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Speaker 1: Ridiculous History is a production of I Heart Radio. Ye,

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Speaker 1: welcome to the show Ridiculous Historians. Thank you so much

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Speaker 1: for tuning in. Uh, my name is Ben and this

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Speaker 1: is uh, this is a pretty weird sitch, wouldn't you

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Speaker 1: say a little bit. I mean, we're in a bit

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Speaker 1: of a weird sitch right now. We're in a hotel

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Speaker 1: room in Orlando, Florida with our dear friend Matt Frederick

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Speaker 1: sitting on the floor recording us like an absolute boss,

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Speaker 1: a super producer that freshick by default, and that I

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Speaker 1: can I consist the vibe we have held the we

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Speaker 1: have held back the amazing power of your hairy carry impressions. Uh,

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Speaker 1: the southern gentleman you do as well. Uh. This is

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Speaker 1: like one long tease because Matt, you're you're not actually

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Speaker 1: on this this episode yet, but the fans demand that

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Speaker 1: you make an appearance at some point. They have demanded

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Speaker 1: it many a time, and we have demanded it. Uh,

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Speaker 1: it's it's gonna happen. That's that's that's that's a promise. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so great. That counts as verbal consent. So now, uh,

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Speaker 1: let's see. This is an episode that we did with

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Speaker 1: our good friend Katie Golden of Creature Feature fame, right,

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Speaker 1: and we wanted to uh, we wanted to share this

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Speaker 1: with you. Make it easy to find this. Uh No,

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Speaker 1: I think it's fair to say that. Uh. You and

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Speaker 1: I as always on Creature Feature, we talked with a brilliant,

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Speaker 1: awesome friend who taught us terrible, terrible things, absolutely terrible

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Speaker 1: nightmare fuel type material. We had a slide show of

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Speaker 1: just bizarre animal adaptations that we were paging through as

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Speaker 1: we had this conversation. We went on this journey with

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Speaker 1: Katie Golden. Um, word to the wise, this is a

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Speaker 1: little different in in more ways than one for our show.

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Speaker 1: In the we swear on this one. Oh that's right. Yes,

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Speaker 1: we do use some choice language. In our defense, I

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Speaker 1: argue it is apt and we need to be explicit. Look,

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Speaker 1: I don't know about you, but I learned a lot

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Speaker 1: of stuff about elephants. One main thing about elephants that

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Speaker 1: would rather not know. Yeah, as opposed to stuff they

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Speaker 1: don't want you to know. Um, it's stuff that we

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Speaker 1: never wanted to know. What on earth are we talking about?

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Speaker 1: You are about to find out? Roll the tape. Hey, everybody,

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Speaker 1: Welcome to Creature Feature, the show where we explore all

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Speaker 1: the weird things in nature that your seventh grade biology

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Speaker 1: teacher was too much of a who to teach you.

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Speaker 1: I'm Katie Golden, I studied psychology and evolutionary biology, and

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Speaker 1: i'm your host of many parasites. Today we're talking about

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Speaker 1: anatomy that just seems well made up, like if you

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Speaker 1: gave Salvador Dalis some bad weed and told them to

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Speaker 1: invent some animals. We're answering some of the weirdest questions

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Speaker 1: about evolution and anatomy, like how do woodpeckers keep from

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Speaker 1: scrambling their brains? White animals have not one, not two,

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Speaker 1: but three vaginas? Why would a doctor want to sew

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Speaker 1: your leg on backwards? Discover this and more as we

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Speaker 1: answer the age old question what are some of the

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Speaker 1: most bodacious boobs in the animal kingdom? So medical science

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Speaker 1: has advanced to the point where we now have a

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Speaker 1: pretty good idea of human anatomy the heartbones connected to

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Speaker 1: the leg bone and whatever. But we haven't always been

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Speaker 1: so intimately familiar with our inner workings. In fact, we

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Speaker 1: used to have some pretty fantastical ideas about how the

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Speaker 1: human body worked before doctors decided to dig up dead

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Speaker 1: bodies and really settled the matter once and for all.

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Speaker 1: For instance, in the late seventeen hundreds, phrenology was the

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Speaker 1: quote science of measuring someone's psychology by feeling their head bumps,

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Speaker 1: the theory being that the different parts of the brain

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Speaker 1: controlled different emotions, so when they worked out more, they

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Speaker 1: got more swollen something. Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, on the

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Speaker 1: other hand, had theorized that the heart was where your

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Speaker 1: consciousness resided, and the brain and other organs were simply

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Speaker 1: cooling mechanisms to keep the heart cool for some reason.

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Speaker 1: And in the eighteenth century, the Preformationism theory held that

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Speaker 1: each sperm contained a tiny, fully developed human that simply

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Speaker 1: grew larger in the woman's womb like one of those

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Speaker 1: you know, like grow your own dinosaur capsules. This all

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Speaker 1: sounds crazy and stupid, and well, yeah it is, but

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Speaker 1: we're about to discuss even crazier and stupid or sounding

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Speaker 1: anatomy that is actually scientifically accurate. Joining me today are

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Speaker 1: the hosts of the podcast Ridiculous History, Nold Brown and

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Speaker 1: Ben Bolan. Welcome you guys, Thanks for having us. I'm

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Speaker 1: excited to see some weird animals as the slideshoe in

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Speaker 1: front of me, promises, Well we say that now. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I haven't looked ahead, I have not cheated. I'm ready

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Speaker 1: to be like you know, I'm ready to give a

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Speaker 1: completely realistic reaction and challenge. Yeah, this may challenge some

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Speaker 1: of our preformationist or preformist us. Uh did I did

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Speaker 1: I get that right? I think it's performationism. Performation is

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Speaker 1: m Yeah. Yeah, so let's be open minded. We think

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Speaker 1: the performationism. Uh, science is pretty solid. Uh, I mean

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Speaker 1: willing to be wrong. I mean it is just like

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Speaker 1: you know, I mean I don't know how else of

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Speaker 1: fetus is supposed to develop what like, although the thing

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Speaker 1: with the performationism that's interesting is that the ideas that

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Speaker 1: it's already this fully formed human that just didn't exists

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Speaker 1: inside you. Then like is there does that fully formed

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Speaker 1: human also have like a fully formed human? Like is

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Speaker 1: it fetuses all the way down? Yes, it's basically like

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Speaker 1: cabbage patch here rules you know, like I don't know

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Speaker 1: what that means exactly, but you know, I have no

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Speaker 1: idea what what cabbage patch kids? You mean? Just like

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Speaker 1: cabbage Patch kids just kind of are like they just

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Speaker 1: are birthed into existence, like fully form from the cabbage

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Speaker 1: cabbage right right, So maybe that's the the cabbage sub

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Speaker 1: discipline performation is. Yeah, now that I think about, I

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Speaker 1: went to there's a place in Georgia called baby Land General.

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Speaker 1: It's like where the cabbage patch babies are born. And

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Speaker 1: there's a really creepy tree that they shove the cabbage

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Speaker 1: patch babies out of and that's how their birthed into

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Speaker 1: the world is through this magical tree and their heads

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Speaker 1: pop up, their heads. I've been there too. It's a

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Speaker 1: really creepy place. Is this This is like a real

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Speaker 1: what are you what the yah? What are you guys

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Speaker 1: talking about? It's called baby Land General Hospital, and it's

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Speaker 1: like the home of like where it's like in the

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Speaker 1: town I think it's called Cleveland, Georgia, where cabbage patch

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Speaker 1: babies were invented by you know, Jonathan cabbage Patch. It's

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Speaker 1: the only thing in the town too. It's this mansion

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Speaker 1: that used to be their house and it really does

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Speaker 1: look like a creepy kind of like a psych ward

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Speaker 1: or something like that. It's a very strange place and

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Speaker 1: kids have birthday parties there. So it's like actually affiliated

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Speaker 1: with the cabbage patch company. Absolutely, yes, HQ. I'm gonna

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Speaker 1: send you a weird YouTube link after this episode. They

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Speaker 1: have a really really serious collection Andy Warhol. Andy Warhol

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Speaker 1: paintings of cabbage patch kids are all over the wall

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Speaker 1: pictures of celebrities. But that's neither here nor there, really isn't.

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Speaker 1: That is pretty messed up. But we're about to get

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Speaker 1: even more messed up, you guys. Um, So have you

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Speaker 1: given much thought to woodpeckers? Actually? Yes, I grew up

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Speaker 1: with some woodpeckers in our yard, and I was always

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Speaker 1: disappointed because they seemed radically different in comparison to the

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Speaker 1: other woodpeckers I saw in the media, like woody woodpeck

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Speaker 1: These were just these very like, I don't want to

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Speaker 1: say agro but very myopically focused birds who just kept

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Speaker 1: hitting their heads against trees, and it blew my mind.

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Speaker 1: I did understand. My parents explained to me that they

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Speaker 1: were doing that to eat bugs. Is that correct? Yeah? So,

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Speaker 1: uh they do actually, as their name implies, peck wood Uh.

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Speaker 1: And they'll bang their heads against the tree with their

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Speaker 1: their well, they're they're banging their banks against the tree

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Speaker 1: bark to create these holes so that they can reach inside.

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Speaker 1: And it's but for the insects, you know, to eat

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Speaker 1: up some ants or larva or whatever is living in

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Speaker 1: the tree bark. They also will do it to help

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Speaker 1: themselves nest, So sometimes they pull away tree bark to

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Speaker 1: access holes in the tree, uh to nest there, to

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Speaker 1: to increase the size of a hole and excavate there

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Speaker 1: a little nesting area. They also do something called drumming,

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Speaker 1: where it's just wrapping against the tree for seemingly the

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Speaker 1: only purpose is uh sexual behavior like mating mating call.

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Speaker 1: But as people may know, if if there's any metal

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Speaker 1: fans out there, like head banging is extremely unpleasant. Even

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Speaker 1: when you're just banging your head against air, it it's disorienting,

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Speaker 1: it hurts. So you can imagine that if you're banging

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Speaker 1: your head against solid wood, that would be pretty unpleasant

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Speaker 1: and probably give you a lot of head injuries. So

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Speaker 1: it's really incredible when you think about how rapid these

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Speaker 1: little jackhammers are going and how that seems like that

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Speaker 1: would instantly destroy their tiny little bird brains and smack

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Speaker 1: their skulls and just explode their heads. But uh, there

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Speaker 1: you have developed a few very interesting evolutionary traits that

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Speaker 1: allow them to uh keep on head banging without actually

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Speaker 1: getting brain damage. So first of all, kind of the

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Speaker 1: obvious one is that they have thickened skulls uh, and

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Speaker 1: they have powerful neck muscles for for that control. Another

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Speaker 1: more subtle one is that the beak is actually kind

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Speaker 1: of designed for shock absorption. So they've got this or

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Speaker 1: bite and the top of the beak is more fleshy

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Speaker 1: than the lower beak, which is bonier. So then that

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Speaker 1: directs the force of the impact towards the lower beak um,

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Speaker 1: and then that directs it away from the brain case area.

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Speaker 1: But you guys are here for the real gross, weird stuff,

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Speaker 1: so one more trick up their sleeves or well, I

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Speaker 1: guess up, there's skull. UM. I want to talk to

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Speaker 1: you about woodpecker tongues. They're very interesting and weird. So

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Speaker 1: woodpeckers often have pretty long tongues. Uh. They're covered in

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Speaker 1: sticky barbs so that they can stick it into those

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Speaker 1: tree holes uh to slurp up ants and larva um.

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Speaker 1: Someone peckers species have shorter tongues with more bristles, So

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Speaker 1: there there's variety amongst the woodpecker species, but for many

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Speaker 1: of them, uh, it has to be long. So that

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Speaker 1: they can get get in there and get those ants

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Speaker 1: out of the wood. So, but we don't see woodpeckers

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Speaker 1: just with this tongue flopping out. And they're not like

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Speaker 1: hummingbirds where they have a really long beak. So where

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Speaker 1: where do they keep it? Well, it's in its skull.

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Speaker 1: It winds up kind of like a measuring tape. It

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Speaker 1: literally will wrap around the back of their head and

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Speaker 1: up over their skull and then towards their nasal cavity.

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Speaker 1: And the way that it does this is actually even

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Speaker 1: weirder than just the fact that it winds its tongue

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Speaker 1: around around its school, because I think that that fact

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Speaker 1: is maybe out there. Um. But how it does so.

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Speaker 1: First of all, the tongue is bifurcated in the back,

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Speaker 1: which means split into um. So think like a reverse

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Speaker 1: snake tongue, where instead of coming out and then splitting

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Speaker 1: at the end, it's like it's split at the sort

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Speaker 1: of uh up in the mouth and then it comes

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Speaker 1: together into one point um and uh. So the reason

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Speaker 1: it has this length is actually that its tongue is

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Speaker 1: not just tongue flesh. It's partially made out of bone.

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Speaker 1: So there's this bone called the hyroid bone. And so

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Speaker 1: if you guys could just put your fingers near your

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Speaker 1: throat where your tricky is, you know, gently, don't strangle yourself.

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Speaker 1: Don't don't do that. Um yeah yeah, So up along

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Speaker 1: the front of your throat where your tricky is and

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Speaker 1: where your jaw meets your your trichya basically and you

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Speaker 1: should feel a couple of bony kind of protrusions. Do

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Speaker 1: you feel that that's the that's the hyroid bone. So, uh,

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Speaker 1: it's the sub metrical kind of butterfly shaped bone. Um.

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Speaker 1: It supports an anchors the tongue and it helps in swallowing. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And woodpeckers, these bones wrap all the way around the

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Speaker 1: skull and up towards their nasal cavities, and it's all

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Speaker 1: covered in tongue tissue. So they basically have bony tongues

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Speaker 1: uh that wind around their skull. And I actually sent

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Speaker 1: you guys that that picture of it in the slide show. Um, yeah,

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Speaker 1: I was I was gonna ask, are there's the same

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Speaker 1: bird like the two images, Like you're seeing how the

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Speaker 1: tongue is deployed. Got it? Okay? Yeah, exactly. And I

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Speaker 1: question too here because in this illustration which is fascinating,

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Speaker 1: not yet disturbing all the go with fascinating. I see

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Speaker 1: that the tongue has this barbed tip on there is

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Speaker 1: that bone as well. No, that's just that's just tongue bristles.

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Speaker 1: So the tip of the tongue is just tongue kind

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Speaker 1: of like ours, but like it the bone it attaches

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Speaker 1: to the tongue way back there where you have that

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Speaker 1: that dual structure. But I think those barbs are it's

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Speaker 1: sort of like you know how cat tongues are spiky,

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Speaker 1: So when a tongue has retracted, the bone winds all

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Speaker 1: the way around the skull. And not only does this

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Speaker 1: have a nice nifty storage place for the tongue to go,

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Speaker 1: it also offers extra structural support and shock absorption for

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Speaker 1: when the woodpeckers smashing its face against a tree. Um.

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Speaker 1: So it's sort of like you it's like having a

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Speaker 1: weird tongue helmet inside your your head. I have kind

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Speaker 1: of a dumb question. Maybe it's not dumb question. Presumably woodpeckers,

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Speaker 1: outside of their superpower ability to you know, smash their

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Speaker 1: heads against trees and not get brain damage, have all

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Speaker 1: the same stuff that other birds have, Like why is

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Speaker 1: it advantageous to them to eat in such a bizarre

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Speaker 1: and uncomfortable way. I mean, it's finding a niche really,

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Speaker 1: because you have a lot of competition for insects that

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Speaker 1: are easily available. If you're able to get into the

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Speaker 1: tree bark where other birds can't access it, you've just

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Speaker 1: opened up this whole mind of food that you don't

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Speaker 1: really have as much competition for. So that's that's finding

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Speaker 1: their niche and their specialized hunting strategy. Uh, that is

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Speaker 1: really advantageous. So like if you can't, you know, there

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Speaker 1: are a lot of birds who will try to get

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Speaker 1: insects that are kind of embarked that are more easily accessible.

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Speaker 1: So once you start developing adaptations where you can get

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Speaker 1: deeper and deeper into the bark and get more and

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Speaker 1: more insects, you're going to do a lot better than

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Speaker 1: those that you're competing with. I also have a question,

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Speaker 1: and I hope it's not super dumbling, but here goes.

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Speaker 1: I'm gonna shoot my shot first. The woodpecker. Now I

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Speaker 1: can see that tongue and a highoid apparatus. It reminds

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Speaker 1: me in some ways of an ant eater, in some

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Speaker 1: kind of like parallel evolution thing. But my question is,

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Speaker 1: given that this, given that this bird has adapted to

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Speaker 1: prevent I guess, concussions and brain damage from its very

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Speaker 1: specific life choices. Uh, how effective is it? Are there

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Speaker 1: woodpeckers that get concussions or brain damage? Is that anything

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Speaker 1: that can happen? Yeah, Actually there was a recent study

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Speaker 1: that showed that woodpeckers do still get some structural damage

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Speaker 1: that's consistent with CT injury like football players get. Um,

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Speaker 1: so it's so it's not effective, but certainly you can

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Speaker 1: imagine that without these protective structures, they just instantly scramble

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Speaker 1: their eggs or brains, their brain eggs, the old brain egg.

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Speaker 1: So there's one other. There's actually a couple other weird

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Speaker 1: adaptations that they have to help protect them from the

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Speaker 1: blunt force trauma of repeatedly smacking themselves against the tree. Uh.

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Speaker 1: Their brains are extra dry, so they don't have as

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Speaker 1: many fluids surrounding the brains, so they don't just like uh,

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Speaker 1: and I guess this, I think this is the scientific terminology,

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Speaker 1: so their brains don't slash around a lot. Uh. And

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Speaker 1: then they also have nictating membrane, which is that weird

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Speaker 1: transparent eyelid that you'll see on your cat, and that

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Speaker 1: covers their eye as they're pecking. So it's like a

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Speaker 1: set of goggles. So because otherwise their eyeballs would probably

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Speaker 1: pop out. Wow, because of the constant impact. Yeah, the

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Speaker 1: force of that, you know, Like it's sort of like

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Speaker 1: if you're riding a bike and you the bike is

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Speaker 1: suddenly stop, you'll fly off a bike that but with eyeballs.

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Speaker 1: I had a similar experience like that with one of

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Speaker 1: those birds scooters recently, So I totally understand this scenario, right, Right,

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Speaker 1: Is it a coincidence that it's called a bird scooter? No,

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Speaker 1: that was my point. No, it's not. It's absolutely not

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Speaker 1: a question. It makes me uniquely qualified to have this conversation, right,

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Speaker 1: you're basically an ornithologist now. No, Actually, I don't know

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Speaker 1: if I think I probably told you this last time

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Speaker 1: we were on. But I am definitely afraid of birds

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Speaker 1: and woodpeckers in particular, just just the more freaky the adaptation,

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Speaker 1: the worse. Like I have nightmare where I wake up

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Speaker 1: and there's like woodpeckers under my covers and I wake

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Speaker 1: up like in a cold sweat, and and yeah, it's

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Speaker 1: it's a thing that I struggle with. Um so I'm

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Speaker 1: pretty triggered right now actually, but trying to hold I'm

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Speaker 1: trying to hold it together. Well you know. I mean

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Speaker 1: I did present you with a nice diagram showing its

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Speaker 1: tongue wrapping around its skull, uh, and how long it

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Speaker 1: is and how pointy it is, and I'm sure that

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Speaker 1: will help. Yep, Yeah, feeling good. Well, if you're uncomfortable

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Speaker 1: with birds, why don't we pivot to something a little

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Speaker 1: less less weird. Uh kangaroo vaginas? Oh finally, yeah great,

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Speaker 1: I'm here for it. So kangaroos, wombats, kualas, Tasmanian devils. Uh.

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Speaker 1: These marsupials have three vaginas. Uh. So first of all,

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Speaker 1: I want you to get your minds out of the gutter. Uh.

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Speaker 1: They don't have three volva's. It's not like the alien

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Speaker 1: and total recall where she's got uh you know, the

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Speaker 1: three breasts. Um, it's not the Australia version of that,

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Speaker 1: right right, So it's not just like three volva's just

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Speaker 1: kind of like randomly placed on the kangaroo somewhere. Um.

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Speaker 1: So the vagina this is it's gonna be a little

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Speaker 1: bit of sex. Said here, the vagina is an inside

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Speaker 1: organ um. It's the canal that you do use sex

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Speaker 1: inside that sperm travels up and babies come out of.

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Speaker 1: That's where a menstruation and discharge come out. And that's

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Speaker 1: also where Gwyneth Paltrow puts her jade eggs in. That's

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Speaker 1: what the vagina is. That's what we're talking about. Um.

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Speaker 1: So you know, we we like to use our imaginations

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Speaker 1: on this show. I wanted you to imagine a naked

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Speaker 1: female kangaroo, so and so, a kangaroo not like wearing

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Speaker 1: a suit or something like boxing, no boxing gloves, totally naked.

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Speaker 1: So it's gonna it's gonna have a normal looking kangaroo

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Speaker 1: volva as far as kangaroo volva's go. But once you

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Speaker 1: look inside the kangaroo, the vagina splits off into three canals.

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Speaker 1: Uh that meat back up sort of like a weird

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Speaker 1: steering wheel or like a no smoking logo or like

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Speaker 1: that that London like subway logo, the underground logo. So

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Speaker 1: if you actually you guys, proceed in the slide show,

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Speaker 1: you can see, oh yeah, the interesting complex sort of

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Speaker 1: it looks a little bit like a French horn Honestly,

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Speaker 1: I know what this means, but I just want to

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Speaker 1: point out that there's a one diagram. It says middle vagina,

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Speaker 1: Joey travels down, and that just I just like saying

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Speaker 1: that out loud. Just Joey travels down. I mean, Joey

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Speaker 1: likes to take the middle of vagina. He really, that's

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Speaker 1: classic the path of least resistance. You know that middle

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Speaker 1: vagina exactly. I mean, Joey could be more adventurous, but

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Speaker 1: that that refers to, you know, the juvenile kangaroo, right, yes, yes,

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Speaker 1: so Joey is a baby kangaroo. I have a question

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Speaker 1: looking looking at this, which it also looks like it

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Speaker 1: might be a made up musical instrument in a sci

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Speaker 1: fi film, like a Doctor SEUs book, or like the

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Speaker 1: Fifth Element or Doctor SEUs or something in Huville, But

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Speaker 1: apparently it's very real. Um. I have always heard that kangaroos,

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Speaker 1: female kangaroos are an animal that can either suspend its

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Speaker 1: pregnancy or some somehow control when and how it gives birth,

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Speaker 1: or when it gives birth at least. Is that correct?

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Speaker 1: Or is that something that my college friends made up

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Speaker 1: when we were hanging out too late at night. Yeah?

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Speaker 1: So it can kind of time it. UM. So what

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Speaker 1: the beauty of the kangaroo reproductive system is that it

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Speaker 1: can have three Joey's at once, basically and at different

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Speaker 1: stages of developments. So you've got one Joey that is

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Speaker 1: think of it as like a toddler, where it's like

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Speaker 1: outside of the pouch, walking around, you know, maybe still

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Speaker 1: like reaching in the pouch for milk and stuff, but

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Speaker 1: it's a it's a sort of what what you would

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Speaker 1: associate Joey to look like. Um. And then you have

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Speaker 1: the second one, which is the Joey that is inside

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Speaker 1: of the pouch. So that's usually uh, the really young

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Speaker 1: Joey that's either at a very early stage of its

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Speaker 1: development when it looks like those weird little pink jellybeans,

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Speaker 1: or it's a little older, but it's so it's developing

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Speaker 1: inside of the pouch. And then you have a third

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Speaker 1: Joey that is still developing inside of the uterus or

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Speaker 1: traveling down. You know, once the middle Joey leaves the

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Speaker 1: pouch and that one uh starts to travel down and

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Speaker 1: leave uh and then makes that heroic crawl from the

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Speaker 1: vagina to the pouch, which is kind of incredible. So

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Speaker 1: I don't think they can consciously control it, like you know, oh, well,

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Speaker 1: you know, I've got this. This Joey is a real

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Speaker 1: pain in the in the the real pain in the

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Speaker 1: middle of vagina. So I'm gonna stall off that other,

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Speaker 1: that other Joey. But yeah, there is a this timing

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Speaker 1: allows them to perpetually pregnant. It's like an assembly line

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Speaker 1: of Joey's. So what's interesting is some biologists think that

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Speaker 1: so as you can see from the diagram, the middle

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Speaker 1: vagina is a little narrower than the other ones um

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Speaker 1: and some biologists think this is why Joey's are born

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Speaker 1: so premature, because it's just too narrow for a bigger baby.

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Speaker 1: So that's why they have to make that crazy crawl

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Speaker 1: from the vagina to the pouch. If you if you

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Speaker 1: don't know what I'm talking about, Joey's are born very tiny,

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Speaker 1: like they look like little little gross pink beans, and

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Speaker 1: then they have to they crawl all and there. They

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Speaker 1: look like an embryo. They don't look like they're fully developed,

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Speaker 1: and they're not. And then they crawl from after they

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Speaker 1: give birth, they crawl from the vagina and they go

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Speaker 1: all the way up into the pouch, so that having

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Speaker 1: that narrow middle vagina is like, maybe that's why this

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Speaker 1: is this happens. Oh. They also it's important to note

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Speaker 1: that they have two uteruses to uterie. I see that. Yeah, um,

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Speaker 1: and that's actually not too uncommon. Um, they're bifurcated uter

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Speaker 1: i in deer's, cats, dogs, elephants, whales, and a lot

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Speaker 1: of other cool animal ladies. Uh. In fact, humans only

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Speaker 1: having one uterus were more of the weird ones. I

397
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Speaker 1: guess I've always thought that, Yeah, it's just one more

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Speaker 1: thing to shame women about. You only have one uterus?

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Speaker 1: What's wrong with you? Boy? Oh no, I'm not associated

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Speaker 1: with that at all. I did notice so, um when

401
00:24:39,440 --> 00:24:44,080
Speaker 1: when I've seen pictures of Joey's and how how they're

402
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Speaker 1: so they're so newly formed and undeveloped. It's pretty amazing

403
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Speaker 1: that they can instinctually climb up the parents body towards

404
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Speaker 1: that that pouch. But the pouch always weirded me out,

405
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Speaker 1: Like is the I never thought I'd say this on

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Speaker 1: the air. Is this treble vagina adaptation? Is it something

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Speaker 1: that occurred around the same time that the pouch was developing?

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Speaker 1: Or like, what, why and how that's my question. Why

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Speaker 1: and how? I just I'm baffled, just why, just why.

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Speaker 1: It's a really good question. It's a little bit of

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Speaker 1: a mystery, at least to me, UM, because I was

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Speaker 1: trying to find why exactly they have three vaginas. And

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Speaker 1: so there's a few theories. One is that um, male

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Speaker 1: marsuvials actually have a two pronged penises, so maybe they

415
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Speaker 1: can do double time fertilizing the vagina um. But actually

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Speaker 1: kangaroos do not have the two pronged uh penises, which

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Speaker 1: I guess is really unlucky for the lady kangaroos. UM.

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Speaker 1: But so that's that's one theory. But it could also

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Speaker 1: be helpful for creating like that endless perpetual Joey production machine. Um.

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Speaker 1: You got one in the pouch, one in the oven,

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Speaker 1: one fending for himself. Um. And you know, uh, I

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Speaker 1: I would really like to hear if there are any

423
00:26:14,600 --> 00:26:17,480
Speaker 1: marsupial biologists out there if they have any theories about

424
00:26:18,000 --> 00:26:21,320
Speaker 1: why they have three vaginas. But there's one other thing,

425
00:26:21,359 --> 00:26:23,440
Speaker 1: and it's I think, so first we have to kind

426
00:26:23,440 --> 00:26:29,800
Speaker 1: of talk about, um, you know, uh, what a spandrel

427
00:26:29,840 --> 00:26:32,840
Speaker 1: of evolution is. Have you guys heard of that term,

428
00:26:32,600 --> 00:26:36,880
Speaker 1: I note, so, uh spandrel is the term that comes

429
00:26:36,880 --> 00:26:40,199
Speaker 1: from architecture. Actually, so the spandrel is this triangular wedge

430
00:26:40,280 --> 00:26:47,080
Speaker 1: between and archway and like uh ceiling. So uh it

431
00:26:47,240 --> 00:26:52,639
Speaker 1: actually serves no inherent purpose other than being a structural byproducts.

432
00:26:52,680 --> 00:26:54,520
Speaker 1: So you have the arch and then the ceiling, and

433
00:26:54,520 --> 00:26:57,040
Speaker 1: then where that kind of like meets you you have

434
00:26:57,119 --> 00:27:00,480
Speaker 1: that little wedge where it's like the the where the

435
00:27:00,560 --> 00:27:05,399
Speaker 1: semicircle meets that kind of triangle um and uh so

436
00:27:06,040 --> 00:27:08,640
Speaker 1: uh it was coined as a term to mean an

437
00:27:08,760 --> 00:27:12,040
Speaker 1: anatomical feature of evolution that's just kind of a result

438
00:27:12,200 --> 00:27:15,080
Speaker 1: of how the animal got built. It has no inherent purpose.

439
00:27:15,160 --> 00:27:18,800
Speaker 1: It's just you know, it's kind of like, I don't know,

440
00:27:18,840 --> 00:27:20,800
Speaker 1: I guess like you could also describe it as like

441
00:27:20,880 --> 00:27:24,520
Speaker 1: the taint like of of evolution because it's like it

442
00:27:24,560 --> 00:27:27,040
Speaker 1: doesn't serve any purpose. It's just there because you gotta

443
00:27:27,200 --> 00:27:31,040
Speaker 1: you gotta have a place between the the front in

444
00:27:31,080 --> 00:27:36,680
Speaker 1: the back. Um so. Uh So there's a possibility that

445
00:27:37,119 --> 00:27:40,560
Speaker 1: having the three canals is like a spandrel of having

446
00:27:40,600 --> 00:27:45,760
Speaker 1: to uterie um and that the fact that they have

447
00:27:46,320 --> 00:27:49,639
Speaker 1: it's that for some reason they want a separate birthing canal.

448
00:27:49,800 --> 00:27:53,439
Speaker 1: And then just the fact that we're typically speaking in

449
00:27:53,520 --> 00:27:56,520
Speaker 1: many structures are symmetrical, just in terms of how they

450
00:27:56,560 --> 00:27:59,199
Speaker 1: developed in the fetus. But you know, I don't know,

451
00:27:59,359 --> 00:28:02,240
Speaker 1: it's it's really it's kind of a mystery. And we'll

452
00:28:02,240 --> 00:28:06,359
Speaker 1: actually see kind of in another animal maybe a proto

453
00:28:06,760 --> 00:28:10,160
Speaker 1: kind of a proto pouch, which is really interesting. Uh.

454
00:28:10,320 --> 00:28:13,359
Speaker 1: Later on that will discuss, But first I want to

455
00:28:13,400 --> 00:28:18,320
Speaker 1: take you guys on the imagination train to imagination station.

456
00:28:19,160 --> 00:28:22,960
Speaker 1: So this one's actually really easy. Just imagine an elephant

457
00:28:23,520 --> 00:28:27,680
Speaker 1: in your head, close your eyes. Got it there and

458
00:28:28,600 --> 00:28:33,240
Speaker 1: such kind eyes and all of its elephant e goodness,

459
00:28:34,280 --> 00:28:38,280
Speaker 1: does it have big tusks? Now you're doing You're doing

460
00:28:38,280 --> 00:28:42,320
Speaker 1: it wrong. It's female elephant. I didn't expect that, did you. Um,

461
00:28:43,000 --> 00:28:46,600
Speaker 1: Now imagine that with it is a smaller elephant. Little baby?

462
00:28:46,960 --> 00:28:53,000
Speaker 1: Is it? Cute? Oho able? Little baby? Now that baby elephant,

463
00:28:53,120 --> 00:28:55,800
Speaker 1: he's gonna be hungry and it's got to drink milk

464
00:28:55,840 --> 00:29:00,240
Speaker 1: from its mother. How does it do this? We're like

465
00:29:00,360 --> 00:29:02,320
Speaker 1: like trying to imagine where do you think it's getting

466
00:29:02,360 --> 00:29:07,360
Speaker 1: the milk from? Maybe through the trunk maybe how maybe

467
00:29:07,360 --> 00:29:12,240
Speaker 1: they're like secret elephant utters? Have you ever have you

468
00:29:12,320 --> 00:29:17,840
Speaker 1: ever tried to imagine this like an elephants utters? No,

469
00:29:18,160 --> 00:29:20,520
Speaker 1: this is this is a first for me, Katie. It's

470
00:29:20,560 --> 00:29:22,760
Speaker 1: never come up. It's never come up in my line

471
00:29:22,760 --> 00:29:26,600
Speaker 1: of thinking, right right, Well, you know because like you don't.

472
00:29:26,720 --> 00:29:29,200
Speaker 1: It's not just like cow arders attached to the elephant.

473
00:29:29,800 --> 00:29:33,680
Speaker 1: So it's well, I gotta tell you guys this. Did

474
00:29:33,720 --> 00:29:37,840
Speaker 1: you know that elephants have big old honkers honkers as

475
00:29:37,880 --> 00:29:42,560
Speaker 1: it noses. No, No, they got big old, very big

476
00:29:42,560 --> 00:29:46,160
Speaker 1: old set of very human looking boobs. So if you

477
00:29:46,240 --> 00:29:52,760
Speaker 1: advance in your slide show, oh my goodness. So I'm

478
00:29:52,800 --> 00:29:54,640
Speaker 1: not doing a pearl clutch situation right now. What I'm

479
00:29:54,680 --> 00:29:57,320
Speaker 1: doing is like they literally look like those fake boobs

480
00:29:57,360 --> 00:30:00,440
Speaker 1: you buy it like the joke store, like because the

481
00:30:00,880 --> 00:30:03,800
Speaker 1: scale is all off kind of the elephants so very

482
00:30:03,800 --> 00:30:06,600
Speaker 1: close together, and they're very close together, and they look

483
00:30:06,680 --> 00:30:09,880
Speaker 1: like yeah that there. Wow. I don't I don't want

484
00:30:09,880 --> 00:30:13,440
Speaker 1: to use the word traumatized. But when I first when

485
00:30:13,480 --> 00:30:16,240
Speaker 1: I first looked at this, I was pretty uncomfortable and

486
00:30:16,280 --> 00:30:19,520
Speaker 1: I was thinking, Okay, how many things in this slide

487
00:30:19,520 --> 00:30:22,640
Speaker 1: show or photo shopped? I'd better be a good sport

488
00:30:22,960 --> 00:30:25,600
Speaker 1: about this. But if I were in the wild, I've

489
00:30:25,640 --> 00:30:28,880
Speaker 1: only seen elephants in you know, zoos or nature preserves.

490
00:30:29,040 --> 00:30:31,160
Speaker 1: So if I were in the wild and I saw

491
00:30:32,720 --> 00:30:36,600
Speaker 1: a busty elephant running at me, I would freak out

492
00:30:36,000 --> 00:30:39,280
Speaker 1: and trampled. I'd be tramped, I'd be I would die

493
00:30:39,760 --> 00:30:42,640
Speaker 1: trampled by the feet or by the boobs. I don't know,

494
00:30:42,760 --> 00:30:45,920
Speaker 1: that's them. I love the I love the caption you

495
00:30:45,960 --> 00:30:48,160
Speaker 1: have on this slide to it just says very non

496
00:30:48,320 --> 00:30:49,760
Speaker 1: you know, it's just like a very matter of factly

497
00:30:49,920 --> 00:30:54,120
Speaker 1: some hot elephant hits. Katie. Yeah, it's it's you. Guys.

498
00:30:54,120 --> 00:30:55,920
Speaker 1: Are welcome for the slideshow. By the way, I'm gonna

499
00:30:55,960 --> 00:30:58,240
Speaker 1: see if I can post the slide show online actually

500
00:30:59,360 --> 00:31:02,960
Speaker 1: for the listener. Um. But is this like something they

501
00:31:03,000 --> 00:31:06,720
Speaker 1: always have and that I've just never noticed noticed? Yeah,

502
00:31:06,760 --> 00:31:09,880
Speaker 1: well they have it so when they're when they're nursing,

503
00:31:10,040 --> 00:31:13,880
Speaker 1: they definitely swell up. But but yeah, I mean they

504
00:31:14,000 --> 00:31:16,880
Speaker 1: they've this is not new. It's not like a twenty

505
00:31:17,000 --> 00:31:20,960
Speaker 1: nineteen weird new millennial thing like they've always had Elephants

506
00:31:20,960 --> 00:31:24,600
Speaker 1: have always had breasts. Um. And also, I would encourage

507
00:31:24,640 --> 00:31:28,080
Speaker 1: my listeners to google elephants boobs um and do it

508
00:31:28,120 --> 00:31:31,960
Speaker 1: with the safe search off for sure um and and

509
00:31:32,000 --> 00:31:38,040
Speaker 1: just just roll those die. Uh. So what's really interesting

510
00:31:38,080 --> 00:31:41,920
Speaker 1: about the elephant mammary glands is that they are some

511
00:31:42,000 --> 00:31:45,080
Speaker 1: of the most human looking boobs on an animal that

512
00:31:45,200 --> 00:31:49,719
Speaker 1: I've actually ever seen, and that includes primates, because if

513
00:31:49,840 --> 00:31:53,680
Speaker 1: you think of primate boobs, they actually, you know, they're

514
00:31:53,720 --> 00:31:59,440
Speaker 1: they're pretty small, they're kind of flat as kansas um.

515
00:31:59,480 --> 00:32:04,280
Speaker 1: But the elephants actually have more extensive breast tissue. So

516
00:32:04,880 --> 00:32:07,840
Speaker 1: the reason their breast tissue is so voluptuous is so

517
00:32:07,960 --> 00:32:11,280
Speaker 1: the baby elephant can reach better. Because elephants are big,

518
00:32:11,320 --> 00:32:15,520
Speaker 1: baby elephants are less big, and that's tricky. And it's

519
00:32:15,560 --> 00:32:18,360
Speaker 1: also interesting because those boobs are in the front, like

520
00:32:18,600 --> 00:32:20,480
Speaker 1: on their chest, like you would see in a human,

521
00:32:20,920 --> 00:32:23,680
Speaker 1: which you may wonder like why aren't they in the back,

522
00:32:23,760 --> 00:32:26,800
Speaker 1: like uh, you know, a cow or something. So there's

523
00:32:26,800 --> 00:32:29,720
Speaker 1: a very simple reason. The back just has no room

524
00:32:29,760 --> 00:32:32,920
Speaker 1: for boobs, and this has to do with how they

525
00:32:32,920 --> 00:32:35,440
Speaker 1: give birth. So in order to give birth and not

526
00:32:35,680 --> 00:32:37,960
Speaker 1: drop a little baby Dumbo on his sweet little head

527
00:32:37,960 --> 00:32:42,400
Speaker 1: and kill them immediately. Uh, the vagina is actually under

528
00:32:42,400 --> 00:32:46,480
Speaker 1: the elephant, like between her legs, so the calf doesn't

529
00:32:46,560 --> 00:32:49,480
Speaker 1: have as far to go. So in other unguleets you

530
00:32:49,520 --> 00:32:53,520
Speaker 1: may know, like like in cow's the vaginal opening is

531
00:32:53,560 --> 00:32:55,480
Speaker 1: it kind of like closer to the butt, like near

532
00:32:55,520 --> 00:32:59,560
Speaker 1: the tail um, and so the calf kind of drops

533
00:32:59,600 --> 00:33:01,960
Speaker 1: a little bit. If that happened with an elephant, that

534
00:33:02,000 --> 00:33:05,880
Speaker 1: would be really bad for the baby. Uh I see, yeah, yeah,

535
00:33:05,960 --> 00:33:08,959
Speaker 1: yeah right, So because they give birth down there and

536
00:33:09,400 --> 00:33:12,560
Speaker 1: that's where the vaginal opening is, there's just no room

537
00:33:12,680 --> 00:33:16,480
Speaker 1: for the breasts. Uh So that's why they're between on

538
00:33:16,520 --> 00:33:20,000
Speaker 1: their chest. Okay, sorry, I'm catching up the speeding. Just

539
00:33:20,520 --> 00:33:23,800
Speaker 1: I'm a little baffled. And this is changing changing some things,

540
00:33:23,840 --> 00:33:27,520
Speaker 1: for changing how you look at elephants, literally elephants like

541
00:33:27,560 --> 00:33:34,240
Speaker 1: Mark trunk shop here. Yeah, I guess so, I guess so.

542
00:33:34,520 --> 00:33:37,600
Speaker 1: I mean because elephants are already such amazing and intelligent

543
00:33:37,640 --> 00:33:40,840
Speaker 1: creatures and cognitively, the more we learn about them, the

544
00:33:40,960 --> 00:33:45,600
Speaker 1: more we learn that their thought processes are are very,

545
00:33:45,680 --> 00:33:49,440
Speaker 1: very sophisticated, and they feel increasingly, I don't want to

546
00:33:49,440 --> 00:33:52,760
Speaker 1: say human like, but increasingly like a pure species in

547
00:33:52,800 --> 00:33:55,960
Speaker 1: some ways. So now finding out I do I do

548
00:33:56,040 --> 00:33:58,000
Speaker 1: want to interrupt you to say I do like that

549
00:33:58,040 --> 00:34:01,200
Speaker 1: you're thinking about the elephant's mind, not just her chest.

550
00:34:01,360 --> 00:34:05,440
Speaker 1: That's really woke of you. Thank you. I try to

551
00:34:05,440 --> 00:34:08,480
Speaker 1: be elephant woke. This is so much information though, like

552
00:34:08,960 --> 00:34:12,640
Speaker 1: how how human are they? I don't well, I don't know,

553
00:34:12,920 --> 00:34:15,799
Speaker 1: so to put your mind at ease, this isn't it's

554
00:34:15,840 --> 00:34:19,319
Speaker 1: a it's another case of parallel evolution um. But it

555
00:34:19,440 --> 00:34:23,680
Speaker 1: is really interesting because most animals don't actually have large

556
00:34:23,760 --> 00:34:26,920
Speaker 1: breasts or like it's like an utter situation where their

557
00:34:27,000 --> 00:34:31,480
Speaker 1: utters swell during pregnancy nursing, and certainly they don't have

558
00:34:31,760 --> 00:34:34,600
Speaker 1: the kind of like large breasts that elephants have. And

559
00:34:34,640 --> 00:34:38,440
Speaker 1: that's uh. Those are as I mentioned before designed to

560
00:34:38,560 --> 00:34:41,319
Speaker 1: make it easier for the baby elephant to reach. But

561
00:34:41,600 --> 00:34:48,200
Speaker 1: humans human breasts are actually really kind of an evolutionary mystery, um.

562
00:34:48,400 --> 00:34:53,239
Speaker 1: Scientists are baffled by boobs uh and it's uh. There

563
00:34:53,239 --> 00:34:56,000
Speaker 1: are a few theories, like some are nutrition, like maybe

564
00:34:56,040 --> 00:34:59,040
Speaker 1: it's kind of like camel humps, where you store extra

565
00:34:59,080 --> 00:35:05,719
Speaker 1: fat for neur my humps, my humps, my lovely um.

566
00:35:05,760 --> 00:35:08,680
Speaker 1: One of the more popular theories that I actually think

567
00:35:08,840 --> 00:35:12,880
Speaker 1: is probably more convincing is that it's sexual selection, um,

568
00:35:12,920 --> 00:35:16,680
Speaker 1: that they somehow It's just kind of this thing in

569
00:35:16,760 --> 00:35:21,279
Speaker 1: nature where sometimes certain characteristics are attractive because they may

570
00:35:21,800 --> 00:35:27,120
Speaker 1: signal sexual maturity or uh some kind of sexual fitness,

571
00:35:27,600 --> 00:35:31,040
Speaker 1: and then that trait becomes more and more exaggerated because

572
00:35:31,040 --> 00:35:34,880
Speaker 1: that that signal uh is very powerful. So an example

573
00:35:34,880 --> 00:35:37,520
Speaker 1: of that is, um, there are certain birds that if

574
00:35:37,560 --> 00:35:42,760
Speaker 1: you give them a big egg, like a big fake egg,

575
00:35:42,920 --> 00:35:46,520
Speaker 1: they care about it even more than the smaller eggs

576
00:35:46,560 --> 00:35:49,399
Speaker 1: because that signal is just like really powerful. So that's

577
00:35:49,440 --> 00:35:52,040
Speaker 1: kind of like potentially with breast, like the you know,

578
00:35:52,320 --> 00:35:56,319
Speaker 1: having more voluptuous breasts is like this overpowering signal that

579
00:35:56,480 --> 00:36:05,160
Speaker 1: just uh mesmerizes like our early human ancestor males or something. Yeah,

580
00:36:05,320 --> 00:36:07,440
Speaker 1: that's okay, I see the I see the point you're

581
00:36:07,440 --> 00:36:10,600
Speaker 1: making here. I want to point out something too, like

582
00:36:10,880 --> 00:36:13,239
Speaker 1: I maybe I haven't been to the zoo or on

583
00:36:13,360 --> 00:36:16,400
Speaker 1: safari enough to see elephants, you know, in their natural habitat.

584
00:36:16,880 --> 00:36:19,279
Speaker 1: Typically thinking them, think of them is rearing up on

585
00:36:19,280 --> 00:36:21,840
Speaker 1: their back legs too too much, because the image that

586
00:36:21,840 --> 00:36:23,879
Speaker 1: you have for us in the slide show is an

587
00:36:23,880 --> 00:36:26,680
Speaker 1: elephant and kind of an awkward squatting position that's allowing

588
00:36:26,760 --> 00:36:30,319
Speaker 1: us to see these uh, these elephant boobs. Um, but

589
00:36:30,560 --> 00:36:32,879
Speaker 1: it typically wouldn't be something you would notice, I would think,

590
00:36:33,000 --> 00:36:37,200
Speaker 1: right right, yeah, I mean it's uh if when they're standing.

591
00:36:37,280 --> 00:36:40,239
Speaker 1: I think that's also why this is an image that

592
00:36:40,480 --> 00:36:44,480
Speaker 1: is capturing so many people's attention. Um. Usually when you

593
00:36:44,560 --> 00:36:47,680
Speaker 1: see an elephant there, uh, it's it's a little harder

594
00:36:47,680 --> 00:36:52,600
Speaker 1: to see they're rocking tips, um because that they're angled,

595
00:36:52,640 --> 00:36:54,759
Speaker 1: not in such a way to show them off. And

596
00:36:54,880 --> 00:36:58,680
Speaker 1: so yeah, it's sometimes do that. I'm actually trying. I'm

597
00:36:58,760 --> 00:37:00,520
Speaker 1: kind of trying to figure out why she is kneeling

598
00:37:00,520 --> 00:37:03,839
Speaker 1: in this picture. Um. It could be to go the bathroom.

599
00:37:04,360 --> 00:37:07,840
Speaker 1: It could be, um that she tripped. That's how I

600
00:37:07,880 --> 00:37:09,840
Speaker 1: want to think of it, as like it's a Marilyn

601
00:37:09,960 --> 00:37:13,920
Speaker 1: Monroe situation where she just kind of stumbled and she's like, oh, sorry,

602
00:37:14,160 --> 00:37:18,880
Speaker 1: is my my is my beautiful chest showing exactly the

603
00:37:18,920 --> 00:37:20,960
Speaker 1: baby looks like it's about to get on her back

604
00:37:21,040 --> 00:37:23,800
Speaker 1: or something too. It's it's a weird situation there, baby

605
00:37:24,040 --> 00:37:26,000
Speaker 1: kind of coming up behind the check on him. He's

606
00:37:26,040 --> 00:37:34,120
Speaker 1: just like really embarrassing, like moms toar mom. Um. So

607
00:37:34,680 --> 00:37:37,760
Speaker 1: I teased earlier that I wanted to talk about animal

608
00:37:37,960 --> 00:37:42,160
Speaker 1: pouch kind of like a potential um sort of proto

609
00:37:42,200 --> 00:37:48,160
Speaker 1: pouch situation. Uh. And it's actually a very interesting animal. Um.

610
00:37:48,320 --> 00:37:52,960
Speaker 1: So it's called the Colugo Flying Lemur and it's actually

611
00:37:53,040 --> 00:37:55,880
Speaker 1: not a lemur and it doesn't fly, so what the heck?

612
00:37:55,960 --> 00:37:58,640
Speaker 1: Why you know? Yeah, is that like it's just a

613
00:37:58,840 --> 00:38:02,040
Speaker 1: street name or something. Just that's that's the it's it's

614
00:38:02,080 --> 00:38:04,880
Speaker 1: a type of drug. Actually, it's called Colugo Flying Lemur.

615
00:38:05,200 --> 00:38:08,840
Speaker 1: It's really gonna make you, really gonna make you fly, dude.

616
00:38:10,400 --> 00:38:13,120
Speaker 1: Um So they this this creature definitely looks like he's

617
00:38:13,160 --> 00:38:17,239
Speaker 1: tripping balls. He's got these giant like dilated pupils. Yeah,

618
00:38:17,360 --> 00:38:19,560
Speaker 1: I thought, yeah, I thought I could see tripping always

619
00:38:19,600 --> 00:38:23,640
Speaker 1: thinking more like a studio gibli anime animal in some

620
00:38:23,719 --> 00:38:28,520
Speaker 1: kind of magical woodland environment. Yeah. Sure, it looks like

621
00:38:29,560 --> 00:38:32,080
Speaker 1: the lead thirteen year old me off on an adventure.

622
00:38:32,440 --> 00:38:35,160
Speaker 1: So to describe this for the audience, like, it's it

623
00:38:35,239 --> 00:38:40,160
Speaker 1: kind of looks like a DreamWorks version of a flying squirrel,

624
00:38:40,320 --> 00:38:44,240
Speaker 1: like remember what was his name script the little squirrel

625
00:38:44,280 --> 00:38:48,200
Speaker 1: from ice Age? Oh yeah, something like that. Yeah, like that,

626
00:38:48,239 --> 00:38:51,560
Speaker 1: but with like big old skin flaps. Um. So, they

627
00:38:51,600 --> 00:38:55,719
Speaker 1: live in Southeast Asia. They're not lemurs, but they are

628
00:38:55,800 --> 00:39:01,280
Speaker 1: close relatives of primates. Um they uh, like I said,

629
00:39:01,360 --> 00:39:03,120
Speaker 1: they're kind of like they look a little bit like

630
00:39:03,160 --> 00:39:06,400
Speaker 1: flying squirrels, but way more fucky. Uh. They have a

631
00:39:06,400 --> 00:39:09,400
Speaker 1: big flap of skin they can use to glide huge

632
00:39:09,480 --> 00:39:15,799
Speaker 1: distances up to five feet without even losing that much altitude. Um,

633
00:39:15,960 --> 00:39:18,400
Speaker 1: they kind of look like they should be close relatives

634
00:39:18,440 --> 00:39:21,920
Speaker 1: of bats, but they're not. That's just another case of

635
00:39:21,920 --> 00:39:26,840
Speaker 1: parallel evolution. UM. And they're really bad at climbing and

636
00:39:26,880 --> 00:39:30,160
Speaker 1: are super clumsy, so it's it's very fortunate that they

637
00:39:30,160 --> 00:39:33,560
Speaker 1: have built in parachute. They kind of climbed by like

638
00:39:33,600 --> 00:39:42,480
Speaker 1: awkwardly hopping up a tree. Um. They eat shoots and leaves. Uh.

639
00:39:42,520 --> 00:39:46,520
Speaker 1: And uh they actually use their skin flaps sometimes to

640
00:39:46,600 --> 00:39:50,839
Speaker 1: carry their babies. Now they're not, uh, they're not. This

641
00:39:50,920 --> 00:39:54,920
Speaker 1: is not necessarily like, oh, this is how uh pouches evolved,

642
00:39:54,960 --> 00:39:57,560
Speaker 1: But I think it's an interesting thing where you have this,

643
00:39:57,880 --> 00:40:01,120
Speaker 1: you have some anatomical feature, and then you can kind

644
00:40:01,160 --> 00:40:06,799
Speaker 1: of see how potentially, like a another structure could be

645
00:40:07,200 --> 00:40:10,120
Speaker 1: start to be used for caring for offspring, Like how

646
00:40:10,160 --> 00:40:14,760
Speaker 1: the pouch like was evolved to be a protective area

647
00:40:14,840 --> 00:40:17,520
Speaker 1: for the offspring. You have these arm flaps which are

648
00:40:17,560 --> 00:40:19,880
Speaker 1: not to be used as a pouch, but then they

649
00:40:19,920 --> 00:40:22,279
Speaker 1: do get used as that, and that's really interesting to me.

650
00:40:23,000 --> 00:40:29,160
Speaker 1: It's fascinating. It's it's almost like a an evolutionary crossroads

651
00:40:29,440 --> 00:40:33,600
Speaker 1: or adaptive crossroads, like what what will win the day?

652
00:40:33,680 --> 00:40:37,239
Speaker 1: Will it be more useful to uh glide and have

653
00:40:37,320 --> 00:40:40,160
Speaker 1: a built in parachute because you're crappy at climbing, or

654
00:40:40,239 --> 00:40:42,719
Speaker 1: it would be more useful to have a pouch to

655
00:40:42,760 --> 00:40:45,640
Speaker 1: protect you're young. I don't know exactly, And I think

656
00:40:45,640 --> 00:40:49,320
Speaker 1: that's that's also what makes UH studying evolution so tricky,

657
00:40:49,440 --> 00:40:52,360
Speaker 1: because you can look at a characteristic and say, Okay,

658
00:40:52,400 --> 00:40:56,160
Speaker 1: clearly this evolved to like allow them to flyer something,

659
00:40:56,160 --> 00:40:58,680
Speaker 1: but it could have started out as something else, like

660
00:40:58,680 --> 00:41:02,239
Speaker 1: a structure. Maybe maybe it did start out as like

661
00:41:02,280 --> 00:41:05,040
Speaker 1: a structure that helped with their child rearing, but then

662
00:41:05,120 --> 00:41:08,080
Speaker 1: it as it got bigger, like it actually helped them

663
00:41:08,120 --> 00:41:10,640
Speaker 1: with gliding, and then it turned into that. So that

664
00:41:11,120 --> 00:41:17,359
Speaker 1: evolution is a twisty turny uh kind of kangaroo vagina situation, UH,

665
00:41:18,200 --> 00:41:20,040
Speaker 1: where it's just like you have all these twists and

666
00:41:20,080 --> 00:41:23,319
Speaker 1: turns and weirdness. So one other fun fact about them

667
00:41:23,440 --> 00:41:26,040
Speaker 1: is that in order to poop, they have to lift

668
00:41:26,120 --> 00:41:30,200
Speaker 1: their skin flap over their body, and it's really weird looking.

669
00:41:30,400 --> 00:41:35,480
Speaker 1: If you guys, check out slide number seven. I discussed it.

670
00:41:35,640 --> 00:41:38,840
Speaker 1: I am trauma. This is you know. I thought I

671
00:41:38,920 --> 00:41:43,759
Speaker 1: thought I had gotten over the tough part with the

672
00:41:43,840 --> 00:41:47,799
Speaker 1: elephant breast, but this is traumatizing. I didn't know what

673
00:41:47,840 --> 00:41:49,480
Speaker 1: I was looking at for a second. I thought it

674
00:41:49,520 --> 00:41:52,680
Speaker 1: was a weird dragon fruit. Uh is it turning? Is

675
00:41:52,719 --> 00:41:56,760
Speaker 1: it turning its pouch inside out? We're seeing the inside

676
00:41:56,760 --> 00:41:59,920
Speaker 1: of the pouch, like right, so it's well, it's not

677
00:42:00,000 --> 00:42:02,279
Speaker 1: really a pouch. It's just this like well, yeah, no,

678
00:42:02,320 --> 00:42:04,319
Speaker 1: I got in the flaps. Yeah, it's like it took

679
00:42:04,360 --> 00:42:08,320
Speaker 1: its cape up right, and all in the entire cape

680
00:42:08,400 --> 00:42:10,359
Speaker 1: turned out to be made of asshole. It's like an

681
00:42:10,360 --> 00:42:13,080
Speaker 1: animal kingdom goat. See kind of it really is? It

682
00:42:13,120 --> 00:42:18,000
Speaker 1: looks prolapsed. Oh my god. Well so, uh, it's the

683
00:42:18,040 --> 00:42:20,959
Speaker 1: membrane that makes up it's flap. Like on the top,

684
00:42:21,000 --> 00:42:23,319
Speaker 1: it looks kind of cool because it's covered in fur,

685
00:42:23,400 --> 00:42:26,280
Speaker 1: but from the bottom it's nude. It's not covered in fur,

686
00:42:26,520 --> 00:42:30,959
Speaker 1: so it's all vainy and weird and pink and translucent. Uh.

687
00:42:31,000 --> 00:42:33,360
Speaker 1: And it's when it folds itself up, it kind of

688
00:42:33,400 --> 00:42:37,719
Speaker 1: looks like it's turning itself inside out. Uh yeah, it's

689
00:42:37,880 --> 00:42:42,560
Speaker 1: uh stuff of nightmares kind of a like a you

690
00:42:42,560 --> 00:42:47,959
Speaker 1: know that that painter Hieronymous Bosh, like all his paintings

691
00:42:48,000 --> 00:42:52,520
Speaker 1: of humans being tortured in hell, it looks like, yep,

692
00:42:52,920 --> 00:42:57,640
Speaker 1: can you imagine there? But for the grace of randomized

693
00:42:57,680 --> 00:43:01,239
Speaker 1: evolution go us. You know, humans aren't perfect. But I'm

694
00:43:01,280 --> 00:43:03,200
Speaker 1: so glad I don't have to go through that just

695
00:43:03,239 --> 00:43:05,400
Speaker 1: to use the restroom. I mean, I don't know, because

696
00:43:05,480 --> 00:43:09,880
Speaker 1: like maybe if we had evolved big skin flaps, we'd

697
00:43:09,880 --> 00:43:13,720
Speaker 1: consider that sexy, Like like maybe colugos have a whole

698
00:43:14,040 --> 00:43:18,320
Speaker 1: category of corn that's just like skin flap. Yeah. Oh

699
00:43:18,360 --> 00:43:20,919
Speaker 1: my gosh. It was the worst up script videos ever.

700
00:43:21,560 --> 00:43:24,080
Speaker 1: Uh yeah, I'm just I'm really glad that I don't

701
00:43:24,120 --> 00:43:28,080
Speaker 1: have to pull my asshole over my back to use

702
00:43:28,120 --> 00:43:32,960
Speaker 1: the restroom. It sounds a little sounds a little overrated,

703
00:43:33,000 --> 00:43:34,759
Speaker 1: to be honest to me. What is he using to

704
00:43:34,840 --> 00:43:37,600
Speaker 1: do it? I don't understand what I'm looking at. So

705
00:43:37,680 --> 00:43:40,839
Speaker 1: you see, you see that that kind of line that's

706
00:43:40,840 --> 00:43:44,120
Speaker 1: going down, that's that's yeah, that's like his tail bones.

707
00:43:44,680 --> 00:43:47,000
Speaker 1: Uh and I got it. Okay, I see. For a

708
00:43:47,000 --> 00:43:48,960
Speaker 1: second I thought he was like using his mouth to

709
00:43:49,000 --> 00:43:52,840
Speaker 1: like pull it up over like that's even more disturbing.

710
00:43:53,400 --> 00:43:56,040
Speaker 1: And he just kind of like exactly turns inside out

711
00:43:56,080 --> 00:43:58,919
Speaker 1: and disappears and doesn't. The thing is that you don't

712
00:43:58,920 --> 00:44:00,960
Speaker 1: need this to be anymore to serving. It's fine just

713
00:44:01,040 --> 00:44:05,440
Speaker 1: the way, Thank you very much. Okay, great, some new

714
00:44:05,560 --> 00:44:08,319
Speaker 1: nightmare fuel. Now this is really helpful. Well we can

715
00:44:08,360 --> 00:44:10,759
Speaker 1: take a quick break up, but then I'm gonna throw

716
00:44:10,800 --> 00:44:15,239
Speaker 1: more stuff at you. All right, I'm ready. Yeah, I'll

717
00:44:15,239 --> 00:44:21,360
Speaker 1: steal myself. So can you look like a regular human

718
00:44:21,400 --> 00:44:24,480
Speaker 1: on the outside but an alien on the inside. There

719
00:44:24,520 --> 00:44:26,799
Speaker 1: was a recent news story about a ninety nine year

720
00:44:26,800 --> 00:44:30,480
Speaker 1: old woman who donated her body to science medical students

721
00:44:30,520 --> 00:44:33,839
Speaker 1: at Organ Health and Science University in Portland. We're using

722
00:44:33,840 --> 00:44:36,399
Speaker 1: her cadaver in a gross anatomy class. When I say

723
00:44:36,440 --> 00:44:39,560
Speaker 1: gross anatomy, it doesn't mean disgusting anatomy. It just means

724
00:44:39,840 --> 00:44:42,560
Speaker 1: anatomy that can be seen with the naked eye. In

725
00:44:42,600 --> 00:44:47,919
Speaker 1: this case, the anatomy was particularly well. Odd year old

726
00:44:47,920 --> 00:44:50,439
Speaker 1: woman had lived a long and healthy life without ever

727
00:44:50,560 --> 00:44:54,000
Speaker 1: knowing that her organs were backwards. Her liver and other

728
00:44:54,040 --> 00:44:56,720
Speaker 1: abnominal organs grew on the left side of her body.

729
00:44:57,160 --> 00:44:59,920
Speaker 1: Typically they grow on the right. It's a rare condition

730
00:45:00,080 --> 00:45:04,040
Speaker 1: called sit us and versus with levi acardia. She's thought

731
00:45:04,040 --> 00:45:06,600
Speaker 1: to be the oldest person to survive with this condition,

732
00:45:06,719 --> 00:45:08,920
Speaker 1: and I mean, at ninety nine years old, she's probably

733
00:45:08,960 --> 00:45:11,840
Speaker 1: one of the oldest people to live period. This is

734
00:45:11,880 --> 00:45:15,320
Speaker 1: a one in twenty thousand condition with a typically bad outlook,

735
00:45:15,440 --> 00:45:18,799
Speaker 1: where only one in fifty million lived to adulthood. So

736
00:45:18,920 --> 00:45:22,800
Speaker 1: this year old woman was truly one and a billion fold.

737
00:45:22,840 --> 00:45:36,040
Speaker 1: Onto your livers. We'll be right back with more wild anatomy.

738
00:45:39,280 --> 00:45:43,239
Speaker 1: Sometimes animals are so strange scientists don't believe they're real.

739
00:45:43,719 --> 00:45:46,759
Speaker 1: This was the case when the platypus was discovered in

740
00:45:46,840 --> 00:45:51,040
Speaker 1: sevent The biologist George Shaw couldn't believe that the platypus

741
00:45:51,080 --> 00:45:54,719
Speaker 1: specimen he was looking at was real. After all, platypus

742
00:45:54,719 --> 00:45:57,000
Speaker 1: has what looks like a duck's bill and a beaver's

743
00:45:57,040 --> 00:46:01,000
Speaker 1: tail with no nipples, and it lays eggs. Surely, people

744
00:46:01,000 --> 00:46:03,520
Speaker 1: thought it must be a hoax. But as you know,

745
00:46:03,600 --> 00:46:07,000
Speaker 1: the platypus is very real as are the freaky fantastical

746
00:46:07,040 --> 00:46:10,880
Speaker 1: animals were about to discuss these animals may not have

747
00:46:10,920 --> 00:46:16,400
Speaker 1: heard of Alright, guys, So I want you to imagine

748
00:46:16,400 --> 00:46:20,920
Speaker 1: that you're walking in the beautiful forests of Southeast Asia. Awesome.

749
00:46:21,719 --> 00:46:26,680
Speaker 1: You're there among trees and plants and various wildlife, and

750
00:46:26,960 --> 00:46:30,920
Speaker 1: suddenly you smell the delicious scent of popcorn. You look around.

751
00:46:31,320 --> 00:46:33,920
Speaker 1: There's no theaters to be found here, it's a forest.

752
00:46:34,719 --> 00:46:37,360
Speaker 1: Suddenly you see what looks like a cross between a lorex,

753
00:46:37,400 --> 00:46:40,440
Speaker 1: a bear cat, and a monkey. It's the bent a Wrong.

754
00:46:41,600 --> 00:46:45,839
Speaker 1: Is it? Is this the source of this popcorn smell? Yes,

755
00:46:45,880 --> 00:46:48,760
Speaker 1: it is, which we will discuss. Uh do you guys?

756
00:46:48,800 --> 00:46:52,359
Speaker 1: See I sent you that image of the bent Wrong

757
00:46:52,520 --> 00:46:57,040
Speaker 1: just chilling on a tree. It's a mood for sure. Yeah.

758
00:46:57,160 --> 00:46:59,560
Speaker 1: And uh and the second image I show you you

759
00:46:59,600 --> 00:47:02,600
Speaker 1: can see how shaggy it is and how thick its

760
00:47:02,719 --> 00:47:08,440
Speaker 1: tail is. It is a chunky, chunky tail. So um,

761
00:47:08,480 --> 00:47:11,360
Speaker 1: it looks like a Doctor Seuss creature to me, like

762
00:47:11,360 --> 00:47:14,279
Speaker 1: like an old gnar or like a Jim Hinson. Oh

763
00:47:14,400 --> 00:47:18,160
Speaker 1: you know, like in the dark crystal the what what

764
00:47:18,200 --> 00:47:22,320
Speaker 1: are those the sears? Oh? Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, it

765
00:47:22,360 --> 00:47:26,560
Speaker 1: kind of looks like that. So it's um uh, like

766
00:47:26,600 --> 00:47:30,560
Speaker 1: I said, it's found in Southeast Asia. It looks it's

767
00:47:30,600 --> 00:47:38,000
Speaker 1: like black and gray, shaggy, big tufted ears. Yeah, like

768
00:47:38,080 --> 00:47:41,960
Speaker 1: a big honey badger. But its face is like floppity.

769
00:47:42,320 --> 00:47:44,439
Speaker 1: It looks like a It also seems like it does

770
00:47:44,480 --> 00:47:46,600
Speaker 1: give a fuck. It's got kind of kind eyes. It

771
00:47:46,640 --> 00:47:48,960
Speaker 1: looks like it would give you wisdom and kind of

772
00:47:48,960 --> 00:47:51,200
Speaker 1: like take you under its wing and nurture you as

773
00:47:51,239 --> 00:47:53,520
Speaker 1: a traveler, like in the jungle. I think that's that's

774
00:47:53,520 --> 00:47:55,920
Speaker 1: what I'm picturing. Maybe in the first picture. In the

775
00:47:56,000 --> 00:47:59,319
Speaker 1: second picture though, the eyes, and maybe it's the gradation

776
00:47:59,760 --> 00:48:03,160
Speaker 1: of the facial hair. But in the second picture it

777
00:48:03,200 --> 00:48:06,600
Speaker 1: looks like a villain. It's like the first picture is

778
00:48:06,640 --> 00:48:11,040
Speaker 1: sort of the Simba or Mufasa and the second pictures

779
00:48:11,120 --> 00:48:14,080
Speaker 1: the scar version. Oh man, they should have they should

780
00:48:14,080 --> 00:48:16,960
Speaker 1: have made the Lion King remake with bin t wrongs.

781
00:48:17,000 --> 00:48:20,120
Speaker 1: That would have been so much better. I know that

782
00:48:20,200 --> 00:48:23,760
Speaker 1: they didn't answer my tweets, but there's always next reboot,

783
00:48:23,880 --> 00:48:27,280
Speaker 1: right is it? Is it a prehensile tail? I mean, like, okay,

784
00:48:27,360 --> 00:48:30,080
Speaker 1: got it? It is indeed, so prehensile means it can

785
00:48:30,120 --> 00:48:32,600
Speaker 1: grasp and hold things, and it can do that. In fact,

786
00:48:32,600 --> 00:48:35,440
Speaker 1: when they're young, they can actually hang by their tails.

787
00:48:35,480 --> 00:48:40,280
Speaker 1: But when they get older, they're just too fat, too heavy,

788
00:48:40,320 --> 00:48:43,520
Speaker 1: as you said, so that adaptation becomes less helpful as

789
00:48:43,520 --> 00:48:45,279
Speaker 1: they get older, or like does it does it still

790
00:48:45,280 --> 00:48:47,600
Speaker 1: serve a purpose for them, still serves a purpose, still

791
00:48:47,600 --> 00:48:51,879
Speaker 1: allows them to balance as they climb on trees. And

792
00:48:51,960 --> 00:48:55,480
Speaker 1: you know, for for young bin t wrong, that's maybe

793
00:48:55,560 --> 00:48:59,440
Speaker 1: less adept at climbing. That being able to actually support

794
00:48:59,480 --> 00:49:01,680
Speaker 1: their whole way on a tree is very much more useful,

795
00:49:01,719 --> 00:49:05,560
Speaker 1: probably than an adult. So it's actually not a cat

796
00:49:05,719 --> 00:49:09,319
Speaker 1: or a bear. It is. Try to guess like some

797
00:49:09,480 --> 00:49:15,080
Speaker 1: of its closest relatives. Okay, not cats, not bears, not badgers.

798
00:49:15,719 --> 00:49:20,720
Speaker 1: Uh your cat? Uh yeah? Maybe like uh oh, what's

799
00:49:20,800 --> 00:49:28,280
Speaker 1: what's the one? Um? Whatever? Red panda is Well, actually

800
00:49:28,320 --> 00:49:32,560
Speaker 1: your closest with the cat's guests. So they're member of

801
00:49:32,600 --> 00:49:37,720
Speaker 1: the Vivarid family, which includes palm civets and genets, which

802
00:49:38,239 --> 00:49:42,360
Speaker 1: civits and genets look like cats, but they aren't. Civets

803
00:49:42,400 --> 00:49:46,239
Speaker 1: are the ones that make the great but disturbing coffee, Yes,

804
00:49:46,560 --> 00:49:49,480
Speaker 1: the poop coffee. I think you're right about that, Yes,

805
00:49:49,920 --> 00:49:52,200
Speaker 1: so they eat these coffee beans and then they poop

806
00:49:52,239 --> 00:49:55,160
Speaker 1: it out, and then you collect the pooped out beans

807
00:49:55,200 --> 00:49:57,760
Speaker 1: and drink that up as your your nice hot poopy

808
00:49:57,800 --> 00:50:01,440
Speaker 1: bean juice in the morning. It's really expensive. Yeah, I

809
00:50:01,480 --> 00:50:09,880
Speaker 1: love my expensive poopy hot bean juice. So they're related

810
00:50:09,920 --> 00:50:13,880
Speaker 1: to cats, but they're also related to hyenas and weasels,

811
00:50:13,920 --> 00:50:16,960
Speaker 1: so that whole sort of group of I know, hyenas

812
00:50:16,960 --> 00:50:18,799
Speaker 1: seemed like a kind of weird, like you would think

813
00:50:18,800 --> 00:50:21,560
Speaker 1: they would be more related to dogs. But there that's

814
00:50:21,560 --> 00:50:25,520
Speaker 1: actually also parallel evolution, which we talked about a lot today.

815
00:50:25,560 --> 00:50:29,200
Speaker 1: But yeah, so that's what that thing is. This bent

816
00:50:29,280 --> 00:50:34,240
Speaker 1: a wrong. It's omnivorous and uh, it's about four ft

817
00:50:34,320 --> 00:50:37,000
Speaker 1: long from head to tail. Uh. The tail is about

818
00:50:37,040 --> 00:50:38,839
Speaker 1: as long as the body, so it's like a two

819
00:50:38,920 --> 00:50:41,719
Speaker 1: ft long tail two foot long body. Uh. They weigh

820
00:50:41,760 --> 00:50:46,000
Speaker 1: about fifty pounds, so you know, like a slight kind

821
00:50:46,000 --> 00:50:48,760
Speaker 1: of a big dog. They're like a big dog, ah,

822
00:50:48,760 --> 00:50:51,960
Speaker 1: with a bunch of shaggy fur and eyes that have

823
00:50:52,120 --> 00:50:57,080
Speaker 1: seen into the heart and soul of the universe. Um.

824
00:50:57,239 --> 00:51:00,600
Speaker 1: Females are actually larger than males, which is pretty rare

825
00:51:00,600 --> 00:51:04,920
Speaker 1: amongst mammals. Usually male mammals are larger than females as

826
00:51:04,960 --> 00:51:10,160
Speaker 1: you know, and um insects, the female is often larger. So,

827
00:51:10,719 --> 00:51:14,319
Speaker 1: like I mentioned earlier, they're famous for smelling like popcorn

828
00:51:14,560 --> 00:51:19,480
Speaker 1: or corn chips, a real yummy smell, and that that nice, pleasant,

829
00:51:19,560 --> 00:51:24,800
Speaker 1: popcorny smell is coming from their scrotal or volval glands.

830
00:51:24,800 --> 00:51:28,440
Speaker 1: Oh it's their steak. Yeah, it's their musk. So they

831
00:51:28,520 --> 00:51:31,960
Speaker 1: have they have some scent glands located near their genitals

832
00:51:32,560 --> 00:51:37,440
Speaker 1: that they used to mark and uh that it smells

833
00:51:37,480 --> 00:51:42,600
Speaker 1: like fresh buttery popcorn. Wait a minute, So I think

834
00:51:42,640 --> 00:51:45,480
Speaker 1: I heard and didn't believe one time that vanilla extract,

835
00:51:45,560 --> 00:51:49,080
Speaker 1: something from vanilla extract comes from like beaver scent glands.

836
00:51:49,200 --> 00:51:53,840
Speaker 1: Is that true? I don't know. I don't think. So what, well,

837
00:51:53,920 --> 00:51:56,080
Speaker 1: it seems to make sense based on what you're saying. Well,

838
00:51:56,120 --> 00:51:59,759
Speaker 1: I mean, like vanilla extract. I thought vanilla extract came

839
00:51:59,800 --> 00:52:03,640
Speaker 1: for the vanilla bean plan for sure, But I but

840
00:52:03,800 --> 00:52:06,480
Speaker 1: I heard, I heard there was like a synthetic version

841
00:52:06,480 --> 00:52:09,080
Speaker 1: of it that came from like beaver scent pouches. But

842
00:52:09,440 --> 00:52:11,480
Speaker 1: you know, people say all kinds of stuff, but at

843
00:52:11,480 --> 00:52:14,160
Speaker 1: the same time, like what they can't bottle this Uh,

844
00:52:14,239 --> 00:52:17,919
Speaker 1: this gland juice and make buttered popcorn. And I don't

845
00:52:17,960 --> 00:52:20,600
Speaker 1: know that's a good question. I'm actually I actually looked

846
00:52:20,640 --> 00:52:24,680
Speaker 1: up beaver butt uh and vanilla and I found a

847
00:52:24,760 --> 00:52:28,239
Speaker 1: National Geographic article that says beaver butts emitt good use

848
00:52:28,360 --> 00:52:33,480
Speaker 1: for vanilla flavoring. Yeah, substitute vanilla flavor uh and then

849
00:52:33,560 --> 00:52:40,120
Speaker 1: sometimes raspberry or strawberry. It's called castareum um and the

850
00:52:40,239 --> 00:52:44,040
Speaker 1: U s f d A list castoreum as generally regarded

851
00:52:44,040 --> 00:52:46,880
Speaker 1: as safe. I wish that they would, like do like,

852
00:52:47,040 --> 00:52:51,960
Speaker 1: generally regarded as safe but disgusting. Yeah. Also, I just

853
00:52:52,000 --> 00:52:55,399
Speaker 1: sound when last fact about that. I also found castorium

854
00:52:55,719 --> 00:53:00,360
Speaker 1: was used in Sweden to flavor schnops and they have

855
00:53:00,440 --> 00:53:04,640
Speaker 1: one called Literally it translates in English to beaver shout.

856
00:53:05,120 --> 00:53:11,560
Speaker 1: It's it's beaver butt juice booze. This. This is weird too,

857
00:53:11,600 --> 00:53:15,120
Speaker 1: because now I'm thinking, like, when I go to movie theaters,

858
00:53:15,560 --> 00:53:19,560
Speaker 1: am I smelling actual popcorn? Or am I smelling bent

859
00:53:19,640 --> 00:53:23,360
Speaker 1: a wrong booty? Probably not bent wrongs unless you're in

860
00:53:23,400 --> 00:53:28,120
Speaker 1: a forest in Southeast Asia. Okay, I mean it is interesting.

861
00:53:28,239 --> 00:53:32,000
Speaker 1: I think these are pretty These are threatened or endangered animals.

862
00:53:32,120 --> 00:53:35,040
Speaker 1: Um otherwise it'd be great to harvest their butt juices

863
00:53:35,120 --> 00:53:40,280
Speaker 1: to make artificial popcorn. Can people keep these as pets

864
00:53:40,360 --> 00:53:43,759
Speaker 1: or do they? I don't know. They shouldn't and you

865
00:53:44,000 --> 00:53:48,560
Speaker 1: wouldn't want to. But do people keep exotic animals as

866
00:53:48,600 --> 00:53:52,160
Speaker 1: past that they definitely shouldn't. I mean that does happen. Um.

867
00:53:52,600 --> 00:53:55,560
Speaker 1: They are at the San Diego Zoo. Uh. And I

868
00:53:55,640 --> 00:53:59,840
Speaker 1: looked up the They say that they get fed a

869
00:54:00,000 --> 00:54:03,880
Speaker 1: iet that includes primate biscuits, which is so cute, sounding

870
00:54:03,960 --> 00:54:08,600
Speaker 1: like we made you a little special biscuit. Bent Wrongs

871
00:54:08,640 --> 00:54:11,040
Speaker 1: aren't primates, but I guess that they are have a

872
00:54:11,080 --> 00:54:15,640
Speaker 1: similar diet because they're omnivorous. Are they intelligent, I don't know.

873
00:54:15,880 --> 00:54:19,600
Speaker 1: I think they're, you know, about as intelligent as like

874
00:54:19,719 --> 00:54:24,400
Speaker 1: a like a weasel or a cat, which is to say,

875
00:54:24,960 --> 00:54:28,880
Speaker 1: possibly like just containing the wisdom of the universe. But

876
00:54:29,000 --> 00:54:31,239
Speaker 1: sometimes they sit there and like their own butt hole

877
00:54:31,280 --> 00:54:33,600
Speaker 1: for hours, so it's hard to know. It's because of

878
00:54:33,600 --> 00:54:40,840
Speaker 1: the popcorn smells. Man, if my butthole smell like popcorn. Uh.

879
00:54:40,880 --> 00:54:42,879
Speaker 1: And then one other cool fact is that they can

880
00:54:42,920 --> 00:54:45,960
Speaker 1: turn their ankles and eighty degrees, so in theory they

881
00:54:46,000 --> 00:54:51,319
Speaker 1: could open doors like no too far, too far. So

882
00:54:51,360 --> 00:54:53,960
Speaker 1: if you if you're like at home and you suddenly

883
00:54:54,040 --> 00:54:57,279
Speaker 1: hear a door creak open and the scent of popcorn

884
00:54:57,360 --> 00:55:01,080
Speaker 1: wasps in the air, and you hear the footsteps and

885
00:55:01,160 --> 00:55:05,719
Speaker 1: a black, shaggy figure. It's probably me, actually, and I've

886
00:55:05,760 --> 00:55:10,600
Speaker 1: come over and brought some some popcorn and I'm covered

887
00:55:10,600 --> 00:55:15,520
Speaker 1: in dog hair. Classic, right, I'm loving the horror movie

888
00:55:15,560 --> 00:55:20,320
Speaker 1: set up here. So now let's go back to imagination Land,

889
00:55:21,000 --> 00:55:26,400
Speaker 1: imagination station, home of the brain. Uh So, now imagine

890
00:55:26,400 --> 00:55:30,240
Speaker 1: you're in the grasslands of South America. You smell something

891
00:55:30,520 --> 00:55:35,040
Speaker 1: distinct and it's not popcorn, but yes, it's the unmistakable

892
00:55:35,080 --> 00:55:39,160
Speaker 1: odor of that dank ass or my dude, some four twenties,

893
00:55:39,200 --> 00:55:43,240
Speaker 1: some of that old devil lettuce. You look around, ready

894
00:55:43,239 --> 00:55:46,080
Speaker 1: to choke it up with someone, but instead you see

895
00:55:46,080 --> 00:55:50,000
Speaker 1: a deer. No wait, that's no, dear. It comes closer

896
00:55:50,440 --> 00:55:53,840
Speaker 1: and closer, with long, long, spindly legs, a red body

897
00:55:53,880 --> 00:55:56,360
Speaker 1: of black mane, the tail of a fox, and the

898
00:55:56,440 --> 00:56:00,720
Speaker 1: head of a wolf. So this is the main wolves,

899
00:56:01,120 --> 00:56:03,600
Speaker 1: which is not a wolf, and they're not a fox

900
00:56:03,719 --> 00:56:07,400
Speaker 1: but a distinct species of kenid. So if you guys,

901
00:56:07,719 --> 00:56:11,000
Speaker 1: I've sent you a picture of this this guy, and

902
00:56:11,040 --> 00:56:15,080
Speaker 1: it's really incredible looking because its legs do not look

903
00:56:15,120 --> 00:56:17,600
Speaker 1: like they go with the animal. It's got a real

904
00:56:17,640 --> 00:56:20,200
Speaker 1: set of gams. Now, yeah, it's it's also it's all

905
00:56:20,280 --> 00:56:23,040
Speaker 1: kinds of wrong, You're right, Like the proportions seem off,

906
00:56:23,560 --> 00:56:26,120
Speaker 1: like the head size versus the legs, and it's got

907
00:56:26,160 --> 00:56:28,759
Speaker 1: this dainty little posture with the front legs crossed over

908
00:56:28,800 --> 00:56:31,520
Speaker 1: each other and has come hither look and these kind

909
00:56:31,560 --> 00:56:38,840
Speaker 1: of look I'm working through some feelings right now. Um yeah,

910
00:56:38,920 --> 00:56:42,319
Speaker 1: a k A wolf Maine. Because it smells like it

911
00:56:42,320 --> 00:56:44,720
Speaker 1: smells like weed apparently right, it does smell like weed

912
00:56:44,719 --> 00:56:48,520
Speaker 1: in fact, but how much cooler can this wolf? It

913
00:56:48,560 --> 00:56:52,000
Speaker 1: looks like it looks like, again, like a character you

914
00:56:52,000 --> 00:56:55,400
Speaker 1: would see in Spirited Away or something from No. It

915
00:56:55,400 --> 00:56:57,799
Speaker 1: totally looks like the spirit of the forest, like the

916
00:56:57,880 --> 00:57:01,120
Speaker 1: human face and spirit or oh yeah, Princess Monon Okay,

917
00:57:01,200 --> 00:57:04,799
Speaker 1: yeah exactly. And it smells like we this cat is

918
00:57:05,360 --> 00:57:08,040
Speaker 1: this is too cool for school? So yeah, they have urine,

919
00:57:08,360 --> 00:57:11,120
Speaker 1: uh that they used to mark their territory. And it

920
00:57:11,239 --> 00:57:16,200
Speaker 1: smells so strongly of marijuana that at the Rotterdam Zoo

921
00:57:16,200 --> 00:57:20,480
Speaker 1: where they kept main wolves, cops were looking around, uh,

922
00:57:20,560 --> 00:57:24,960
Speaker 1: scouring the zoo for pot smokers because they're like, we

923
00:57:25,080 --> 00:57:28,120
Speaker 1: keep we keep smelling pot. But it was just wolf

924
00:57:28,200 --> 00:57:32,880
Speaker 1: pe weird. Okay, I think it's less cool now that

925
00:57:32,960 --> 00:57:36,880
Speaker 1: I know it's the urine that smells like marijuana. But

926
00:57:37,480 --> 00:57:39,840
Speaker 1: still I visited in the zoo. Wait a minute, are

927
00:57:39,840 --> 00:57:41,520
Speaker 1: you saying it's not okay to smoke weed at the

928
00:57:41,560 --> 00:57:45,080
Speaker 1: Rotterdam Zoo? I guess not. That's my that's my take away,

929
00:57:45,120 --> 00:57:47,400
Speaker 1: you know what. I actually, when I was researching this,

930
00:57:47,600 --> 00:57:50,280
Speaker 1: that was the most surprising thing to me. Not that

931
00:57:50,320 --> 00:57:53,440
Speaker 1: their pa smells like marijuana, because like, I'm so used

932
00:57:53,480 --> 00:57:56,440
Speaker 1: to whatever weird animal things they get up to. But

933
00:57:56,680 --> 00:58:00,400
Speaker 1: the fact that, like in Rotterdam, they're so in vested

934
00:58:00,400 --> 00:58:03,280
Speaker 1: in stopping people from smoking pot at the zoo blows

935
00:58:03,360 --> 00:58:07,280
Speaker 1: my mind. It's like a known issue with the Rotterdam.

936
00:58:08,520 --> 00:58:10,760
Speaker 1: Everyone goes there to get high. Well, I mean, you

937
00:58:10,760 --> 00:58:13,440
Speaker 1: can smoke weed openly in Rotterdam, right, I guess what

938
00:58:13,440 --> 00:58:15,760
Speaker 1: I was. I don't know. I guess not at the

939
00:58:15,880 --> 00:58:18,720
Speaker 1: zoo though maybe not. It's for children. You got to

940
00:58:18,760 --> 00:58:21,200
Speaker 1: stick to your your hashbars and you have like the

941
00:58:21,240 --> 00:58:24,080
Speaker 1: proprietor I'm thinking of pulp fiction. Now it's four twenty

942
00:58:24,120 --> 00:58:26,800
Speaker 1: pm right now, just definitely in here in Atlanta, Georgia.

943
00:58:26,840 --> 00:58:33,720
Speaker 1: It's only one here. Um. That is funny though for

944
00:58:34,000 --> 00:58:38,320
Speaker 1: twenty dude. Uh So, like I said, main wolves aren't

945
00:58:38,320 --> 00:58:43,040
Speaker 1: actually wolves. Uh. They are this this species of canad

946
00:58:43,160 --> 00:58:49,800
Speaker 1: that um uh evolved these like weird deer like legs. Uh.

947
00:58:49,840 --> 00:58:52,600
Speaker 1: And they kind of look like a fox. A deer

948
00:58:52,600 --> 00:58:56,200
Speaker 1: and a wolf had an orgy and just like popped out.

949
00:58:56,200 --> 00:58:59,640
Speaker 1: There's a weird animal. Um. So they're about three ft

950
00:58:59,680 --> 00:59:01,960
Speaker 1: tall and they weigh about fifty pounds, so again kind

951
00:59:01,960 --> 00:59:06,280
Speaker 1: of like uh purports like their proportions are all different,

952
00:59:06,320 --> 00:59:08,280
Speaker 1: but they're about the size of a bent a wrong

953
00:59:09,000 --> 00:59:14,040
Speaker 1: um And Uh. They're omnivores and they're solitary hunters, so

954
00:59:14,080 --> 00:59:18,360
Speaker 1: they're not really like wolves in their social structure. Uh.

955
00:59:18,400 --> 00:59:21,919
Speaker 1: They're this is cute. They're actually monogamous. So they lived

956
00:59:21,960 --> 00:59:27,240
Speaker 1: together with their life partner and they'll um stick together.

957
00:59:27,360 --> 00:59:30,960
Speaker 1: And so I think they think their partner do hunt

958
00:59:31,000 --> 00:59:33,280
Speaker 1: together to some extent, but I don't think they actually

959
00:59:33,360 --> 00:59:35,680
Speaker 1: work together in the same way that like a wolf

960
00:59:35,720 --> 00:59:39,040
Speaker 1: pack structure does. But they do stick with one partner

961
00:59:39,200 --> 00:59:42,680
Speaker 1: typically speaking, which is really cute. And they also have

962
00:59:43,160 --> 01:00:01,080
Speaker 1: a roarer bark, which is really unique. Wow, that's it

963
01:00:01,160 --> 01:00:05,400
Speaker 1: does kind of sound like like death metal screaming. Imagine

964
01:00:05,400 --> 01:00:09,440
Speaker 1: hearing that that, like like you smell weed and you're

965
01:00:09,480 --> 01:00:12,880
Speaker 1: smoking weed and you hear that. Yeah. Oh I couldn't

966
01:00:12,880 --> 01:00:14,800
Speaker 1: deal with that. So you're one of your stoner metal

967
01:00:14,840 --> 01:00:17,840
Speaker 1: brethren are coming to join you, you know, because they're

968
01:00:17,680 --> 01:00:23,200
Speaker 1: they're out there vocalizing and that's so. Now I want

969
01:00:23,320 --> 01:00:27,960
Speaker 1: to move on to one of the most unfortunate looking

970
01:00:28,000 --> 01:00:31,760
Speaker 1: monkeys I've ever seen. So this is the black and white,

971
01:00:31,840 --> 01:00:35,640
Speaker 1: young and snub nosed monkey. They're Old world monkeys who

972
01:00:35,680 --> 01:00:40,400
Speaker 1: live in China, and they lack nasal bones and they

973
01:00:40,440 --> 01:00:45,040
Speaker 1: have vibrant, huge pink lips. Uh And honestly, they kind

974
01:00:45,040 --> 01:00:47,440
Speaker 1: of look like those pictures of like when someone gets

975
01:00:47,520 --> 01:00:52,080
Speaker 1: plastic surgery and it goes terribly wrong. Uh. So I

976
01:00:52,120 --> 01:00:55,640
Speaker 1: showed you guys that picture. As you can see, they

977
01:00:55,680 --> 01:01:00,200
Speaker 1: have no nose and just these huge, buluptuous lips. Mean,

978
01:01:00,200 --> 01:01:02,640
Speaker 1: it looks like a photoshop fail. I'm not gonna lie.

979
01:01:02,960 --> 01:01:06,680
Speaker 1: I mean it really does. The lips look very uncanny Valley.

980
01:01:06,720 --> 01:01:09,480
Speaker 1: The tone of them doesn't match anything else on their body.

981
01:01:09,800 --> 01:01:13,280
Speaker 1: It looks like absolutely all mixed up. I was so,

982
01:01:13,360 --> 01:01:16,240
Speaker 1: I was so taken with the nose. I've seen these

983
01:01:16,320 --> 01:01:20,240
Speaker 1: monkeys before, and I remember I was in a conversation

984
01:01:20,240 --> 01:01:23,160
Speaker 1: with someone about what they do when it rains, like

985
01:01:23,200 --> 01:01:27,080
Speaker 1: they can't look up because the water would get into

986
01:01:27,160 --> 01:01:30,800
Speaker 1: their nasal passages. But I never noticed the lips. I

987
01:01:30,840 --> 01:01:33,600
Speaker 1: was so taken by the nose. And now these yeah,

988
01:01:33,600 --> 01:01:36,360
Speaker 1: I'd agree, I'd agree with you, man. These these lips

989
01:01:36,360 --> 01:01:43,080
Speaker 1: look photo shops from real like Kylie General lips. Yeah. Why, well,

990
01:01:43,160 --> 01:01:46,439
Speaker 1: I feel like I'm asking that question continually here. Well

991
01:01:46,520 --> 01:01:49,360
Speaker 1: to know why, first, let's talk a little bit about

992
01:01:49,360 --> 01:01:53,800
Speaker 1: their habitat. They're one of the um highest altitude of

993
01:01:53,840 --> 01:01:57,800
Speaker 1: all the primates. They live around fifteen thousand feet above

994
01:01:57,920 --> 01:02:02,080
Speaker 1: sea level UM. The reason cold at these high altitudes

995
01:02:02,160 --> 01:02:04,880
Speaker 1: mean that if they had a nose, it would probably

996
01:02:04,920 --> 01:02:07,600
Speaker 1: just get frost bite all the time. So they just

997
01:02:08,000 --> 01:02:11,560
Speaker 1: don't have one. That's how they solve that problem, is

998
01:02:11,600 --> 01:02:15,000
Speaker 1: like nose keeps falling off, Well, just don't just don't

999
01:02:15,080 --> 01:02:20,280
Speaker 1: be born with enough um. And yeah, when it's it rains,

1000
01:02:20,320 --> 01:02:23,280
Speaker 1: they'll also sneeze a lot because it gets in their nose.

1001
01:02:23,360 --> 01:02:26,920
Speaker 1: And they have to sneeze it out um, and there's

1002
01:02:26,960 --> 01:02:29,640
Speaker 1: not that much food and nourishment up here, so they

1003
01:02:29,680 --> 01:02:32,439
Speaker 1: actually have evolved to be able to eat lichen off

1004
01:02:32,480 --> 01:02:36,560
Speaker 1: of trees, which normally you can't really digestive, but they've

1005
01:02:36,600 --> 01:02:41,440
Speaker 1: developed special digestive techniques for being able to get nutrition

1006
01:02:41,520 --> 01:02:46,440
Speaker 1: from the lichen um. And as for those juicy lips, uh,

1007
01:02:46,640 --> 01:02:51,600
Speaker 1: that actually could be sexual selection, which is really interesting

1008
01:02:51,640 --> 01:02:54,880
Speaker 1: because just like in humans, how big red, plump lips

1009
01:02:54,880 --> 01:02:59,400
Speaker 1: are considered attractive. This may be considered attractive among these

1010
01:02:59,520 --> 01:03:03,360
Speaker 1: numb those monkeys, but it's more important for the males

1011
01:03:03,440 --> 01:03:07,680
Speaker 1: to have these big, red, juicy lips. Um. It's also

1012
01:03:07,760 --> 01:03:11,000
Speaker 1: it tends to happen where the older males have redder

1013
01:03:11,200 --> 01:03:14,880
Speaker 1: and thicker lips, so that could be a dominant signal.

1014
01:03:14,880 --> 01:03:18,680
Speaker 1: It could be a sexual maturity signal. And it's uh,

1015
01:03:18,720 --> 01:03:21,440
Speaker 1: it's just it's so great. It's like they look like

1016
01:03:21,480 --> 01:03:24,840
Speaker 1: they have had way too many fillers in their lips. No,

1017
01:03:25,000 --> 01:03:27,120
Speaker 1: it sounds like a terrible idea. It's a bad idea.

1018
01:03:27,200 --> 01:03:29,520
Speaker 1: Don't do it. But it looks like that like someone

1019
01:03:29,600 --> 01:03:32,040
Speaker 1: like put a vacuum hose against their mouth and then

1020
01:03:32,240 --> 01:03:36,120
Speaker 1: pull it away and have these like big lips. But

1021
01:03:36,200 --> 01:03:39,880
Speaker 1: they're definitely these are just things they're born with that

1022
01:03:40,040 --> 01:03:44,320
Speaker 1: increase I guess in their extreme nature as the animal ages. Yeah,

1023
01:03:45,120 --> 01:03:47,840
Speaker 1: oh man, how are they doing, like in terms of

1024
01:03:47,880 --> 01:03:50,800
Speaker 1: like as a species, are they prevalent or are they

1025
01:03:50,680 --> 01:03:55,720
Speaker 1: They're very they're very threatened, uh, you know, and endangered

1026
01:03:55,760 --> 01:03:59,800
Speaker 1: their um. They have a very small population size so

1027
01:04:00,200 --> 01:04:06,400
Speaker 1: in the just like severals of thousands um so uh.

1028
01:04:06,400 --> 01:04:10,600
Speaker 1: And they also have such a unique habitat that uh.

1029
01:04:10,600 --> 01:04:13,800
Speaker 1: And they're so isolated. Uh, there's actually a little bit

1030
01:04:13,800 --> 01:04:18,160
Speaker 1: of genetic bottleneck. Uh. So researchers have like looked at

1031
01:04:18,160 --> 01:04:22,000
Speaker 1: their genome and found lack of diversity because they are

1032
01:04:22,080 --> 01:04:25,960
Speaker 1: such a small population and so insular, which is always

1033
01:04:26,000 --> 01:04:28,080
Speaker 1: a little bit of a concern with a unique species

1034
01:04:28,120 --> 01:04:30,720
Speaker 1: like this, because, um, when you lack a certain amount

1035
01:04:30,720 --> 01:04:34,000
Speaker 1: of genetic diversity, if a change to their environment happens

1036
01:04:34,080 --> 01:04:36,720
Speaker 1: or some kind of new disease pops up, they are

1037
01:04:37,040 --> 01:04:39,560
Speaker 1: much less likely to be able to cope with that. Yeah.

1038
01:04:39,640 --> 01:04:42,320
Speaker 1: Maybe you're you know, maybe you were onto something with

1039
01:04:42,400 --> 01:04:45,760
Speaker 1: the Kylie gener kind of earlier, because if you could

1040
01:04:45,760 --> 01:04:48,640
Speaker 1: get her on board with this, uh and get her

1041
01:04:48,680 --> 01:04:51,120
Speaker 1: to post some stuff on Instagram. Oh yeah, if we

1042
01:04:51,520 --> 01:04:55,840
Speaker 1: if we could make these monkeys Instagram models like Instagram

1043
01:04:55,960 --> 01:04:58,440
Speaker 1: stars like that that, and then people would get on

1044
01:04:58,480 --> 01:05:06,720
Speaker 1: board with protecting their them monkey influencers. Oh my god,

1045
01:05:06,760 --> 01:05:10,880
Speaker 1: I can't believe nobody else has the time come. You know,

1046
01:05:13,760 --> 01:05:16,320
Speaker 1: if you went in for an amputation and the surgeon

1047
01:05:16,440 --> 01:05:19,360
Speaker 1: sowed your leg on backwards, you might think you've got

1048
01:05:19,360 --> 01:05:22,960
Speaker 1: a medical malpractice case. But in some cases this is

1049
01:05:22,960 --> 01:05:27,600
Speaker 1: an intentional procedure. Rotation plasty is a procedure in which

1050
01:05:27,640 --> 01:05:32,240
Speaker 1: the leg is amputated, usually to exercise bone cancer. Then

1051
01:05:32,440 --> 01:05:35,400
Speaker 1: the lower part of the leg, if healthy, is reattached

1052
01:05:35,440 --> 01:05:38,520
Speaker 1: to the thigh backwards. The purpose of this is to

1053
01:05:38,640 --> 01:05:42,800
Speaker 1: create an knee using the foot. The ankle has the

1054
01:05:42,880 --> 01:05:47,160
Speaker 1: same hinge motion as the knee, just backwards, so rotating

1055
01:05:47,160 --> 01:05:50,520
Speaker 1: it gives the same locomotion as the knee. This allows

1056
01:05:50,560 --> 01:05:53,280
Speaker 1: people who have had an amputation to have a better

1057
01:05:53,360 --> 01:05:56,840
Speaker 1: range of motion and to adapt prosthetics with more ease,

1058
01:05:57,280 --> 01:06:00,480
Speaker 1: being able to operate a below the knee process thesis

1059
01:06:00,560 --> 01:06:03,680
Speaker 1: more easily. It may look a bit strange, but it's

1060
01:06:03,760 --> 01:06:06,920
Speaker 1: an innovative procedure that can give people a better quality

1061
01:06:06,920 --> 01:06:09,720
Speaker 1: of light. It just goes to show you so called

1062
01:06:09,800 --> 01:06:13,640
Speaker 1: weird anatomy can be incredibly useful. When we get back,

1063
01:06:13,640 --> 01:06:16,320
Speaker 1: we'll look at some of the more intimidating examples of

1064
01:06:16,400 --> 01:06:33,920
Speaker 1: animal anatomy. Dinosaurs. They're big, leathery, with bony claws and

1065
01:06:34,000 --> 01:06:37,760
Speaker 1: pointy heads. Our conception of what dinosaurs look like maybe

1066
01:06:37,760 --> 01:06:41,960
Speaker 1: a misconception due to what's called shrink rapping. Shrink Rapping

1067
01:06:42,040 --> 01:06:45,240
Speaker 1: is when paleo artists artists who try to reconstruct what

1068
01:06:45,320 --> 01:06:48,280
Speaker 1: an animal looks like based on its fossil record, don't

1069
01:06:48,280 --> 01:06:50,920
Speaker 1: include as much muscle, tissue and fat as an animal

1070
01:06:51,000 --> 01:06:54,120
Speaker 1: may have in reality had, which makes them look bony

1071
01:06:54,160 --> 01:06:58,160
Speaker 1: and skeletal, sunken, sort of like the dinosaurs in Jurassic Park.

1072
01:06:58,800 --> 01:07:02,880
Speaker 1: In the book Yesterday's Unique and Speculative Views of Dinosaurs

1073
01:07:02,880 --> 01:07:06,440
Speaker 1: and other Prehistoric Animals, artists made a series of pictures

1074
01:07:06,480 --> 01:07:08,240
Speaker 1: of what did it look like if you did the

1075
01:07:08,280 --> 01:07:12,280
Speaker 1: classic shrink rapping artistic rendering of living species based on

1076
01:07:12,320 --> 01:07:16,480
Speaker 1: their skeletons. Suddenly, swans are horrible monsters with needle like

1077
01:07:16,680 --> 01:07:21,800
Speaker 1: pointy arms. Baboons and squirrels look like grotesque demons. In fact,

1078
01:07:21,800 --> 01:07:24,320
Speaker 1: as we now know, dinosaurs may have been feathery and

1079
01:07:24,400 --> 01:07:28,040
Speaker 1: brightly colored, maybe even a little chubby. Sometimes a t

1080
01:07:28,240 --> 01:07:30,640
Speaker 1: rex may have looked more like a giant threatening chicken.

1081
01:07:31,320 --> 01:07:34,280
Speaker 1: As we'll find out, our concept of what animals can

1082
01:07:34,400 --> 01:07:37,000
Speaker 1: look like may need to be expanded, and we'll start

1083
01:07:37,000 --> 01:07:40,520
Speaker 1: out with a very large, extinct monster who flew the skies.

1084
01:07:42,160 --> 01:07:52,600
Speaker 1: Sorry you guys fans of the Jurassic Park thing franchise. Yeah,

1085
01:07:52,760 --> 01:07:54,640
Speaker 1: one of the first one was really good, and then

1086
01:07:54,960 --> 01:07:57,240
Speaker 1: the most recent one was pretty okay, But the ones

1087
01:07:57,280 --> 01:07:59,040
Speaker 1: in between, I wasn't a huge fan. Maybe you just

1088
01:07:59,160 --> 01:08:02,400
Speaker 1: maybe you just got older and lost the magic of

1089
01:08:02,640 --> 01:08:06,360
Speaker 1: the Jurassic magic. Jurassic Park one totally holds up on

1090
01:08:06,440 --> 01:08:09,440
Speaker 1: repeat viewings, Like even though like it was like the

1091
01:08:09,440 --> 01:08:12,960
Speaker 1: effects looked really great. I can actually I can verify

1092
01:08:13,080 --> 01:08:14,640
Speaker 1: that because when I was a kid, I was too

1093
01:08:14,640 --> 01:08:18,200
Speaker 1: scared to watch Jurassic Park. Um, and then I watched

1094
01:08:18,240 --> 01:08:21,000
Speaker 1: it as an adult, and it really does hold up.

1095
01:08:21,080 --> 01:08:26,200
Speaker 1: It's really good. Uh, it's got quotables. Even even just

1096
01:08:26,720 --> 01:08:30,520
Speaker 1: the way the story is structured, you'd still very watchable.

1097
01:08:30,560 --> 01:08:33,439
Speaker 1: Despite the fact that, as as you pointed out, Katie,

1098
01:08:34,560 --> 01:08:38,360
Speaker 1: science is showing us that dinosaurs, what we call dinosaurs

1099
01:08:38,479 --> 01:08:41,120
Speaker 1: may have had a ton of feathers, right, instead of

1100
01:08:41,160 --> 01:08:43,800
Speaker 1: just scaly skin. Yeah, they may have been a little

1101
01:08:43,880 --> 01:08:49,160
Speaker 1: fluffy chicken like creatures. Um, like imagine a t rex,

1102
01:08:49,200 --> 01:08:52,200
Speaker 1: but just like a big old chicken with big old

1103
01:08:52,240 --> 01:08:55,240
Speaker 1: fluffy feathers. They could have been colorful. They could have

1104
01:08:55,320 --> 01:09:00,280
Speaker 1: had like, um, like gol or pouches and head bonds

1105
01:09:00,320 --> 01:09:05,000
Speaker 1: and stuff. Yeah, exactly. I think artists are now reimagining

1106
01:09:05,000 --> 01:09:07,479
Speaker 1: dinosaurs more to be more fancy and I love that.

1107
01:09:08,200 --> 01:09:11,840
Speaker 1: And one group of dinosaurs that I think we have

1108
01:09:11,880 --> 01:09:15,680
Speaker 1: a certain conception about them but it is a misconception

1109
01:09:15,840 --> 01:09:21,120
Speaker 1: is the pterosaurs. So parosaurs are think like the pterodactyl,

1110
01:09:21,360 --> 01:09:27,480
Speaker 1: that's one species of pterosaur, and they're not actually dinosaurs.

1111
01:09:27,479 --> 01:09:31,400
Speaker 1: They're winged reptiles that are extinct that are of the

1112
01:09:31,439 --> 01:09:36,479
Speaker 1: Mesozoic era. So they are just defined as this group

1113
01:09:36,640 --> 01:09:40,280
Speaker 1: of extinct reptile that would have these you know, they

1114
01:09:40,320 --> 01:09:43,360
Speaker 1: have those leathery wings that they can use to fly

1115
01:09:43,479 --> 01:09:46,960
Speaker 1: like a pterodactyl. But I want to talk about one

1116
01:09:47,000 --> 01:09:51,960
Speaker 1: of the most incredible species of pterosaurs, which is the

1117
01:09:52,040 --> 01:09:57,080
Speaker 1: cats acts north Ropy. Does that sound right? Yeah? Is

1118
01:09:57,240 --> 01:10:03,320
Speaker 1: um it's a reference to Maya culture. Yes, that feathery serpent.

1119
01:10:03,439 --> 01:10:08,479
Speaker 1: God right, the plume serpent and this this thing is

1120
01:10:09,280 --> 01:10:12,400
Speaker 1: I have to ask just looking at maybe a recreation

1121
01:10:13,080 --> 01:10:16,360
Speaker 1: or a model of this. Uh, my first question is

1122
01:10:16,400 --> 01:10:20,800
Speaker 1: could it actually fly? Because that head is ginormous. Yes,

1123
01:10:21,160 --> 01:10:25,640
Speaker 1: I mean I think it could have flown. The scientists

1124
01:10:25,680 --> 01:10:29,080
Speaker 1: actually there were like physicists trying to figure out whether

1125
01:10:29,120 --> 01:10:31,600
Speaker 1: this thing could fly. And it's a little bit of

1126
01:10:31,600 --> 01:10:35,960
Speaker 1: a controversial debate, but most researchers, I think agree that

1127
01:10:36,040 --> 01:10:41,960
Speaker 1: it could indeed fly. Um, which is insane looking at

1128
01:10:41,960 --> 01:10:46,000
Speaker 1: it because so far our listeners it was it looks

1129
01:10:46,160 --> 01:10:48,800
Speaker 1: sort of pterodactyl like, but it was as tall as

1130
01:10:48,800 --> 01:10:52,759
Speaker 1: a giraffe with a thirty five ft wingspan. It's about

1131
01:10:52,840 --> 01:10:57,280
Speaker 1: the size of a S S No. One two airplane. Um.

1132
01:10:57,320 --> 01:11:01,040
Speaker 1: It has a long, sharp pointed beak and a really muscular,

1133
01:11:01,160 --> 01:11:06,320
Speaker 1: stiff neck. Uh. And so when they're on the ground, uh,

1134
01:11:06,439 --> 01:11:08,960
Speaker 1: they can fold their wings kind of like I mean

1135
01:11:09,000 --> 01:11:12,639
Speaker 1: like when you see in uh fantasy movies how dragons

1136
01:11:12,680 --> 01:11:15,160
Speaker 1: walk on the ground, where when they don't have fore legs,

1137
01:11:15,200 --> 01:11:17,840
Speaker 1: like uh in Game of Thrones, how the dragons would

1138
01:11:17,880 --> 01:11:21,280
Speaker 1: walk on they're folded up wings. That's exactly how these

1139
01:11:21,280 --> 01:11:25,960
Speaker 1: guys would walk on the ground. Paleontologists think, Uh, so

1140
01:11:27,080 --> 01:11:32,120
Speaker 1: they actually have a um sort of physical structure similar

1141
01:11:32,160 --> 01:11:35,400
Speaker 1: to large ungulates like giraffes, So they may have been

1142
01:11:35,439 --> 01:11:41,000
Speaker 1: able to walk UM with a similar ease as a giraffe. UM.

1143
01:11:41,040 --> 01:11:43,599
Speaker 1: Probably not quite as good because of those big old

1144
01:11:43,680 --> 01:11:48,720
Speaker 1: flappity wings UM and uh. Some researchers actually think that

1145
01:11:48,760 --> 01:11:52,559
Speaker 1: they could have made transcontinental flights because they're just so

1146
01:11:52,640 --> 01:11:55,519
Speaker 1: dang big, and they may be caught the right thermal

1147
01:11:55,640 --> 01:12:00,760
Speaker 1: or something in for a while. So looking at this thing, though,

1148
01:12:00,800 --> 01:12:03,600
Speaker 1: like I mean, I leave flying out of it. I

1149
01:12:03,640 --> 01:12:05,160
Speaker 1: don't feel like they'd be able to stand up right.

1150
01:12:05,240 --> 01:12:06,639
Speaker 1: The head is so huge. I feel like they would

1151
01:12:06,640 --> 01:12:09,040
Speaker 1: just like topple over. But I guess the only the

1152
01:12:09,040 --> 01:12:11,679
Speaker 1: only explanation there is was the beak like really light

1153
01:12:11,880 --> 01:12:14,120
Speaker 1: or something like does it just looks so top heavy

1154
01:12:14,120 --> 01:12:17,320
Speaker 1: and unwieldy. I mean, I think it's just their their vertebrae.

1155
01:12:17,360 --> 01:12:22,000
Speaker 1: If you look at um a skeletal uh, the fossil

1156
01:12:22,120 --> 01:12:25,639
Speaker 1: and the skeleton of it, their vertebrae were huge, just

1157
01:12:25,680 --> 01:12:30,640
Speaker 1: these really thick, thick structures UM. And then couple that

1158
01:12:30,800 --> 01:12:34,360
Speaker 1: with some really swollen neck muscles, and then I think

1159
01:12:34,439 --> 01:12:36,160
Speaker 1: a beak, which is you know, a lot of their

1160
01:12:36,200 --> 01:12:38,920
Speaker 1: head is, you know, the the beak structure, even though

1161
01:12:38,920 --> 01:12:41,400
Speaker 1: that's quite large, it is hollow for the most part.

1162
01:12:41,960 --> 01:12:44,719
Speaker 1: And then you know, the head is obviously pretty heavy,

1163
01:12:44,720 --> 01:12:47,320
Speaker 1: but then that the little bump on top of the

1164
01:12:47,360 --> 01:12:50,000
Speaker 1: fleshy bump on top of their beak is probably pretty

1165
01:12:50,080 --> 01:12:52,960
Speaker 1: light too, So I can see how they do it

1166
01:12:53,000 --> 01:12:58,960
Speaker 1: because like if their neck vertebrae are just real chunky, yeah,

1167
01:12:59,120 --> 01:13:02,639
Speaker 1: they definitely have feathers. They may have had feathers, so

1168
01:13:02,840 --> 01:13:07,440
Speaker 1: there's evidence other pterosaurs had primitive feathers to keep them warm.

1169
01:13:07,479 --> 01:13:11,160
Speaker 1: So there's a real good chance that they were just big, feathery,

1170
01:13:11,479 --> 01:13:19,120
Speaker 1: huge monsters, which is pretty incredible. So in DARPA, you know,

1171
01:13:19,200 --> 01:13:23,839
Speaker 1: the defense contracting company that they like to do robots

1172
01:13:23,880 --> 01:13:29,759
Speaker 1: and weird technology stuff, they used one of these guys,

1173
01:13:29,840 --> 01:13:35,200
Speaker 1: the cats akodalists north Ropy as a model for an

1174
01:13:35,280 --> 01:13:39,280
Speaker 1: unmanned ornithopter uh so that's a flying vehicle that uses

1175
01:13:39,280 --> 01:13:45,080
Speaker 1: flapping wing motions. And it was this unmanned flying uh

1176
01:13:45,160 --> 01:13:49,799
Speaker 1: like tarosaur. Vehicle was eighteen feet and had a weight

1177
01:13:49,920 --> 01:13:55,559
Speaker 1: of forty pounds. And I can't find out what Like,

1178
01:13:55,640 --> 01:13:57,679
Speaker 1: I think they just have it in a museum because

1179
01:13:57,680 --> 01:14:01,480
Speaker 1: I it doesn't sound like it worked too good. No,

1180
01:14:01,880 --> 01:14:04,360
Speaker 1: but that would be funny because like now we have drones,

1181
01:14:04,400 --> 01:14:08,080
Speaker 1: which are less funny, but the like if drones just

1182
01:14:08,120 --> 01:14:10,759
Speaker 1: like we're big things that were like flapping their wings

1183
01:14:10,800 --> 01:14:15,120
Speaker 1: trying to go unnoticed, like don't mind me, normal giant

1184
01:14:15,840 --> 01:14:22,439
Speaker 1: pterodactyl sore. Yeah, that's you know, there's a reason that

1185
01:14:22,520 --> 01:14:26,439
Speaker 1: we don't catch a lot of ornithopters at the airport

1186
01:14:26,520 --> 01:14:30,320
Speaker 1: now it right, Yeah, it's not when you can have

1187
01:14:30,360 --> 01:14:33,640
Speaker 1: a plane like structure where you the energy is not

1188
01:14:33,760 --> 01:14:37,559
Speaker 1: in the flapping motion but rather uh fuel situation, that

1189
01:14:37,720 --> 01:14:40,679
Speaker 1: is a lot better. But they didn't learn their lesson

1190
01:14:40,720 --> 01:14:43,520
Speaker 1: because in two thousand and nine they created a hummingbird

1191
01:14:43,560 --> 01:14:48,400
Speaker 1: sized ornithopter um, which it actually worked a lot better.

1192
01:14:48,439 --> 01:14:51,360
Speaker 1: It looks like and it's really creepy, and I guess

1193
01:14:51,360 --> 01:14:52,920
Speaker 1: now we kind of have to worry that maybe a

1194
01:14:53,000 --> 01:14:57,360
Speaker 1: hummingbird is a government robot. Have you guys heard of that? Like,

1195
01:14:57,520 --> 01:15:02,120
Speaker 1: birds aren't real campaign I support that entirely. I'm just

1196
01:15:02,120 --> 01:15:06,160
Speaker 1: putting that out there. Um. I hate to say this,

1197
01:15:06,320 --> 01:15:09,400
Speaker 1: but this is another feather in their cap. So to speak,

1198
01:15:09,439 --> 01:15:14,960
Speaker 1: because they did create robot hummingbirds. Um. I'm always getting

1199
01:15:15,000 --> 01:15:17,679
Speaker 1: harassed about that because I owned the pro bird rights

1200
01:15:17,920 --> 01:15:21,880
Speaker 1: Twitter account. Um, so people are always like saying, well,

1201
01:15:21,920 --> 01:15:25,960
Speaker 1: did you know birds aren't real? Um, which is offensive

1202
01:15:26,040 --> 01:15:29,519
Speaker 1: to me and my people. Actually, yeah, we get a

1203
01:15:29,560 --> 01:15:31,040
Speaker 1: lot of that on our other show stuff. They don't

1204
01:15:31,080 --> 01:15:33,280
Speaker 1: want you to know, but it's mainly from flat earthers,

1205
01:15:33,360 --> 01:15:36,719
Speaker 1: So we feel your pain on that. Yes, yeah, really

1206
01:15:36,760 --> 01:15:39,920
Speaker 1: like just people writing in and saying like that the

1207
01:15:39,960 --> 01:15:44,200
Speaker 1: Earth is flat and yeah, basically you guys are that.

1208
01:15:44,200 --> 01:15:46,439
Speaker 1: You guys are idiots, and uh, you know, get off

1209
01:15:46,479 --> 01:15:49,960
Speaker 1: your high horse. I'll send you I'll send you some

1210
01:15:49,960 --> 01:15:54,320
Speaker 1: some choice words. Typically, I've been a victim of some

1211
01:15:54,400 --> 01:15:58,559
Speaker 1: rebuttal videos to regarding the flat Earth, and I found

1212
01:15:58,600 --> 01:16:02,080
Speaker 1: them massively in youring. So you know, if you're fighting

1213
01:16:02,080 --> 01:16:05,360
Speaker 1: a good fight, whether bird rights or the shape of

1214
01:16:05,360 --> 01:16:09,960
Speaker 1: the planet, you just gotta you gotta take the long game. Look,

1215
01:16:10,080 --> 01:16:15,720
Speaker 1: I'm actually a kangaroo vagina earther. I think that's the shape,

1216
01:16:16,439 --> 01:16:21,120
Speaker 1: you know. I have been reading the blog of your organization,

1217
01:16:21,240 --> 01:16:26,920
Speaker 1: the Kangaroo Vagina Earthers uh dot blog spot dot yeah, yeah, yeah,

1218
01:16:26,960 --> 01:16:30,799
Speaker 1: and I gotta say I. I, uh, I don't entirely agree,

1219
01:16:30,840 --> 01:16:33,799
Speaker 1: but I think you raised some valid and fascinating points.

1220
01:16:33,800 --> 01:16:37,920
Speaker 1: Would you agree nor? Oh? Absolutely? I just want to

1221
01:16:37,960 --> 01:16:42,120
Speaker 1: I just want to start a conversation. I'm just looking

1222
01:16:42,160 --> 01:16:44,800
Speaker 1: for a new movement to get behind, you know, and this,

1223
01:16:44,800 --> 01:16:47,160
Speaker 1: this seems like the one for me. Well, you, guys,

1224
01:16:47,360 --> 01:16:50,479
Speaker 1: I want to take you back to imagination station. M

1225
01:16:50,960 --> 01:16:55,000
Speaker 1: imagineer trapesing through the zag Gross mountains of western Iran

1226
01:16:55,920 --> 01:16:59,360
Speaker 1: and suddenly you see a spider crawling on a rock.

1227
01:17:00,000 --> 01:17:03,479
Speaker 1: Oh no, it's a spider. But maybe you listen to

1228
01:17:03,520 --> 01:17:07,920
Speaker 1: this podcast, so you know that most spiders are friends. Uh,

1229
01:17:07,960 --> 01:17:10,360
Speaker 1: And you reached down to pet the spider, which I'm

1230
01:17:10,360 --> 01:17:13,680
Speaker 1: not actually recommending that you do that. Don't pet spiders,

1231
01:17:13,920 --> 01:17:16,040
Speaker 1: you know some of them are venomous, but also just

1232
01:17:16,080 --> 01:17:18,040
Speaker 1: like they don't want to be pet by you. But

1233
01:17:18,160 --> 01:17:21,439
Speaker 1: you do it for some reason, and suddenly the rock

1234
01:17:21,520 --> 01:17:27,719
Speaker 1: transforms into a viper and eats your face. So yeah,

1235
01:17:28,160 --> 01:17:32,719
Speaker 1: that's brutal. Twist. I want to talk about something called

1236
01:17:32,720 --> 01:17:39,839
Speaker 1: the spider tailed horned viper, which is how it sounds like. Um,

1237
01:17:39,840 --> 01:17:44,160
Speaker 1: it is found in Iran. Uh, in the in western Iran,

1238
01:17:44,400 --> 01:17:48,840
Speaker 1: like in the mountains. Uh. It has a unique adaptation

1239
01:17:49,000 --> 01:17:52,960
Speaker 1: to lure in birds to prey upon, So it has

1240
01:17:53,400 --> 01:17:57,479
Speaker 1: uh what's called a caudle lure, which is science words

1241
01:17:57,560 --> 01:18:01,960
Speaker 1: for a bamboozl tale. The tail ends in a bulb,

1242
01:18:02,560 --> 01:18:06,200
Speaker 1: and along the tail are these elongated spindle e scales

1243
01:18:07,200 --> 01:18:10,040
Speaker 1: that kind of look like insect legs. So the total

1244
01:18:10,080 --> 01:18:13,640
Speaker 1: effect is that it looks like this weird spider. And

1245
01:18:13,680 --> 01:18:16,800
Speaker 1: then what the snake does is it kind of twirls

1246
01:18:16,920 --> 01:18:20,519
Speaker 1: and slowly moves its tail around, and the effect looks

1247
01:18:20,640 --> 01:18:24,800
Speaker 1: extremely convincingly like a crawling spider. When I first saw this,

1248
01:18:24,920 --> 01:18:26,920
Speaker 1: I didn't know what I was looking at, so I

1249
01:18:27,000 --> 01:18:29,479
Speaker 1: just thought it was like a spider crawling around. And

1250
01:18:29,520 --> 01:18:35,599
Speaker 1: then suddenly this viper appears out of nowhere, because yeah,

1251
01:18:35,800 --> 01:18:39,920
Speaker 1: the the viper itself has camouflage, so it blends right

1252
01:18:39,960 --> 01:18:43,000
Speaker 1: in with the rocks, except that its tail, which sticks

1253
01:18:43,000 --> 01:18:45,720
Speaker 1: out and looks like a spider. So the birds all

1254
01:18:45,760 --> 01:18:49,479
Speaker 1: they see is this juicy looking spider moving around, and

1255
01:18:49,520 --> 01:18:52,360
Speaker 1: then they go and attack the tail. And there was

1256
01:18:52,439 --> 01:18:56,320
Speaker 1: one video I particularly liked because uh it showed a

1257
01:18:56,360 --> 01:19:00,639
Speaker 1: bird attack the tail that it thought was the spider,

1258
01:19:00,760 --> 01:19:03,600
Speaker 1: and then the viper kind of like um lunges at it,

1259
01:19:03,600 --> 01:19:06,040
Speaker 1: and the bird flies away temporarily, and then it comes

1260
01:19:06,120 --> 01:19:10,240
Speaker 1: back and attacks the spider or the fake spider tail again,

1261
01:19:10,680 --> 01:19:12,960
Speaker 1: and then the snake like eats. It's just does not

1262
01:19:13,200 --> 01:19:15,599
Speaker 1: learn its lesson. Oh man, But I want to say,

1263
01:19:15,600 --> 01:19:17,400
Speaker 1: like this, this viper needs to get a job with

1264
01:19:17,439 --> 01:19:20,439
Speaker 1: like the Jim Henson Company, because there's some serious finesse

1265
01:19:20,760 --> 01:19:24,320
Speaker 1: to this, like puppeteering with this fake spider. I mean

1266
01:19:24,360 --> 01:19:28,240
Speaker 1: it's not just I mean it's there's some real subtlety

1267
01:19:28,320 --> 01:19:30,080
Speaker 1: to the way the thing moves to make it look

1268
01:19:30,160 --> 01:19:32,479
Speaker 1: like a crawling creature. And you're right, like, I was

1269
01:19:32,520 --> 01:19:34,439
Speaker 1: totally taken vipers. I'm like, what am I looking at?

1270
01:19:34,600 --> 01:19:36,639
Speaker 1: I thought it was a rock with a spider crawling

1271
01:19:36,640 --> 01:19:39,640
Speaker 1: on And then yeah, the plot twist is when you

1272
01:19:39,680 --> 01:19:42,839
Speaker 1: realize the viper's there the whole time, right right exactly.

1273
01:19:42,880 --> 01:19:45,840
Speaker 1: The Viper's just like eat is me? I am? I

1274
01:19:45,920 --> 01:19:51,160
Speaker 1: am kermit? The spider do not worry. So it's it's

1275
01:19:51,200 --> 01:19:56,120
Speaker 1: interesting because this looks like, uh, this is an amazing adaptation.

1276
01:19:56,400 --> 01:20:00,880
Speaker 1: It reminds me very much of the adaptation that rattlesnakes have.

1277
01:20:02,040 --> 01:20:06,479
Speaker 1: It's like the same. What did you call the caudal area, yeah,

1278
01:20:07,120 --> 01:20:10,240
Speaker 1: which just means tail area. Yeah. Okay, so they went

1279
01:20:10,320 --> 01:20:12,680
Speaker 1: into a different direction, and I gotta say, these are

1280
01:20:14,360 --> 01:20:17,400
Speaker 1: I don't know. I've always loved the rattlesnake adaptation because

1281
01:20:17,400 --> 01:20:20,240
Speaker 1: it's like they have their own Morocca, you know. But

1282
01:20:20,320 --> 01:20:23,400
Speaker 1: this is like a leveled up version though, right, it's crazy. Yeah,

1283
01:20:23,439 --> 01:20:28,640
Speaker 1: they sacrifice puppeteer. They've sacrificed percussion for puppeteering, you know

1284
01:20:28,680 --> 01:20:30,840
Speaker 1: what I mean. If you could get like a rattlesnake

1285
01:20:30,880 --> 01:20:34,400
Speaker 1: and one of these vipers together, you got a show. Yeah, right,

1286
01:20:34,479 --> 01:20:37,840
Speaker 1: You've got a whole presentation. You might get bit at

1287
01:20:37,840 --> 01:20:44,080
Speaker 1: the end. Yes. So, speaking of reptiles, I want to

1288
01:20:44,120 --> 01:20:47,920
Speaker 1: talk about the Mexican mole lizard. It's a worm, it's

1289
01:20:47,920 --> 01:20:52,320
Speaker 1: a snake. Nope, it's some old lizard. It's found in

1290
01:20:52,520 --> 01:20:56,759
Speaker 1: Baja California, and it looks like a pink, squiggly little

1291
01:20:56,800 --> 01:21:00,360
Speaker 1: spaghetti guy. It really does look like a warm ut

1292
01:21:01,040 --> 01:21:03,640
Speaker 1: on first sight. But it is actually a type of

1293
01:21:03,640 --> 01:21:09,800
Speaker 1: reptile in the Amphysbania group, which is warm lizards. So

1294
01:21:09,880 --> 01:21:13,040
Speaker 1: a lot of worm lizards just don't have legs at all.

1295
01:21:13,479 --> 01:21:18,480
Speaker 1: They're legless lizards. They're not snakes actually are distinct species

1296
01:21:18,640 --> 01:21:23,240
Speaker 1: of lizards. But this one, the Mexican mole lizard, does

1297
01:21:23,439 --> 01:21:27,479
Speaker 1: have legs, but they're really tiny and stubby and they

1298
01:21:27,520 --> 01:21:33,080
Speaker 1: only have four legs um, which is really it's very funny.

1299
01:21:34,000 --> 01:21:36,360
Speaker 1: So if you guys look at that little picture of it,

1300
01:21:36,439 --> 01:21:40,759
Speaker 1: you see it looks and they're so brightly colored pink.

1301
01:21:40,840 --> 01:21:43,040
Speaker 1: They look like, you know, they don't even look like

1302
01:21:43,160 --> 01:21:49,160
Speaker 1: real worms. They look like those gummy worms just and

1303
01:21:49,200 --> 01:21:52,800
Speaker 1: then but they have those little two little legs out

1304
01:21:52,800 --> 01:21:55,080
Speaker 1: in front that they can use to kind of burrow

1305
01:21:55,120 --> 01:21:59,760
Speaker 1: into soft sand. Are they dragging themselves completely with those

1306
01:22:00,600 --> 01:22:05,800
Speaker 1: their muscles constrict and relax like a snake's for movement. No, yeah,

1307
01:22:05,840 --> 01:22:09,799
Speaker 1: so it's it's partially the muscles, uh, moving them along

1308
01:22:09,920 --> 01:22:13,880
Speaker 1: along the abdomen um and the little legs may help

1309
01:22:13,920 --> 01:22:16,880
Speaker 1: a little bit with movement, but it's also helping them

1310
01:22:16,880 --> 01:22:21,040
Speaker 1: with burrowing and crawling down holes. But yeah, it's not

1311
01:22:21,120 --> 01:22:23,839
Speaker 1: just like them like putting one leg out like drag

1312
01:22:24,120 --> 01:22:28,479
Speaker 1: and the other one is drags. So they're about eight

1313
01:22:28,479 --> 01:22:33,080
Speaker 1: inches long and it actually has an autonomous tail, which

1314
01:22:33,400 --> 01:22:36,760
Speaker 1: is think about like lizards and how you can yank

1315
01:22:36,800 --> 01:22:39,839
Speaker 1: their tail off. Don't do that actually be nice the lizards,

1316
01:22:39,880 --> 01:22:42,760
Speaker 1: but if they are caught by a predator, they can

1317
01:22:42,800 --> 01:22:46,240
Speaker 1: remove their tail. Uh, and the tail kind of wiggles around.

1318
01:22:46,760 --> 01:22:50,639
Speaker 1: So these guys have that, except unlike lizards, their tails

1319
01:22:50,680 --> 01:22:54,480
Speaker 1: don't regenerate, so they got like one or two shots,

1320
01:22:54,840 --> 01:22:59,479
Speaker 1: I guess. And uh. In fact, it's quite useful when

1321
01:22:59,479 --> 01:23:02,360
Speaker 1: they're bur going down and like their tail detaches because

1322
01:23:02,360 --> 01:23:05,760
Speaker 1: then it also plugs up the burrow and keeps the

1323
01:23:05,800 --> 01:23:10,200
Speaker 1: predator from getting to them. But like I said, they

1324
01:23:10,240 --> 01:23:12,760
Speaker 1: they can't blow their load too soon or else they're

1325
01:23:12,760 --> 01:23:20,120
Speaker 1: out of a tail. Yeah, geez, I've got to say. Also,

1326
01:23:20,280 --> 01:23:23,240
Speaker 1: these things look kind of like a slinky that someone

1327
01:23:23,400 --> 01:23:28,720
Speaker 1: had coated with a pink I don't know, like a

1328
01:23:28,840 --> 01:23:32,080
Speaker 1: pink curtain wrapping around them and then kind of just

1329
01:23:32,200 --> 01:23:34,880
Speaker 1: messed it up. Get it slammy. The little close up

1330
01:23:34,960 --> 01:23:36,639
Speaker 1: is really strange. Like on the first slide, you guy

1331
01:23:36,640 --> 01:23:38,479
Speaker 1: here where you've got like a long shot where it

1332
01:23:38,520 --> 01:23:41,200
Speaker 1: really does look like a worm minus the tiny, tiny

1333
01:23:41,240 --> 01:23:43,720
Speaker 1: little arms, and then it almost like made me laugh

1334
01:23:43,760 --> 01:23:45,960
Speaker 1: out loud when you zoom in and you see it's

1335
01:23:46,000 --> 01:23:50,280
Speaker 1: tiny little lizard face and these bizarre little turtle hands. Yeah,

1336
01:23:50,400 --> 01:23:51,759
Speaker 1: that's kind of what they look like, is a little

1337
01:23:51,880 --> 01:23:55,400
Speaker 1: miniature turtle hands. Yeah. What how does this thing live?

1338
01:23:55,439 --> 01:23:57,639
Speaker 1: How does this thing survive? Why does this thing exist?

1339
01:23:58,960 --> 01:24:01,360
Speaker 1: I mean exist to atually? I can't really answer that

1340
01:24:01,439 --> 01:24:03,960
Speaker 1: for you. But actually, if you like, go down, there's

1341
01:24:03,960 --> 01:24:07,240
Speaker 1: a little video of it moving around, uh, and it's

1342
01:24:07,720 --> 01:24:10,639
Speaker 1: you can see that the little legs does help it

1343
01:24:11,120 --> 01:24:14,240
Speaker 1: as it's burrowing down into the sand, and you can

1344
01:24:14,280 --> 01:24:18,160
Speaker 1: actually see its body undulating to that the that abdominal

1345
01:24:18,280 --> 01:24:21,679
Speaker 1: movement of the muscles helping propel it forward. But it's

1346
01:24:21,760 --> 01:24:24,240
Speaker 1: kind of funny because it is just walking along with

1347
01:24:24,320 --> 01:24:28,280
Speaker 1: the legs to uh. So it uses the legs to

1348
01:24:28,400 --> 01:24:34,519
Speaker 1: dig and burrow, um, and then uh the uh. It's

1349
01:24:34,680 --> 01:24:38,280
Speaker 1: it's sort of a similar to how you know one

1350
01:24:38,400 --> 01:24:41,200
Speaker 1: imagined snake evolved where it's like, well I don't really

1351
01:24:41,240 --> 01:24:44,400
Speaker 1: need the back legs, but in this case, the front

1352
01:24:44,439 --> 01:24:50,200
Speaker 1: legs are pretty still pretty useful and cute. It is cute.

1353
01:24:50,680 --> 01:24:53,000
Speaker 1: It kind of looks like a little baby do you

1354
01:24:53,040 --> 01:24:57,320
Speaker 1: remember Dune or like tremmors, like a little baby sand

1355
01:24:57,360 --> 01:25:03,439
Speaker 1: worm but a door in beetlejuice. Yeah, um, but pink

1356
01:25:04,120 --> 01:25:08,680
Speaker 1: uh it is actually like the dune sandworms or or tremors,

1357
01:25:08,720 --> 01:25:12,680
Speaker 1: because it pulls its prey underground to eat them. So,

1358
01:25:12,800 --> 01:25:15,479
Speaker 1: like if you were a little insect size, these would

1359
01:25:15,680 --> 01:25:20,160
Speaker 1: be pretty horrifying. Oh yeah, yeah, I can imagine so,

1360
01:25:21,320 --> 01:25:24,960
Speaker 1: but now what you said. They're eight nine inches long, right,

1361
01:25:25,080 --> 01:25:28,840
Speaker 1: there's primarily primarily underground, so I don't have to worry

1362
01:25:28,880 --> 01:25:32,479
Speaker 1: about accidentally running into one on the street unless you're

1363
01:25:33,439 --> 01:25:36,280
Speaker 1: unless you're like in Baja California and you're like rooting

1364
01:25:36,280 --> 01:25:40,120
Speaker 1: around in the sand. Are they venomous at all? And

1365
01:25:40,200 --> 01:25:41,640
Speaker 1: I'm sorry if I missed it, And if you said that,

1366
01:25:41,680 --> 01:25:43,519
Speaker 1: like would they would they give you a bite? Or

1367
01:25:43,720 --> 01:25:45,920
Speaker 1: they might, they might buy you, But I don't think

1368
01:25:45,960 --> 01:25:48,880
Speaker 1: they could hurt you, and I don't think they're venomous.

1369
01:25:49,560 --> 01:25:51,920
Speaker 1: Looking at their face, it looks like they could. If not,

1370
01:25:52,240 --> 01:25:53,559
Speaker 1: I don't know if it would be so much as

1371
01:25:53,840 --> 01:25:58,360
Speaker 1: of a bite as like a really aggressive gumming. Yeah, yeah,

1372
01:25:58,439 --> 01:26:01,559
Speaker 1: they would nom at you angrily, sort of like a

1373
01:26:01,840 --> 01:26:07,479
Speaker 1: like an unfriendly hickey. Yes, yes, it's a great bad name.

1374
01:26:07,520 --> 01:26:12,280
Speaker 1: I think the unfriendly Hickies and the purple nerd bullets

1375
01:26:15,520 --> 01:26:22,120
Speaker 1: um So, finally, our last animal, I wanna give the blobfish.

1376
01:26:22,320 --> 01:26:25,960
Speaker 1: Shine some light on this blobfish and kind of clear

1377
01:26:26,040 --> 01:26:27,720
Speaker 1: its name a little bit, because I think it's been

1378
01:26:27,760 --> 01:26:31,880
Speaker 1: slandered by the media for far too long. Um So,

1379
01:26:32,240 --> 01:26:35,040
Speaker 1: you guys might all be familiar with the blobfish, do

1380
01:26:35,080 --> 01:26:37,600
Speaker 1: you guys? Have you guys seen these picture of of

1381
01:26:37,640 --> 01:26:42,559
Speaker 1: the blobfish before? I've seen the first one definitely, because

1382
01:26:43,200 --> 01:26:45,680
Speaker 1: it comes up whenever you're searching a rabbit hole for

1383
01:26:45,880 --> 01:26:50,839
Speaker 1: like weird creatures of the abistle planes in the ocean.

1384
01:26:51,400 --> 01:26:53,720
Speaker 1: Uh and it looks like it looks like a guy

1385
01:26:53,720 --> 01:26:57,360
Speaker 1: who's having a bad day, right, It's that it's that

1386
01:26:57,520 --> 01:27:03,240
Speaker 1: viral picture of like this pink, big nose deflated blobs.

1387
01:27:03,600 --> 01:27:07,360
Speaker 1: It kind of looks like a ziggy cartoon head exactly.

1388
01:27:08,120 --> 01:27:12,000
Speaker 1: Um and uh so that you know, we're probably when

1389
01:27:12,040 --> 01:27:13,960
Speaker 1: you think about it, you think of this little blobfish

1390
01:27:14,160 --> 01:27:17,759
Speaker 1: like looking like that in the ocean, just swoorn around

1391
01:27:18,000 --> 01:27:21,800
Speaker 1: looking sad and blobby. But this this is medialized in

1392
01:27:21,880 --> 01:27:25,800
Speaker 1: slander and liberal and all those bad things. Um. So.

1393
01:27:26,000 --> 01:27:29,720
Speaker 1: Blobfish are deep water fish that live off of the

1394
01:27:29,800 --> 01:27:38,000
Speaker 1: coast of guess guess guess what coast? Uh, the a

1395
01:27:38,160 --> 01:27:43,679
Speaker 1: Pacific coast Nope, Australia. Oh, that makes so much more sense.

1396
01:27:44,240 --> 01:27:48,639
Speaker 1: So the pressure at four thousand feet underwater is over

1397
01:27:48,720 --> 01:27:52,680
Speaker 1: a hundred times that of the surface. So for animals

1398
01:27:52,720 --> 01:27:55,640
Speaker 1: living down there, they've been specialized such that they can

1399
01:27:55,680 --> 01:27:59,519
Speaker 1: survive in these crushing depths. But just as you'd be

1400
01:27:59,560 --> 01:28:03,719
Speaker 1: crushed diving that deep, blobfish and other fish, when brought

1401
01:28:03,800 --> 01:28:08,440
Speaker 1: up to the surface will kind of explode. So the blobfish,

1402
01:28:08,760 --> 01:28:11,960
Speaker 1: when alive in its natural habitat, looks kind of like

1403
01:28:12,000 --> 01:28:15,400
Speaker 1: an ugly but relatively normal fish. So I showed you

1404
01:28:15,439 --> 01:28:18,639
Speaker 1: guys the picture of the blob fish when he's alive

1405
01:28:18,640 --> 01:28:22,479
Speaker 1: and healthy. Uh, and you can see he's actually his

1406
01:28:22,560 --> 01:28:27,840
Speaker 1: skin has a different texture. He's not just uniformly pink

1407
01:28:27,880 --> 01:28:31,719
Speaker 1: and gooey. He's got some spines on his skin, he's

1408
01:28:32,040 --> 01:28:36,800
Speaker 1: got some color differentiation, and he's got ice sockets and

1409
01:28:36,840 --> 01:28:41,599
Speaker 1: a distinctive fins. And I mean the mouth is pretty

1410
01:28:41,600 --> 01:28:45,920
Speaker 1: still pretty moby, to be fair, Uh, but it does

1411
01:28:46,080 --> 01:28:49,280
Speaker 1: it looks recognizably like a fish, just a bit of

1412
01:28:49,320 --> 01:28:54,719
Speaker 1: an ugly fish, right yeah, with a big floppity mouth.

1413
01:28:55,280 --> 01:28:59,439
Speaker 1: But once it reaches the surface, uh, it kind of

1414
01:28:59,479 --> 01:29:02,760
Speaker 1: turns into that weird pudding and that's why it has

1415
01:29:02,840 --> 01:29:07,160
Speaker 1: that distinctive ziggy look. That's that's the desecrated corpse of

1416
01:29:07,200 --> 01:29:10,479
Speaker 1: a blobfish. And so I think it's one of those

1417
01:29:10,479 --> 01:29:15,920
Speaker 1: things where that kind of demonstrates how easily we can misunderstand, uh,

1418
01:29:16,040 --> 01:29:20,439
Speaker 1: natural discoveries. Um because while that's not a doctored image,

1419
01:29:20,479 --> 01:29:23,240
Speaker 1: the one of the blobfish, there's nothing fake about it.

1420
01:29:23,240 --> 01:29:25,559
Speaker 1: It's just that's not how they would look in their

1421
01:29:25,640 --> 01:29:30,160
Speaker 1: natural environment. Um. So our conception of these these ziggy

1422
01:29:30,280 --> 01:29:32,599
Speaker 1: heads just kind of floating on the ocean floor is

1423
01:29:32,640 --> 01:29:38,200
Speaker 1: not quite correct. You know what I think would be great, Katie,

1424
01:29:38,320 --> 01:29:41,920
Speaker 1: is to have a have these two pictures in a

1425
01:29:42,120 --> 01:29:45,240
Speaker 1: p s A. Because they're great before and after, you

1426
01:29:45,280 --> 01:29:48,720
Speaker 1: know what I mean, like meth not even once? Or

1427
01:29:49,160 --> 01:29:53,320
Speaker 1: what's what not even once? Yeah, I was gonna say,

1428
01:29:53,360 --> 01:29:58,720
Speaker 1: what's a hot button issue with the ocean? Plastic straws,

1429
01:29:58,800 --> 01:30:03,000
Speaker 1: not even plastic stra us, ocean acidification, Uh, you know,

1430
01:30:03,280 --> 01:30:07,200
Speaker 1: worms on hooks, not even once. Apparently tie pods are back, y'all.

1431
01:30:07,200 --> 01:30:09,080
Speaker 1: I've got a ten year old daughter and she informed

1432
01:30:09,080 --> 01:30:11,320
Speaker 1: me that tide pods are back because they now have

1433
01:30:11,360 --> 01:30:14,720
Speaker 1: non toxic tide pods, So the kids are really going

1434
01:30:14,760 --> 01:30:22,280
Speaker 1: to town like actually, ah children. Yeah, I know this.

1435
01:30:22,280 --> 01:30:25,120
Speaker 1: This has been a blast as always, Katie and and

1436
01:30:25,439 --> 01:30:29,880
Speaker 1: been looking back through our exploration today and wondering if

1437
01:30:29,920 --> 01:30:33,800
Speaker 1: I had to pick one adaptation for myself, what would

1438
01:30:33,800 --> 01:30:35,760
Speaker 1: I pick? And right now all I've got is that

1439
01:30:35,800 --> 01:30:38,479
Speaker 1: I feel very fortunate to be human. We're not perfect,

1440
01:30:38,560 --> 01:30:42,120
Speaker 1: but but there's a lot of there's a lot of

1441
01:30:42,160 --> 01:30:43,920
Speaker 1: weird stuff. We don't have to do this at least

1442
01:30:43,920 --> 01:30:46,120
Speaker 1: we don't have to pull a skin flap up over

1443
01:30:46,439 --> 01:30:49,439
Speaker 1: our bodies to be able to poop. That's what I'm

1444
01:30:49,439 --> 01:30:55,720
Speaker 1: thinking of. Yep. Well, thank you guys so much for

1445
01:30:55,880 --> 01:30:58,880
Speaker 1: joining me. Uh why don't you tell people where the

1446
01:30:58,920 --> 01:31:03,280
Speaker 1: heck they can find you? Yeah, we are Ridiculous History.

1447
01:31:03,320 --> 01:31:05,960
Speaker 1: We have new episodes coming out every Tuesday and Thursday.

1448
01:31:06,000 --> 01:31:09,160
Speaker 1: You can find us on our website Ridiculous History Show

1449
01:31:09,439 --> 01:31:11,120
Speaker 1: dot com. Yeah I think so. I don't really go

1450
01:31:11,160 --> 01:31:12,800
Speaker 1: to the website, but the best way to reach us

1451
01:31:12,800 --> 01:31:15,400
Speaker 1: as you can email us at Ridiculous at I heart

1452
01:31:15,479 --> 01:31:17,920
Speaker 1: radio dot com, or you can check me out on Instagram.

1453
01:31:17,960 --> 01:31:20,720
Speaker 1: I am at how now Noel Brown. You can find

1454
01:31:20,760 --> 01:31:23,360
Speaker 1: me getting kicked into and out of various countries and

1455
01:31:23,400 --> 01:31:27,320
Speaker 1: communities at at Ben Bolan on Instagram or at ben

1456
01:31:27,360 --> 01:31:30,880
Speaker 1: Bowland h s W on Twitter. And you can find

1457
01:31:30,920 --> 01:31:34,719
Speaker 1: our show Ridiculous History wherever you find your favorite podcast.

1458
01:31:34,800 --> 01:31:37,360
Speaker 1: It's True All of Its True. You can find us

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01:31:37,439 --> 01:31:42,360
Speaker 1: on the web at Creature feature pod dot com. You

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01:31:42,439 --> 01:31:46,240
Speaker 1: can find us on Instagram Creature feature Pod and on

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01:31:46,280 --> 01:31:49,840
Speaker 1: Twitter Creature feet Pod f e a T. Be sure

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01:31:49,880 --> 01:31:51,559
Speaker 1: to put that in or else you will get some

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01:31:51,640 --> 01:31:55,400
Speaker 1: weird images. I I've been Katie Golden. You can find

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01:31:55,400 --> 01:31:58,800
Speaker 1: me on Twitter at Katie Golden or also pro bird Rights,

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01:31:58,880 --> 01:32:01,960
Speaker 1: where I am really fighting against the media lies and

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01:32:02,000 --> 01:32:04,920
Speaker 1: slander about how birds aren't real. In fact they are

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01:32:05,040 --> 01:32:08,920
Speaker 1: and sometimes their tongues go inside. There's goals And thanks

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01:32:08,960 --> 01:32:12,360
Speaker 1: to the Space Classics for their awesome song Exo Lumina.

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Speaker 1: For more podcasts from My Heart Radio, visit the I

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01:32:17,640 --> 01:32:20,559
Speaker 1: Heart Radio app, Apple Podcast, or wherever you listen to

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01:32:20,600 --> 01:32:21,519
Speaker 1: your favorite shows.