WEBVTT - Putting Holograms to Work

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<v Speaker 1>Brought to you by Toyota. Let's go places. Welcome to

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<v Speaker 1>Forward Thinking. Hey there, everyone, and welcome to Forward Thinking,

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<v Speaker 1>the podcast that looks at the future and says, Hey,

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<v Speaker 1>what are you doing tomorrow. I'm Jonathan Strickland, I'm Lauren

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<v Speaker 1>voc Obama, I'm Joe McCormick. Coundy just they just wait

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<v Speaker 1>to see what I'm gonna say at this point today,

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<v Speaker 1>we wanted to talk a little more about holograms. Now.

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<v Speaker 1>We spoke about that in our last podcast, and uh,

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<v Speaker 1>in case you did not hear that, I'll catch you

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<v Speaker 1>up on what a hologram actually is, all right, because

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<v Speaker 1>it's not quite the way that we perceive it from

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<v Speaker 1>what movies tell us, right, movies and TV have told

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<v Speaker 1>us one thing. But what what we're specifically referring to

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<v Speaker 1>here is a method of imaging something a three dimensional

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<v Speaker 1>object in such a way as to create the illusion

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<v Speaker 1>of that three D object in a visual medium. But

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<v Speaker 1>it's a physical visual medium, whether it's a screen or

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<v Speaker 1>it's a plastic film or whatever. Essentially, what you're using

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<v Speaker 1>as a laser beam and a beam splitter, so you

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<v Speaker 1>split that laser beam into two beams. One of those

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<v Speaker 1>beams you call the object beam, use mirrors to reflect

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<v Speaker 1>that object. Beam onto an object, a three dimensional object,

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<v Speaker 1>and that light bounces off the object and onto either

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<v Speaker 1>holographic film or some sort of digital sensor. The second

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<v Speaker 1>beam is called the reference beam. You essentially direct that

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<v Speaker 1>straight to the holographic film or the sensor without it

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<v Speaker 1>having coming into contact with the object. Now, the information

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<v Speaker 1>that the film picks up is these two different beams

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<v Speaker 1>of light, uh. And the and the way those those

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<v Speaker 1>two beams interfere with one another, interact with one another,

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<v Speaker 1>gives all the information you need to be able to

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<v Speaker 1>create a three dimensional uh visual representation of that object,

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<v Speaker 1>assuming that you are able to use the same sort

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<v Speaker 1>of light that was used to create that object. Uh.

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<v Speaker 1>And then if you were to hold like a film up,

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<v Speaker 1>a holographic holographic film and that's got a hologram on it,

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<v Speaker 1>it would look like there is a physical object just

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<v Speaker 1>on the other side of film. UM. And so that's

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<v Speaker 1>that's your basis of holography. That's it. That's essentially how

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<v Speaker 1>it works. UM. So it's a little different from our

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<v Speaker 1>two D two rolling up and beaming out Princess Leiah,

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<v Speaker 1>but uh, we mostly talked about in the last episode

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<v Speaker 1>about using holograms or three D visualization effects for entertainment purposes.

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<v Speaker 1>But that's not the only use of them, is it. Well,

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<v Speaker 1>you know that that's the way we mostly encounter three D, right,

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<v Speaker 1>it's going to a three D movie or or looking

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<v Speaker 1>at a three D hologram photo, you know, something that's

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<v Speaker 1>for entertainment or art or aesthetic value. But yeah, it

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<v Speaker 1>turns out that they're actually good scientific uses for holograms,

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<v Speaker 1>and some that can potentially even save lives. Sure. Well,

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<v Speaker 1>Um and Joe, you were telling me about one about

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<v Speaker 1>using holograms uh for uh in that life saving technique

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<v Speaker 1>us with firefighters, right, So so think about this, Um,

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<v Speaker 1>imagine you're a firefighter and you are you know, you're

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<v Speaker 1>responding to a house call. You arrive at a large

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<v Speaker 1>house that um is engulfed in flames, right, and you

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<v Speaker 1>go inside. But immediately you have you have a problem.

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<v Speaker 1>And I think a lot of us probably haven't even

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<v Speaker 1>thought about this. How do you know where people are? Right?

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<v Speaker 1>If you have smoke and flames that are obscuring your vision,

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<v Speaker 1>how can you see someone on the other side of

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<v Speaker 1>it shouting very clearly? Then? Well, but even then it

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<v Speaker 1>might be extremely and you might not be able to hear.

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<v Speaker 1>But yeah, so so imagine you're in a big room

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<v Speaker 1>and there might be a wall of flame between you

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<v Speaker 1>and or in a doorway whatever, you can't see beyond it. Um.

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<v Speaker 1>And so this causes a lot of problems obviously, before

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<v Speaker 1>responding to fire calls, do you risk your life going

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<v Speaker 1>into a room that may not have anyone on the

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<v Speaker 1>other side when uh, you know, if if there's no

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<v Speaker 1>one there, then it would be tragic if a firefighter

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<v Speaker 1>were to be injured or killed going in there to

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<v Speaker 1>see if someone was there. Yeah. And I was just

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<v Speaker 1>looking at the study. I mean they say that in

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<v Speaker 1>the United States there are three thousand deaths every year

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<v Speaker 1>in house fires. Yeah, so this is a big problem obviously. Um.

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<v Speaker 1>But the study I read was um from some Italian researchers,

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<v Speaker 1>and they figured out something interesting. Okay, so previously we

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<v Speaker 1>had some technological ways of getting through the obfuscation created

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<v Speaker 1>by smoking fire. We had infrared bolometry b O, L O, M, E,

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<v Speaker 1>T E R bolometer UM and and that that scans

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<v Speaker 1>in the infrared spectrum, and so this was really helpful

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<v Speaker 1>in seeing through smoke. Right, But then if you're looking

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<v Speaker 1>at flames infrared and heat, I mean you're talking about

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<v Speaker 1>just seeing a big bright image exactly. The radiation from

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<v Speaker 1>the flames themselves would disrupt the I R spectrum and

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<v Speaker 1>you couldn't see You could see through smoke with with

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<v Speaker 1>the bolometers, but you couldn't see through flames. UM. And

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<v Speaker 1>so what these Italian researchers figured out is that um

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<v Speaker 1>by using holograms based on a continuous wave of laser

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<v Speaker 1>digital holograms, they could actually sample through flames and they

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<v Speaker 1>would be able to detect with these lasers holographic image

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<v Speaker 1>of what was beyond. And this was on a scale

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<v Speaker 1>of the correct size to detect human movement and pick

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<v Speaker 1>up the figures of a human shape. Pretty cool. So,

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<v Speaker 1>just by using this laser and some holographic imaging, you

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<v Speaker 1>were able to, uh to do something that otherwise would

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<v Speaker 1>have been difficult or possibly even impossible to do. It's

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<v Speaker 1>a really neat implementation. I've got one, uh it's very science,

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<v Speaker 1>which is using holograms to to image cells, uh, living

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<v Speaker 1>cells C E L L S. So one of the

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<v Speaker 1>problems with looking at cells if you're using a light microscope, right,

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<v Speaker 1>cells cells don't aren't necessarily so small that light microscopes

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<v Speaker 1>are useless. We can use light microscopes to look at

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<v Speaker 1>objects on that that size that scale. Well, what kind

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<v Speaker 1>of light microscope to be you're talking about an optical microscope,

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<v Speaker 1>like you look through a lens and yeah, that kind

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<v Speaker 1>of like that's what I mean by light microscope, not

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<v Speaker 1>like a scanning microscope and nothing like that. You're just

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<v Speaker 1>using light and and lenses to be able to get

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<v Speaker 1>a look at something that's bright field exactly. So the

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<v Speaker 1>problem with that is that, first of all, you're getting

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<v Speaker 1>kind of a two dimensional look at a cell and

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<v Speaker 1>you know, squished between you know, some some glass plates

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<v Speaker 1>and uh so you're not really getting a true look

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<v Speaker 1>at what that cell really looks like. You're you're getting

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<v Speaker 1>this top down, two dimensional view of it. Another problem

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<v Speaker 1>is that often in order to get a good look

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<v Speaker 1>at the stuff that's inside a cell, you usually need

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<v Speaker 1>to use some sort of dye or fluorescent material to

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<v Speaker 1>highlight parts of that cell. I imagine that's not good

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<v Speaker 1>for the cell. Uh well, yeah, you're pretty much not

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<v Speaker 1>gonna be able to look at living cells this way.

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<v Speaker 1>At least they're not gonna be living for very long.

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<v Speaker 1>And also, uh, it means that you know, it's it's

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<v Speaker 1>still not a true representation of what the cell looks like.

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<v Speaker 1>You're you're altering the look of the cell, and you

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<v Speaker 1>have to in order to be able to get a

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<v Speaker 1>look at these things. Uh So, one way that some

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<v Speaker 1>scientists have looked at at imaging cells that would give

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<v Speaker 1>you a more realistic look at what a cell appears

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<v Speaker 1>to be and also be able to look at living

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<v Speaker 1>cells in more or less real time. Right now, it's

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<v Speaker 1>not quite real time. It's there's a delay, but um

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<v Speaker 1>is using a hologram. You actually use a split laser beam.

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<v Speaker 1>Just like I was saying before. You have that reference

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<v Speaker 1>beam and the object beam. The object beam in this

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<v Speaker 1>case is making contact with cells. And uh, then you

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<v Speaker 1>record the pattern of face shifts from the object beam

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<v Speaker 1>and you record the information using a digital camera. You

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<v Speaker 1>recombine the beams. Then you get that interference pattern from

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<v Speaker 1>the two beams, and you analyze that using a computer

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<v Speaker 1>with special software that then we'll build a three D

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<v Speaker 1>image based upon all of that information. So yeah, the

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<v Speaker 1>computer is doing all the work for you. Once you've

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<v Speaker 1>designed the software, I mean, you can build the software first.

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<v Speaker 1>This incredibly complex program that yeah, but you don't have

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<v Speaker 1>to rewrite it every time, so so yeah, then you

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<v Speaker 1>can process the data using that software, build the three

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<v Speaker 1>D model of the cell. You can even take slices

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<v Speaker 1>digital slices of the cell and take a look at it.

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<v Speaker 1>So you can take cross sections of a cell. Very useful,

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<v Speaker 1>and you don't have to use the dyes or fluorescence

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<v Speaker 1>to be able to get a look at the inside

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<v Speaker 1>of it. Uh. Now, there was a team at a

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<v Speaker 1>polytechnical university in Switzerland ep f L, which is a

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<v Speaker 1>pardon my French call Polytechnique Federal de Lozanne. It's a

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<v Speaker 1>terrible fringe French. Yeah, my high school French, which was

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<v Speaker 1>many many years ago, has mostly faded from memory, so

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<v Speaker 1>I do apologize. But the the technique does give the

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<v Speaker 1>ability to observe cellular behavior in real time, and you

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<v Speaker 1>can even see how living cells react to different types

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<v Speaker 1>of stimuli. But this could be really useful in medicine

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<v Speaker 1>because you could actually apply a tiny cellular dose of

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<v Speaker 1>medicine to living cells and observe the reaction. So that

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<v Speaker 1>way you know before you've ever gone to test on

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<v Speaker 1>any sort of large organism exactly, not not even a human.

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<v Speaker 1>But yeah, you're just looking. You can look at just

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<v Speaker 1>the cells and if the cells immediately die off, you think,

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<v Speaker 1>all right next, unless it's you know, something like a

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<v Speaker 1>cancer cell, in which case, if the cancer cells dies

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<v Speaker 1>off in the healthy cell doesn't, then you're thinking we

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<v Speaker 1>might be onto something. Yeah. So um, so they actually

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<v Speaker 1>showed uh in a paper, they demonstrated the growth of

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<v Speaker 1>a neuron and what they did was they took a

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<v Speaker 1>holographic image of a neuron cell every minute for an

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<v Speaker 1>hour as it was growing, and then they played back

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<v Speaker 1>that sequence of images. So you've got the animation of

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<v Speaker 1>a neuron cell growing in three dimensions. Flipbook there. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>And of course the really important part here is using

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<v Speaker 1>a very low intensity laser because lasers do generate heat,

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<v Speaker 1>and of course if you generate too much heat, you

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<v Speaker 1>would damage the scales, right, So that is an important

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<v Speaker 1>part of this is that they have to use a

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<v Speaker 1>specific kind of low intensity laser and not one of

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<v Speaker 1>those high beams that you might use on you know,

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<v Speaker 1>inanimate objects. I think that's amazing that they can they

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<v Speaker 1>can sample holography on a scale that's small. I wouldn't

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<v Speaker 1>have thought so well, you know, they they're using lasers

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<v Speaker 1>that have a precision of a nanometers. That's really tiny.

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<v Speaker 1>It is. Holograms are incredibly precise. They're they're they're very

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<v Speaker 1>high definition, right right, Yeah, they they are taking incredibly

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<v Speaker 1>tiny measurements based upon the acts of photons. So, I

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<v Speaker 1>mean that's pretty tiny. So you can get pretty precise. Now, great,

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<v Speaker 1>if you you can't get too much further down the nanoscale,

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<v Speaker 1>because eventually your nanoscale you're going to go beyond the

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<v Speaker 1>range of visual the visual spectra acuity here, you're going

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<v Speaker 1>to run out of photo sensitive space. Yeah, you would.

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<v Speaker 1>Essentially you could switch to other parts of the electromagnetic

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<v Speaker 1>spectrum and sample it that way. If you were able

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<v Speaker 1>to find a way to to digitally interpret that information

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<v Speaker 1>into a means that would create it a visual representation

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<v Speaker 1>for us, then that would work. But you know, you

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<v Speaker 1>can only go so far with visual with actual light

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<v Speaker 1>light that's visible to us, you know, using something like

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<v Speaker 1>an infrared laser as opposed to a red or green

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<v Speaker 1>or laser. So yeah, it's it's usually red lasers I

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<v Speaker 1>think in the in the creation of these non scientific

0:11:40.840 --> 0:11:44.280
<v Speaker 1>entertainment holograms. But but anyway that that precision actually ties

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<v Speaker 1>into one thing that I was reading about, which is

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<v Speaker 1>holography of being used in conjunction with something called optogenetics. UM.

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<v Speaker 1>This is research being done at the technog Israel Institute

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<v Speaker 1>of Technology and UH. Optogenetics is UM. It's a therapy

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<v Speaker 1>that's used to UM to deliver light sensitive proteins to eyes,

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<v Speaker 1>to to retin as specifically that have been damaged, usually

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<v Speaker 1>by some kind of disease that leads to degeneration. Like

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<v Speaker 1>UM writtenments that one right there. Even I even even

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<v Speaker 1>syllablized it out for myself, and I was just like, yeah, no,

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<v Speaker 1>I have no idea, I can't read. It's no, these

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<v Speaker 1>are not English words. That does that does sound like

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<v Speaker 1>something in Harry Potter is pigmentosa anyway, UM so so yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>so so damaged damaged nerve cells is the output of

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<v Speaker 1>this disease and it can eventually lead to blindness. UM

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<v Speaker 1>and optogenetics takes takes these proteins from algae or bacteria,

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<v Speaker 1>and UM allows a cell that it's inserted into to

0:12:47.280 --> 0:12:52.079
<v Speaker 1>begin to be photosensitive again. So it's gene therapy. It's

0:12:52.080 --> 0:12:55.319
<v Speaker 1>gene therapy right so so right now we haven't even

0:12:55.320 --> 0:12:58.600
<v Speaker 1>gotten into the hologram part, right, right, Yeah, this is

0:12:58.679 --> 0:13:01.559
<v Speaker 1>this is just putting in pitting in proteins that give

0:13:01.640 --> 0:13:04.960
<v Speaker 1>some photosensitivity back to cells that otherwise have been losing

0:13:05.000 --> 0:13:07.559
<v Speaker 1>that exactly. Yeah. And and and this is an incredibly

0:13:07.600 --> 0:13:10.280
<v Speaker 1>cool therapy. Um. The the only problem with it is

0:13:10.280 --> 0:13:15.040
<v Speaker 1>that these newly photo sensitive cells um aren't quite working

0:13:15.080 --> 0:13:18.199
<v Speaker 1>at the same optimal levels that they would have been originally,

0:13:18.640 --> 0:13:21.480
<v Speaker 1>and so researchers are are still looking into the best

0:13:21.520 --> 0:13:24.640
<v Speaker 1>way to deliver light patterns to these cells so that

0:13:24.679 --> 0:13:27.480
<v Speaker 1>they can so that they can interpret the signals as

0:13:27.559 --> 0:13:30.640
<v Speaker 1>naturally as possible. Right, So essentially you're talking about kind

0:13:30.679 --> 0:13:34.720
<v Speaker 1>of activating these cells through pulses of light exactly. Yeah.

0:13:35.000 --> 0:13:40.040
<v Speaker 1>And uh, the what's key they've found is is um intensity, precision,

0:13:40.280 --> 0:13:43.960
<v Speaker 1>and diffusion of the stimuli. And that's a tough combo

0:13:44.040 --> 0:13:46.000
<v Speaker 1>to get. That's a really tough combo to get. But

0:13:46.040 --> 0:13:49.520
<v Speaker 1>it's also exactly what a hologram is, right, Because a

0:13:49.600 --> 0:13:52.000
<v Speaker 1>laser on its own is very precise, but the other

0:13:52.160 --> 0:13:55.320
<v Speaker 1>it won't fulfill the other criteria. Right. It's very precise

0:13:55.320 --> 0:13:58.760
<v Speaker 1>and it's very intense, but when you've output it into

0:13:58.880 --> 0:14:02.320
<v Speaker 1>holographic format, it's also very diffused. Right. So that's that's

0:14:02.320 --> 0:14:05.240
<v Speaker 1>the combination of things that make it ideal for this

0:14:05.320 --> 0:14:07.280
<v Speaker 1>kind of therapy, all right. And so so what they're

0:14:07.320 --> 0:14:11.559
<v Speaker 1>looking at is creating um prosthetic or or goggles or

0:14:11.600 --> 0:14:15.920
<v Speaker 1>something like that that will uh interpret data, you know,

0:14:15.960 --> 0:14:19.600
<v Speaker 1>interpret visual data and project it as a hologram onto

0:14:19.760 --> 0:14:22.360
<v Speaker 1>onto the surface for people to see and and then

0:14:22.440 --> 0:14:25.680
<v Speaker 1>let your cells do the rest of the work. Interesting. Wow,

0:14:26.000 --> 0:14:28.480
<v Speaker 1>So so you what you're saying is you'd have a

0:14:28.520 --> 0:14:32.520
<v Speaker 1>pair of glasses that we're showing you holographic images, okay,

0:14:32.520 --> 0:14:34.680
<v Speaker 1>and that yeah, that that are that are optimized for

0:14:34.760 --> 0:14:39.120
<v Speaker 1>your new cells to interpret that information. That's really cool, yea. Yeah.

0:14:39.360 --> 0:14:41.840
<v Speaker 1>So yeah, it turns out there's quite a few uses

0:14:41.880 --> 0:14:45.320
<v Speaker 1>for holograms beyond uh, you know, some protection on a

0:14:45.360 --> 0:14:50.880
<v Speaker 1>credit card or or currency or UA tupac. You know

0:14:51.240 --> 0:14:54.520
<v Speaker 1>that's not a hologram. I also think we shouldn't necessarily

0:14:54.600 --> 0:15:01.160
<v Speaker 1>play down the purely esthetic benefits of three D imagery. Sure, um,

0:15:01.200 --> 0:15:04.880
<v Speaker 1>because also when you think about it, uh, imagine Star

0:15:04.960 --> 0:15:07.920
<v Speaker 1>Trek or or any other very easy for me to do. Yeah,

0:15:08.040 --> 0:15:11.920
<v Speaker 1>just imagine it just trek and the words will come.

0:15:13.800 --> 0:15:16.720
<v Speaker 1>But no, I think about so they've got like a holidack, right,

0:15:17.640 --> 0:15:21.040
<v Speaker 1>the next generation forward? Yes, right, right, Okay, they've got

0:15:21.040 --> 0:15:25.720
<v Speaker 1>a room they can go into that reliably creates what

0:15:25.840 --> 0:15:32.360
<v Speaker 1>can we Yeah, yeah, I would say ir reliably. Sorry,

0:15:32.400 --> 0:15:37.800
<v Speaker 1>that creates a convincing three D effects to people, And

0:15:38.000 --> 0:15:41.280
<v Speaker 1>I can actually see why this would be a more

0:15:41.400 --> 0:15:46.280
<v Speaker 1>than trivial goal. Sure, if you're exploring space, I mean,

0:15:46.480 --> 0:15:51.280
<v Speaker 1>we're we're children of this planet Earth, and uh, we're

0:15:51.440 --> 0:15:55.400
<v Speaker 1>very very accustomed to our environments. You know, seeing trees

0:15:55.560 --> 0:15:58.160
<v Speaker 1>and thinking the blue sky makes us feel good, going

0:15:58.160 --> 0:16:01.880
<v Speaker 1>to the ocean. Yeah, I can't imagine that it would

0:16:01.880 --> 0:16:05.280
<v Speaker 1>be good for your psychological state to be trapped in

0:16:05.440 --> 0:16:10.360
<v Speaker 1>a metal or you know, fully synthetic spaceship all the time.

0:16:10.680 --> 0:16:12.720
<v Speaker 1>All right, well, don't don't. Don't They have studies about

0:16:12.720 --> 0:16:14.840
<v Speaker 1>how long people are allowed to be on submarines before

0:16:15.200 --> 0:16:16.960
<v Speaker 1>they will, in fact go stare crazy and try to

0:16:17.040 --> 0:16:19.480
<v Speaker 1>kill everybody. I think it varies from person to person.

0:16:19.480 --> 0:16:21.040
<v Speaker 1>I don't think it's like, you know, he's got two

0:16:21.080 --> 0:16:24.040
<v Speaker 1>days to go. I don't think that's the case. But

0:16:25.160 --> 0:16:27.840
<v Speaker 1>it's a little bit what you thought. That's what she

0:16:27.960 --> 0:16:30.440
<v Speaker 1>was suggesting, Like, no, but I was interpreting it the

0:16:30.440 --> 0:16:36.000
<v Speaker 1>way I would want to know. There are there are

0:16:36.000 --> 0:16:38.080
<v Speaker 1>certainly studies that go into this. I mean that was

0:16:38.160 --> 0:16:42.800
<v Speaker 1>the whole point of the the project, where people were

0:16:42.800 --> 0:16:47.760
<v Speaker 1>supposed to be sequestered from all of society for like

0:16:47.840 --> 0:16:50.400
<v Speaker 1>six months or something in order to kind of simulate

0:16:50.480 --> 0:16:52.760
<v Speaker 1>the conditions that would happen if if you were to

0:16:52.760 --> 0:16:55.480
<v Speaker 1>create a Mars colony, for example, so that you would

0:16:55.520 --> 0:16:58.080
<v Speaker 1>be able to see how long can someone go without that?

0:16:58.280 --> 0:17:00.240
<v Speaker 1>And of course we don't have the benefit of something

0:17:00.240 --> 0:17:05.240
<v Speaker 1>like a Holio deck to recreate these scenes, so psychologically

0:17:05.280 --> 0:17:07.960
<v Speaker 1>it's going to be very demanding upon anyone who takes

0:17:08.000 --> 0:17:11.240
<v Speaker 1>upon that sort of endeavor to to you know, especially

0:17:11.359 --> 0:17:13.040
<v Speaker 1>talking about going to Mars. I mean, most most of

0:17:13.080 --> 0:17:14.800
<v Speaker 1>the projections I see right now are talking about that

0:17:14.840 --> 0:17:18.000
<v Speaker 1>being a one way trip. So you go, you set

0:17:18.080 --> 0:17:19.560
<v Speaker 1>up shop, and that's where you are for the rest

0:17:19.600 --> 0:17:22.359
<v Speaker 1>of your life. Well, I mean, you can imagine for

0:17:22.400 --> 0:17:24.680
<v Speaker 1>a lot of people, it's not that they don't want

0:17:24.720 --> 0:17:27.280
<v Speaker 1>to see Mars, I mean, going to Mars would be amazing,

0:17:27.359 --> 0:17:30.159
<v Speaker 1>is that they don't want to leave Earth, right or

0:17:30.200 --> 0:17:33.200
<v Speaker 1>they don't want to see Mars all the time. Ever,

0:17:34.680 --> 0:17:37.600
<v Speaker 1>and depending upon how how well that that place is

0:17:37.640 --> 0:17:40.320
<v Speaker 1>made forever maybe very short. Well, yeah, it's just that

0:17:40.480 --> 0:17:42.840
<v Speaker 1>it's not the addition of Mars that makes it a

0:17:42.880 --> 0:17:46.000
<v Speaker 1>scary short opposition. It's the subtraction of Earth, yes exactly.

0:17:46.320 --> 0:17:49.480
<v Speaker 1>But but a Holi deck would at least psychologically give

0:17:49.520 --> 0:17:53.040
<v Speaker 1>you some sort of release from that or even in

0:17:53.160 --> 0:17:56.359
<v Speaker 1>training purposes, going back to medicine, if a if a

0:17:56.440 --> 0:18:01.640
<v Speaker 1>doctor in training could have a fully holographic haptic hologram

0:18:01.880 --> 0:18:04.200
<v Speaker 1>that you could interact with, all right, So that way,

0:18:04.240 --> 0:18:07.560
<v Speaker 1>when when your hand would seem to come into contact

0:18:07.560 --> 0:18:10.080
<v Speaker 1>with whatever it is, you would get the feedback from

0:18:10.160 --> 0:18:12.600
<v Speaker 1>some sort of device so that you would have a

0:18:12.760 --> 0:18:15.119
<v Speaker 1>a from your sense of touch, you would have that

0:18:15.240 --> 0:18:17.840
<v Speaker 1>same sort of feedback as you're getting from your sense

0:18:17.880 --> 0:18:20.280
<v Speaker 1>of sight. Right, And they're they're starting work on that.

0:18:20.320 --> 0:18:22.439
<v Speaker 1>There's a bunch of researchers that are working on that

0:18:22.560 --> 0:18:26.399
<v Speaker 1>problem precisely. Um. You know, also in in a in

0:18:26.440 --> 0:18:28.520
<v Speaker 1>a smaller scale, if you go to Disney World, the

0:18:28.560 --> 0:18:32.639
<v Speaker 1>new Hitchhiking ghosts at the end of the Mansion ride

0:18:33.000 --> 0:18:36.439
<v Speaker 1>involve a little bit of interactive three D imaging that

0:18:36.720 --> 0:18:39.480
<v Speaker 1>is tracking like a connect with track your your motion.

0:18:39.520 --> 0:18:42.800
<v Speaker 1>The motion of the guests in the cars and having

0:18:42.960 --> 0:18:45.720
<v Speaker 1>the animations interact with you that way. Right, Yeah, I'd

0:18:45.720 --> 0:18:47.880
<v Speaker 1>have to imagine that kind of thing would really be

0:18:48.760 --> 0:18:53.560
<v Speaker 1>almost required if you were going to have good tell asurgery, right,

0:18:53.640 --> 0:18:58.360
<v Speaker 1>And people have talked about telesurgery, and there's there's telesurgery now, right,

0:18:58.520 --> 0:19:01.399
<v Speaker 1>But to really get the kind of control that the

0:19:01.480 --> 0:19:03.880
<v Speaker 1>surgeon needs, I mean, it would seem like you you'd

0:19:03.880 --> 0:19:07.640
<v Speaker 1>have to have some kind of simulation of three D. Usually, yeah,

0:19:07.720 --> 0:19:13.240
<v Speaker 1>Usually there's a some sort of simulation of three D

0:19:13.400 --> 0:19:17.240
<v Speaker 1>as well as a device that the surgeon holds that

0:19:17.400 --> 0:19:23.720
<v Speaker 1>gives some haptic feedback. Often there's also a a ratio

0:19:24.080 --> 0:19:27.080
<v Speaker 1>for how far the surgeon moves versus how far the

0:19:27.200 --> 0:19:30.639
<v Speaker 1>robotic arm that actually is holding the the surgical tools,

0:19:30.640 --> 0:19:33.320
<v Speaker 1>how far it moves, So you can do some very precise,

0:19:33.480 --> 0:19:37.520
<v Speaker 1>very delicate surgery hundreds of miles away from the you know,

0:19:37.560 --> 0:19:40.159
<v Speaker 1>the surgeons one place and the patient somewhere else. You

0:19:40.200 --> 0:19:42.239
<v Speaker 1>can actually do very delicate surgery that way. But it

0:19:42.320 --> 0:19:44.520
<v Speaker 1>is important to build these systems in place, both for

0:19:44.600 --> 0:19:47.160
<v Speaker 1>the imaging aspects so that the surgeon is is doing

0:19:47.200 --> 0:19:50.240
<v Speaker 1>exactly what needs to be done and the whole feedback loop,

0:19:50.359 --> 0:19:53.840
<v Speaker 1>so that you know, everything is uh, it's not just

0:19:53.960 --> 0:19:56.760
<v Speaker 1>the visual cues that the surgeon is working off of.

0:19:57.760 --> 0:20:01.360
<v Speaker 1>But yeah, I'm sure we'll see holograms worked into other

0:20:01.600 --> 0:20:05.400
<v Speaker 1>aspects of things that are useful and things that are entertaining.

0:20:05.600 --> 0:20:09.040
<v Speaker 1>Not that entertaining doesn't have its own use, but I'm

0:20:09.040 --> 0:20:11.679
<v Speaker 1>really excited about where the future is in this and

0:20:11.840 --> 0:20:14.280
<v Speaker 1>uh and speaking of the future like we have been.

0:20:15.160 --> 0:20:18.080
<v Speaker 1>If you guys out there have any suggestions for topics

0:20:18.080 --> 0:20:20.840
<v Speaker 1>that we should cover in Forward Thinking, please get in

0:20:20.880 --> 0:20:23.240
<v Speaker 1>touch with us. Send us an email our addresses f

0:20:23.520 --> 0:20:27.040
<v Speaker 1>W Thinking at discovery dot com, or go to f

0:20:27.240 --> 0:20:30.000
<v Speaker 1>W thinking dot com and check out our blogs, check

0:20:30.000 --> 0:20:32.000
<v Speaker 1>out the video series. You can listen to other episodes

0:20:32.000 --> 0:20:35.119
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0:20:35.240 --> 0:20:37.119
<v Speaker 1>social networks. We have links to all of that, so

0:20:37.160 --> 0:20:39.119
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0:20:39.359 --> 0:20:42.280
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0:20:42.800 --> 0:20:45.320
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0:20:49.040 --> 0:20:51.480
<v Speaker 1>For more on this topic and the future of technology,

0:20:51.760 --> 0:21:04.919
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0:21:05.400 --> 0:21:06.360
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