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Speaker 1: Hello, and welcome to Saber production of iHeartRadio. I'm Annie

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Speaker 1: Reso and.

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Speaker 2: I'm Lauren Vogelbaum. And today we have a Redux episode

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Speaker 2: for you because we are going to be talking once

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Speaker 2: again about the tomato.

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Speaker 1: Yes, yessous. And then I think this is only the

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Speaker 1: second Redex we've done, Pineapple being the first, uh.

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Speaker 2: Huh yeah, and we we wanted to do this because

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Speaker 2: when we first recorded the Tomato episode, I don't have

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Speaker 2: the date in front of me, but it was early

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Speaker 2: early on, yeah, for first year or first year of recording,

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Speaker 2: and we didn't really have like our pattern down yet,

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Speaker 2: you know. And so I was kind of I was

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Speaker 2: listening to the old episode thinking maybe we could do

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Speaker 2: a classic and then I was like, oh, I'd like to.

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Speaker 2: I'd like to give it another chance, like now that

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Speaker 2: we've you know.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah. And one of the reasons this one came

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Speaker 1: up as a redex was obviously we've missed it. We've

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Speaker 1: had some travel lately. You might have seen some life

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Speaker 1: like a movie, yes, yes, but it was originally when

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Speaker 1: you were asking me about like Mother's Day, I said,

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Speaker 1: my mom she loves tomatoes. She loves tomatoes, and for

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Speaker 1: like every type of gift giving holiday that I have

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Speaker 1: with her. I either give her some kind of new

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Speaker 1: bloody Mary mix or I give her a marinera or

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Speaker 1: some type of tomato based pasta sauce. Because she loves

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Speaker 1: like fresh tomatoes. So if I can find one that

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Speaker 1: is made in Georgia or something like that, and that that's.

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Speaker 2: Like, oh cool, yeah, totally, yes.

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Speaker 1: So for me, And I know that's kind of specific

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Speaker 1: and unique to me and my mom, but that is

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Speaker 1: what I think about a lot when I think about

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Speaker 1: Mother's Day, is what kind of tomato based product I

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Speaker 1: can get her. And we both love tomatoes. Like when

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Speaker 1: I introduced her to a caupraisee salad, it was amazing.

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Speaker 1: She had never heard of it. You love tomatoes and

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Speaker 1: you love mozz reality put them together. They're the best.

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Speaker 2: Yeah. Yeah, yes, I feel that way about a capresee

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Speaker 2: literally every time I eat it, so I'm always so good. Yeah,

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Speaker 2: it's just like, wow, this is ideal. Why Why do

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Speaker 2: I not eat this every day? Yeah? Because tomatoes aren't

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Speaker 2: good every day, you know, like I will hold out

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Speaker 2: for a really good fresh tomato.

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Speaker 1: Yes, And we did talk about that in the old

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Speaker 1: episode where we did and I know we'll talk about

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Speaker 1: that in this, but there has been a lot of

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Speaker 1: kind of like pontification, pontification about grocery store tomatoes essentially, yeah,

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Speaker 1: and not having kind of the flavor that you want.

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Speaker 1: And that's kind of based in wanting to make of

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Speaker 1: a tomato that will travel well and will last longer

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Speaker 1: and all that stuff. But a lot of times the

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Speaker 1: flavor ended up getting lost in that. But yes, that's

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Speaker 1: another thing when we do these redexes, I feel like

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Speaker 1: a lot in the early days, I was so excited

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Speaker 1: to talk about all of my favorite foods. So I

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Speaker 1: feel like a lot of my favorite foods are the

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Speaker 1: ones that need the redocks because I was.

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Speaker 2: Like it was immediately, yeah, let's go. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: Yes, but tomatoes are definitely one of my very favorite,

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Speaker 1: very favorite foods.

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Speaker 2: Oh me too, Me too. Yeah. I have such good

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Speaker 2: childhood memories of we had gardens when we could when

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Speaker 2: I was a kid, and like one of my early

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Speaker 2: formative memories is just like toddling out into the garden

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Speaker 2: and just being like, oh, food grows here, great, and

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Speaker 2: just eating tomatoes like right off the vine. Like if

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Speaker 2: you left me I supervised, I would be in that

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Speaker 2: tomato plant and and my my mom's family had a

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Speaker 2: had a bigger garden and they grew this one specific

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Speaker 2: kind of tomato called an ox heart that I haven't

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Speaker 2: been been able to track down outside of like their

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Speaker 2: garden that I it was. It was big and like

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Speaker 2: botanical heart shaped, like like organ heart shaped and so good,

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Speaker 2: so like savory and lovely and oh yeah, good memories.

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Speaker 1: Yeah yeah, And I I feel like the tomato we

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Speaker 1: could do there's so many offshoes. Oh yeah, that we

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Speaker 1: could do that. It has been incorporated and so and

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Speaker 1: so so many things. But yes, speaking of the ox art,

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Speaker 1: like when we when I was looking back at over

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Speaker 1: this episode, I can see why. There's so many fun

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Speaker 1: things about it, so many fun things about it. And

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Speaker 1: one is that it has gone via these various names

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Speaker 1: over history, like the poisonous apple, the love apple, the

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Speaker 1: wolf peach, the tax evader. I can't wait to talk

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Speaker 1: about that. I can't wait to talk about that pimp.

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Speaker 1: And there are a lot of myths about tomatoes, many

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Speaker 1: of them tied up in racism, sexism, and classism, which

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Speaker 1: we'll discuss, but like it's just this very storied I

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Speaker 1: want to say vegetable.

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Speaker 2: It's culinarily used as a vegetable. You can. I'm not

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Speaker 2: gonna I'm not gonna police you on that. You can, Okay,

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Speaker 2: thank you?

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Speaker 1: But yeah, yeah, and I know, well, I'm pretty sure

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Speaker 1: I mentioned this in the first time we did it.

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Speaker 1: But your story reminds me of I don't know why.

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Speaker 1: Every now and then, some scene in the movie just

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Speaker 1: sticks with me for life, and I can't tell you

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Speaker 1: the reason. But one is the movie Phenomena Unravolta. John

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Speaker 1: Travolta's character has like these magic powers. Sorry, I'm sorry.

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Speaker 2: I was not expecting you in a thousand years to

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Speaker 2: bring up the film. Please continue.

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Speaker 1: Well, he's got these powers and for some reason, at

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Speaker 1: one point, he like because Kira Sedgewick is in it,

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Speaker 1: and he says something about like why do we eat

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Speaker 1: apples like this, like with you know, you hold it

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Speaker 1: in your hand, you bite into it and not tomatoes,

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Speaker 1: and he hands for the tomato she bites into it

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Speaker 1: like an apple. It's like a romantic scene, I guess,

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Speaker 1: but I always it stuck with me clearly. I was like, yeah,

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Speaker 1: why don't I eat to me.

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Speaker 2: Right, Yes, there's a there's a juiciness juiciness issue. I

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Speaker 2: think but yes, but I mean, but we peaches like that,

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Speaker 2: so why not anyway, I don't know, I don't know exactly.

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Speaker 1: Yes, No, Like I got to revisit that movie. I

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Speaker 1: don't think I've seen it so I was like very

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Speaker 1: young anyway, Okay, you can see our past episodes on

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Speaker 1: the Bloody Mary Pizza. I feel like we did a

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Speaker 1: sauce that was some type of tomato sauce, but I

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Speaker 1: couldn't remember what it was.

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Speaker 2: Maybe tka masala maybe maybe. I don't know.

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Speaker 1: I feel like it's come up a lot of times

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Speaker 1: in something that maybe you wouldn't you wouldn't think of

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Speaker 1: it first, but it's there. Yeah, our Campbell's episode Ketchup.

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Speaker 2: Sharon talked about it controversially jambalaya.

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Speaker 1: Oh yes, just even remembering that, Yes, And I'm pretty

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Speaker 1: sure it's come up in a lot more things, but

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Speaker 1: those are some of the big ones. Okay, But I

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Speaker 1: guess this brings us to our question. Sure, yes, tomatoes,

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Speaker 1: what are they?

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Speaker 2: Well? The tomato is a type of, yes, juicy and

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Speaker 2: savory fruit with a thin, edible skin and tiny seeds

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Speaker 2: that's grown in a lot of varieties for a lot

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Speaker 2: of purposes. They can be roundish to oblongish, grape sized

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Speaker 2: to fist sized, tart to sweet, green to yellow to

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Speaker 2: orange to red to like purple so deep that it's

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Speaker 2: nearly black. They're eaten fresh or cooked, and are especially

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Speaker 2: popular in sauces and stews because they do contain a

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Speaker 2: lot of moisture and although they can be fairly firm

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Speaker 2: when they're fresh, especially before they ripen, they do cook

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Speaker 2: down just so soft they sort of like integrate except

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Speaker 2: for those seeds and skin. They're like a fleshy water

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Speaker 2: balloon of flavor.

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Speaker 1: There.

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Speaker 2: They're like they're like a summer sunset at the end

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Speaker 2: of like a long hot day that's just bright and

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Speaker 2: deep and just an edge of like refreshment.

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Speaker 1: Yeah. Yeah, once again, wonderful done. Yeah. It's like because

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Speaker 1: they are they got a lot of that moisture, so

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Speaker 1: they do feel refreshing a lot of times to me

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Speaker 1: when I have them, like, yeah, kind of revitalizing or something.

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Speaker 2: Right, Yeah, and I got that little hint at tart. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: Yes.

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Speaker 2: Botanical name solanum like a persicum. Sure, let's go with that.

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Speaker 2: Tomatoes are part of the night shade family. They're a

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Speaker 2: warm too like temperate weather crop and grow on tender

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Speaker 2: stems that can be either bushy or vine like, but

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Speaker 2: that are not edible. Those stems and leaves don't don't

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Speaker 2: do that. The plants will produce small white to yellow flowers, which,

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Speaker 2: if pollinated, will develop into a fruit that's pale to

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Speaker 2: deep green and tart and sort of crisp while it's

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Speaker 2: still growing, and then will ripen to any warm shade

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Speaker 2: from light yellow to dark purple, and will get softer

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Speaker 2: and sweeter and develop these savory flavors as well as

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Speaker 2: they ripe in and Yes, according to scientific taxonomy, it

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Speaker 2: is a fruit. It grows from the ovary of a flower,

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Speaker 2: and it contains seeds. Technically it's a berry, I know,

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Speaker 2: I know, along with a banana. A banana is also

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Speaker 2: a berry, but according to the law, that can be

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Speaker 2: a totally different story. More on that later on. The

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Speaker 2: tomato is a perennial plant, which means that they will

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Speaker 2: live more than one year. If you like protect them

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Speaker 2: from winter frost. They will not tolerate that, but there

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Speaker 2: They are usually grown as an annual, that is, for

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Speaker 2: a single season, and then replaced with new seeds or

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Speaker 2: new plants. The bushy varieties are usually what's called determinate tomatoes,

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Speaker 2: which means that they fruit all at once, like over

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Speaker 2: the course of a couple weeks at one point in

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Speaker 2: their growing season. The viny ones are usually indeterminate, which

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Speaker 2: means that they will bloom and fruit in these individual

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Speaker 2: little clusters of tomatoes over the course of a season.

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Speaker 2: And throughout history, most of the tomatoes that people ate

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Speaker 2: were what we now call heirloom tomatoes, meaning that they

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Speaker 2: fruit via open pollination and their seeds will generally produce

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Speaker 2: the same fruit as their parents. But lots of the

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Speaker 2: tomatoes that we have in grocery stores today are known

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Speaker 2: as hybrid tomatoes, and they were developed in such a

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Speaker 2: way that they must be carefully pollinated in order to

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Speaker 2: produce standardized fruit or to fruit at all, meaning that

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Speaker 2: if you plant seeds from those, they're not guaranteed to

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Speaker 2: grow any fruit, let alone fruit that resembles their parent plant.

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Speaker 2: The word comes from the Aztec to model, which we

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Speaker 2: did mention in our Bloody Merry episode, and that is

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Speaker 2: said to come from a root for like to swell

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Speaker 2: or to plump, so it means something like the swelling fruit,

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Speaker 2: you know. And the English spelling of tomato is thought

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Speaker 2: to have been influenced by the word potato, which originated

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Speaker 2: in our language a little bit earlier, but like around

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Speaker 2: the same time, because both were being brought to Europe

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Speaker 2: from the Americas by early colonizers. And yeah, they're sometimes

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Speaker 2: harvested when they're still green and firm, especially for dishes

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Speaker 2: like fried green tomatoes, which are slices that are breaded

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Speaker 2: and then deep fried.

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Speaker 1: So good.

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Speaker 2: But more often, yeah, they're harvested ripe and softer, and

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Speaker 2: upon which they can be eaten out of hand or

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Speaker 2: raw chopped into salads or fresh sauces, or as a

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Speaker 2: topping for sandwiches or various dishes. You can blend them

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Speaker 2: into juice of varying thickness and drink it straight or

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Speaker 2: seasoned or in cocktails. They're also cooked into all kinds

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Speaker 2: of sauces and soups and stews and casseroles, sometimes having

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Speaker 2: been skinned and seeded first. And because they can fruit

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Speaker 2: like prolifically and a little bit overwhelmingly, in fact, they

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Speaker 2: are a popular canned good. They can also be processed

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Speaker 2: down into like a thick, flavorful paste, which is absolutely

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Speaker 2: a like secret and heavy scare quotes ingredient to making

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Speaker 2: like everything tastier. Splurge on the good stuff that comes

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Speaker 2: in the tubes that's usually imported. That a little goes

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Speaker 2: a long way. It's worth it, I promise you. But yeah,

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Speaker 2: the world is your tomato.

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Speaker 1: Good tip by recently, time has no meaning. I think

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Speaker 1: a year ago I talked about it on this podcast

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Speaker 1: that I was having a trouble using all my tomato.

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Speaker 1: Yeah yeah, yeah, but okay noted.

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Speaker 2: Yeah yeah, the stuff in the tubes, right, it'll last

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Speaker 2: in your fridge for a good long while, and it's

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Speaker 2: so much better than the stuffing cans. It's so nice.

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Speaker 1: Okay, all right, good tip. Oh well, what about the nutrition.

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Speaker 2: On their own? Tomatoes are pretty good for you. You know,

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Speaker 2: some fiber, lots of micronutrients. They'll help fill you up.

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Speaker 2: But to keep you going, pair with protein and fat,

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Speaker 2: you know. Yeah, so capraisee a salad pretty much perfect,

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Speaker 2: I will say. One of the pigments that's also a

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Speaker 2: nutrient in tomatoes, a red orange colored carotenoid called lycopene,

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Speaker 2: is named after tomatoes botanical name, and licopene is interesting

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Speaker 2: because it doesn't break down during cooking. It rather becomes

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Speaker 2: more bioavailable, which is cool. A lot a lot of things,

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Speaker 2: a lot of things that are good for us will

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Speaker 2: break down a little bit during cooking. So that's rad.

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Speaker 2: And licopene is also what makes things like like watermelon

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Speaker 2: and like pink grapefruit or pink wava those colors. Yeah, okay, yeah,

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Speaker 2: but saber motto. But I mean before ingesting a medicinal

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Speaker 2: quantity of anything. Maybe don't. I don't know.

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Speaker 1: There you go shortening it up today. Yeah, yeah, it's

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Speaker 1: There was definitely a big health pushed around tomatoes when

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Speaker 1: I was in college, so that would have been like

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Speaker 1: twenty eleven on but I remember it, imber. I remember

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Speaker 1: it very clearly, and they were like, get your lycopene.

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Speaker 2: I think that way to get it. That that was

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Speaker 2: right when some of the research about lycopene and bioavailability

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Speaker 2: in cooking was all coming out. So that tracks.

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Speaker 1: Hey, well, what about the numbers. We do have some

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Speaker 1: for you.

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Speaker 2: We do have some numbers because tomatoes are hecking popular.

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Speaker 2: They are one of the largest most lucrative vegetable crops

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Speaker 2: in the world, second only to potatoes and like right

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Speaker 2: up there with like onions and lettuce. As of twenty twenty,

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Speaker 2: nearly one hundred and eighty seven million metric tons of

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Speaker 2: tomatoes we're being produced globally. That's like three hundred and

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Speaker 2: fifty billion pounds, which is an amount of I can't

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Speaker 2: that's more. I can imagine quite a lot, and that's

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Speaker 2: more than I have a really good concept of what

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Speaker 2: that is.

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Speaker 1: Every now and then, Lauren, you quote Star Wars and

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Speaker 1: I don't mean, I don't know that you mean to,

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Speaker 1: but I've just seen Star Wars so much that I'm like, Ay,

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Speaker 1: that was definitely a hand so quote. Right, though I

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Speaker 1: can imagine quite a lot.

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Speaker 2: I wonder, I wonder if I got that from him? Actually,

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Speaker 2: I yeah, huh, you do?

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Speaker 1: You also do everything is fine here a lot? Oh.

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Speaker 1: I try not to like let this intrude on our podcasting,

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Speaker 1: but I guess I'm just gonna do it now. Yeah. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: Occasionally you say a quote and I'm like, is it

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Speaker 1: a quote? Or has she just just as within it?

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Speaker 2: Have I just subsumed it into my being?

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Speaker 1: Yeah?

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Speaker 2: That one I did not, No, not neither of Yeah. Yeah,

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Speaker 2: I didn't intend that one either for sure.

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Speaker 1: Ah well, I.

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Speaker 2: Think I'm thinking about that that that dog in the

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Speaker 2: house that's on fire.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, it's yeah, that's more.

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Speaker 2: That's that's that's what I'm thinking about. But but again, yeah,

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Speaker 2: I watched I watched the original trilogy a lot when

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Speaker 2: I was a kid, so it.

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Speaker 1: Might be back in there.

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Speaker 2: Yeah.

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Speaker 1: It also could just be me. Yeah, both could be true.

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Speaker 2: Any and all of you above. Yeah, sure sure tomatoes. Yes,

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Speaker 2: a full third of that ridiculous amount of production happens

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Speaker 2: in China. Other top producers are India, Turkey, and the US.

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Speaker 2: As of twenty seventeen, though Mexico was the largest exporter.

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Speaker 2: I suspect partially because they export to US and we

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Speaker 2: like tomatoes, followed by the Netherlands and Spain. That same

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Speaker 2: year twenty seventeen, the global industry was worth over five

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Speaker 2: billion dollars, and it is generally an industry that sees

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Speaker 2: increases in value year over year, or has for at

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Speaker 2: least the past like twenty ish years. Here in the States,

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Speaker 2: Florida and California produced two thirds of our fresh tomatoes.

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Speaker 2: California produces ninety five percent of our tomatoes for processing.

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Speaker 2: There are also a lot of tomato festivals around the world.

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Speaker 2: If you have one locally that you have been to

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Speaker 2: and enjoyed, please write in and let us know. Here

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Speaker 2: in Atlanta, we have one called the Attack of the

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Speaker 2: Killer Tomato Festival. It features a lot of local farms

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Speaker 2: and chefs and bartenders. That one's coming up in July.

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Speaker 2: You're smiling, like you've been to it, Annie, Yeah.

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Speaker 1: I have, Yeah, I have. I've been to that. And

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Speaker 1: then there's one in oh gosh, way up north, but

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Speaker 1: it happens whenever that that eclipse happens where we had

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Speaker 1: the office events. Oh yeah, they had like a big

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Speaker 1: tomato festival at this winery up north and like you

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Speaker 1: could get you could pick your own tomatoes, and that's

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Speaker 1: where my mom fell in love with like fresh Mari

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Speaker 1: and Narsa, so that we have a couple of them

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Speaker 1: for sure. I think that the Killer Tomato one. We

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Speaker 1: try to use our name to get free tickets and

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Speaker 1: they're like, no, nah, it was great.

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Speaker 2: I go, yeah, yeah. Podcasting is not the press, that's fair,

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Speaker 2: fair not a journalist it is. However, perhaps the most

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Speaker 2: famous tomato based festival in the world is Lato Matina,

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Speaker 2: which is a tomato food fight that hits the streets

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Speaker 2: of Bugnel, Spain every August. It's been running since like

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Speaker 2: about nineteen forty five. Although it was banned under Franco's

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Speaker 2: regime because it had no religious significance, which I think

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Speaker 2: you could argue with if you wanted to. But since

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Speaker 2: twenty thirteen, it got so big, like forty thousand to

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Speaker 2: fifty thousand people were showing up that they started limiting

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Speaker 2: it to just twenty thousand.

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Speaker 1: They were like, wow, we got to get this under control.

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Speaker 2: Yeah.

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Speaker 1: Yeah.

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Speaker 2: As of twenty fifteen, they brought in some one hundred

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Speaker 2: and thirty tons of tomatoes to throw. The battle only

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Speaker 2: lasts an hour. It is marked at the beginning and

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Speaker 2: the end by the firing of a water cannon. Participants

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Speaker 2: are told to squish the tomatoes before they throw them

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Speaker 2: to like to like, lessen the impact, Keep it friendly,

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Speaker 2: Keep it friendly. Also, they are advised to wear goggles. Also,

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Speaker 2: and I quote from their website, do not miss the

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Speaker 2: polo bomb a greased pole with a Spanish ham at

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Speaker 2: the top. Whoever can climb the pole and get to

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Speaker 2: the ham can keep it.

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Speaker 1: Yay. It's like Bulan but with.

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Speaker 2: Ham and the pole is greased.

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Speaker 1: I love this.

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Speaker 2: Afterwards, they clean out the streets with fire hoses and

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Speaker 2: reportedly the whole town is like real squeaky clean afterwards,

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Speaker 2: because like the acidity of the really does a number

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Speaker 2: on surfaces.

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Speaker 1: Well, if anyone's been, that sounds.

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Speaker 2: Like a delight, yes, I oh my goodness, it sounds

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Speaker 2: like like chaos, like absolute complete chaos. They're like, please,

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Speaker 2: don't try to injure people. Look where you're throwing, like,

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Speaker 2: don't wear any clothing that you don't want destroyed. Please,

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Speaker 2: don't rip anyone else's clothing. That's really rude. Be safe,

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Speaker 2: have fun. I'm just like, wow, it's I. Yes, if

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Speaker 2: you have been, let us know.

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Speaker 1: Oh please, oh please. Okay. So we've made the case

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Speaker 1: that currently tomatoes are quite popular, but they have not

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Speaker 1: always been popular.

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Speaker 2: No, no, and we are going to talk so much

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Speaker 2: about that in the history section, which we are going

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Speaker 2: to get into after a quick break forward from our sponsors,

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Speaker 2: and we're back.

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Speaker 1: Thank you sponsored, Yes, thank you, yes, and and bear

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Speaker 1: with us because this is gonna be a fun yeah.

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Speaker 1: Which of us wrote yes, yes, which we did update

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Speaker 1: it and change some things around, but in the early

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Speaker 1: days it was much less. Uh. Lauren does kind of

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Speaker 1: the science and like what is it? And I do

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Speaker 1: the history sort of like a free.

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Speaker 2: For all, which like that Tomentina like like it was

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Speaker 2: too much chaos, Like I was.

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Speaker 1: Like, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes yes. And also there

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Speaker 1: is a lot of history with the tomato, and this

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00:23:53,200 --> 00:23:56,360
Speaker 1: is already a lot, so again, a lot of side

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Speaker 1: quests we will go down for sure, but okay. The

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00:24:01,320 --> 00:24:04,840
Speaker 1: earliest ancestor of the tomato most likely originated in South

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00:24:04,880 --> 00:24:09,000
Speaker 1: and Central America, where it descended and evolved from the

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Speaker 1: deadly night shade plant over millions of years. In these

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Speaker 1: kind of early days, it was small and probably more

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Speaker 1: yellow than red, and the leaves were slightly poisonous donate those.

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Speaker 1: Around five hundred BCE, the aztect domesticated the tomato and

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Speaker 1: began using it in their cooking and also medicinally, including

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Speaker 1: as say it with me now and for ye yes,

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Speaker 1: or in ceremonies stuff like that. From there, other South

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Speaker 1: and Central American civilizations integrated the tomato into their cuisine.

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Speaker 1: And I feel like we've talked about that quite a bit.

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Speaker 1: And then Christopher Columbus, Yes, that guy probably ran across

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Speaker 1: tomatoes in fourteen ninety three and possibly took them back

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Speaker 1: to Europe depending on the source. Spanish conquistador Hernand Cortes

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Speaker 1: took seeds he retrieved from the fallen Aztec city of

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Speaker 1: tunosh To. Then I've heard a couple of different pronunciations.

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Speaker 1: I'm very sorry, I find butcheringerts are to Europe in

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Speaker 1: fifteen twenty one. Another thing I read said it was

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Speaker 1: Cortes who brought seeds back to Europe after discovering them

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Speaker 1: in Montezuma's garden in fifteen nineteen. Mysteries history, as we say,

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Speaker 1: and there is, there are a lot of mysteries in

401
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Speaker 1: the early history of the tomato. Ull say that, whatever

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Speaker 1: the case, by the fifteen forties Spain was producing tomatoes

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00:25:46,760 --> 00:25:50,159
Speaker 1: and they began spreading them across Europe. They took to

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Speaker 1: Italy particularly well. And then a fifteen forty four Nepalese

405
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Speaker 1: cookbook contained the first known written reference to the tomato.

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Speaker 1: Author Pietro Andre Mattioli classified the tomato as a man

407
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Speaker 1: drake and a night shade, which has been this source

408
00:26:07,640 --> 00:26:13,080
Speaker 1: of confusion, since this was not the best thing to

409
00:26:13,119 --> 00:26:17,399
Speaker 1: be classified as. Italian nobility used the plant as a

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00:26:17,440 --> 00:26:20,960
Speaker 1: table top decoration because they thought it was poisonous. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: because and of this classification.

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Speaker 2: Uh huh, and you know, being kind of metal, they

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Speaker 2: were just like, yeah, like, it's really it's really lulls

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Speaker 2: if we put this poisonous thing on our tables.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, yes, that is one of the most fascinating aspects

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Speaker 1: of humanity in my opinion.

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Speaker 2: Oh yeah, poisonous.

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Speaker 1: I'll put it right here on my table where I eat.

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Speaker 2: Pretty cool.

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Speaker 1: Yeah yeah. The English also largely believed that the tomato

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Speaker 1: was poisonous after the introduction of it in fifteen ninety seven.

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Speaker 1: The word tomato first appeared two years earlier, in fifteen

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Speaker 1: ninety five, from the Spanish word tomat from the Aztec

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00:27:04,160 --> 00:27:09,480
Speaker 1: word tomadel. It wasn't the most flattering mention though, because

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00:27:09,480 --> 00:27:12,119
Speaker 1: again people were kind of there was a lot of

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Speaker 1: as I said, racism and classism tied up into tomato

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00:27:14,720 --> 00:27:17,879
Speaker 1: when it came to Europe and how people were describing it,

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00:27:17,920 --> 00:27:19,520
Speaker 1: and then it was thought to be poisonous. So it

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00:27:19,600 --> 00:27:24,520
Speaker 1: was sort of this strange intersection of Oh I'm I'm

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Speaker 1: rich and I will put it ornamentally on my table

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00:27:27,200 --> 00:27:33,960
Speaker 1: and oh you eat that? Yeah yeah yeah. John Gerard's

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Speaker 1: popular English herbal I always want to say or Well

433
00:27:38,359 --> 00:27:42,639
Speaker 1: Herbal described the tomato as poisonous and quote of rank

434
00:27:42,720 --> 00:27:49,439
Speaker 1: and stinking savor doubt. Yeah, and this is how the

435
00:27:49,480 --> 00:27:52,840
Speaker 1: tomato got one of its nicknames, the poison apple, which

436
00:27:52,880 --> 00:27:59,240
Speaker 1: I think sounds pretty cool, but whatever, right, right, Yes,

437
00:28:00,800 --> 00:28:03,879
Speaker 1: But now we must expand upon why the Europeans thought

438
00:28:04,440 --> 00:28:09,840
Speaker 1: the tomato was poisonous other than the naming shrestem, because

439
00:28:09,840 --> 00:28:11,760
Speaker 1: there were a couple of reasons, although I will say

440
00:28:11,800 --> 00:28:16,720
Speaker 1: most of them are sort of in the realm of speculation. Yes,

441
00:28:16,840 --> 00:28:20,680
Speaker 1: so one of the popular stories you'll hear is wealthy

442
00:28:20,680 --> 00:28:25,080
Speaker 1: Europeans liked to eat off pewter plates, which had a

443
00:28:25,119 --> 00:28:27,440
Speaker 1: lot of lead, and tomatoes have a lot of acid,

444
00:28:27,920 --> 00:28:31,639
Speaker 1: and acid leads to lead leakages, and that leads to

445
00:28:31,960 --> 00:28:37,200
Speaker 1: lead poisoning, which can lead to death sometimes sometimes. However,

446
00:28:37,800 --> 00:28:40,760
Speaker 1: this would have impacted only a pretty small group of people.

447
00:28:42,360 --> 00:28:45,040
Speaker 1: The people who could afford to eat offew they did

448
00:28:45,120 --> 00:28:50,280
Speaker 1: it regularly and had tomatoes. The impoverished or less well

449
00:28:50,280 --> 00:28:54,720
Speaker 1: off would not have had that problem, and people did,

450
00:28:54,960 --> 00:28:59,959
Speaker 1: they did eat tomatoes, particularly in Italy. So it's like,

451
00:29:00,200 --> 00:29:02,560
Speaker 1: maybe that was a piece of it, but that can't

452
00:29:02,560 --> 00:29:03,200
Speaker 1: be the whole.

453
00:29:03,120 --> 00:29:04,200
Speaker 2: It cannot be the whole story.

454
00:29:04,320 --> 00:29:10,920
Speaker 1: No, No, Then there's also a French botanist, Joseph piton

455
00:29:11,120 --> 00:29:15,480
Speaker 1: de four. Okay, so previous botanists had recognized the relationship

456
00:29:15,520 --> 00:29:18,000
Speaker 1: of this tomato to the night Shade family, but in

457
00:29:18,040 --> 00:29:23,239
Speaker 1: the sixteen hundreds Pitton disputed this subclass, instead saying that

458
00:29:23,280 --> 00:29:26,480
Speaker 1: they belonged in a new grouping of plants called leco

459
00:29:26,640 --> 00:29:31,680
Speaker 1: purse sicon. You said it earlier, that thing, sure, yeah, yes,

460
00:29:32,000 --> 00:29:34,680
Speaker 1: which is Greek for wolf.

461
00:29:34,400 --> 00:29:35,720
Speaker 2: Peach, wolf peach.

462
00:29:36,440 --> 00:29:39,720
Speaker 1: I mean the tomato has nicknames like in no other

463
00:29:40,200 --> 00:29:45,840
Speaker 1: is amazing. The term is similar to the old German

464
00:29:46,000 --> 00:29:49,840
Speaker 1: term meaning the same thing. And this whole thing kind

465
00:29:49,840 --> 00:29:53,600
Speaker 1: of stemmed from a belief that people held that members

466
00:29:53,640 --> 00:29:56,640
Speaker 1: of this family, like say wolf Spain or Nightshade, could

467
00:29:56,720 --> 00:29:59,920
Speaker 1: be used to summon noir wolves.

468
00:30:00,240 --> 00:30:04,240
Speaker 2: Oh okay, to summon them, not keep them, not keep

469
00:30:04,240 --> 00:30:04,640
Speaker 2: them away.

470
00:30:06,360 --> 00:30:08,920
Speaker 1: I know, it was kind of it was kind of

471
00:30:08,960 --> 00:30:14,000
Speaker 1: tied up in they were also people thought they were

472
00:30:14,200 --> 00:30:17,200
Speaker 1: used in witchcraft, so it was sort of like tied

473
00:30:17,320 --> 00:30:22,040
Speaker 1: up with summoning werewolves. Aka, maybe witches are able to

474
00:30:22,160 --> 00:30:25,160
Speaker 1: use them to become wolves. So I don't think it's

475
00:30:25,280 --> 00:30:28,840
Speaker 1: quite how we think of were wolves today. Sure, but

476
00:30:30,120 --> 00:30:33,200
Speaker 1: they had a lot of suspicions about about tomatoes and

477
00:30:33,240 --> 00:30:37,800
Speaker 1: wolves and were wolves and witches, because yeah, they were.

478
00:30:38,520 --> 00:30:40,760
Speaker 1: Some of these plants are not the tomato, but some

479
00:30:40,800 --> 00:30:43,880
Speaker 1: of them in that family are hallucinogenic, and so some

480
00:30:43,920 --> 00:30:49,800
Speaker 1: people thought tomatoes were okay, and therefore they got wrapped

481
00:30:49,880 --> 00:30:53,320
Speaker 1: up in the height of witch hunting in Europe when

482
00:30:53,320 --> 00:30:55,920
Speaker 1: many hunters believe that the tomato may be an ingredient

483
00:30:55,960 --> 00:31:01,280
Speaker 1: that witches used for spells and transformation. And it's all

484
00:31:01,360 --> 00:31:05,959
Speaker 1: largely down to that night shade aspect. And yes, uh,

485
00:31:06,360 --> 00:31:12,000
Speaker 1: I don't know how I never put together lycopene likecanthropy.

486
00:31:13,920 --> 00:31:16,440
Speaker 2: It seems obvious when you say wolf peach like that.

487
00:31:16,640 --> 00:31:23,920
Speaker 1: Yeah, it seems obvious when you say wolfach clearly. Yeah.

488
00:31:25,000 --> 00:31:29,440
Speaker 2: Uh. But but like interestingly, like edible, night shades were

489
00:31:29,440 --> 00:31:34,200
Speaker 2: not entirely unknown because eggplants had been brought to Asia

490
00:31:34,240 --> 00:31:35,040
Speaker 2: by birds.

491
00:31:36,160 --> 00:31:36,320
Speaker 1: Uh.

492
00:31:36,480 --> 00:31:38,200
Speaker 2: I mean not like on purpose, you know, like they

493
00:31:38,320 --> 00:31:40,440
Speaker 2: ate them and then pooped the seeds. But uh but yeah,

494
00:31:40,560 --> 00:31:44,960
Speaker 2: but but but people in multiple multiple places, uh had

495
00:31:45,000 --> 00:31:51,600
Speaker 2: domesticated eggplants long before the Colombian Exchange ever started, and

496
00:31:51,640 --> 00:31:54,440
Speaker 2: so eggplants were already part of Italian cuisine by the

497
00:31:54,440 --> 00:32:00,160
Speaker 2: time tomatoes arrived, right, But yeah, there was still this

498
00:32:00,280 --> 00:32:04,680
Speaker 2: kind of confusion, and certainly all the way up in

499
00:32:05,000 --> 00:32:09,560
Speaker 2: seventeen fifty three. Linnaeus, who's the guy who invented like

500
00:32:09,600 --> 00:32:13,200
Speaker 2: the sixth level taxonomy system, did not help because even

501
00:32:13,240 --> 00:32:17,600
Speaker 2: though he reversed Baton's classification, he still kept the name

502
00:32:18,560 --> 00:32:24,160
Speaker 2: the species name leco persecon when he classified tomatoes.

503
00:32:27,880 --> 00:32:32,600
Speaker 1: It's so confusing. And then I just wanted to throw

504
00:32:32,640 --> 00:32:35,000
Speaker 1: out there there is a whole website called tomatoes are Evil.

505
00:32:36,760 --> 00:32:40,000
Speaker 1: Okay it was. I looked over it to make sure

506
00:32:40,000 --> 00:32:41,760
Speaker 1: it's still there, but I didn't get to do a

507
00:32:41,760 --> 00:32:43,920
Speaker 1: deep uy. But when I remember looking into it when

508
00:32:43,960 --> 00:32:46,600
Speaker 1: we first did this, and it was very funny. Also,

509
00:32:46,720 --> 00:32:48,440
Speaker 1: I forgot to mention, I know I mentioned it in

510
00:32:48,440 --> 00:32:50,440
Speaker 1: our Strawberry episode, but I have a friend who won't

511
00:32:50,480 --> 00:32:54,320
Speaker 1: eat tomatoes because she has a fear of eating anything

512
00:32:54,320 --> 00:32:58,480
Speaker 1: with seeds. Oh sure, they're like grow oh within her,

513
00:32:59,200 --> 00:33:03,040
Speaker 1: And I feel like that whole I mean, it's not

514
00:33:03,080 --> 00:33:05,080
Speaker 1: that the tomatoes would be evil in that case, but

515
00:33:05,120 --> 00:33:10,760
Speaker 1: it is kind of creepy that something would grow out

516
00:33:10,800 --> 00:33:12,040
Speaker 1: of you like that. I get it.

517
00:33:12,160 --> 00:33:17,600
Speaker 2: I get Meanwhile, during all of this, there might have

518
00:33:17,760 --> 00:33:22,960
Speaker 2: been some pushback against tomatoes coming down from Christian religious

519
00:33:23,040 --> 00:33:26,120
Speaker 2: leaders because tomatoes are not mentioned in the Bible, so

520
00:33:26,160 --> 00:33:31,640
Speaker 2: they were like, ah, yeah, none of that. Okay. However,

521
00:33:32,600 --> 00:33:36,120
Speaker 2: the French might not have had all of these same

522
00:33:36,480 --> 00:33:39,800
Speaker 2: hang ups because they referred to the tomato as a

523
00:33:40,080 --> 00:33:47,280
Speaker 2: palm d'amour or love apples, and brief aside about the

524
00:33:47,280 --> 00:33:52,080
Speaker 2: etymology of this term in particular, because all right, like

525
00:33:52,200 --> 00:33:56,040
Speaker 2: it's so lovely and it is very debated, and the

526
00:33:56,040 --> 00:34:00,600
Speaker 2: debate is delightful because it hinges on the origins of

527
00:34:00,640 --> 00:34:03,160
Speaker 2: the Italian word for tomato, which is pomodoro.

528
00:34:04,000 --> 00:34:04,360
Speaker 1: Okay.

529
00:34:04,480 --> 00:34:07,480
Speaker 2: So there are two popular stories about how this name

530
00:34:07,720 --> 00:34:12,120
Speaker 2: came about. First, the first one is that it derives

531
00:34:12,160 --> 00:34:17,520
Speaker 2: from palm to oro or the golden apple. As as

532
00:34:17,560 --> 00:34:20,040
Speaker 2: we said right at the top, I think a lot

533
00:34:20,040 --> 00:34:23,319
Speaker 2: of the tomatoes of this time were more yellow than

534
00:34:23,360 --> 00:34:28,239
Speaker 2: red when they were ripe. And adding to that, a

535
00:34:28,360 --> 00:34:32,560
Speaker 2: popular opera in the sixteen hundreds in Italy was called

536
00:34:32,640 --> 00:34:36,160
Speaker 2: Il palmd' oro. It was a story about Eris's golden apple,

537
00:34:36,200 --> 00:34:40,080
Speaker 2: which is inscribed to the most beautiful goddess and causes

538
00:34:40,160 --> 00:34:42,040
Speaker 2: again a lot of chaos, lots of chaos in this

539
00:34:42,080 --> 00:34:45,279
Speaker 2: tomato episode. I love it anyway, So yeah, so the

540
00:34:45,320 --> 00:34:48,400
Speaker 2: phrase palm to' oro was definitely in the public in

541
00:34:48,440 --> 00:34:54,880
Speaker 2: the public's consciousness at this time, but less romantic. Perhaps

542
00:34:54,880 --> 00:35:00,840
Speaker 2: more likely, the name pomadoro might have derived from palmo

543
00:35:01,200 --> 00:35:05,239
Speaker 2: de moro, or the fruit of the Moors, meaning Muslims

544
00:35:05,560 --> 00:35:09,279
Speaker 2: who were kind of known for introducing exotic foods to

545
00:35:09,520 --> 00:35:13,600
Speaker 2: the rest of Europe. Pomeo de moro was also a

546
00:35:13,680 --> 00:35:17,880
Speaker 2: term for eggplants around that time. Believers in each legend

547
00:35:18,280 --> 00:35:22,439
Speaker 2: explain the other one that they don't believe in by

548
00:35:22,520 --> 00:35:29,040
Speaker 2: saying that English historians later mistranslated the entomology, and furthermore,

549
00:35:29,280 --> 00:35:34,320
Speaker 2: believers in both sometimes say that the French mistranslated palmadoro

550
00:35:34,760 --> 00:35:39,360
Speaker 2: to get palm's damour. The story there, which is almost

551
00:35:39,360 --> 00:35:43,200
Speaker 2: certainly apocryphal, goes that a French traveler once asked an

552
00:35:43,239 --> 00:35:47,239
Speaker 2: Italian chef about like a particularly excellent dinner, and when

553
00:35:47,400 --> 00:35:51,880
Speaker 2: the chef started talking about palmod'oro, the French guy like

554
00:35:52,040 --> 00:35:55,840
Speaker 2: misheard and subbed in words from his own language, creating

555
00:35:56,200 --> 00:35:57,120
Speaker 2: palm d'amour.

556
00:36:01,080 --> 00:36:04,319
Speaker 1: Wow, some mistranslations and blame going on.

557
00:36:05,800 --> 00:36:07,080
Speaker 2: I love it, I love it.

558
00:36:07,560 --> 00:36:08,359
Speaker 1: God, I love it.

559
00:36:08,440 --> 00:36:11,920
Speaker 2: Either way, the tomato did grow really well and in

560
00:36:11,960 --> 00:36:14,879
Speaker 2: southern France. It was introduced there by a cultural trade

561
00:36:14,920 --> 00:36:19,399
Speaker 2: with northern Italy, though supposedly the tomato was grown in

562
00:36:19,400 --> 00:36:23,320
Speaker 2: France for like a whole generation as an anti mosquito

563
00:36:23,400 --> 00:36:26,520
Speaker 2: repellent in gardens before anyone was willing to try to

564
00:36:26,520 --> 00:36:26,879
Speaker 2: eat them.

565
00:36:28,760 --> 00:36:34,640
Speaker 1: I can't imagine imagine having such a beautiful mosquito rebellent,

566
00:36:34,719 --> 00:36:40,800
Speaker 1: but right, yeah it yes, also quick marineris side. This

567
00:36:41,040 --> 00:36:44,760
Speaker 1: is kind of where yeah, yeah, this redux the idea

568
00:36:44,840 --> 00:36:48,560
Speaker 1: first started. I'm sure we'll come back to it. But

569
00:36:48,600 --> 00:36:51,680
Speaker 1: there wasn't quite enough for a full episode, it seemed.

570
00:36:51,880 --> 00:36:53,680
Speaker 1: But I bet we could do one on like Tobaino

571
00:36:53,680 --> 00:36:57,800
Speaker 1: based sauces or something like that. So as usual, people

572
00:36:57,880 --> 00:37:00,600
Speaker 1: love to argue about who can claim to be Mari

573
00:37:00,680 --> 00:37:03,480
Speaker 1: and Aara's birthplace, but it's generally believed to have been

574
00:37:03,520 --> 00:37:06,520
Speaker 1: created in southern Italy, though again to me, it just

575
00:37:06,560 --> 00:37:09,239
Speaker 1: makes sense that multiple people's probably came up with this

576
00:37:09,760 --> 00:37:12,600
Speaker 1: around the same time in sixteenth century. Is generally when

577
00:37:12,719 --> 00:37:18,880
Speaker 1: people say it happened. The name translates to seafaring in Italian,

578
00:37:19,080 --> 00:37:22,360
Speaker 1: and historians think that it's because Mari and Eara traveled

579
00:37:22,400 --> 00:37:25,240
Speaker 1: well and went longer without spoiling as compared to something

580
00:37:25,320 --> 00:37:27,840
Speaker 1: like meat, so sailors would mix it with the starch

581
00:37:27,920 --> 00:37:32,120
Speaker 1: like noodles for a filling mill. Oh. I went really

582
00:37:32,160 --> 00:37:34,319
Speaker 1: southern are for a second, but yeah, I mean, that's

583
00:37:34,880 --> 00:37:36,840
Speaker 1: that makes sense to me. But when I read it,

584
00:37:36,840 --> 00:37:41,560
Speaker 1: I was like, oh yeah, Mari and Ara, Yeah yeah,

585
00:37:41,680 --> 00:37:44,160
Speaker 1: So many sailors again coming up in these things.

586
00:37:44,600 --> 00:37:46,640
Speaker 2: Oh yeah, yeah, m hm.

587
00:37:47,800 --> 00:37:51,319
Speaker 1: Slowly, as all of this is going on, Europe as

588
00:37:51,360 --> 00:37:54,359
Speaker 1: a whole started accepting the tomato as a thing that

589
00:37:54,440 --> 00:37:57,000
Speaker 1: could be eaten without killing you. And I guess I

590
00:37:57,000 --> 00:38:01,359
Speaker 1: should specify Europe who weren't people who already had been

591
00:38:01,400 --> 00:38:06,840
Speaker 1: a tomatoes They were poor. It started appearing in the

592
00:38:06,920 --> 00:38:10,759
Speaker 1: eighteenth century British soups and more widely on French men us.

593
00:38:12,080 --> 00:38:15,520
Speaker 1: It made its way to Asia, and it's around this

594
00:38:15,680 --> 00:38:19,160
Speaker 1: time that tomatoes started making some headway in the US,

595
00:38:19,200 --> 00:38:21,759
Speaker 1: thanks in Part two one Thomas Jefferson. Yes, that guy

596
00:38:22,960 --> 00:38:25,719
Speaker 1: has a whole thing about tomatoes and growing tomatoes and

597
00:38:25,719 --> 00:38:27,200
Speaker 1: all this stuff about tomatoes.

598
00:38:28,400 --> 00:38:28,839
Speaker 2: But yeah.

599
00:38:30,120 --> 00:38:33,000
Speaker 1: In seventeen ten, the first known written mention of the

600
00:38:33,000 --> 00:38:37,240
Speaker 1: tomato in North America popped up in William Salmon's Biologica.

601
00:38:38,600 --> 00:38:41,720
Speaker 1: It appeared in a few periodicals in the years following,

602
00:38:41,760 --> 00:38:44,680
Speaker 1: but was still viewed with suspicion. People were still not sure,

603
00:38:45,320 --> 00:38:49,400
Speaker 1: which is interesting again in that way of like colonization globalization,

604
00:38:51,360 --> 00:38:55,560
Speaker 1: people were still not sure about tomatoes, and I guess

605
00:38:55,600 --> 00:39:00,399
Speaker 1: people are like Europeans who came and settled there. As

606
00:39:00,480 --> 00:39:07,520
Speaker 1: as tomatoes green more accepted, a new menace appeared, the

607
00:39:07,640 --> 00:39:14,200
Speaker 1: green tomato worms. Yes, here's the quote. The tomato in

608
00:39:14,280 --> 00:39:17,000
Speaker 1: all of our gardens is infested with a very large,

609
00:39:17,120 --> 00:39:21,399
Speaker 1: thick bodied green worm with oblique white sterrolls along its

610
00:39:21,400 --> 00:39:24,239
Speaker 1: sides and a curved, thorn like horn at the end

611
00:39:24,320 --> 00:39:29,560
Speaker 1: of its back. Mm a menace. Indeed, Ralph Waldo Emerson

612
00:39:29,560 --> 00:39:34,120
Speaker 1: described these worms as quote an object of much terror. Yeah.

613
00:39:34,280 --> 00:39:37,320
Speaker 2: Hate those things, hate them, no use for them, don't

614
00:39:37,360 --> 00:39:37,680
Speaker 2: like them.

615
00:39:37,760 --> 00:39:39,640
Speaker 1: So you you this is resonating with you.

616
00:39:39,920 --> 00:39:45,480
Speaker 2: Yeah, oh yeah, they're actually really pretty. I was like,

617
00:39:45,480 --> 00:39:47,439
Speaker 2: I'm I was like, oh, I like, wow, we get

618
00:39:47,440 --> 00:39:50,040
Speaker 2: out of it stopping to my tomatoes because they will

619
00:39:50,200 --> 00:39:52,920
Speaker 2: they will eat all of your tomatoes. And it's like,

620
00:39:53,000 --> 00:39:54,960
Speaker 2: my guy, you're the size of my finger. How did

621
00:39:55,000 --> 00:39:58,120
Speaker 2: you do that? And it's like burp, I'm sorry. Uh no,

622
00:39:58,280 --> 00:39:59,480
Speaker 2: tomatoes for you.

623
00:40:01,920 --> 00:40:08,719
Speaker 1: Got good taste, I guess. Well. Another account by a

624
00:40:08,760 --> 00:40:11,080
Speaker 1: man who went by okay, so this is one of

625
00:40:11,080 --> 00:40:13,840
Speaker 1: those like hearsay hearsay things. So it was. Another account

626
00:40:14,120 --> 00:40:18,160
Speaker 1: about this worm claimed that a man who was named

627
00:40:18,239 --> 00:40:24,520
Speaker 1: doctor Fuller decried the worm was quote as poisonous as

628
00:40:24,520 --> 00:40:27,360
Speaker 1: a rattlesnake, and that the thing would spit it to

629
00:40:27,360 --> 00:40:32,120
Speaker 1: you and cause immediate swelling. So I mean I wouldn't

630
00:40:32,120 --> 00:40:37,799
Speaker 1: mess with it. No, no, no, no, and then yes.

631
00:40:37,960 --> 00:40:42,880
Speaker 1: Going back to Thomas Jefferson, he really didn't seem to

632
00:40:42,920 --> 00:40:47,080
Speaker 1: fear this worm. He like wrote about it, and apparently

633
00:40:47,320 --> 00:40:51,040
Speaker 1: his daughters and granddaughters liked to use tomatoes and things

634
00:40:51,080 --> 00:40:55,880
Speaker 1: like mbocha. I know it is controversial, and in eighteen

635
00:40:55,960 --> 00:40:58,920
Speaker 1: twenty four speech, Jefferson's son in law said that despite

636
00:40:58,960 --> 00:41:03,880
Speaker 1: being an unknown in for ten years, tomatoes were by

637
00:41:03,920 --> 00:41:06,640
Speaker 1: the time of speech all the rage. Again, this is

638
00:41:06,680 --> 00:41:09,440
Speaker 1: also like a very specific I would assume class and

639
00:41:09,480 --> 00:41:10,440
Speaker 1: bubble of people.

640
00:41:10,280 --> 00:41:13,239
Speaker 2: Subset of society. Yeah sure, yeah, but.

641
00:41:14,800 --> 00:41:19,000
Speaker 1: A good like peek at what was going on. Here's

642
00:41:19,040 --> 00:41:25,600
Speaker 1: another fun story. Uh, okay, So there is this widely

643
00:41:25,640 --> 00:41:29,880
Speaker 1: spread story that in eighteen twenty a guy named Colonel

644
00:41:30,080 --> 00:41:33,320
Speaker 1: Robert Gibbon Johnson decided he was going to eat a

645
00:41:33,400 --> 00:41:38,240
Speaker 1: basket of tomatoes on the courthouse steps in New Jersey,

646
00:41:38,440 --> 00:41:42,560
Speaker 1: and a crowd gathered to watch him slowly die because

647
00:41:42,560 --> 00:41:45,440
Speaker 1: they assumed that's what would happen to him. Yeah, if

648
00:41:45,480 --> 00:41:49,839
Speaker 1: he did so, And when nothing happened, people were like, oh,

649
00:41:49,920 --> 00:41:51,160
Speaker 1: maybe we can eat this thing.

650
00:41:52,000 --> 00:41:54,440
Speaker 2: And that's how tomatoes became a popular food item.

651
00:41:54,560 --> 00:41:58,440
Speaker 1: Yeah, exactly. But apparently he was like known for stunts

652
00:41:58,480 --> 00:42:02,359
Speaker 1: like that, which is sort of like one of the

653
00:42:02,360 --> 00:42:07,880
Speaker 1: reasons this is probably not true, because it is it's widely,

654
00:42:07,920 --> 00:42:12,160
Speaker 1: widely spread, but it's one of those things that got

655
00:42:12,160 --> 00:42:15,280
Speaker 1: presented as historical fact much later, like in the nineteen hundreds,

656
00:42:15,320 --> 00:42:19,920
Speaker 1: I think, but there's no real evidence of it. And

657
00:42:20,560 --> 00:42:22,839
Speaker 1: according to some things I read, the tomato industry wasn't

658
00:42:22,880 --> 00:42:28,400
Speaker 1: even really going in New Jersey at the time, but

659
00:42:28,480 --> 00:42:32,319
Speaker 1: it is. It is really funny and fun Yeah, grain

660
00:42:32,400 --> 00:42:35,200
Speaker 1: of salt like on your tomatoes.

661
00:42:34,920 --> 00:42:38,240
Speaker 2: You go absolutely, yeah, yeah, yeah yeah.

662
00:42:38,640 --> 00:42:41,840
Speaker 1: Bill Yacht Savarin wrote in his eighteen twenty five book

663
00:42:42,200 --> 00:42:45,520
Speaker 1: The Physiology of Taste that the tomato was a newly

664
00:42:45,640 --> 00:42:48,480
Speaker 1: popular thing in Paris at the time. He said that

665
00:42:48,520 --> 00:42:53,040
Speaker 1: it had been almost entirely unknown fifteen years previous, and

666
00:42:53,080 --> 00:42:55,880
Speaker 1: that it was at first very expensive but now common

667
00:42:55,880 --> 00:42:58,839
Speaker 1: in markets. He claimed it was introduced by Paris by

668
00:42:58,840 --> 00:43:01,799
Speaker 1: the influx of people from the south of France during

669
00:43:01,800 --> 00:43:04,680
Speaker 1: the Revolution, and that quote, tomatoes are a great blessing

670
00:43:04,840 --> 00:43:08,120
Speaker 1: to good cookery. They make excellent sausage which go well

671
00:43:08,160 --> 00:43:09,520
Speaker 1: with every kind of meat.

672
00:43:10,400 --> 00:43:11,960
Speaker 2: Yeah agreed, Yeah.

673
00:43:11,960 --> 00:43:16,680
Speaker 1: Yeah, definitely. Thanks in part to canning and to the

674
00:43:16,719 --> 00:43:21,759
Speaker 1: Civil Wars need for canned foods, tomatoes, which were particularly

675
00:43:21,800 --> 00:43:25,000
Speaker 1: suited for being canned, grew in popularity, and this culminated

676
00:43:25,760 --> 00:43:28,919
Speaker 1: until eighteen ninety seven when Joseph Campbell yep that one,

677
00:43:29,080 --> 00:43:32,040
Speaker 1: introduced canned tomato soup. You can see our episode of

678
00:43:32,120 --> 00:43:36,239
Speaker 1: Campbell for more on that. Yep, yep, but yes. A

679
00:43:36,280 --> 00:43:39,640
Speaker 1: couple of years before this, in eighteen eighty seven, a

680
00:43:39,800 --> 00:43:43,280
Speaker 1: US tearff placed a ten percent tax increase on vegetables

681
00:43:43,280 --> 00:43:47,640
Speaker 1: but not fruit, but tomato importer John Nix was not

682
00:43:47,760 --> 00:43:50,360
Speaker 1: having it any suit a port in New York, claiming

683
00:43:50,400 --> 00:43:54,080
Speaker 1: that since tomatoes really were fruit, they should be exempt. Yeah.

684
00:43:54,080 --> 00:43:58,960
Speaker 1: The justice overseeing the case disagreed, writing that vegetables quote

685
00:43:59,200 --> 00:44:02,280
Speaker 1: usually served at in with or after the soup, fish

686
00:44:02,360 --> 00:44:05,080
Speaker 1: or meats, which constitute the principal part of the rapast

687
00:44:05,280 --> 00:44:09,560
Speaker 1: and not like fruits generally as dessert. So he was

688
00:44:09,600 --> 00:44:11,360
Speaker 1: basically like, it's a vegetable.

689
00:44:10,960 --> 00:44:15,360
Speaker 2: Man, No, no, he was yeah, yeah, yeah. The judge

690
00:44:15,400 --> 00:44:20,000
Speaker 2: was like, no, it's a vegetable. This case vegetable acts vegetable.

691
00:44:20,040 --> 00:44:22,360
Speaker 2: It's functionally a vegetable. It's not a fruit. U O

692
00:44:22,560 --> 00:44:26,239
Speaker 2: US taxes. This case went to the Supreme Court, by

693
00:44:26,280 --> 00:44:30,600
Speaker 2: the way, and has influenced a bunch of other cases,

694
00:44:30,760 --> 00:44:33,560
Speaker 2: like a bunch of other tariff cases, specifically like this

695
00:44:33,600 --> 00:44:39,200
Speaker 2: one from twenty thirteen, where an importer of pillows shaped

696
00:44:39,280 --> 00:44:42,560
Speaker 2: like animals argued that they didn't have to pay a

697
00:44:42,600 --> 00:44:45,920
Speaker 2: pillow tariff because the product was a stuffed animal and

698
00:44:45,920 --> 00:44:46,480
Speaker 2: not a pillow.

699
00:44:47,400 --> 00:44:54,520
Speaker 1: Oh wow, but yes.

700
00:44:55,560 --> 00:45:00,479
Speaker 2: This canning technology led to a dramatic increase in the

701
00:45:00,600 --> 00:45:04,919
Speaker 2: use of and demand for tomatoes, which were really too

702
00:45:04,960 --> 00:45:12,480
Speaker 2: delicate to travel at this time. And speaking of the

703
00:45:13,080 --> 00:45:16,759
Speaker 2: United States, in the nineteen hundreds saw breeders like like

704
00:45:16,840 --> 00:45:21,960
Speaker 2: Alexander W. Livingstone, who developed many of the surviving strains

705
00:45:22,040 --> 00:45:26,399
Speaker 2: of what we today call heirloom tomatoes. These folks were

706
00:45:26,480 --> 00:45:31,319
Speaker 2: part of like a larger scientific and agricultural movement to

707
00:45:31,520 --> 00:45:37,880
Speaker 2: categorize and perfect plants and animals for food of all kinds.

708
00:45:38,400 --> 00:45:41,400
Speaker 2: And this is part of where we get like like

709
00:45:41,600 --> 00:45:47,680
Speaker 2: competitive fairs and growing competitions that you know still in

710
00:45:47,719 --> 00:45:50,360
Speaker 2: mostly rural areas today. That that's where a lot of

711
00:45:50,360 --> 00:45:54,560
Speaker 2: those came about. There was this whole to do about

712
00:45:54,600 --> 00:46:02,000
Speaker 2: competitive pigeon breeding in Vienna. Anyway. Yeah, a lot of

713
00:46:01,880 --> 00:46:04,440
Speaker 2: the strains of tomatoes that were developed during this time

714
00:46:05,560 --> 00:46:10,120
Speaker 2: to be the tastiest or biggest, or weirdest, or sturdiest

715
00:46:10,440 --> 00:46:13,920
Speaker 2: or like otherwise superlative. A lot of them have been lost,

716
00:46:14,360 --> 00:46:18,760
Speaker 2: but others were kept and passed down through generations.

717
00:46:19,800 --> 00:46:25,319
Speaker 1: Pretty good use of anyway, I gotta say. Anyway, anyway,

718
00:46:28,480 --> 00:46:30,560
Speaker 1: kind of going back to some of the etymology notes

719
00:46:30,600 --> 00:46:33,959
Speaker 1: you mentioned at the beginning, or by nineteen twenty, hot

720
00:46:34,000 --> 00:46:36,640
Speaker 1: tomato was saying for an attractive lady.

721
00:46:36,800 --> 00:46:38,200
Speaker 2: Oh.

722
00:46:38,600 --> 00:46:38,960
Speaker 1: Yes.

723
00:46:42,840 --> 00:46:48,279
Speaker 2: Circa the nineteen thirties, refrigeration and shipping technologies were improving

724
00:46:48,760 --> 00:46:52,240
Speaker 2: to the point that large scale farms could provide produce

725
00:46:52,320 --> 00:46:57,399
Speaker 2: to wider regions, but most heirloom tomatoes being grown were

726
00:46:57,440 --> 00:47:01,799
Speaker 2: too finicky for that, so agriculture researchers set to the

727
00:47:01,880 --> 00:47:07,319
Speaker 2: task of making sturdier and more uniform tomatoes, and that's

728
00:47:07,360 --> 00:47:11,759
Speaker 2: where our hybrids come from. These strains were developed to

729
00:47:12,160 --> 00:47:15,600
Speaker 2: be more resistant to disease and to have thicker skins

730
00:47:15,640 --> 00:47:20,000
Speaker 2: and brighter colors, making sure that they don't burst during shipping,

731
00:47:20,239 --> 00:47:22,640
Speaker 2: and that they look pretty on store shelves. You know.

732
00:47:23,920 --> 00:47:28,239
Speaker 2: And legend has it that labs instructed their scientists to

733
00:47:28,360 --> 00:47:31,440
Speaker 2: think of what would make a tomato a good projectile

734
00:47:32,040 --> 00:47:34,279
Speaker 2: and then work on developing out traits from there.

735
00:47:35,680 --> 00:47:40,719
Speaker 1: Well, you've set me up perfectly born, because I was

736
00:47:40,840 --> 00:47:46,399
Speaker 1: really curious why in pop culture people throw tomatoes rotten

737
00:47:46,440 --> 00:47:48,840
Speaker 1: tomatoes at performances they don't like.

738
00:47:49,560 --> 00:47:50,040
Speaker 2: Huh huh.

739
00:47:50,080 --> 00:47:55,360
Speaker 1: The website of that name turns out people have never

740
00:47:55,440 --> 00:48:00,120
Speaker 1: really thrown tomatoes, or not in mass anyway, but they

741
00:48:00,120 --> 00:48:04,480
Speaker 1: have thrown peanuts, eggs, jelly beans much later, even at

742
00:48:04,480 --> 00:48:08,399
Speaker 1: a Beatles concert. Okay, And in the in the case

743
00:48:08,440 --> 00:48:12,400
Speaker 1: of this emperor who I don't recognize, venomous snakes, no, no,

744
00:48:12,600 --> 00:48:15,439
Speaker 1: he How do you get the bit of a steak

745
00:48:15,480 --> 00:48:16,959
Speaker 1: and then you got to throw the bit of a snake?

746
00:48:17,800 --> 00:48:19,080
Speaker 2: It seems impractical to me.

747
00:48:19,200 --> 00:48:23,560
Speaker 1: Personally, people are very again, putting something they think is

748
00:48:23,560 --> 00:48:25,840
Speaker 1: poisonous on the table that they eat at. I just

749
00:48:26,200 --> 00:48:31,400
Speaker 1: I don't know, and I guess that story, which just

750
00:48:31,520 --> 00:48:33,920
Speaker 1: reading it, I feel like it's probably not true. But

751
00:48:34,320 --> 00:48:37,440
Speaker 1: apparently it was more at the crowd. They're the snakes

752
00:48:37,440 --> 00:48:40,839
Speaker 1: of the crowd. Oh oh, no, for the Emperor's amusements.

753
00:48:40,880 --> 00:48:45,560
Speaker 1: Oh no, or to clear people out. Wow, yeah, that

754
00:48:45,600 --> 00:48:48,719
Speaker 1: will clear me out right quick. Yeah no, that's the

755
00:48:48,800 --> 00:48:53,000
Speaker 1: second a snake gets thrown at me. I'm gone. I'm good.

756
00:48:54,600 --> 00:48:57,200
Speaker 2: And I like snakes, I'm I do too.

757
00:48:57,320 --> 00:49:00,200
Speaker 1: I just don't want a venomous snake thrown at my face.

758
00:49:00,120 --> 00:49:01,920
Speaker 2: Because the snake isn't going to be happy about being

759
00:49:01,960 --> 00:49:02,880
Speaker 2: airborne anyway.

760
00:49:03,400 --> 00:49:05,440
Speaker 1: Yeah no, no, no, okay, I just told you I

761
00:49:05,560 --> 00:49:11,000
Speaker 1: finally watched snakes on a plane. I no, thanks. So

762
00:49:12,480 --> 00:49:16,160
Speaker 1: there is one known documented case of tomatoes being thrown

763
00:49:16,200 --> 00:49:18,120
Speaker 1: at a performer in the US, where the crowds were

764
00:49:18,920 --> 00:49:24,040
Speaker 1: known as quote the rowdiest of all, and audience members

765
00:49:24,120 --> 00:49:28,000
Speaker 1: showed up with armfuls of food fit for hurling, and

766
00:49:28,040 --> 00:49:31,640
Speaker 1: that included tomatoes. Not just tomatoes, but included tomatoes which

767
00:49:31,640 --> 00:49:36,480
Speaker 1: were cheap, smelly. According to this article, which I guess

768
00:49:36,480 --> 00:49:41,280
Speaker 1: throwing size and made a nice splat on impact. Okay,

769
00:49:42,400 --> 00:49:45,359
Speaker 1: here's a snippet from the eighteen eighty three New York

770
00:49:45,400 --> 00:49:51,920
Speaker 1: Times article detailing performer John Ritchie's harrwing experience. A large

771
00:49:51,960 --> 00:49:55,560
Speaker 1: tomato thrown from the gallery struck him square between the eyes.

772
00:49:55,880 --> 00:49:59,040
Speaker 1: Then the tomatoes flew thick and fast, and Richie fled

773
00:49:59,200 --> 00:50:02,200
Speaker 1: for the stage or the door was locked, and he

774
00:50:02,400 --> 00:50:05,840
Speaker 1: ran the gauntlet for the ticket office through a perfect

775
00:50:05,960 --> 00:50:12,880
Speaker 1: shower of tomatoes. I mean, I'm not encouraging anybody to

776
00:50:12,920 --> 00:50:16,319
Speaker 1: throw things at a performer unless it's requested. But that's

777
00:50:16,320 --> 00:50:16,960
Speaker 1: pretty funny.

778
00:50:17,000 --> 00:50:20,719
Speaker 2: It is as long as is funny, and as long

779
00:50:20,760 --> 00:50:23,640
Speaker 2: as no permanent harm was done. I don't know I

780
00:50:23,680 --> 00:50:26,239
Speaker 2: would be even if even if no physical harm was done,

781
00:50:26,280 --> 00:50:32,320
Speaker 2: I would be permanently scarred by such a such an experience. Yeah,

782
00:50:32,560 --> 00:50:35,520
Speaker 2: oh man, if we, if we ever do live performances,

783
00:50:35,560 --> 00:50:37,160
Speaker 2: please don't throw tomatoes at us.

784
00:50:37,880 --> 00:50:40,880
Speaker 1: No, you can gift us with the tomatoes, YEA happy,

785
00:50:40,920 --> 00:50:45,799
Speaker 1: But don't no throwing the yeah or snakes? Yeah no, no,

786
00:50:48,560 --> 00:50:51,880
Speaker 1: I will say Peta p E. T A did encourage

787
00:50:51,960 --> 00:50:55,520
Speaker 1: the throwing of tomatoes at people wearing fur due to

788
00:50:55,640 --> 00:50:58,680
Speaker 1: their kind of splat factor in the color. And here's

789
00:50:58,680 --> 00:51:02,440
Speaker 1: a quote from them. Fur wearers be warned, vigilante vegetables

790
00:51:02,480 --> 00:51:08,600
Speaker 1: are ready to paint the town red. Okay, speaking of

791
00:51:09,280 --> 00:51:11,880
Speaker 1: Attack of the Killer Tomatoes, the movie came out in

792
00:51:11,960 --> 00:51:15,280
Speaker 1: nineteen seventy eight, and that song has a fun place

793
00:51:15,280 --> 00:51:16,960
Speaker 1: in my heart because we played it every Halloween.

794
00:51:17,120 --> 00:51:26,040
Speaker 2: Oh aw, yeah, yeah.

795
00:51:22,880 --> 00:51:26,680
Speaker 1: I did not remember this, But in nineteen ninety there

796
00:51:26,760 --> 00:51:31,000
Speaker 1: was a mild panic about space tomato mutations when NASA

797
00:51:31,160 --> 00:51:33,440
Speaker 1: sent some tomato seeds to space. The point of that

798
00:51:33,560 --> 00:51:35,759
Speaker 1: article was to prove that, like, we've sent other things

799
00:51:35,800 --> 00:51:38,719
Speaker 1: to space, but the tomato was the one.

800
00:51:38,760 --> 00:51:45,160
Speaker 2: We were like, oh no, yeah, when those cosmic rays

801
00:51:45,160 --> 00:51:47,080
Speaker 2: get ahold of our tomatoes, what's going to happen. Maybe

802
00:51:47,120 --> 00:51:49,320
Speaker 2: it's because of the Killer Tomatoes. Maybe it's because of

803
00:51:49,320 --> 00:51:58,560
Speaker 2: Attack think I think so, yeah, honestly together, yeah it is. Meanwhile, okay,

804
00:51:58,760 --> 00:52:03,960
Speaker 2: So there's been a bunch of genetic research into tomatoes,

805
00:52:04,160 --> 00:52:08,080
Speaker 2: and it turns out that the wild ancestor of all

806
00:52:08,160 --> 00:52:09,920
Speaker 2: of the varieties of tomato that we know and love

807
00:52:09,960 --> 00:52:17,520
Speaker 2: today is a species by the name of Solanum pimpanellafolium,

808
00:52:17,560 --> 00:52:23,760
Speaker 2: known to botanists today as the pimp. It's a fruit

809
00:52:23,880 --> 00:52:26,520
Speaker 2: the size of a pea. It still grows wild in

810
00:52:26,600 --> 00:52:31,239
Speaker 2: Peru and Ecuador. Back in like the forties, Ish the

811
00:52:31,400 --> 00:52:34,480
Speaker 2: pimp was one of the species that researchers drew from

812
00:52:34,640 --> 00:52:39,799
Speaker 2: in developing these hardier strains of tomatoes. There there was

813
00:52:39,840 --> 00:52:45,400
Speaker 2: a widespread push to genetically map the tomato at the time,

814
00:52:46,640 --> 00:52:50,680
Speaker 2: led by one Charles Madera Rick, a biologist who was

815
00:52:50,719 --> 00:52:52,920
Speaker 2: once referred to as a cross between Charles Darwin and

816
00:52:52,960 --> 00:53:00,239
Speaker 2: Indiana Jones right His seed collecting expeditions to South America

817
00:53:00,360 --> 00:53:03,719
Speaker 2: in the forties and fifties, along with advances in genetics

818
00:53:03,800 --> 00:53:07,680
Speaker 2: in the sixties and seventies, led to our current understanding

819
00:53:07,840 --> 00:53:11,200
Speaker 2: of the tomato on like a scientific level, and there

820
00:53:11,320 --> 00:53:15,759
Speaker 2: is still a tomato genetics research center in his name

821
00:53:16,040 --> 00:53:22,960
Speaker 2: at UC Davis. Part of their work has been in

822
00:53:23,080 --> 00:53:29,120
Speaker 2: mapping tomatoes species, various tomato varieties genomes to find out

823
00:53:29,440 --> 00:53:32,560
Speaker 2: what kind of genetic diversity we're dealing with in modern

824
00:53:32,880 --> 00:53:37,400
Speaker 2: wild and cultivated plants. The first full genome for the

825
00:53:37,440 --> 00:53:41,600
Speaker 2: tomato was a Hins variety published. It was published in

826
00:53:41,640 --> 00:53:46,279
Speaker 2: twenty twelve, and as of twenty fourteen, this group had

827
00:53:46,320 --> 00:53:51,200
Speaker 2: sequenced three hundred and sixty varieties of tomatoes and found

828
00:53:51,280 --> 00:53:56,360
Speaker 2: that domestication has depleted the gene pool in a few areas,

829
00:53:56,719 --> 00:54:02,280
Speaker 2: including size, with larger fruit being preferred and with resistance

830
00:54:02,280 --> 00:54:07,359
Speaker 2: to disease with as frequently happens. So, like, what does

831
00:54:07,360 --> 00:54:11,959
Speaker 2: this mean practically, Well, you know, like, genetic diversity is good.

832
00:54:12,640 --> 00:54:17,320
Speaker 2: It allows for happenstance that can create new and excellent traits.

833
00:54:18,040 --> 00:54:21,240
Speaker 2: So so another part of this group's work is they're

834
00:54:21,520 --> 00:54:24,759
Speaker 2: they're trying to to basically like undo some of the

835
00:54:24,800 --> 00:54:33,920
Speaker 2: work that was done in creating and propagating these supermarket hybrids. Yeah, yep. Meanwhile,

836
00:54:34,920 --> 00:54:38,640
Speaker 2: that tough skin that was bred into these modern mass

837
00:54:38,640 --> 00:54:47,200
Speaker 2: marketed tomatoes might be good for something else. Tires, Okay, okay. So,

838
00:54:47,200 --> 00:54:51,040
Speaker 2: so one of the ingredients in rubber tires is this

839
00:54:51,120 --> 00:54:55,120
Speaker 2: type of filler called carbon black that's petroleum based, and

840
00:54:55,160 --> 00:54:58,520
Speaker 2: it makes the rubber more durable. It's about like a

841
00:54:58,560 --> 00:55:01,839
Speaker 2: third of the makeup of your pickle rubber tire. But

842
00:55:01,880 --> 00:55:05,040
Speaker 2: since it's made from crude oil, it's not great for

843
00:55:05,080 --> 00:55:07,600
Speaker 2: the environment, and the price is at the whim of

844
00:55:07,640 --> 00:55:13,439
Speaker 2: the global oil industry, which is whimsical indeed, And since

845
00:55:13,440 --> 00:55:16,000
Speaker 2: We've got more vehicles on the road now more than ever.

846
00:55:16,560 --> 00:55:21,280
Speaker 2: You know, the industry is looking for replacement sources. Research

847
00:55:21,360 --> 00:55:24,759
Speaker 2: team led by Ohio State University published a paper in

848
00:55:24,800 --> 00:55:28,560
Speaker 2: early twenty seventeen about how a mixture of tomato peels

849
00:55:28,920 --> 00:55:33,400
Speaker 2: for stability and eggshells for microstructure like like strength on

850
00:55:33,840 --> 00:55:37,720
Speaker 2: a micro level can replace a portion of carbon black

851
00:55:37,840 --> 00:55:41,759
Speaker 2: in rubber tires. So yeah, I don't know if this

852
00:55:41,840 --> 00:55:45,440
Speaker 2: catches on. It could also help reduce food waste. You know, shells,

853
00:55:45,560 --> 00:55:48,440
Speaker 2: shells from eggs cracked before delivery, tomato skins that go

854
00:55:48,520 --> 00:55:52,200
Speaker 2: unused in the making of processed sauces. They could be

855
00:55:52,200 --> 00:55:53,239
Speaker 2: collected and put to work.

856
00:55:54,719 --> 00:55:55,960
Speaker 1: Yeah, get to work.

857
00:55:55,960 --> 00:56:11,880
Speaker 2: Right, and eggshells earn your keep here and obligatory down notode.

858
00:56:11,960 --> 00:56:15,640
Speaker 2: Projected increases in temperature from global warming has the industry

859
00:56:15,719 --> 00:56:20,120
Speaker 2: concerned that specialty producers like Italy and California might not

860
00:56:20,200 --> 00:56:22,800
Speaker 2: be able to grow as much in the coming decades

861
00:56:22,880 --> 00:56:28,320
Speaker 2: due to restrictions on water use. Yeah.

862
00:56:28,440 --> 00:56:31,480
Speaker 1: Yeah, I feel like I've heard a lot of stories

863
00:56:31,480 --> 00:56:33,600
Speaker 1: about the tomato because I do love the tomato, and

864
00:56:33,719 --> 00:56:36,000
Speaker 1: all some end with kind of like we've lost so

865
00:56:36,080 --> 00:56:40,600
Speaker 1: much of this flavor and also yeah, climate change, but

866
00:56:40,719 --> 00:56:42,880
Speaker 1: I mean you have to talk about those things. Yeah, yeah, no,

867
00:56:43,000 --> 00:56:45,520
Speaker 1: it's I mean, and it's cool that, right, It's really

868
00:56:45,520 --> 00:56:48,399
Speaker 1: cool that those genetics departments are like, Okay, how can

869
00:56:48,520 --> 00:56:51,120
Speaker 1: we like unbork what we have borked? Like like what

870
00:56:51,160 --> 00:56:52,399
Speaker 1: can we what can we do?

871
00:56:52,640 --> 00:56:52,879
Speaker 2: Yeah?

872
00:56:52,960 --> 00:56:55,799
Speaker 1: So's it's really cool. Yeah, there's a lot of cool

873
00:56:55,800 --> 00:56:57,600
Speaker 1: stuff going on with tomato. And as we said, there's

874
00:56:58,040 --> 00:57:01,240
Speaker 1: a million different pathways we could take on this. Yeah,

875
00:57:01,760 --> 00:57:03,239
Speaker 1: I'm sure we'll be we'll be back.

876
00:57:03,400 --> 00:57:06,279
Speaker 2: Oh yes, oh yes, yeah that I I realized that

877
00:57:06,320 --> 00:57:09,640
Speaker 2: I didn't even google tomato world record, so.

878
00:57:10,600 --> 00:57:14,040
Speaker 1: Oh well, now I'm gonna lie away because I can't

879
00:57:14,040 --> 00:57:21,320
Speaker 1: google it myself. I only trust you, Lauren. Well, that's

880
00:57:21,400 --> 00:57:23,400
Speaker 1: that's a fun It's a bright note for us to

881
00:57:23,400 --> 00:57:24,880
Speaker 1: look forward to in the future because I will talk

882
00:57:24,880 --> 00:57:29,240
Speaker 1: about tomatoes all the time. Yes, yes, yes, but that

883
00:57:29,600 --> 00:57:34,200
Speaker 1: brings us to the end of this arito for now. Yes.

884
00:57:34,440 --> 00:57:37,040
Speaker 2: Yes, we do have a tiny bit of a listener

885
00:57:37,040 --> 00:57:38,760
Speaker 2: mail for you though, and we are going to get

886
00:57:38,760 --> 00:57:40,400
Speaker 2: into that as soon as we get back from one

887
00:57:40,400 --> 00:57:51,080
Speaker 2: more quick break for a word from our sponsors, and

888
00:57:51,120 --> 00:57:51,560
Speaker 2: we're back.

889
00:57:51,600 --> 00:57:54,440
Speaker 1: Thank you, som Yes, thank you, and we're back with

890
00:58:03,040 --> 00:58:07,400
Speaker 1: that one. We should have recorded video one. That's that

891
00:58:07,640 --> 00:58:10,560
Speaker 1: was a shame that no one will see that.

892
00:58:10,960 --> 00:58:14,760
Speaker 2: Yeah, there's a lot of genuine flapping panic.

893
00:58:15,760 --> 00:58:20,320
Speaker 1: It was if tomatoes are flying at me. Oh yeah,

894
00:58:20,480 --> 00:58:24,680
Speaker 1: I'd be out, I'd be out of town. So today,

895
00:58:24,720 --> 00:58:26,600
Speaker 1: because this episode has gone a bit long, we're just

896
00:58:26,640 --> 00:58:31,480
Speaker 1: going to read one actual physical letter that I have.

897
00:58:33,200 --> 00:58:40,600
Speaker 1: So we got a note from a listener named Ethan Fidida,

898
00:58:40,840 --> 00:58:42,720
Speaker 1: and I hope I'm not bettering your name. Feel free

899
00:58:42,760 --> 00:58:46,640
Speaker 1: to send me a strongly worded correct but please be

900
00:58:46,800 --> 00:58:50,400
Speaker 1: kind because I really like you, in part because you

901
00:58:50,560 --> 00:58:55,040
Speaker 1: sent us some receas after Lauren had mentioned that you

902
00:58:55,160 --> 00:58:58,960
Speaker 1: never had any, and it just so just so happened

903
00:58:58,960 --> 00:59:04,800
Speaker 1: to coincide with Ethan opening up a Herisa business. And

904
00:59:04,920 --> 00:59:07,800
Speaker 1: I promise we have not seen each other since I

905
00:59:07,840 --> 00:59:11,680
Speaker 1: received the shipment Lauren, but I have not eaten your portion,

906
00:59:11,800 --> 00:59:12,280
Speaker 1: nor will it.

907
00:59:12,440 --> 00:59:15,760
Speaker 2: Okay, I'm keeping an eye one.

908
00:59:16,400 --> 00:59:18,320
Speaker 1: Yeah, I could take a picture and send it to you,

909
00:59:18,360 --> 00:59:20,320
Speaker 1: but it would feel kind of like a hostage picture,

910
00:59:20,400 --> 00:59:21,920
Speaker 1: so it probably won't.

911
00:59:21,680 --> 00:59:22,280
Speaker 2: Say thank you.

912
00:59:23,360 --> 00:59:27,480
Speaker 1: Yes, but we did want to shout out Ethan for

913
00:59:28,200 --> 00:59:31,200
Speaker 1: I've tried it. I've tried the spicy one because he

914
00:59:31,280 --> 00:59:36,800
Speaker 1: sent us spicy and regular non spicy, and I haven't

915
00:59:36,840 --> 00:59:38,840
Speaker 1: tried the nine spicy one. But the spicy one is

916
00:59:38,920 --> 00:59:42,280
Speaker 1: very great. It is spicy, but we love spicy. Yeah, yeah, yes,

917
00:59:42,360 --> 00:59:43,960
Speaker 1: I put it in my polinsa. I did a nice

918
00:59:43,960 --> 00:59:48,920
Speaker 1: little squirrel. It was very very good. But here is

919
00:59:48,920 --> 00:59:52,479
Speaker 1: Ethan's letter that he sent. Hope you and Lauren enjoy

920
00:59:52,560 --> 00:59:55,200
Speaker 1: my Harisa. It's a more modern take on the North

921
00:59:55,200 --> 00:59:58,160
Speaker 1: African classic, inspired by my now ninety eight year old

922
00:59:58,160 --> 01:00:01,680
Speaker 1: grandma's mcgreby cooking. I love using it in a bunch

923
01:00:01,720 --> 01:00:04,400
Speaker 1: of ways, as a condiment on a breakfast sandwich or

924
01:00:04,400 --> 01:00:07,520
Speaker 1: on some eggs, as a marinade for a variety of proteins,

925
01:00:07,800 --> 01:00:11,360
Speaker 1: roasted with root vegetables, or to kick up soups and stews.

926
01:00:11,680 --> 01:00:14,600
Speaker 1: The sky is the limit. Please let me know what

927
01:00:14,640 --> 01:00:17,360
Speaker 1: you think and let me know what recipes you use

928
01:00:17,400 --> 01:00:21,240
Speaker 1: it with or on. I'm interested to see how it resonates.

929
01:00:21,480 --> 01:00:24,800
Speaker 1: As I mentioned, I'm days away from finally launching via

930
01:00:24,920 --> 01:00:27,480
Speaker 1: e comm store, so your feedback and hopefully a shout

931
01:00:27,480 --> 01:00:32,840
Speaker 1: out it would be awesome, and so yes, happy to

932
01:00:32,880 --> 01:00:35,160
Speaker 1: shout it out. It was very good. And also Ethan

933
01:00:35,280 --> 01:00:40,000
Speaker 1: sent a link to because the grandmother he mentioned, her

934
01:00:40,120 --> 01:00:43,800
Speaker 1: image is on the logo of these products, is like

935
01:00:43,840 --> 01:00:46,040
Speaker 1: her story is printed on it. And he did a

936
01:00:46,040 --> 01:00:50,680
Speaker 1: whole story about like grandmother's hands. Oh yeah, yeah, yeah,

937
01:00:50,720 --> 01:00:52,440
Speaker 1: And it was a really good It was a really

938
01:00:52,480 --> 01:00:55,480
Speaker 1: good read and with excellent photography. So I recommend that.

939
01:00:56,560 --> 01:01:00,360
Speaker 1: And so the store is el Fassi E l f

940
01:01:00,600 --> 01:01:06,720
Speaker 1: A s s y Lfossefoods dot com. And yeah, we

941
01:01:06,960 --> 01:01:09,920
Speaker 1: he sent his product, but this is not a sponsor.

942
01:01:09,920 --> 01:01:12,480
Speaker 2: Not an app, just just a human who we like.

943
01:01:12,680 --> 01:01:16,280
Speaker 1: Yeah, yes, and it was very good and I can't

944
01:01:16,280 --> 01:01:18,640
Speaker 1: wait to share it with you, Lauren, the jar that

945
01:01:18,720 --> 01:01:21,160
Speaker 1: I will not eat. That is reserved for you.

946
01:01:23,120 --> 01:01:26,000
Speaker 2: And you alone, all right, looking forward to it. Excellent.

947
01:01:26,320 --> 01:01:29,280
Speaker 1: Yes, yes, so thank you, thank you, Thank you very much, Ethan.

948
01:01:30,640 --> 01:01:33,600
Speaker 1: And we'll get back to more listener mail in the

949
01:01:33,640 --> 01:01:39,760
Speaker 1: next episode when our redex doesn't go long. Yes, absolutely, yes, yes, yes,

950
01:01:40,440 --> 01:01:42,040
Speaker 1: and you can send that listener mail to us. We

951
01:01:42,040 --> 01:01:43,959
Speaker 1: would love to hear from you. Our email is Hello

952
01:01:44,000 --> 01:01:45,240
Speaker 1: at savorpod dot com.

953
01:01:45,440 --> 01:01:48,400
Speaker 2: We're also on social media. You can find us on Twitter, Facebook,

954
01:01:48,480 --> 01:01:50,960
Speaker 2: and Instagram at saber pod. And we do hope to

955
01:01:50,960 --> 01:01:53,960
Speaker 2: hear from you. Savor is production of iHeartRadio. For more

956
01:01:53,960 --> 01:01:56,840
Speaker 2: podcasts from my heart Radio, you can visit the iHeartRadio app,

957
01:01:57,080 --> 01:01:59,920
Speaker 2: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.

958
01:02:00,320 --> 01:02:03,040
Speaker 2: Thanks as always to our super producers Dylan Fagan and

959
01:02:03,040 --> 01:02:05,400
Speaker 2: Andrew Howard. Thanks to you for listening, and we hope

960
01:02:05,400 --> 01:02:14,400
Speaker 2: that lots more good things are coming your way