1 00:00:03,080 --> 00:00:05,280 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind, the production of 2 00:00:05,360 --> 00:00:15,240 Speaker 1: My Heart Radio. Hey, welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind. 3 00:00:15,560 --> 00:00:18,640 Speaker 1: My name is Robert Lamb and my name is Joe McCormick. 4 00:00:18,680 --> 00:00:21,520 Speaker 1: And we're back with part two of the Feast of Crabs. 5 00:00:21,720 --> 00:00:23,520 Speaker 1: If you haven't heard part one, you should probably go 6 00:00:23,560 --> 00:00:26,280 Speaker 1: back and listen to that one first. But I'm ready 7 00:00:26,320 --> 00:00:29,280 Speaker 1: to jump right in. Yeah, we're gonna We're gonna continue 8 00:00:29,360 --> 00:00:34,720 Speaker 1: with our exploration of various uh accounts of crabs eating 9 00:00:34,800 --> 00:00:39,680 Speaker 1: curious things, eating things in curious ways, and so forth. 10 00:00:40,040 --> 00:00:42,280 Speaker 1: This is kind of our big kome of tradition during 11 00:00:42,320 --> 00:00:45,480 Speaker 1: the holidays towards the end of the year to dive 12 00:00:45,520 --> 00:00:48,800 Speaker 1: into a crab related topic and see what it has 13 00:00:48,880 --> 00:00:52,680 Speaker 1: for us. Now, we haven't talked a lot about mythology 14 00:00:52,760 --> 00:00:56,680 Speaker 1: and folklore in in our crab journey thus far. And 15 00:00:56,760 --> 00:00:59,240 Speaker 1: you know, part of it is when you look around, 16 00:00:59,320 --> 00:01:05,120 Speaker 1: crabs often don't have central roles in um in myth cycles. 17 00:01:05,160 --> 00:01:07,160 Speaker 1: I mean there, I think there's some exceptions to the rule, 18 00:01:07,280 --> 00:01:11,080 Speaker 1: but a lot of times it's stuff like like Hercules 19 00:01:11,160 --> 00:01:14,360 Speaker 1: is fighting the hydra and then a crab shows up 20 00:01:14,760 --> 00:01:17,360 Speaker 1: and tries to to to nip at his heels and 21 00:01:17,400 --> 00:01:19,600 Speaker 1: he dispatches it and goes back to fighting the hydra 22 00:01:19,720 --> 00:01:21,880 Speaker 1: that sort of thing. Oh yeah, that sounds it was. 23 00:01:21,920 --> 00:01:24,320 Speaker 1: So that's the crab cancer, right that we can the 24 00:01:24,360 --> 00:01:27,080 Speaker 1: constellation name from, or that has the same name as 25 00:01:27,120 --> 00:01:29,840 Speaker 1: the constellation. I mean, he still gets a constellation out 26 00:01:29,840 --> 00:01:32,560 Speaker 1: of the whole affair. But it's you know, it's it's 27 00:01:32,280 --> 00:01:35,160 Speaker 1: it can feel a little bit disappointing if you're really 28 00:01:35,200 --> 00:01:40,399 Speaker 1: into crab anatomy and into crab monster movies. Um, it 29 00:01:40,440 --> 00:01:42,039 Speaker 1: can be a little a little bit of a letdown, like, 30 00:01:42,080 --> 00:01:44,080 Speaker 1: come on, you can't Hercules have more of a battle. 31 00:01:44,120 --> 00:01:46,280 Speaker 1: Can't he just battle the crab? That sounds fun to me. 32 00:01:48,320 --> 00:01:50,200 Speaker 1: Oh wait, I just had to look this up because 33 00:01:50,200 --> 00:01:52,120 Speaker 1: I wasn't sure if I was remembering it right. But yeah, 34 00:01:52,160 --> 00:01:56,880 Speaker 1: he he gets the constellation basically because Hara hates Heracles 35 00:01:57,560 --> 00:02:00,520 Speaker 1: and the crab like bites him on the foot, and 36 00:02:00,560 --> 00:02:04,000 Speaker 1: then Heracles kills the crab, and Hera is like, well, 37 00:02:04,000 --> 00:02:05,960 Speaker 1: good job biting him on the foot. I'll put you 38 00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:12,400 Speaker 1: in the sky forever. The Greek gods. Well, I do 39 00:02:12,520 --> 00:02:13,959 Speaker 1: have a fun one that I found though, that I 40 00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:16,840 Speaker 1: want to share with everybody. This one I discovered in 41 00:02:16,880 --> 00:02:20,079 Speaker 1: the book Japanese Mythology A to Z by Jeremy Roberts. 42 00:02:20,639 --> 00:02:21,960 Speaker 1: I looked around to try and find in some other 43 00:02:22,000 --> 00:02:25,320 Speaker 1: places as well and didn't off hand. Um, I'm sure 44 00:02:25,320 --> 00:02:27,200 Speaker 1: it can be found other places, but this is the 45 00:02:27,200 --> 00:02:29,240 Speaker 1: only place I was able to find find it. I'm 46 00:02:29,240 --> 00:02:31,880 Speaker 1: going to retell it for you here, but I'll stress 47 00:02:32,040 --> 00:02:35,400 Speaker 1: that Jeremy roberts telling of it is is going to 48 00:02:35,440 --> 00:02:38,120 Speaker 1: be more dramatic than mine, So definitely go to that 49 00:02:38,200 --> 00:02:41,040 Speaker 1: source if you want to see it for yourself. So 50 00:02:41,080 --> 00:02:44,079 Speaker 1: that is how it goes down. A young girl, uh 51 00:02:44,400 --> 00:02:46,919 Speaker 1: buys a crab from a fisherman in order to save 52 00:02:47,000 --> 00:02:49,440 Speaker 1: the crabs life. She's doing you know, that basic thing 53 00:02:49,480 --> 00:02:51,359 Speaker 1: that a lot of little kids will do, where they suddenly, 54 00:02:51,400 --> 00:02:54,040 Speaker 1: you know, they'll feel sorry for a captive animal or 55 00:02:54,040 --> 00:02:57,000 Speaker 1: a food animal and they want to to save it. 56 00:02:57,320 --> 00:02:59,639 Speaker 1: And so that's what this girl does. She buys the crab, 57 00:03:00,240 --> 00:03:05,160 Speaker 1: lets it go. Meanwhile, her father is in a similar scenario. 58 00:03:05,800 --> 00:03:08,839 Speaker 1: He's trying to save a frog from a snake. I'm 59 00:03:08,880 --> 00:03:11,919 Speaker 1: not sure why, but he's trying to do this. He's like, no, snake, 60 00:03:12,000 --> 00:03:13,840 Speaker 1: you do not get to eat this frog. I'm not 61 00:03:13,880 --> 00:03:17,840 Speaker 1: gonna let you do it, and the snake finally is like, okay, look, 62 00:03:18,280 --> 00:03:21,120 Speaker 1: I'll spare the frog's life, but you have to let 63 00:03:21,160 --> 00:03:26,600 Speaker 1: me marry your daughter, and Dad agrees. So we we 64 00:03:26,600 --> 00:03:29,960 Speaker 1: don't know anything about this frog. It's not special, like 65 00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:32,400 Speaker 1: it wasn't his brother who got turned into a frog 66 00:03:32,520 --> 00:03:36,120 Speaker 1: or something. There has to be more to this story. Um. 67 00:03:36,320 --> 00:03:39,880 Speaker 1: You know, I've been reading a lot about various yokai recently, 68 00:03:40,120 --> 00:03:42,600 Speaker 1: and you know, with with those Chinese ghost stories, there's 69 00:03:42,640 --> 00:03:45,280 Speaker 1: often some hidden meaning. You know, maybe it comes down 70 00:03:45,320 --> 00:03:48,040 Speaker 1: to a turn of phrase, you know, something that's not 71 00:03:48,080 --> 00:03:51,280 Speaker 1: going to be obvious in a pure English translation, or 72 00:03:51,320 --> 00:03:55,320 Speaker 1: it's something metaphorical, etcetera. So I don't know exactly what 73 00:03:55,480 --> 00:03:57,360 Speaker 1: is going on here, but I think it can't just 74 00:03:57,400 --> 00:04:00,480 Speaker 1: be the fact that Dad just loves frogs and loves 75 00:04:00,480 --> 00:04:03,480 Speaker 1: frogs more than he loves his daughter. Um. But at 76 00:04:03,520 --> 00:04:06,880 Speaker 1: any rate, this is the scenario we find ourselves in. Okay, 77 00:04:07,440 --> 00:04:11,280 Speaker 1: So what happens? Well, that night, the snake arrives, but 78 00:04:11,400 --> 00:04:15,080 Speaker 1: arrives in human form and tries to claim his bride. 79 00:04:15,360 --> 00:04:18,080 Speaker 1: And so Dad at this point has not even warned 80 00:04:18,160 --> 00:04:22,160 Speaker 1: his daughter about what he agreed to. Uh, so he's 81 00:04:22,160 --> 00:04:24,480 Speaker 1: he's able to buy a little time. He's like, look, look, 82 00:04:25,080 --> 00:04:28,000 Speaker 1: just come back in a few days, and the snake agrees. 83 00:04:28,640 --> 00:04:30,920 Speaker 1: So Dad has a little opportunity here to talk with 84 00:04:30,920 --> 00:04:32,839 Speaker 1: his daughter. He tells her what has happened, and she 85 00:04:33,040 --> 00:04:36,359 Speaker 1: is rightfully horrified. She hides away in her room and 86 00:04:36,440 --> 00:04:40,080 Speaker 1: she prays to the gods for delivery from this, uh, 87 00:04:40,120 --> 00:04:42,880 Speaker 1: this snaky fate, and the gods do not answer her 88 00:04:42,880 --> 00:04:48,120 Speaker 1: prayers because they're too busy putting crabs in the sky. Perhaps, yeah, 89 00:04:48,160 --> 00:04:50,560 Speaker 1: it doesn't say that the gods are are listening to her. 90 00:04:50,960 --> 00:04:54,799 Speaker 1: And meanwhile, you know the the the two days pass 91 00:04:55,200 --> 00:04:57,479 Speaker 1: and here comes the snake again, only this time the 92 00:04:57,520 --> 00:05:00,520 Speaker 1: snake has come in its serpentine for warm. It's an 93 00:05:00,440 --> 00:05:04,240 Speaker 1: animal form. It enters her room, and just when it 94 00:05:04,279 --> 00:05:07,800 Speaker 1: seems that she is completely abandoned to this fate, a 95 00:05:07,960 --> 00:05:11,640 Speaker 1: thousand crabs burst through the door and consume the snake, 96 00:05:11,760 --> 00:05:17,120 Speaker 1: just you know, completely deflesh it. A thousand crabs. And 97 00:05:17,160 --> 00:05:19,440 Speaker 1: so I guess the idea is like this is that 98 00:05:19,440 --> 00:05:22,760 Speaker 1: that she spared the crab earlier, and so she had 99 00:05:23,040 --> 00:05:24,800 Speaker 1: she had a friend in the crabs, And or you 100 00:05:24,800 --> 00:05:27,640 Speaker 1: could also look at it like the gods did actually 101 00:05:27,680 --> 00:05:30,120 Speaker 1: reward her. They were listening and they allowed all these 102 00:05:30,160 --> 00:05:34,320 Speaker 1: crab saviors to come and yeah and yeah, save her 103 00:05:34,360 --> 00:05:37,200 Speaker 1: from this snake and she marries the swarm of crabs. 104 00:05:37,960 --> 00:05:40,719 Speaker 1: I don't know, maybe, but but I love this because 105 00:05:40,720 --> 00:05:43,000 Speaker 1: it's also like, oh man, this is something you could have, 106 00:05:43,160 --> 00:05:46,440 Speaker 1: like a swarm of crabs tearing tearing an enemy apart 107 00:05:46,560 --> 00:05:49,599 Speaker 1: like that that should be in a film somewhere somehow, 108 00:05:49,640 --> 00:05:52,240 Speaker 1: this whole thing could be adapted into some sort of 109 00:05:52,960 --> 00:05:57,120 Speaker 1: like a weird horror tale. Yeah, crabs are not usually 110 00:05:57,240 --> 00:06:00,720 Speaker 1: the hero of a story. M Yeah, this this is 111 00:06:00,760 --> 00:06:02,599 Speaker 1: maybe the only one I've really been able to find 112 00:06:03,160 --> 00:06:05,599 Speaker 1: so far. But hey, if you know some good crab 113 00:06:05,680 --> 00:06:08,359 Speaker 1: hero stories out there, right in, because we'd love to 114 00:06:08,360 --> 00:06:10,559 Speaker 1: hear from you, because yeah, generally it seems like crabs 115 00:06:10,560 --> 00:06:12,960 Speaker 1: are going to be a minor character. Uh. You know, 116 00:06:13,160 --> 00:06:15,640 Speaker 1: let's think of Disney's a Little Mermaid, right. The crab 117 00:06:15,760 --> 00:06:20,000 Speaker 1: is just there to be a friend to arial the Mermaid. Uh. 118 00:06:20,200 --> 00:06:22,599 Speaker 1: I guess maybe he comes through a time or two, 119 00:06:22,600 --> 00:06:25,160 Speaker 1: but he's he's not the focus. He's not the he's 120 00:06:25,200 --> 00:06:27,320 Speaker 1: not the big central hero. But you know, I think 121 00:06:27,400 --> 00:06:31,760 Speaker 1: it's a kind of mechanically intuitive pairing to have snakes 122 00:06:31,760 --> 00:06:34,760 Speaker 1: and crabs together in a tale like this. Yeah, it 123 00:06:34,839 --> 00:06:38,480 Speaker 1: does seem like it's something that storytellers around the world 124 00:06:38,560 --> 00:06:42,200 Speaker 1: have come back to a few times. Um For instance, 125 00:06:42,240 --> 00:06:46,479 Speaker 1: there's this crab snake duology in the Aesop fable The 126 00:06:46,520 --> 00:06:50,919 Speaker 1: Snake and the Crab. Also, speaking of Disney movies, it 127 00:06:51,000 --> 00:06:54,520 Speaker 1: factors into Disney's The Sword in the Stone, which is 128 00:06:54,800 --> 00:06:57,760 Speaker 1: a King Arthur movie that I imagine a number of 129 00:06:57,839 --> 00:07:00,520 Speaker 1: you have seen and they're familiar with. It's an otherwise, 130 00:07:00,560 --> 00:07:02,880 Speaker 1: in my opinion, it's it's kind of a boring film. 131 00:07:02,880 --> 00:07:05,680 Speaker 1: It doesn't have a lot going on, except it has 132 00:07:05,760 --> 00:07:11,320 Speaker 1: this fabulous wizard battle between Merlin and this this evil 133 00:07:11,360 --> 00:07:13,560 Speaker 1: witch who I think was created for the Like, it's 134 00:07:13,600 --> 00:07:16,880 Speaker 1: not Morgana or anything. It's just it's just this witch 135 00:07:16,920 --> 00:07:22,040 Speaker 1: that he battles, Mab I think her name is Mim Mim. Yeah, 136 00:07:22,080 --> 00:07:24,280 Speaker 1: I think you think you're right. So anyway, it's a 137 00:07:24,280 --> 00:07:28,920 Speaker 1: battle between between two magic users and the whole The 138 00:07:29,160 --> 00:07:30,880 Speaker 1: rules of the battle are that they have to fight 139 00:07:30,920 --> 00:07:33,680 Speaker 1: each other. Uh. No one can turn invisible. You can 140 00:07:33,760 --> 00:07:37,240 Speaker 1: only transform into real world animals, not in to fantasy 141 00:07:37,280 --> 00:07:40,200 Speaker 1: animals and we're going to see who who winds up 142 00:07:40,240 --> 00:07:43,240 Speaker 1: on top. So it's a fabulous sequence where they jump 143 00:07:43,240 --> 00:07:45,800 Speaker 1: in and out of various animal forms and there, and 144 00:07:45,960 --> 00:07:47,920 Speaker 1: you know, generally trying to counter each other. And in 145 00:07:48,000 --> 00:07:51,280 Speaker 1: this it actually reminds me a lot of of of 146 00:07:51,320 --> 00:07:55,679 Speaker 1: another of a Japanese story about foxes that are engaging 147 00:07:55,720 --> 00:07:59,440 Speaker 1: in a similar competition, magical foxes who are transforming themselves 148 00:07:59,440 --> 00:08:02,280 Speaker 1: into different forms, and like one transforms into this and 149 00:08:02,280 --> 00:08:05,400 Speaker 1: the other transforms into something to sort of uh counter that, 150 00:08:05,560 --> 00:08:08,840 Speaker 1: and it just keeps going. And in this case, one 151 00:08:08,880 --> 00:08:12,160 Speaker 1: of them transforms into a snake and the other transforms 152 00:08:12,200 --> 00:08:15,360 Speaker 1: into a crab in order to of course clip that 153 00:08:15,440 --> 00:08:17,840 Speaker 1: snake in half if it can. Yeah, this comes back 154 00:08:17,840 --> 00:08:20,760 Speaker 1: to that mechanically intuitive pairing I was talking about where 155 00:08:21,160 --> 00:08:23,720 Speaker 1: I think people just have a natural tendency that goes 156 00:08:23,760 --> 00:08:26,440 Speaker 1: like this. So first step you see a thing that 157 00:08:26,600 --> 00:08:29,040 Speaker 1: is longer than it is wide, and then the second 158 00:08:29,080 --> 00:08:32,800 Speaker 1: step you automatically think about cutting or snipping it cross wise. 159 00:08:33,360 --> 00:08:37,280 Speaker 1: So snakes are naturally long and crabs have biological scissors 160 00:08:37,280 --> 00:08:41,920 Speaker 1: on their legs. Yes, um I also, yeah, Ni Nim 161 00:08:41,960 --> 00:08:44,080 Speaker 1: is great in this, but also I have to say 162 00:08:44,120 --> 00:08:46,760 Speaker 1: that Merlin has a wonderful animated mustache as long as 163 00:08:46,760 --> 00:08:50,800 Speaker 1: we're we're focusing on November mustaches here, And it makes sense, 164 00:08:50,880 --> 00:08:53,160 Speaker 1: right because we think of the like the mouth parts 165 00:08:53,200 --> 00:08:57,200 Speaker 1: of a crab, it's easy to to imply some sort 166 00:08:57,240 --> 00:08:59,640 Speaker 1: of a mustache going on there as well. Oh yeah, 167 00:08:59,640 --> 00:09:02,080 Speaker 1: it fits right in there. Now I want to say 168 00:09:02,120 --> 00:09:04,400 Speaker 1: something else here. I thought that this is worth noting 169 00:09:04,400 --> 00:09:07,280 Speaker 1: about the crab, the crab form, and about how the 170 00:09:07,520 --> 00:09:10,640 Speaker 1: crab is just ultimately this winning design. In fact, it's 171 00:09:10,679 --> 00:09:12,760 Speaker 1: such a winning design that, according to a two thousand 172 00:09:12,760 --> 00:09:16,240 Speaker 1: twenty one Harvard University study, the crab like body plan 173 00:09:16,360 --> 00:09:20,920 Speaker 1: evolved at least five times independently in both true crabs 174 00:09:21,160 --> 00:09:26,400 Speaker 1: and false crabs. So that's at least five cases of carcinization. Uh. 175 00:09:26,440 --> 00:09:30,800 Speaker 1: This is a term that was coined by evolutionary biologist l. A. 176 00:09:30,840 --> 00:09:34,480 Speaker 1: Bora Dale in nineteen sixteen. And on top of this, 177 00:09:34,600 --> 00:09:37,120 Speaker 1: the Harvard study points out that the crab body has 178 00:09:37,160 --> 00:09:39,880 Speaker 1: been lost at least seven times, so this would be 179 00:09:39,920 --> 00:09:45,440 Speaker 1: a process that they refer to as d carcinization. So, um, 180 00:09:45,640 --> 00:09:47,800 Speaker 1: I love this idea. I mean this kind of falls 181 00:09:47,800 --> 00:09:50,840 Speaker 1: into I think a popular meme about everything becoming crabs, 182 00:09:50,920 --> 00:09:54,400 Speaker 1: about how, given enough time, the crab form will be 183 00:09:54,440 --> 00:09:58,079 Speaker 1: the form of everything because it just works so exceedingly well. Now, 184 00:09:58,120 --> 00:10:00,840 Speaker 1: I do enjoy that meme. I guess technically, if we 185 00:10:00,880 --> 00:10:04,000 Speaker 1: want to be pedantic, it's about certain types of arthropods, 186 00:10:04,080 --> 00:10:07,400 Speaker 1: like you've already got certain a certain body plan to 187 00:10:07,480 --> 00:10:10,800 Speaker 1: start with, and if you're starting their things that are like, 188 00:10:11,000 --> 00:10:13,280 Speaker 1: you know, lobster ish or something in one way or 189 00:10:13,320 --> 00:10:16,320 Speaker 1: another often are shaped by their environment to become more 190 00:10:16,400 --> 00:10:19,560 Speaker 1: crab like. But yeah, yeah, thumbs up to the meme. 191 00:10:21,240 --> 00:10:23,560 Speaker 1: So the first crab I thought we might talk about 192 00:10:23,600 --> 00:10:27,599 Speaker 1: here today, uh sometimes referred to as the Yeti crab 193 00:10:27,760 --> 00:10:31,960 Speaker 1: or the hof crab. It's it's actual name is perhaps 194 00:10:32,000 --> 00:10:34,840 Speaker 1: a better suited for this interesting creature. Now, there are 195 00:10:34,760 --> 00:10:38,280 Speaker 1: a few different varieties, but the one of the first 196 00:10:38,320 --> 00:10:41,040 Speaker 1: that was really discovered that really set the trend is 197 00:10:41,200 --> 00:10:45,160 Speaker 1: Kiwa Hersuta. Kiwa is the name of the Maori sea god, 198 00:10:45,559 --> 00:10:49,520 Speaker 1: and then Hersuita is Latin for Harry. So Kiwa Hersuta 199 00:10:50,000 --> 00:10:52,679 Speaker 1: was discovered by a team from the Monterey Bay Aquarium 200 00:10:52,679 --> 00:10:55,800 Speaker 1: in two thousands six along the Pacific Antarctic Ridge south 201 00:10:55,840 --> 00:10:59,360 Speaker 1: of Easter island and it is a is a wonderful 202 00:10:59,360 --> 00:11:04,600 Speaker 1: looking creature, this pale, hairy looking crab, kind of elongated looking. 203 00:11:04,640 --> 00:11:06,320 Speaker 1: I would say, it looks a little bit like, you know, 204 00:11:06,360 --> 00:11:09,040 Speaker 1: some sort of a lobster perhaps, but it has no 205 00:11:09,240 --> 00:11:13,640 Speaker 1: eyes and it lives on hydrothermal vents. So this discovery 206 00:11:13,679 --> 00:11:16,359 Speaker 1: gave us not only a new species, but a new genus, 207 00:11:16,760 --> 00:11:20,520 Speaker 1: that Keywa genus. And there are other Cua crabs that 208 00:11:20,520 --> 00:11:24,480 Speaker 1: have popped up, including Kiwa ty lerry found off the 209 00:11:24,480 --> 00:11:27,880 Speaker 1: Southern found in the Southern Ocean off of Antarctica. And 210 00:11:27,960 --> 00:11:31,200 Speaker 1: this species is probably my favorite, as in my opinion, 211 00:11:31,480 --> 00:11:34,240 Speaker 1: it's a little more cute looking, it's less elongated, and 212 00:11:34,320 --> 00:11:38,120 Speaker 1: it's more it's more plump. It looks I don't know, 213 00:11:38,160 --> 00:11:41,200 Speaker 1: it just looks like like like it it belongs in 214 00:11:41,240 --> 00:11:44,360 Speaker 1: a cartoon, you know, yes, And it's a great example 215 00:11:44,400 --> 00:11:46,640 Speaker 1: of the kinds of things we were just talking about, 216 00:11:46,640 --> 00:11:49,840 Speaker 1: with these sort of converging forms of different types of 217 00:11:49,840 --> 00:11:53,000 Speaker 1: of marine arthropods. Because technically the Kywa genus are not 218 00:11:53,520 --> 00:11:56,760 Speaker 1: true crabs. I think they are a type of lobster 219 00:11:57,080 --> 00:12:01,320 Speaker 1: or lobster related organism. But they're they're super cool. I 220 00:12:01,320 --> 00:12:05,559 Speaker 1: mean they're also focusing just on Tylery here it has 221 00:12:05,600 --> 00:12:10,120 Speaker 1: a tiny habitat, a mere thermal envelope of a few 222 00:12:10,120 --> 00:12:14,480 Speaker 1: square meters deep along the East Scotia Ridge. Um, it's 223 00:12:14,520 --> 00:12:17,680 Speaker 1: here that they live by these black smokers. These are vents, 224 00:12:18,160 --> 00:12:21,120 Speaker 1: These a chimney like vents that spew dark water that 225 00:12:21,160 --> 00:12:26,320 Speaker 1: reaches temperatures of roughly seven degrees fahrenheit or three degrees celsius. 226 00:12:26,760 --> 00:12:30,200 Speaker 1: They live in heaps here, sometimes like six thousand crabs 227 00:12:30,240 --> 00:12:34,520 Speaker 1: per square meter, and they're cramped in here because outside 228 00:12:34,520 --> 00:12:37,680 Speaker 1: of this narrow proximity to the Black Smokers, the ocean 229 00:12:37,720 --> 00:12:42,000 Speaker 1: is extremely cold. Uh. So they're they're this fascinating example 230 00:12:42,000 --> 00:12:47,440 Speaker 1: of extremophile life suspended between boiling eruptions and chilling darkness. 231 00:12:47,440 --> 00:12:50,679 Speaker 1: Like this is the niche that they've carved out for themselves. 232 00:12:51,320 --> 00:12:55,920 Speaker 1: It's also interesting to imagine how they would spread between 233 00:12:55,960 --> 00:12:58,440 Speaker 1: one vent to another. You know that you almost have 234 00:12:58,520 --> 00:13:01,640 Speaker 1: to imagine their lifestyle is like a uh you know, 235 00:13:01,760 --> 00:13:05,880 Speaker 1: living on these tiny islands in a way. Yeah yeah, 236 00:13:06,000 --> 00:13:09,520 Speaker 1: so yeah, so they're on these little little islands and 237 00:13:09,720 --> 00:13:12,320 Speaker 1: uh and they're they're jocking position here. So you tend 238 00:13:12,360 --> 00:13:14,720 Speaker 1: to find like the older bigger crabs are are are 239 00:13:14,840 --> 00:13:18,360 Speaker 1: towards the center, towards the heat, and the adolescents are 240 00:13:18,360 --> 00:13:22,439 Speaker 1: having to to scramble for position on the outside. Meanwhile, 241 00:13:22,840 --> 00:13:26,360 Speaker 1: the hot, sulfur rich zone is is likely too much 242 00:13:26,400 --> 00:13:29,640 Speaker 1: for their eggs, so the females seem to have to 243 00:13:29,679 --> 00:13:33,200 Speaker 1: crawl off into the colder, darker waters to brood and 244 00:13:33,240 --> 00:13:35,720 Speaker 1: they likely die there. They likely just don't have the energy. 245 00:13:35,800 --> 00:13:37,520 Speaker 1: They spend all their energy going out to do that 246 00:13:37,559 --> 00:13:40,719 Speaker 1: and they can't make it back. But the females. Then 247 00:13:40,920 --> 00:13:44,360 Speaker 1: this releases a vast quantity of larvae into the water 248 00:13:44,480 --> 00:13:47,640 Speaker 1: column and some of these end up finding distant vents, 249 00:13:47,920 --> 00:13:51,439 Speaker 1: others returning to their own vent um. So you have 250 00:13:51,880 --> 00:13:54,640 Speaker 1: this is how we end up with with with with 251 00:13:54,760 --> 00:13:59,880 Speaker 1: the larvae from from a particular hydrothermal vent location potentially 252 00:14:00,040 --> 00:14:02,599 Speaker 1: ending up at other vents. Yeah, like a lot of 253 00:14:02,720 --> 00:14:05,520 Speaker 1: organisms in the ocean, they've got this sort of broadcasting 254 00:14:05,640 --> 00:14:09,480 Speaker 1: method of reproduction that allows allows uh the organisms to 255 00:14:09,480 --> 00:14:12,319 Speaker 1: spread in their in their larval forms. Yeah. I was 256 00:14:12,360 --> 00:14:15,680 Speaker 1: reading a great article about this in on the BBC 257 00:14:15,800 --> 00:14:18,800 Speaker 1: website by Jonathan Amos wrote about them in two thousand 258 00:14:18,880 --> 00:14:21,280 Speaker 1: eighteen and points out the first of all the last 259 00:14:21,320 --> 00:14:24,440 Speaker 1: common ancestor of all these various YETI crabs, probably live 260 00:14:24,520 --> 00:14:27,240 Speaker 1: thirty to forty million years ago in the Eastern Pacific. 261 00:14:27,800 --> 00:14:29,640 Speaker 1: And so what we have here are these different far 262 00:14:29,760 --> 00:14:34,520 Speaker 1: flung ancestors due to the successful colonization of hydrothermal vents 263 00:14:34,680 --> 00:14:38,320 Speaker 1: by dispersed larvae UM and so the other. Then the 264 00:14:38,320 --> 00:14:40,560 Speaker 1: crazy thing about all this too is once they have 265 00:14:40,720 --> 00:14:44,040 Speaker 1: found of a place to thrive, that doesn't mean that 266 00:14:44,080 --> 00:14:47,600 Speaker 1: this is a forever home um. In Amos's words, these 267 00:14:47,680 --> 00:14:51,240 Speaker 1: various events quote switch on and off through time. So 268 00:14:51,360 --> 00:14:55,080 Speaker 1: event that has this thriving population of of of Yetti 269 00:14:55,120 --> 00:14:58,440 Speaker 1: crabs around it may just suddenly turn off, and then 270 00:14:58,480 --> 00:15:01,840 Speaker 1: everything around that just eyes in the cold um. And 271 00:15:01,880 --> 00:15:04,480 Speaker 1: then it may turn back on later uh, and then 272 00:15:04,520 --> 00:15:07,560 Speaker 1: it's a place that the larvae can can can can 273 00:15:07,640 --> 00:15:10,960 Speaker 1: arrive at and life can sort of begin again until 274 00:15:11,000 --> 00:15:13,440 Speaker 1: such time as it just turns off. Returning to the 275 00:15:13,480 --> 00:15:16,120 Speaker 1: island analogy, you have to imagine like a small island 276 00:15:16,160 --> 00:15:19,160 Speaker 1: that has a thriving ecosystem on it, and then suddenly 277 00:15:19,240 --> 00:15:21,800 Speaker 1: it just gets like a dome clamped over it that 278 00:15:21,880 --> 00:15:25,600 Speaker 1: turns it into a sub zero freezer. And then at 279 00:15:25,640 --> 00:15:28,080 Speaker 1: some point, maybe the dome is suddenly lifted and it's 280 00:15:28,440 --> 00:15:33,000 Speaker 1: exposed to the sun again. Yeah. Yeah, and so this 281 00:15:33,040 --> 00:15:35,480 Speaker 1: is why any given species of yeti crab has to 282 00:15:35,600 --> 00:15:40,000 Speaker 1: ultimately maintain multiple footholds at different events to survive. But 283 00:15:40,120 --> 00:15:42,760 Speaker 1: it also drives home the delicate how just how delicate 284 00:15:42,800 --> 00:15:47,200 Speaker 1: these event environments are, because um, if human activity wipes out, 285 00:15:47,240 --> 00:15:49,360 Speaker 1: you know, potentially, just like it seems like just one 286 00:15:49,440 --> 00:15:52,040 Speaker 1: or two of these vent habitats, they could potentially limit 287 00:15:52,080 --> 00:15:58,000 Speaker 1: a given species holdings to an unsustainable level. Um. I 288 00:15:58,040 --> 00:16:00,520 Speaker 1: don't know that researchers have really worked out. I mean 289 00:16:00,560 --> 00:16:02,800 Speaker 1: we we I don't think we know enough about like 290 00:16:02,880 --> 00:16:06,200 Speaker 1: you know, all the different places that they live. But yeah, 291 00:16:06,240 --> 00:16:08,760 Speaker 1: it's it. Basically, the idea is we we we don't 292 00:16:08,760 --> 00:16:12,160 Speaker 1: know just how delicate the situation is. If they're depending 293 00:16:12,200 --> 00:16:14,720 Speaker 1: on vents that may again turn off and back on 294 00:16:14,760 --> 00:16:17,200 Speaker 1: again at any given moment, they have to have a 295 00:16:17,200 --> 00:16:20,280 Speaker 1: foothole in a certain number, And if you start digging 296 00:16:20,280 --> 00:16:23,600 Speaker 1: into that number through deep sea mining or some other 297 00:16:23,920 --> 00:16:27,280 Speaker 1: human venture, then yeah, you potentially put them in in 298 00:16:27,320 --> 00:16:31,320 Speaker 1: an unsustainable place. Won't someone think of the dear crustaceans, 299 00:16:31,360 --> 00:16:33,960 Speaker 1: I mean, they are so cute. I mean it is uh, 300 00:16:34,680 --> 00:16:37,800 Speaker 1: probably easier than than with a lot of Arthur pods 301 00:16:37,800 --> 00:16:40,640 Speaker 1: in the ocean. Degenerate sympathy for them because they look 302 00:16:40,680 --> 00:16:44,000 Speaker 1: kind of like, yeah, these pale, fuzzy ticks. Uh, that 303 00:16:44,040 --> 00:16:46,600 Speaker 1: doesn't really folks sympathy, does it. But they yeah, they're 304 00:16:46,600 --> 00:16:51,200 Speaker 1: they're like plump and cute and I don't know they're good. Well. Also, Tyleria, 305 00:16:51,280 --> 00:16:53,320 Speaker 1: especially if you look at a picture of them from 306 00:16:53,320 --> 00:16:55,920 Speaker 1: a from above, it also kind of looked with the 307 00:16:55,960 --> 00:16:59,800 Speaker 1: pale colorization, it looks like a human skull from above 308 00:17:00,080 --> 00:17:03,720 Speaker 1: there's a human skull with skull cover colored legs and 309 00:17:03,800 --> 00:17:06,920 Speaker 1: claws coming out of it, which again doesn't sound very cute, 310 00:17:06,960 --> 00:17:09,720 Speaker 1: I guess, but um, but but it makes it makes 311 00:17:09,720 --> 00:17:11,720 Speaker 1: it a very interesting creature to look at. Now, I 312 00:17:11,720 --> 00:17:14,399 Speaker 1: should again stressed that we have different varieties and they 313 00:17:14,840 --> 00:17:18,879 Speaker 1: have some different um different features. For instance, tileery have 314 00:17:18,960 --> 00:17:23,840 Speaker 1: special spikes for scaling up those chimneys of the black smokers. Meanwhile, 315 00:17:23,880 --> 00:17:27,280 Speaker 1: there's a species found near Costa Rica which is Kiwa 316 00:17:27,800 --> 00:17:31,560 Speaker 1: pura vita, which doesn't have claws at all. Um. So 317 00:17:31,640 --> 00:17:33,320 Speaker 1: you have the have the different varieties, but what they 318 00:17:33,840 --> 00:17:36,400 Speaker 1: seem to all have in common is their namesake hair, 319 00:17:36,880 --> 00:17:39,600 Speaker 1: which is in here at all but set which they 320 00:17:39,720 --> 00:17:43,520 Speaker 1: use to collect bacteria growing around the hydrothermal vents and 321 00:17:43,560 --> 00:17:46,600 Speaker 1: also to grow it within these uh what if it's 322 00:17:46,640 --> 00:17:49,960 Speaker 1: sometimes referred to as gardens on their bodies, and then 323 00:17:49,960 --> 00:17:52,680 Speaker 1: they use their delicate mouthparts to scoop up and consume 324 00:17:52,840 --> 00:17:55,960 Speaker 1: the bacteria. So they are you know, they're they're walking 325 00:17:56,000 --> 00:17:58,600 Speaker 1: around growing their own food, collecting their own food and 326 00:17:58,600 --> 00:18:01,000 Speaker 1: then growing it on their own body. It's pretty great. 327 00:18:05,320 --> 00:18:09,439 Speaker 1: Thank thank thank well. This actually connects directly to a 328 00:18:09,480 --> 00:18:12,399 Speaker 1: couple more examples I wanted to talk about. So the 329 00:18:12,480 --> 00:18:15,920 Speaker 1: first one is connected by the idea of these deep 330 00:18:15,960 --> 00:18:21,320 Speaker 1: sea dwelling uh crustaceans that can be found around hydrothermal vents. 331 00:18:21,320 --> 00:18:25,440 Speaker 1: So I came across another report of interesting crab feeding behavior. 332 00:18:25,880 --> 00:18:29,320 Speaker 1: This this was from a short article and New Scientists 333 00:18:29,359 --> 00:18:32,560 Speaker 1: by Sam Wong, and the subject of this uh this 334 00:18:32,760 --> 00:18:36,160 Speaker 1: right up was video footage that had been captured by 335 00:18:36,320 --> 00:18:40,320 Speaker 1: a robotic deep submersible that was based off of the 336 00:18:40,400 --> 00:18:44,160 Speaker 1: Schmidt Ocean Institute's ship, the foul Core, and it had 337 00:18:44,200 --> 00:18:47,760 Speaker 1: been exploring life around deep hydrothermal vents in the Pacific 338 00:18:47,840 --> 00:18:51,200 Speaker 1: at a depth of thirty meters so way way down. 339 00:18:51,400 --> 00:18:54,040 Speaker 1: This was in the Mariana region. Well, I have to 340 00:18:54,040 --> 00:18:55,880 Speaker 1: slow down there. That it was called the foul Core. 341 00:18:55,960 --> 00:18:57,680 Speaker 1: So it was named for the Wish Dragon and the 342 00:18:57,760 --> 00:19:01,600 Speaker 1: Never Ending Story. I don't know what's awesome it so well, yeah, 343 00:19:01,840 --> 00:19:04,040 Speaker 1: I don't know this fal Core in the Never Earning 344 00:19:04,040 --> 00:19:06,399 Speaker 1: Story named after something else or is that original to 345 00:19:06,400 --> 00:19:10,000 Speaker 1: the book? I don't know offhand, so I cannot answer 346 00:19:10,080 --> 00:19:12,800 Speaker 1: your question. But that is its name, all right? Or 347 00:19:12,920 --> 00:19:16,840 Speaker 1: are you gonna apply to set sail on the Falcore? Now? No, 348 00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:20,040 Speaker 1: probably not, but I but I applaud the naming, uh 349 00:19:20,240 --> 00:19:23,639 Speaker 1: either way. So anyway, the submersible based off of this 350 00:19:23,680 --> 00:19:29,119 Speaker 1: ship was um capturing footage of crabs that were that 351 00:19:29,440 --> 00:19:33,719 Speaker 1: were around these hydrothermal hotspots, and this particular species was 352 00:19:33,800 --> 00:19:38,320 Speaker 1: known as austin O Greya Williams c. Apparently, not a 353 00:19:38,359 --> 00:19:42,280 Speaker 1: whole lot is known about them, but they inhabit these hotspots, 354 00:19:42,320 --> 00:19:44,600 Speaker 1: and like many other deep sea creatures, they tend to 355 00:19:44,600 --> 00:19:49,400 Speaker 1: be pale and lacking eyes and so as to the 356 00:19:49,440 --> 00:19:53,640 Speaker 1: diet of these crabs, they have been observed eating some 357 00:19:54,160 --> 00:19:58,040 Speaker 1: regular things like snails and algae, but they have also 358 00:19:58,080 --> 00:20:02,400 Speaker 1: been observed engaging in brew rutle cannibalism. You can find 359 00:20:02,400 --> 00:20:05,000 Speaker 1: some video footage of this. Uh. It's it's of a 360 00:20:05,080 --> 00:20:09,160 Speaker 1: particularly frenzied quality. It's just sort of like a big 361 00:20:09,280 --> 00:20:12,760 Speaker 1: murder puddle of pale crabs ripping legs and claws off 362 00:20:12,840 --> 00:20:15,760 Speaker 1: and and running away with them. Uh and and and 363 00:20:16,119 --> 00:20:19,000 Speaker 1: of course in addition to eating other things in their environment. 364 00:20:19,680 --> 00:20:23,560 Speaker 1: But on this expedition, footage was captured of these crabs 365 00:20:23,600 --> 00:20:27,679 Speaker 1: doing something a little gentler. They were appearing to groom 366 00:20:27,720 --> 00:20:32,600 Speaker 1: one another, eating bacteria off of the shells of con specifics. 367 00:20:33,359 --> 00:20:36,119 Speaker 1: So for example, you can see one crab going up 368 00:20:36,119 --> 00:20:39,560 Speaker 1: to another crab's leg and just sort of picking at it, 369 00:20:39,600 --> 00:20:41,680 Speaker 1: just picking it, not pulling the leg off and running 370 00:20:41,720 --> 00:20:43,879 Speaker 1: away with it, as they might be wont to do 371 00:20:43,920 --> 00:20:47,359 Speaker 1: in another situation, but just sort of like grazing along 372 00:20:47,400 --> 00:20:50,120 Speaker 1: the outside of the leg, getting some of this, uh, 373 00:20:50,200 --> 00:20:54,040 Speaker 1: this bacterial matting off of the surface of the of 374 00:20:54,119 --> 00:20:58,880 Speaker 1: the exoskeleton. And this is really interesting behavior. It makes 375 00:20:58,920 --> 00:21:02,800 Speaker 1: me wonder, like, what does this indicate about the nature 376 00:21:02,880 --> 00:21:06,199 Speaker 1: of the crab? Is it possible this could have some 377 00:21:06,280 --> 00:21:09,639 Speaker 1: kind of social role within crab society? Like the social 378 00:21:09,680 --> 00:21:13,320 Speaker 1: grooming behaviors of primates. I mean, on one hand, that 379 00:21:13,359 --> 00:21:15,800 Speaker 1: seems kind of unlikely because these are you know, these 380 00:21:15,800 --> 00:21:19,480 Speaker 1: are crabs. They're not they're not social mammals, um, you know. 381 00:21:19,560 --> 00:21:22,119 Speaker 1: So it could just be that bacteria is delicious and 382 00:21:22,880 --> 00:21:25,200 Speaker 1: here are some right now on on my on this 383 00:21:25,400 --> 00:21:27,720 Speaker 1: neighbor's leg. But I guess we don't know that this 384 00:21:27,960 --> 00:21:31,040 Speaker 1: kind of thing. I'd be interested to see more research about, 385 00:21:31,240 --> 00:21:33,880 Speaker 1: like could there be a role for some type of 386 00:21:34,000 --> 00:21:39,959 Speaker 1: social grooming within these within these deep see Arthur pod communities. Interesting. Interesting, 387 00:21:40,560 --> 00:21:42,800 Speaker 1: Now I had in the background here, Joe, I had 388 00:21:42,840 --> 00:21:45,640 Speaker 1: to do some quick research. And first of all, I 389 00:21:45,680 --> 00:21:49,000 Speaker 1: can confirm that the RV Falcore is in fact named 390 00:21:49,000 --> 00:21:52,679 Speaker 1: after the Wish dragon in The never Ending Story. Um. 391 00:21:52,760 --> 00:21:56,159 Speaker 1: It was. It was originally called the Cea Falcon, but 392 00:21:56,200 --> 00:22:00,160 Speaker 1: then it was retrofitted um later um and I believe 393 00:22:00,160 --> 00:22:03,520 Speaker 1: two thousand nine or so, and then it was renamed 394 00:22:03,680 --> 00:22:08,280 Speaker 1: the foul Core. Now the name Foulcore. Incidentally, Falcore is 395 00:22:08,480 --> 00:22:11,960 Speaker 1: the English uh name for the Wish dragon in the 396 00:22:12,000 --> 00:22:15,520 Speaker 1: English translation of Michael Linda's The Never Ending Story. In 397 00:22:15,800 --> 00:22:21,080 Speaker 1: the German the name is fukor fuc Hu. Are derived 398 00:22:21,160 --> 00:22:27,120 Speaker 1: from the Japanese term for lucky dragon fukur you uh 399 00:22:27,160 --> 00:22:29,600 Speaker 1: if I'm saying that correctly, And apparently it was changed 400 00:22:29,600 --> 00:22:33,800 Speaker 1: in the English translation because, um, the name future sounds 401 00:22:33,840 --> 00:22:37,400 Speaker 1: too much like an English language swear word. Okay, well, 402 00:22:37,760 --> 00:22:41,040 Speaker 1: I I feel very educated now. Um the way, did 403 00:22:41,040 --> 00:22:43,919 Speaker 1: they change the name of the type of dragon in 404 00:22:43,960 --> 00:22:46,239 Speaker 1: the movie because I remembered it from the movie as 405 00:22:46,280 --> 00:22:49,280 Speaker 1: being a luck dragon? Is it a wish dragon? In 406 00:22:49,320 --> 00:22:52,040 Speaker 1: the book? I might have accidentally said wish dragon just now, 407 00:22:52,040 --> 00:22:56,000 Speaker 1: but he is. He is a luck dragon. Wish dragon 408 00:22:56,119 --> 00:22:58,800 Speaker 1: is is a is a different film that I've also 409 00:22:58,840 --> 00:23:03,120 Speaker 1: watched recently. We watched all the dragon films. Okay, we'll 410 00:23:03,160 --> 00:23:05,439 Speaker 1: steady sailing to the falcore. But let's get back to 411 00:23:05,480 --> 00:23:08,560 Speaker 1: the world of crabs. What else do crabs eat? Okay, well, 412 00:23:08,600 --> 00:23:12,720 Speaker 1: so we talked about them growing bacteria on themselves and 413 00:23:12,800 --> 00:23:15,640 Speaker 1: eating it off of themselves, and then in some cases 414 00:23:16,480 --> 00:23:20,000 Speaker 1: performing grooming like behaviors where they graze bacteria off of 415 00:23:20,080 --> 00:23:22,200 Speaker 1: each other. But I want to move on to another 416 00:23:22,200 --> 00:23:25,879 Speaker 1: parallel finding. So okay, if you are even the slightest 417 00:23:25,920 --> 00:23:29,160 Speaker 1: bit crab curious, you probably know a bit about the 418 00:23:29,240 --> 00:23:33,320 Speaker 1: type of crabs known as spider crabs. This involves many 419 00:23:33,320 --> 00:23:36,360 Speaker 1: different species, all belonging to the super family known as 420 00:23:36,440 --> 00:23:40,360 Speaker 1: Majoi data. They're called spider crabs I think because their 421 00:23:40,440 --> 00:23:42,760 Speaker 1: legs can get very long and spind lee, so in 422 00:23:42,800 --> 00:23:46,119 Speaker 1: some cases they actually do look like spiders. One of 423 00:23:46,160 --> 00:23:49,560 Speaker 1: these animals, maybe the most remarkable spider crab is the 424 00:23:49,680 --> 00:23:53,879 Speaker 1: Japanese spider crab or macro chira camp Ferry, which is 425 00:23:54,000 --> 00:23:57,760 Speaker 1: the largest extant arthropod in the world. So this is 426 00:23:57,800 --> 00:24:01,080 Speaker 1: an ocean dwelling crab that still exists today. It's not 427 00:24:01,160 --> 00:24:05,480 Speaker 1: some you know, devonian, your yptorid, giant sea scorpion or something. 428 00:24:05,920 --> 00:24:08,879 Speaker 1: You can find these out in the ocean still, and 429 00:24:08,920 --> 00:24:11,639 Speaker 1: the largest one on record had a leg span of 430 00:24:11,840 --> 00:24:15,520 Speaker 1: around three point eight meters or more than twelve feet, 431 00:24:15,560 --> 00:24:18,480 Speaker 1: and it weighed something like forty something pounds. So these 432 00:24:18,520 --> 00:24:22,200 Speaker 1: things are enormous. They're mostly legs, so you know, they're 433 00:24:22,200 --> 00:24:25,040 Speaker 1: not like a solid mass that big, but if they 434 00:24:25,080 --> 00:24:27,760 Speaker 1: spread their legs out, it is it is bigger than 435 00:24:27,840 --> 00:24:31,600 Speaker 1: human body. Yeah, you can often find spider crabs at 436 00:24:31,760 --> 00:24:33,879 Speaker 1: at aquariums, and they always need to look at I mean, 437 00:24:33,880 --> 00:24:36,840 Speaker 1: they don't do much they're they're they're they're not really 438 00:24:36,880 --> 00:24:40,159 Speaker 1: action packed, but they're very impressive specimens. But there's actually 439 00:24:40,200 --> 00:24:44,840 Speaker 1: another interesting thing about this superfamily, the Majoidea. About three 440 00:24:45,000 --> 00:24:48,880 Speaker 1: quarters of the species in the superfamily are examples of 441 00:24:48,920 --> 00:24:53,840 Speaker 1: what is known as decorator crabs. Decorator crabs are animals 442 00:24:53,880 --> 00:24:58,560 Speaker 1: that live in symbiotic relationships with many different kinds of 443 00:24:58,800 --> 00:25:05,600 Speaker 1: sessile organis sums by attaching those organisms to their exoskeletons. Rob, 444 00:25:05,640 --> 00:25:07,959 Speaker 1: I've got some images for you to look at. Uh. 445 00:25:08,000 --> 00:25:10,560 Speaker 1: There are many different kinds that live in relationships with 446 00:25:10,600 --> 00:25:14,800 Speaker 1: many different kinds of other species, but generally a decorator 447 00:25:14,880 --> 00:25:19,080 Speaker 1: crab wears other plants or animals as clothing on the 448 00:25:19,119 --> 00:25:22,960 Speaker 1: outside of its shell as a form of camouflage to 449 00:25:23,000 --> 00:25:26,600 Speaker 1: blend into its surroundings. And it does this by hooking 450 00:25:26,640 --> 00:25:31,000 Speaker 1: these other organisms onto little bristles on its exoskeleton called 451 00:25:31,040 --> 00:25:34,919 Speaker 1: ct S E T A E, which I've seen compared 452 00:25:34,960 --> 00:25:37,240 Speaker 1: to velcrow, So this might be a sort of natural 453 00:25:37,320 --> 00:25:41,200 Speaker 1: precedent for for velcrow technology. There are lots of different 454 00:25:41,280 --> 00:25:43,560 Speaker 1: kinds of other creatures that get roped into this. Some 455 00:25:43,640 --> 00:25:49,520 Speaker 1: particular species of decorator crabs, uh, prefer algae, some prefer sponges, 456 00:25:50,040 --> 00:25:53,720 Speaker 1: some look for certain bryozoans, and some like anemonies that 457 00:25:53,800 --> 00:25:57,000 Speaker 1: can sting. Oh yeah, I think. Yeah. There's been some 458 00:25:57,000 --> 00:25:59,160 Speaker 1: some interesting studies we've probably talked about in the show 459 00:25:59,200 --> 00:26:04,439 Speaker 1: before about these uh, these anemone wielding crabs. Uh. And 460 00:26:04,480 --> 00:26:07,119 Speaker 1: then what what? They usually have one on each claw 461 00:26:07,320 --> 00:26:09,320 Speaker 1: and then if one gets taken away, they can care 462 00:26:09,400 --> 00:26:12,400 Speaker 1: one in half to have two again that sort of thing. 463 00:26:12,600 --> 00:26:16,040 Speaker 1: Were these the boxer crabs? Yeah, I think so. Well, yeah, 464 00:26:16,080 --> 00:26:19,720 Speaker 1: so that example in particular of anemon ees that can 465 00:26:19,760 --> 00:26:22,600 Speaker 1: give you a hint that sometimes these decorations on the 466 00:26:22,600 --> 00:26:26,600 Speaker 1: outside of the shell do more than simply camouflage the 467 00:26:26,600 --> 00:26:28,840 Speaker 1: animal as it hides among the rocks and the other 468 00:26:28,880 --> 00:26:32,120 Speaker 1: flora and fauna populating the sea floor. Some of these 469 00:26:32,160 --> 00:26:36,840 Speaker 1: decorator crabs select organisms that play a specific defensive role. 470 00:26:37,640 --> 00:26:40,679 Speaker 1: So I was looking at a table of findings of 471 00:26:40,680 --> 00:26:45,440 Speaker 1: this sword published in a book called Animal Camouflage, Mechanisms 472 00:26:45,440 --> 00:26:50,760 Speaker 1: and Function edited by Martin Stevens and Semi Mirlita. And 473 00:26:50,920 --> 00:26:53,840 Speaker 1: this was from Cambridge University Press in two thousand eleven, 474 00:26:54,119 --> 00:26:57,200 Speaker 1: and it lists a bunch of different examples of different 475 00:26:57,359 --> 00:27:01,600 Speaker 1: types of majoid crabs along with research identifying their preferred 476 00:27:01,640 --> 00:27:05,880 Speaker 1: decorations and possible reasons for that preference. So, for example, 477 00:27:05,960 --> 00:27:08,440 Speaker 1: there is a type of crab known as the innocous 478 00:27:08,880 --> 00:27:13,200 Speaker 1: Philangium or the leeches spider crab. It appears to prefer 479 00:27:13,240 --> 00:27:17,800 Speaker 1: a type of brown algae known as Dictyota dick atoma 480 00:27:18,160 --> 00:27:21,240 Speaker 1: for the parts of its body most exposed to predators. 481 00:27:21,480 --> 00:27:24,080 Speaker 1: And it turns out that this species of algae is 482 00:27:24,119 --> 00:27:28,520 Speaker 1: not only good camouflage, it is chemically noxious, So it 483 00:27:28,680 --> 00:27:31,800 Speaker 1: hides that this crab hides the vulnerable parts of its 484 00:27:31,800 --> 00:27:36,320 Speaker 1: body behind something that predators would probably find disgusting or 485 00:27:36,359 --> 00:27:39,359 Speaker 1: even poisonous. Uh. Maybe, like if you were trying to, 486 00:27:39,440 --> 00:27:42,359 Speaker 1: you know, protect yourself from tigers by covering your back 487 00:27:42,400 --> 00:27:44,960 Speaker 1: in bottles of bleach. You know, a tiger gets in 488 00:27:45,000 --> 00:27:47,080 Speaker 1: there and starts biting it's it's not gonna want any 489 00:27:47,119 --> 00:27:50,080 Speaker 1: of that. Also along these lines, there's an Atlantic spider 490 00:27:50,160 --> 00:27:53,000 Speaker 1: crab called Stino c o ops for cot Us that 491 00:27:53,160 --> 00:27:57,160 Speaker 1: preferentially attaches a species of stinging anemony to its carapace. 492 00:27:57,840 --> 00:28:00,520 Speaker 1: And in both cases, these decorations would appear to provide 493 00:28:00,560 --> 00:28:04,639 Speaker 1: additional defenses. Beyond just masking the body in the environment. 494 00:28:05,080 --> 00:28:06,879 Speaker 1: But the crab from this list that I wanted to 495 00:28:06,880 --> 00:28:11,560 Speaker 1: focus on has a different relationship with its preferred decoration organism. 496 00:28:11,600 --> 00:28:16,080 Speaker 1: It likes to eat its own camouflage. So the animal 497 00:28:16,119 --> 00:28:19,960 Speaker 1: in question is known as noo Mithrax ursus, or the 498 00:28:20,080 --> 00:28:23,440 Speaker 1: hairy seaweed crab. I think the Latin name of its 499 00:28:23,800 --> 00:28:26,880 Speaker 1: of its species ursus, implies that it's also known as 500 00:28:26,920 --> 00:28:31,679 Speaker 1: the bear seaweed crab or sign bear. And folks, I 501 00:28:31,720 --> 00:28:33,840 Speaker 1: just want to say, off the bat, this is a 502 00:28:33,880 --> 00:28:37,840 Speaker 1: beautiful crab. In some cases it looks like a cartoon 503 00:28:38,040 --> 00:28:42,680 Speaker 1: animation of a crab being electrocuted. It's got like animated 504 00:28:42,720 --> 00:28:45,960 Speaker 1: electricity lines all around it. Also sometimes it looks like 505 00:28:46,000 --> 00:28:49,000 Speaker 1: a burst of fireworks from hell. It is just a 506 00:28:49,360 --> 00:28:52,200 Speaker 1: gorgeous Arthur pod. And I can definitely see where the 507 00:28:52,240 --> 00:28:54,120 Speaker 1: name comes in because it it is it looks like 508 00:28:54,200 --> 00:28:57,760 Speaker 1: it's furry like the bear. You know, yeah, totally um So, 509 00:28:58,120 --> 00:29:01,480 Speaker 1: it has some natural hairs that that stick out from 510 00:29:01,480 --> 00:29:04,920 Speaker 1: its exo skeleton. But it's also generally well actually not 511 00:29:05,000 --> 00:29:08,320 Speaker 1: in all environments, but in some environments it covers itself 512 00:29:08,400 --> 00:29:11,600 Speaker 1: in uh in. In these decorations that give it this 513 00:29:11,720 --> 00:29:15,880 Speaker 1: additionally hairy look. So according to an entry, I was 514 00:29:15,920 --> 00:29:19,520 Speaker 1: reading about it from the Museum's Victoria database the Australian 515 00:29:19,760 --> 00:29:23,760 Speaker 1: Um Natural History Museums. UH. These are found in rocky 516 00:29:23,800 --> 00:29:28,280 Speaker 1: shores and reefs around New Zealand and Southeastern Australia. And 517 00:29:28,320 --> 00:29:31,440 Speaker 1: I was further reading about this this species in a 518 00:29:32,240 --> 00:29:34,800 Speaker 1: in a research paper published in the New Zealand Journal 519 00:29:34,840 --> 00:29:37,920 Speaker 1: of Marine and Freshwater Research in nineteen ninety four by 520 00:29:38,040 --> 00:29:43,240 Speaker 1: Chris Woods and Colin McClay called masking and Ingestion Preferences 521 00:29:43,240 --> 00:29:46,600 Speaker 1: of the spider crab not a mythrax Ursus. And what 522 00:29:46,760 --> 00:29:51,320 Speaker 1: the researchers here say is that in laboratory tests, specimens 523 00:29:51,360 --> 00:29:53,920 Speaker 1: of this crab not a mithrax Ursus were found to 524 00:29:54,040 --> 00:29:57,360 Speaker 1: have preferences when it came to which organisms they would 525 00:29:57,440 --> 00:30:00,640 Speaker 1: mask with. So it wasn't just any algae. There are 526 00:30:00,640 --> 00:30:03,480 Speaker 1: certain kinds of algae they like to put on their shells, 527 00:30:04,120 --> 00:30:08,560 Speaker 1: and specifically it was types of branched algae like hallop 528 00:30:08,680 --> 00:30:14,479 Speaker 1: terrorists specific era and Corallina office analis. And I actually 529 00:30:14,520 --> 00:30:17,160 Speaker 1: just want to read in full a part from the 530 00:30:17,200 --> 00:30:20,840 Speaker 1: introductory section of this paper that describes the process of 531 00:30:20,880 --> 00:30:23,800 Speaker 1: attaching pieces of algae to the body because I found 532 00:30:23,800 --> 00:30:26,840 Speaker 1: it really fascinating to picture this routine as the crab 533 00:30:26,960 --> 00:30:29,840 Speaker 1: does it. Uh and so too. As a note to 534 00:30:29,880 --> 00:30:32,320 Speaker 1: help understand what I'm about to read here, the words 535 00:30:32,480 --> 00:30:35,920 Speaker 1: chili and chella pads refer to the claws. The chili 536 00:30:36,040 --> 00:30:39,040 Speaker 1: are the claws and the chili pads are the claw legs. 537 00:30:40,040 --> 00:30:43,920 Speaker 1: Pad isn't foot, so the authors write quote. The masking 538 00:30:43,960 --> 00:30:47,280 Speaker 1: behavior of in Ursus begins with the selection of a 539 00:30:47,360 --> 00:30:51,200 Speaker 1: clump of algae. The crab then selects a single piece 540 00:30:51,240 --> 00:30:54,840 Speaker 1: of alga, using the chili in a cella over cella 541 00:30:54,960 --> 00:30:58,440 Speaker 1: technique to correctly measure the piece of algae to the 542 00:30:58,520 --> 00:31:01,920 Speaker 1: required size, So the measuring it out using their claws 543 00:31:02,000 --> 00:31:05,080 Speaker 1: as a as a as a ruler. Basically, this piece 544 00:31:05,080 --> 00:31:08,320 Speaker 1: of alga is then snipped off using the cheli and 545 00:31:08,400 --> 00:31:11,240 Speaker 1: transferred to the mouth parts, where the cut end is 546 00:31:11,480 --> 00:31:15,479 Speaker 1: roughened and trimmed of any projections, while the uncut end 547 00:31:15,880 --> 00:31:19,000 Speaker 1: is held by both chelipeds. Okay, so holding it in 548 00:31:19,040 --> 00:31:22,640 Speaker 1: the claws and then chewing on the snipped end, putting 549 00:31:22,640 --> 00:31:24,760 Speaker 1: it in the mouth parts to chew on it. Then 550 00:31:24,800 --> 00:31:27,440 Speaker 1: once you've chewed up the cut end good uh quote. 551 00:31:27,720 --> 00:31:30,600 Speaker 1: One cheli pad is then used to transfer the piece 552 00:31:30,640 --> 00:31:33,719 Speaker 1: to a part of the body. Attachment is accomplished by 553 00:31:33,800 --> 00:31:36,520 Speaker 1: rubbing it against the hooked set so that the cut 554 00:31:36,640 --> 00:31:40,320 Speaker 1: end becomes entrapped by the set. If the algal piece 555 00:31:40,360 --> 00:31:42,960 Speaker 1: does not attach, it first is transferred back to the 556 00:31:42,960 --> 00:31:45,720 Speaker 1: mouth parts to be manipulated, and then taken back to 557 00:31:45,760 --> 00:31:48,320 Speaker 1: the side of attachment and rubbed against the hook set 558 00:31:48,560 --> 00:31:51,600 Speaker 1: until it attaches. If the piece of alga fails to 559 00:31:51,640 --> 00:31:54,560 Speaker 1: attach after a number of attempts, it is discarded and 560 00:31:54,600 --> 00:31:57,080 Speaker 1: a new piece is selected. I don't know why, but 561 00:31:57,120 --> 00:31:59,440 Speaker 1: I found this kind of surprising. Something seemed kind of 562 00:31:59,600 --> 00:32:04,440 Speaker 1: comple x and and and crafty about this process. Yeah, 563 00:32:04,480 --> 00:32:08,560 Speaker 1: I mean it. It's it's a process that may seem, 564 00:32:08,600 --> 00:32:11,240 Speaker 1: you know, out of beyond the abilities of what we 565 00:32:11,320 --> 00:32:13,840 Speaker 1: might might generally attribute to a crab. But then again, 566 00:32:13,880 --> 00:32:15,920 Speaker 1: we think about the way they eat, which we discussed 567 00:32:15,920 --> 00:32:19,120 Speaker 1: in the first episode, and it does sound like a 568 00:32:19,200 --> 00:32:21,400 Speaker 1: natural extension of that, Like this is an animal that 569 00:32:21,520 --> 00:32:26,600 Speaker 1: is very that excels at taking things apart um uh 570 00:32:26,800 --> 00:32:28,960 Speaker 1: you know I usually so it can fit those things 571 00:32:29,000 --> 00:32:31,880 Speaker 1: in its mouth, uh, and can consume it but this 572 00:32:31,960 --> 00:32:34,080 Speaker 1: is kind of a specialized version of the same thing, 573 00:32:34,400 --> 00:32:39,560 Speaker 1: manipulating living things um and then using the pieces of 574 00:32:39,560 --> 00:32:42,440 Speaker 1: that thing that you have manipulated. It ends up being 575 00:32:42,480 --> 00:32:48,200 Speaker 1: this kind of kind of like biomancy that the crab practices. Yeah, totally. 576 00:32:48,280 --> 00:32:51,160 Speaker 1: I just love that detail about it chewing the snipped 577 00:32:51,280 --> 00:32:53,440 Speaker 1: end of the alga in order to roughen it so 578 00:32:53,480 --> 00:32:56,960 Speaker 1: that it attaches to the vel crow on its back. Yeah. Now, 579 00:32:57,000 --> 00:32:59,800 Speaker 1: another interesting fact this paper mentions is that there is 580 00:32:59,840 --> 00:33:03,080 Speaker 1: a lot of turnover in the crabs algae mask. Apparently 581 00:33:03,160 --> 00:33:06,720 Speaker 1: not a Mithrax ursus replaces a good ten to twenty 582 00:33:07,160 --> 00:33:10,360 Speaker 1: of its algae cover every twenty four hours. That would mean, 583 00:33:10,920 --> 00:33:13,800 Speaker 1: you know, every roughly five to ten days, it's got 584 00:33:13,800 --> 00:33:18,000 Speaker 1: a new coat of algae on it. And apparently decorator 585 00:33:18,000 --> 00:33:21,720 Speaker 1: crabs that use algae in particular can be very strategic 586 00:33:21,840 --> 00:33:26,000 Speaker 1: about its benefits as camouflage. For example, previous research, so 587 00:33:26,160 --> 00:33:29,360 Speaker 1: not this study, but other studies they cite, had found 588 00:33:29,680 --> 00:33:32,479 Speaker 1: in some decorator species that when you put a crab 589 00:33:32,640 --> 00:33:35,360 Speaker 1: in a tank where it is surrounded by algae that 590 00:33:35,600 --> 00:33:39,240 Speaker 1: doesn't match the color of the algae on its current mask, 591 00:33:39,920 --> 00:33:43,360 Speaker 1: it will basically strip itself of the old algae and 592 00:33:43,480 --> 00:33:47,160 Speaker 1: redecorate itself with the new algae to match its environment. 593 00:33:47,880 --> 00:33:50,720 Speaker 1: And also research has shown that when given the option, 594 00:33:50,840 --> 00:33:54,200 Speaker 1: crabs will tend to stay hidden within masses of algae 595 00:33:54,520 --> 00:33:58,240 Speaker 1: that match the color of their existing mask. So these 596 00:33:58,280 --> 00:34:02,680 Speaker 1: crabs can distinguish between different types of masking materials and 597 00:34:02,720 --> 00:34:06,240 Speaker 1: they can make calls about masking and hiding behaviors to 598 00:34:06,360 --> 00:34:10,920 Speaker 1: maximize the camouflage effects. Wow, that's really it's really impressive. Yeah, 599 00:34:10,920 --> 00:34:13,840 Speaker 1: it's it. It goes beyond just this near sort of 600 00:34:13,880 --> 00:34:18,160 Speaker 1: automatic behavior that's taking place with anything that it happens 601 00:34:18,200 --> 00:34:20,879 Speaker 1: to come across, right, So, yeah, it's not just sort 602 00:34:20,880 --> 00:34:22,880 Speaker 1: of like rubbing up against a bunch of algae and 603 00:34:22,880 --> 00:34:25,719 Speaker 1: getting it stuck on there. It's picking the algae that 604 00:34:25,800 --> 00:34:28,880 Speaker 1: will that will do the best job of camouflage. But 605 00:34:29,160 --> 00:34:32,319 Speaker 1: the researchers in this study found a different kind of 606 00:34:32,360 --> 00:34:37,000 Speaker 1: discrimination in the selection of the masking material when it 607 00:34:37,040 --> 00:34:40,440 Speaker 1: came to Noto Mithrax ursus. They found that the algae 608 00:34:40,440 --> 00:34:44,040 Speaker 1: species the crabs preferred to mask with were the same 609 00:34:44,120 --> 00:34:47,279 Speaker 1: ones they preferred to eat. So if you make like 610 00:34:47,320 --> 00:34:50,560 Speaker 1: a ranked list of all of the algae that the 611 00:34:50,560 --> 00:34:53,120 Speaker 1: crab will go to first to eat which ones doesn't 612 00:34:53,160 --> 00:34:55,200 Speaker 1: like to consume the most That is going to be 613 00:34:55,239 --> 00:34:57,759 Speaker 1: the same as the list that it will choose to 614 00:34:57,800 --> 00:35:02,080 Speaker 1: put on its carapace and down its legs. So in 615 00:35:02,120 --> 00:35:05,200 Speaker 1: a way, here it looks like the camouflage is doubling 616 00:35:05,400 --> 00:35:10,320 Speaker 1: as food storage. This crab is hiding behind a mask 617 00:35:10,400 --> 00:35:13,680 Speaker 1: of its own lunch, so the algae on its back 618 00:35:13,719 --> 00:35:16,359 Speaker 1: will help it blend in with its environment, make it 619 00:35:16,400 --> 00:35:18,600 Speaker 1: look like a bunch of seaweed rather than a crab, 620 00:35:18,719 --> 00:35:22,520 Speaker 1: so predators are you know, are less likely to spot it. 621 00:35:23,000 --> 00:35:25,719 Speaker 1: But then also it can eat that seaweed. It can 622 00:35:25,760 --> 00:35:29,239 Speaker 1: eat that algae if it gets hungry. It's like if 623 00:35:29,239 --> 00:35:32,319 Speaker 1: we were to imagine a like an army sniper in 624 00:35:32,320 --> 00:35:35,359 Speaker 1: one of those gilly suits, but they insisted on only 625 00:35:35,400 --> 00:35:39,759 Speaker 1: camouflaging themselves with their favorite leafy greens so that they 626 00:35:39,760 --> 00:35:43,279 Speaker 1: could snack on it whilst while stalking, you know, and 627 00:35:43,280 --> 00:35:46,600 Speaker 1: and and waiting on their their target to appear. This 628 00:35:46,640 --> 00:35:51,200 Speaker 1: gilly suit is a super food kale only kale gilly suit. 629 00:35:51,280 --> 00:35:53,520 Speaker 1: I love it, though I guess it does make me 630 00:35:53,560 --> 00:35:55,520 Speaker 1: wonder maybe there is an answer to this. I'm not sure, 631 00:35:55,560 --> 00:35:58,640 Speaker 1: but it makes me wonder which way the adaptation goes, Like, 632 00:35:58,719 --> 00:36:01,520 Speaker 1: how how did it end up matching the food preferences 633 00:36:01,560 --> 00:36:05,160 Speaker 1: and the masking preferences? Um? So, like, was it because 634 00:36:05,160 --> 00:36:08,080 Speaker 1: a certain type of algae was the best, you know, 635 00:36:08,120 --> 00:36:12,200 Speaker 1: provided the best camouflage cover, the animal evolved to prefer 636 00:36:12,400 --> 00:36:15,359 Speaker 1: eating that kind or was it the kind that's most 637 00:36:15,440 --> 00:36:20,439 Speaker 1: delicious and nutritious it evolves to prefer for masking. Yeah, 638 00:36:20,480 --> 00:36:23,520 Speaker 1: that's a great question. Yeah, the crabs are silent on 639 00:36:23,560 --> 00:36:33,040 Speaker 1: the matter than all Right, up next we have this 640 00:36:33,080 --> 00:36:37,440 Speaker 1: will be a shorter little section here, but this is 641 00:36:37,440 --> 00:36:41,000 Speaker 1: something you you you pinpointed and then I followed up 642 00:36:41,000 --> 00:36:44,640 Speaker 1: by by looking at a source on it. But this 643 00:36:44,719 --> 00:36:47,839 Speaker 1: is the idea of crabs eating. This is so much 644 00:36:47,880 --> 00:36:52,640 Speaker 1: crabs eating something remarkably different, but crabs doing it in 645 00:36:52,680 --> 00:36:55,399 Speaker 1: a way we didn't expect. And that's crabs eating quote 646 00:36:55,480 --> 00:36:58,880 Speaker 1: unquote eating through their gills. Yeah, this is interesting, so 647 00:36:59,040 --> 00:37:01,799 Speaker 1: circumventing the look at mouth parts that you don't even 648 00:37:01,840 --> 00:37:04,839 Speaker 1: have to raise a jaw leg for this meal. Right, 649 00:37:05,520 --> 00:37:08,440 Speaker 1: So this concerns the invasive or at least invasive in 650 00:37:08,719 --> 00:37:12,279 Speaker 1: um uh North America and I believe in Africa as well. Uh. 651 00:37:12,400 --> 00:37:16,160 Speaker 1: The the invasive green shore crab, which we've discussed on 652 00:37:16,160 --> 00:37:18,920 Speaker 1: the show before. I believe in their native European waters 653 00:37:18,960 --> 00:37:21,600 Speaker 1: they are sometimes harvested for food, and there have been 654 00:37:21,640 --> 00:37:25,160 Speaker 1: efforts in North America, where it is certainly invasive, to 655 00:37:25,280 --> 00:37:28,200 Speaker 1: encourage its use in cooking. You know, what are some 656 00:37:28,239 --> 00:37:30,200 Speaker 1: culinary uses for this, and I think there have been 657 00:37:30,239 --> 00:37:33,359 Speaker 1: some some ideas of using it as like a uh 658 00:37:33,520 --> 00:37:37,000 Speaker 1: you know, like like a soup base and so forth. Um, 659 00:37:37,320 --> 00:37:40,720 Speaker 1: that's the same tactic you see with like invasive lion fish, 660 00:37:40,800 --> 00:37:42,840 Speaker 1: hinging on the fact that if you really want humans 661 00:37:42,880 --> 00:37:46,480 Speaker 1: to make a species disappear, make them desire that species 662 00:37:46,560 --> 00:37:49,080 Speaker 1: for some reason or another, such as making it an 663 00:37:49,120 --> 00:37:52,440 Speaker 1: ideal main course at a dinner. Sure. I think we've 664 00:37:52,480 --> 00:37:55,080 Speaker 1: actually covered the green shore crabs in a different capacity 665 00:37:55,120 --> 00:37:57,120 Speaker 1: on the show before. I don't remember what it was, though, 666 00:37:58,719 --> 00:38:01,480 Speaker 1: so as point it out in a two thousand seventeen 667 00:38:01,520 --> 00:38:04,560 Speaker 1: study from the University of Alberta, the green crabs are 668 00:38:04,760 --> 00:38:08,920 Speaker 1: pretty snazzy consumers in their own right because they can 669 00:38:08,960 --> 00:38:13,800 Speaker 1: again quote unquote eat by absorbing nutrients, specifically the amino 670 00:38:14,000 --> 00:38:19,239 Speaker 1: acid um loose sign across their gills. And this was 671 00:38:19,280 --> 00:38:22,440 Speaker 1: the first demonstration of crustaceans being able to do this. 672 00:38:23,000 --> 00:38:25,640 Speaker 1: Now that the crabs are notoriously hardy, as you often 673 00:38:25,640 --> 00:38:29,600 Speaker 1: see with an invasive species, um, so their bility disability 674 00:38:29,680 --> 00:38:33,600 Speaker 1: might enable them to survive long periods between meals. So 675 00:38:33,680 --> 00:38:35,880 Speaker 1: I don't have anything to eat, but I can absorb 676 00:38:35,960 --> 00:38:39,799 Speaker 1: some some necessary amino acids, or it might help them 677 00:38:39,800 --> 00:38:44,560 Speaker 1: cope with changes in salinity. So offsetting salinity changes via 678 00:38:44,800 --> 00:38:47,719 Speaker 1: the amino acids that they can absorb just straight through 679 00:38:47,719 --> 00:38:50,600 Speaker 1: their gills. Okay, so they would not be fully like 680 00:38:50,719 --> 00:38:53,680 Speaker 1: sucking in chunks of food through their gills and eating 681 00:38:53,680 --> 00:38:57,520 Speaker 1: like that. It's it's specifically getting these particular amino acids, 682 00:38:57,560 --> 00:39:01,319 Speaker 1: these particular nutrients out of the water around them as 683 00:39:01,360 --> 00:39:04,920 Speaker 1: they breathe. Yeah, so you know that's again whine we 684 00:39:04,960 --> 00:39:07,200 Speaker 1: put eat in quotation marks here. I guess it's kind 685 00:39:07,200 --> 00:39:10,840 Speaker 1: of like our humans eating when we absorb vitamin D 686 00:39:11,200 --> 00:39:14,400 Speaker 1: via sunlight, that sort of thing. Are we are we 687 00:39:14,480 --> 00:39:17,319 Speaker 1: eating when we get a you know, some sort of 688 00:39:17,320 --> 00:39:22,439 Speaker 1: a vitamin injection or something. Yes, Okay, I've got something 689 00:39:22,480 --> 00:39:25,839 Speaker 1: I was wondering about. Rob You may have seen it's 690 00:39:25,880 --> 00:39:30,880 Speaker 1: a very popular genre of internet video, uh feeding crabs 691 00:39:31,000 --> 00:39:33,719 Speaker 1: human food you know, I don't really think I've seen 692 00:39:34,320 --> 00:39:36,560 Speaker 1: any of these. What kind of foods are they feeding 693 00:39:36,560 --> 00:39:39,200 Speaker 1: them in these videos? Oh? Everything I've seen. I think 694 00:39:39,239 --> 00:39:42,040 Speaker 1: I've seen crabs eating pizza. I've seen crabs eating you know, 695 00:39:42,120 --> 00:39:46,240 Speaker 1: fruits and vegetables and chips and all the giving crab 696 00:39:46,280 --> 00:39:49,080 Speaker 1: derito is probably I don't remember all the specifics, but 697 00:39:49,560 --> 00:39:51,000 Speaker 1: you know, I've seen a good bit of this in 698 00:39:51,040 --> 00:39:55,800 Speaker 1: my day. Clearly, it's funny to look at, you know, crabs, 699 00:39:55,840 --> 00:39:58,080 Speaker 1: the kind of it thinks it's people sort of thing, 700 00:39:58,200 --> 00:40:01,640 Speaker 1: right exactly, A crab eating a rito is inherently comedic. 701 00:40:02,080 --> 00:40:03,879 Speaker 1: I don't know if it's good for the crab though, 702 00:40:03,880 --> 00:40:06,240 Speaker 1: then again, lots of crabs or scavengers, you know, they'll 703 00:40:06,239 --> 00:40:09,360 Speaker 1: eat what what they can get. Um. So, so I 704 00:40:09,360 --> 00:40:13,040 Speaker 1: guess I'm not too worried about the crabs. But but 705 00:40:13,040 --> 00:40:15,439 Speaker 1: but I just wondered, is there anything interesting to cover 706 00:40:15,600 --> 00:40:19,960 Speaker 1: about the phenomenon of crabs eating human food? All right, 707 00:40:20,040 --> 00:40:23,200 Speaker 1: so we cannot speak for all crabs. We will not 708 00:40:23,280 --> 00:40:28,399 Speaker 1: speak for all crabs. But one fun place, uh to 709 00:40:28,520 --> 00:40:30,840 Speaker 1: look for some answers that I thought would be to 710 00:40:30,840 --> 00:40:34,600 Speaker 1: look to the realm of hermit crabs as pets. Joe, 711 00:40:34,600 --> 00:40:36,200 Speaker 1: did you ever have a hermit crab as a pet? 712 00:40:36,520 --> 00:40:39,839 Speaker 1: I did not, did you. I've always wanted one, but um, 713 00:40:39,880 --> 00:40:44,279 Speaker 1: it's never been permitted. I'm always like that looks that 714 00:40:44,280 --> 00:40:46,800 Speaker 1: could be a great pet, and and and whoever is 715 00:40:46,840 --> 00:40:48,319 Speaker 1: in my life is always like, I don't know if 716 00:40:48,320 --> 00:40:51,360 Speaker 1: you need that, and they're they're probably correct. So you 717 00:40:51,360 --> 00:40:55,239 Speaker 1: mean your family now is preventing you from getting hermit crabs, right? 718 00:40:55,280 --> 00:40:57,200 Speaker 1: I think it's the Yeah. I think the argument is 719 00:40:57,920 --> 00:41:00,680 Speaker 1: a hermit crab is either too much pet or not 720 00:41:00,880 --> 00:41:04,719 Speaker 1: enough pet. So it's either a situation where like, uh, 721 00:41:04,880 --> 00:41:08,600 Speaker 1: you really, you know, ask yourself, do we have space 722 00:41:08,680 --> 00:41:10,719 Speaker 1: and time for this creature to live in our life 723 00:41:10,719 --> 00:41:14,080 Speaker 1: as well? Or it's a question of is there something 724 00:41:14,120 --> 00:41:16,640 Speaker 1: more exciting we could have, like a lizard, And that's like, 725 00:41:16,680 --> 00:41:18,160 Speaker 1: that's where we are now. We have a we have 726 00:41:18,200 --> 00:41:20,799 Speaker 1: a leopard gecko. We skipped over hermit crab and went 727 00:41:20,800 --> 00:41:25,480 Speaker 1: straight to leopard gecko. This is a vertebrate household, so 728 00:41:25,800 --> 00:41:28,000 Speaker 1: to be clear, there are more than one thousand hermit 729 00:41:28,000 --> 00:41:30,680 Speaker 1: crab species and you can roughly divide them all up 730 00:41:30,719 --> 00:41:34,319 Speaker 1: into marine hermit crabs and terrestrial hermit crabs. Uh, so 731 00:41:34,360 --> 00:41:36,239 Speaker 1: you're you know, you're your sea dwellers and then your 732 00:41:36,440 --> 00:41:39,960 Speaker 1: land dwellers. And there are a few different species that 733 00:41:40,000 --> 00:41:43,200 Speaker 1: are popular pets from either category, but the ones most 734 00:41:43,239 --> 00:41:46,400 Speaker 1: likely to encounter human food are of course those terrestrial crabs. 735 00:41:46,440 --> 00:41:48,760 Speaker 1: So I thought I might look at some terrestrial hermit 736 00:41:48,760 --> 00:41:53,160 Speaker 1: crab feeding guides for some ideas. Okay, so I went 737 00:41:53,200 --> 00:41:55,680 Speaker 1: to the spruce pets. This is I think it's from 738 00:41:55,680 --> 00:41:58,440 Speaker 1: the same people who like the sprucey heats, uh, And 739 00:41:58,800 --> 00:42:01,720 Speaker 1: they point out that commerce hermit crab diets are probably 740 00:42:01,719 --> 00:42:03,560 Speaker 1: the best way to go if you're feeding a hermit crab, 741 00:42:03,600 --> 00:42:06,359 Speaker 1: because these are balanced and they contain everything that they 742 00:42:06,440 --> 00:42:09,800 Speaker 1: might need because in general, you know, matching up with 743 00:42:09,840 --> 00:42:12,319 Speaker 1: pretty much everything we've been talking about here, they're going 744 00:42:12,360 --> 00:42:16,719 Speaker 1: to have a very diet their opportunistic land roving omnivore, 745 00:42:16,800 --> 00:42:18,200 Speaker 1: so they're gonna eat a little bit of this, a 746 00:42:18,239 --> 00:42:20,080 Speaker 1: little bit of that in the natural world, and you 747 00:42:20,120 --> 00:42:23,239 Speaker 1: need a food source that reflects that they're on the 748 00:42:23,239 --> 00:42:26,879 Speaker 1: seafood diet. I seafood, I eats it pretty much. Yeah, 749 00:42:27,040 --> 00:42:29,319 Speaker 1: So they recommend I'm going to roll through a lot 750 00:42:29,360 --> 00:42:34,759 Speaker 1: of foods here. They recommend such fresh foods as mango, papaya, 751 00:42:35,000 --> 00:42:37,560 Speaker 1: coconut fresh or dried. And I have to add that 752 00:42:37,600 --> 00:42:40,920 Speaker 1: I can certainly back up the coconut suggestion because um, 753 00:42:40,960 --> 00:42:42,960 Speaker 1: I got to watch a whole bunch of hermit crabs 754 00:42:43,000 --> 00:42:46,640 Speaker 1: go absolutely crazy over a busted open coconut once, and 755 00:42:46,719 --> 00:42:49,200 Speaker 1: it was it was amazing. It was a feeding frenzy. 756 00:42:49,480 --> 00:42:52,160 Speaker 1: Where were you seeing the wild hermit crabs? I believe 757 00:42:52,200 --> 00:42:55,640 Speaker 1: this was in Belize if memory serves. Oh, okay, all right, 758 00:42:55,680 --> 00:43:04,080 Speaker 1: But in addition to this, apples, apple sauce, bananas, grapes, pineapple, strawberries, melons, carrots, spinach, watercress, 759 00:43:04,200 --> 00:43:07,360 Speaker 1: leafy green lettuces, but not iceberg lettuce because you know 760 00:43:07,400 --> 00:43:12,520 Speaker 1: the the nutrient issue there. Uh, Broccoli, grass leaves, strips 761 00:43:12,560 --> 00:43:18,400 Speaker 1: of deciduous tree bark, unsalted nuts, occasional peanut, butter, raisins, 762 00:43:18,719 --> 00:43:26,040 Speaker 1: dried seaweed, crackers, unsweetened cereals, plain rice cakes, plain popcorn 763 00:43:26,160 --> 00:43:32,080 Speaker 1: on occasion, freeze, dried shrimp, freeze dried plankton, brian shrimp, fish, 764 00:43:32,160 --> 00:43:36,840 Speaker 1: food flakes, and much more. Okay, so it looks to 765 00:43:36,880 --> 00:43:40,080 Speaker 1: me like this, Uh, this list of suggestions from this 766 00:43:40,120 --> 00:43:43,640 Speaker 1: website is suggesting a wide range of different kinds of foods, 767 00:43:43,719 --> 00:43:47,480 Speaker 1: but seems to be avoiding things that have added sugar 768 00:43:47,680 --> 00:43:50,480 Speaker 1: or salt. Yeah. They point out that the crabs may 769 00:43:50,480 --> 00:43:53,440 Speaker 1: seem very interested in salty and sweet snacks like chips 770 00:43:53,440 --> 00:43:56,440 Speaker 1: and sweet breakfast cereals, but these are to be avoided. 771 00:43:56,480 --> 00:43:59,040 Speaker 1: They say also stay away from dairy products, which makes 772 00:43:59,040 --> 00:44:00,640 Speaker 1: sense when when when would have a crab get a 773 00:44:00,680 --> 00:44:05,480 Speaker 1: dairy product in the natural world. Um. And they say 774 00:44:05,520 --> 00:44:08,240 Speaker 1: that the hermes are generally gonna be game for fresh 775 00:44:08,320 --> 00:44:11,320 Speaker 1: or dried fruits of any kind, but some experts advise 776 00:44:11,360 --> 00:44:14,719 Speaker 1: against highly acidic or citrus foods, so like maybe don't 777 00:44:14,719 --> 00:44:18,080 Speaker 1: give them a limon or a tomato. Also, starch veggies 778 00:44:18,120 --> 00:44:21,279 Speaker 1: like potatoes are to be avoided um as well as 779 00:44:21,320 --> 00:44:25,640 Speaker 1: again low nutrient iceberg lettuce. What I all this hating 780 00:44:25,680 --> 00:44:28,799 Speaker 1: on iceberg lettuce? I love iceberg lettuce. I'm gonna go 781 00:44:28,800 --> 00:44:30,800 Speaker 1: out on a limb right here. I'm gonna say iceberg 782 00:44:30,840 --> 00:44:34,800 Speaker 1: lettuce is awesome. I mean it, iceberg lettuce can be awesome, 783 00:44:34,840 --> 00:44:36,759 Speaker 1: But the question is what are you getting out of it? Well, 784 00:44:36,760 --> 00:44:38,919 Speaker 1: I don't know what you're getting out of it nutrient wise, 785 00:44:39,040 --> 00:44:43,480 Speaker 1: but it's delicious, crunchy crunchy goodness. Alright, fair, fair enough, 786 00:44:43,560 --> 00:44:47,000 Speaker 1: just keep it away from the hermit crabs. Um. Now, also, 787 00:44:47,040 --> 00:44:50,520 Speaker 1: hermit crabs require calcium, So remember that bone gnawing we 788 00:44:50,600 --> 00:44:53,560 Speaker 1: mentioned from the last episode involving other crabs kind of 789 00:44:53,920 --> 00:44:57,520 Speaker 1: plays into into this scenario. Uh, calcium edition probably not 790 00:44:57,520 --> 00:44:59,719 Speaker 1: gonna come as a surprise to many pet owners out there. 791 00:44:59,760 --> 00:45:02,359 Speaker 1: I know. With our leopard gecko, we have to we 792 00:45:02,400 --> 00:45:05,200 Speaker 1: have to shake its crickets up in a bag with 793 00:45:05,239 --> 00:45:08,440 Speaker 1: a calcium powder to ensure there's getting enough calcium, and 794 00:45:08,440 --> 00:45:10,480 Speaker 1: then also leave some calcium out for it in a 795 00:45:10,520 --> 00:45:14,239 Speaker 1: little tiny dish. Um. But with crabs you can end 796 00:45:14,320 --> 00:45:17,640 Speaker 1: up using reptile ready calcium supplements like this. But also 797 00:45:17,760 --> 00:45:20,240 Speaker 1: you might end up using something like crushed oyster shells 798 00:45:20,320 --> 00:45:23,200 Speaker 1: or cuttle bone as something that they can use to 799 00:45:23,239 --> 00:45:26,080 Speaker 1: get their their calcium. Oh yeah, okay, So tying it 800 00:45:26,120 --> 00:45:28,839 Speaker 1: back to the last episode, I was just remembering the 801 00:45:28,880 --> 00:45:31,319 Speaker 1: suggestion this was not proven, but it was it was 802 00:45:31,400 --> 00:45:36,160 Speaker 1: hypothesized that maybe one reason duck built dinosaurs had been 803 00:45:36,200 --> 00:45:39,120 Speaker 1: eating a bunch of crustaceans that might have been crabs 804 00:45:39,200 --> 00:45:41,520 Speaker 1: or some of their you know, related crustaceans that have 805 00:45:41,640 --> 00:45:44,400 Speaker 1: these these hard shells. Was that they were looking for 806 00:45:44,520 --> 00:45:48,479 Speaker 1: certain nutrients types of protein or specifically calcium as part 807 00:45:48,520 --> 00:45:53,200 Speaker 1: of their breeding and reproduction cycle. Yeah. Now one more, 808 00:45:53,520 --> 00:45:56,719 Speaker 1: one more note from this spruce article because it's just 809 00:45:56,760 --> 00:45:59,720 Speaker 1: it's so crab. I love it. They say, quote hermit 810 00:45:59,760 --> 00:46:02,240 Speaker 1: crabs are able to find their food in two ways, 811 00:46:02,719 --> 00:46:06,200 Speaker 1: by smelling the food and by seeing other hermit crabs 812 00:46:06,239 --> 00:46:13,160 Speaker 1: eating hermit crab dietary peer pressure. Yeah, so they might 813 00:46:13,200 --> 00:46:15,160 Speaker 1: be like I detect food over there, or it's like 814 00:46:15,239 --> 00:46:17,880 Speaker 1: that hermit crabs eating something I'm in, I'm gonna go. 815 00:46:18,120 --> 00:46:20,359 Speaker 1: I'm gonna go try and steal some of that. All 816 00:46:20,400 --> 00:46:23,080 Speaker 1: the hermit crabs like Billy gets to eat iceberg lettus 817 00:46:23,120 --> 00:46:27,239 Speaker 1: Billy gets to eat pizza. Yeah. But obviously, I, like 818 00:46:27,280 --> 00:46:28,600 Speaker 1: I said, I do not have a hermit of a 819 00:46:28,600 --> 00:46:30,479 Speaker 1: pet hermit crab. I've never had one. I've just gotten 820 00:46:30,520 --> 00:46:32,480 Speaker 1: to observe some in the wild and you know, look 821 00:46:32,520 --> 00:46:34,680 Speaker 1: at them in pet stores. So, if there are any 822 00:46:34,719 --> 00:46:38,400 Speaker 1: hermit crab enthusiasts out there and you have particular thoughts 823 00:46:38,400 --> 00:46:40,440 Speaker 1: on this, if you can tell us, uh, you know 824 00:46:40,560 --> 00:46:44,399 Speaker 1: what foods your hermit crab prefers the most, which ones 825 00:46:44,440 --> 00:46:47,120 Speaker 1: you you like to give them definitely right in and 826 00:46:47,160 --> 00:46:49,160 Speaker 1: let us know, I'd I'd love to hear from that. Really, 827 00:46:49,160 --> 00:46:53,440 Speaker 1: anybody out there with with crab expertise or crabs pertise, 828 00:46:53,920 --> 00:46:56,600 Speaker 1: uh you know, right in? Have you ever had part 829 00:46:56,600 --> 00:46:59,759 Speaker 1: of your body eaten by hermit crabs? What was that? Like? 830 00:47:01,680 --> 00:47:03,880 Speaker 1: Hermit crabs do they just have a lot of character? 831 00:47:04,000 --> 00:47:07,240 Speaker 1: I love I love watching them. Yeah. Actually I recall 832 00:47:07,320 --> 00:47:11,279 Speaker 1: one Nature documentary segment I honestly don't remember what it 833 00:47:11,320 --> 00:47:13,160 Speaker 1: was from, but I think it was something narrated by 834 00:47:13,280 --> 00:47:15,960 Speaker 1: by Attenborough. Um. But it was a segment that was 835 00:47:16,000 --> 00:47:21,000 Speaker 1: showing hermit crabs forming a chain of shell trading, so 836 00:47:21,040 --> 00:47:25,040 Speaker 1: like they were all trying to trade shells to get 837 00:47:25,080 --> 00:47:27,600 Speaker 1: a bigger shell, and they formed up in a line 838 00:47:27,760 --> 00:47:32,120 Speaker 1: essentially to each switch into the next one's shell. Yeah, 839 00:47:32,200 --> 00:47:36,840 Speaker 1: there have been essentially like biology economics articles that have 840 00:47:36,960 --> 00:47:39,439 Speaker 1: looked at this, like how do they go about, um, 841 00:47:39,480 --> 00:47:42,640 Speaker 1: you know, trading up on their their shell size? And 842 00:47:42,680 --> 00:47:45,040 Speaker 1: then you know, because if one leaves its shell for 843 00:47:45,080 --> 00:47:46,920 Speaker 1: a bigger shell, then that opens up a shell for 844 00:47:46,960 --> 00:47:50,799 Speaker 1: another growing hermit crab to take advantage of it. It's 845 00:47:50,880 --> 00:47:53,919 Speaker 1: it's really fun. So the adaptation there I guess would 846 00:47:53,920 --> 00:47:57,560 Speaker 1: have to involve the hermit crab observing when a bigger 847 00:47:57,600 --> 00:48:01,720 Speaker 1: hermit crab is likely to be leaving its shell for 848 00:48:01,719 --> 00:48:03,560 Speaker 1: for a bigger one. So I yeah, that would take 849 00:48:03,640 --> 00:48:06,200 Speaker 1: some kind of social observance, kind of like what you're 850 00:48:06,200 --> 00:48:09,640 Speaker 1: talking about with the hermit crabs watching other hermit crabs eat. Yeah, 851 00:48:09,880 --> 00:48:13,720 Speaker 1: I mean I think also they're they're all about stealing 852 00:48:13,760 --> 00:48:16,960 Speaker 1: as well. If so, it's it's a it's a crab 853 00:48:17,560 --> 00:48:19,920 Speaker 1: kind of a crabby crab world. But who comes up 854 00:48:19,960 --> 00:48:22,520 Speaker 1: with these rules? You can steal somebody else's shell, but 855 00:48:22,600 --> 00:48:25,759 Speaker 1: you can't eat iceberg let us. Now, they will eat 856 00:48:25,760 --> 00:48:28,640 Speaker 1: the iceberg. It's not that they don't want it, I think. 857 00:48:28,680 --> 00:48:30,360 Speaker 1: I think the idea is like, they will eat it, 858 00:48:30,400 --> 00:48:33,600 Speaker 1: but it's just they deserve better. Okay, coming up soon, 859 00:48:33,600 --> 00:48:35,799 Speaker 1: we're gonna do a whole episode on iceberg let us. 860 00:48:35,800 --> 00:48:38,160 Speaker 1: It'll be about how iceberg let us is the king 861 00:48:38,200 --> 00:48:42,080 Speaker 1: of foods. It's amazing. I know that what iceberg let 862 00:48:42,120 --> 00:48:44,960 Speaker 1: us must not occur in nature. Whoever created the strain 863 00:48:45,080 --> 00:48:51,200 Speaker 1: of vegetable is really deserves great credit. All right, Well 864 00:48:51,200 --> 00:48:53,160 Speaker 1: we're gonna go ahead and close it out there. But yeah, 865 00:48:53,200 --> 00:48:55,319 Speaker 1: again right in. We'd love to hear from you. Let 866 00:48:55,400 --> 00:48:58,520 Speaker 1: us know if there are other examples of curious crab 867 00:48:58,600 --> 00:49:02,000 Speaker 1: cuisines that that we were not familiar with. It didn't 868 00:49:02,000 --> 00:49:04,520 Speaker 1: have time to cover here. We will mention it in 869 00:49:04,560 --> 00:49:09,280 Speaker 1: an upcoming listener mail episode. Also, yes, hermit crab owners, 870 00:49:09,640 --> 00:49:12,400 Speaker 1: right in and tell us all about your babies. In 871 00:49:12,480 --> 00:49:15,359 Speaker 1: the meantime, if you would like to listen to other 872 00:49:15,360 --> 00:49:18,080 Speaker 1: episodes of Stuff to Blow Your Mind, you can find 873 00:49:18,120 --> 00:49:20,680 Speaker 1: us in the Stuff to Blow Your Mind podcast feed 874 00:49:20,760 --> 00:49:23,680 Speaker 1: that it gets found anywhere you get your podcasts. Just 875 00:49:23,840 --> 00:49:26,120 Speaker 1: you know, make sure you subscribe and you can get everything, 876 00:49:26,719 --> 00:49:29,840 Speaker 1: including our core episodes on Tuesdays and Thursdays, our listener 877 00:49:29,840 --> 00:49:33,760 Speaker 1: mail episodes on Mondays are artifact short form episodes on Wednesday, 878 00:49:33,840 --> 00:49:35,960 Speaker 1: and then on Friday you get Weird How Cinema. That's 879 00:49:35,960 --> 00:49:39,359 Speaker 1: our time to just talk about a strange film of 880 00:49:39,400 --> 00:49:42,359 Speaker 1: one sort or another. Huge thanks as always to our 881 00:49:42,400 --> 00:49:45,759 Speaker 1: excellent audio producer Seth Nicholas Johnson. If you would like 882 00:49:45,800 --> 00:49:47,640 Speaker 1: to get in touch with us with feedback on this 883 00:49:47,680 --> 00:49:50,120 Speaker 1: episode or any other, to suggest a topic for the future, 884 00:49:50,160 --> 00:49:52,200 Speaker 1: or just to say hello, you can email us at 885 00:49:52,320 --> 00:50:02,920 Speaker 1: contact at Stuff to Blow Your mind dot com. Stuff 886 00:50:02,960 --> 00:50:05,120 Speaker 1: to Blow your Mind is production of I heart Radio. 887 00:50:05,480 --> 00:50:07,600 Speaker 1: For more podcasts for my heart Radio, visit the i 888 00:50:07,680 --> 00:50:10,480 Speaker 1: heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you're listening to 889 00:50:10,520 --> 00:50:16,680 Speaker 1: your favorite shows.