Speaker 1: Welcome to Creature Future production of iHeartRadio. I'm your host
Speaker 1: of Many Parasites, Katie Golden. I studied psychology and evolutionary biology,
Speaker 1: and today on the show, it's another listener questions episode.
Speaker 1: I don't usually do these so close together, but I
Speaker 1: was pretty jet lagged this week. I visited the US,
Speaker 1: visited family friends, went to a couple of weddings, did
Speaker 1: a whole thing, and now I'm back in Europe. So
Speaker 1: my brain is taking a little while to understand I'm
Speaker 1: supposed to sleep at night. So I thought I would
Speaker 1: still do an episode this week, but make it a
Speaker 1: listener questions episode. So I hope that you guys like it.
Speaker 1: I as always really enjoy answering your questions. And if
Speaker 1: you have a question for me that is related to
Speaker 1: evolutionary biology, animals, even people, I guess you can send
Speaker 1: me an email at Creature Featurepod at gmail dot com.
Speaker 1: So let's get right into it. So this one is
Speaker 1: on the topic of otters. Hey, Katie, friend and I
Speaker 1: were chatting about this little guy. He was saying, they
Speaker 1: have favorite rocks. I assume these are used as tools.
Speaker 1: I didn't even know that they had work pouches. And
Speaker 1: there's a link to a video of an otter stuffing
Speaker 1: stuff into its little armpit pouches. The listener continues, I
Speaker 1: was wondering, then if you knew more about what they
Speaker 1: do with these pouches and the stuff they keep in there,
Speaker 1: also if you knew more about other animals that have
Speaker 1: favorite implements that they hold on to. And this is
Speaker 1: from PK, So yeah, otters are really interesting. They have
Speaker 1: these sort of armpits that have bit of loose skin
Speaker 1: in there, and it can envelop small items like rocks,
Speaker 1: and indeed the rocks that they collect are used to
Speaker 1: crack open buy valves and other hard shelled sea critters
Speaker 1: which they like to eat. So sometimes they will even
Speaker 1: store extra snacks in their pit pockets and they can
Speaker 1: crack open their clams or mussels using these rocks. They
Speaker 1: can also use hard surfaces, but when they are floating
Speaker 1: out at sea, there's usually not much in terms of
Speaker 1: surfaces to be had, so keeping their little rock there
Speaker 1: with them in that pouch can be really handy tool
Speaker 1: to have when they find a tasty mussel or clam
Speaker 1: that they need to crack open on their belly. There
Speaker 1: are indeed other animals who specialize in tool use and
Speaker 1: will retain tools that they like. There are primates who
Speaker 1: will have sort of like favorite rocks or poken sticks
Speaker 1: that they like to keep because they are really good at, say,
Speaker 1: poking through rotting wood to pick up termites or cracking
Speaker 1: open nuts. But the little utility pouch that otters have
Speaker 1: to store their rocks in is one of the cutest
Speaker 1: adaptations that I've seen in terms of toil use. But
Speaker 1: sea otters have a number of amazing adaptations for life
Speaker 1: at sea. Their feet are webbed and help with swimming,
Speaker 1: as does their little stubby tail. They have incredibly dense fur,
Speaker 1: so they don't have any blubber unlike other types of
Speaker 1: aquatic mammals, and so they need a lot of fur
Speaker 1: to insulate them to keep them warm. So their fur
Speaker 1: is incredibly dense. They have nearly a million hairs per
Speaker 1: square inch or six and a half square centimeters of skin,
Speaker 1: so in addition to their dense coats, they have ex
Speaker 1: extremely high metabolisms to help them stay warm, and they
Speaker 1: need to consume around a fourth of their body weight
Speaker 1: every day to maintain this internal furnace. Their jaws are
Speaker 1: really powerful. I know they look cute, but they are
Speaker 1: designed to maximize bite force, which allows them to crush
Speaker 1: the shells of bivalves or the spines of sea urchins
Speaker 1: their hands. Their forelimbs, meanwhile, are optimized for grabbing things
Speaker 1: so that they can use things like manipulate tools, and
Speaker 1: they aren't really used for swimming. They usually keep them
Speaker 1: tucked at their side while they undulate their body and
Speaker 1: their tails and their webbed feet to be able to swim.
Speaker 1: They can also use their very large lung capacity to
Speaker 1: stay buoyant, and they can effortlessly rest by floating on
Speaker 1: their backs. This is why the otters may hold hands
Speaker 1: with their mates, and mother see otters place their pups
Speaker 1: on their bellies, Otherwise they would get separated from their
Speaker 1: families just through casually drifting apart, but literally drifting apart
Speaker 1: on the ocean. This is why sometimes mothers see otters
Speaker 1: will anchor their babies to like these floating kelp debris
Speaker 1: or kelp forests to have a safe point for their
Speaker 1: baby to hang out and they the mother can go
Speaker 1: and hunt for things and then return back to where
Speaker 1: she's left her baby, And sometimes they do this near humans,
Speaker 1: like in a human bay where there are boats, and
Speaker 1: then you'll see an otter place her little baby, her
Speaker 1: pup up on like some moorings or on a boat
Speaker 1: because she is trying to keep it safe so it
Speaker 1: won't drift away while she is out collecting things. And
Speaker 1: it also helps the baby float because when they're young
Speaker 1: they struggle more to float. But yes, if you want
Speaker 1: to be a handyman like an otter, you would keep
Speaker 1: your tools in your armpits, in that flexible pouch of skin.
Speaker 1: And I highly recommend you look up videos of otters armpits.
Speaker 1: And that sounds weird and bad, but it's really cute,
Speaker 1: trust me. Next listener question, This one sent me into
Speaker 1: an existential crisis, not really, but close. Saltier bugs will
Speaker 1: invade our home sometimes, and they seem to start out
Speaker 1: energetic and buzzy, flying into things and being weird until
Speaker 1: we a victim to the outside. But once in a
Speaker 1: while a bug will stick around, wandering the walls and slowly, slowly,
Speaker 1: slowly lose vitality until they make the great transition into
Speaker 1: the unknown. But how can you tell. I've poke bugs
Speaker 1: that have been motionless for days and they might fall
Speaker 1: to the ground dead. But sometimes they'll startle and begin
Speaker 1: to walk. How can a creature be so apparently dead
Speaker 1: not be dead? Is life and death more of a
Speaker 1: content for some creatures? And this is from Janito m.
Speaker 1: Thank you so much for the question. Wanito. I wouldn't
Speaker 1: necessarily say that life and death is more of a
Speaker 1: continuum for some animals, but I mean one could make
Speaker 1: that argument. So death is defined as far as I understand,
Speaker 1: like the total, irreversible cessation of biological processes. But I
Speaker 1: guess the closest you get to being dead without actually
Speaker 1: being dead is the slowing of biological processes. And this
Speaker 1: actually happens in many animals from the hibernation of certain
Speaker 1: mammals during the winter the estivation during the summer of
Speaker 1: many species of reptiles and amphibians. By the way, estivation
Speaker 1: and hibernation are only distinct in terms of this season.
Speaker 1: So like hibernation is done during the winter during cold temperatures,
Speaker 1: estivation is done during the summer or during warm temperatures.
Speaker 1: Also torpoor, which is a more generalized term for the
Speaker 1: reduction of physiological activity to conserve energy. So an animal
Speaker 1: can go into torpoor daily, it can go into torpoor
Speaker 1: a few days at a time, a few weeks at
Speaker 1: a time, maybe even a few months at a time.
Speaker 1: So insects can hibernate, they can estimate, and they can
Speaker 1: go into torpoor daily torpor or torpor for any number
Speaker 1: of days or period of time. So none of these
Speaker 1: insects or even animals that we talk about when they
Speaker 1: go into torpoor really quote unquote come back from the dead,
Speaker 1: even though it really seems that way sometimes because death
Speaker 1: again is the complete irreversible cessation of biological processes. So
Speaker 1: like I feel, I mean, maybe this is pedantic, I
Speaker 1: don't really know, but like when someone says that they
Speaker 1: died on the operating table or something, I personally wouldn't
Speaker 1: really define that as death, say, even if your heart stops,
Speaker 1: because it's not an irreversible cessation of your biological processes
Speaker 1: because you're brought back to life in that situation. But
Speaker 1: I'm not here to gate keep death. I guess that's
Speaker 1: not that's not my job. But yeah, so I would
Speaker 1: say that these insects do not really come back from
Speaker 1: the dead, but some come pretty close. So the mountain
Speaker 1: Stone Wetta of New Zealand must survive very very cold temperatures,
Speaker 1: so wettas. If you don't know, they look like these
Speaker 1: really large fat crickets. They're quite big. They're about the
Speaker 1: size of like an adult's palm. But in New Zealand,
Speaker 1: this species, the mountain stone wetta, lives in the mountains
Speaker 1: and it gets quite cold. You've seen Lord of the Rings,
Speaker 1: you know that New Zealand ranges from being these beautiful
Speaker 1: rolling green hills to cold mountainous regions with snow. So
Speaker 1: they freeze in icing conditions in the mountains, but somehow
Speaker 1: they don't die. So proteins in their hemal lymph so
Speaker 1: hemal imph is essentially blood for insects, these proteins in
Speaker 1: their hemal liff prevent their cells from forming ice crystals. Now,
Speaker 1: if you're been listening to the show for a while,
Speaker 1: you might say that this sounds similar to the wood frog,
Speaker 1: which also can be frozen and similarly not dye and
Speaker 1: also has kind of like anti freeze like proteins and
Speaker 1: sugars in its blood. Very similar, very similar, of course,
Speaker 1: different evolutionary paths, completely different evolutionary paths, but they've both
Speaker 1: come to this in a sort of a convergent evolution. Yeah,
Speaker 1: so these these wettas will freeze and the proteins in
Speaker 1: their hemolymph prevent ice crystals from forming in their cells,
Speaker 1: So that means that when they thaw, these ice crystals
Speaker 1: don't explode their cells, which is very important if you
Speaker 1: want to keep living. So they can spend up to
Speaker 1: two and a half weeks in the state of being
Speaker 1: frozen solid at a time, and I would say this
Speaker 1: is not really death. This is more suspended animation, the
Speaker 1: difference being that death is permanent and suspended animation can
Speaker 1: potentially be reversed. And so when it warms up, these
Speaker 1: wedahs will thaw out and they will start moving again.
Speaker 1: And it is really really interesting. I mean, it does
Speaker 1: I suppose somewhat blur the lines between life and death,
Speaker 1: because you can have your biological processes slow or even
Speaker 1: stop without really being dead, because if there is a
Speaker 1: chance or a good chance that you will reverse that,
Speaker 1: right then you are not technically dead. I don't think,
Speaker 1: but I don't really know what that means for people.
Speaker 1: Like if you could freeze a person before they've died,
Speaker 1: or as they're dying, cryogenically freezing someone, would that person
Speaker 1: not be dead if there's some hope in the future
Speaker 1: that they could be revived. I don't know, interesting thought experiment.
Speaker 1: I just know that a certain someone who invented a
Speaker 1: certain mouse is probably frozen somewhere and will be revived
Speaker 1: in the future to take over the world. Which mouse
Speaker 1: am I talking about? You couldn't. You couldn't say, and
Speaker 1: so I'm unsuable onto the next listener question. Hi Katie,
Speaker 1: thank you for your explanation about bird bones. I didn't
Speaker 1: have a clear idea of how it works, and now
Speaker 1: my understanding is better. But as often happens, as soon
Speaker 1: as I learn something new, I have more questions. Without
Speaker 1: diaformatic pumping, does that er in the bone stagnate? Do
Speaker 1: birds have other muscle groups or some other mechanism to
Speaker 1: somehow keep the air inside this non flexible bone structure circulating?
Speaker 1: Is it more about buoyancy so it doesn't really matter.
Speaker 1: This is from Amanda M. Hi Amanda, thank you so
Speaker 1: much for this question. I am very happy to clarify
Speaker 1: if I am able to. So It's true that birds
Speaker 1: don't have diaphragms like mammals, but like you guessed, they
Speaker 1: do have muscles that move to fill the air sacks
Speaker 1: that they have inside their bodies, facilitating the flow of
Speaker 1: air in and out. So essentially, when you look at
Speaker 1: a bird, they have these air sacks both in the
Speaker 1: front of their body and in the back of their body,
Speaker 1: and they have lungs kind of in the center. But
Speaker 1: they also have these pneumatic bones, pneumatized bones, and in
Speaker 1: these bones, they're not completely hollow, but they have these
Speaker 1: huge air pockets. So they look sort of like a
Speaker 1: fluffy sour dough bread, except you know, it's hard and bone.
Speaker 1: And so inside of their bones there's space for air.
Speaker 1: And I mentioned previously on the Listener Questions episode that
Speaker 1: this air can help increase sort of the total abundancy
Speaker 1: of air circulating through the bird's body. So to understand
Speaker 1: how this works, let's talk a little bit more about
Speaker 1: how the bird's respiratory system works. So essentially, muscles expand
Speaker 1: the chest cavity, which fills the air sacks, and then
Speaker 1: to deflate the air sacks to exhale. Essentially, these skeletal
Speaker 1: muscles will compress their lungs, however, remain inflated throughout this
Speaker 1: whole process. They don't inflate and deflate like our lungs.
Speaker 1: There's a constant flow of air from these air sacks
Speaker 1: that kind of move in sequence that continuously ventilate the lungs.
Speaker 1: This allows a greater efficiency and a greater intake of oxygen,
Speaker 1: which is a really important adaptation for the rigors of flight,
Speaker 1: particularly for birds who fly at high altitudes and have
Speaker 1: no problem so their bones being quote unquote hollow in
Speaker 1: that they actually have extra space inside, but of course
Speaker 1: they're not entirely hollow. They have struts, and there are
Speaker 1: some bones that birds have that are not hollow at all.
Speaker 1: They have marrow. They produce the cells, the sort of
Speaker 1: immune cells and blood cells inside of the marrow, just
Speaker 1: as we do. But there are bones in the bird's
Speaker 1: body that are pneumatized that have this sort of bubbly
Speaker 1: space inside, so this allows air to enter the bones,
Speaker 1: and the bones are actually connected to the respiratory system
Speaker 1: through fleshy tub being called diverticula. So the diverticula connect
Speaker 1: to the bird's air sacks and lungs, so the air
Speaker 1: inside the skeleton is connected to the rest of the
Speaker 1: respiratory system, so this air doesn't get stale. It's connected
Speaker 1: to the airflow of the rest of the respiratory system.
Speaker 1: So we actually do have some pneumatized bones in our
Speaker 1: sinuses which helps airflow into our respiratory system. Just the
Speaker 1: difference between us and birds is that birds have these
Speaker 1: air canals throughout their skeletons. Onto the next list and
Speaker 1: heer question. Just finish your episode about extraterrestrial like animals,
Speaker 1: and you mentioned a fact about the platypus that I
Speaker 1: hadn't been aware of. You mentioned that it has the
Speaker 1: ability to sense things by their electrical charges from sensors
Speaker 1: in its bill. Is this the same sensors that sharks
Speaker 1: have the ampules of Lorenzini. I'm one hundred percent certain
Speaker 1: I'm misspelling it, but hopefully you know what I'm talking about. Eh,
Speaker 1: it's a tough word, I understand. Or if it's not
Speaker 1: the same, is it similar? Feel free to use this
Speaker 1: for you listener questions episode. Thanks again for your five
Speaker 1: star podcast. Your fan Dan, Hi, Dan, this is a
Speaker 1: fantastic question. So both sharks and platypuses are capable of
Speaker 1: electro reception, the ability to detect electrical fields. This is
Speaker 1: also true of other animals including echidnas, lungfishes, rays, So
Speaker 1: sharks raise lungfishes, echidnas, and platypuses are capable of what's
Speaker 1: known as passive electrolocation, meaning they have organs that can
Speaker 1: pick up electrical signals without sending anything out. There's also
Speaker 1: something called active electrolocation, which is when the animal generates
Speaker 1: an electrical field and uses that to detect its environment
Speaker 1: through the interference of the electrical field with things in
Speaker 1: its environment such as other animals or obstacles or whatever.
Speaker 1: So this is much like a bat who sends out
Speaker 1: sound a you know, basically a sonar ping that bounce
Speaker 1: off bounces off something in its environment and then they
Speaker 1: listen for it with their ears. These active electrolocation species
Speaker 1: will send out an electrical field and then they sense
Speaker 1: when it bounces back to them as having an interference.
Speaker 1: So animals who do active electrolocation include elephant fish, electric rays, skates,
Speaker 1: electric eels, electric catfishes, and knife fishes. So let's talk
Speaker 1: about the ampulaa of Lorenzini. So ampulae of Lorenzini are
Speaker 1: sensory organs that detect electrical signals, and these are specific
Speaker 1: to sharks, rays, skates, and lungfishes. Platypuses, meanwhile, do have
Speaker 1: electro receptive organs of its own in its bill that
Speaker 1: evolved independently. So these are distinct from the ampulae of Lorenzini,
Speaker 1: but researchers have noted that they are somewhat similar structures,
Speaker 1: and so that actually, I think was one of the
Speaker 1: reasons they were interested in whether these could be capable
Speaker 1: of a lecture reception, So they are somewhat structurally similar.
Speaker 1: The sensory organs and platypuses are actually modified mucous glands.
Speaker 1: So these mucus glands would keep the bill moist, but
Speaker 1: these ones have been modified to actually be able to
Speaker 1: detect electrical pulses. So they are arranged in stripes along
Speaker 1: the bill, which is useful when you're trying to detect
Speaker 1: where the electrical signal is coming from, because you have
Speaker 1: an array of these sensory organs and then you can
Speaker 1: kind of know, like well, which ones are being activated,
Speaker 1: and then you know which direction it's coming from. These
Speaker 1: are then attached to nerves. Now species of Echidna have
Speaker 1: the same system, but it's not nearly as well developed
Speaker 1: as the platypus. Platypuses have around forty thousand electro receptors
Speaker 1: versus echidnas who only have hundreds to a couple thousand.
Speaker 1: It's not super clear how much akinnas use these electroceptors,
Speaker 1: but platypuses definitely use them. And it's helpful for platypuses
Speaker 1: because they live in muddy environments. The waters that they
Speaker 1: swim around and are often muddy and silty, so it
Speaker 1: would be hard to see something your prey like invertebrates, worms,
Speaker 1: small fish, and so they can use this electroception to
Speaker 1: see in otherwise visually unclear environments. Next listener question, Hey Katie,
Speaker 1: it's the puppet person again. Okay, note from me, Katie.
Speaker 1: This is a listener who sent me this amazing photo
Speaker 1: of a drag a massive dragon puppet. It was like
Speaker 1: the size of two people that looked like it was
Speaker 1: made out of coconut crab exoskeletons. Really cool. Love it?
Speaker 1: Love a crab dragon all right. Back to the email.
Speaker 1: I've had an animal question flow. I'm partly formed around
Speaker 1: my head for a while, and today I found a
Speaker 1: way to express it. Why do so many patterns on
Speaker 1: secretors look like the patterns created by the magnetic fields
Speaker 1: in this video? And they linked a really cool looking
Speaker 1: video of I think ferro fluid forming some patterns on
Speaker 1: like this microscope slide in a magnetic field. Back to
Speaker 1: the email. This video is the strongest example I've seen,
Speaker 1: but I've seen similarities while playing with both ferro fluids
Speaker 1: and the way sand arranges itself on a metal plate
Speaker 1: near speaker playing a clear tone. It's possible there is
Speaker 1: no link, but they do seem strikingly similar. I figured
Speaker 1: you have contact with a lot of weird corners of
Speaker 1: the animal world, so might have some answers. Also, we
Speaker 1: made another animal puppet film. This one's about bets. I'm
Speaker 1: going to thoroughly enjoy this bat's videos. Cheers. This is
Speaker 1: from IZZYB. So this is a big question and it
Speaker 1: might be a little over my head because it has
Speaker 1: to do with mathematics, which I'm all right at but
Speaker 1: you know, I'm not a mathematician. In fact, this was
Speaker 1: something that Alan Turing was interested in and came up
Speaker 1: with a theory about regarding zebra fish's patterns. So modern
Speaker 1: biologists have actually looked at Alan Tering's theories there. It's
Speaker 1: very interesting because Alan Turing was definitely on the right track,
Speaker 1: but he was mostly wrong. But it really interestingly he
Speaker 1: was kind of like coincidentally, not not quite coincidentally, but
Speaker 1: like he was, he opened up the path for figuring
Speaker 1: out how this actually works. So basically, there are diffusion
Speaker 1: models based on reaction diffusion of chemicals, like these movements
Speaker 1: of chemicals of the molecules that result in these patterns.
Speaker 1: So in the case of a living organism, it might
Speaker 1: be the cells under development doing some kind of movement
Speaker 1: and there being some kind of pattern of interactions of
Speaker 1: movement of these cells which would result in the generation
Speaker 1: of asymmetrical patterns that we see in fish, in reptiles,
Speaker 1: in you know, so many animals. But in fact, even
Speaker 1: though these patterns look very much like a reaction to
Speaker 1: fusion pattern at least in zebra fish, researchers of you know,
Speaker 1: modern day researchers have found that these are not actually
Speaker 1: the results of cell movement of cells sort of like
Speaker 1: moving around and interacting with each other, but cell growth,
Speaker 1: which is kind of an interesting distinction. So essentially, there
Speaker 1: are rules in the way that developing skin cells and
Speaker 1: pigment cells interact with each other as they're growing and developing,
Speaker 1: and these rules in terms that guides like how these
Speaker 1: cells will interact with each other and grow next to
Speaker 1: each other create these patterns. So it's basically the interference
Speaker 1: of these cells as they're growing and what you see
Speaker 1: with things like magnetic fields, or say you put sand
Speaker 1: on speakers and you see these like sound fields and stuff.
Speaker 1: You're getting kind of interference patterns. So same thing in
Speaker 1: terms of like water or laser. It's not necessarily all
Speaker 1: them following the same rules of interaction. You're gonna have
Speaker 1: different rules with like interference of say photons versus water,
Speaker 1: versus sound waves versus magnetic fields, but they all are
Speaker 1: forming these interference patterns, and it is really interesting that
Speaker 1: you see somewhat similar patterns emerge with interference patterns, even
Speaker 1: though they're maybe following slightly different rules. But yeah, essentially
Speaker 1: probably what's happening with cells and animals. You're getting this
Speaker 1: interference pattern not through movement, but through these rules that
Speaker 1: they follow chemical when they are developing and growing next
Speaker 1: to each other and basically interfering with each other's growth
Speaker 1: and influencing how they grow. It's sort of like there
Speaker 1: was this really old video game, I think just called Life.
Speaker 1: There was just some pixels on the screen, but pixels
Speaker 1: would have just a few simple rules when they would
Speaker 1: like interact with each other and that would result in
Speaker 1: these interesting patterns, and so it's kind of the same
Speaker 1: thing going on here. If there are any like actual
Speaker 1: legit mathematicians out there who study this kind of thing about,
Speaker 1: like or physicians particle physicists, although I do know on
Speaker 1: I guess I could call him up and ask him.
Speaker 1: But yeah, if any of you understand the math or
Speaker 1: the science of interference patterns and you want to write
Speaker 1: into me, I would love to read your perspective, because
Speaker 1: this is definitely a little over my head. But I'm
Speaker 1: hoping I'm giving a decent enough explanation, and I'm you know,
Speaker 1: I'm kind of guessing as well, Like you know, I
Speaker 1: don't know. I just assume that, you know, when you
Speaker 1: have sort of an interference pattern with one thing is
Speaker 1: kind of partially coincidence but partially not coincidence, where you
Speaker 1: have similar patterns emerge from, you know, even different types
Speaker 1: of interference mechanisms. All right, So thank you guys so
Speaker 1: much for your questions. Love answering them before we go.
Speaker 1: I do have so we play game every week called
Speaker 1: Guess Hugh Squawkin the Mystery Animal Sound game. I don't
Speaker 1: want to answer it this time. I want to wait
Speaker 1: until I have a guest on. So sorry for keeping
Speaker 1: you on tinter hooks. I know everyone's biting their nails
Speaker 1: about what animal is making this sound? Just the biggest
Speaker 1: cliffhanger in history. Anyways, here was the hint for the
Speaker 1: last mystery animal sound. Squeakers here doesn't like being handled.
Speaker 1: In fact, his own hands have turned into something else.
Speaker 1: If you can guess who is making that sound, you
Speaker 1: can write to me at Creature Featurepod at gmail dot com.
Speaker 1: Next week, I am probably gonna have a guest on
Speaker 1: the show, so we're going to go back to the
Speaker 1: OG format of the show. But I do these listener
Speaker 1: questions episodes every so often. Again, if you have a
Speaker 1: question that you would like me to answer, you can
Speaker 1: email me at Creature Featurepod at gmail dot com. Thank
Speaker 1: you guys so much for listening. If you're enjoying the
Speaker 1: show and you leave a ratio review, I read every
Speaker 1: single review and I appreciate all the feedback, and thank
Speaker 1: you so much to the Space Classics for theirs super
Speaker 1: awesome song. XO Lumina. Creature Feature is a production of iHeartRadio.
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