WEBVTT - Odd Lots Live: What to Watch on Election Night and Beyond

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<v Speaker 1>Bloomberg Audio Studios, Podcasts, radio News.

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<v Speaker 2>Hello and welcome to another episode of the Audlots Podcast.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm Tracy Alloway.

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<v Speaker 3>And I'm Joe. Why isn't Joe?

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<v Speaker 2>This is very special. This is actually this must be

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<v Speaker 2>our fastest turnaround time on an episode ever.

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<v Speaker 3>Well, it is election day.

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<v Speaker 4>Yes, I think we had technically a faster turnaround day

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<v Speaker 4>on the day of the Baltimore Bridge collapse.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, fine, fine, but this was like four hours of

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<v Speaker 2>content that we are squeezing into a very timely episode.

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<v Speaker 2>So what you are about to hear is a live

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<v Speaker 2>recording of the Audlots Podcast, multiple panels, multiple conversations, that

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<v Speaker 2>took place on November fourth, at a recording in front

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<v Speaker 2>of a live audio in New York.

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<v Speaker 5>That's right.

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<v Speaker 4>So today is an election day. Last night was election Eve.

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<v Speaker 4>We figured a bunch of people, if they have preferences

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<v Speaker 4>in this election, we're probably anxious looking for something to

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<v Speaker 4>do other than just sort of refresh the Internet and

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<v Speaker 4>refresh Twitter all night. So I figure, why not get

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<v Speaker 4>some of our favorite guests over the years from the

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<v Speaker 4>podcast and get our fans who we always love seeing

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<v Speaker 4>our listeners and hang out and talk politics and policy

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<v Speaker 4>for a little while. And I didn't drink, actually, but

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<v Speaker 4>some people drank.

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<v Speaker 2>I stress drink.

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<v Speaker 6>I did it.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah I didn't.

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<v Speaker 2>But what better way to spend election day than listening

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<v Speaker 2>to some live recordings of the au Thoughts podcast. So

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<v Speaker 2>what you are about to hear is a selection of

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<v Speaker 2>the conversations. We had some amazing guests. So we started

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<v Speaker 2>with Zoe lu She is of course a senior fellow

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<v Speaker 2>for China Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, and

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<v Speaker 2>we had her with Jordan Schneider of the China Talk podcast.

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<v Speaker 2>We've spoken to both of them before, but we had

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<v Speaker 2>a great conversation about what's going on in China right

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<v Speaker 2>now and what could possibly happen with US China trade.

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<v Speaker 4>Right and then where this particular episode will pick up.

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<v Speaker 4>Then we had a conversation with Neil Dutta of Renaissance

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<v Speaker 4>Macro Research, Sconda Amernath, executive director at Employee America. And

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<v Speaker 4>we had a special guest that we kind of have

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<v Speaker 4>to explain here for a second, because otherwise some of

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<v Speaker 4>the conversation might not make any sense. We had zvie Maashwitz,

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<v Speaker 4>and he is a prediction market's better.

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<v Speaker 3>He's a writer.

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<v Speaker 4>He's a legendary designer of Magic the Gathering Decks. He's

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<v Speaker 4>an advisor to Polymarket. He used to be a Jane

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<v Speaker 4>Street trader. We're gonna have to have him on some time.

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<v Speaker 4>Tracy just yeah, it's totally separated.

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<v Speaker 6>He was great.

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<v Speaker 2>I just want to talk to him about deck construction, deck.

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<v Speaker 4>Construction in Jane Street. Let's do like that episode.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, But Zphie, in addition to all those things, set

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<v Speaker 2>up a betting pool on Manifold for which podcast he

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<v Speaker 2>would actually appear on in twenty twenty four, and one

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<v Speaker 2>of those options was blocks, right.

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<v Speaker 4>He set it up at the beginning of the year,

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<v Speaker 4>and so there's all these different possibilities which podcast will

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<v Speaker 4>appear on. And just again to sort of set the stage,

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<v Speaker 4>we never announced the t V is going to be

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<v Speaker 4>part of this. He is our mystery guest. But we

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<v Speaker 4>flashed the market onto the screen behind us while we

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<v Speaker 4>were at caveat the place where we recorded the episode,

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<v Speaker 4>and then during the conversation we watched as the market

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<v Speaker 4>slowly repriced.

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<v Speaker 2>It's very priced up and down.

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<v Speaker 3>It was very strange.

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<v Speaker 4>My belief in efficient markets has been completely debunked.

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<v Speaker 2>No, you know what, it was this is actually really interesting.

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<v Speaker 2>There was someone in the audience who was using free

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<v Speaker 2>manifold tokens to bring the probability down even as V

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<v Speaker 2>was actually on stage. So a live experiment in how

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<v Speaker 2>prediction markets work.

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<v Speaker 4>How they actually work right. Well, Actually, one of the

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<v Speaker 4>things you'll hear is V talks a lot about one

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<v Speaker 4>of the constraints and prediction markets being a capital constraints

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<v Speaker 4>among traders. Yeah, so here's a guy who currently had

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<v Speaker 4>no capital construction because he had free tooken, and you

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<v Speaker 4>see how much that destroys that. So we started off

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<v Speaker 4>that conversation to about all things markets, finance, what to

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<v Speaker 4>watch it polling, what to watch for in tonight's selection yep.

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<v Speaker 2>And then our headliner of the evening was Brad Setzer.

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<v Speaker 2>He is, of course a senior fellow at the Council

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<v Speaker 2>on Foreign Relations, one of our favorite guests. We've had

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<v Speaker 2>him on I can't even remember how many times.

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<v Speaker 3>Nine times now probably Yeah.

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<v Speaker 2>He was also a trade advisor to USTR's Catherine Tie

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<v Speaker 2>under the Biden administration, So someone who definitely knows what's

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<v Speaker 2>up when it comes to, I guess, the sausage making

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<v Speaker 2>of trade policy. So a fantastic group, a great evening.

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<v Speaker 2>Big thanks to everyone who came, and if you weren't

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<v Speaker 2>able to make it in person, we hope you enjoy

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<v Speaker 2>this version.

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<v Speaker 4>Right so start off check out our first our conversation

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<v Speaker 4>with Skanda, Neil and Zvie. We have some great guests

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<v Speaker 4>coming up and.

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<v Speaker 2>Bowser chance to money.

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<v Speaker 3>Now's your chance you could play.

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<v Speaker 4>We have a one of the people I'm not gonna

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<v Speaker 4>say who it is, but one of the people that

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<v Speaker 4>we will be having on the show is an avid

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<v Speaker 4>prediction markets trader expert in this area, and I'm not gonna.

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<v Speaker 2>Say who it is, but it's a mystery mystery guest.

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<v Speaker 4>So let's bring to the stage, in no particular order,

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<v Speaker 4>we have a Neil Dutta of Renaissance Macro Research, frequent

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<v Speaker 4>odd Lots guests, and we have Skanda Amernath of Employee America,

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<v Speaker 4>another frequent odd Lots guest. And we have Zvimashewitz. He's

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<v Speaker 4>a writer, trader into prediction markets and stuff and currently

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<v Speaker 4>on Manifold Markets. There's a twenty percent chance that he

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<v Speaker 4>appears on odd Lots in the year twenty twenty four,

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<v Speaker 4>so we're doing a little test of prediction markets or sorry,

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<v Speaker 4>efficient markets right here live on stage, so.

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<v Speaker 3>Thank you so much. He's ready to insider trade.

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<v Speaker 4>He hasn't insider traded on his own market yet, but

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<v Speaker 4>it's just sitting there.

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<v Speaker 3>We'll see, we'll see if the odds move. We'll see.

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<v Speaker 2>If the odds move, they should be at one hundred percent.

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<v Speaker 4>So yeah, I guess prediction markets are debunked if they

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<v Speaker 4>don't immediately move to one hundred percent.

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<v Speaker 3>Actually, V, let's start with you.

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<v Speaker 4>When you look at any prediction markets and you're also

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<v Speaker 4>advisor to polymarket.

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<v Speaker 6>Yes, I'm advised it's your trader prediction market guy.

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<v Speaker 3>Oh there it is. It moved up to forty four percent,

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<v Speaker 3>still works, It's still.

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<v Speaker 6>Not high enough, Like it's still I'm not sure.

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<v Speaker 3>It's literally on stage, is literally on stage right now?

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<v Speaker 6>Like how do you note that? Yes, but you don't

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<v Speaker 6>think you should take it farther?

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah, it's something for okay whatever, maybe if someone, oh

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<v Speaker 4>there it is, someone tweet this out. There's still fourteen

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<v Speaker 4>percent gains to be made. The IRR of fourteen percent

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<v Speaker 4>in like thirty seconds of increduble anyway, when we see

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<v Speaker 4>these odds, not for this market, apparently, but when we

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<v Speaker 4>see these poly market and kelshy odds, et cetera. They say, whatever,

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<v Speaker 4>how seriously should we take them?

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<v Speaker 6>I take them at least as seriously as any other

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<v Speaker 6>data point or source of information that we have available.

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<v Speaker 6>They are the best thing we have.

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<v Speaker 4>It's up to there's still a chance that you're not

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<v Speaker 4>appearing on this stage right now.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, wait, why do you they're the best thing we have? Like,

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<v Speaker 2>please explain in the context of this still being stuck

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<v Speaker 2>at ninety four percent.

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<v Speaker 6>Well, if you're on the internet, what other source do

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<v Speaker 6>you have other than the actual broadcast? Like obviously, if

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<v Speaker 6>you're looking at the poll not just the polls, but

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<v Speaker 6>like the actual ballots and you're like, oh, I guess

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<v Speaker 6>we know who won, then that's better than a prediction market.

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<v Speaker 6>But anything short of that that we have is going

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<v Speaker 6>to be incorporated into the prediction market, right, So, like

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<v Speaker 6>the polls, the aggrogations, the projections, all of that gets

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<v Speaker 6>worked into how we trade the prediction markets. So for

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<v Speaker 6>the prediction markets to be wrong, there has to be

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<v Speaker 6>is thematic mistake. And those mistakes do happen, and you

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<v Speaker 6>can in fact profit from them, but it cannot to

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<v Speaker 6>be very large.

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<v Speaker 4>Neil, what about real markets, and you know, you're always

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<v Speaker 4>watching what's happened what I said, real markets, the ticker DJT,

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<v Speaker 4>what's happening in rates, maybe regional banks. What are you

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<v Speaker 4>like seeing over the last few days or what are

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<v Speaker 4>you going to be sort of watching in terms of

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<v Speaker 4>the real markets and how they trade.

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<v Speaker 7>Well, I I mean, my work suggests that the sort

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<v Speaker 7>of Trump trade, particularly with respective fixed income markets, wasn't

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<v Speaker 7>so much Trump, I mean, as it was just stronger

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<v Speaker 7>economic news. I mean, you have to remember that the increasing

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<v Speaker 7>probability at least up until recently, that you know, Trump

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<v Speaker 7>would you know, sweep into the White House. That was

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<v Speaker 7>coinciding at a time of you know, meaningful data surprises

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<v Speaker 7>to the upside, we had a strong job's number of

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<v Speaker 7>strong retail sales. Jobless claims have been low. So I

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<v Speaker 7>think it's less about politics and a lot more just

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<v Speaker 7>about the data as it's been coming out. I mean,

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<v Speaker 7>in terms of what I'm going to be watching in particular,

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<v Speaker 7>my sense is that people will just replay the twenty

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<v Speaker 7>sixteen playbook if if that's what happens, and if you

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<v Speaker 7>get the alternative, in which case I think it's likely

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<v Speaker 7>that you know a Vice President Harris Wins. You probably

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<v Speaker 7>get a Republican center. You probably see, you know, a

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<v Speaker 7>rally and fixed income.

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<v Speaker 2>Scanda. What are you watching? Because with poles, so obviously

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<v Speaker 2>there's a lot of you know, people have strong opinions

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<v Speaker 2>about the usefulness of poles. I kind of think, like

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<v Speaker 2>who is answering the phone anymore? If someone an unidentified

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<v Speaker 2>number is calling them, it feels like there's a bias

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<v Speaker 2>to towards a certain demographic that's actually picking up the phone.

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<v Speaker 6>But what are you watching?

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<v Speaker 8>Yeah, I mean I think there's a clear limit on

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<v Speaker 8>what poles are going to be able to tell you

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<v Speaker 8>be on a certain point. I think that itself just

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<v Speaker 8>kind of tells you it's close.

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<v Speaker 5>It's probably fifty to fifty.

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<v Speaker 8>Your ability to discern whether it's fifty fifty or sixty

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<v Speaker 8>forty is pretty limited, even like you could make a

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<v Speaker 8>case for sixty forty for either side. But beyond this, like,

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<v Speaker 8>we don't have a lot of information that polls tell

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<v Speaker 8>us poles are scammier.

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<v Speaker 3>Now what do you mean by that?

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<v Speaker 8>There are some establishments that seem a little less scrupulous

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<v Speaker 8>that do a good job of gaming the rating systems.

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<v Speaker 8>So I guess like to give the finance analogy, so

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<v Speaker 8>passive versus active, like the idea of just like, okay,

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<v Speaker 8>just trust the aggregation more so than in visual polls.

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<v Speaker 8>But now we have like a weird set of partisan

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<v Speaker 8>or quasi partisan polsters that come in less transparent methodologies

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<v Speaker 8>and the attempts to make process to better understand who's

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<v Speaker 8>better who's worse.

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<v Speaker 5>That's not great.

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<v Speaker 8>So we actually have like aggregators that I don't pay

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<v Speaker 8>as much attention to relative to. Just like, Okay, if

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<v Speaker 8>there's a good poll from a whether it's a republican

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<v Speaker 8>establishment or democratic establishment, there are some good ones on

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<v Speaker 8>either side, I think that's got more information in it.

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<v Speaker 8>But even then it's like very limited, there's a ceiling.

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<v Speaker 8>I mean, I'd be more curious to see about the

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<v Speaker 8>geographic distribution. So obviously the Sphing states come out seven

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<v Speaker 8>pm onwards. We get some early states I report early

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<v Speaker 8>but are read. Just seeing the geographic distribution is gonna

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<v Speaker 8>be kind of interesting because that's actually the polarizing thing

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<v Speaker 8>I see, which is urban like urban versus more democratic

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<v Speaker 8>trending suburban versus rural, And it's like ultimately about the

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<v Speaker 8>margins and how those shift relatives of twenty twenty. That's like,

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<v Speaker 8>still not really clear about how many new Trump voters

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<v Speaker 8>can come out of the would work there were a

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<v Speaker 8>lot in twenty twenty and how much will a lot

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<v Speaker 8>of those suburbs swing further to the left. Yeah, these

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<v Speaker 8>are all kind of open questions, and I don't think

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<v Speaker 8>we have great ways of betchmarking probability be on a

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<v Speaker 8>certain point.

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<v Speaker 4>Zv Anskanda, maybe can you explain the hurting controversy. I've

0:11:50.000 --> 0:11:52.360
<v Speaker 4>been seeing a lot of tweets like upholsters are hurting

0:11:53.160 --> 0:11:56.600
<v Speaker 4>and what's that? And then I don't know, how do

0:11:56.640 --> 0:11:59.240
<v Speaker 4>you heard exactly? Like what is that all about?

0:11:59.360 --> 0:12:00.679
<v Speaker 3>Like doing?

0:12:00.800 --> 0:12:03.720
<v Speaker 6>So? The idea is, if you have a poll and

0:12:03.760 --> 0:12:06.040
<v Speaker 6>you come up with the same results as every other pollster,

0:12:06.160 --> 0:12:08.000
<v Speaker 6>and so everyone is saying Harris plus one or Trump

0:12:08.000 --> 0:12:09.439
<v Speaker 6>plus one, you come out with Harris plus one or

0:12:09.480 --> 0:12:12.840
<v Speaker 6>Trump plus one or zero, then no matter what happens

0:12:12.840 --> 0:12:15.160
<v Speaker 6>in the election, this is not your fault, right, you

0:12:15.200 --> 0:12:17.640
<v Speaker 6>didn't screw up. But if you were to say Harris

0:12:17.679 --> 0:12:20.960
<v Speaker 6>plus four and then Trump wins that state, then suddenly

0:12:21.000 --> 0:12:23.720
<v Speaker 6>everyone looks at you and goes, you're terrible, your career

0:12:23.760 --> 0:12:25.920
<v Speaker 6>is over, You're an idiot, and to lesser extent if

0:12:25.920 --> 0:12:28.079
<v Speaker 6>it's Trump plus four. So what a lot of these

0:12:28.120 --> 0:12:31.160
<v Speaker 6>pollsters are very cretively doing batistical analysis for the polls

0:12:31.720 --> 0:12:34.520
<v Speaker 6>is they are cooking their books, putting their fingers on

0:12:34.520 --> 0:12:37.679
<v Speaker 6>the scale to make sure that their number comes back

0:12:37.840 --> 0:12:40.000
<v Speaker 6>very close to what everyone else is saying. And there

0:12:40.000 --> 0:12:42.560
<v Speaker 6>are only a few, like New York Times Morning consults

0:12:42.880 --> 0:12:46.160
<v Speaker 6>that are clearly not doing that. And often they'll also

0:12:46.200 --> 0:12:48.000
<v Speaker 6>do this thing where they'll take a poll and they'll

0:12:48.000 --> 0:12:49.640
<v Speaker 6>see the result is like way off, and then maybe

0:12:49.679 --> 0:12:51.959
<v Speaker 6>they just won't release it, or they'll find a way

0:12:52.000 --> 0:12:54.280
<v Speaker 6>to adjust it or whatever they have to do. And

0:12:54.360 --> 0:12:57.840
<v Speaker 6>Nate Silver recently posted recently on Twitter the chance of

0:12:57.880 --> 0:13:00.559
<v Speaker 6>all these polls coming in this close even if the

0:13:00.640 --> 0:13:02.920
<v Speaker 6>race was actually tied on the order of one in

0:13:03.040 --> 0:13:05.439
<v Speaker 6>nine trillions. So it's clearly just not a coincidence.

0:13:06.559 --> 0:13:09.679
<v Speaker 2>So what actually happens on prediction markets on election night?

0:13:09.760 --> 0:13:12.640
<v Speaker 2>I imagine like things are going to be moving quite a bit.

0:13:12.840 --> 0:13:16.520
<v Speaker 2>But also when does the actual payout occur for Trump

0:13:16.600 --> 0:13:17.319
<v Speaker 2>versus Harris?

0:13:17.760 --> 0:13:22.079
<v Speaker 6>So the payout depends on the exact terms of the contract.

0:13:22.120 --> 0:13:25.040
<v Speaker 6>So four years ago, we had a lot of very

0:13:25.040 --> 0:13:27.520
<v Speaker 6>interesting discussions going on behind the scenes, and a lot

0:13:27.559 --> 0:13:31.600
<v Speaker 6>of very public yelling as different sites proposed to pay

0:13:31.640 --> 0:13:33.440
<v Speaker 6>out based on the fact that Biden had actually won

0:13:33.520 --> 0:13:36.160
<v Speaker 6>the election, and other people very much disputing that Biden

0:13:36.200 --> 0:13:38.840
<v Speaker 6>hadn't won the election, and in fact buying Trump long

0:13:38.880 --> 0:13:42.440
<v Speaker 6>after Biden had won the election. Yeah, I made some

0:13:42.480 --> 0:13:45.760
<v Speaker 6>money on that. That was kind of awesome. And so

0:13:46.280 --> 0:13:48.839
<v Speaker 6>I mean, like the bets before election day, they did Okay,

0:13:48.920 --> 0:13:51.000
<v Speaker 6>I won them, but I should have held my money.

0:13:51.040 --> 0:13:54.920
<v Speaker 6>The bets afterwards so much better. But the way it

0:13:54.960 --> 0:13:58.440
<v Speaker 6>works is there's a technical rule for when the bet

0:13:58.559 --> 0:14:01.560
<v Speaker 6>pays out, and this convey based on where you bet.

0:14:01.720 --> 0:14:04.959
<v Speaker 6>So what are the ways to do it? Did you say, Okay,

0:14:05.000 --> 0:14:08.640
<v Speaker 6>if the networks call the election, then that counts because

0:14:08.640 --> 0:14:10.719
<v Speaker 6>they're being very conservative these days. And then we pay

0:14:10.760 --> 0:14:13.240
<v Speaker 6>out immediately no matter what happens. And that way you

0:14:13.240 --> 0:14:15.319
<v Speaker 6>don't have to hold it for weeks and weeks, including

0:14:15.360 --> 0:14:17.120
<v Speaker 6>if there's another dispute, which you know, we all hope

0:14:17.120 --> 0:14:18.959
<v Speaker 6>there isn't, but you never know that.

0:14:19.320 --> 0:14:21.640
<v Speaker 4>The way happened, it occurred to me, so you're now

0:14:21.640 --> 0:14:24.200
<v Speaker 4>at ninety six percent chance of appearing on odd lats.

0:14:24.360 --> 0:14:26.360
<v Speaker 4>It occurred to me there may be some ambiguity of

0:14:26.360 --> 0:14:29.480
<v Speaker 4>the rules because this this audio could I don't want

0:14:29.480 --> 0:14:31.120
<v Speaker 4>to jinx it, but maybe it never comes to see

0:14:31.120 --> 0:14:33.360
<v Speaker 4>the light of day. And so maybe just the same

0:14:33.400 --> 0:14:36.720
<v Speaker 4>way people are wondering the technical rules of your contract

0:14:36.720 --> 0:14:39.720
<v Speaker 4>here and whether interviewing you on the stage is the

0:14:39.760 --> 0:14:41.920
<v Speaker 4>same as appearing on the podcast. Let's get to a

0:14:41.920 --> 0:14:47.760
<v Speaker 4>little macro neil monetary policy. Have you been contacted about

0:14:47.840 --> 0:14:49.920
<v Speaker 4>being either the next fed share or being on the

0:14:50.040 --> 0:14:51.920
<v Speaker 4>FOMC in the event of.

0:14:51.880 --> 0:14:52.880
<v Speaker 3>A Trump victory.

0:14:53.880 --> 0:14:54.800
<v Speaker 7>What are you trying to say?

0:14:55.680 --> 0:14:56.680
<v Speaker 3>I am not saying anything.

0:14:56.760 --> 0:14:59.880
<v Speaker 4>I'm simply asking whether the transition team has reached out

0:15:00.240 --> 0:15:00.640
<v Speaker 4>not a role.

0:15:00.640 --> 0:15:03.080
<v Speaker 7>I've not been contacted, and I wouldn't expect you, though

0:15:03.080 --> 0:15:06.400
<v Speaker 7>I know people that are that traffic in those circles.

0:15:06.480 --> 0:15:09.040
<v Speaker 4>Okay, do you what do you like when you think

0:15:09.080 --> 0:15:12.920
<v Speaker 4>about the medium term trajectory of monetary policy under a

0:15:12.960 --> 0:15:18.160
<v Speaker 4>theoretical Trump administration or a Harris administration. Does tomorrow night

0:15:18.840 --> 0:15:20.920
<v Speaker 4>sort of change your outlook on that type of policy?

0:15:21.280 --> 0:15:23.800
<v Speaker 7>Not really? I mean I think in terms of what

0:15:23.840 --> 0:15:26.400
<v Speaker 7>I typically do, as you know, I don't let political

0:15:26.400 --> 0:15:30.600
<v Speaker 7>outcomes really affect my kind of near term decision making

0:15:30.600 --> 0:15:33.360
<v Speaker 7>in terms of what my monetary policy call is going

0:15:33.400 --> 0:15:35.680
<v Speaker 7>to be. I think the next few rate cuts are

0:15:36.320 --> 0:15:40.120
<v Speaker 7>really just baked, I mean, regardless of who wins. And

0:15:40.160 --> 0:15:43.320
<v Speaker 7>that's because I think the underlying dynamics in the economy

0:15:43.360 --> 0:15:47.160
<v Speaker 7>are still kind of pointing to slower growth, benign inflation,

0:15:47.320 --> 0:15:52.000
<v Speaker 7>and probably ongoing monetary policy recalibration. So I don't think

0:15:52.000 --> 0:15:54.880
<v Speaker 7>that's going to change, you know, before the first quarter

0:15:54.920 --> 0:15:57.760
<v Speaker 7>of next year. So I think they'll they'll keep cutting.

0:15:57.960 --> 0:16:00.320
<v Speaker 7>It's really just about how much they will gone to.

0:16:00.360 --> 0:16:02.520
<v Speaker 2>I'd be curious to get your take on this as well,

0:16:02.520 --> 0:16:05.120
<v Speaker 2>like what kind of economy or how would you characterize

0:16:05.160 --> 0:16:08.280
<v Speaker 2>the economy that either Harris or Trump will inherit.

0:16:08.920 --> 0:16:13.080
<v Speaker 8>So, I mean, all things considered, like employment's still very high,

0:16:13.200 --> 0:16:17.320
<v Speaker 8>inflation is generally falling. I mean, each month is their bumps.

0:16:17.640 --> 0:16:20.640
<v Speaker 8>That's not a bad hand to be given. Productivity growth

0:16:20.680 --> 0:16:23.680
<v Speaker 8>looks like it's picking up a gear at least for

0:16:23.720 --> 0:16:26.600
<v Speaker 8>the time being. All these things are pretty good at

0:16:26.640 --> 0:16:28.560
<v Speaker 8>the same time. To Neil's point, there are gonna be

0:16:28.600 --> 0:16:31.280
<v Speaker 8>some foreseeing signs that growth will be slower in Q

0:16:31.360 --> 0:16:34.640
<v Speaker 8>four and probably Q one, and for that reason, like

0:16:34.760 --> 0:16:36.760
<v Speaker 8>we're kind of see some some bumps in the road.

0:16:37.240 --> 0:16:40.640
<v Speaker 8>I don't think that policy is going to be changing

0:16:40.720 --> 0:16:44.320
<v Speaker 8>on a dime, even if like Trump goes for really

0:16:44.400 --> 0:16:46.920
<v Speaker 8>aggressive tariffs. These are not things that will be done overnight.

0:16:47.320 --> 0:16:48.920
<v Speaker 8>And so that's like the kind of friction in the system.

0:16:48.960 --> 0:16:51.080
<v Speaker 8>Everyone likes to talk about politics and how it's relevant

0:16:51.080 --> 0:16:54.920
<v Speaker 8>to markets, and there will be some election reaction, but

0:16:55.000 --> 0:16:57.080
<v Speaker 8>it's like as twenty sixteen kind of told you, right,

0:16:57.520 --> 0:17:00.120
<v Speaker 8>whatever correlation structure was their pre election, doesn't it to

0:17:00.160 --> 0:17:03.480
<v Speaker 8>be their pro selection. And I do think that's like

0:17:03.520 --> 0:17:06.000
<v Speaker 8>something is to be mindful of. As far as like

0:17:06.080 --> 0:17:08.400
<v Speaker 8>policy will take more time to change, I think it's

0:17:08.400 --> 0:17:12.080
<v Speaker 8>pretty clear that if it's a Harris administration, it's probably

0:17:12.119 --> 0:17:15.600
<v Speaker 8>with the Republican Senate, there's like some compromise on tax policy.

0:17:16.000 --> 0:17:17.680
<v Speaker 5>You're not going to get big things done.

0:17:17.720 --> 0:17:19.600
<v Speaker 8>But I don't think there's even like a huge appetite

0:17:19.800 --> 0:17:22.440
<v Speaker 8>within the Democratic Party to do big things. That's a

0:17:22.480 --> 0:17:24.399
<v Speaker 8>little different in terms of like like they've already passed

0:17:24.400 --> 0:17:27.520
<v Speaker 8>all legislation, right, but in terms of Republicans they actually

0:17:27.560 --> 0:17:27.720
<v Speaker 8>have a.

0:17:27.680 --> 0:17:28.720
<v Speaker 5>Good shot at trifect though.

0:17:28.760 --> 0:17:31.760
<v Speaker 8>Right if that happens, then the box opens up. They

0:17:31.800 --> 0:17:34.760
<v Speaker 8>might cut corporate taxes more, but there's also more discretion

0:17:35.119 --> 0:17:38.440
<v Speaker 8>on like trade and immigration that Trump could wield.

0:17:39.160 --> 0:17:40.359
<v Speaker 7>Well, I was just gonna say, I mean, if you

0:17:40.400 --> 0:17:43.920
<v Speaker 7>go back to twenty seventeen, remember that discussion around monetary offset.

0:17:43.960 --> 0:17:47.320
<v Speaker 7>We were all talking about monetary offset because the idea was, well,

0:17:47.359 --> 0:17:48.840
<v Speaker 7>you know, Trump is going to be this sort of

0:17:48.840 --> 0:17:51.800
<v Speaker 7>inflationary demon, and you know the Fed has to do

0:17:52.320 --> 0:17:55.959
<v Speaker 7>all this sort of rate hikes to offset. And in hindsight,

0:17:56.040 --> 0:17:58.280
<v Speaker 7>there wasn't really a monetary offset. They ended up doing

0:17:58.400 --> 0:17:59.920
<v Speaker 7>more or less what they were planning to do. So,

0:18:00.800 --> 0:18:03.600
<v Speaker 7>you know, I just think it's it's important to kind

0:18:03.640 --> 0:18:05.960
<v Speaker 7>of try to separate these things out and just sort

0:18:06.000 --> 0:18:07.520
<v Speaker 7>of take the world as it comes to you. I

0:18:07.520 --> 0:18:10.440
<v Speaker 7>think that's as opposed to trying to forecast in front

0:18:10.520 --> 0:18:12.640
<v Speaker 7>run sort of potential fiscal outcomes.

0:18:12.640 --> 0:18:13.320
<v Speaker 3>I mean, if you're the.

0:18:13.240 --> 0:18:16.960
<v Speaker 4>FITZV, do you see anyone, Well, you're back down to

0:18:17.000 --> 0:18:17.639
<v Speaker 4>fifty percent.

0:18:18.119 --> 0:18:18.960
<v Speaker 6>How did that happen?

0:18:20.320 --> 0:18:21.000
<v Speaker 3>We've fallen.

0:18:22.080 --> 0:18:25.040
<v Speaker 4>Someone hit the cell and apparently the order book must

0:18:25.080 --> 0:18:26.439
<v Speaker 4>not be They're like, all right, I'm going to take

0:18:26.480 --> 0:18:28.760
<v Speaker 4>my profits at ninety six percent. And I guess the

0:18:28.880 --> 0:18:32.480
<v Speaker 4>order book was pretty thin because whoever just sold you like,

0:18:32.600 --> 0:18:35.640
<v Speaker 4>really got a bad price on that, So you shouldn't

0:18:35.640 --> 0:18:37.919
<v Speaker 4>have sold whoever that was.

0:18:39.480 --> 0:18:44.399
<v Speaker 3>Oh okay, there you go. Yeah, it gotta get we

0:18:44.440 --> 0:18:45.480
<v Speaker 3>gotta get some liquidity.

0:18:45.480 --> 0:18:49.680
<v Speaker 4>Here is anyone doing, like, do you see people in

0:18:49.760 --> 0:18:54.320
<v Speaker 4>your world trading cross between the prediction markets and the

0:18:54.359 --> 0:18:57.320
<v Speaker 4>real the real markets, I don't know what to call them,

0:18:57.800 --> 0:18:59.639
<v Speaker 4>oh market, you know. Do you see much of that

0:18:59.760 --> 0:19:02.720
<v Speaker 4>where it is like, you know, this should this level

0:19:02.800 --> 0:19:05.320
<v Speaker 4>of confidence in Trump is not consistent with this thing

0:19:05.359 --> 0:19:08.399
<v Speaker 4>we're seeing in I don't know, bitcoin or something like that.

0:19:08.480 --> 0:19:09.240
<v Speaker 3>Are you seeing much of that?

0:19:09.640 --> 0:19:13.359
<v Speaker 6>So you earlier asked what happens on election night, and

0:19:13.359 --> 0:19:15.440
<v Speaker 6>what happens on election night is that the odds will

0:19:15.480 --> 0:19:19.520
<v Speaker 6>move dramatically and they will respond very quickly to every

0:19:19.560 --> 0:19:22.600
<v Speaker 6>piece of news. And there's both the reaction that happens

0:19:22.800 --> 0:19:24.919
<v Speaker 6>when the news is available to those who are paying attention.

0:19:25.040 --> 0:19:27.320
<v Speaker 6>So like if the counties file their numbers online, there's

0:19:27.320 --> 0:19:29.040
<v Speaker 6>some people who are downloading the information from the counties

0:19:29.080 --> 0:19:30.879
<v Speaker 6>and they have their spreadsheets ready and they're analyzing all

0:19:30.880 --> 0:19:33.200
<v Speaker 6>the details and they're trying to stay ahead of the game.

0:19:33.600 --> 0:19:35.080
<v Speaker 6>And then there are the people who are watching the

0:19:35.080 --> 0:19:38.240
<v Speaker 6>news and they're like, oh, they've network called Wisconsin and

0:19:38.240 --> 0:19:40.159
<v Speaker 6>then they suddenly you know, the money comes in.

0:19:40.240 --> 0:19:42.760
<v Speaker 4>But of course it's kind of embarrassing, isn't it, Like

0:19:42.840 --> 0:19:45.800
<v Speaker 4>I remember that last time, Like the people always following

0:19:45.840 --> 0:19:49.399
<v Speaker 4>on Twitter clearly new stuff before the official calls, and

0:19:49.520 --> 0:19:52.560
<v Speaker 4>yet the market seem to react to the calls in

0:19:52.600 --> 0:19:53.720
<v Speaker 4>many cases.

0:19:53.680 --> 0:19:55.480
<v Speaker 6>That's right, So if if you know what the calls

0:19:55.520 --> 0:19:57.480
<v Speaker 6>are going to be, you can clearly make some money

0:19:57.520 --> 0:20:01.000
<v Speaker 6>by doing something before the market moves. But this is

0:20:01.040 --> 0:20:03.360
<v Speaker 6>often true of that there's there's one set of people

0:20:03.400 --> 0:20:05.200
<v Speaker 6>who have one set of information and those lot of

0:20:05.240 --> 0:20:06.840
<v Speaker 6>people who have a different set of information, which is

0:20:07.560 --> 0:20:11.120
<v Speaker 6>coming to them slower. Right, they're more square action, they're

0:20:11.160 --> 0:20:15.119
<v Speaker 6>more less sophisticated, and they still help make the market

0:20:15.160 --> 0:20:18.960
<v Speaker 6>more accurate in general, but they're often predictable somewhat in advance.

0:20:19.920 --> 0:20:23.080
<v Speaker 6>But they're all transaction cost about Neil, I know, people

0:20:23.080 --> 0:20:25.639
<v Speaker 6>only have so much capital, Like all the major players

0:20:25.640 --> 0:20:27.840
<v Speaker 6>on election night are going to be somewhat capital constrained

0:20:28.200 --> 0:20:31.160
<v Speaker 6>in the prediction markets because they're often going to see

0:20:31.160 --> 0:20:32.959
<v Speaker 6>there's some sort of systematic miss pricing, there's some sort

0:20:33.000 --> 0:20:35.119
<v Speaker 6>of opportunity and they're going to have to watch their

0:20:35.119 --> 0:20:37.760
<v Speaker 6>bankrolls and make sure they don't spend too much. Right,

0:20:37.880 --> 0:20:40.760
<v Speaker 6>So in a situation where everyone's looking for these big

0:20:40.760 --> 0:20:43.520
<v Speaker 6>miss pricings, but then like you have these different waves

0:20:43.560 --> 0:20:45.639
<v Speaker 6>and then one of the things that you notice is

0:20:45.680 --> 0:20:49.320
<v Speaker 6>the early movement on the prediction markets is often actually

0:20:49.359 --> 0:20:52.200
<v Speaker 6>ahead of the financial market movements and things like currency

0:20:52.520 --> 0:20:54.760
<v Speaker 6>things that are open and you can in fact make

0:20:54.800 --> 0:20:57.880
<v Speaker 6>money for real if you are watching about this, because

0:20:57.880 --> 0:20:59.760
<v Speaker 6>the beta thing is real. Right, so like you go

0:20:59.800 --> 0:21:01.720
<v Speaker 6>touch not you say, okay, what is going to be

0:21:01.760 --> 0:21:06.320
<v Speaker 6>the trump you know beta for everything in the world, right,

0:21:06.400 --> 0:21:10.399
<v Speaker 6>every currency exchange, every index that's still trading, whatever you

0:21:10.400 --> 0:21:13.000
<v Speaker 6>can get and if it was going on during market hours,

0:21:13.000 --> 0:21:14.240
<v Speaker 6>it would be so much more fun.

0:21:15.200 --> 0:21:18.800
<v Speaker 2>Wait, who's actually trading on the prediction markets? Like walk

0:21:18.880 --> 0:21:21.520
<v Speaker 2>us through the typical person who's doing this and whether

0:21:21.600 --> 0:21:25.119
<v Speaker 2>or not that introduces some bias into the probabilities because

0:21:25.119 --> 0:21:28.320
<v Speaker 2>I imagine, you know, for something like poly market, you

0:21:28.359 --> 0:21:30.359
<v Speaker 2>have to have a VPN, you have to be somewhat

0:21:30.640 --> 0:21:35.399
<v Speaker 2>crypto literate. L Yeah, so like does that influence some

0:21:35.440 --> 0:21:36.600
<v Speaker 2>of the numbers that we're seeing.

0:21:36.800 --> 0:21:40.560
<v Speaker 6>So you could be a French multi millionaire. You could

0:21:40.600 --> 0:21:43.639
<v Speaker 6>be a Scottish teen is the other traditional joke. But

0:21:43.880 --> 0:21:46.240
<v Speaker 6>the answer is, you know, all types of people around

0:21:46.280 --> 0:21:48.760
<v Speaker 6>the world are getting into it, but yes, because it's

0:21:48.800 --> 0:21:52.880
<v Speaker 6>poly market. You see a difference between poly market and say,

0:21:53.000 --> 0:21:55.879
<v Speaker 6>you know Calshi or you know these other sources predict

0:21:55.880 --> 0:21:59.120
<v Speaker 6>it that are allowing Americans in and that aren't crypto,

0:21:59.280 --> 0:22:04.280
<v Speaker 6>because there's absolutely a bias in who has easier access

0:22:04.440 --> 0:22:07.359
<v Speaker 6>to polymarket, who wants to get involved in poly market,

0:22:07.359 --> 0:22:10.159
<v Speaker 6>who's eager to do that, and that bias is favoring

0:22:10.200 --> 0:22:12.119
<v Speaker 6>Trump this year, Trump is much more for a crypto.

0:22:12.560 --> 0:22:15.720
<v Speaker 6>You see these associations in various different ways. So polymarket

0:22:15.760 --> 0:22:19.320
<v Speaker 6>has been several points stronger for Trump than other similar

0:22:19.359 --> 0:22:22.359
<v Speaker 6>prediction markets. And you could also of course argue that like, no,

0:22:22.400 --> 0:22:24.600
<v Speaker 6>it's polymarket, that's fine, and then everyone else is biased

0:22:24.680 --> 0:22:26.400
<v Speaker 6>and like you know, who is really to say?

0:22:26.760 --> 0:22:28.120
<v Speaker 3>You're up to ninety eight point six.

0:22:28.160 --> 0:22:32.399
<v Speaker 4>Now, Scanna, tell us more about what specifically you're going

0:22:32.480 --> 0:22:35.439
<v Speaker 4>to be watching. You mentioned the rural urban splits that

0:22:35.600 --> 0:22:39.080
<v Speaker 4>even in the red areas we may get signal from

0:22:39.240 --> 0:22:42.359
<v Speaker 4>some of these things. Are there bell weather counties that

0:22:42.440 --> 0:22:45.680
<v Speaker 4>are useful to watch Wakeosha County, Wisconsin is like a

0:22:46.400 --> 0:22:49.560
<v Speaker 4>crucial Waukeasha County. Now you're done to fifty percent? Uh?

0:22:49.680 --> 0:22:51.520
<v Speaker 4>Is there anything like that? Like what a what are

0:22:51.600 --> 0:22:53.320
<v Speaker 4>talk more about? How you're going to be consuming the

0:22:53.359 --> 0:22:54.160
<v Speaker 4>information to man?

0:22:54.359 --> 0:22:54.679
<v Speaker 3>Yeah?

0:22:54.800 --> 0:22:59.320
<v Speaker 8>Bell Weather counties are basically fake, right, So like what matters?

0:22:59.720 --> 0:23:02.080
<v Speaker 8>Like you can have We've had a twenty twenty twenty

0:23:02.080 --> 0:23:04.679
<v Speaker 8>sixteen where the p packing, isn't it.

0:23:04.640 --> 0:23:08.800
<v Speaker 4>Because you can always find some county that always vote

0:23:08.800 --> 0:23:10.760
<v Speaker 4>for the winner but doesn't necessarily manage.

0:23:11.040 --> 0:23:13.600
<v Speaker 8>I mean we have every county is moving somewhere at

0:23:13.640 --> 0:23:16.120
<v Speaker 8>the margin, right, and every marginal vote counts. So if

0:23:16.240 --> 0:23:19.480
<v Speaker 8>like let's say Harris is really well at just trimming

0:23:19.520 --> 0:23:21.960
<v Speaker 8>Trump's margins and rural counties, that's like a big deal.

0:23:22.119 --> 0:23:24.440
<v Speaker 8>In the same way that Trump's ability to amplify them

0:23:24.680 --> 0:23:27.840
<v Speaker 8>in twenty twenty was very underrated by the polls, by

0:23:28.200 --> 0:23:31.440
<v Speaker 8>general expectations among forecasters that he was able to scale

0:23:31.520 --> 0:23:34.960
<v Speaker 8>rural turnout even the percent margins, which people obsess about.

0:23:35.280 --> 0:23:38.880
<v Speaker 8>Percentage margins in a lot of deep red counties did

0:23:39.040 --> 0:23:42.359
<v Speaker 8>narrow in twenty twenty, but just because turnout was ramped

0:23:42.440 --> 0:23:45.560
<v Speaker 8>up even further, Trump got more margin and so a

0:23:45.560 --> 0:23:47.240
<v Speaker 8>lot of states were a lot closer than what the

0:23:47.240 --> 0:23:49.880
<v Speaker 8>polls predicted. You find your ways to cluster the counties,

0:23:50.119 --> 0:23:53.560
<v Speaker 8>whether it's an urban, suburban, ext urban, rural, whatever way

0:23:53.600 --> 0:23:58.040
<v Speaker 8>you want to swing it, that cluster every single one matters, right,

0:23:58.080 --> 0:23:59.639
<v Speaker 8>every part of it. Like there's going to be some

0:23:59.680 --> 0:24:04.040
<v Speaker 8>movement among the urban counties those that among that are

0:24:04.080 --> 0:24:07.479
<v Speaker 8>trending blue, and every vote counts on either on all

0:24:07.480 --> 0:24:09.199
<v Speaker 8>of them. So it doesn't really make a lot of

0:24:09.200 --> 0:24:13.040
<v Speaker 8>sense to like obsess about a particular county where if

0:24:13.040 --> 0:24:15.080
<v Speaker 8>it slips from red to blue, that can happen at

0:24:15.119 --> 0:24:17.720
<v Speaker 8>the exact same time a bunch of red counties that

0:24:17.760 --> 0:24:19.199
<v Speaker 8>are deep red become even redder.

0:24:19.400 --> 0:24:20.960
<v Speaker 5>And that's like what happened in Florida for example.

0:24:21.000 --> 0:24:23.880
<v Speaker 8>Right, So we had a like Pinelli's County was highlighted

0:24:23.880 --> 0:24:26.320
<v Speaker 8>as that chooses the winner. It wasn't in twenty sixteen.

0:24:26.320 --> 0:24:29.160
<v Speaker 8>It was Hillsborough County and that wasn't right. So these

0:24:29.240 --> 0:24:31.560
<v Speaker 8>these flip blue and it didn't really matter. And it's

0:24:31.600 --> 0:24:33.359
<v Speaker 8>just that's a good warning for a lot of this

0:24:33.400 --> 0:24:34.400
<v Speaker 8>election I coverage.

0:24:34.880 --> 0:24:35.160
<v Speaker 9>Neil.

0:24:35.240 --> 0:24:37.840
<v Speaker 2>I know one of your favorite things to do is

0:24:37.880 --> 0:24:42.080
<v Speaker 2>to tear apart the ism Manufacturing survey. What happened to

0:24:42.440 --> 0:24:48.199
<v Speaker 2>the vibes like the soft data post the election, and

0:24:48.200 --> 0:24:51.320
<v Speaker 2>how should we measure it? I guess not the ism clearly.

0:24:52.119 --> 0:24:54.280
<v Speaker 7>Well, I mean you mean when right.

0:24:54.160 --> 0:24:56.639
<v Speaker 2>Now, no, after the election, next week?

0:24:57.960 --> 0:25:00.440
<v Speaker 7>I mean I think you would. I would expect to

0:25:00.480 --> 0:25:03.720
<v Speaker 7>see a pretty meaningful increase in consumer confidence and small

0:25:03.760 --> 0:25:07.119
<v Speaker 7>business sentiment, primarily because you know, small business sentiment. I

0:25:07.119 --> 0:25:10.720
<v Speaker 7>mean that survey really skews you know, I mean, think

0:25:10.720 --> 0:25:12.719
<v Speaker 7>about who's putting it out. It's the NFIB. What do

0:25:12.760 --> 0:25:15.000
<v Speaker 7>they do. They're a lobbying an organization on behalf of

0:25:15.520 --> 0:25:18.920
<v Speaker 7>you know, sort of right wing causes. So my sense

0:25:19.000 --> 0:25:21.280
<v Speaker 7>is that the small business sentiment number would go up

0:25:21.320 --> 0:25:23.920
<v Speaker 7>a lot, consumer confidence would probably go up a lot too.

0:25:24.400 --> 0:25:27.520
<v Speaker 7>Whether that actually translates into real consumer spending, I have

0:25:27.640 --> 0:25:29.800
<v Speaker 7>my doubts, but that's kind of what you saw after

0:25:29.880 --> 0:25:33.879
<v Speaker 7>the twenty sixteen period, right And similarly, you saw a

0:25:33.880 --> 0:25:37.440
<v Speaker 7>big decline in sentiment after you know, after the twenty

0:25:37.480 --> 0:25:41.600
<v Speaker 7>twenty election, but again that didn't really translate into what

0:25:41.720 --> 0:25:45.080
<v Speaker 7>people were actually doing. So, you know, I think twenty

0:25:45.080 --> 0:25:48.040
<v Speaker 7>sixteen was an interesting case because things like the ism

0:25:48.040 --> 0:25:51.040
<v Speaker 7>which you mentioned, I mean Trump was coming into office

0:25:51.080 --> 0:25:53.320
<v Speaker 7>at that time at the front edge of sort of

0:25:53.359 --> 0:25:57.520
<v Speaker 7>a global manufacturing recovery. So this is, you know, the

0:25:57.560 --> 0:25:59.480
<v Speaker 7>so called sort of Trump boom. I mean that was

0:26:00.640 --> 0:26:02.680
<v Speaker 7>it was an Abe boom, and it was a you're

0:26:02.760 --> 0:26:04.520
<v Speaker 7>you know, you saw that in a Macron boom. I

0:26:04.520 --> 0:26:06.320
<v Speaker 7>mean it was everyone was kind of feeling it at

0:26:06.400 --> 0:26:09.320
<v Speaker 7>at the time, so it wasn't just us specific.

0:26:09.280 --> 0:26:10.000
<v Speaker 3>This time around.

0:26:10.040 --> 0:26:13.199
<v Speaker 7>I mean, manufacturing frankly looks a little sluggish. I mean

0:26:13.240 --> 0:26:15.400
<v Speaker 7>there there hasn't really been much. There's been a lot

0:26:15.400 --> 0:26:20.480
<v Speaker 7>of construction of manufacturing facilities, and I know Scan's Scanda

0:26:20.480 --> 0:26:22.879
<v Speaker 7>has been pointing that out quite a bit, but but

0:26:22.920 --> 0:26:25.879
<v Speaker 7>if you look at actual manufacturing production, you know, it

0:26:25.880 --> 0:26:27.399
<v Speaker 7>hasn't really been great shakes.

0:26:28.040 --> 0:26:31.280
<v Speaker 4>Is election uncertainty and you see this like in the

0:26:31.359 --> 0:26:34.560
<v Speaker 4>anecdotal comments on some of these surveys, whether it's the

0:26:34.600 --> 0:26:37.400
<v Speaker 4>is M or the Dallas FED, which always has very

0:26:37.400 --> 0:26:43.080
<v Speaker 4>colorful anecdotal aspects. Is election uncertainty real or is that

0:26:43.520 --> 0:26:47.359
<v Speaker 4>just a code word for people who preferred Trump hoping

0:26:47.400 --> 0:26:49.520
<v Speaker 4>that that's the outcome and then that maybe changing their

0:26:49.520 --> 0:26:50.679
<v Speaker 4>outcome out their outlook.

0:26:51.359 --> 0:26:53.560
<v Speaker 5>I'm sure it's probably both. I think there's like something.

0:26:53.480 --> 0:26:55.879
<v Speaker 3>I really deals not happening. He's like, I don't, we

0:26:55.920 --> 0:26:56.159
<v Speaker 3>don't know.

0:26:56.800 --> 0:26:58.439
<v Speaker 8>I think, like, I'm serious, but we'll think about all

0:26:58.440 --> 0:27:00.639
<v Speaker 8>the enacted legislation. Right, So, if you say there's like,

0:27:00.920 --> 0:27:03.960
<v Speaker 8>if let's say Ira, maybe parts of chips that have

0:27:04.040 --> 0:27:07.240
<v Speaker 8>come up under scrutiny or parts of the infrastructure wal

0:27:07.359 --> 0:27:09.720
<v Speaker 8>if these are all things that are cast as these

0:27:09.720 --> 0:27:13.200
<v Speaker 8>were all left wing items that Biden passed, and if

0:27:13.200 --> 0:27:14.800
<v Speaker 8>it's like depends on whether Trump's going to be an

0:27:14.840 --> 0:27:16.719
<v Speaker 8>office or not. If you perceive it as like, well

0:27:16.760 --> 0:27:19.240
<v Speaker 8>it's a fifty fifty proposition. If Harris is in place,

0:27:19.520 --> 0:27:21.400
<v Speaker 8>then it's goin to stick. If Trump's in.

0:27:21.320 --> 0:27:22.800
<v Speaker 5>Place, it may or may not stick.

0:27:23.200 --> 0:27:24.919
<v Speaker 8>Then I can actually see like a case for like,

0:27:25.000 --> 0:27:27.560
<v Speaker 8>if you have any business attached to a government contract

0:27:27.640 --> 0:27:29.960
<v Speaker 8>or a government subsidy that might actually be genuine.

0:27:30.240 --> 0:27:32.320
<v Speaker 5>I think that I think there's also some partisanship.

0:27:33.640 --> 0:27:35.760
<v Speaker 7>I think generally speaking in my career, I mean, you

0:27:36.160 --> 0:27:39.679
<v Speaker 7>talk about these sort of formal measures of policy uncertainty,

0:27:39.720 --> 0:27:43.000
<v Speaker 7>like the one from Nicholas Bloom that's widely cited. My

0:27:43.359 --> 0:27:46.159
<v Speaker 7>experience is that when that index is high, it's usually

0:27:46.200 --> 0:27:48.679
<v Speaker 7>a time to go long equities right when so, so

0:27:48.720 --> 0:27:51.840
<v Speaker 7>when policy uncertainty is high, it's usually a time to

0:27:51.840 --> 0:27:54.080
<v Speaker 7>dip your toe into the market. It's a buying opportunity

0:27:54.119 --> 0:27:55.560
<v Speaker 7>for stock historic.

0:28:12.040 --> 0:28:13.720
<v Speaker 2>Can we go out in the line and talk about

0:28:13.720 --> 0:28:16.640
<v Speaker 2>like what everyone's day is actually going to look like tomorrow?

0:28:16.720 --> 0:28:20.240
<v Speaker 2>Like how are you spending the election? Let's start with Neil.

0:28:21.240 --> 0:28:23.679
<v Speaker 7>So, like I said, I mean, the election is actually

0:28:23.680 --> 0:28:25.720
<v Speaker 7>a very small part of what I try to do

0:28:25.760 --> 0:28:28.480
<v Speaker 7>on a day to day basis. I'll probably i mean

0:28:28.600 --> 0:28:30.679
<v Speaker 7>just a front run aer. I'll probably be spending some

0:28:30.720 --> 0:28:32.639
<v Speaker 7>of my spare hours working on this piece that I

0:28:32.680 --> 0:28:33.560
<v Speaker 7>was talking to you about.

0:28:33.800 --> 0:28:36.399
<v Speaker 4>You we have a new daily odd Latch newsletter, and

0:28:36.440 --> 0:28:38.560
<v Speaker 4>Neil has promised to be one of the contributors, and

0:28:38.600 --> 0:28:39.880
<v Speaker 4>so we have a piece coming from him.

0:28:39.960 --> 0:28:42.280
<v Speaker 7>So it just sort of gives me an opportunity to

0:28:42.400 --> 0:28:44.160
<v Speaker 7>kind of take a step back because I have no edge.

0:28:44.160 --> 0:28:46.080
<v Speaker 7>I don't try to pretend to have an edge on

0:28:46.280 --> 0:28:50.000
<v Speaker 7>political stuff. And you know, one of the things I've

0:28:50.000 --> 0:28:52.760
<v Speaker 7>been thinking about is just the sort of you know,

0:28:52.800 --> 0:28:55.400
<v Speaker 7>this neutral interest rate. I mean, you know, FET's talking

0:28:55.440 --> 0:28:58.840
<v Speaker 7>about it all the time and just exploring the ideas.

0:28:58.880 --> 0:29:01.600
<v Speaker 7>They're like a dual neutral rate. I mean, for example,

0:29:01.680 --> 0:29:06.240
<v Speaker 7>the neutral rate for housing, I mean whatever it is

0:29:06.280 --> 0:29:08.320
<v Speaker 7>that it's not working. I mean, housing is not working

0:29:08.360 --> 0:29:10.680
<v Speaker 7>with mortgage rates here, So the neutral rate for housing

0:29:10.720 --> 0:29:13.800
<v Speaker 7>is clearly a lot lower than maybe it is for

0:29:13.920 --> 0:29:17.160
<v Speaker 7>say the housing I mean the labor market.

0:29:17.160 --> 0:29:17.560
<v Speaker 6>I don't know.

0:29:17.600 --> 0:29:20.080
<v Speaker 7>I mean so did and so if if if you

0:29:20.120 --> 0:29:21.880
<v Speaker 7>sort of buy into that, I mean, it would imply

0:29:22.000 --> 0:29:24.840
<v Speaker 7>that the FED needs to do a bit more to

0:29:24.960 --> 0:29:27.480
<v Speaker 7>get you know, certain areas of the economy going. And

0:29:27.520 --> 0:29:30.560
<v Speaker 7>if the Fed's lost the ability to stimulate housing, you know,

0:29:30.600 --> 0:29:32.680
<v Speaker 7>I think that that's a that's a potential problem. So

0:29:32.720 --> 0:29:35.160
<v Speaker 7>I'll probably be focusing more of my time on that

0:29:35.360 --> 0:29:39.120
<v Speaker 7>as opposed to checking out the returns in I don't

0:29:39.160 --> 0:29:40.960
<v Speaker 7>know what is it, Cuyahoga County or something.

0:29:44.160 --> 0:29:47.600
<v Speaker 8>I too am working on a piece for thover that

0:29:47.600 --> 0:29:51.000
<v Speaker 8>that that that sir forthcoming as well on productivity. But

0:29:52.160 --> 0:29:56.240
<v Speaker 8>I look, elections are people like numbers changing and like

0:29:56.280 --> 0:29:58.640
<v Speaker 8>following them, which is probably most of you, I'm gonna

0:29:58.640 --> 0:30:03.160
<v Speaker 8>guess on some level. If you're interested in finance and markets, Yeah,

0:30:03.200 --> 0:30:05.680
<v Speaker 8>it's just a fun exercise of like seeing.

0:30:05.400 --> 0:30:06.560
<v Speaker 5>How margins shift.

0:30:07.000 --> 0:30:09.400
<v Speaker 8>I have some spreadsheets prepared for myself just to kind

0:30:09.400 --> 0:30:11.840
<v Speaker 8>of track things if the New York Times needle isn't

0:30:11.880 --> 0:30:14.240
<v Speaker 8>up and running, and yeah, I'll probably take it easy

0:30:14.280 --> 0:30:15.960
<v Speaker 8>in the day, but I'll maybe I'll catch a nap

0:30:15.960 --> 0:30:16.360
<v Speaker 8>and then.

0:30:16.200 --> 0:30:18.920
<v Speaker 5>I will probably be up till at least three am.

0:30:19.080 --> 0:30:22.800
<v Speaker 6>So as a writer, I want people to read what

0:30:22.920 --> 0:30:24.360
<v Speaker 6>I'm writing, and I want them to think about it

0:30:24.400 --> 0:30:26.200
<v Speaker 6>and pay attention to it and learn from it, and

0:30:26.240 --> 0:30:29.840
<v Speaker 6>I want to influence them. So this past week has

0:30:29.920 --> 0:30:32.719
<v Speaker 6>been a case of if I write about something, no

0:30:32.720 --> 0:30:34.680
<v Speaker 6>one's going to pay much attention to it because they're

0:30:34.720 --> 0:30:37.680
<v Speaker 6>going to be focused on the election. And so I

0:30:37.960 --> 0:30:42.000
<v Speaker 6>kind of take this time off because I'm not going

0:30:42.080 --> 0:30:44.000
<v Speaker 6>to try and put anything up except for my weekly

0:30:44.080 --> 0:30:47.960
<v Speaker 6>update until after the election is settled. So instead I've

0:30:48.000 --> 0:30:49.920
<v Speaker 6>had a chance to like program some tools that are

0:30:49.920 --> 0:30:51.800
<v Speaker 6>going to help me write over the long term. I

0:30:51.880 --> 0:30:54.440
<v Speaker 6>might go see a movie, have a nice long lunch,

0:30:54.880 --> 0:30:57.280
<v Speaker 6>you know, relax, and then of course in the evening

0:30:57.360 --> 0:30:59.600
<v Speaker 6>I'm going to absolutely be following. I'll have the prediction

0:30:59.720 --> 0:31:02.160
<v Speaker 6>markets up in various windows and various devices.

0:31:02.240 --> 0:31:03.400
<v Speaker 3>How many screens do you have?

0:31:04.280 --> 0:31:06.320
<v Speaker 6>I have three thirty inch screens, so I have I

0:31:06.360 --> 0:31:09.680
<v Speaker 6>have one horizontal and two vertical on the two sides. Yeah,

0:31:10.560 --> 0:31:12.520
<v Speaker 6>the trader you have six. But now that I'm trying

0:31:12.560 --> 0:31:14.560
<v Speaker 6>to stay away from that, like I think that three

0:31:14.600 --> 0:31:16.680
<v Speaker 6>is about right. And so you know, about one of

0:31:16.720 --> 0:31:19.800
<v Speaker 6>them will probably be various prediction markets, especially Polymarket, and

0:31:19.960 --> 0:31:21.719
<v Speaker 6>various different markets within them, So you need a lot

0:31:21.720 --> 0:31:24.000
<v Speaker 6>of space. And then you know, you're watching the television

0:31:24.040 --> 0:31:27.000
<v Speaker 6>like everybody else, and you're watching Twitter, and you know

0:31:27.160 --> 0:31:30.040
<v Speaker 6>you're just trying to get through it and process it

0:31:30.080 --> 0:31:31.680
<v Speaker 6>because you know that, like even if you don't really

0:31:31.720 --> 0:31:34.200
<v Speaker 6>want to pay quose attention, Like, what else are you

0:31:34.240 --> 0:31:34.920
<v Speaker 6>going to do tonight?

0:31:34.960 --> 0:31:36.800
<v Speaker 3>Sorry? What else is anyone going to be doing?

0:31:37.600 --> 0:31:37.880
<v Speaker 5>Wait?

0:31:37.920 --> 0:31:41.360
<v Speaker 4>Real quickly, why is there not Why has the spread

0:31:41.400 --> 0:31:43.680
<v Speaker 4>on some of these markets between the say Kelsey and

0:31:43.920 --> 0:31:45.280
<v Speaker 4>Polymarket not been harbed away.

0:31:45.960 --> 0:31:48.200
<v Speaker 3>What is the constraint to free money?

0:31:48.520 --> 0:31:51.320
<v Speaker 6>The constraints is liquidity and access to the market, and

0:31:51.360 --> 0:31:54.040
<v Speaker 6>the capital costs of committing the capitol to multiple places

0:31:54.040 --> 0:31:56.680
<v Speaker 6>moving the money in and out. You know, everyone's kind

0:31:56.680 --> 0:31:58.640
<v Speaker 6>of a little bit terrified every time they initiate any

0:31:58.640 --> 0:32:00.400
<v Speaker 6>crypto transaction that somehow they don't and it's going to

0:32:00.440 --> 0:32:02.520
<v Speaker 6>finish or something wrong is going to happen. I mean,

0:32:02.600 --> 0:32:05.600
<v Speaker 6>it's it's very very unlikely in any given transaction it's

0:32:05.600 --> 0:32:09.320
<v Speaker 6>going to happen. But you know, I definitely have an opinion.

0:32:09.400 --> 0:32:10.600
<v Speaker 6>By the way, I want to be clear, like when

0:32:10.600 --> 0:32:12.760
<v Speaker 6>I say, like who knows which one is wrong? I

0:32:13.200 --> 0:32:17.400
<v Speaker 6>very strongly believe that the poly market line is the

0:32:17.400 --> 0:32:19.600
<v Speaker 6>one that is biased in the situation due to the

0:32:19.720 --> 0:32:22.760
<v Speaker 6>access issues, Whereas I think that the line at the

0:32:22.800 --> 0:32:26.040
<v Speaker 6>other markets is much more effective of what the line

0:32:26.120 --> 0:32:27.240
<v Speaker 6>kind of showed in some air quotes.

0:32:27.280 --> 0:32:32.640
<v Speaker 4>Sense be actually real quickly, Skanda, Since you mentioned productivity

0:32:33.040 --> 0:32:35.520
<v Speaker 4>and I know you have some thoughts on productivities via

0:32:35.560 --> 0:32:38.000
<v Speaker 4>In fact, you just mentioned coding up some tools to

0:32:38.000 --> 0:32:40.840
<v Speaker 4>make your life as a writing easier, I think you

0:32:40.920 --> 0:32:43.080
<v Speaker 4>both have some different You think we're going to have

0:32:43.160 --> 0:32:45.920
<v Speaker 4>like fifty percent GDP growth in the coming year on

0:32:46.000 --> 0:32:47.640
<v Speaker 4>year because of AI or something like that.

0:32:48.600 --> 0:32:50.960
<v Speaker 6>No, not fifty percent this year.

0:32:51.200 --> 0:32:54.880
<v Speaker 4>No, but no, like you give us the give us

0:32:54.920 --> 0:32:57.240
<v Speaker 4>the short the short synopsis of what you think is

0:32:57.280 --> 0:32:58.680
<v Speaker 4>coming for productivity growth.

0:32:59.240 --> 0:33:02.920
<v Speaker 6>I think that the the skeptical line on productivity growth

0:33:03.240 --> 0:33:06.440
<v Speaker 6>is we're talking about you know, percents per year every

0:33:06.520 --> 0:33:08.760
<v Speaker 6>year on the course of ten to twenty years. And

0:33:08.800 --> 0:33:11.320
<v Speaker 6>I think that's sort of the the ultimate barecase for AI.

0:33:11.400 --> 0:33:13.240
<v Speaker 6>It doesn't do what we want it or expect it

0:33:13.320 --> 0:33:17.560
<v Speaker 6>or hope it would do. And the bual case singularity

0:33:17.880 --> 0:33:20.320
<v Speaker 6>super intelligence, we're all completely transformed.

0:33:20.600 --> 0:33:23.400
<v Speaker 4>Great, Uh, it's Kanda, what's your what's the gist of

0:33:23.440 --> 0:33:26.400
<v Speaker 4>the productivity? And then also Neil, but what's the gist

0:33:26.400 --> 0:33:28.840
<v Speaker 4>of your productivity piece that you have coming for the

0:33:28.840 --> 0:33:30.200
<v Speaker 4>odd lasted daily newsletter.

0:33:30.400 --> 0:33:32.600
<v Speaker 8>Yes, so just speaking in terms of the realized data,

0:33:32.640 --> 0:33:34.880
<v Speaker 8>and I try to start from how the data measured,

0:33:35.160 --> 0:33:37.680
<v Speaker 8>what what are we actually capturing which may not be

0:33:37.760 --> 0:33:40.720
<v Speaker 8>indicative of sort of conceptually what we assay say the

0:33:40.720 --> 0:33:44.880
<v Speaker 8>productive productivity, but proctivity growth is actually outperformed post pandemic

0:33:45.000 --> 0:33:47.920
<v Speaker 8>in a pretty meaningful sense relative to what we were

0:33:47.920 --> 0:33:50.640
<v Speaker 8>seeing pre pandemics or pre pandemic was roughly one zero

0:33:50.680 --> 0:33:53.240
<v Speaker 8>point four percent. If it takes sort of longer look

0:33:53.280 --> 0:33:56.240
<v Speaker 8>backs and we've been done put post pandemic period something

0:33:56.280 --> 0:33:58.400
<v Speaker 8>like two percent. Maybe it's one point nine, maybe it's two.

0:33:58.800 --> 0:34:02.440
<v Speaker 8>But that's like on an anualize basis, that's pretty meaningful deviation.

0:34:03.120 --> 0:34:05.400
<v Speaker 8>And there are like a lot of reasons why but

0:34:05.480 --> 0:34:07.360
<v Speaker 8>I think that it all kind of has to come

0:34:07.400 --> 0:34:11.960
<v Speaker 8>back to, like the measured set of transactions inflation adjusted

0:34:12.320 --> 0:34:15.759
<v Speaker 8>divided by total hours worked. That is basically our most

0:34:15.760 --> 0:34:19.200
<v Speaker 8>measurable version of productivity. It comes with lots of flaws.

0:34:19.360 --> 0:34:23.040
<v Speaker 8>For example, Google maps that everyone uses on a day

0:34:23.040 --> 0:34:25.680
<v Speaker 8>to day basis, right, it's ads supported, Right, it's not

0:34:25.680 --> 0:34:29.240
<v Speaker 8>supported by a final expenditure. It should filter in somehow

0:34:29.280 --> 0:34:31.719
<v Speaker 8>into our productivity statistics, but we don't have a great

0:34:31.760 --> 0:34:33.720
<v Speaker 8>way of saying now and estimating.

0:34:33.760 --> 0:34:34.600
<v Speaker 5>That's actually really hard.

0:34:34.800 --> 0:34:36.440
<v Speaker 8>So for example, there's a lot of things that AI can

0:34:36.440 --> 0:34:37.920
<v Speaker 8>make our lives very efficient and the same way the

0:34:37.920 --> 0:34:41.240
<v Speaker 8>Internet's made our lives very efficient, but it didn't necessarily

0:34:41.280 --> 0:34:42.480
<v Speaker 8>lead to a lot of transactions.

0:34:42.800 --> 0:34:44.000
<v Speaker 5>And that's kind of the open question.

0:34:44.080 --> 0:34:47.520
<v Speaker 8>That's like, for a lot of AI breakthroughs, how that

0:34:47.640 --> 0:34:50.040
<v Speaker 8>leads to it may improve a lot of welfare, But

0:34:50.120 --> 0:34:52.520
<v Speaker 8>the actual nuts and bolts of how it leads to

0:34:52.600 --> 0:34:55.880
<v Speaker 8>more people spending in ways that are reflecting real things

0:34:55.920 --> 0:34:58.680
<v Speaker 8>and not price increases, that is like actually a big

0:34:58.719 --> 0:34:59.520
<v Speaker 8>part of the ballgame.

0:35:00.400 --> 0:35:05.439
<v Speaker 3>Neil An, your thoughts of productivity.

0:35:03.440 --> 0:35:05.319
<v Speaker 7>I mean, I agree with Scanda. The measure data is

0:35:05.320 --> 0:35:07.600
<v Speaker 7>what the measured data is or the data are I

0:35:07.640 --> 0:35:10.280
<v Speaker 7>mean's over it's you know, two percent, that's very strong.

0:35:10.400 --> 0:35:14.440
<v Speaker 7>I think for what that means for me is that basically,

0:35:15.120 --> 0:35:18.440
<v Speaker 7>this is one reason why we should not worry about inflation, okay,

0:35:18.520 --> 0:35:21.360
<v Speaker 7>and and that and that should give the FED, you know,

0:35:21.440 --> 0:35:24.040
<v Speaker 7>plenty of cover, right being, And this is something we

0:35:24.080 --> 0:35:26.680
<v Speaker 7>talked about earlier in the year, right is that it's

0:35:26.719 --> 0:35:28.680
<v Speaker 7>one thing to just see the inflation data it's going

0:35:28.760 --> 0:35:31.279
<v Speaker 7>up without having like a rational framework for why it's

0:35:31.280 --> 0:35:33.879
<v Speaker 7>going to keep doing that. And you know, the fact

0:35:33.920 --> 0:35:37.959
<v Speaker 7>that productivity has been fairly robust over the last year,

0:35:38.560 --> 0:35:41.160
<v Speaker 7>I think it means a couple things. Number One, we

0:35:41.160 --> 0:35:43.480
<v Speaker 7>should sort of resist the temptation to kind of buy

0:35:43.520 --> 0:35:46.520
<v Speaker 7>into the stagflation store. You can't really have stagflation of

0:35:46.600 --> 0:35:49.600
<v Speaker 7>productivity is doing what it's doing. But it also makes

0:35:49.960 --> 0:35:54.040
<v Speaker 7>the likelihood of like some inflation reacceleration highly unlikely as well,

0:35:54.080 --> 0:35:56.200
<v Speaker 7>like where is it coming from? Unit labor cost growth

0:35:56.600 --> 0:36:00.279
<v Speaker 7>over the last year is basically zero, So, you know,

0:36:00.320 --> 0:36:03.360
<v Speaker 7>for a FED that has a very labor market centric

0:36:03.480 --> 0:36:07.959
<v Speaker 7>view of how the inflationary process works, the robust growth

0:36:08.000 --> 0:36:10.440
<v Speaker 7>and productivity that we've seen, I think is an important

0:36:10.560 --> 0:36:15.359
<v Speaker 7>kind of you know story in terms of mitigating inflation risk.

0:36:16.600 --> 0:36:18.560
<v Speaker 2>If you had to choose, what would you say is

0:36:18.560 --> 0:36:22.600
<v Speaker 2>the biggest constraint for Trump and Harris both?

0:36:22.800 --> 0:36:22.880
<v Speaker 6>Like?

0:36:23.320 --> 0:36:26.680
<v Speaker 2>Is it political? You know, maybe like Harris gets in

0:36:26.719 --> 0:36:29.920
<v Speaker 2>and doesn't have a trifecta like maybe the Republicans would have.

0:36:30.000 --> 0:36:34.480
<v Speaker 2>Is it something like the deficit? Choose one for each.

0:36:34.560 --> 0:36:36.520
<v Speaker 7>Well, I mean, personally, I think that it's going to be.

0:36:37.320 --> 0:36:38.960
<v Speaker 7>I mean, the markets have been sort of like, oh,

0:36:39.000 --> 0:36:42.719
<v Speaker 7>the unified GOP. But I mean even if Trump, even

0:36:42.760 --> 0:36:44.640
<v Speaker 7>if it was to be a unified GOP government, the

0:36:44.680 --> 0:36:46.839
<v Speaker 7>margins in the House would still be very very thin.

0:36:46.920 --> 0:36:49.239
<v Speaker 7>It's not like they can just steamroll whatever the hell

0:36:49.239 --> 0:36:51.560
<v Speaker 7>he wants, you know, next year. But I would I

0:36:51.560 --> 0:36:53.839
<v Speaker 7>would probably say the bond markets the constrain. I mean,

0:36:53.880 --> 0:36:56.240
<v Speaker 7>you have to be worried about how what's the appetite

0:36:56.280 --> 0:36:58.200
<v Speaker 7>going to be in the fixed income market to fund

0:36:59.200 --> 0:37:03.440
<v Speaker 7>a huge sort of deficit, you know, spending plan.

0:37:04.800 --> 0:37:05.240
<v Speaker 2>Skanda.

0:37:05.960 --> 0:37:07.360
<v Speaker 5>I go back to the politics.

0:37:07.400 --> 0:37:10.640
<v Speaker 8>I think like American government makes it very hard to

0:37:10.680 --> 0:37:14.919
<v Speaker 8>pass things in general, and the wisdom of that where

0:37:14.920 --> 0:37:18.240
<v Speaker 8>everyone wants a debate. It's just even under a unified government.

0:37:18.280 --> 0:37:20.880
<v Speaker 8>To Neil's point, like Lisa Murkowski still has a lot

0:37:20.920 --> 0:37:23.279
<v Speaker 8>of leverage, Susan Collins has a lot of leverage.

0:37:23.480 --> 0:37:24.880
<v Speaker 5>They probably will pass some things.

0:37:24.960 --> 0:37:27.439
<v Speaker 8>It's easier to pass things under unified government than under

0:37:27.480 --> 0:37:31.960
<v Speaker 8>divide government. But that's probably still binding constraint. It was

0:37:32.000 --> 0:37:36.479
<v Speaker 8>the constraint on Biden in one twenty twenty two. I mean,

0:37:36.640 --> 0:37:38.520
<v Speaker 8>even though interest rates are going up, the real question

0:37:38.600 --> 0:37:40.920
<v Speaker 8>was was Joe Manchin willing to say yes to? And

0:37:41.000 --> 0:37:44.560
<v Speaker 8>so even if like we can debate how much, what's

0:37:44.600 --> 0:37:47.239
<v Speaker 8>the nature of public finance constraints? Oftentimes they are re

0:37:47.400 --> 0:37:50.840
<v Speaker 8>used ultimately to like the hardball legislative politics.

0:37:50.920 --> 0:37:52.960
<v Speaker 4>I've alluded to this before, and I don't want to

0:37:53.080 --> 0:37:55.319
<v Speaker 4>like let it shade my view, but I would like

0:37:55.360 --> 0:37:57.760
<v Speaker 4>mortgage rates to come down in the next two years.

0:37:58.560 --> 0:38:00.759
<v Speaker 4>Do we need to get do we need to like

0:38:00.880 --> 0:38:02.840
<v Speaker 4>do we need a spending crackdown? Do we need to

0:38:02.840 --> 0:38:06.440
<v Speaker 4>go into austerity mode to get mortgage rates back to

0:38:06.560 --> 0:38:09.560
<v Speaker 4>roughly somewhere on the ballpark of the twenty tens.

0:38:10.160 --> 0:38:11.520
<v Speaker 8>I mean, I would say, to the extent you can

0:38:11.560 --> 0:38:14.560
<v Speaker 8>free of real resources, right, yeah, I mean to the

0:38:14.560 --> 0:38:17.520
<v Speaker 8>extent that you're actually reducing inflation or getting the FED

0:38:17.520 --> 0:38:20.359
<v Speaker 8>to be more confident about the willingness to lower interest rates.

0:38:20.400 --> 0:38:21.960
<v Speaker 5>That would probably be the main methods.

0:38:21.960 --> 0:38:26.400
<v Speaker 4>I won't let my mortgage affect how I assess the economy.

0:38:26.400 --> 0:38:30.920
<v Speaker 8>But I'm just saying, yeah, but I think that's like

0:38:31.320 --> 0:38:33.240
<v Speaker 8>a tricky thing. You can do a lot of deficit

0:38:33.320 --> 0:38:35.440
<v Speaker 8>reduction that doesn't necessarily move the needle on inflation or

0:38:35.440 --> 0:38:38.839
<v Speaker 8>the fence reaction function. But like health care costs for example, right,

0:38:38.840 --> 0:38:40.400
<v Speaker 8>health care costs in general need.

0:38:40.280 --> 0:38:42.759
<v Speaker 5>To be constrained. They do have a pretty direct role

0:38:42.760 --> 0:38:43.840
<v Speaker 5>in inflation outcomes.

0:38:44.280 --> 0:38:46.480
<v Speaker 8>And because of those two things, that's a pretty strong

0:38:46.560 --> 0:38:49.799
<v Speaker 8>nexus for if we could reduce health care inflation by

0:38:50.360 --> 0:38:52.640
<v Speaker 8>half a percentage point each year, that would be a

0:38:52.719 --> 0:38:55.280
<v Speaker 8>very big deal for what the FED will We'll probably

0:38:55.280 --> 0:38:57.120
<v Speaker 8>get to the last mile of whatever the Fed's trying

0:38:57.120 --> 0:38:58.560
<v Speaker 8>to achieve. V.

0:38:59.560 --> 0:39:01.239
<v Speaker 4>Can you say a little bit more like about the

0:39:01.280 --> 0:39:05.600
<v Speaker 4>spreadsheets set up that and you scotn do you mentioned

0:39:05.600 --> 0:39:08.560
<v Speaker 4>your spreadsheets too? As that data is coming in tomorrow,

0:39:08.560 --> 0:39:10.000
<v Speaker 4>I mean, this is what we really care about, right,

0:39:10.040 --> 0:39:12.200
<v Speaker 4>Like the numbers start to come in, they get posted

0:39:12.239 --> 0:39:15.359
<v Speaker 4>on what secondary of state websites, et cetera. Like how

0:39:15.400 --> 0:39:20.120
<v Speaker 4>are the traders ingesting that in that process to be

0:39:20.200 --> 0:39:23.080
<v Speaker 4>ahead of like when the network's the cold Wisconsin.

0:39:23.600 --> 0:39:26.520
<v Speaker 6>So it's gonna vary a lot from trader to trader,

0:39:26.560 --> 0:39:29.840
<v Speaker 6>from house to house, and you know, a remarkably large

0:39:29.920 --> 0:39:32.799
<v Speaker 6>number of people just don't do this. And that's clear

0:39:32.880 --> 0:39:34.799
<v Speaker 6>by because you look at the financial markets over time,

0:39:34.840 --> 0:39:37.040
<v Speaker 6>like I haven't followed the most recent was like twenty

0:39:37.040 --> 0:39:39.600
<v Speaker 6>twenty two that carefully in terms of the reactions, but

0:39:39.840 --> 0:39:42.239
<v Speaker 6>you definitely see these delays, and like if there was

0:39:42.280 --> 0:39:44.280
<v Speaker 6>a lot of participants in the market who were keeping

0:39:44.400 --> 0:39:47.560
<v Speaker 6>close eyes and incorporating that money that information instantly, that

0:39:47.600 --> 0:39:51.240
<v Speaker 6>wouldn't happen. So the right ways to do it involve

0:39:51.320 --> 0:39:54.799
<v Speaker 6>things like setting up automatic interfaces with these websites to

0:39:54.920 --> 0:39:57.000
<v Speaker 6>just pull things into your spreadsheets. Right, so you have

0:39:57.040 --> 0:39:59.640
<v Speaker 6>your Excel spreadsheets that contain all of the county by

0:39:59.680 --> 0:40:03.120
<v Speaker 6>county data from all of the returns, and then ideally

0:40:03.280 --> 0:40:06.000
<v Speaker 6>you want to figure out what that implies about the results,

0:40:06.080 --> 0:40:08.319
<v Speaker 6>and the technically correct way to do that is a

0:40:08.600 --> 0:40:11.000
<v Speaker 6>basy in calculation. It takes a new account all the

0:40:11.000 --> 0:40:12.719
<v Speaker 6>information because you don't know which piece of information you're

0:40:12.719 --> 0:40:13.799
<v Speaker 6>going to get, so you need to know how to

0:40:13.800 --> 0:40:17.080
<v Speaker 6>feed them into your calculation, and then that should then

0:40:17.080 --> 0:40:20.200
<v Speaker 6>output a range of distributions with various probabilities of various

0:40:20.200 --> 0:40:22.239
<v Speaker 6>different outcomes, and you price that into your beta on

0:40:22.320 --> 0:40:24.640
<v Speaker 6>various things based on those elements, and you figure out

0:40:24.640 --> 0:40:25.960
<v Speaker 6>what the prices are supposed to be, and then you

0:40:26.000 --> 0:40:26.680
<v Speaker 6>make the good trades.

0:40:27.840 --> 0:40:30.640
<v Speaker 2>See weren't you at Jane Street before? What was an

0:40:30.680 --> 0:40:31.839
<v Speaker 2>election night? Like there?

0:40:33.440 --> 0:40:36.280
<v Speaker 6>Well, I mean all hands on deck, right, so everyone's there.

0:40:36.640 --> 0:40:40.879
<v Speaker 6>It's a working night, and you use what tools you have,

0:40:41.160 --> 0:40:45.960
<v Speaker 6>and you you know, use what instruments are available for

0:40:46.000 --> 0:40:47.440
<v Speaker 6>you to trade because it's the middle of the night.

0:40:47.520 --> 0:40:50.520
<v Speaker 6>So like you know, obviously if the US dock market

0:40:50.560 --> 0:40:54.040
<v Speaker 6>was opened, everything would be dramatically different. But you are

0:40:54.080 --> 0:40:55.120
<v Speaker 6>somewhat limited, right, I.

0:40:55.120 --> 0:40:59.640
<v Speaker 4>Have one last question as an AI productivity optimist, Like

0:40:59.680 --> 0:41:03.880
<v Speaker 4>I don't know anything about how to code a system

0:41:03.920 --> 0:41:05.880
<v Speaker 4>that will ingest all the data and set up a

0:41:05.880 --> 0:41:09.319
<v Speaker 4>basian model in your vision of what AI could do.

0:41:09.800 --> 0:41:11.880
<v Speaker 4>Can I in a couple of years, could I go

0:41:11.960 --> 0:41:14.200
<v Speaker 4>to Chad GBT and say, like, write the code that

0:41:14.280 --> 0:41:16.440
<v Speaker 4>will pull this in and then build some kind of model.

0:41:16.719 --> 0:41:17.479
<v Speaker 6>You can do that now?

0:41:17.760 --> 0:41:18.080
<v Speaker 9>All right?

0:41:18.560 --> 0:41:18.920
<v Speaker 6>All right?

0:41:20.000 --> 0:41:20.280
<v Speaker 3>Vs?

0:41:20.280 --> 0:41:24.160
<v Speaker 4>Skanda and Neil. Thank you so much. I feel prepared.

0:41:27.440 --> 0:41:30.040
<v Speaker 4>V is it ninety one percent? So there's still some

0:41:30.080 --> 0:41:31.920
<v Speaker 4>ambiguity about whether he was on stage.

0:41:31.719 --> 0:41:32.520
<v Speaker 2>Or We're still.

0:41:49.280 --> 0:41:49.680
<v Speaker 6>All right?

0:41:49.760 --> 0:41:53.960
<v Speaker 2>The final stretch here with Brad Setzer, Senior fellow at

0:41:53.960 --> 0:41:58.040
<v Speaker 2>the Council for Foreign Relations. Who better to tie up

0:41:58.239 --> 0:42:01.880
<v Speaker 2>all the disparate things we've been talking about in the

0:42:01.880 --> 0:42:06.560
<v Speaker 2>previous two sessions, then, Brad, we always enjoy speaking with

0:42:06.640 --> 0:42:11.080
<v Speaker 2>you because we can basically throw anything at these Yeah,

0:42:11.400 --> 0:42:13.439
<v Speaker 2>I'm pretty sure you might be close to the top

0:42:13.840 --> 0:42:17.040
<v Speaker 2>for number of odd loots appearances. But why don't we

0:42:17.080 --> 0:42:19.800
<v Speaker 2>start with something really specific? Because you published a paper

0:42:19.840 --> 0:42:24.120
<v Speaker 2>recently all about globalization. The title is the Surprising Resilience

0:42:24.160 --> 0:42:30.319
<v Speaker 2>of Globalization, an examination of claims of Economic fragmentation, and

0:42:30.360 --> 0:42:34.200
<v Speaker 2>your conclusion was basically that we are still globalizing, and

0:42:34.200 --> 0:42:37.959
<v Speaker 2>to some extent since twenty sixteen, we've globalized even more.

0:42:38.120 --> 0:42:39.960
<v Speaker 2>Walk us through how you come to that.

0:42:41.280 --> 0:42:44.120
<v Speaker 9>Well, First, thanks for inviting me, and thanks for asking

0:42:44.120 --> 0:42:47.000
<v Speaker 9>me about my recent paper. You are the first person

0:42:47.040 --> 0:42:48.880
<v Speaker 9>who actually seems to have read the whole title.

0:42:49.400 --> 0:42:52.040
<v Speaker 2>I promise I did actually read it. I read it

0:42:52.080 --> 0:42:55.359
<v Speaker 2>earlier today, but I'm.

0:42:54.320 --> 0:42:59.840
<v Speaker 9>Impressed, and then thanks to everyone for sticking around. Appreciate it.

0:43:01.719 --> 0:43:06.640
<v Speaker 9>So most papers, or many of my papers, originate out

0:43:06.680 --> 0:43:11.480
<v Speaker 9>of a sense that a narrative has taken hold, and

0:43:11.520 --> 0:43:15.839
<v Speaker 9>that narrative is sort of perpetuated itself, even when that

0:43:15.960 --> 0:43:20.160
<v Speaker 9>narrative isn't fully backed by all of the detailed data.

0:43:21.280 --> 0:43:24.120
<v Speaker 9>And there have been two narratives that have been you know,

0:43:24.120 --> 0:43:28.440
<v Speaker 9>they're closely related, narratives that have been very prevalent and

0:43:28.520 --> 0:43:31.920
<v Speaker 9>prevalent at the IMF, prevalent at Davos, prevalent in the

0:43:31.920 --> 0:43:35.560
<v Speaker 9>financial media, prevalence on Bloomberg. One is that the world

0:43:35.640 --> 0:43:39.200
<v Speaker 9>is deglobalizing, and the other, which is related but not

0:43:39.280 --> 0:43:43.400
<v Speaker 9>quite the same, as the world is fragmenting, different political

0:43:43.440 --> 0:43:50.560
<v Speaker 9>blocks are interacting less economically. That thesis seemed at odds

0:43:51.239 --> 0:43:56.560
<v Speaker 9>with a couple of things. One I spend a lot

0:43:56.600 --> 0:44:02.799
<v Speaker 9>of time. Don't ask why trade in pharmaceuticals. No, It's

0:44:02.840 --> 0:44:06.960
<v Speaker 9>just it's an interesting subsector of the global economy. It's

0:44:07.000 --> 0:44:12.160
<v Speaker 9>a hobby. Yeah, I mean, I'm certainly not paid from

0:44:12.160 --> 0:44:17.759
<v Speaker 9>my odd take on the pharmaceutical industry. And the pharmaceutical

0:44:17.760 --> 0:44:22.759
<v Speaker 9>industry has continued to globalize. US imports of pharmaceuticals have

0:44:22.880 --> 0:44:28.120
<v Speaker 9>doubled since twenty sixteen. The US imports from low tax jurisdictions,

0:44:28.120 --> 0:44:30.080
<v Speaker 9>which is a big part of pharmaceutical trade. It's not

0:44:30.120 --> 0:44:33.359
<v Speaker 9>with low cost jurisdictions, it's low tax duristictions. About half

0:44:33.360 --> 0:44:36.920
<v Speaker 9>of our imports are from five tax hubs. They've doubled.

0:44:37.600 --> 0:44:40.320
<v Speaker 9>One quarter of those imports come from the great Country

0:44:40.320 --> 0:44:44.600
<v Speaker 9>of Ireland. So that's not a story of deglobalization. That

0:44:44.719 --> 0:44:48.720
<v Speaker 9>is a story of continuity. It's a story of globalization

0:44:49.000 --> 0:44:53.839
<v Speaker 9>continuing because there's a tax advantage filter globalization. But then

0:44:53.840 --> 0:44:55.799
<v Speaker 9>the other component of the argument is the one that

0:44:55.880 --> 0:45:00.360
<v Speaker 9>sort of irritates people. I looked at the data. Everybody

0:45:00.360 --> 0:45:03.279
<v Speaker 9>tries to look at the data. And you know, if

0:45:03.320 --> 0:45:07.000
<v Speaker 9>you look at the data for China, biggest economy and

0:45:07.040 --> 0:45:09.600
<v Speaker 9>the biggest potential source of fragmentation, I mean, you can

0:45:09.640 --> 0:45:13.000
<v Speaker 9>fragment with Russia, which has happened, but fragmenting with China

0:45:13.000 --> 0:45:17.680
<v Speaker 9>would be big. And I didn't really see the evidence.

0:45:17.840 --> 0:45:22.040
<v Speaker 9>So China's exports to the world are up by about

0:45:22.160 --> 0:45:26.400
<v Speaker 9>of manufacturers or up by about a trillion dollars since

0:45:26.640 --> 0:45:29.880
<v Speaker 9>twenty nineteen, so since the peak of the trade war,

0:45:30.080 --> 0:45:34.239
<v Speaker 9>since the pandemic. China's imports are up, manufactures up two

0:45:34.280 --> 0:45:38.480
<v Speaker 9>hundred billion, China's surplus of manufacturer goods is up eight

0:45:38.600 --> 0:45:41.520
<v Speaker 9>hundred billion. And I'm pretty confident because I have some

0:45:41.640 --> 0:45:44.120
<v Speaker 9>sense of magnitudes. Is that's not all trade with Russia.

0:45:44.719 --> 0:45:46.560
<v Speaker 9>There's a little bit which is trade with Russia, but

0:45:46.560 --> 0:45:51.360
<v Speaker 9>it is mostly because trade deficits amongst democracies have risen.

0:45:51.960 --> 0:45:54.680
<v Speaker 9>So the classic offsets to China's surplus or are the

0:45:54.760 --> 0:45:59.240
<v Speaker 9>deficits in the UK, the US, and India not geopolitically

0:45:59.280 --> 0:46:03.520
<v Speaker 9>aligned with China, but the global counterpart. So my overarching

0:46:03.600 --> 0:46:08.239
<v Speaker 9>thesis is the world has continued to globalize, but in

0:46:08.320 --> 0:46:11.439
<v Speaker 9>unhealthy ways. Unhealthy because there's still a lot of tax

0:46:11.520 --> 0:46:16.680
<v Speaker 9>driven globalization, and unhealthy because this increase in China's exports

0:46:17.080 --> 0:46:19.799
<v Speaker 9>is a reflection of deep weaknesses which have already been

0:46:19.800 --> 0:46:24.400
<v Speaker 9>discussed in China's domestic economy, which make China incapable of

0:46:24.440 --> 0:46:28.360
<v Speaker 9>growing at the pace at once without relying more, not less,

0:46:28.680 --> 0:46:29.440
<v Speaker 9>on exports.

0:46:30.320 --> 0:46:34.160
<v Speaker 4>So that's the theme, a lot to chew on, and

0:46:34.200 --> 0:46:37.719
<v Speaker 4>that's what we're gonna do. But the trade war that

0:46:37.840 --> 0:46:40.719
<v Speaker 4>started in twenty eighteen, does it show up with the

0:46:40.800 --> 0:46:43.799
<v Speaker 4>data in any meaningful sense, like when you look at

0:46:43.800 --> 0:46:47.920
<v Speaker 4>the data now versus some counterfactual where tariffs had put

0:46:47.960 --> 0:46:49.920
<v Speaker 4>in place, do you see fingerprints of it?

0:46:51.200 --> 0:46:54.800
<v Speaker 9>Yes. The most obvious is that you know the US

0:46:54.920 --> 0:46:57.879
<v Speaker 9>is the one country that currently doesn't import any cars

0:46:57.880 --> 0:47:02.960
<v Speaker 9>from China. Since the trade war, China has become the

0:47:03.000 --> 0:47:06.480
<v Speaker 9>world's biggest auto exporter, and the US market is effectively

0:47:06.560 --> 0:47:11.239
<v Speaker 9>for now walled off. If you look at the bilateral

0:47:11.280 --> 0:47:14.600
<v Speaker 9>trade data between the US and China, the first thing

0:47:14.600 --> 0:47:18.360
<v Speaker 9>to notice is they no longer agree. In the bilateral data.

0:47:18.600 --> 0:47:20.920
<v Speaker 9>From the US side, we think our trade with China's

0:47:20.960 --> 0:47:25.360
<v Speaker 9>gone down, and significantly if you look at that same

0:47:25.440 --> 0:47:28.360
<v Speaker 9>data from the Chinese side, China thinks it's exports to

0:47:28.440 --> 0:47:33.520
<v Speaker 9>the US are broadly unchanged. Now you can still say

0:47:33.520 --> 0:47:37.000
<v Speaker 9>there's an impact because China's exports to Europe, the obvious counterfactional,

0:47:37.040 --> 0:47:43.880
<v Speaker 9>have gone up. So there's some evidence of a bilateral decoupling.

0:47:44.360 --> 0:47:48.440
<v Speaker 9>There is a lot of evidence of tariff avoidance. And

0:47:48.480 --> 0:47:52.360
<v Speaker 9>then at a global level, there's no real evidence of

0:47:52.440 --> 0:47:57.440
<v Speaker 9>a serious decoupling or fragmentation, because a serious fragmentation, in

0:47:57.480 --> 0:47:59.840
<v Speaker 9>my view at least, is one where China runs a

0:47:59.880 --> 0:48:04.480
<v Speaker 9>smaller surplus with democracies where China trades balances amongst the

0:48:04.520 --> 0:48:07.320
<v Speaker 9>axis of autocracies, that clearly hasn't happened.

0:48:07.640 --> 0:48:12.520
<v Speaker 2>You mentioned earlier tax incentives to globalization, and I'm trying

0:48:12.560 --> 0:48:14.719
<v Speaker 2>to think how to frame this question, but like, why

0:48:14.760 --> 0:48:19.239
<v Speaker 2>are we so obsessed with tariffs if you know, the

0:48:19.360 --> 0:48:21.879
<v Speaker 2>ultimate cost of a product is not the only thing

0:48:22.120 --> 0:48:24.720
<v Speaker 2>driving decisions about where it's made and where it's going.

0:48:26.000 --> 0:48:28.760
<v Speaker 9>I mean, in all honesty, I think it's because Donald

0:48:28.800 --> 0:48:33.280
<v Speaker 9>Trump won the twenty sixteen election, and Donald Trump believes

0:48:33.280 --> 0:48:36.640
<v Speaker 9>tariff's matter. Donald Trump is, He's a tariff man, he

0:48:36.760 --> 0:48:40.520
<v Speaker 9>really is. The other one is, Look, there is absolutely

0:48:40.600 --> 0:48:45.560
<v Speaker 9>no lobby, powerful lobby that is pushing back against importing

0:48:45.560 --> 0:48:49.800
<v Speaker 9>more pharmaceuticals from Ireland. And there's a very powerful lobby

0:48:50.239 --> 0:48:54.800
<v Speaker 9>that wants this current pattern to remain by producing outside

0:48:54.840 --> 0:48:58.040
<v Speaker 9>the United States and moving intellectual property outside the United States.

0:48:58.120 --> 0:49:02.439
<v Speaker 9>The American pharmaceutical industry has reduced its effective tax rate

0:49:02.880 --> 0:49:05.920
<v Speaker 9>to ten roughly ten percent. Why wouldn't you want to

0:49:05.960 --> 0:49:11.240
<v Speaker 9>maintain that The opposite side, the loser side, is mostly

0:49:11.280 --> 0:49:13.560
<v Speaker 9>the taxpayer. There's not a lot of jobs at stake,

0:49:13.600 --> 0:49:17.000
<v Speaker 9>although there's some so a couple of shocking to me

0:49:17.600 --> 0:49:23.560
<v Speaker 9>little nuggets. The US pharmaceutical industry top six companies roughly

0:49:23.640 --> 0:49:27.080
<v Speaker 9>made sixty to seventy billion dollars in twenty twenty three

0:49:27.440 --> 0:49:33.480
<v Speaker 9>top six companies. Those top six companies paid collectively some

0:49:33.520 --> 0:49:36.440
<v Speaker 9>a little bit of offsets zero in tax to the

0:49:36.520 --> 0:49:42.080
<v Speaker 9>US federal government. They reported losing money on their US operations,

0:49:42.480 --> 0:49:45.399
<v Speaker 9>even though the US has well known much higher pharmaceutical

0:49:45.440 --> 0:49:48.600
<v Speaker 9>prices than the rest of the world, And they report

0:49:48.680 --> 0:49:51.879
<v Speaker 9>making all of their profit and paying all of their

0:49:51.960 --> 0:50:01.200
<v Speaker 9>tax in other jurisdictions. So everyone except seems to win.

0:50:02.400 --> 0:50:05.280
<v Speaker 4>What was the effect, if any so one of the things,

0:50:05.320 --> 0:50:09.120
<v Speaker 4>regardless of who wins tomorrow's vote, At some point there's

0:50:09.200 --> 0:50:11.799
<v Speaker 4>going to be a The Tax Cut and Jobs Act

0:50:11.840 --> 0:50:13.600
<v Speaker 4>is going to come up, though I think the corporate

0:50:13.680 --> 0:50:16.040
<v Speaker 4>side is permanent that that part is going to be

0:50:16.200 --> 0:50:18.640
<v Speaker 4>less controversial or not going to be a thing. But

0:50:18.960 --> 0:50:21.279
<v Speaker 4>what was the effect of the Tax Cut and Jobs Act?

0:50:21.280 --> 0:50:25.560
<v Speaker 4>Because there was some impulse at least claimed that, oh,

0:50:25.560 --> 0:50:28.719
<v Speaker 4>this will encourage companies to recognize their revenues in the

0:50:28.840 --> 0:50:31.880
<v Speaker 4>United States and crack down on that to some extent,

0:50:32.239 --> 0:50:34.960
<v Speaker 4>at least in the realm of pharmaceuticals as you've described,

0:50:34.960 --> 0:50:37.759
<v Speaker 4>that hasn't happened. What was the intent and what was

0:50:37.800 --> 0:50:38.640
<v Speaker 4>the effect.

0:50:38.280 --> 0:50:41.680
<v Speaker 9>Of that bill? Look, first of all, you broke my

0:50:41.719 --> 0:50:45.520
<v Speaker 9>heart by saying there's nothing that's going to happen on

0:50:45.560 --> 0:50:47.160
<v Speaker 9>the corporate tax code next year?

0:50:47.480 --> 0:50:47.799
<v Speaker 8>Is there?

0:50:48.880 --> 0:50:53.040
<v Speaker 9>Like it is obviously going to be part of a negotiation.

0:50:53.120 --> 0:50:53.880
<v Speaker 3>Okay, Yeah, that's right.

0:50:54.680 --> 0:50:57.320
<v Speaker 9>It is the great chance that we have to correct

0:50:57.360 --> 0:51:00.880
<v Speaker 9>some of the flaws. In my view, the tax.

0:51:00.680 --> 0:51:04.160
<v Speaker 4>Cuts the corporate side doesn't expire automatically the way some

0:51:04.200 --> 0:51:05.160
<v Speaker 4>of the personal does.

0:51:05.080 --> 0:51:07.000
<v Speaker 9>So you know how much detail do you want to

0:51:07.000 --> 0:51:09.719
<v Speaker 9>go into. The twenty one percent does not expire, the

0:51:09.800 --> 0:51:12.279
<v Speaker 9>ten and a half percent low guilty rate, which is

0:51:12.280 --> 0:51:14.160
<v Speaker 9>for your global intangibles income, which is.

0:51:14.120 --> 0:51:15.320
<v Speaker 3>Really anything about this stuff.

0:51:15.360 --> 0:51:18.719
<v Speaker 9>Clearly it goes up to thirteen point one twenty five,

0:51:18.760 --> 0:51:21.480
<v Speaker 9>which of course some people care about. And the Foreign

0:51:21.480 --> 0:51:25.120
<v Speaker 9>derived Intangible's Income tax or FITTY goes up to the

0:51:25.160 --> 0:51:28.759
<v Speaker 9>god awful higher rate of sixteen percent. So there are

0:51:28.840 --> 0:51:32.919
<v Speaker 9>some ratchet ups. So what happened with the Tax Cuts

0:51:32.920 --> 0:51:35.279
<v Speaker 9>and Jobs Act? First of all, the corporate side was

0:51:35.320 --> 0:51:38.919
<v Speaker 9>a total revolution. Before the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act,

0:51:39.160 --> 0:51:43.120
<v Speaker 9>the US had a system called deferment, a deferral where

0:51:43.560 --> 0:51:46.919
<v Speaker 9>profits earned abroad in theory were taxed at the US

0:51:47.040 --> 0:51:49.840
<v Speaker 9>headline tax rate of thirty five, but only if the

0:51:49.840 --> 0:51:52.919
<v Speaker 9>profit was returned to the United States. Profits were never

0:51:53.000 --> 0:51:56.320
<v Speaker 9>returned to the US companies borrowed against their offshore profits.

0:51:56.760 --> 0:52:00.440
<v Speaker 9>And that was essentially a system that sort of worked,

0:52:00.719 --> 0:52:03.040
<v Speaker 9>but it meant that US companies had on the US

0:52:03.080 --> 0:52:05.120
<v Speaker 9>side of their balance sheet a lot of debt and

0:52:05.160 --> 0:52:06.560
<v Speaker 9>on the foreur in side of their balance sheet a

0:52:06.560 --> 0:52:09.919
<v Speaker 9>lot of assets. It wasn't great. So the main thing

0:52:10.080 --> 0:52:13.040
<v Speaker 9>that tax cuts and JOBZAC did was it got rid

0:52:13.160 --> 0:52:17.120
<v Speaker 9>of deferral. You pay tax as you go. Once you

0:52:17.160 --> 0:52:19.919
<v Speaker 9>pay your US tax, you're free to move your money

0:52:19.920 --> 0:52:21.960
<v Speaker 9>wherever you want. That was supposed to bring a lot

0:52:21.960 --> 0:52:25.439
<v Speaker 9>of money back. Obviously lowered the headline tax rate from

0:52:25.760 --> 0:52:30.160
<v Speaker 9>thirty five to twenty one. It created this new global

0:52:30.200 --> 0:52:33.840
<v Speaker 9>minimum on intangibles, which is sort of a strange concept

0:52:33.880 --> 0:52:38.240
<v Speaker 9>but essentially intellectual property that everyone pays on their global income.

0:52:38.320 --> 0:52:40.880
<v Speaker 9>So in theory it's sound territorial, but it's not entirely.

0:52:41.280 --> 0:52:44.080
<v Speaker 9>And then it created a separate low tax rate, the

0:52:44.120 --> 0:52:47.799
<v Speaker 9>foreign derived intangible's income tax rate for companies that move

0:52:47.880 --> 0:52:50.279
<v Speaker 9>their intellectual property back to the US and used it

0:52:50.320 --> 0:52:54.560
<v Speaker 9>to export. Pharmaceutical companies make most of their profit, although

0:52:54.560 --> 0:52:57.920
<v Speaker 9>they don't say it on their US sales. They preferred

0:52:57.920 --> 0:53:01.240
<v Speaker 9>to keep their intellectual property and production abroad and remain

0:53:01.320 --> 0:53:03.600
<v Speaker 9>in the ten and a half percent guilty bucket. So

0:53:03.719 --> 0:53:09.480
<v Speaker 9>no change there. Apple, same thing, Microsoft broadly the same thing,

0:53:09.960 --> 0:53:13.799
<v Speaker 9>but some companies did adjust. Facebook and Google return their

0:53:13.800 --> 0:53:16.360
<v Speaker 9>intellectual property to the US you see this very clearly

0:53:16.400 --> 0:53:20.800
<v Speaker 9>in their corporate returns, and now sell their intellectual property

0:53:20.800 --> 0:53:23.600
<v Speaker 9>to their Irish subsidiary where they book most of their

0:53:23.640 --> 0:53:28.120
<v Speaker 9>ad revenue globally. Qualcom has also adjusted its global taxbusher.

0:53:28.160 --> 0:53:30.600
<v Speaker 9>So it's not a story of no change, but it

0:53:30.680 --> 0:53:35.040
<v Speaker 9>is a story of mixed change. And it is a

0:53:35.160 --> 0:53:38.680
<v Speaker 9>story where, at least in my view, the six biggest

0:53:38.719 --> 0:53:42.560
<v Speaker 9>pharmaceutical companies clearly pay less to the US government after

0:53:42.719 --> 0:53:45.280
<v Speaker 9>the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act than they did before

0:53:45.600 --> 0:53:47.719
<v Speaker 9>because they actually had to bring some money back from

0:53:47.719 --> 0:53:50.640
<v Speaker 9>their offshore tax subsidiaries at they're thirty five percent to

0:53:50.640 --> 0:53:55.600
<v Speaker 9>cover their ongoing cost and Apple now mostly for even

0:53:55.640 --> 0:53:58.840
<v Speaker 9>more complex reasons, but Apple books more of its profit

0:53:58.880 --> 0:54:01.600
<v Speaker 9>in Ireland than in the United State States and Apple

0:54:01.680 --> 0:54:05.560
<v Speaker 9>is now paying roughly as much in tax to Ireland

0:54:06.040 --> 0:54:08.879
<v Speaker 9>as is it pay into the United States. That's why

0:54:08.880 --> 0:54:11.960
<v Speaker 9>Ireland has a sovereign Wealth Fund. So there are still

0:54:12.080 --> 0:54:15.040
<v Speaker 9>changes that could be put in place that broadly speaking,

0:54:15.040 --> 0:54:20.520
<v Speaker 9>wouldn't significantly increase the corporate tax burden, but would increase

0:54:20.600 --> 0:54:23.760
<v Speaker 9>the amount that the biggest and most successful US companies

0:54:23.800 --> 0:54:25.880
<v Speaker 9>paying the US. So hence you broke my heart. You

0:54:25.920 --> 0:54:26.920
<v Speaker 9>said there's nothing to be done.

0:54:27.120 --> 0:54:30.080
<v Speaker 3>It was just ignorant, It was it was just ignorant.

0:54:30.680 --> 0:54:32.840
<v Speaker 2>I realized I should have said this in the intro.

0:54:33.000 --> 0:54:36.480
<v Speaker 2>But in addition to writing and researching and tweeting about

0:54:36.520 --> 0:54:40.040
<v Speaker 2>all these issues, you also have real life experience when

0:54:40.040 --> 0:54:42.759
<v Speaker 2>it comes to trade policy. You were an advisor to

0:54:42.920 --> 0:54:45.879
<v Speaker 2>a US trade representative, Catherine Tie, who has also been

0:54:46.200 --> 0:54:49.720
<v Speaker 2>on the show. Maybe you can't get into specifics here,

0:54:49.920 --> 0:54:52.400
<v Speaker 2>but like give us a sense of what the most

0:54:52.440 --> 0:54:56.560
<v Speaker 2>surprising thing was when you were actually in that advisor

0:54:56.680 --> 0:55:00.520
<v Speaker 2>role when it comes to the construction the rail, I

0:55:00.520 --> 0:55:03.640
<v Speaker 2>guess of making trade policy, I.

0:55:03.560 --> 0:55:08.080
<v Speaker 9>Guess one surprise, and it's just a cultural thing about

0:55:08.160 --> 0:55:12.680
<v Speaker 9>usdr as I previously worked at the US Treasury, is

0:55:12.719 --> 0:55:15.520
<v Speaker 9>that financial markets, which you know, are the obsession of

0:55:15.560 --> 0:55:19.320
<v Speaker 9>this town. Presumably this crowd are weighted at about zero.

0:55:20.280 --> 0:55:25.080
<v Speaker 9>In USCR internal decision making, people do not get a

0:55:25.160 --> 0:55:27.720
<v Speaker 9>report on what happened in the market at the start

0:55:27.760 --> 0:55:31.120
<v Speaker 9>of a significant meeting at USDR, whereas that would be

0:55:31.160 --> 0:55:35.080
<v Speaker 9>kind of the norm at the US Treasury. So culturally

0:55:35.520 --> 0:55:39.760
<v Speaker 9>it's not driven by the market. Culturally, US trade policy

0:55:39.880 --> 0:55:45.360
<v Speaker 9>is driven by lawyers, and lawyers care a lot about process.

0:55:46.000 --> 0:55:48.560
<v Speaker 9>So I think what surprised me the most is the

0:55:48.600 --> 0:55:52.480
<v Speaker 9>weight that is given to following the procedural niceties of

0:55:52.520 --> 0:55:56.280
<v Speaker 9>the various different trade laws, which I think are actually

0:55:56.360 --> 0:55:59.920
<v Speaker 9>quite relevant if Trump were to win, which I person

0:56:00.120 --> 0:56:03.160
<v Speaker 9>we certainly do not hope is the case, but those

0:56:03.280 --> 0:56:08.920
<v Speaker 9>procedural niceties become constraints on how quickly he can restart

0:56:09.040 --> 0:56:10.200
<v Speaker 9>various trade wars.

0:56:10.760 --> 0:56:16.839
<v Speaker 4>You mentioned in the beginning that globalization continues despite all

0:56:16.960 --> 0:56:20.040
<v Speaker 4>the memes and despite all of the narrative, but you

0:56:20.080 --> 0:56:24.399
<v Speaker 4>described it as an unhealthy form of globalization. Was there

0:56:24.440 --> 0:56:26.799
<v Speaker 4>a point where it was healthy in your view? And

0:56:26.880 --> 0:56:30.000
<v Speaker 4>is there a turning point where the globalization process went

0:56:30.040 --> 0:56:31.200
<v Speaker 4>from healthy to unhealthy?

0:56:32.280 --> 0:56:37.759
<v Speaker 9>So in general, I think globalization in the nineteen nineties

0:56:38.400 --> 0:56:41.920
<v Speaker 9>had a different impact on the US economy than globalization

0:56:42.320 --> 0:56:45.920
<v Speaker 9>after the nineteen nineties. If you look at at trade

0:56:45.960 --> 0:56:48.080
<v Speaker 9>patterns in the nineteen nineties, and you know there's a

0:56:48.120 --> 0:56:51.080
<v Speaker 9>significant interruption in the Asian financial crisis, and I think

0:56:51.120 --> 0:56:54.400
<v Speaker 9>most people in Asia would say globalization went wrong in

0:56:54.440 --> 0:56:59.720
<v Speaker 9>the nineteen nineties. But during that period, broadly speaking, experts

0:56:59.719 --> 0:57:03.520
<v Speaker 9>and in him were both expanding symmetrically, and you didn't

0:57:03.560 --> 0:57:08.680
<v Speaker 9>have an expansion and explosion of the offshore balance sheets

0:57:08.719 --> 0:57:13.400
<v Speaker 9>of big banks and their special investment vehicles like the

0:57:13.440 --> 0:57:18.240
<v Speaker 9>obsession of Wall Street in the pre global financial crisis period.

0:57:18.480 --> 0:57:20.680
<v Speaker 9>So to me, that was a healthier form of globalization.

0:57:20.760 --> 0:57:25.160
<v Speaker 9>What went wrong, well, a technical thing checked the box

0:57:25.160 --> 0:57:27.880
<v Speaker 9>made it really easy for US companies to shift intellectual

0:57:27.920 --> 0:57:33.200
<v Speaker 9>property offshore. That unleashed a wave of tax driven globalization

0:57:33.360 --> 0:57:35.280
<v Speaker 9>that we have not yet, in my view, been able

0:57:35.320 --> 0:57:40.480
<v Speaker 9>to rein in. It created incentives wherever broadening sectors of

0:57:40.480 --> 0:57:42.560
<v Speaker 9>the US economy. So one of the things I point

0:57:42.640 --> 0:57:46.960
<v Speaker 9>out in the Aspen Econometic Strategy paper is that semiconductor

0:57:47.000 --> 0:57:52.760
<v Speaker 9>equipment manufacturing actually a pretty strategically important industry, has between

0:57:52.840 --> 0:57:56.760
<v Speaker 9>two thousand and five and twenty twenty three twenty four,

0:57:57.320 --> 0:57:59.600
<v Speaker 9>moved a lot of its manufacturing and all of its

0:57:59.680 --> 0:58:02.640
<v Speaker 9>profit to Southeast Asia. Why we thought that was in

0:58:02.640 --> 0:58:07.880
<v Speaker 9>our strategic interest is beyond me. But it wasn't just

0:58:07.920 --> 0:58:10.920
<v Speaker 9>a one off. It's been a continuous process. And then

0:58:11.040 --> 0:58:15.360
<v Speaker 9>obviously China enters the WTO, the Chinese surplus explodes, and

0:58:15.440 --> 0:58:20.600
<v Speaker 9>I think that generated a period of unhealthy globalization as well.

0:58:21.160 --> 0:58:23.840
<v Speaker 9>And so that's why I'm a little worried right now

0:58:24.040 --> 0:58:29.280
<v Speaker 9>that the increase in China's surplus judged on the global basis,

0:58:29.280 --> 0:58:31.840
<v Speaker 9>not on the bilateral basis against the US, is on

0:58:31.920 --> 0:58:35.400
<v Speaker 9>a magnitude comparable as a share of world GDP. To

0:58:35.520 --> 0:58:38.080
<v Speaker 9>that scene immediately after WTO.

0:58:37.760 --> 0:58:56.600
<v Speaker 2>Entry, there seems to be some consensus about diagnosing the

0:58:56.680 --> 0:59:00.400
<v Speaker 2>problems in the Chinese economy, so not enough domestic assumption

0:59:00.560 --> 0:59:04.440
<v Speaker 2>to high savings, et cetera. And yet it still seems

0:59:04.600 --> 0:59:08.560
<v Speaker 2>relatively committed to the export driven model. Why is that?

0:59:10.200 --> 0:59:13.520
<v Speaker 9>The pithy answer would be that there can be no

0:59:13.680 --> 0:59:20.920
<v Speaker 9>consensus in China that doesn't include President She. So actually,

0:59:20.920 --> 0:59:24.040
<v Speaker 9>I don't think there is consensus because I think President

0:59:24.120 --> 0:59:29.480
<v Speaker 9>She doesn't share this diagnosis. I think President She, generally speaking,

0:59:29.600 --> 0:59:35.080
<v Speaker 9>views support for households as unproductive, and he views investment,

0:59:35.160 --> 0:59:40.360
<v Speaker 9>particularly investment in high tech sectors, as productive. The intellectual

0:59:40.520 --> 0:59:45.040
<v Speaker 9>leap that giving checks to households, taking less from households

0:59:45.560 --> 0:59:50.320
<v Speaker 9>lets household spend more, and therefore supports investments, not just consumption,

0:59:50.440 --> 0:59:53.880
<v Speaker 9>but it supports investment throughout the economy is not one

0:59:53.920 --> 0:59:58.920
<v Speaker 9>that president, she obviously shares. So, yeah, I don't think

0:59:59.000 --> 1:00:02.360
<v Speaker 9>there is yet consensus.

1:00:03.960 --> 1:00:06.120
<v Speaker 4>One of the things that people love to talk about

1:00:06.400 --> 1:00:09.440
<v Speaker 4>is just forever for as long as is the future

1:00:09.440 --> 1:00:11.920
<v Speaker 4>of the dollar, and you know, just one of those

1:00:11.920 --> 1:00:13.560
<v Speaker 4>things people just love to talk about it.

1:00:13.640 --> 1:00:14.200
<v Speaker 9>I've noticed.

1:00:14.800 --> 1:00:16.560
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, when you look at it, it.

1:00:16.560 --> 1:00:18.400
<v Speaker 9>Is not a topic that I prefer to talk about,

1:00:18.400 --> 1:00:19.280
<v Speaker 9>but I will talk about it.

1:00:19.360 --> 1:00:20.520
<v Speaker 3>No, you have to talk about it.

1:00:20.560 --> 1:00:24.000
<v Speaker 4>He didn't talk about it, all right, Tracy, what she introduced,

1:00:24.040 --> 1:00:25.640
<v Speaker 4>she said, we could ask Brad anything.

1:00:25.760 --> 1:00:27.080
<v Speaker 3>So this is on my mind.

1:00:27.160 --> 1:00:31.720
<v Speaker 4>When you look at unhealthy globalization, do you see any

1:00:31.880 --> 1:00:37.360
<v Speaker 4>strains on the existing the dollar regime or any reasons

1:00:37.400 --> 1:00:39.640
<v Speaker 4>to think that there is going to be a meaningful

1:00:39.760 --> 1:00:43.960
<v Speaker 4>change in the trajectory of dollar usage, either within the

1:00:44.040 --> 1:00:48.280
<v Speaker 4>trade for goods and services globally or the use of dollar.

1:00:48.120 --> 1:00:49.880
<v Speaker 3>In financial transactions.

1:00:49.320 --> 1:00:54.680
<v Speaker 9>Globally, not really. So there has been one obviously important

1:00:54.800 --> 1:00:59.280
<v Speaker 9>and significant change, which is the sanctions on Russia. You know,

1:00:59.440 --> 1:01:04.160
<v Speaker 9>Russia is one of the top ten global economies, produces

1:01:04.160 --> 1:01:06.520
<v Speaker 9>a lot of oil in the world wants oil. We

1:01:07.000 --> 1:01:10.240
<v Speaker 9>meaning in this case, the US, the EU, the sanctioning

1:01:10.280 --> 1:01:15.400
<v Speaker 9>coalition the G ten countries have generally not actually sanctioned

1:01:15.440 --> 1:01:19.320
<v Speaker 9>dollar in europayment. But even though we have not sanctioned

1:01:19.320 --> 1:01:22.880
<v Speaker 9>dollar in europayment, Russia obviously is very concerned that we could,

1:01:23.440 --> 1:01:26.160
<v Speaker 9>particularly because we've frozen all the central Bank's assets, and

1:01:26.200 --> 1:01:30.800
<v Speaker 9>that was a pretty big step. Russia, to be fair,

1:01:31.440 --> 1:01:36.320
<v Speaker 9>was the country that did the most before twenty twenty

1:01:36.360 --> 1:01:40.120
<v Speaker 9>twenty two the invasion to reduce dollar usage. Didn't get

1:01:40.240 --> 1:01:43.400
<v Speaker 9>rid of it, but Russia had moved almost all its

1:01:43.440 --> 1:01:46.439
<v Speaker 9>reserves out of the dollar. It had certainly removed all

1:01:46.480 --> 1:01:50.320
<v Speaker 9>of its reserves out of visible dollars, stuff that the

1:01:50.440 --> 1:01:53.640
<v Speaker 9>US can see in this normal data reporting, and it

1:01:53.680 --> 1:01:57.120
<v Speaker 9>had migrated to basically using the Euro for most of

1:01:57.160 --> 1:02:01.160
<v Speaker 9>its oil and gas transactions. You could say that's just logical.

1:02:01.240 --> 1:02:05.440
<v Speaker 9>Russia traded mostly with Europe before the invasion, but it

1:02:05.520 --> 1:02:08.440
<v Speaker 9>was using the euro to denominate trade with China, not

1:02:08.560 --> 1:02:11.439
<v Speaker 9>the yuan, not the dollar, And I think the main

1:02:11.600 --> 1:02:15.640
<v Speaker 9>lesson of the sanctions it has been that if you

1:02:15.680 --> 1:02:18.880
<v Speaker 9>want to diversify out of the dollar and you want

1:02:18.920 --> 1:02:21.680
<v Speaker 9>protection against sanctions, which is the one thing that you

1:02:21.760 --> 1:02:25.280
<v Speaker 9>get with diversification out of the dollar, diversifying out of

1:02:25.320 --> 1:02:28.880
<v Speaker 9>the Euro isn't diversifying far enough, so you essentially have

1:02:28.920 --> 1:02:32.480
<v Speaker 9>to diversify into using the yuan. Now, the yuan has

1:02:32.520 --> 1:02:35.880
<v Speaker 9>a bunch of disadvantages. The wan is not accepted globally.

1:02:35.880 --> 1:02:38.000
<v Speaker 9>If you're an African country and you get yuan for

1:02:38.080 --> 1:02:40.720
<v Speaker 9>selling something to China, you can't use that yuan to

1:02:40.720 --> 1:02:43.520
<v Speaker 9>buy stuff from your neighbor. It's not that kind of

1:02:43.560 --> 1:02:48.840
<v Speaker 9>global currency yet. The dollar in euror and in general,

1:02:49.000 --> 1:02:52.360
<v Speaker 9>holding financial assets in yuan means you've been holding a

1:02:52.400 --> 1:02:55.680
<v Speaker 9>depreciating currency with lower yields than in the dollar. And

1:02:55.720 --> 1:02:59.360
<v Speaker 9>then by the way China uses is geopolitical and g

1:02:59.520 --> 1:03:03.680
<v Speaker 9>you want. Mostly it's been over its trade leverage pretty aggressively,

1:03:04.360 --> 1:03:06.840
<v Speaker 9>and you would have to assume if you have a

1:03:06.880 --> 1:03:09.200
<v Speaker 9>lot of your financial assets in yuan, or your trade

1:03:09.280 --> 1:03:13.280
<v Speaker 9>is denominated in yuan, that you are potentially subject to

1:03:13.920 --> 1:03:18.520
<v Speaker 9>Chinese financial pressure. So you you get a little bit

1:03:18.520 --> 1:03:22.640
<v Speaker 9>of defense against US and European sanctions, but at a

1:03:22.680 --> 1:03:26.160
<v Speaker 9>pretty significant cost, and you just don't see it. So

1:03:26.280 --> 1:03:29.000
<v Speaker 9>one one anecdote, you know, because you know, it goes

1:03:29.080 --> 1:03:31.960
<v Speaker 9>a little interesting. It was. It was sort of striking

1:03:32.000 --> 1:03:34.080
<v Speaker 9>to me because I hadn't been to China for quite

1:03:34.080 --> 1:03:35.960
<v Speaker 9>some time. I was a little nervous about it, to

1:03:35.960 --> 1:03:40.680
<v Speaker 9>be honest, and heard a bank treasurer from a big

1:03:40.760 --> 1:03:45.000
<v Speaker 9>Chinese bank talk about how they were thinking about the world.

1:03:45.040 --> 1:03:48.640
<v Speaker 9>And you know what that Chinese bank was worried about.

1:03:49.040 --> 1:03:51.560
<v Speaker 9>I was worried about the fact that Yuan lending rates

1:03:51.600 --> 1:03:55.800
<v Speaker 9>were being forced down and that was squeezing Yuan net

1:03:55.800 --> 1:03:58.960
<v Speaker 9>interest margins and fair things. That's what all banks tend

1:03:59.000 --> 1:04:01.360
<v Speaker 9>to worry about. Although it was king to me that

1:04:01.600 --> 1:04:04.400
<v Speaker 9>this bank treasurer was more or less saying, you know,

1:04:04.440 --> 1:04:07.960
<v Speaker 9>the official lending rate, which the Chinese had been deemphasizing,

1:04:08.400 --> 1:04:11.280
<v Speaker 9>was actually really important. The other thing he was complaining

1:04:11.280 --> 1:04:14.080
<v Speaker 9>about is, well, there's all these lending quotas. Like again,

1:04:14.120 --> 1:04:16.520
<v Speaker 9>I was like, I thought you'd reformed your commercial banks.

1:04:16.560 --> 1:04:19.680
<v Speaker 9>You weren't doing quotas. No, no, no quotas for manufacturing,

1:04:19.720 --> 1:04:23.600
<v Speaker 9>quotas for lending to innovation. The Treasurer obviously was sort

1:04:23.600 --> 1:04:27.160
<v Speaker 9>of implying quotas that required us to lend to companies

1:04:27.200 --> 1:04:29.960
<v Speaker 9>that were going to generate losses in the future. So

1:04:30.040 --> 1:04:32.880
<v Speaker 9>what was the great hope. Well, they looked at the

1:04:32.960 --> 1:04:36.480
<v Speaker 9>Japanese banking system and discovered that the Japanese banks do

1:04:36.560 --> 1:04:40.160
<v Speaker 9>this great dollar business that generates half their interest income,

1:04:40.720 --> 1:04:44.400
<v Speaker 9>and they looked at that with with envy. You could

1:04:44.960 --> 1:04:47.520
<v Speaker 9>choose your own interest margin in dollars and you weren't

1:04:47.560 --> 1:04:50.800
<v Speaker 9>forced to lend to loss making companies in dollars. So,

1:04:51.360 --> 1:04:57.120
<v Speaker 9>just as an anecdote, you see growth in the dollar business,

1:04:57.600 --> 1:05:02.600
<v Speaker 9>offshore dollar business of Chinese state banks, which completely runs

1:05:02.600 --> 1:05:05.760
<v Speaker 9>against the d dollarization narrative and is very much a

1:05:05.760 --> 1:05:08.800
<v Speaker 9>function of China's own domestic weakness. So I think that

1:05:09.000 --> 1:05:09.840
<v Speaker 9>to me that was telling.

1:05:10.160 --> 1:05:13.439
<v Speaker 2>You had a great line in the paper, just going

1:05:13.480 --> 1:05:16.480
<v Speaker 2>back to the like lending quota point, but you said

1:05:16.920 --> 1:05:20.240
<v Speaker 2>free markets appear to favor a country that hasn't freed

1:05:20.640 --> 1:05:24.040
<v Speaker 2>its own market. Ie, China has probably benefited the most

1:05:24.040 --> 1:05:27.880
<v Speaker 2>from the trade liberalization of the nineteen nineties and early

1:05:27.880 --> 1:05:29.960
<v Speaker 2>two thousands. Why is that?

1:05:32.280 --> 1:05:36.120
<v Speaker 9>Well, again, Tracy, thanks for really closely reading my paper.

1:05:36.720 --> 1:05:37.200
<v Speaker 6>I try.

1:05:37.640 --> 1:05:40.760
<v Speaker 9>I actually thought that was a good line. Ummm, you're

1:05:40.800 --> 1:05:44.960
<v Speaker 9>the first person who's noticed it. Um I'd throw in, like, hopefully,

1:05:45.040 --> 1:05:48.840
<v Speaker 9>like some witty quips and a forty page paper just

1:05:48.880 --> 1:05:52.760
<v Speaker 9>to test to see if anyone actually reads U tast

1:05:53.000 --> 1:05:56.800
<v Speaker 9>you did. Look, I am not the first to make

1:05:56.840 --> 1:06:02.040
<v Speaker 9>this observation. I think it's an observation that has influenced

1:06:02.280 --> 1:06:05.320
<v Speaker 9>politics and policy in the United States and in Europe.

1:06:06.640 --> 1:06:12.280
<v Speaker 9>China does not have a full market economy. The government

1:06:12.800 --> 1:06:16.760
<v Speaker 9>runs the banking system. The banking system still dominates the

1:06:16.800 --> 1:06:20.800
<v Speaker 9>distribution of credit within the Chinese economy. It favors some

1:06:20.840 --> 1:06:25.560
<v Speaker 9>sectors over others. The Chinese state, in its many layers

1:06:25.680 --> 1:06:28.520
<v Speaker 9>at the central government level but also at the provincial level,

1:06:28.880 --> 1:06:35.000
<v Speaker 9>provides a lot of equity investment for Chinese companies. And

1:06:35.080 --> 1:06:37.360
<v Speaker 9>so you can argue that China doesn't just have one

1:06:37.400 --> 1:06:40.320
<v Speaker 9>industrial policy, kind of has twenty because all the different

1:06:40.360 --> 1:06:43.120
<v Speaker 9>provinces have their own industrial policy trying to build up

1:06:43.160 --> 1:06:47.400
<v Speaker 9>provincial champions that become national champions, and in the process

1:06:47.480 --> 1:06:51.160
<v Speaker 9>they get cheap capital, very cheap capital. There isn't a

1:06:51.520 --> 1:06:53.920
<v Speaker 9>mean the private equity industry in China exists, but it's

1:06:53.920 --> 1:06:56.720
<v Speaker 9>not demanding you lever up to get a fifteen percent

1:06:56.920 --> 1:07:01.760
<v Speaker 9>internal rate of return. It exists to provide a bit

1:07:01.800 --> 1:07:04.600
<v Speaker 9>of a veneer of private capital for strategy investments and

1:07:04.600 --> 1:07:09.600
<v Speaker 9>strategic sectors. There's a lot of patient capital that has

1:07:09.640 --> 1:07:13.960
<v Speaker 9>gone in to sectors that are quite capital intensive and

1:07:14.000 --> 1:07:17.040
<v Speaker 9>that are willing to accept high risk and low rates

1:07:17.040 --> 1:07:21.160
<v Speaker 9>of return in part because it is state capital. And

1:07:21.280 --> 1:07:25.840
<v Speaker 9>as a result, in those sectors where this internal competitive

1:07:25.840 --> 1:07:32.520
<v Speaker 9>hothouse generates globally competitive products, production migrates to China. So

1:07:32.600 --> 1:07:35.800
<v Speaker 9>that is the trend that was famously exhibited in the

1:07:35.840 --> 1:07:39.960
<v Speaker 9>solar industry. Joe loves excavators. It's a slightly different story,

1:07:41.120 --> 1:07:43.240
<v Speaker 9>but you know, twenty years ago China was importing a

1:07:43.280 --> 1:07:47.280
<v Speaker 9>lot of excavators actually from the United States. Then Caterpillar

1:07:47.320 --> 1:07:49.320
<v Speaker 9>sets up shop in China. Then a bunch of Chinese

1:07:49.320 --> 1:07:52.720
<v Speaker 9>companies with state capital backing them, they're not all state owned,

1:07:53.160 --> 1:07:56.480
<v Speaker 9>get into the excavator business. Then Chinese demand for excavator

1:07:56.560 --> 1:08:01.160
<v Speaker 9>goes ballistic. With the property market, the property market tanks

1:08:01.280 --> 1:08:07.040
<v Speaker 9>and guess who's exporting excavators to the world. I know so,

1:08:07.160 --> 1:08:10.040
<v Speaker 9>and obviously everyone's petrified that this is the same pattern

1:08:10.040 --> 1:08:14.960
<v Speaker 9>will replicate itself in electric cars and potentially legacy semiconductors

1:08:15.200 --> 1:08:18.400
<v Speaker 9>and potentially cutting edge chips. But that's a little there's

1:08:18.400 --> 1:08:20.080
<v Speaker 9>a little tech war going on to something.

1:08:20.680 --> 1:08:24.680
<v Speaker 4>If Trump wins tomorrow, Look, it seems very plausible that

1:08:24.760 --> 1:08:27.960
<v Speaker 4>we could get some sort of radically different approach to everything,

1:08:28.000 --> 1:08:29.960
<v Speaker 4>certainly on the trade front. So let's just sort of

1:08:30.000 --> 1:08:32.720
<v Speaker 4>accept that that, you know, again, per the models and

1:08:32.760 --> 1:08:37.960
<v Speaker 4>the aggregators of fifty percent chance, if Harris wins, as

1:08:38.000 --> 1:08:41.280
<v Speaker 4>you see it, what are the priorities when looking at

1:08:41.479 --> 1:08:45.400
<v Speaker 4>unhealthy globalization? Not like necessarily what she's thinking, but from

1:08:45.400 --> 1:08:50.320
<v Speaker 4>your perspective, what are the priorities towards addressing this unhealthy

1:08:50.400 --> 1:08:52.120
<v Speaker 4>version of globalization that you describe.

1:08:53.640 --> 1:08:59.479
<v Speaker 9>Looks start well, I would start to some degree with

1:09:00.040 --> 1:09:02.400
<v Speaker 9>some of the points that Secretary Yellen and Layale Brain

1:09:02.439 --> 1:09:07.560
<v Speaker 9>would have made about China's own unbalanced economy. And fundamentally,

1:09:07.600 --> 1:09:09.559
<v Speaker 9>the US has, in my view, and interest in a

1:09:09.560 --> 1:09:12.559
<v Speaker 9>more balanced Chinese economy, and we have an interest in

1:09:12.640 --> 1:09:15.160
<v Speaker 9>convincing our allies and partners who also join us and

1:09:15.160 --> 1:09:18.120
<v Speaker 9>putting pressure to get a more balanced Chinese economy. That's

1:09:18.160 --> 1:09:22.200
<v Speaker 9>a long, hard slog. It depends a bit on choices

1:09:22.400 --> 1:09:27.120
<v Speaker 9>China makes so one interesting example least I find it interesting.

1:09:27.120 --> 1:09:30.080
<v Speaker 9>You know, Trump talks a lot about replacing the income

1:09:30.160 --> 1:09:32.920
<v Speaker 9>tax with tariffs. That's been one of his ideas. It

1:09:32.960 --> 1:09:34.720
<v Speaker 9>is unclear if he's actually gonna do it, but it's

1:09:34.720 --> 1:09:41.599
<v Speaker 9>an idea. China currently collects more revenue from tariffs than

1:09:41.640 --> 1:09:44.240
<v Speaker 9>from its personal income tax. It already has achieved this,

1:09:45.080 --> 1:09:48.280
<v Speaker 9>partially because it still has somewhat significant tariffs, and partially

1:09:48.280 --> 1:09:50.639
<v Speaker 9>because it only collects one percent of GDP and personal

1:09:50.640 --> 1:09:52.760
<v Speaker 9>income tax, which is a very low number. We collect eight,

1:09:53.400 --> 1:09:57.320
<v Speaker 9>so that to me is necessary. It's a part of

1:09:57.360 --> 1:10:01.680
<v Speaker 9>the broader policy package that generates more balanced Chinese economy.

1:10:01.960 --> 1:10:04.599
<v Speaker 9>But it is not something that the US Congress can change.

1:10:06.120 --> 1:10:09.599
<v Speaker 9>So the other component for addressing unhealthy globalization is something

1:10:09.640 --> 1:10:12.160
<v Speaker 9>that the US Congress can change, which is the US

1:10:12.200 --> 1:10:16.160
<v Speaker 9>tax law. So my immediate priority, if I were given

1:10:16.200 --> 1:10:20.040
<v Speaker 9>advice to, hopefully President Harris, would be Look, there's a

1:10:20.040 --> 1:10:25.000
<v Speaker 9>budget negotiation Washington, DC will be consumed with the expiration

1:10:25.120 --> 1:10:28.960
<v Speaker 9>of the tax cuts. Twenty twenty five is a fiscal year.

1:10:29.400 --> 1:10:31.519
<v Speaker 9>It is a year which is set up in DC

1:10:32.120 --> 1:10:36.920
<v Speaker 9>to debate the structure of taxation, and Republicans, and this

1:10:36.960 --> 1:10:40.240
<v Speaker 9>is conventional wisdom, have an incentive to come to the

1:10:40.280 --> 1:10:44.040
<v Speaker 9>table because if nothing happens, we have a cliff and

1:10:44.320 --> 1:10:48.400
<v Speaker 9>all of Trump's personal income tax cuts expire, Republicans don't

1:10:48.439 --> 1:10:51.880
<v Speaker 9>go to Washington to raise people's tax so they have

1:10:51.960 --> 1:10:55.280
<v Speaker 9>an incentive to bargain. And my hope would be as

1:10:55.360 --> 1:10:59.519
<v Speaker 9>part of that bargain, some of the remaining incentives in

1:10:59.560 --> 1:11:04.080
<v Speaker 9>the corporate tax code that have clearly encouraged or not

1:11:05.000 --> 1:11:08.920
<v Speaker 9>discourage the migration of intellectual property and production outside the

1:11:09.000 --> 1:11:12.680
<v Speaker 9>United States get addressed. That'd be where I'd start. I

1:11:12.720 --> 1:11:16.240
<v Speaker 9>also think one of the tensions, you know, one of

1:11:16.240 --> 1:11:20.120
<v Speaker 9>the tensions in trades Trump's trade policy was that bilateral

1:11:20.120 --> 1:11:22.800
<v Speaker 9>tariffs are way less effective than he thinks. You can

1:11:22.800 --> 1:11:25.639
<v Speaker 9>get around them really easily. You put you know, ninety

1:11:25.640 --> 1:11:28.759
<v Speaker 9>five percent Chinese content, a few screws in Southeast Asia,

1:11:28.800 --> 1:11:32.880
<v Speaker 9>you go to a zero tariff. Right, It's trivial to

1:11:32.880 --> 1:11:35.360
<v Speaker 9>get around with a little bit of work. So bilateral

1:11:35.439 --> 1:11:38.600
<v Speaker 9>tariffs don't really work, but Trump loves them. One of

1:11:38.640 --> 1:11:44.240
<v Speaker 9>the tensions in Biden administration views on trade, again widely accepted,

1:11:44.680 --> 1:11:47.200
<v Speaker 9>is that the Biden administration talked a big game about

1:11:47.280 --> 1:11:51.680
<v Speaker 9>friendshoring working with allies, and then you know, thanks to

1:11:51.960 --> 1:11:58.760
<v Speaker 9>Joe Manchin, your friend, very important US Senator, Thanks to

1:11:58.800 --> 1:12:01.800
<v Speaker 9>Joe Mansion, we have an inflation reduction Act, and thanks

1:12:01.800 --> 1:12:04.439
<v Speaker 9>to Joe Manchin, that inflation Reduction Act didn't treat our

1:12:04.479 --> 1:12:07.960
<v Speaker 9>friends very nicely. So I think there's a lot to

1:12:08.080 --> 1:12:12.560
<v Speaker 9>do to kind of harmonize our industrial policies with our allies,

1:12:13.080 --> 1:12:15.760
<v Speaker 9>and they have to make some changes too. I think

1:12:15.760 --> 1:12:21.080
<v Speaker 9>the Europeans are ridiculously obsessed with following a super strict

1:12:21.080 --> 1:12:24.519
<v Speaker 9>interpretation of what the WTO allows, which means that they

1:12:24.560 --> 1:12:29.679
<v Speaker 9>won't do buy Europe on their EV subsidies inside Europe,

1:12:30.320 --> 1:12:33.040
<v Speaker 9>even though China clearly did buy China on its EV

1:12:33.160 --> 1:12:36.559
<v Speaker 9>subsidies inside China, they just didn't write it into the law.

1:12:36.600 --> 1:12:40.200
<v Speaker 9>They just never qualified a foreign made car, actually initially

1:12:40.240 --> 1:12:44.320
<v Speaker 9>never qualified a battery made in China by a foreign company.

1:12:44.400 --> 1:12:48.160
<v Speaker 9>That only happened after the Chinese companies which now dominate

1:12:48.200 --> 1:12:51.840
<v Speaker 9>global Batteri's got a good foothold. China has been super restrictive,

1:12:52.320 --> 1:12:55.439
<v Speaker 9>and I think Europe should be symmetric. Do a kind

1:12:55.479 --> 1:12:58.760
<v Speaker 9>of buy Europe deal and My idea is that like, hey,

1:12:58.800 --> 1:13:02.200
<v Speaker 9>we have buy us Europe, we will You know, this

1:13:02.280 --> 1:13:06.040
<v Speaker 9>is what I learned at USCR. You can deem European

1:13:06.200 --> 1:13:10.240
<v Speaker 9>or allied goods to be American for purposes of qualifying

1:13:10.280 --> 1:13:12.920
<v Speaker 9>for US subsidies. And we would offer to do that

1:13:13.400 --> 1:13:17.640
<v Speaker 9>if Europe would deem American goods to be European for

1:13:17.760 --> 1:13:21.960
<v Speaker 9>qualifying for European subsidies. So we kind of each create

1:13:22.120 --> 1:13:25.600
<v Speaker 9>an open market towards each other while being pretty restrictive

1:13:25.600 --> 1:13:28.400
<v Speaker 9>towards China. So those are I think, to me, the

1:13:28.439 --> 1:13:30.560
<v Speaker 9>cutting edge of policy in the Harris administration.

1:13:31.080 --> 1:13:34.559
<v Speaker 2>Would you be open to a potential position in a

1:13:34.600 --> 1:13:35.600
<v Speaker 2>Harris administration?

1:13:37.720 --> 1:13:41.240
<v Speaker 9>I had a suspicion, you might ask, I have never

1:13:41.320 --> 1:13:51.560
<v Speaker 9>turned down an opportunity to serve my country.

1:13:57.360 --> 1:14:00.240
<v Speaker 2>So that was our live recording of the podcast at

1:14:00.280 --> 1:14:04.080
<v Speaker 2>Caveat in New York. I can't believe after all that

1:14:04.080 --> 1:14:05.920
<v Speaker 2>that it's actually election day.

1:14:05.960 --> 1:14:08.400
<v Speaker 4>Now, Wait, did we find out last night who's going

1:14:08.439 --> 1:14:08.680
<v Speaker 4>to win?

1:14:08.720 --> 1:14:09.880
<v Speaker 3>I forget did anyone?

1:14:09.920 --> 1:14:12.320
<v Speaker 4>I think that's the one question we forgot to ask.

1:14:12.400 --> 1:14:14.120
<v Speaker 4>We should have put.

1:14:13.920 --> 1:14:17.479
<v Speaker 2>Everyone on the spot. Yeah maybe not okay, but we

1:14:17.600 --> 1:14:19.720
<v Speaker 2>hope if you came to the show that you enjoyed it.

1:14:19.800 --> 1:14:22.240
<v Speaker 2>We are hoping to do more of these events in

1:14:22.280 --> 1:14:25.040
<v Speaker 2>the future, so if you liked it, please let us know.

1:14:25.600 --> 1:14:28.400
<v Speaker 2>And in the meantime, a big thank you to everyone

1:14:28.400 --> 1:14:33.280
<v Speaker 2>who worked to make this possible, notably Carmen Rodriguez, our producer,

1:14:33.400 --> 1:14:36.240
<v Speaker 2>and Kate Seaberry at the Bloomberg Events team, as well

1:14:36.280 --> 1:14:38.120
<v Speaker 2>as the entire crew at Caveat.

1:14:38.240 --> 1:14:40.719
<v Speaker 4>Thank you so much, and again, we'll do it again

1:14:40.720 --> 1:14:43.360
<v Speaker 4>in four years, but all the things in the meantime,

1:14:43.479 --> 1:14:44.200
<v Speaker 4>shall we leave it there?

1:14:44.280 --> 1:14:45.040
<v Speaker 3>Let's leave it there.

1:14:45.400 --> 1:14:47.839
<v Speaker 2>This has been another episode of the All Thoughts podcast.

1:14:47.920 --> 1:14:50.719
<v Speaker 2>I'm Tracy Alloway. You can follow me at Tracy Alloway.

1:14:51.120 --> 1:14:54.000
<v Speaker 4>I'm Jill Wassenthal. You can follow me at the Stalwart.

1:14:54.200 --> 1:14:56.040
<v Speaker 4>Follow all of the guests that we had last night.

1:14:56.120 --> 1:14:59.799
<v Speaker 4>Follow Zoe Lu She's at Zongwin. Zoe Lou followed Jordan

1:15:00.080 --> 1:15:05.920
<v Speaker 4>Schneider He's at Jordan sch NYC. Follow Zvimashwitz He's at

1:15:05.920 --> 1:15:10.240
<v Speaker 4>the v Follow Neil Detta at renmac Llc. Follow Scanda

1:15:10.280 --> 1:15:14.080
<v Speaker 4>Emerneth at Irving Swisher, and follow Brad Setzer at Brad

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<v Speaker 4>Underscore Setzer. Follow our producers Kerman Rodriguez at Kerman Erman

1:15:18.240 --> 1:15:21.719
<v Speaker 4>dash Ol Bennett at dashbot and Klee Brooks at Kale Brooks.

1:15:21.880 --> 1:15:24.400
<v Speaker 4>Thank you to our producer Moses Ondam. For more odd

1:15:24.479 --> 1:15:27.000
<v Speaker 4>Laws content, go to Bloomberg dot com slash od lots,

1:15:27.040 --> 1:15:29.800
<v Speaker 4>where we have transcripts of blog and a newsletter and

1:15:29.840 --> 1:15:32.000
<v Speaker 4>you can chat about all of these topics, including the

1:15:32.000 --> 1:15:35.160
<v Speaker 4>election twenty four to seven, in our discord discord dot

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<v Speaker 4>gg slash odlins.

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<v Speaker 2>And if you enjoy odlots, If you like it when

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