1 00:00:08,400 --> 00:00:10,600 Speaker 1: Hello, and welcome to Saber production of I Heart Radio. 2 00:00:10,640 --> 00:00:13,119 Speaker 1: I'm Annie Reese and I'm Lauren Vogelbaum, and today we 3 00:00:13,200 --> 00:00:20,320 Speaker 1: have an episode for you about blueberries. Yes, I love blueberries. Oh. 4 00:00:20,360 --> 00:00:22,200 Speaker 1: I think this is the most excited I've heard you 5 00:00:22,200 --> 00:00:25,400 Speaker 1: about an episode in a minute. Oh they're my top 6 00:00:25,440 --> 00:00:31,840 Speaker 1: tiny blueberries, yes, yes, oh yeah. It was. One of 7 00:00:31,880 --> 00:00:36,279 Speaker 1: the many nicknames I've picked up over the years is blueberries. Yeah, 8 00:00:36,320 --> 00:00:40,800 Speaker 1: because of mainly late night excursions to eye Hop, because 9 00:00:40,800 --> 00:00:43,160 Speaker 1: you can you go for breakfast, you go at night? 10 00:00:43,720 --> 00:00:47,960 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, yeah. And I would order double blueberry pancakes 11 00:00:48,159 --> 00:00:50,960 Speaker 1: and top them with blueberry syrup. And usually when I 12 00:00:51,000 --> 00:00:52,640 Speaker 1: did this, I was wearing this huge hoody. I know 13 00:00:52,680 --> 00:00:55,520 Speaker 1: you've seen it, honest, this huge Georgia tech hoodie that 14 00:00:55,560 --> 00:00:57,800 Speaker 1: I have. It's navy blue. It makes me look like 15 00:00:57,840 --> 00:01:04,600 Speaker 1: the person from Willie Want Violet Violet. You're turning Violet Violet. Yeah. 16 00:01:04,680 --> 00:01:06,560 Speaker 1: I always want to save Rucas Salt. I think it's 17 00:01:06,600 --> 00:01:08,520 Speaker 1: because I know this only name I know, but I 18 00:01:08,560 --> 00:01:11,319 Speaker 1: know it's not her. Yeah, Violet is an easy name 19 00:01:11,360 --> 00:01:17,560 Speaker 1: to remember, so I don't know what my problem is. Um. Yeah, 20 00:01:17,560 --> 00:01:19,080 Speaker 1: And I love them so much. Out a friend. She 21 00:01:19,080 --> 00:01:22,400 Speaker 1: would make this special blueberry pie gesture me every year, 22 00:01:23,360 --> 00:01:24,800 Speaker 1: but then she would have to take me for a 23 00:01:24,800 --> 00:01:27,080 Speaker 1: walk like a child because I would get so hyper. 24 00:01:27,840 --> 00:01:31,360 Speaker 1: And this was in college. I would get so hyper. 25 00:01:32,040 --> 00:01:35,360 Speaker 1: M Yeah, and I when I got back from China, 26 00:01:36,200 --> 00:01:37,839 Speaker 1: when I first hung out with a group of friends, 27 00:01:38,080 --> 00:01:39,520 Speaker 1: they text me and they're like, what are the things 28 00:01:39,560 --> 00:01:42,319 Speaker 1: you've missed You've been gone for like a year. Now 29 00:01:42,319 --> 00:01:43,440 Speaker 1: that you're back in the US, what do you want? 30 00:01:43,520 --> 00:01:50,320 Speaker 1: And I said, cheese and blueberries. It was great, I believe. 31 00:01:50,480 --> 00:01:53,080 Speaker 1: I mean, blueberries go really well. Cheese. I mean, cheese 32 00:01:53,120 --> 00:01:56,240 Speaker 1: goes really well with pretty much everything. But that's been 33 00:01:56,280 --> 00:02:01,400 Speaker 1: my experience to Lauren, And yeah, when I was growing up, 34 00:02:01,400 --> 00:02:04,160 Speaker 1: we had these blueberry bushes all around our house and 35 00:02:04,200 --> 00:02:07,720 Speaker 1: we would go blueberry picking and it was the best. Um. 36 00:02:07,960 --> 00:02:11,440 Speaker 1: They were so good, they were so so sweet. Yeah, 37 00:02:11,600 --> 00:02:13,200 Speaker 1: I do feel like it is in a lot of 38 00:02:13,200 --> 00:02:17,880 Speaker 1: summer desserts here in the United States. Um. Also blueberry muffins. 39 00:02:17,880 --> 00:02:19,600 Speaker 1: Those are so good. I could go on and on 40 00:02:19,639 --> 00:02:22,399 Speaker 1: and on. I have to slp, but no, they're they're 41 00:02:22,440 --> 00:02:25,200 Speaker 1: they're great addition to baked goods. I yeah, and ah, there, 42 00:02:25,240 --> 00:02:27,800 Speaker 1: I don't think that there is anything on this planet 43 00:02:27,840 --> 00:02:32,120 Speaker 1: that I enjoy more than picking a berry off of 44 00:02:32,160 --> 00:02:37,000 Speaker 1: a bush and then eating it. Yeah, immediately, like it 45 00:02:37,160 --> 00:02:40,360 Speaker 1: is just the absolute best thing on the planet. And 46 00:02:40,720 --> 00:02:44,920 Speaker 1: uh and and yeah, I oh, um, we we have 47 00:02:45,000 --> 00:02:50,640 Speaker 1: a we have a very sad potted blueberry plant in 48 00:02:50,639 --> 00:02:54,480 Speaker 1: in this household. Um, it does fruit, but I don't 49 00:02:54,520 --> 00:02:56,320 Speaker 1: think that we're treating it well enough to get it 50 00:02:56,360 --> 00:03:03,520 Speaker 1: to like fruit. Well. Um um yeah berries, yeah, yeah, 51 00:03:03,560 --> 00:03:06,639 Speaker 1: they're they're they're disappointed in us, to be honest, Um, 52 00:03:06,840 --> 00:03:15,799 Speaker 1: but feel blue Oh no, um, this is this is 53 00:03:15,840 --> 00:03:20,000 Speaker 1: another character in our in our cartoon, comic strip, etcetera. 54 00:03:22,760 --> 00:03:25,280 Speaker 1: I think I'll go a lot of our characters are 55 00:03:26,360 --> 00:03:30,760 Speaker 1: sad and we're troubled. So I don't know what that says. 56 00:03:30,520 --> 00:03:35,960 Speaker 1: I don't know blueberry will fit right in. I don't 57 00:03:36,120 --> 00:03:40,560 Speaker 1: care to to investigate that venue of my inner psyche today. 58 00:03:40,600 --> 00:03:45,160 Speaker 1: Thank you, Lauren. Why are you making all these food 59 00:03:45,200 --> 00:03:50,240 Speaker 1: products depressed? I'm like, I'm sure, I'm sure it's fine, 60 00:03:53,040 --> 00:04:00,280 Speaker 1: definitely fine. I feel like toastmasters a cheerful character just state. 61 00:04:00,320 --> 00:04:03,320 Speaker 1: I mean, I wouldn't say he's like the most stable 62 00:04:03,880 --> 00:04:08,640 Speaker 1: of our food based individuals, but uh, Um, if y'all 63 00:04:08,760 --> 00:04:12,560 Speaker 1: don't remember all of this back back when we did 64 00:04:12,880 --> 00:04:16,479 Speaker 1: jelly Donuts, I think that was the instigation of this. 65 00:04:16,680 --> 00:04:20,120 Speaker 1: We we, I say we, but I think it's mostly 66 00:04:20,160 --> 00:04:22,839 Speaker 1: Annie came up with this character of the dunker, who's 67 00:04:22,880 --> 00:04:29,200 Speaker 1: this doughnut, who's who's a cop who you know has 68 00:04:29,200 --> 00:04:35,000 Speaker 1: a bite taken out of stuff? Seen some stuff? Uh, 69 00:04:35,040 --> 00:04:40,320 Speaker 1: and then all of these other characters kind of spot anyway. Um. Blueberries, Yeah, 70 00:04:40,360 --> 00:04:43,440 Speaker 1: I like them. Um. I have family up in New 71 00:04:43,480 --> 00:04:46,960 Speaker 1: Hampshire and they grow, Um, they have wild blueberries all 72 00:04:47,000 --> 00:04:50,200 Speaker 1: all around um their area, and so I've gone picking 73 00:04:50,200 --> 00:04:52,440 Speaker 1: with them and sometimes they'll send me like a little 74 00:04:52,520 --> 00:04:55,600 Speaker 1: jar of jam at Christmas and it's the best jam 75 00:04:55,760 --> 00:05:01,000 Speaker 1: all Um. I idore it ido love berry sounds amazing. 76 00:05:01,320 --> 00:05:06,480 Speaker 1: That sounds so good. Um. Since nineteen seventy four, July, 77 00:05:06,839 --> 00:05:09,320 Speaker 1: which is the month we're in as we record this, 78 00:05:09,360 --> 00:05:13,680 Speaker 1: so we've done it again, Laura has been designated as 79 00:05:13,760 --> 00:05:20,599 Speaker 1: National Blueberry Months. So timely, timely, yes, And I guess 80 00:05:20,600 --> 00:05:29,400 Speaker 1: that brings us to our question blueberries what are they? Well? 81 00:05:30,040 --> 00:05:34,039 Speaker 1: Blueberries are for once pretty much what they say on 82 00:05:34,080 --> 00:05:36,880 Speaker 1: the package. They are blue in color and they are 83 00:05:37,160 --> 00:05:41,039 Speaker 1: berries that's such a relief. I feel like all the time, 84 00:05:42,160 --> 00:05:43,840 Speaker 1: like the berry part is the part. I would be like, 85 00:05:43,880 --> 00:05:46,479 Speaker 1: it's not really a the berries and the nuts. To 86 00:05:46,560 --> 00:05:50,159 Speaker 1: be honest, UM, I googled this to make super extra 87 00:05:50,240 --> 00:05:54,839 Speaker 1: double sure about three seconds ago. We've been burned before. 88 00:05:56,320 --> 00:06:03,479 Speaker 1: Strawberries bananas, what are you doing? Um? You can see 89 00:06:03,480 --> 00:06:06,000 Speaker 1: our episodes on those if you want to. Strawberries are 90 00:06:06,040 --> 00:06:10,640 Speaker 1: not berries, Bananas are. It's a wacky world in at 91 00:06:10,640 --> 00:06:13,479 Speaker 1: any rate. Um. Yeah, blueberries. Yeah, there's just a whole 92 00:06:13,520 --> 00:06:16,839 Speaker 1: bunch of species and varieties of blueberries, all in the 93 00:06:16,960 --> 00:06:20,560 Speaker 1: genus Vacinini. Um. Yeah, we'll go with that. Um. It's 94 00:06:20,560 --> 00:06:24,239 Speaker 1: a broad genus that also includes stuff like cranberries, lincoln berries, 95 00:06:24,279 --> 00:06:27,839 Speaker 1: some types of huckleberries. Um. The blueberry plant is a 96 00:06:27,839 --> 00:06:30,320 Speaker 1: deciduous shrub that can grow up to a couple of 97 00:06:30,320 --> 00:06:32,960 Speaker 1: feet um, usually like less than a meter tall. And 98 00:06:32,960 --> 00:06:35,880 Speaker 1: we'll grow these these pretty little sprays of frilly bell 99 00:06:36,000 --> 00:06:39,640 Speaker 1: shaped flowers that, when pollinated, will each develop into a 100 00:06:39,839 --> 00:06:43,599 Speaker 1: globe or sort of squished globe shaped fruit with a 101 00:06:43,640 --> 00:06:46,200 Speaker 1: little star shaped crown where the fruit connects to the 102 00:06:46,240 --> 00:06:50,640 Speaker 1: stem um. There were apparently previously called starberries. Way back 103 00:06:50,640 --> 00:06:53,920 Speaker 1: in the day. Oh that's so pretty. Yeah, that sounds 104 00:06:53,960 --> 00:06:57,719 Speaker 1: like I'm playing a final fancy seven game or something. Right, Yeah, 105 00:06:57,760 --> 00:06:59,280 Speaker 1: that sounds like a food item that's going to give 106 00:06:59,279 --> 00:07:03,479 Speaker 1: you the good bonus us right. Oh yeah. Um. The 107 00:07:03,560 --> 00:07:06,600 Speaker 1: fruit will develop from green to uh to pink to 108 00:07:06,760 --> 00:07:09,680 Speaker 1: red to blue violet as they ripen, and will reach 109 00:07:09,720 --> 00:07:12,080 Speaker 1: anywhere from like a quarter inch to about an anch 110 00:07:12,160 --> 00:07:15,080 Speaker 1: in diameter. Um, that's like half a centimeter to about 111 00:07:15,120 --> 00:07:19,280 Speaker 1: two centimeters m, with a really thin edible skin surrounding 112 00:07:19,320 --> 00:07:22,679 Speaker 1: a kind of meally to juicy flesh that contains several 113 00:07:22,760 --> 00:07:26,120 Speaker 1: tiny seeds called nutlets. Um. The register is like a 114 00:07:26,160 --> 00:07:28,920 Speaker 1: fine grit, you don't really notice them. And the fruit 115 00:07:29,040 --> 00:07:32,400 Speaker 1: ranges from sweet to sweet tart to like pretty tart. Um. 116 00:07:32,600 --> 00:07:35,920 Speaker 1: It's a kind of intense but pleasant flavor burst in 117 00:07:35,960 --> 00:07:39,000 Speaker 1: your mouth when you bite through the skin. They typically 118 00:07:39,000 --> 00:07:41,440 Speaker 1: flour um by mid to late spring. The fruit will 119 00:07:41,480 --> 00:07:44,320 Speaker 1: be ripe by mid to late summer. Well, like I said, 120 00:07:44,360 --> 00:07:46,960 Speaker 1: they do need to be pollinated in order to develop 121 00:07:47,040 --> 00:07:51,520 Speaker 1: fruit and seeds, and um, they are best pollinated by 122 00:07:51,520 --> 00:07:55,720 Speaker 1: by wild bees rather than honey bees or other pollinators. 123 00:07:55,720 --> 00:07:58,800 Speaker 1: And so there's been a lot of research recently into 124 00:07:59,120 --> 00:08:02,920 Speaker 1: how the general you of insecticides has has affected certain 125 00:08:02,960 --> 00:08:07,760 Speaker 1: species of blueberries. Um. There's even a couple species of 126 00:08:07,920 --> 00:08:11,840 Speaker 1: wild bees that are specifically referred to as blueberry bees. 127 00:08:13,120 --> 00:08:18,119 Speaker 1: Oh cool, yeah yeah, um, and and there's even there's 128 00:08:18,200 --> 00:08:22,440 Speaker 1: even this special move that um, bumble bees and blueberry 129 00:08:22,440 --> 00:08:28,440 Speaker 1: bees will do called buzz pollination, which be aside, so 130 00:08:28,480 --> 00:08:31,040 Speaker 1: they so the so these two types of bees and 131 00:08:31,080 --> 00:08:33,440 Speaker 1: they haven't really witnessed this and other types of bees, 132 00:08:33,600 --> 00:08:36,120 Speaker 1: um will kind of go up to to this bell 133 00:08:36,160 --> 00:08:39,040 Speaker 1: shaped blueberry flower um that you know, has like a 134 00:08:39,040 --> 00:08:42,719 Speaker 1: relatively narrow opening, and they'll kind of grab on to 135 00:08:42,880 --> 00:08:46,000 Speaker 1: the pollen bearing bits of the of the flower in 136 00:08:46,000 --> 00:08:49,040 Speaker 1: inside of the petals and then just vibrate their little 137 00:08:49,080 --> 00:08:53,240 Speaker 1: bodies like real hard, just poofing this cloud of pollen 138 00:08:53,760 --> 00:08:58,640 Speaker 1: out of the flowers and on to themselves. I know, 139 00:09:00,200 --> 00:09:05,640 Speaker 1: sounds so cute. I love it. Um yeah, and so 140 00:09:05,679 --> 00:09:10,800 Speaker 1: apparently it's it's real effective at producing pollination and I 141 00:09:12,440 --> 00:09:16,480 Speaker 1: b aside, yeah, always excited about it. Yes, there so cool. 142 00:09:16,960 --> 00:09:20,200 Speaker 1: Oh so see our honey episode for more on that. 143 00:09:21,679 --> 00:09:24,479 Speaker 1: Uh yeah, and you can you can grow new blueberry 144 00:09:24,520 --> 00:09:28,120 Speaker 1: plants either by seed or by cuttings. UM. Different varieties 145 00:09:28,160 --> 00:09:31,000 Speaker 1: go to different uses. Wild types are often a little 146 00:09:31,040 --> 00:09:33,720 Speaker 1: smaller and tarder, and so they'll go to processing to 147 00:09:33,760 --> 00:09:36,640 Speaker 1: be frozen or canned or dried. That may or may 148 00:09:36,640 --> 00:09:37,840 Speaker 1: not be what winds up in a lot of your 149 00:09:37,840 --> 00:09:42,120 Speaker 1: process bait goods. UM. Some cultivars are even used ornamentally um. 150 00:09:42,160 --> 00:09:44,600 Speaker 1: And even I've read are really good for like Bond's 151 00:09:44,640 --> 00:09:49,960 Speaker 1: eye type applications. So yeah, I don't know, but yes, 152 00:09:50,040 --> 00:09:52,880 Speaker 1: the resulting fruit can um. You know, it's it's small 153 00:09:53,000 --> 00:09:55,280 Speaker 1: enough to be like a handheld snack, so they're often 154 00:09:55,280 --> 00:09:58,679 Speaker 1: eat and out of hand, but can also be processed 155 00:09:58,760 --> 00:10:02,480 Speaker 1: into jams or jellies or baked goods. You can make 156 00:10:02,840 --> 00:10:06,280 Speaker 1: make make wine and other alcohols from them. You can 157 00:10:06,360 --> 00:10:11,959 Speaker 1: add them to smoothies or whatever you want. I think 158 00:10:11,960 --> 00:10:17,520 Speaker 1: that there's fewer generally fewer savory applications for blueberries than 159 00:10:17,720 --> 00:10:21,440 Speaker 1: than sweet applications. But but yeah, I mean they would 160 00:10:21,440 --> 00:10:26,280 Speaker 1: go great in a salad or something like that. Yeah. Um, 161 00:10:26,360 --> 00:10:28,000 Speaker 1: they have a lot of flavor for like a really 162 00:10:28,000 --> 00:10:34,040 Speaker 1: small berry. Um. And I probably point seven to ten 163 00:10:34,120 --> 00:10:40,000 Speaker 1: years where every day for breakfast I eat yogurt, blueberries 164 00:10:40,120 --> 00:10:43,840 Speaker 1: and honey. Yeah, oh yeah, oh I love, oh I 165 00:10:44,000 --> 00:10:48,600 Speaker 1: love a fresh blueberry and some yogurt mm hmm, just 166 00:10:48,600 --> 00:10:53,880 Speaker 1: a little snap and pop and yes, oh no, I 167 00:10:53,880 --> 00:10:56,559 Speaker 1: need to go buy some blueberries. Okay, I know, I know. 168 00:10:57,880 --> 00:11:01,960 Speaker 1: What about the nutrition? Blueberries are pretty good for you. Um. 169 00:11:02,000 --> 00:11:04,959 Speaker 1: They contain very little fat, a bunch of sugar and fiber, 170 00:11:05,200 --> 00:11:08,600 Speaker 1: good pops of vitamins and minerals. Um. You know, you 171 00:11:08,600 --> 00:11:11,160 Speaker 1: know they will help fill you up. But to keep 172 00:11:11,200 --> 00:11:13,600 Speaker 1: you going, I would say to add some some protein 173 00:11:13,679 --> 00:11:17,640 Speaker 1: and a fat to the mix in there. And okay, 174 00:11:17,880 --> 00:11:24,040 Speaker 1: so we'll get into why this happened during our history outline, 175 00:11:24,760 --> 00:11:28,400 Speaker 1: but suffice it to say for right now that you 176 00:11:28,440 --> 00:11:36,160 Speaker 1: have probably heard that blueberries are a super fruit. Sounds 177 00:11:36,200 --> 00:11:38,960 Speaker 1: kind of menacing when you say it like that. Um 178 00:11:39,440 --> 00:11:42,080 Speaker 1: did I should? I should have been more that blueberries 179 00:11:42,120 --> 00:11:47,360 Speaker 1: are a super fruit. Yeah, I'm not telling you how 180 00:11:47,400 --> 00:11:51,240 Speaker 1: to interpret. Somewhere in between. I feel somewhere in between 181 00:11:51,240 --> 00:11:56,719 Speaker 1: about it. Um. But okay. So in the nineties and 182 00:11:56,760 --> 00:11:59,599 Speaker 1: early two thousand's a lot was made of blueberries in 183 00:11:59,640 --> 00:12:02,840 Speaker 1: the media because of this research into the amount of 184 00:12:03,160 --> 00:12:08,800 Speaker 1: anthocyanins that they contain and anti synons are these compounds 185 00:12:08,840 --> 00:12:12,559 Speaker 1: that are responsible for the deep red to purple pigmentation 186 00:12:12,640 --> 00:12:17,200 Speaker 1: of blueberries, cranberries, blackberries, stuff like that. And anti syonins 187 00:12:17,240 --> 00:12:22,520 Speaker 1: also happened to have a really high capacity as antioxidants UM, 188 00:12:22,559 --> 00:12:24,680 Speaker 1: which means that um that they are a type of 189 00:12:24,720 --> 00:12:28,760 Speaker 1: molecule that can help prevent certain types of damage to 190 00:12:28,960 --> 00:12:33,079 Speaker 1: cells um to to like bodily cells, and therefore can 191 00:12:33,160 --> 00:12:37,200 Speaker 1: sometimes help prevent diseases and conditions that could result from 192 00:12:37,280 --> 00:12:41,160 Speaker 1: damage to your cells UM. And blueberries do contain a 193 00:12:41,160 --> 00:12:44,360 Speaker 1: lot like over two to three times more than other 194 00:12:44,440 --> 00:12:48,000 Speaker 1: common fruits like plums or grapes or raspberries. The thing 195 00:12:48,120 --> 00:12:51,840 Speaker 1: is is that the initial research that this was based 196 00:12:51,880 --> 00:12:56,840 Speaker 1: on was just on the composition of blueberries, not on 197 00:12:57,040 --> 00:13:00,000 Speaker 1: how much of what's in them actually gets used by 198 00:13:00,080 --> 00:13:05,079 Speaker 1: your body when you eat them. So they they're not 199 00:13:05,160 --> 00:13:09,400 Speaker 1: like they're really not like, oh it's such a super food, 200 00:13:09,679 --> 00:13:13,280 Speaker 1: holy heck, but they're still good for you. Um. You know, 201 00:13:14,320 --> 00:13:17,439 Speaker 1: research is ongoing. Uh. What it looks like as of 202 00:13:17,880 --> 00:13:21,560 Speaker 1: nineteen m according to the best medical research reviews that 203 00:13:21,720 --> 00:13:24,560 Speaker 1: I could find, is that like, there's good evidence that 204 00:13:24,640 --> 00:13:29,000 Speaker 1: incorporating blueberries into your diet can help prevent stuff like 205 00:13:29,040 --> 00:13:33,440 Speaker 1: cardiovascular disease UM can help improve like glucose and insulin 206 00:13:33,440 --> 00:13:36,560 Speaker 1: related functions UM or at least help make it not 207 00:13:36,679 --> 00:13:40,559 Speaker 1: get worse. That that. Blueberries do have some anti inflammatory 208 00:13:40,600 --> 00:13:44,679 Speaker 1: and proimmune system effects when you eat them, possibly because 209 00:13:44,679 --> 00:13:47,760 Speaker 1: of like gut microflora and stuff like that. Really fun um. 210 00:13:48,280 --> 00:13:51,439 Speaker 1: Kind of kind of too deep for for right now. Um, 211 00:13:51,480 --> 00:13:54,839 Speaker 1: but yeah, as of right now, Uh, moderate intake is 212 00:13:54,880 --> 00:13:58,120 Speaker 1: thought to be not a bad idea. If if if 213 00:13:58,120 --> 00:14:00,000 Speaker 1: you had like maybe like a third of a cup 214 00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:04,360 Speaker 1: of blueberries a day, if if you enjoy doing that, um, 215 00:14:04,440 --> 00:14:08,440 Speaker 1: and you know it might help you mitigate the risk 216 00:14:08,480 --> 00:14:15,240 Speaker 1: of some conditions related to to the above. So there 217 00:14:15,240 --> 00:14:22,680 Speaker 1: you go. There you go, clear, clear as a blueberry. Um. 218 00:14:22,720 --> 00:14:25,040 Speaker 1: You know, it's it's it's it's always. It's always a 219 00:14:25,080 --> 00:14:28,400 Speaker 1: Saber motto, you know, like I, human bodies are complicated. 220 00:14:28,400 --> 00:14:32,640 Speaker 1: More research is necessary before ingesting a medicinal amount of anything. 221 00:14:32,800 --> 00:14:35,760 Speaker 1: Consulted doctor. Um, but yeah, like a third a cup 222 00:14:35,800 --> 00:14:39,640 Speaker 1: of day of blueberries probably probably good for you, certainly 223 00:14:39,720 --> 00:14:44,400 Speaker 1: not going to hurt you. Check with your doctor. It 224 00:14:44,400 --> 00:14:46,160 Speaker 1: feels like a challenge now, I'm thinking of all the 225 00:14:46,160 --> 00:14:52,600 Speaker 1: ways blueberries could aren't you well, oh, Gosh, this isn't 226 00:14:52,640 --> 00:14:58,120 Speaker 1: like Annie, you would make such a good genie I would. 227 00:14:58,920 --> 00:15:03,280 Speaker 1: You're like, well, what about the choking hazard? Didn't think 228 00:15:03,280 --> 00:15:06,560 Speaker 1: of that, Nengia, You didn't think this one through or 229 00:15:06,560 --> 00:15:13,760 Speaker 1: this very obscure fact why I'm a dungeon master. Uh, 230 00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:18,120 Speaker 1: we do have some numbers for you. We do. We 231 00:15:18,160 --> 00:15:23,640 Speaker 1: do so largely in part to what Lauren was just 232 00:15:23,760 --> 00:15:28,680 Speaker 1: talking about about this like super food belief. Blueberry popularity 233 00:15:29,280 --> 00:15:33,240 Speaker 1: is on the rise. The blueberry industry is estimated to 234 00:15:33,240 --> 00:15:36,600 Speaker 1: be worth about two hundred and fifty million dollars. From 235 00:15:36,640 --> 00:15:41,520 Speaker 1: two thousand five, global blueberry production tripled, which I find 236 00:15:41,520 --> 00:15:45,240 Speaker 1: really interesting because this takes place in like North America mostly. 237 00:15:45,400 --> 00:15:49,080 Speaker 1: But yeah, um, since two thousand and eight, consumption of 238 00:15:49,120 --> 00:15:52,200 Speaker 1: blueberries has doubled in the US, and US per capital 239 00:15:52,240 --> 00:15:55,120 Speaker 1: consumption is about three pounds. I think the comparison though 240 00:15:55,200 --> 00:15:59,880 Speaker 1: is strawberries is seven to nine. Okay, Yeah. The US 241 00:16:00,080 --> 00:16:05,000 Speaker 1: Canada combined eat about seventies six percent of global blueberry exports, 242 00:16:05,240 --> 00:16:07,680 Speaker 1: and the US is the largest global producer with six 243 00:16:08,440 --> 00:16:14,880 Speaker 1: million pounds. As it is also the largest importer. About 244 00:16:14,880 --> 00:16:19,600 Speaker 1: twenty seven countries cultivate blueberries commercially, so Yeah, a lot 245 00:16:19,600 --> 00:16:23,720 Speaker 1: of blueberries getting getting eaten in Canada and the US. Yep, yep, 246 00:16:23,840 --> 00:16:26,000 Speaker 1: we like them, we like them. I did not realize 247 00:16:26,040 --> 00:16:30,240 Speaker 1: exactly how regional that this is one of the first 248 00:16:30,240 --> 00:16:31,880 Speaker 1: ones that I think I was surprised by that. I 249 00:16:31,960 --> 00:16:35,120 Speaker 1: that I just didn't know that it wasn't that blueberries 250 00:16:35,160 --> 00:16:40,640 Speaker 1: weren't such a thing, right, me too, me too. More widespreadly, Yeah, 251 00:16:41,600 --> 00:16:44,320 Speaker 1: about fifty percent of the blueberry crop in North America 252 00:16:44,680 --> 00:16:50,040 Speaker 1: is frozen. Okay, and so a lot of states. I'm 253 00:16:50,080 --> 00:16:52,840 Speaker 1: putting a disclaimer here because I know there are other 254 00:16:52,880 --> 00:16:58,280 Speaker 1: states that could have mentioned this. Minnesota is already mad 255 00:16:58,320 --> 00:17:02,520 Speaker 1: at you. Minnesota is at I didn't mention Georgia or 256 00:17:02,640 --> 00:17:06,800 Speaker 1: South Carolina anyway, Okay, I'm talking about states that are 257 00:17:06,880 --> 00:17:10,199 Speaker 1: very excited about blueberries. Um. So, one of them is 258 00:17:10,240 --> 00:17:14,480 Speaker 1: North Carolina. Big Blueberry State is their highest ranked fruit crop, 259 00:17:14,640 --> 00:17:18,280 Speaker 1: worth about fifty to seventy million dollars. There's a North 260 00:17:18,320 --> 00:17:22,600 Speaker 1: Carolina Blueberry Council incorporated UM that many of the growers 261 00:17:22,680 --> 00:17:28,000 Speaker 1: belong to. There's a North Carolina Blueberry Festival. New Jersey 262 00:17:28,480 --> 00:17:32,080 Speaker 1: also big blueberry State. Hammonton, New Jersey, home of the 263 00:17:32,119 --> 00:17:36,159 Speaker 1: Atlantic Blueberry Company, calls itself the blueberry capital of the World. 264 00:17:37,640 --> 00:17:42,119 Speaker 1: The business has one thousand acres of blueberries and the 265 00:17:42,119 --> 00:17:49,160 Speaker 1: blueberries New Jersey's state fruit. But don't forget Maine. They're 266 00:17:49,160 --> 00:17:52,320 Speaker 1: actually the world's largest producer of low brush or wild blueberries, 267 00:17:52,640 --> 00:17:55,600 Speaker 1: churning out ninety million pounds of blueberries a year. Their 268 00:17:55,600 --> 00:18:00,679 Speaker 1: official state berries the wild blueberry. Yeah, blueberry pie is 269 00:18:00,720 --> 00:18:06,000 Speaker 1: their official state dessert. And uh, however, um, climate change 270 00:18:06,119 --> 00:18:11,000 Speaker 1: and the aforementioned pollination issues are really affecting crop yields there. 271 00:18:11,080 --> 00:18:14,960 Speaker 1: As of mains wild blueberry crop was just of forty 272 00:18:15,040 --> 00:18:18,040 Speaker 1: seven point four million pounds, which is the lowest in 273 00:18:18,160 --> 00:18:21,320 Speaker 1: sixteen years. It's like half of what it used to be. 274 00:18:21,840 --> 00:18:25,159 Speaker 1: Mm hmm. A portion of the wild blueberries harvested in 275 00:18:25,200 --> 00:18:28,760 Speaker 1: Maine are grown by Native American tribes. Some have recently 276 00:18:28,760 --> 00:18:31,680 Speaker 1: sounded the alarm about the increased demand, especially in terms 277 00:18:31,720 --> 00:18:35,760 Speaker 1: of expecting more blueberries out of less land. There are 278 00:18:35,800 --> 00:18:39,800 Speaker 1: also issues of pricing and contracts with outside companies, so 279 00:18:39,920 --> 00:18:43,440 Speaker 1: something else to keep in mind. Yeah, um, but yeah, 280 00:18:43,440 --> 00:18:47,159 Speaker 1: there there are just so many blueberry festivals around the 281 00:18:47,200 --> 00:18:50,000 Speaker 1: eastern US, over through the Great Lakes um during the 282 00:18:50,000 --> 00:18:52,159 Speaker 1: summer when the crops are coming in. Um. There's a 283 00:18:52,160 --> 00:18:55,199 Speaker 1: lot of like like you pick kind of situations, a 284 00:18:55,240 --> 00:19:00,680 Speaker 1: lot of pancake breakfasts, a lot of pieting contests. Who 285 00:19:02,840 --> 00:19:04,760 Speaker 1: and he's thinking about like the walk that she had 286 00:19:04,800 --> 00:19:08,840 Speaker 1: to take out he over sugar ng on like a slice. 287 00:19:08,880 --> 00:19:15,800 Speaker 1: I'm assuming that might that might kill me. Do not 288 00:19:15,920 --> 00:19:18,560 Speaker 1: let me into a blueberry if I eating, contest, Lauran, 289 00:19:19,040 --> 00:19:22,640 Speaker 1: I no matter what I say. Okay, all right, that's 290 00:19:22,680 --> 00:19:24,919 Speaker 1: the line. I see you and I'm here to support 291 00:19:24,920 --> 00:19:30,960 Speaker 1: your decisions. Thank you, thank you. Oh we do have 292 00:19:31,280 --> 00:19:34,240 Speaker 1: a lot of history for you. We do. But first 293 00:19:34,240 --> 00:19:36,160 Speaker 1: we've got a quick break for a word from our sponsor, 294 00:19:45,960 --> 00:19:49,600 Speaker 1: and we're back. Thank you sponsor, Yes, thank you. So 295 00:19:50,400 --> 00:19:55,080 Speaker 1: blueberries originated in North America, possibly after the last ice Age. 296 00:19:55,119 --> 00:19:57,880 Speaker 1: And actually there's a really interesting scientific paper about this. 297 00:19:58,680 --> 00:20:00,960 Speaker 1: And I tried to summari is it to put in here? 298 00:20:01,720 --> 00:20:04,560 Speaker 1: But it was too confusing to summarize it made sense. 299 00:20:05,240 --> 00:20:07,800 Speaker 1: But basically there's some really cool stuff happening with like 300 00:20:08,000 --> 00:20:11,880 Speaker 1: fun guy. That is why buberries. It helped blueberry survive 301 00:20:13,240 --> 00:20:18,439 Speaker 1: like a symbiotic relationship. Native Americans eight wild blueberries fresh 302 00:20:18,560 --> 00:20:21,520 Speaker 1: or dried and use them when making pemmican, which is 303 00:20:21,520 --> 00:20:24,280 Speaker 1: sort of an early energy bar composed of fat, shredded 304 00:20:24,359 --> 00:20:26,679 Speaker 1: jerky fruits and sometimes seeds or other nuts. I know 305 00:20:26,720 --> 00:20:30,879 Speaker 1: we've talked about that in past episodes, probably cranberries. The 306 00:20:30,920 --> 00:20:33,560 Speaker 1: berries were also used medicinally, and the roots of the 307 00:20:33,560 --> 00:20:37,600 Speaker 1: blueberry bush were made into tea. Dried blueberries were prepared 308 00:20:37,600 --> 00:20:40,200 Speaker 1: with dried cracked corn and water to make a sort 309 00:20:40,200 --> 00:20:44,400 Speaker 1: of pudding. When colonists arrived, they added in butter, milk, 310 00:20:44,440 --> 00:20:48,159 Speaker 1: and sugar to this pudding if they could get sugar. Um. 311 00:20:48,240 --> 00:20:51,679 Speaker 1: These early berries were wild, no one was really looking 312 00:20:51,720 --> 00:20:55,800 Speaker 1: to domesticate them, though indigenous people's might have used controlled 313 00:20:55,800 --> 00:21:00,639 Speaker 1: burns to promote the growth of the berry bushes. In 314 00:21:00,760 --> 00:21:05,880 Speaker 1: sixteen fifteen, Samuel de Champlain described witnessing Native Americans harvesting 315 00:21:05,880 --> 00:21:09,000 Speaker 1: blueberries near a lake Huron. He wrote of seeing women 316 00:21:09,119 --> 00:21:13,159 Speaker 1: use quote blues in their corn meal bread, going on 317 00:21:13,200 --> 00:21:17,800 Speaker 1: to call the berries the quote manna of winter. Yeah. 318 00:21:18,080 --> 00:21:21,040 Speaker 1: Around the same time, John Jocelyn wrote of the medicinal 319 00:21:21,119 --> 00:21:24,920 Speaker 1: uses of blueberries growing in northern New England, quote to 320 00:21:25,040 --> 00:21:28,080 Speaker 1: cool the heat of fevers and quench thirst. They are 321 00:21:28,200 --> 00:21:30,639 Speaker 1: very good to allay the burning heat of fevers and 322 00:21:30,720 --> 00:21:35,560 Speaker 1: hot agues, a fever that shakes the body, either in 323 00:21:35,640 --> 00:21:40,800 Speaker 1: syrup or conserve hm He wrote about folks eating the 324 00:21:40,800 --> 00:21:44,879 Speaker 1: blueberries to you, particularly in sweeter dishes. There were a 325 00:21:44,920 --> 00:21:48,000 Speaker 1: handful of descriptions around this time from European colonists and 326 00:21:48,000 --> 00:21:52,359 Speaker 1: colonizers about blueberries. Jesuit missionary Paul le Jeune wrote in 327 00:21:52,480 --> 00:21:55,720 Speaker 1: his books that quote, some Native Americans imagine a paradise 328 00:21:55,720 --> 00:22:02,840 Speaker 1: abounding in blueberries. Oh a bit later, Samuel Hearn wrote 329 00:22:02,880 --> 00:22:06,000 Speaker 1: that blueberries were quote seldom right until September, at which 330 00:22:06,040 --> 00:22:08,600 Speaker 1: time the leaves turned to a beautiful red, and the fruit, 331 00:22:08,760 --> 00:22:12,040 Speaker 1: though small, have as fine a bloom as any plum, 332 00:22:12,119 --> 00:22:15,520 Speaker 1: and are much esteemed for the pleasantness of their flavor. 333 00:22:16,800 --> 00:22:22,520 Speaker 1: Much esteemed. Yeah, it's accurate, totally is despite the fact 334 00:22:22,560 --> 00:22:24,640 Speaker 1: that the US had plenty of berries, they didn't seem 335 00:22:24,680 --> 00:22:28,159 Speaker 1: to really take off in the country until later, which 336 00:22:28,480 --> 00:22:31,760 Speaker 1: is the source of several articles digging into why that is. 337 00:22:32,000 --> 00:22:37,040 Speaker 1: Something I also found interesting perhaps a future episode um. 338 00:22:37,160 --> 00:22:40,800 Speaker 1: The believed first known written use of blueberry pie appeared 339 00:22:40,800 --> 00:22:44,240 Speaker 1: in eighteen twenty nine in the New England Farmer All. 340 00:22:44,280 --> 00:22:48,640 Speaker 1: The first known written recipe might have appeared in eighteen fifty. 341 00:22:49,840 --> 00:22:52,400 Speaker 1: Commercial harvest of blueberries in North America didn't really get 342 00:22:52,440 --> 00:22:55,440 Speaker 1: going until about the eighteen forties, and during the Civil 343 00:22:55,520 --> 00:23:00,080 Speaker 1: War after sardine canaries who had lost their mark it 344 00:23:00,080 --> 00:23:03,040 Speaker 1: in the South, started canning blueberries instead to sell to 345 00:23:03,240 --> 00:23:10,840 Speaker 1: Union soldiers, and this helped develop a taste for sweet berries. Okay, 346 00:23:10,960 --> 00:23:12,639 Speaker 1: and I love this. This was a surprise. I've never 347 00:23:12,640 --> 00:23:15,720 Speaker 1: heard about any of this. Um. While the specific history 348 00:23:15,720 --> 00:23:18,240 Speaker 1: of who and how and when a food is domesticated 349 00:23:18,520 --> 00:23:21,159 Speaker 1: from its wild form, it's often lost the time. All 350 00:23:21,200 --> 00:23:23,560 Speaker 1: those facts are often lost the time. We do know 351 00:23:23,600 --> 00:23:28,600 Speaker 1: what happened in the case of the blueberries. Yes, their 352 00:23:28,640 --> 00:23:32,280 Speaker 1: domestication took place in the Pine Barrens of New Jersey 353 00:23:32,440 --> 00:23:35,080 Speaker 1: during the late eighteen hundreds and early nineteen hundreds. The 354 00:23:35,119 --> 00:23:38,080 Speaker 1: White family um, a family of Quakers, owned a lot 355 00:23:38,240 --> 00:23:41,119 Speaker 1: of land in the pine barrens. I went somewhere. It 356 00:23:41,160 --> 00:23:44,440 Speaker 1: was a million acres. Okay, that's a lot of it. 357 00:23:46,720 --> 00:23:49,560 Speaker 1: They called this land of the buildings on it, white Spog, 358 00:23:49,680 --> 00:23:53,840 Speaker 1: and they grew cranberries. Joseph White and his oldest daughter, Elizabeth, 359 00:23:53,920 --> 00:23:56,000 Speaker 1: took care of most of the farm work from a 360 00:23:56,040 --> 00:23:58,760 Speaker 1: young age Elizabeth took an interest in farming and kept 361 00:23:58,760 --> 00:24:02,399 Speaker 1: her ears open for any farming opportunities. When she was 362 00:24:02,440 --> 00:24:05,520 Speaker 1: thirty nine nineteen ten or nineteen eleven, she discovered a 363 00:24:05,560 --> 00:24:09,840 Speaker 1: book on blueberries compiled by botanist Frederick coval for the U. S. 364 00:24:09,880 --> 00:24:14,119 Speaker 1: Department of Agriculture. And this book our report. Because I 365 00:24:14,200 --> 00:24:16,960 Speaker 1: found the report, I didn't find a book, but anyway, 366 00:24:17,600 --> 00:24:21,280 Speaker 1: whatever it was, it really caught her interests, especially Covil's 367 00:24:21,280 --> 00:24:25,040 Speaker 1: theory that blueberries, on like most plants, needed acidic soil 368 00:24:25,119 --> 00:24:28,760 Speaker 1: to grow, and that they benefit from fun guy penetrating 369 00:24:28,760 --> 00:24:34,320 Speaker 1: their roots like um. Elizabeth wrote a letter to Covil's 370 00:24:34,320 --> 00:24:37,399 Speaker 1: boss proposing that she and her family could conduct experiments 371 00:24:37,400 --> 00:24:40,280 Speaker 1: on growing blueberries on their farm, pointing out that blueberries 372 00:24:40,320 --> 00:24:43,240 Speaker 1: already grew well on the land and that they'd pay 373 00:24:43,440 --> 00:24:46,359 Speaker 1: the U. S. D A to do it too. She 374 00:24:46,680 --> 00:24:48,920 Speaker 1: made sure to make a carbon copy of the letter 375 00:24:49,240 --> 00:24:51,400 Speaker 1: and kept it in a safe for many years, which 376 00:24:51,440 --> 00:24:56,240 Speaker 1: I love. This letter will never be lost to time. 377 00:24:56,280 --> 00:25:01,399 Speaker 1: It's like a safe. So good. Well, she was right 378 00:25:01,440 --> 00:25:05,160 Speaker 1: to protected, I guess, because the letter worked. Months later, 379 00:25:05,320 --> 00:25:08,520 Speaker 1: Coville himself showed up at White Spog. Elizabeth sent out 380 00:25:08,560 --> 00:25:11,680 Speaker 1: notices offering money to any locals who could provide bushes 381 00:25:11,720 --> 00:25:15,840 Speaker 1: with large blueberries. Over one hundred folks answered the call, 382 00:25:15,920 --> 00:25:18,960 Speaker 1: and Elizabeth named each bush after the person who brought it. 383 00:25:20,560 --> 00:25:23,600 Speaker 1: From these bushes, Coville figured out how to essentially clone 384 00:25:24,000 --> 00:25:28,000 Speaker 1: the bushes from cuttings. Some were better producers than others. 385 00:25:28,040 --> 00:25:30,600 Speaker 1: Some did so well that they're still growing to this day. 386 00:25:31,200 --> 00:25:34,560 Speaker 1: Coville cross pollinated bushes as well, selectively breeding for bushes 387 00:25:34,560 --> 00:25:38,720 Speaker 1: that produced bigger taste here berries. Of the one hundred 388 00:25:38,760 --> 00:25:42,400 Speaker 1: and twenties samples they received, one hundred and eighteen got tossed, 389 00:25:42,640 --> 00:25:45,840 Speaker 1: and from the two remaining they took thirty five thousand 390 00:25:45,920 --> 00:25:50,160 Speaker 1: cuttings I know, and from all of that they kept 391 00:25:50,280 --> 00:25:54,040 Speaker 1: only four. By nineteen sixteen, they'd arrived at a blueberry 392 00:25:54,080 --> 00:25:57,040 Speaker 1: crop that consistently yielded a berry that looked and tasted 393 00:25:57,200 --> 00:26:02,720 Speaker 1: the same. A new commercial blueberry industry was born. I know, 394 00:26:02,800 --> 00:26:05,800 Speaker 1: I love this. One of the successful bushes came from 395 00:26:05,800 --> 00:26:09,679 Speaker 1: a man named Rube Leak. Covid and White decided Rube 396 00:26:09,760 --> 00:26:13,320 Speaker 1: wasn't a nice enough name, and then I couldn't use 397 00:26:13,400 --> 00:26:17,919 Speaker 1: Leak because of the plant by the same name. So 398 00:26:18,000 --> 00:26:19,960 Speaker 1: Covid got the idea to add an L to the 399 00:26:20,080 --> 00:26:22,240 Speaker 1: end of rube, either in honor of the man's last 400 00:26:22,320 --> 00:26:25,440 Speaker 1: name and or because it sounded like something that makes 401 00:26:25,480 --> 00:26:28,960 Speaker 1: money to arrive at the name Rubel a ruble, which 402 00:26:29,000 --> 00:26:30,960 Speaker 1: is still used today. It's one of the blueberry crops 403 00:26:30,960 --> 00:26:37,600 Speaker 1: still around today. Just great. Elizabeth would later write that 404 00:26:37,640 --> 00:26:40,400 Speaker 1: this whole experience was a quote joyous memory for her, 405 00:26:40,840 --> 00:26:44,520 Speaker 1: and that quote encouraging developments came thick and fast. Dr 406 00:26:44,600 --> 00:26:47,399 Speaker 1: Covill and I gloated over them together, the enthusiasm of 407 00:26:47,480 --> 00:26:51,520 Speaker 1: each fanning to brighter flame that of the other. The 408 00:26:51,600 --> 00:26:55,480 Speaker 1: pair worked together for over twenty years. She was instrumental 409 00:26:55,880 --> 00:26:58,240 Speaker 1: in creating the blueberry market, and it helped form the 410 00:26:58,280 --> 00:27:02,920 Speaker 1: first blueberry farmers co. She apparently contacted suppliers and suggested 411 00:27:02,960 --> 00:27:06,359 Speaker 1: they sell zuberries packaged and cellophane so people could see 412 00:27:06,400 --> 00:27:10,800 Speaker 1: the berries, which is still around today too. I love it. 413 00:27:11,040 --> 00:27:13,760 Speaker 1: She co authored papers about blueberries. She was called the 414 00:27:13,760 --> 00:27:18,520 Speaker 1: blueberry Queen. So fun. It's such a fat fun story. 415 00:27:18,560 --> 00:27:25,320 Speaker 1: Oh wow, yes, yes, yeah, Elizabeth, mm hmm. Yeah. There 416 00:27:25,400 --> 00:27:29,520 Speaker 1: was just there was so much research into blueberry hybrids 417 00:27:29,680 --> 00:27:32,080 Speaker 1: going on in the nineteen twenties, there were a lot 418 00:27:32,160 --> 00:27:37,199 Speaker 1: of papers being published about it. Yes, um, it's a 419 00:27:37,240 --> 00:27:41,479 Speaker 1: hard pivot. Before his execution in the n Nicolo Sako 420 00:27:41,720 --> 00:27:44,160 Speaker 1: asked that zuberry pie be his last meal. And that 421 00:27:44,240 --> 00:27:45,720 Speaker 1: was the rabbit hole because I didn't know who that 422 00:27:45,760 --> 00:27:51,840 Speaker 1: was or anything about that whole situation. Different podcasts, But whoam? Yeah, Yeah, 423 00:27:51,880 --> 00:27:53,440 Speaker 1: we we are, we are not. We are not true 424 00:27:53,480 --> 00:28:00,000 Speaker 1: crime but very rare, very rarely anyway, very rarely, very 425 00:28:00,400 --> 00:28:04,119 Speaker 1: food crime, true food crime. Phone shows up. I don't know. 426 00:28:06,800 --> 00:28:09,840 Speaker 1: The Atlantic Blueberry Company was founded in nineteen thirty six 427 00:28:09,920 --> 00:28:14,960 Speaker 1: by the Galletta family. Blueberries were first planet in North Carolina, 428 00:28:15,040 --> 00:28:18,800 Speaker 1: also in nineteen thirty six. Apparently, an entrepreneur who grew 429 00:28:18,800 --> 00:28:21,040 Speaker 1: blueberries up in New Jersey was looking to extend to 430 00:28:21,119 --> 00:28:23,639 Speaker 1: the crops growing season, so he went looking around for 431 00:28:23,680 --> 00:28:28,200 Speaker 1: other places to plant them, settling on North Carolina. The 432 00:28:28,240 --> 00:28:32,840 Speaker 1: book Blueberries for sal was published by Robert McCloskey uh 433 00:28:32,880 --> 00:28:38,200 Speaker 1: in nineteen It won the Caldicott Award in nineteen nine. 434 00:28:38,240 --> 00:28:39,880 Speaker 1: If you guys did not grow up with this book, 435 00:28:39,880 --> 00:28:45,080 Speaker 1: it is a charming picture book about picking blueberries. Oh 436 00:28:45,320 --> 00:28:49,560 Speaker 1: I did not grow up with this book. Oh, blueberries 437 00:28:49,600 --> 00:28:53,240 Speaker 1: for sal Yeah, there's a there there's a bear cub 438 00:28:53,360 --> 00:28:57,200 Speaker 1: involved two and it's yeah, there's there's a whole. There's 439 00:28:57,200 --> 00:28:59,400 Speaker 1: a whole parallel between the bear cub and its mom 440 00:28:59,480 --> 00:29:03,240 Speaker 1: and the little earl and her mom. Mm hmm mm hmmm. 441 00:29:04,720 --> 00:29:09,640 Speaker 1: Of course my mind immediately goes to a dark place. No. No, 442 00:29:10,120 --> 00:29:20,280 Speaker 1: children's picture book, Annie, children's picture book got it. Um 443 00:29:20,280 --> 00:29:25,160 Speaker 1: with the commercial availability of blueberries, improved innovations around freezing 444 00:29:25,480 --> 00:29:28,960 Speaker 1: and refrigeration, introduction of new varieties of bushes that can 445 00:29:29,000 --> 00:29:32,600 Speaker 1: grow in high temperature environments, including here in Georgia, which 446 00:29:32,640 --> 00:29:35,640 Speaker 1: is one of the biggest blueberry producing states. See I 447 00:29:35,680 --> 00:29:39,040 Speaker 1: didn't mention us at the top. UM. Blueberry production and 448 00:29:39,080 --> 00:29:43,720 Speaker 1: demand has continued to increase. Uh yeah, as as you 449 00:29:43,760 --> 00:29:47,600 Speaker 1: said earlier, UM, over half of our blueberry crop here 450 00:29:47,600 --> 00:29:50,760 Speaker 1: in the States is it winds up being frozen and um. 451 00:29:50,840 --> 00:29:53,560 Speaker 1: And so all of this production really kicked off in 452 00:29:53,560 --> 00:29:58,040 Speaker 1: the nineteen forties with the development of frozen food technology. UM. 453 00:29:58,040 --> 00:30:00,320 Speaker 1: And you can see we have an early episode on 454 00:30:00,360 --> 00:30:05,560 Speaker 1: that one. UM. Yeah. In the early nineteen eighties, blueberry 455 00:30:05,560 --> 00:30:09,680 Speaker 1: picking was promoted as this big like recreational and or 456 00:30:09,760 --> 00:30:13,360 Speaker 1: tourist activity. UM. And Apparently some twenty percent of summer 457 00:30:13,400 --> 00:30:16,520 Speaker 1: tourists to the Great Lakes region picked blueberries while they 458 00:30:16,520 --> 00:30:21,400 Speaker 1: were there. Wow, the blueberry got another boost in the 459 00:30:21,480 --> 00:30:23,960 Speaker 1: nineteen nineties and two thousand's, like you mentioned, Lauren, when 460 00:30:23,960 --> 00:30:26,920 Speaker 1: a lot of articles and research came out suggesting the 461 00:30:26,960 --> 00:30:31,080 Speaker 1: help benefits of blueberries, some labeling it as a super food. 462 00:30:32,040 --> 00:30:35,880 Speaker 1: And okay, so apparently I I read I read an 463 00:30:35,960 --> 00:30:38,560 Speaker 1: article from The Atlantic about this. There was this one 464 00:30:38,640 --> 00:30:43,160 Speaker 1: marketing guy by the name of John Sove Um who 465 00:30:43,360 --> 00:30:49,280 Speaker 1: just really got the the blueberry rolling. Uh. Circ He 466 00:30:49,360 --> 00:30:52,040 Speaker 1: was working at the time as the executive director of 467 00:30:52,080 --> 00:30:55,360 Speaker 1: the Wild Blueberry Association of North America. Um. He was 468 00:30:55,400 --> 00:30:58,240 Speaker 1: there to two thousand four, and yeah, he was the 469 00:30:58,280 --> 00:31:01,600 Speaker 1: guy who looked at these studies coming out starting in 470 00:31:01,680 --> 00:31:08,520 Speaker 1: NIX about UM about antioxidants in blueberries, and he was like, oh, 471 00:31:08,400 --> 00:31:12,000 Speaker 1: we can turn this into profits. Um. So he and 472 00:31:12,160 --> 00:31:15,320 Speaker 1: other folks in the blueberry industry started funding more research. 473 00:31:15,640 --> 00:31:20,800 Speaker 1: By there was global media coverage about blueberries and antioxidants. 474 00:31:20,880 --> 00:31:24,600 Speaker 1: For example, sales of wild blueberries in Japan went from 475 00:31:24,640 --> 00:31:28,040 Speaker 1: about two million pounds a year in six to thirty 476 00:31:28,120 --> 00:31:36,360 Speaker 1: million by Wow, I did see that Japan was like 477 00:31:36,400 --> 00:31:41,120 Speaker 1: one of the under you know, the U. S And Canada. Uh, 478 00:31:41,320 --> 00:31:44,440 Speaker 1: just consumers and I was kind of like, huh, how 479 00:31:44,440 --> 00:31:50,240 Speaker 1: did that happen? There you go health marketing. Yeah, yeah, 480 00:31:49,160 --> 00:31:53,440 Speaker 1: um and uh to end on a down note. Um, 481 00:31:53,520 --> 00:31:55,960 Speaker 1: just this year there's a research out about, yeah, how 482 00:31:55,960 --> 00:31:59,960 Speaker 1: climate change in the Northeast is is really negatively impacting blueberries. 483 00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:03,200 Speaker 1: It's been warmer, there's been less rainfall. Um there, you know, 484 00:32:03,320 --> 00:32:05,720 Speaker 1: not like the thirstiest crop, but they do need water 485 00:32:05,960 --> 00:32:17,720 Speaker 1: and so it's just adding adding challenges, adding challenges. Poor blueberry, 486 00:32:17,920 --> 00:32:22,400 Speaker 1: sweet blueberry. Do what you can to combat climate change. 487 00:32:22,440 --> 00:32:32,680 Speaker 1: Call your senators for the blueberry, think of the blueberry exactly. Well, 488 00:32:32,720 --> 00:32:34,960 Speaker 1: that's about what we have to say on the blueberry 489 00:32:35,000 --> 00:32:39,160 Speaker 1: for now. It is. We do have some listener mail 490 00:32:39,240 --> 00:32:41,200 Speaker 1: for you, but first we've got one more quick break 491 00:32:41,200 --> 00:32:54,000 Speaker 1: for a word from our sponsor. And we're back. Thank you, sponsor, Yes, 492 00:32:54,120 --> 00:33:06,640 Speaker 1: thank you, and we're back with Oh that was that 493 00:33:06,800 --> 00:33:12,040 Speaker 1: violet being rolled away in Olympus. It was. It was 494 00:33:12,080 --> 00:33:14,800 Speaker 1: also an ode to one of my favorite weird rides 495 00:33:15,360 --> 00:33:20,960 Speaker 1: et The Adventure. There's a creature in there that talks 496 00:33:21,000 --> 00:33:26,200 Speaker 1: like that and he says welcome, you've rode and it 497 00:33:26,280 --> 00:33:31,120 Speaker 1: makes me laugh. That right is strange. That right is 498 00:33:31,320 --> 00:33:34,840 Speaker 1: very very odd. If y'all have never witnessed it. Whenever 499 00:33:34,920 --> 00:33:37,080 Speaker 1: you feel safe getting back out to a theme park, 500 00:33:37,160 --> 00:33:40,520 Speaker 1: I recommend going to Universal Studios in Orlando and be 501 00:33:40,760 --> 00:33:44,200 Speaker 1: lining straight to the e t ride. Oh yeah, it's 502 00:33:44,240 --> 00:33:46,600 Speaker 1: the best too. Well, we're going to ruin it, Lauren, 503 00:33:46,640 --> 00:33:51,960 Speaker 1: but as of now, it's usually nobody's writing it. Wait yeah, yeah. 504 00:33:51,960 --> 00:33:53,600 Speaker 1: If you get there and there's a wait, it's our 505 00:33:53,600 --> 00:33:56,280 Speaker 1: fault and you can you can write us angry letters, 506 00:33:56,680 --> 00:33:59,320 Speaker 1: send send a note our way, although I'll be pretty happy. 507 00:33:59,560 --> 00:34:00,800 Speaker 1: I'm a raid are going to tear it down, and 508 00:34:00,840 --> 00:34:04,560 Speaker 1: it is. It is quite the sight. You can't find 509 00:34:04,600 --> 00:34:06,800 Speaker 1: it online on YouTube because of course I've looked it up. 510 00:34:08,120 --> 00:34:15,160 Speaker 1: I very much enjoy that right, so weird um Casey wrote, 511 00:34:15,719 --> 00:34:18,000 Speaker 1: I am a longtime listener, yet this is my first 512 00:34:18,000 --> 00:34:20,480 Speaker 1: time writing in Oh hello, well, listening to the ear 513 00:34:20,520 --> 00:34:22,759 Speaker 1: latest podcast on Cilantro, I just had to share with 514 00:34:22,800 --> 00:34:28,440 Speaker 1: you all my experiences with Cilantro as a super taster. Yeah, 515 00:34:28,840 --> 00:34:30,960 Speaker 1: growing up, I was always a picky eater, like so 516 00:34:31,000 --> 00:34:35,120 Speaker 1: many children. Fast forward to studying anthropology in college. I 517 00:34:35,160 --> 00:34:38,640 Speaker 1: participated in many PTC tests where I discovered that I 518 00:34:38,680 --> 00:34:43,000 Speaker 1: am a super taster and not just picky. After participating 519 00:34:43,000 --> 00:34:45,080 Speaker 1: in this test in so many classes, I found myself 520 00:34:45,160 --> 00:34:48,840 Speaker 1: very jealous of my classmates who only tasted paper versus 521 00:34:48,840 --> 00:34:54,040 Speaker 1: a bitter, soapy taste plus paper. Now where my super 522 00:34:54,040 --> 00:34:56,520 Speaker 1: tasting powers. My mother uses me in her herb garden 523 00:34:56,520 --> 00:34:59,160 Speaker 1: whenever she can't tell the difference between her parsley, cilantro, 524 00:34:59,280 --> 00:35:03,680 Speaker 1: and catnet, which all grew pretty wild next to each other. 525 00:35:04,400 --> 00:35:07,120 Speaker 1: This always brings such horror to her cat's face as 526 00:35:07,160 --> 00:35:09,520 Speaker 1: it tastes tests the leaves of what the cat assumes 527 00:35:09,800 --> 00:35:14,320 Speaker 1: is precious cat. I am sure you all are wondering 528 00:35:14,360 --> 00:35:17,120 Speaker 1: my thoughts on cilantro at this point. I am in 529 00:35:17,160 --> 00:35:22,720 Speaker 1: the camp against cilantro and parsley, but in favor of coriander. However, 530 00:35:23,280 --> 00:35:27,160 Speaker 1: I discovered cool lantro see U l A and t 531 00:35:27,600 --> 00:35:31,200 Speaker 1: r oh when I started growing my own herbs. This 532 00:35:31,239 --> 00:35:34,520 Speaker 1: plant is, from my understanding, the American cousin of cilantro. 533 00:35:34,840 --> 00:35:36,680 Speaker 1: It doesn't taste like soap to me and thrives in 534 00:35:36,760 --> 00:35:40,040 Speaker 1: my warm, sunny Florida yard. I never had to replant. 535 00:35:40,239 --> 00:35:43,720 Speaker 1: It is a perennial and often pops up everywhere. So 536 00:35:43,800 --> 00:35:46,319 Speaker 1: many asked me about my odd looking plant, and of 537 00:35:46,360 --> 00:35:49,239 Speaker 1: course I offer leaves to try. The shock on their 538 00:35:49,239 --> 00:35:51,840 Speaker 1: faces when they taste the plant discover it does indeed 539 00:35:51,880 --> 00:35:55,760 Speaker 1: taste like cilantro but different always brings me such joy. 540 00:35:56,360 --> 00:35:58,680 Speaker 1: I am attaching a photo of my little cilantro plant 541 00:35:58,840 --> 00:36:01,200 Speaker 1: all in bloom. I hope this plant brings hope to 542 00:36:01,239 --> 00:36:04,560 Speaker 1: all those who also dislike the taste of cilantro but 543 00:36:04,680 --> 00:36:09,280 Speaker 1: love foods that feature the herb. I've never heard of colantra. 544 00:36:09,320 --> 00:36:12,319 Speaker 1: I can't believe I didn't come across that and the 545 00:36:12,480 --> 00:36:15,560 Speaker 1: research I I came across it as like a like 546 00:36:15,600 --> 00:36:19,680 Speaker 1: a parallel or varietal or um. I wasn't sure if 547 00:36:19,680 --> 00:36:22,080 Speaker 1: there was a difference or not, so so I am 548 00:36:22,160 --> 00:36:24,440 Speaker 1: very intrigued to hear that there is a flavor difference 549 00:36:24,440 --> 00:36:28,799 Speaker 1: between that and regular cilantro. That's great, yeah, yeah, And 550 00:36:28,960 --> 00:36:34,320 Speaker 1: and the picture looks amazing. Um. As someone who struggled 551 00:36:34,320 --> 00:36:36,239 Speaker 1: to grow plants before, I'm always so happy when I 552 00:36:36,280 --> 00:36:42,720 Speaker 1: see one looks healthy and that's really thriving. Yes, yes, yes, um. 553 00:36:42,920 --> 00:36:46,480 Speaker 1: Hannah wrote a little while ago one of Atlas Obscure 554 00:36:46,480 --> 00:36:49,600 Speaker 1: as emails included a link to an article about Pastilla, 555 00:36:50,160 --> 00:36:54,000 Speaker 1: a sort of apple meringue cookie from Russia. The recipe 556 00:36:54,040 --> 00:36:56,839 Speaker 1: included directions for cooking the apples down, but since I 557 00:36:56,880 --> 00:36:59,000 Speaker 1: had just made apple sauce a few days before, I 558 00:36:59,040 --> 00:37:01,960 Speaker 1: figured I could just use that also. As a vegan 559 00:37:02,000 --> 00:37:04,360 Speaker 1: and lover of chickpeas, I had a lot of aqua 560 00:37:04,400 --> 00:37:07,839 Speaker 1: faba in my freezer. Aquafaba is the liquid left over 561 00:37:08,000 --> 00:37:10,640 Speaker 1: from cooking chickpeas and can be used as a substitute 562 00:37:10,640 --> 00:37:14,600 Speaker 1: for egg whites in vegan dishes. Maybe a new episode idea, um. 563 00:37:14,719 --> 00:37:17,360 Speaker 1: So my first trial involved trying to whip up the 564 00:37:17,400 --> 00:37:20,160 Speaker 1: aqua faba and apple sauce together in a food processor 565 00:37:20,400 --> 00:37:23,440 Speaker 1: since I don't have a stand mixer. Mistake number one. UM. 566 00:37:23,480 --> 00:37:25,480 Speaker 1: I thought it was a smart idea, but apparently you 567 00:37:25,560 --> 00:37:28,000 Speaker 1: really do need a mixer to get the right volume. 568 00:37:28,800 --> 00:37:31,120 Speaker 1: So I decided to do some more research before my 569 00:37:31,160 --> 00:37:33,759 Speaker 1: next trial. In my research, I found out that you 570 00:37:33,760 --> 00:37:36,239 Speaker 1: can reduce aqua faba on the stove to get the 571 00:37:36,239 --> 00:37:39,040 Speaker 1: consistency of what comes out of a can of chickpeas. 572 00:37:39,480 --> 00:37:41,840 Speaker 1: Mine was pretty watery, so I decided to give that 573 00:37:41,920 --> 00:37:45,600 Speaker 1: a try. Unfortunately, I had a friend over who distracted 574 00:37:45,600 --> 00:37:47,560 Speaker 1: me by wanting to watch the good place, so I 575 00:37:47,600 --> 00:37:50,080 Speaker 1: forgot about the pot of aqua faba on the stove 576 00:37:50,560 --> 00:37:54,080 Speaker 1: and ended up with a bunch of burnt sludge. Mistake 577 00:37:54,160 --> 00:37:56,920 Speaker 1: number two. Maybe I should have taken this as an 578 00:37:56,920 --> 00:38:00,920 Speaker 1: omen but alas having ruined my entire stock of aqua faba, 579 00:38:00,960 --> 00:38:03,680 Speaker 1: I bought a can of chickpiece from the store. Of course, 580 00:38:03,920 --> 00:38:06,240 Speaker 1: the poll tab broke off as I tried to open 581 00:38:06,280 --> 00:38:08,480 Speaker 1: the can, but I persevered with the aid of a 582 00:38:08,520 --> 00:38:12,840 Speaker 1: can opener. Thus began trial number three. I used my 583 00:38:12,920 --> 00:38:15,160 Speaker 1: hand mixer to whip up the aqua faba and was 584 00:38:15,280 --> 00:38:18,160 Speaker 1: actually getting a lot of air into it. Adding cream 585 00:38:18,200 --> 00:38:20,759 Speaker 1: of tartar really helps with keeping the structure once it's 586 00:38:20,800 --> 00:38:24,000 Speaker 1: been whipped. My aqua fabo was getting light and fluffy, 587 00:38:24,080 --> 00:38:27,160 Speaker 1: so I slowly added in my previously flat apple sauce 588 00:38:27,160 --> 00:38:29,360 Speaker 1: and aqua fab in a mixture and had to separate 589 00:38:29,400 --> 00:38:32,880 Speaker 1: the mixture into multiple bowls to avoid spraying sticky apple 590 00:38:32,920 --> 00:38:36,319 Speaker 1: droplets everywhere as it expanded. So now I had the 591 00:38:36,400 --> 00:38:39,560 Speaker 1: right texture. I followed the directions of setting my oven 592 00:38:39,600 --> 00:38:42,920 Speaker 1: to the lowest setting, lining a cookie sheet with parchment paper, 593 00:38:43,120 --> 00:38:45,640 Speaker 1: and reserving a cup and a half of apple mixture 594 00:38:45,800 --> 00:38:48,440 Speaker 1: to glue the pieces together. Once I had my cooked 595 00:38:48,640 --> 00:38:51,440 Speaker 1: meringue sheet, I put my cookie sheet in the oven 596 00:38:51,680 --> 00:38:54,520 Speaker 1: and patiently waited the four to six hours the recipe 597 00:38:54,560 --> 00:38:58,799 Speaker 1: said to dry out slash lightly cook the meringue. When 598 00:38:58,840 --> 00:39:01,040 Speaker 1: I checked at four hours, it still very wet, so 599 00:39:01,080 --> 00:39:03,600 Speaker 1: I decided to wait another half hour. But when I 600 00:39:03,680 --> 00:39:06,120 Speaker 1: checked an our four point five, I no longer had 601 00:39:06,120 --> 00:39:09,160 Speaker 1: beautiful apple fluff. My concoction had fallen, and now I 602 00:39:09,160 --> 00:39:12,400 Speaker 1: had something akin to crunchy fruit leather. I pulled it 603 00:39:12,440 --> 00:39:14,320 Speaker 1: out of the oven and let it cool before putting 604 00:39:14,360 --> 00:39:16,680 Speaker 1: the whole thing in the fridge to attempt to peel 605 00:39:16,719 --> 00:39:20,040 Speaker 1: the paper off another day, but I still wasn't done. 606 00:39:20,400 --> 00:39:23,560 Speaker 1: I was determined to make this work, so I took 607 00:39:23,600 --> 00:39:25,279 Speaker 1: the cup and a half of apple whip I put 608 00:39:25,320 --> 00:39:27,239 Speaker 1: in the fridge and put it in a smaller dish 609 00:39:27,320 --> 00:39:30,120 Speaker 1: and stuck it in the toaster oven on keep warm, 610 00:39:30,200 --> 00:39:32,879 Speaker 1: hoping that that wouldn't be too hot. I was much 611 00:39:32,880 --> 00:39:35,160 Speaker 1: more diligent about checking my mixture this time, and the 612 00:39:35,200 --> 00:39:37,160 Speaker 1: second it started to fall, I pulled it out of 613 00:39:37,200 --> 00:39:39,759 Speaker 1: the toaster oven, let it cool, and decided it could 614 00:39:39,800 --> 00:39:42,160 Speaker 1: go in the freezer to be eaten as an apple 615 00:39:42,200 --> 00:39:46,520 Speaker 1: whipped cream sort of thing, which was delicious. So neither 616 00:39:46,560 --> 00:39:48,720 Speaker 1: of the desserts I ended up with or what I wanted, 617 00:39:49,120 --> 00:39:52,840 Speaker 1: but maybe I discovered something new. I'm too busy trying 618 00:39:52,840 --> 00:39:55,680 Speaker 1: to pull parchment paper off crunchy fruit leather to really 619 00:39:55,719 --> 00:39:59,680 Speaker 1: figure that one out. Right now. I love it. Such 620 00:39:59,719 --> 00:40:05,120 Speaker 1: a termination. Oh goodness, Yeah, I usually give up at 621 00:40:05,160 --> 00:40:10,799 Speaker 1: my first food omen I'm like, no, yeah, well, I 622 00:40:10,840 --> 00:40:12,320 Speaker 1: feel I feel like that's the thing. Like, I feel like, 623 00:40:12,360 --> 00:40:14,319 Speaker 1: if you make it past the first one, you're just 624 00:40:14,440 --> 00:40:16,640 Speaker 1: in it. You're just in it and you're there and 625 00:40:16,719 --> 00:40:22,760 Speaker 1: that's it. That's absolutely it. That's wise. Yeah, I didn't 626 00:40:22,840 --> 00:40:26,320 Speaker 1: I didn't look up the pronunciation for either the apple 627 00:40:26,480 --> 00:40:31,440 Speaker 1: meringue pastila I just pronounced in pastilla or for aqua faba. 628 00:40:31,680 --> 00:40:34,080 Speaker 1: But I assume that that's what. That's that, that is 629 00:40:34,800 --> 00:40:38,239 Speaker 1: how I've always said aqua faba. And this, uh was 630 00:40:38,640 --> 00:40:41,279 Speaker 1: a request for to do an episode on that, and 631 00:40:41,400 --> 00:40:43,839 Speaker 1: a lot of people have requested aqua faba, which yes, 632 00:40:43,880 --> 00:40:49,399 Speaker 1: I'm hoping we're pronouncing. Yeah. Yeah, i've been, I've I've 633 00:40:49,440 --> 00:40:51,960 Speaker 1: I've I've been looking at it. On our ideal list 634 00:40:52,160 --> 00:40:56,399 Speaker 1: and and going like, oh maybe not today. I feel 635 00:40:56,440 --> 00:40:59,000 Speaker 1: like almost all of our our ideas on there, I 636 00:40:59,040 --> 00:41:02,520 Speaker 1: have reached that point. We've gone, We've gone through most 637 00:41:02,560 --> 00:41:06,399 Speaker 1: of the like lighter lifts and heavy quotes, because there's 638 00:41:06,440 --> 00:41:09,799 Speaker 1: never a lighter lift. Oh yeah, yeah, yeah. Now this one, 639 00:41:09,840 --> 00:41:12,640 Speaker 1: I was like, oh, that's it's blueberries are a relatively 640 00:41:12,760 --> 00:41:16,640 Speaker 1: new new world thing. It'll be it'll be short, it'll 641 00:41:16,680 --> 00:41:25,320 Speaker 1: be easy. And I was like, you were You were right, Annie, 642 00:41:25,400 --> 00:41:28,440 Speaker 1: you were much righter than I was at any rate 643 00:41:30,480 --> 00:41:34,040 Speaker 1: in this one instance. Oh no, no, no, that's not 644 00:41:34,080 --> 00:41:38,840 Speaker 1: a way. Oh goodness, terrible, just terrible, Lauren, you owe 645 00:41:38,840 --> 00:41:43,759 Speaker 1: me a packet of blueberries for nothing? Less, got you 646 00:41:44,120 --> 00:41:48,560 Speaker 1: no problem? Awesome. Well, thanks to both of those listeners 647 00:41:48,560 --> 00:41:50,080 Speaker 1: for writing in. If you would like to write to us, 648 00:41:50,200 --> 00:41:52,719 Speaker 1: you can or email us hello at saborpod dot com. 649 00:41:53,080 --> 00:41:56,319 Speaker 1: We're also on social media. You can find us on Twitter, Instagram, 650 00:41:56,480 --> 00:41:59,720 Speaker 1: and Facebook. Yes that's the third one. All three places 651 00:41:59,719 --> 00:42:02,080 Speaker 1: we are at savor pod, and we do hope to 652 00:42:02,080 --> 00:42:04,760 Speaker 1: hear from you. Savor is production of I Heart Radio. 653 00:42:04,840 --> 00:42:07,000 Speaker 1: Four more podcasts in my Heart Radio. You can visit 654 00:42:07,040 --> 00:42:09,960 Speaker 1: the i Heart Radio app Apple podcasts, or wherever you 655 00:42:10,040 --> 00:42:12,600 Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows. Thanks as always to our 656 00:42:12,640 --> 00:42:16,160 Speaker 1: superproducers Villain Fagan and Andrew Howard. Thanks to you for listening, 657 00:42:16,200 --> 00:42:17,919 Speaker 1: and we hope that lots more good things are coming 658 00:42:17,960 --> 00:42:26,239 Speaker 1: your way.