1 00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:01,920 Speaker 1: This Day in History Class is a production of I 2 00:00:02,040 --> 00:00:07,840 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hello everyone, I'm Eves. Welcome to this Day 3 00:00:07,840 --> 00:00:10,680 Speaker 1: in History class, where we take a tiny bite of 4 00:00:10,760 --> 00:00:23,960 Speaker 1: history every day. Today is October eleventh, nineteen. The day 5 00:00:24,079 --> 00:00:29,960 Speaker 1: was October eleventh. The Second Boer War began after Britain 6 00:00:30,000 --> 00:00:33,680 Speaker 1: rejected the Transpall Ultimatum, which said that the British stopped 7 00:00:33,720 --> 00:00:37,400 Speaker 1: building up their forces in the region. The conflict was 8 00:00:37,440 --> 00:00:40,520 Speaker 1: between the British Empire and the self governing Boer states 9 00:00:40,560 --> 00:00:44,400 Speaker 1: of the Transpall Republic and the Orange Free State. It 10 00:00:44,520 --> 00:00:47,880 Speaker 1: is also called the Anglo Boer War, the South African War, 11 00:00:48,000 --> 00:00:52,240 Speaker 1: and simply the Boer War. The word Boar means farmer 12 00:00:52,320 --> 00:00:56,320 Speaker 1: and Dutch in Afrikaans. The Boars were South Africans of Dutch, 13 00:00:56,400 --> 00:01:00,200 Speaker 1: German or huge Not descent, specifically those who call an Eyes, 14 00:01:00,240 --> 00:01:04,600 Speaker 1: the Transfall and the Orange Free State. Today, South Africans 15 00:01:04,640 --> 00:01:09,319 Speaker 1: of European descent who speak Afrikaans are called Africanners. The 16 00:01:09,360 --> 00:01:12,080 Speaker 1: Cape Colony was under Dutch rule for much of the 17 00:01:12,120 --> 00:01:15,760 Speaker 1: seventeenth and eighteen centuries, but in eighteen o six it 18 00:01:15,800 --> 00:01:19,160 Speaker 1: became a British possession as a result of the Napoleonic Wars. 19 00:01:20,040 --> 00:01:23,160 Speaker 1: The Boars, who had often been hostile and violent toward 20 00:01:23,200 --> 00:01:27,839 Speaker 1: indigenous Africans and the colonial government, grew to oppose British rule. 21 00:01:28,600 --> 00:01:32,520 Speaker 1: They were unhappy with Britain's liberal policies, especially as anti 22 00:01:32,520 --> 00:01:36,759 Speaker 1: slavery ones. The Boyars began an exodus into the Southern 23 00:01:36,840 --> 00:01:41,440 Speaker 1: African interior known as the Great Trek, displacing and killing 24 00:01:41,480 --> 00:01:45,839 Speaker 1: many locals along the way. They soon founded the independent 25 00:01:45,959 --> 00:01:49,280 Speaker 1: states that became known as the South African Republic a 26 00:01:49,440 --> 00:01:53,840 Speaker 1: k A trans Fall, and the Orange Free State. The 27 00:01:53,840 --> 00:01:57,520 Speaker 1: Boyars chose to live rural, agrarian lifestyles with a near 28 00:01:57,560 --> 00:02:01,800 Speaker 1: subsistence economy, so when diamonds and gold were found in 29 00:02:01,840 --> 00:02:05,760 Speaker 1: the land, they occupied. The British and other outside interests 30 00:02:05,800 --> 00:02:09,920 Speaker 1: exploited the resources and built mines. The British and the 31 00:02:09,919 --> 00:02:12,800 Speaker 1: Boars in the region were at odds while both of 32 00:02:12,800 --> 00:02:18,320 Speaker 1: those groups oppressed indigenous peoples. Afrikaners saw themselves as pioneers 33 00:02:18,360 --> 00:02:22,560 Speaker 1: who resisted British rule and the savagery of the supposedly 34 00:02:22,760 --> 00:02:26,680 Speaker 1: inferior black South Africans, and they saw themselves as the 35 00:02:26,840 --> 00:02:30,960 Speaker 1: rightful owners of the territory they had invaded. The late 36 00:02:30,960 --> 00:02:34,600 Speaker 1: eighteen hundreds also saw the Scramble for Africa, or the 37 00:02:34,720 --> 00:02:40,080 Speaker 1: invasion and colonization of African territory by European powers. In 38 00:02:40,160 --> 00:02:45,360 Speaker 1: eighteen seventy seven, Britain annex Transfall, but the Boars resisted. 39 00:02:46,160 --> 00:02:49,320 Speaker 1: By eighteen eighty the First Boar War between the UK 40 00:02:49,800 --> 00:02:53,720 Speaker 1: and the Transfall Boars had begun, and in eighteen eighty 41 00:02:53,760 --> 00:02:57,760 Speaker 1: one the British recognized the South African Republic, though it 42 00:02:57,880 --> 00:03:02,160 Speaker 1: was kept under British suzerainty. Though the London Convention of 43 00:03:02,240 --> 00:03:05,840 Speaker 1: eighteen eighty four provided for full independence and self government 44 00:03:05,840 --> 00:03:08,959 Speaker 1: in the South African Republic, the state still had to 45 00:03:09,000 --> 00:03:11,960 Speaker 1: get permission from the British government to enter into a 46 00:03:12,000 --> 00:03:16,360 Speaker 1: treaty with anyone besides the Orange Free State, so tensions 47 00:03:16,400 --> 00:03:20,160 Speaker 1: remained between Britain and the South African Republic, and the 48 00:03:20,240 --> 00:03:23,200 Speaker 1: discovery of gold deposits in the viz Waters Front, a 49 00:03:23,280 --> 00:03:26,720 Speaker 1: ridge in the Transfall, made the Republic a potential threat 50 00:03:26,760 --> 00:03:31,359 Speaker 1: to British dominance in South Africa. Europeans began migrating to 51 00:03:31,440 --> 00:03:35,840 Speaker 1: Transfall to work in mines. Cecil Rhodes, prime Minister of 52 00:03:35,840 --> 00:03:39,280 Speaker 1: the Cape Colony, tried to overthrow the Transpall government in 53 00:03:39,320 --> 00:03:43,280 Speaker 1: a filled plot called the Jameson Raid. This insided African 54 00:03:43,360 --> 00:03:46,680 Speaker 1: or nationalism, and the Transfall formed an alliance with the 55 00:03:46,680 --> 00:03:50,840 Speaker 1: Orange Free State. Escalating tensions led to the outbreak of 56 00:03:50,840 --> 00:03:54,120 Speaker 1: the Second Boer War on October eleventh, eighteen ninety nine. 57 00:03:55,200 --> 00:03:59,280 Speaker 1: Britain had rejected the Transfall Ultimatum, which said that all 58 00:03:59,320 --> 00:04:01,880 Speaker 1: disputes but between the Orange Free State and the trans 59 00:04:01,920 --> 00:04:05,480 Speaker 1: Ball had to be settled by arbitration, that British troops 60 00:04:05,480 --> 00:04:09,240 Speaker 1: on the borders had to be withdrawn, and that troops 61 00:04:09,240 --> 00:04:13,400 Speaker 1: headed to South Africa by ship should not disembark. The 62 00:04:13,440 --> 00:04:17,080 Speaker 1: Second Boer War was a violent conflict. Though the Bowers 63 00:04:17,120 --> 00:04:20,080 Speaker 1: were well armed and had early victories, they were soon 64 00:04:20,160 --> 00:04:25,200 Speaker 1: overwhelmed by large numbers of British soldiers. Black Africans also 65 00:04:25,240 --> 00:04:27,840 Speaker 1: participated in the war on the side of the Bowers 66 00:04:27,960 --> 00:04:31,679 Speaker 1: and the British. The British annexed the Orange Free State 67 00:04:31,800 --> 00:04:35,760 Speaker 1: and the Transfall in nineteen hundred. Though the British did 68 00:04:35,839 --> 00:04:39,160 Speaker 1: get help in their military efforts from other colonies and countries, 69 00:04:39,560 --> 00:04:42,440 Speaker 1: there was plenty of opposition to their action from within 70 00:04:42,720 --> 00:04:46,799 Speaker 1: and outside of the British Empire. As the Boers continued 71 00:04:46,839 --> 00:04:51,120 Speaker 1: to fight as guerillas. The British resisted them, destroyed civilian 72 00:04:51,160 --> 00:04:56,159 Speaker 1: farms and put their families into concentration camps. Black Africans 73 00:04:56,200 --> 00:05:00,040 Speaker 1: were also put in concentration camps. The war end in 74 00:05:00,360 --> 00:05:03,240 Speaker 1: nineteen o two, when the boar Is surrendered and signed 75 00:05:03,240 --> 00:05:06,760 Speaker 1: the Treaty of Farina king The Union of South Africa, 76 00:05:06,960 --> 00:05:10,560 Speaker 1: including the former Boer Republics, was formed in nineteen ten 77 00:05:11,120 --> 00:05:15,800 Speaker 1: as a self governing dominion of the British Empire. I'm 78 00:05:15,839 --> 00:05:18,320 Speaker 1: Eves Jeff Coo, and hopefully you know a little more 79 00:05:18,360 --> 00:05:22,080 Speaker 1: about history today than you did yesterday. If you know 80 00:05:22,160 --> 00:05:25,200 Speaker 1: you already spend too much time on social media, spend 81 00:05:25,240 --> 00:05:28,080 Speaker 1: some of that time with us at t d i 82 00:05:28,520 --> 00:05:33,960 Speaker 1: h C podcast on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. We also 83 00:05:34,080 --> 00:05:38,200 Speaker 1: accept electronic letters at this day at i heart media 84 00:05:38,320 --> 00:05:42,440 Speaker 1: dot com. Thanks for going on this trip through history 85 00:05:42,440 --> 00:05:48,400 Speaker 1: with us. We'll see you again tomorrow with another episode. 86 00:05:50,560 --> 00:05:52,880 Speaker 1: For more podcasts from I Heeart Radio, visit the iHeart 87 00:05:52,920 --> 00:05:55,400 Speaker 1: Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your 88 00:05:55,400 --> 00:05:56,080 Speaker 1: favorite shows.