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Speaker 1: Hey everyone, it's me Josh, and this week for s

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Speaker 1: Y s K Selects, I've picked why isn't the US

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Speaker 1: on the metric system? The big spoiler is this kind

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Speaker 1: of is, so check it out. Welcome to stuff you

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Speaker 1: should know room House Stuff Works dot Com. Hey, and

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Speaker 1: welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark and there's Charles W.

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Speaker 1: Chuck Bryant and since we're together and there's some microphones present,

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Speaker 1: and Jerry's in the other room, this is stuff that's right. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I learned musty, dusty little whole. I'm glad to be

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Speaker 1: back in this room. Actually me too, because we did

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Speaker 1: these in another room for a little while. Again just

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Speaker 1: moving us around. Yeah, like we're like, we don't have

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Speaker 1: a process or something. Yeah. They what they do is

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Speaker 1: they tie a yarn around one of the microphones and

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Speaker 1: they just sort of drag it through the building and

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Speaker 1: we just chase after it like a little dumb puppy. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: It works with dollar bills to dollar bills and microphones.

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Speaker 1: So you're doing okay, I am sleepy. Well that's good

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Speaker 1: because we'll see what happens when I might put you

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Speaker 1: all the way to sleep. I was up all night Um, yeah,

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Speaker 1: this is gonna be fun. Are you hallucinating at all?

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Speaker 1: I'm a little funky, So yeah, this should be good numbers.

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Speaker 1: This is history though, really, yes, it is more than history.

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Speaker 1: Culture anger. Yeah, Napoleon for god's sakes. Yeah, yeah, we're

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Speaker 1: talking about the metric system. Hey, hey, that makes sense

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Speaker 1: to say that. Um, you chuck. We've got like this

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Speaker 1: kind of meme that's run through our podcast where we

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Speaker 1: kind of make fun of the metric system, and but

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Speaker 1: we also go to the trouble of calling out the

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Speaker 1: metric equivalence of whatever we're talking about with feet. Usually

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Speaker 1: sometimes we're sort of it like, if we feel like

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Speaker 1: doing it, we'll do it. Yes, but we've done it

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Speaker 1: enough so it's become a thing. Yeah, right, the metric

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Speaker 1: system and US has become a thing. I thought it

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Speaker 1: was high time that we got to the bottom of

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Speaker 1: this whole big problem, which is the US is the

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Speaker 1: only industrialized nation that isn't on the metric system right

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Speaker 1: fully on the metric system as a nation. You did

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Speaker 1: a great job with that, man. That is absolutely true. Like,

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Speaker 1: we're the only industrialization that doesn't have compulsory metric system usage.

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Speaker 1: It's voluntary, but it's still pretty widespread. And if you

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Speaker 1: go back and look at our lawbooks, you know, the

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Speaker 1: law of the land, you will find that the metric

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Speaker 1: system is very much entrenched in the US. And so

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Speaker 1: all these people who say the US is on the

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Speaker 1: metric system, you're wrong largely. Yeah, look at your ruler

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Speaker 1: there in your little three ring binder probably says centimeters

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Speaker 1: and millimeters. That's metric. Uh right, But that's if you're

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Speaker 1: in the U s. If you're if you're elsewhere outside

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Speaker 1: the US, they just have centimeters and millimeters. They don't

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Speaker 1: throw the engine there. The inches so clean, that would

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Speaker 1: love the inch. It is clean and it is a

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Speaker 1: rep resents this legacy from so long ago when you know,

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Speaker 1: people used the width of a human man's thumb as

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Speaker 1: a measurement and that was an inch. And apparently there's

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Speaker 1: some languages out there where inch and thumb or the

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Speaker 1: same word, they're interchangeable. Yeah. I wondered about if you know,

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Speaker 1: obviously the article points out in the early days, like

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Speaker 1: you said, they would use body parts like you know,

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Speaker 1: what was the wouldn't like a formalm palma a foot

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Speaker 1: is what you think it is? Yeah, like people that

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Speaker 1: had smaller of these did they get ripped off in transactions? Slightly?

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Speaker 1: Like I had a small thumb, like what are we

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Speaker 1: gonna do? Right? Or do you bring along your buddy?

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Speaker 1: Do you hire the guy with the big thumbs be

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Speaker 1: like you're working for me? And transactions that's what they

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Speaker 1: call the master blaster technique. That's where the heavy hitter

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Speaker 1: came from. But yeah, so there's a certain kind of um,

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Speaker 1: earthy colloquialism to the to the the US customary system,

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Speaker 1: which is what we use the inch, the foot, an

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Speaker 1: acre and acre did you know is the average amount

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Speaker 1: of land that a human with the team of oxen

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Speaker 1: could plow in a day. That's where we got the

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Speaker 1: acre from. It's cool, it all makes sense that it's root.

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Speaker 1: The problem is it's extraordinarily unscientific. Um, yeah, true, which

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Speaker 1: is what the meter is. These the metric system is

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Speaker 1: extremely scientific, but it's got its roots, um, fairly far

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Speaker 1: back itself. It goes back to like sixteen seventy. Should

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Speaker 1: we get into this. Let's let's talk about this. That's

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Speaker 1: a great robust intro. You're feeling good? Yeah, okay, good? Thanks? Alright, So,

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Speaker 1: like we said for many many years, as man evolved

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Speaker 1: in two smaller societies and two bigger and bigger ones.

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Speaker 1: The thumb and the foot and the forearm and things

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Speaker 1: like that. Was like, it's getting a little a little

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Speaker 1: crazy to handle all this, right, especially if you're using

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Speaker 1: a forum over here, but this guy's using a neck

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Speaker 1: and you both have swords. So as we formed larger societies,

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Speaker 1: we thought, you know, is getting really confusing. We got

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Speaker 1: commerce going between various lands. We gotta like codify this,

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Speaker 1: right or do you say codify? I say codify? How

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Speaker 1: you do good? Um? Well we agree on pronunciations. So

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Speaker 1: in France things were just as confusing. And by the

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Speaker 1: time the French Revolution came around, they said, you know

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Speaker 1: what everything is all wha I could do. Charlemagne here

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Speaker 1: has had a pretty good system in effect for a while.

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Speaker 1: Let's just dive into this system that Paris uses. Well, yeah,

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Speaker 1: the problem is is um. Paris Is wasn't any more

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Speaker 1: um scientific than anybody else's. But it was Paris. It

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Speaker 1: was um and that was I think Louis the sixte

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Speaker 1: that ordered some people to start looking into how to

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Speaker 1: standardize measurements because France had it worse than anybody. Well, yeah,

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Speaker 1: because they they they thought it was a good idea,

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Speaker 1: but he got more pushedback than he thought from the

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Speaker 1: noble folk, and so so much so that they overthrew him. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and he said, well yeah, and he said, you know what,

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Speaker 1: let's convene here the Estates General, which was supposedly a

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Speaker 1: group of UH, an assembly of people from various classes

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Speaker 1: to be all represented, and let's figure this out once

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Speaker 1: and for all. UH. And again they overthrew the king.

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Speaker 1: But along the way they also adopted us a systematized

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Speaker 1: standard of measurements which is based on this um, this

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Speaker 1: stuff devised by a monk back in sixteen seventy Mouton. Well,

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Speaker 1: matrique was the system, right, but matrique um comes from

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Speaker 1: the Greek, which means um to measure right, that's right. Um.

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Speaker 1: So Muton came up with this idea that you should

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Speaker 1: um take you should be able to create a standard

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Speaker 1: unit of distance of length based on something that has

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Speaker 1: to do with the earth. To take it away from

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Speaker 1: the humans. Humans come in all shapes and sizes. You

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Speaker 1: need something that's going to be persist tint. And let's

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Speaker 1: say say I persistent, like not only is it always there,

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Speaker 1: it's in your face too. So he was saying, let's

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Speaker 1: let's use some sort of measure of a degree of longitude, right, yeah,

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Speaker 1: which makes sense because that what had already been established. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: So he kind of put this fourth heel said, and

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Speaker 1: by the way, you should you should make it up

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Speaker 1: based on a decimal system, very smart a UM ten

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Speaker 1: ten base system base ten system um, which is very

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Speaker 1: easy to divide and multiply by. And um, it's not arbitrary, right,

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Speaker 1: and base it all around this length like everything like volume, mass,

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Speaker 1: all this stuff. Make sure it's around this one length

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Speaker 1: and um. He went and died, but his ideas lived on.

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Speaker 1: And so when the National Assembly really started to look

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Speaker 1: into this system of measurement, they found, um, Mouton's ideas

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Speaker 1: were alive and well and pretty practical. Yeah, and they

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Speaker 1: said let's do this. Um. And then they said, all right,

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Speaker 1: if we're gonna do this, let's form a mission. Formed

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Speaker 1: the commission and said, let's base it on these three

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Speaker 1: principles that were established by Mouton, who I don't think

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Speaker 1: we said it was a mathematician. Obviously here was a

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Speaker 1: mathematician and astronomer, weren't they They kind of went hand

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Speaker 1: in hand. They made beer yeah, exactly, which meant they

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Speaker 1: are also mathematicians and astronomers. Um, so they had the

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Speaker 1: three basic principles should be equal to a portion of

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Speaker 1: the Earth's circumference, which is I get what they mean,

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Speaker 1: but that would be any unit of length that's smaller

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Speaker 1: than the Earth's or conference. Yeah, I get what they're saying, though,

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Speaker 1: you know what I'm saying. Like anything, you could just

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Speaker 1: arbitrarily pick any length and you could say it's based

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Speaker 1: on the Earth's or conference. You could. But what they

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Speaker 1: were saying was it has to be a portion measured

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Speaker 1: off of an already extant like something we already know, right,

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Speaker 1: take a portion of it could have been eighty miles, though,

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Speaker 1: sure it could have been, but that would have made sense.

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Speaker 1: I digress. Number two. Volume of mass you said would

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Speaker 1: be derived from length. So everything's gonna be related to

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Speaker 1: each other and you could figure it out mathematically, and um,

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Speaker 1: everything's got to be multiplied or divided by ten if

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Speaker 1: you want to get something smaller or larger a decimal system. Um.

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Speaker 1: This is just brilliant genius stuff for a guy in

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Speaker 1: sixteen seventy to be coming up with and for it

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Speaker 1: not to have been adopted right away. Um. But the

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Speaker 1: French when they really started looking at it, they figured out, okay,

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Speaker 1: this is a pretty good system. We're gonna go with this. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And those two guys started measuring from um Barcelona, Spain

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Speaker 1: to dunk Kirk, northern France, and they measured along this

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Speaker 1: one line and they came up with a quadrant of

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Speaker 1: the circumference of the Earth, basically the this meridian that

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Speaker 1: ran through Paris from the north pole to the equator,

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Speaker 1: so it's a quarter of the circumference of the Earth.

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Speaker 1: And they figured out that a meter could conceivably be

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Speaker 1: a one ten million of that quadrant, So it's one

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Speaker 1: ten million of the meridian that runs through Paris as

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Speaker 1: it goes from the north pole to the equator. That's

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Speaker 1: the fact of the show for me. That's a meter,

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Speaker 1: and also the fact of the shows that they decided

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Speaker 1: how to do it and to call it a meter.

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Speaker 1: And then they went, well, I guess we need to

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Speaker 1: figure out how long this thing is, right like I

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Speaker 1: would have thought it would have been the other way around.

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Speaker 1: But I guess it doesn't make sense. Like I said,

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Speaker 1: it's arbitrary. Let's come up with a system and then

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Speaker 1: say all right, that base unit of measurement, how long

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Speaker 1: should that be? And it it also it's pretty nationalistic too.

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Speaker 1: It's this meridian that runs through Paris, you know, So

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Speaker 1: it's the metric system is an extremely French invention, that's right, um,

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Speaker 1: which is kind of one of the reasons you can

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Speaker 1: go back and say that the US doesn't have it. Um.

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Speaker 1: It's also one of the reasons a lot of the

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Speaker 1: world does have it because after the French Revolution, UM,

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Speaker 1: Napoleon came to power, and Napoleon UM conquered a lot

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Speaker 1: of lands, and he brought the metri system with them. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: I mean at this point it was it was solid.

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Speaker 1: I think it took five years for them to completely

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Speaker 1: adopt it or officially adopt it. And once you had

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Speaker 1: the meter in place, you had everything else because it

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Speaker 1: was all based off the meter. So they're homing along

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Speaker 1: and then, like you said, Napoleon says, I'm going to

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Speaker 1: take the meter with me and conquer Europe, and now

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Speaker 1: everyone all of a sudden is gaining traction the meter,

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Speaker 1: and so across the pond. In the US. At about

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Speaker 1: the same time, right the you, the federal government was like,

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Speaker 1: you know what, we we need to you can't have

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Speaker 1: a country without a uniform system of measurements and weights

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Speaker 1: and all that, because the commerce that's the basis of

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Speaker 1: this whole thing. Right. If you're just a little hunter

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Speaker 1: gatherer band and you're getting your own food, you need

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Speaker 1: virtually no measurements or weights or anything like that. If

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Speaker 1: you start trading with another band you wanted to be fair,

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Speaker 1: you suddenly need a system of measurements and white. And

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Speaker 1: then as that trade increases more and more, the need

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Speaker 1: for that system of measurements and waits to be uniform

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Speaker 1: around the world increases tremendously, right, agreed. So the US

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Speaker 1: assembles the colonies into states and says we need to

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Speaker 1: have some sort of uniform system of measurements. So Thomas

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Speaker 1: Jefferson was the first guy to pick that up, right,

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Speaker 1: I mean it's in the Constitution. Yeah. Previous to that,

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Speaker 1: they obviously, because they were came from England, they used

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Speaker 1: the British standard um and the British imperial system, which

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Speaker 1: was pretty antiquated. Yeah, but it still looks a lot

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Speaker 1: like what we're using it today exactly. And like you said,

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Speaker 1: they put it in the constitution. What was it, uh,

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Speaker 1: Article one, Section eight and then t J said, you

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Speaker 1: know what, I like this decimal system. I think it's

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Speaker 1: a good idea. But that means we gotta send these

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Speaker 1: dudes over to France and we gotta find out. They

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Speaker 1: gotta bring out their meter stick and show it to us,

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Speaker 1: and we gotta bring one back with us, and it's

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Speaker 1: really expand So so let's just keep what we got

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Speaker 1: for now. And can we trust the French? Do we

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Speaker 1: need to have our own surveyors go make the same

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Speaker 1: measurement and make sure that this isn't somehow like French centric,

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Speaker 1: Franco centric, you know. Um, So he kind of backed

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Speaker 1: off of the whole thing. There was also a big

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Speaker 1: fear that, like once Napoleon uh died down, that there

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Speaker 1: was gonna be a there was metric backlash. Yeah, that

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Speaker 1: it was just kind of fallow the wayside. Maybe we

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Speaker 1: should wait and see. Let's they thought it sort of

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Speaker 1: like investing in Napoleon. You know, who wants to do that? Nobody? Nobody,

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Speaker 1: um round About the same time, also, the French had

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Speaker 1: supported the US during the Revolutionary War, and then after

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Speaker 1: the Revolutionary War, the enemies um Great Britain and the

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Speaker 1: United States established a treaty called Jay's Treaty in and

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Speaker 1: basically it said, hey, let's let's chill out a little bit.

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Speaker 1: Let's see if we can get along. We're gonna withdraw

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Speaker 1: our troops from the Pacific Northwest. We the Brits, you

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Speaker 1: Americans can start trading in the West. Standis And the

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Speaker 1: French was like, what the heck? I thought we were

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Speaker 1: in bed together? Yeah, so what's going on? So all

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Speaker 1: of a sudden there's hostilities between the French and the Americans,

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Speaker 1: so much so that when the French held this big

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Speaker 1: metric extravagance that like debut it to the world. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it was pretty funny. I thought, what just you know,

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Speaker 1: I mean, it was necessary, but it just I could

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Speaker 1: picture Convention Center with like various styles of meter sticks

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Speaker 1: and here it is. But the U S didn't get

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Speaker 1: an invitation. Yeah, they get snubbed. So let's let's let's

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Speaker 1: point that out again. The U S didn't get an

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Speaker 1: invitation when France was like, the metric system works. We're

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Speaker 1: going to introduce to the rest of the world. Everybody

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Speaker 1: come adopt this, except for you guys, because we're mad

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Speaker 1: at you. Yeah. So I guess the ultimate question that

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Speaker 1: we're answering in a roundabout way over this whole podcast

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Speaker 1: is why isn't the U S one of those countries

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Speaker 1: chalk this up as one of the early reasons. Well,

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Speaker 1: they didn't want us to, they didn't invite us. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: he said, screw you, guys, we'll go Matrique. Can you

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Speaker 1: do whatever you want with your little ruler right in

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Speaker 1: the U S said we will, we will, guys, we're

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Speaker 1: gonna By this time, I think eighteen twenty one, John

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Speaker 1: Quincy Adams order to survey um of all of the

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Speaker 1: the states and all the measurements and weights used in

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Speaker 1: the States, and they he said, you know what, this

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Speaker 1: is uniform enough. We're gonna stick with this. We're fine. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: we don't need this frenchie invention. Paul Giamatti said, no, yeah,

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Speaker 1: that was he. He was John Adams, right, yeah, okay. Um. However,

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Speaker 1: as we said, the metric system throughout the rest of

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Speaker 1: the world, despite the fact that Napoleon went by by,

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Speaker 1: the metric system caught on enough and it wasn't just

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Speaker 1: tied to him, and the US was like, man, you'rpe.

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Speaker 1: You know, everyone has really gotten on this metric thing.

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Speaker 1: We might have missed the boat a little bit. Uh,

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Speaker 1: and is that a problem? So in eighteen sixty six, Uh,

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Speaker 1: Andrew Johnson said, you know what I'm gonna I'm gonna

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Speaker 1: sign into law that is lawful in the United States

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Speaker 1: to employ the weights and measures of the metric system

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Speaker 1: and all of our contracts and dealings and court proceedings

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Speaker 1: like the government standard, right exactly. And he said, like,

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Speaker 1: if somebody uses the metric system and a contract with you,

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Speaker 1: that's that's legal now. So right there, the US just

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Speaker 1: legally adopted the metric system. The big the big loophole

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Speaker 1: was it's not compulsory right there, It's just if somebody

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Speaker 1: wants to, it's legal, right, that's right, um, Which is

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Speaker 1: kind of funny because that added to this already cluster

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Speaker 1: of the U s customary system where there's like three

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Speaker 1: different units. A lot of stuff are the same, they

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Speaker 1: have the same name. There's nine different kinds of tons.

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Speaker 1: Did you know that? There's the short ton, the which

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Speaker 1: you never want to get your hands on if you're

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Speaker 1: looking for a full ton, the displacement ton, the refrigeration ton,

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Speaker 1: the nuclear ton, the registered ton, the metric ton, the

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Speaker 1: essay ton, and a ton of coal equivalent, chuck, that's

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Speaker 1: a ton of tons. It is, UM. But now the

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Speaker 1: metric system has just kind of poked its head in

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Speaker 1: under US law and it's now entrenched. It's made, it's made.

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Speaker 1: It's first four A into the US. That's right. Flash

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Speaker 1: forward another nine or ten years, eighteen seventy five, another

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Speaker 1: special Assembly in Paris said we're gonna bring together seventeen

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Speaker 1: nations and you know what, us, get your butt over here. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: come on. They're like, all right, well, come come on,

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Speaker 1: you don't be mad, and they said no. So they

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Speaker 1: went over and UM signed the Treaty of the Meter,

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Speaker 1: which is a real thing, set up the International Bureau

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Speaker 1: of Weights and Measures UH and a General Conference on

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Speaker 1: Weights and Measures to consider an adopt changes over the years.

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Speaker 1: And also said, you know what, if we're gonna establish

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Speaker 1: this meter, we need to set up a lab where

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Speaker 1: they keep all this stuff in their official form in

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Speaker 1: case I guess, I guess, like the seed vault, in

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Speaker 1: case the world ever goes to pot. We got that

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Speaker 1: meter stick in this in this closet here, right, And

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Speaker 1: they actually did have a meter stick. It was the

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Speaker 1: International Prototype Meter, so funny, and it was a it

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Speaker 1: was had to do it though. This is the meter,

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Speaker 1: and this is the one that all are measured from,

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Speaker 1: and it's housed in this area, this um, this office

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Speaker 1: in seven Yeah. I thought it was buried beneath the

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Speaker 1: crypt in the catacombs of the Is it No, I'm

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Speaker 1: just kidding um, because it seems like something the French

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Speaker 1: would do with the media. Tom Hanks would have found

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Speaker 1: it though. Um, oh, I got you. Yeah, uh so

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Speaker 1: they did have that. They had the meter. They also

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Speaker 1: had the International Prototype kilometer. Yea, the kilogram yeah, um,

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Speaker 1: and that's made of already him and platinum's kept in

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Speaker 1: an air tight jar and it is um the kilogram.

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Speaker 1: Everything else is measured off of. So they make copies

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Speaker 1: of all these and all the um. All the countries

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Speaker 1: that ratified the Treaty of the Meter got copies of

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Speaker 1: their own, and the US got their own in eight ninety.

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Speaker 1: So the U S is going like metric crazy now,

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Speaker 1: especially because of this guy named Mendel right uh t C.

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Speaker 1: Menden Hall. Menden Hall. He was the Superintendent of Weights

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Speaker 1: and Measures, and the menden Hall Order of three said,

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Speaker 1: you know what, We're gonna establish our fundamental standards for

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Speaker 1: LinkedIn mass on this these metric units, we'll call it

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Speaker 1: a yard, but yard is Eventually they settled on uh

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Speaker 1: point zero point nine, right, and a kilogram or a

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Speaker 1: pound equals zero point four five three five nine two

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Speaker 1: three seven kilograms. So think about this. This is huge

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Speaker 1: TC men in Hall changed everything with this men in

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Speaker 1: Hall order. We still use the the pound inch system,

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Speaker 1: the U S customary system, but it's defined by the

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Speaker 1: metric system, the s I system, right, I don't think

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Speaker 1: we mentioned that yet. Well we haven't got they haven't

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Speaker 1: changed it over that yet, they haven't changed their name.

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Speaker 1: We're still in the metric system of this just gave

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Speaker 1: it spoiler alert. But but think about that. That's that's huge.

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Speaker 1: So it's kind of like, all right, everybody's talking here,

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Speaker 1: but if you if you go beneath the surface just

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Speaker 1: one more level. The US is operating on the metric system.

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Speaker 1: That's that we define everything years to screw you rest

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Speaker 1: of the world. We are on the metric system. We

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Speaker 1: just call it. Right. So about this time, um, there's

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Speaker 1: like this kind of metric fever that's sweeping the US,

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Speaker 1: and then Men in Hall dies and it kind of

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Speaker 1: dies with him. Metric fever might be overstating, then you

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Speaker 1: know they were. There were pennants and t shirts all right.

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Speaker 1: Um no, actually that didn't come until the seventies. But

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Speaker 1: before so inn Hall dies metric fever kind of dies

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Speaker 1: out a little bit. And then, um, part of that

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Speaker 1: Treaty of the Meter, Chuck, was that, uh, there was

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Speaker 1: a conference established, a conference on this metric system where

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Speaker 1: they would meet and like adopt changes and measure things. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: It was It's cool because they weren't like, this is

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Speaker 1: a perfect system, it never needs to change. They figured

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Speaker 1: out ways to improve it over the years, and in

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Speaker 1: nineteen sixty huge change came down, um, where they stopped

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Speaker 1: tying and defining the metric measures of the metric units

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Speaker 1: of measure to the original things like the meridian timillion um.

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Speaker 1: Instead they tied it to immutable laws of the universe

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Speaker 1: that made it even more precise. Man. Yeah, and this

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Speaker 1: was mainly done for because of science. Science demanded uh

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Speaker 1: tighter and more refined system, right exactly. Um, So now

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Speaker 1: a meter is no longer you're defined as one ten

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Speaker 1: millionth of the meridian that runs through Paris as it

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Speaker 1: travels from the north pole to the equator. A meter

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Speaker 1: is the distance traveled by light in a vacuum and

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Speaker 1: one two hundred nine nine million, seven hundred nine two thousand,

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Speaker 1: four hundred fifty eight of a second, that's a meter, right,

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Speaker 1: or they just say a meter is this thing and

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Speaker 1: they hold out the meter stick. Well, they still have

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Speaker 1: the kilogram. It's the mass of the International prototype kilograms.

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Speaker 1: Still that is still that's the only one that's still

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Speaker 1: tied to it. But like, um a second, that's another

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Speaker 1: metrics standard that we use here in the US. You

396
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Speaker 1: didn't notice. So the time it takes an atom of

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Speaker 1: seas M one thirty three to vacillate nine billion, one

398
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Speaker 1: nine two million, six hundred and thirty one thousand, seven

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Speaker 1: hundred and seventy times between two hyperfine levels of its

400
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Speaker 1: ground state, that's pretty good. So basically what they did

401
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Speaker 1: was this the meter. It became even more scientific. The

402
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Speaker 1: metric system became so scientific that they stopped calling at

403
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Speaker 1: the metric system. They called it the the s I,

404
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Speaker 1: the International standard. Right. Yea, they could have gone the

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Speaker 1: other way, They could have gotten less scientific. It would

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Speaker 1: have been more fun. And Nick, well that was the

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Speaker 1: kind of the thing. And I think that it's like, yes,

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Speaker 1: it helps science tremendously, but it also it's going further

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Speaker 1: away from that customary stuff that we use here the

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Speaker 1: thumb inch, you know. Now it's seas and one thirty

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Speaker 1: three atoms vacillating and it it it's more scientific and

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Speaker 1: it's less human. It's just more precise, which is good

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Speaker 1: for everybody. It is. They also added a lot of

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Speaker 1: um in nine instead of um just millimeters or meters

415
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Speaker 1: or kilometers. They also added a lot more like prefixes,

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Speaker 1: like nanometer. There's now a picometer, which is a trillionth

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Speaker 1: of a meter. Yeah, so far, because a nanometer is

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Speaker 1: a billionth of a meter chez. Yeah, alright, so we

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Speaker 1: back to the U S. Yes, So nineteen sixty things changed.

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Speaker 1: That's that's the point of all this. I'm sorry about that.

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Speaker 1: That's great. Point was is like the meters is kind

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Speaker 1: of there hanging out, and then bam they expanded and

423
00:24:10,640 --> 00:24:13,920
Speaker 1: make it way more scientific. Comes back like Gangbusters, it does.

424
00:24:14,119 --> 00:24:16,800
Speaker 1: And it took about close to fifty years from the

425
00:24:16,840 --> 00:24:20,880
Speaker 1: time Mendenhall died in ninety four to nine seventy one,

426
00:24:21,000 --> 00:24:23,879
Speaker 1: when the U S. National Bureau of Standards wrote a

427
00:24:23,920 --> 00:24:28,080
Speaker 1: report called a Metric America and obviously I was born

428
00:24:28,080 --> 00:24:30,879
Speaker 1: in seventy one, I remember that, but I remember the

429
00:24:30,920 --> 00:24:34,199
Speaker 1: following ten years, which was the recommendation for the transition.

430
00:24:34,440 --> 00:24:36,200
Speaker 1: He said, let's try to do this over the next decade.

431
00:24:36,800 --> 00:24:38,800
Speaker 1: So I remember as a young child the big push.

432
00:24:38,880 --> 00:24:40,800
Speaker 1: It was a very big deal. It's always in the news.

433
00:24:40,960 --> 00:24:45,320
Speaker 1: We're going metric, We're going metric. Uh. Congress enacted the

434
00:24:45,400 --> 00:24:48,360
Speaker 1: Metric Conversion Act in seventy five, but said, you know what,

435
00:24:48,440 --> 00:24:55,200
Speaker 1: this ten year deadline should be voluntary. Again, still not compulsory,

436
00:24:56,400 --> 00:25:00,320
Speaker 1: which is yet another reason why we didn't fully go metric.

437
00:25:00,760 --> 00:25:03,760
Speaker 1: I guess they had their reasons, but they said, let's

438
00:25:03,760 --> 00:25:06,800
Speaker 1: not make this a compulsory thing. It smelled pretty Canadian.

439
00:25:07,040 --> 00:25:10,719
Speaker 1: I think I did it to Americans, and they're a

440
00:25:10,720 --> 00:25:15,639
Speaker 1: lot of people resisted. So globalization increases, we're doing more

441
00:25:15,680 --> 00:25:18,760
Speaker 1: and more business with more and more nations around the world.

442
00:25:19,520 --> 00:25:23,480
Speaker 1: American companies found themselves, you know, maybe at a disadvantage

443
00:25:24,119 --> 00:25:27,280
Speaker 1: or at least challenged to keep up because they're still

444
00:25:27,280 --> 00:25:30,119
Speaker 1: converting things and trying to get their trade partners to

445
00:25:30,920 --> 00:25:32,920
Speaker 1: convert or at least we'll do the math for you.

446
00:25:32,960 --> 00:25:35,680
Speaker 1: But know that when you're getting pounds it's this much.

447
00:25:37,200 --> 00:25:41,040
Speaker 1: I mean, you're you're packaging products, say in Arkansas, that

448
00:25:41,119 --> 00:25:44,679
Speaker 1: are being sold in Florida, but they're also being sold

449
00:25:44,840 --> 00:25:48,720
Speaker 1: in um kirk, right, and you need to have two

450
00:25:48,760 --> 00:25:52,639
Speaker 1: different packaging. That's expensive and stupid. Yeah, that makes you

451
00:25:52,720 --> 00:25:56,680
Speaker 1: less competitive globally, that's true. So this Metric Conversion Act,

452
00:25:59,119 --> 00:26:01,840
Speaker 1: there were amendments bad saying, you know what, let's go

453
00:26:01,840 --> 00:26:04,040
Speaker 1: ahead and call this that the preferred system of weights

454
00:26:04,040 --> 00:26:06,680
Speaker 1: and measurements for trade and commerce. So we instill a

455
00:26:06,680 --> 00:26:09,880
Speaker 1: little further along, a little inched further along, or millimeter

456
00:26:10,040 --> 00:26:13,879
Speaker 1: further along. Okay, uh, And then the they said the

457
00:26:13,920 --> 00:26:17,440
Speaker 1: federal agencies are gonna have to use this system for procurements,

458
00:26:17,440 --> 00:26:20,440
Speaker 1: for grants for business by the end of nineteen nine two.

459
00:26:20,720 --> 00:26:25,360
Speaker 1: It's going to be our government standard. But that loophole

460
00:26:25,440 --> 00:26:28,360
Speaker 1: was still there. If you were not a government agency,

461
00:26:28,560 --> 00:26:30,840
Speaker 1: it was up to your discretion whether you wanted to

462
00:26:30,880 --> 00:26:33,399
Speaker 1: go metric or if your private business, it's up to you.

463
00:26:33,600 --> 00:26:35,520
Speaker 1: You can still ship by the pound if you want, right.

464
00:26:35,760 --> 00:26:39,159
Speaker 1: So uh that that whole thing came into effect by

465
00:26:39,200 --> 00:26:43,160
Speaker 1: two and the U. S. Government was officially metric. Right. Yes, Um,

466
00:26:43,200 --> 00:26:45,960
Speaker 1: it's some of the some industries in the US took

467
00:26:46,000 --> 00:26:49,520
Speaker 1: the opportunity to go metric too, Like the pharmaceutical entry

468
00:26:49,880 --> 00:26:54,000
Speaker 1: industry went hard metric, which means it went all metric.

469
00:26:54,800 --> 00:27:00,560
Speaker 1: Um say, like the beverage industry went soft metric, sad,

470
00:27:00,680 --> 00:27:04,159
Speaker 1: which is why you can see um fluid, ounces and

471
00:27:04,280 --> 00:27:08,720
Speaker 1: millimeters right next to one another, living in harmony on

472
00:27:08,920 --> 00:27:14,360
Speaker 1: your can of soda. That's right. Tools are metric, bicycles,

473
00:27:14,640 --> 00:27:18,760
Speaker 1: tools are metric and standard though. Yeah, that's true, that's true.

474
00:27:18,880 --> 00:27:22,800
Speaker 1: Very good point. Film remember that stuff. Yeah, film is metric.

475
00:27:23,280 --> 00:27:26,240
Speaker 1: I hate saying was it's it still exists. Thirty five millimeter,

476
00:27:27,080 --> 00:27:32,560
Speaker 1: seventy millimeter, eight millimeter, oh yeah, super sixteen my favorite

477
00:27:32,680 --> 00:27:36,119
Speaker 1: sixteen millimeter. Uh and now, of course it saw just

478
00:27:36,240 --> 00:27:42,600
Speaker 1: on a digital card SD card, there's no card. That

479
00:27:42,680 --> 00:27:45,600
Speaker 1: was funny when we sidebar here. When we were shooting

480
00:27:45,600 --> 00:27:48,399
Speaker 1: our TV show, there's a tradition in which when you

481
00:27:48,400 --> 00:27:53,400
Speaker 1: shoot your hundredth roll of film, you pop some champagne

482
00:27:53,400 --> 00:27:55,879
Speaker 1: on set, and we did that, and I was like,

483
00:27:55,920 --> 00:27:59,560
Speaker 1: how do you know, Yeah, we're not shooting rolls of film.

484
00:28:00,000 --> 00:28:03,159
Speaker 1: Apparently there's some conversion that camera guys know that this

485
00:28:03,240 --> 00:28:05,239
Speaker 1: is the equivalent of our hunder throw the film. So

486
00:28:05,359 --> 00:28:11,680
Speaker 1: I Lance the the camera operator here. Yes, it's okay, um, extraordinary, extraordinary.

487
00:28:11,920 --> 00:28:14,040
Speaker 1: He he was explaining all this to me, but I

488
00:28:14,080 --> 00:28:16,000
Speaker 1: didn't realize that he was saying, like, this isn't a

489
00:28:16,040 --> 00:28:20,520
Speaker 1: metaphorical champagne thing, Like there's champagne in the other room,

490
00:28:20,520 --> 00:28:22,280
Speaker 1: and go get some. Josh. I was like, oh, thanks

491
00:28:22,320 --> 00:28:24,760
Speaker 1: for explaining, and like walked away. And then I see

492
00:28:24,840 --> 00:28:28,080
Speaker 1: like everybody else kind of bust and I'm like, I

493
00:28:28,160 --> 00:28:31,359
Speaker 1: didn't get any champagne. He didn't this whole product. No,

494
00:28:31,520 --> 00:28:34,320
Speaker 1: I had no idea what metaphorical. I went off to

495
00:28:34,400 --> 00:28:38,320
Speaker 1: my dressing room. Okay, it's like we're all standing around drinking.

496
00:28:38,320 --> 00:28:41,800
Speaker 1: I had no idea that Lance was sweet about it.

497
00:28:42,160 --> 00:28:43,800
Speaker 1: He was, But at the same time, I was like,

498
00:28:43,840 --> 00:28:47,040
Speaker 1: why is Lance looking at me weird while I'm walking away?

499
00:28:47,440 --> 00:28:50,920
Speaker 1: All right, So, as of now, some people estimate about

500
00:28:51,720 --> 00:28:57,200
Speaker 1: of American manufactured products and companies have gone metric. Not

501
00:28:57,280 --> 00:29:02,440
Speaker 1: too bad, but the public at large has still uh

502
00:29:02,440 --> 00:29:05,719
Speaker 1: push back for a few reasons, costs being one of them.

503
00:29:06,040 --> 00:29:11,240
Speaker 1: It's expensive to two change all these documents and change

504
00:29:11,240 --> 00:29:14,240
Speaker 1: your company two over to metric. I think NASA said

505
00:29:14,840 --> 00:29:17,480
Speaker 1: it would cost three and seventy million dollars to change

506
00:29:17,480 --> 00:29:21,120
Speaker 1: all of our drawings and tens of thousands, I'm sorry,

507
00:29:21,280 --> 00:29:24,200
Speaker 1: thousands of man hours just for the space shuttle. Yeah,

508
00:29:24,400 --> 00:29:26,200
Speaker 1: and man, am I glad they didn't go to the

509
00:29:26,200 --> 00:29:30,239
Speaker 1: trouble doing that. Ways. Uh So, money is one thing.

510
00:29:30,280 --> 00:29:32,520
Speaker 1: You can't just jump to the Metric system overnight. But

511
00:29:32,680 --> 00:29:35,240
Speaker 1: you can also make a case, if I may interrupt, chuck,

512
00:29:35,400 --> 00:29:39,920
Speaker 1: that money can also be saved using NASA as an example.

513
00:29:40,040 --> 00:29:47,160
Speaker 1: Also UM in NASA lost its Mars climate orbiter because

514
00:29:47,960 --> 00:29:53,719
Speaker 1: the UM attitude control system was on our Imperial system,

515
00:29:53,760 --> 00:29:58,200
Speaker 1: our US customary system, right inches that kind of thing,

516
00:29:58,720 --> 00:30:01,960
Speaker 1: but the navigation says, the guiding the thing was on

517
00:30:02,000 --> 00:30:04,240
Speaker 1: the Metric system or the SI system. That's where you

518
00:30:04,280 --> 00:30:07,640
Speaker 1: gets screwed and there was a discrepancy and it flew

519
00:30:07,880 --> 00:30:11,040
Speaker 1: too close to the planet, overheated and is now just

520
00:30:11,040 --> 00:30:14,200
Speaker 1: a million dollar space jump. Wow, they couldn't figure that out.

521
00:30:15,320 --> 00:30:18,200
Speaker 1: I thought they had probably I guess, or else they

522
00:30:18,440 --> 00:30:20,800
Speaker 1: just didn't think of it, or I bet they thought

523
00:30:20,800 --> 00:30:24,080
Speaker 1: of it. They was probably an error. Uh And the

524
00:30:24,360 --> 00:30:29,440
Speaker 1: author of this article points out that stubbornness and individualism

525
00:30:29,480 --> 00:30:32,280
Speaker 1: is another reason Americans haven't, especially if it's the French

526
00:30:32,320 --> 00:30:34,800
Speaker 1: that are pushing pushing it on its right exactly. I

527
00:30:34,840 --> 00:30:37,360
Speaker 1: don't know about that. UM A while, I don't know

528
00:30:37,480 --> 00:30:40,240
Speaker 1: how it first came up whenever we talked about the

529
00:30:40,240 --> 00:30:43,480
Speaker 1: metric system. But years ago when of um, somebody listens

530
00:30:43,520 --> 00:30:48,280
Speaker 1: to us named Amy Wang sent in her her graduate

531
00:30:48,720 --> 00:30:52,040
Speaker 1: thesis for design school and it's called a metrica. Do

532
00:30:52,080 --> 00:30:54,360
Speaker 1: you remember that? I do remember that, so UM I

533
00:30:54,440 --> 00:30:56,640
Speaker 1: looked it up again and apparently it was this whole

534
00:30:56,720 --> 00:31:02,440
Speaker 1: thing of like basically putting metric ings into normal everyday

535
00:31:02,480 --> 00:31:05,520
Speaker 1: things into metric terms. So like your your coffee mate,

536
00:31:05,720 --> 00:31:08,520
Speaker 1: say this has this many mill leaders in it? Or

537
00:31:08,560 --> 00:31:11,720
Speaker 1: a taxicab, you know the little signs they have on

538
00:31:11,720 --> 00:31:14,400
Speaker 1: on the roof. I saw one where it's driving and

539
00:31:14,440 --> 00:31:16,920
Speaker 1: it shows how fast it's going in kilometers per hour.

540
00:31:17,320 --> 00:31:19,280
Speaker 1: So what do they any by standards? Little things to

541
00:31:19,400 --> 00:31:22,280
Speaker 1: just slowly convert people to the idea. And this is

542
00:31:22,280 --> 00:31:24,720
Speaker 1: something that the our thesis on like this is a

543
00:31:24,760 --> 00:31:28,120
Speaker 1: proposal that we should try and do. Yeah, something like that.

544
00:31:28,400 --> 00:31:30,160
Speaker 1: I don't know if it's going anywhere, but I think

545
00:31:30,160 --> 00:31:32,680
Speaker 1: there's some validity to that as far as Americans go.

546
00:31:32,760 --> 00:31:35,480
Speaker 1: You would have to. We don't like things being pushed

547
00:31:35,480 --> 00:31:37,600
Speaker 1: on us, which is probably why they always made it

548
00:31:38,320 --> 00:31:42,160
Speaker 1: up to you. Yeah, you know, yeah, either that or

549
00:31:42,400 --> 00:31:45,520
Speaker 1: business interests were like, just take away that compulsory part

550
00:31:45,600 --> 00:31:47,600
Speaker 1: and then just kind of sneak it in little by

551
00:31:47,680 --> 00:31:51,560
Speaker 1: little over the years. Although is it a big dealing more? Yeah,

552
00:31:51,640 --> 00:31:55,040
Speaker 1: I think ultimately like we can kiss the US customary

553
00:31:55,080 --> 00:31:58,880
Speaker 1: system goodbye. You think? I think so sure? I mean, like,

554
00:31:58,920 --> 00:32:03,000
Speaker 1: it's it's that whole globalization thing. And if the business

555
00:32:03,000 --> 00:32:07,200
Speaker 1: interests were the ones holding it back before, then they're

556
00:32:07,200 --> 00:32:09,600
Speaker 1: going to be the ones driving it now. They're like,

557
00:32:09,760 --> 00:32:12,360
Speaker 1: let's just go to metric. It's gonna make everything way better.

558
00:32:12,680 --> 00:32:15,240
Speaker 1: Did you ever see the deal with Minimir in Liberia?

559
00:32:15,280 --> 00:32:18,280
Speaker 1: Why why they're the other two? No, Liberia, I imagine

560
00:32:18,280 --> 00:32:20,600
Speaker 1: would be because it was originally a US callin that

561
00:32:20,840 --> 00:32:22,880
Speaker 1: was about because of US. I don't know about me

562
00:32:23,000 --> 00:32:25,600
Speaker 1: and r at all. I have no idea why they

563
00:32:25,600 --> 00:32:29,959
Speaker 1: wouldn't be. Melomar's right, delicious, Yeah, let's see you get

564
00:32:29,960 --> 00:32:32,400
Speaker 1: anything else. I've got nothing else. So the answer is check.

565
00:32:32,440 --> 00:32:36,680
Speaker 1: The US is pretty much on the metric system. That's right.

566
00:32:36,760 --> 00:32:39,520
Speaker 1: We got a lot of it, a lot of it. Okay,

567
00:32:39,600 --> 00:32:42,320
Speaker 1: if you start looking around for things that have meters

568
00:32:42,320 --> 00:32:44,280
Speaker 1: and middle leaders and leaders, you're gonna see a lot

569
00:32:44,320 --> 00:32:48,400
Speaker 1: of it here. Just open your eyes, man, right If

570
00:32:48,400 --> 00:32:52,280
Speaker 1: you want to know more about um the metric system,

571
00:32:52,320 --> 00:32:54,640
Speaker 1: We've got a couple of things on the website about it,

572
00:32:54,640 --> 00:32:57,840
Speaker 1: pretty interesting stuff. Just type metric system into the handy

573
00:32:57,880 --> 00:33:01,200
Speaker 1: search part how stuff works dot com and uh, I

574
00:33:01,320 --> 00:33:03,600
Speaker 1: said handy search partage means it's time for a listener

575
00:33:03,640 --> 00:33:08,240
Speaker 1: mail cash Iman. We call this uh be inspired someone

576
00:33:08,600 --> 00:33:12,720
Speaker 1: to do something different in their life. Okay, hey guys,

577
00:33:12,720 --> 00:33:14,880
Speaker 1: I thought i'd never be writing in but I thought

578
00:33:14,960 --> 00:33:16,640
Speaker 1: you should know this. I've been listening for a while.

579
00:33:16,800 --> 00:33:19,160
Speaker 1: I love your podcast. Listen to him while I do

580
00:33:19,200 --> 00:33:21,400
Speaker 1: my homework to make it a little less tedious. So

581
00:33:21,480 --> 00:33:24,160
Speaker 1: I live an Anchorage, Alaska and go to high school there. Recently,

582
00:33:24,200 --> 00:33:27,800
Speaker 1: I've been introduced to a certain program called Rotary. This program,

583
00:33:27,840 --> 00:33:31,280
Speaker 1: among other things, since and receive students looking to study abroad.

584
00:33:31,680 --> 00:33:33,200
Speaker 1: I would just like to say that you guys have

585
00:33:33,280 --> 00:33:36,560
Speaker 1: really inspired me to participate in this program the next

586
00:33:36,600 --> 00:33:39,200
Speaker 1: academic year. I was always so consumed with trying to

587
00:33:39,240 --> 00:33:41,840
Speaker 1: be normal, even though I never really was such a

588
00:33:41,880 --> 00:33:45,160
Speaker 1: common experience. I know been since I've started listening to

589
00:33:45,240 --> 00:33:47,959
Speaker 1: your Guys podcast, I have come to realize how much

590
00:33:48,000 --> 00:33:50,479
Speaker 1: I don't know and have to learn. Uh. I've had

591
00:33:50,560 --> 00:33:52,920
Speaker 1: quite a time watching and listening to people who are smart, cultured,

592
00:33:52,920 --> 00:33:56,360
Speaker 1: and eloquent, like John Stewart, for example, who I love,

593
00:33:57,080 --> 00:33:59,480
Speaker 1: uh and you and I do too. I was consious

594
00:33:59,520 --> 00:34:03,239
Speaker 1: that you're saying that was her, but it's us right

595
00:34:04,160 --> 00:34:06,560
Speaker 1: where see? Like John? Stay okay, I want to speak

596
00:34:06,560 --> 00:34:10,120
Speaker 1: to you guys share the same qualities. Wow, how about

597
00:34:10,120 --> 00:34:14,040
Speaker 1: that we share qualities with John Stewart. I don't find

598
00:34:14,320 --> 00:34:16,799
Speaker 1: you know alright. I love the idea of becoming a

599
00:34:16,800 --> 00:34:20,600
Speaker 1: better person purely through the appreciation of knowledge. I'm hoping

600
00:34:20,640 --> 00:34:22,240
Speaker 1: that my trip next year will be an eye opener

601
00:34:22,280 --> 00:34:24,960
Speaker 1: since I live in such a cutoff environment up here

602
00:34:25,000 --> 00:34:27,600
Speaker 1: in Alaska. How that I'm complaining. I also hope it

603
00:34:27,640 --> 00:34:30,480
Speaker 1: will prepare me for going into the Peace Corps. It's

604
00:34:30,520 --> 00:34:33,759
Speaker 1: a civil engineer, man, that's awesome. I probably would not

605
00:34:33,840 --> 00:34:35,960
Speaker 1: have had the courage to sign up for this stuff

606
00:34:35,960 --> 00:34:38,319
Speaker 1: myself and deliver abroad for a whole year if it

607
00:34:38,360 --> 00:34:40,960
Speaker 1: wasn't for you guys in your podcast. I won't know

608
00:34:40,960 --> 00:34:43,680
Speaker 1: where I'm going until December, or which language I'll have

609
00:34:43,719 --> 00:34:48,720
Speaker 1: to learn. Some of the options are places like Brazil, Denmark, Finlin, Germany, Russia, Cool,

610
00:34:48,760 --> 00:34:53,000
Speaker 1: South Africa, Thailand or Turkey. Those are all great. Turkey,

611
00:34:54,239 --> 00:34:56,400
Speaker 1: You're not a Turkey fan. I'm just getting parts of Turkey.

612
00:34:56,400 --> 00:34:59,560
Speaker 1: You're beautiful. I'm really glad that I am pushing myself.

613
00:34:59,760 --> 00:35:02,239
Speaker 1: We that Turkish guy that wrote in remember after we

614
00:35:02,320 --> 00:35:04,279
Speaker 1: bagged on Turkey and he sent the pictures like, what

615
00:35:04,360 --> 00:35:07,040
Speaker 1: do you think of this? Yeah? Look at least topless speeches.

616
00:35:07,160 --> 00:35:11,439
Speaker 1: Didn't you win something? Didn't you win? That is all? Oh?

617
00:35:11,520 --> 00:35:14,680
Speaker 1: Maybe so did send to him? I can't remember. Yes

618
00:35:14,719 --> 00:35:17,120
Speaker 1: we did, was the answer. Okay, I'm really glad that

619
00:35:17,160 --> 00:35:20,040
Speaker 1: I'm pushing myself out of my comfort zone enough to

620
00:35:20,080 --> 00:35:22,399
Speaker 1: do this. Guys, I'm so excited. Thank you very much.

621
00:35:22,680 --> 00:35:24,440
Speaker 1: Maybe I'll send you a postcard while there. And that

622
00:35:24,560 --> 00:35:28,080
Speaker 1: is from Sydney. That is fantastic, Sydney. We take full

623
00:35:28,160 --> 00:35:30,799
Speaker 1: credit for pushing you to do this, so long as

624
00:35:30,840 --> 00:35:34,680
Speaker 1: you have a triumphant and successful return if anything happens

625
00:35:34,719 --> 00:35:39,080
Speaker 1: to have never heard of you, um, but congratulations on that.

626
00:35:39,080 --> 00:35:41,200
Speaker 1: That's pretty awesome and huge and thanks for writing in

627
00:35:41,239 --> 00:35:44,520
Speaker 1: and letting us know that, Um, let's see what do

628
00:35:44,560 --> 00:35:47,919
Speaker 1: you got? I don't know. What are some other things

629
00:35:47,920 --> 00:35:50,600
Speaker 1: that America has been stubborn about. Oh, that's a good one,

630
00:35:50,719 --> 00:35:54,920
Speaker 1: chuck Man, that's a good one. Examples of American stubbornness.

631
00:35:55,160 --> 00:35:57,560
Speaker 1: We want to hear him. You can tweet to us

632
00:35:57,640 --> 00:35:59,799
Speaker 1: at s Y s K podcast. You can join us

633
00:35:59,800 --> 00:36:02,160
Speaker 1: on Facebook dot com slash stuff as you know, and

634
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Speaker 1: you can send us a good old fashioned email to

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Speaker 1: Stuff podcast at Discovery dot com for more on this

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Speaker 1: and thousands of other topics, because it how stuff works.

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Speaker 1: Dot com