1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:04,560 Speaker 1: Welcome to Noble Blood, a production of iHeartRadio and Grimm 2 00:00:04,640 --> 00:00:12,160 Speaker 1: and Mild from Aaron Manky Listener discretion advised. On September eighth, 3 00:00:12,360 --> 00:00:17,360 Speaker 1: eighteen ninety, the Prince of Wales, Albert Edward aka the 4 00:00:17,440 --> 00:00:21,439 Speaker 1: son of Queen Victoria and the future King Edward the sixth, 5 00:00:22,000 --> 00:00:25,119 Speaker 1: arrived in the town of Hull for a night of 6 00:00:25,160 --> 00:00:30,159 Speaker 1: debauchery with a retinue of fellow bachelors and ladies. He 7 00:00:30,320 --> 00:00:35,240 Speaker 1: was staying at an italianate mansion given the slightly pretentious 8 00:00:35,320 --> 00:00:39,360 Speaker 1: name tran be Croft, an estate owned by the wealthy 9 00:00:39,440 --> 00:00:44,760 Speaker 1: shipowner Arthur Wilson. After dinner, someone in the group proposed 10 00:00:44,880 --> 00:00:49,360 Speaker 1: that they all play baccarat. Though baccarat had been recently 11 00:00:49,479 --> 00:00:53,200 Speaker 1: made illegal if money was involved, it was still all 12 00:00:53,240 --> 00:00:57,960 Speaker 1: the rage amongst the upper crust. Albert would frequently spend 13 00:00:58,040 --> 00:01:02,440 Speaker 1: evenings at Marlborough House playing a backie, as he called it, 14 00:01:02,960 --> 00:01:06,000 Speaker 1: when he wasn't going to the opera or attending wild 15 00:01:06,120 --> 00:01:10,039 Speaker 1: parties with courts girls. Even though there was no baccerrat 16 00:01:10,120 --> 00:01:14,280 Speaker 1: table at tranby Croft, the guests made a makeshift one 17 00:01:14,640 --> 00:01:18,200 Speaker 1: by pulling three tables together and covering them with a 18 00:01:18,240 --> 00:01:23,119 Speaker 1: colored tapestry in case you're unfamiliar. In Baccert, there are 19 00:01:23,120 --> 00:01:27,640 Speaker 1: two participants, the player and the banker, who each draw 20 00:01:27,840 --> 00:01:32,160 Speaker 1: two cards face down on the table. The other participants 21 00:01:32,240 --> 00:01:36,040 Speaker 1: bet on either the player or the banker's hand, depending 22 00:01:36,120 --> 00:01:40,520 Speaker 1: on which they believe will add up closest to nine. 23 00:01:40,560 --> 00:01:45,120 Speaker 1: That evening, Albert played the banker. He passed out fancy 24 00:01:45,319 --> 00:01:49,400 Speaker 1: leather counters stamped on one side with the Prince of 25 00:01:49,400 --> 00:01:53,040 Speaker 1: Wales's feathers in gold, and on the other with either 26 00:01:53,280 --> 00:01:58,880 Speaker 1: two pounds or five pounds, essentially personalized poker chips. While 27 00:01:58,920 --> 00:02:03,360 Speaker 1: the game appeared to be proceeding as normal, Arthur Wilson's 28 00:02:03,600 --> 00:02:10,399 Speaker 1: son noticed something suspicious. Another player, Fourth Baronet Sir William 29 00:02:10,520 --> 00:02:14,280 Speaker 1: Gordon Cumming, was keeping track of whether the banker or 30 00:02:14,440 --> 00:02:18,800 Speaker 1: player won on a piece of scrap paper. Wilson's son, 31 00:02:18,960 --> 00:02:22,200 Speaker 1: a young man in his twenties, thought he saw Gordon 32 00:02:22,320 --> 00:02:26,920 Speaker 1: Cumming secretly add extra money to his bet when the 33 00:02:26,960 --> 00:02:31,280 Speaker 1: player's cards were good, and withdraw money when the player's 34 00:02:31,320 --> 00:02:35,960 Speaker 1: cards were bad. Wilson's son turned to another player at 35 00:02:35,960 --> 00:02:38,480 Speaker 1: the table and told him the man next to me 36 00:02:38,680 --> 00:02:42,600 Speaker 1: is cheating. Lo and behold. When that player started observing 37 00:02:42,760 --> 00:02:47,560 Speaker 1: Gordon Cummings, he caught him cheating as well. Neither that 38 00:02:47,639 --> 00:02:52,560 Speaker 1: player nor Wilson's son said anything at the time, perhaps 39 00:02:52,800 --> 00:02:56,120 Speaker 1: loath to call out a gentleman. But when the game 40 00:02:56,360 --> 00:02:59,560 Speaker 1: ended and the group went off to bed, the two 41 00:02:59,680 --> 00:03:03,720 Speaker 1: discs gust what they should do next. Wilson's son was 42 00:03:03,840 --> 00:03:07,600 Speaker 1: relatively low rank. He was considered a lay about who 43 00:03:07,680 --> 00:03:12,160 Speaker 1: had dropped out of Cambridge and stagnated. Similarly, his friend 44 00:03:12,440 --> 00:03:17,239 Speaker 1: was an officer in Gordon Cumming's regiment. He wouldn't feel 45 00:03:17,280 --> 00:03:22,480 Speaker 1: comfortable betraying his superior's loyalty, and so the pair mutually 46 00:03:22,520 --> 00:03:27,560 Speaker 1: agreed to hold their tongues. But the cheating wouldn't stay 47 00:03:27,760 --> 00:03:32,480 Speaker 1: secret for long. Wilson's son told his brother in law 48 00:03:32,800 --> 00:03:37,160 Speaker 1: and his mother, who had exclaimed, for goodness's sake, don't 49 00:03:37,240 --> 00:03:41,160 Speaker 1: let us have a scandal here. But despite her very 50 00:03:41,240 --> 00:03:46,680 Speaker 1: precient warning, a scandal this became, and unfortunately for her, 51 00:03:47,160 --> 00:03:51,760 Speaker 1: a scandal that became named after their house. This minor 52 00:03:51,960 --> 00:03:56,840 Speaker 1: cheating scandal among gentlemen friends would spiral out of control 53 00:03:57,320 --> 00:04:01,520 Speaker 1: until the Prince of Wales himself, the heir to the throne, 54 00:04:01,640 --> 00:04:05,360 Speaker 1: ended up being put on trial. One of the only 55 00:04:05,520 --> 00:04:09,800 Speaker 1: times in English history that a senior royal has appeared 56 00:04:09,880 --> 00:04:14,400 Speaker 1: in court. I'm Danish Schwartz and this is noble blood. 57 00:04:18,160 --> 00:04:21,720 Speaker 1: The evening after that first game of backer at Albert, 58 00:04:21,880 --> 00:04:24,640 Speaker 1: Gordon Cumming, the Wilsons and the rest of the crew 59 00:04:24,720 --> 00:04:28,320 Speaker 1: staying at Tranby Croft all sat down for another game. 60 00:04:29,040 --> 00:04:33,960 Speaker 1: The Wilsons saw Gordon Cumming cheat again, using the same 61 00:04:34,040 --> 00:04:37,760 Speaker 1: method he had attempted the night before. This time, the 62 00:04:37,800 --> 00:04:42,200 Speaker 1: Wilson family spoke out. The following day, after watching the 63 00:04:42,200 --> 00:04:46,560 Speaker 1: horse races at Doncaster, the Wilsons went to two courtiers 64 00:04:46,800 --> 00:04:50,920 Speaker 1: and revealed what they had seen. Despite having no physical 65 00:04:50,960 --> 00:04:54,440 Speaker 1: evidence to prove their case, the two courtiers took the 66 00:04:54,480 --> 00:04:58,599 Speaker 1: accusation seriously and decided to go to the Prince before 67 00:04:58,680 --> 00:05:02,960 Speaker 1: confronting Gordon c Coming about it. The courtiers decided to 68 00:05:03,000 --> 00:05:06,440 Speaker 1: approach Albert before dinner, and they told him about the 69 00:05:06,680 --> 00:05:13,000 Speaker 1: developing scandal. Albert was horrified. He believed the accusation immediately. 70 00:05:13,600 --> 00:05:17,520 Speaker 1: It's actually a bit strange how quickly he believed the accusation, 71 00:05:18,000 --> 00:05:21,760 Speaker 1: given that he and Gordon coming were old friends while 72 00:05:21,760 --> 00:05:26,599 Speaker 1: the Wilsons were near strangers. Reflecting later, the Prince would 73 00:05:26,640 --> 00:05:30,760 Speaker 1: say quote the charges appeared to be so unanimous that 74 00:05:30,839 --> 00:05:33,920 Speaker 1: it was the proper course. No other course was open 75 00:05:34,000 --> 00:05:37,560 Speaker 1: to me than to believe them. They decided that the 76 00:05:37,600 --> 00:05:41,000 Speaker 1: best way to quash this cheating scandal would be to 77 00:05:41,080 --> 00:05:44,680 Speaker 1: confront Gordon Coming about it before the next game of 78 00:05:44,760 --> 00:05:49,480 Speaker 1: baccarat began. The two courtiers initially went to Gordon Coming 79 00:05:49,600 --> 00:05:53,679 Speaker 1: privately and warned him that he had been charged with cheating, 80 00:05:54,160 --> 00:05:57,640 Speaker 1: but Gordon Comming brushed it off. Quote do you believe 81 00:05:57,720 --> 00:06:02,880 Speaker 1: the statements of a parcel of inex vurienced boys? He asked. Later, 82 00:06:03,080 --> 00:06:07,240 Speaker 1: the Wilsons sat down with Albert and Gordon Cumming and 83 00:06:07,360 --> 00:06:11,440 Speaker 1: made the accusation to his face. Gordon Cumming tried to 84 00:06:11,600 --> 00:06:16,200 Speaker 1: dispute the story once again, but Albert retorted, what can 85 00:06:16,200 --> 00:06:20,040 Speaker 1: you do? There are five accusers against you. The group 86 00:06:20,279 --> 00:06:23,840 Speaker 1: mandated that Gordon Cumming leave the room for half an hour. 87 00:06:24,279 --> 00:06:27,680 Speaker 1: When he returned, he was asked to sign a document 88 00:06:28,000 --> 00:06:32,160 Speaker 1: which stated that Albert, the Wilsons, and the courtiers agreed 89 00:06:32,320 --> 00:06:35,960 Speaker 1: to keep his cheating a secret if Gordon Cumming agreed 90 00:06:36,040 --> 00:06:39,719 Speaker 1: to quote never play cards again as long as he lived. 91 00:06:40,360 --> 00:06:43,880 Speaker 1: Gordon Cumming refused to sign the document since it would 92 00:06:43,920 --> 00:06:47,560 Speaker 1: function as an admission of guilt, but the Wilsons were 93 00:06:47,600 --> 00:06:51,360 Speaker 1: emphatic that if he didn't they would spread the story 94 00:06:51,400 --> 00:06:54,760 Speaker 1: at the race course the next day, and so finally 95 00:06:54,839 --> 00:06:58,479 Speaker 1: he signed the document along with the Prince and the 96 00:06:58,600 --> 00:07:02,360 Speaker 1: nine other men who had play laid backrat with him. 97 00:07:02,800 --> 00:07:05,200 Speaker 1: In case you were wondering how much he was being 98 00:07:05,200 --> 00:07:09,320 Speaker 1: accused of stealing, in his two games at tranby Croft, 99 00:07:09,680 --> 00:07:13,480 Speaker 1: Gordon Cumming had made two hundred and twenty five pounds 100 00:07:13,960 --> 00:07:18,040 Speaker 1: over twenty four thousand pounds in twenty twenty five. Adjusted 101 00:07:18,080 --> 00:07:22,600 Speaker 1: for inflation. This was a significant amount of money, but 102 00:07:22,800 --> 00:07:26,040 Speaker 1: it wouldn't have raised any red flags amongst the high 103 00:07:26,120 --> 00:07:30,880 Speaker 1: rolling Marlborough House set. Instead, the real issue with Gordon 104 00:07:30,920 --> 00:07:34,920 Speaker 1: Cumming's cheating was the breach of honor. It indicated that 105 00:07:35,000 --> 00:07:39,520 Speaker 1: he could not be trusted. That said, while Gordon Cumbing 106 00:07:39,800 --> 00:07:42,920 Speaker 1: was willing to sign the document under pressure, in the end, 107 00:07:43,480 --> 00:07:48,240 Speaker 1: it's still unclear whether or not he really cheated. After all, 108 00:07:48,320 --> 00:07:51,960 Speaker 1: the only evidence we have is hearsay from the Wilsons, 109 00:07:52,240 --> 00:07:56,680 Speaker 1: who had almost no baccarat experience. A lawyer in nineteen 110 00:07:56,720 --> 00:07:59,720 Speaker 1: seventy seven, looking at the case nearly a century later, 111 00:08:00,360 --> 00:08:05,120 Speaker 1: actually suggested that Gordon Cumming must have been innocent, arguing 112 00:08:05,240 --> 00:08:09,240 Speaker 1: that a man trying to cheat would not so brazenly 113 00:08:09,400 --> 00:08:13,200 Speaker 1: place his extra counters on the table where everyone could 114 00:08:13,200 --> 00:08:17,960 Speaker 1: have seen them, But historian Jane Ridley contends that Gordon 115 00:08:18,000 --> 00:08:22,280 Speaker 1: Cumming was probably guilty. It turned out that cheating at bacrat, 116 00:08:22,520 --> 00:08:26,560 Speaker 1: especially when playing with the prince, was relatively common practice. 117 00:08:26,960 --> 00:08:31,440 Speaker 1: Albert insisted on playing baccarat at most country house parties, 118 00:08:31,840 --> 00:08:35,920 Speaker 1: much to his courtier's chagrin, who were tired of losing money. 119 00:08:36,640 --> 00:08:40,559 Speaker 1: Instead of potentially angering the Prince by refusing to play, 120 00:08:41,000 --> 00:08:43,560 Speaker 1: they would cheat so they could resist the Prince in 121 00:08:43,640 --> 00:08:48,080 Speaker 1: secret and avoid losing too much. The two witnesses, who 122 00:08:48,120 --> 00:08:51,559 Speaker 1: were younger members of the court, may not have known 123 00:08:51,760 --> 00:08:55,480 Speaker 1: that cheating was so rampant, and naively made it a 124 00:08:55,520 --> 00:08:59,880 Speaker 1: bigger deal than it actually was. One courtier, reflecting on 125 00:09:00,120 --> 00:09:03,800 Speaker 1: this period, said, quote, we all cheated. It was such 126 00:09:03,840 --> 00:09:07,319 Speaker 1: a nuisance being made to play and lose money, and 127 00:09:07,520 --> 00:09:11,720 Speaker 1: the young men longed to be dancing instead. But coming 128 00:09:11,920 --> 00:09:15,120 Speaker 1: cheated too much, and he had a lot of enemies 129 00:09:15,400 --> 00:09:19,880 Speaker 1: end quote. Still, it was surprising that the Wilsons were 130 00:09:19,880 --> 00:09:23,600 Speaker 1: willing to go up against Gordon Comming. Gordon Cumming owned 131 00:09:23,679 --> 00:09:27,560 Speaker 1: thirty eight thousand acres of land in Scotland, and he 132 00:09:27,640 --> 00:09:31,199 Speaker 1: had a noble lineage going all the way back to Charlemagne. 133 00:09:31,240 --> 00:09:35,240 Speaker 1: More importantly, he was close with Albert, even letting the 134 00:09:35,240 --> 00:09:40,280 Speaker 1: Prince use his home in Belgravia for secret liaisons. Meanwhile, 135 00:09:40,400 --> 00:09:44,640 Speaker 1: the Wilsons were, as Jane Ridley put it, quote second 136 00:09:44,800 --> 00:09:49,600 Speaker 1: generation nouveau reche, and they had no specifically close ties 137 00:09:49,679 --> 00:09:53,839 Speaker 1: with the Prince. But Gordon Cumming did have a reputation, 138 00:09:54,400 --> 00:09:59,280 Speaker 1: particularly one as a lithario. He was known for being handsome, 139 00:09:59,400 --> 00:10:02,920 Speaker 1: with a five mustache, a keen wit, and such a 140 00:10:02,960 --> 00:10:05,960 Speaker 1: willingness to speak out of turn that he was called 141 00:10:06,120 --> 00:10:10,000 Speaker 1: quote the most arrogant man in London. He was also 142 00:10:10,160 --> 00:10:14,480 Speaker 1: quite the womanizer, who managed to I'm quoting him here 143 00:10:15,200 --> 00:10:19,280 Speaker 1: perforate as he called it, many women, and had a 144 00:10:19,440 --> 00:10:24,600 Speaker 1: controversial preference for married women. He once boasted all the 145 00:10:24,679 --> 00:10:29,719 Speaker 1: married women try me. That may have been his downfall. 146 00:10:30,440 --> 00:10:34,880 Speaker 1: Two days before Gordon Cumming was caught cheating at tranby Croft, 147 00:10:35,440 --> 00:10:39,559 Speaker 1: Albert arrived at Gordon Cumming's London home only to find 148 00:10:39,600 --> 00:10:46,720 Speaker 1: him seducing Daisy Brook, Albert's married mistress, much to Albert's humiliation. 149 00:10:47,280 --> 00:10:50,760 Speaker 1: He might have wanted to punish Gordon Cumming, and this 150 00:10:50,920 --> 00:10:54,520 Speaker 1: cheating scandal gave him the perfect opportunity to do so, 151 00:10:55,400 --> 00:11:00,000 Speaker 1: but still possibly clouded by a desire for revenge, Albert 152 00:10:59,760 --> 00:11:03,320 Speaker 1: made a major mistake in signing his name on the 153 00:11:03,400 --> 00:11:08,360 Speaker 1: document where Gordon Cumming admitted his guilt. His involvement with 154 00:11:08,480 --> 00:11:12,920 Speaker 1: the scandal made it much more high profile, and his 155 00:11:13,080 --> 00:11:18,160 Speaker 1: signature was evident that he had been gambling illegally. Queen 156 00:11:18,240 --> 00:11:23,120 Speaker 1: Victoria later wrote, the incredible and shameful thing is that 157 00:11:23,280 --> 00:11:26,840 Speaker 1: others dragged Albert into it and urged him to sign 158 00:11:26,920 --> 00:11:30,040 Speaker 1: the paper, which of course he should never have done. 159 00:11:31,120 --> 00:11:34,600 Speaker 1: At the time, Albert had no idea what a mistake 160 00:11:34,640 --> 00:11:39,200 Speaker 1: he had made. His confrontation with Gordon Cumming seemed to 161 00:11:39,280 --> 00:11:42,920 Speaker 1: settle the cheating dispute, and he had agreed in writing 162 00:11:43,160 --> 00:11:47,400 Speaker 1: never to speak of it again. Albert sealed Gordon Cumming's 163 00:11:47,440 --> 00:11:50,640 Speaker 1: signed paper and an account of the events by one 164 00:11:50,640 --> 00:11:53,480 Speaker 1: of his courtiers in a packet to keep it safe. 165 00:11:54,080 --> 00:11:58,200 Speaker 1: He left Tranbycroft the morning after and was literally off 166 00:11:58,240 --> 00:12:01,920 Speaker 1: to the races for another day of gambling and cavorting, 167 00:12:02,720 --> 00:12:06,360 Speaker 1: but soon the secrets of tranby Croft would be out, 168 00:12:06,840 --> 00:12:10,319 Speaker 1: and they would drag the Prince into a public scandal 169 00:12:10,800 --> 00:12:18,280 Speaker 1: beyond his wildest imagination. In January eighteen ninety one, Albert 170 00:12:18,400 --> 00:12:22,400 Speaker 1: saw a shocking headline in the American Press. One paper 171 00:12:22,520 --> 00:12:26,719 Speaker 1: published a portrait of his mistress, Daisy Brook with the 172 00:12:26,720 --> 00:12:32,640 Speaker 1: headline the Babbling Brook. The story detailed the backrat scandal, 173 00:12:32,760 --> 00:12:37,280 Speaker 1: including the Prince's involvement, and accused Daisy of leaking it. 174 00:12:37,920 --> 00:12:42,360 Speaker 1: Daisy wrote to the editors denying the charges, arguing that 175 00:12:42,400 --> 00:12:45,640 Speaker 1: she was not at tranby Croft at the time and 176 00:12:45,760 --> 00:12:49,560 Speaker 1: could not have known about Gordon Cummings cheating, but the 177 00:12:49,720 --> 00:12:53,160 Speaker 1: editors replied that the story had been submitted by their 178 00:12:53,280 --> 00:12:58,319 Speaker 1: London correspondent, a quote lady moving in the Best Society, 179 00:12:58,760 --> 00:13:02,440 Speaker 1: who swore that day had revealed the secret if she 180 00:13:02,600 --> 00:13:06,280 Speaker 1: did spill the beans. Daisy may have learned the story 181 00:13:06,320 --> 00:13:12,000 Speaker 1: from Albert himself. After Albert's stint at tranby Croft, he 182 00:13:12,160 --> 00:13:15,400 Speaker 1: met up with the Lord and Lady Brooke for Tea 183 00:13:15,600 --> 00:13:19,720 Speaker 1: and could possibly have told the couple what happened. Daisy, 184 00:13:19,960 --> 00:13:24,160 Speaker 1: known for her indiscretion, could have plausibly spread the story 185 00:13:24,200 --> 00:13:28,680 Speaker 1: even further In any case, the secret was out. A 186 00:13:28,720 --> 00:13:32,600 Speaker 1: few weeks earlier, Gordon Cumming begged Albert to let him 187 00:13:32,600 --> 00:13:36,360 Speaker 1: back into his social circle. The forfeiture of your esteem, 188 00:13:36,520 --> 00:13:41,200 Speaker 1: he wrote, is the quote cruelest blow of all. But 189 00:13:41,400 --> 00:13:46,880 Speaker 1: despite Gordon Cumming's groveling, Albert did not respond. But now 190 00:13:46,880 --> 00:13:50,840 Speaker 1: that the tranby Croft affair was public knowledge, Gordon Cumming 191 00:13:51,120 --> 00:13:54,960 Speaker 1: changed his mind. He wasn't going to make good. He 192 00:13:55,080 --> 00:13:59,200 Speaker 1: prepared to bring an action for slander against the Wilson 193 00:13:59,280 --> 00:14:04,160 Speaker 1: family and take them to court, claiming five thousand pounds 194 00:14:04,200 --> 00:14:09,320 Speaker 1: in damages. The Prince's courtiers tried to avoid the embarrassment 195 00:14:09,400 --> 00:14:13,240 Speaker 1: of having Albert appear in civil court by putting a 196 00:14:13,320 --> 00:14:16,840 Speaker 1: military court on the case instead, which would deal with 197 00:14:16,880 --> 00:14:22,200 Speaker 1: the matter privately. The Adjunct General initially agreed to adjudicate 198 00:14:22,240 --> 00:14:25,560 Speaker 1: the case, but then he changed his mind, believing that 199 00:14:25,720 --> 00:14:30,560 Speaker 1: doing so would be an unfair intrusion on justice. The 200 00:14:30,640 --> 00:14:34,720 Speaker 1: Prince appealed to his brother Arthur, who was the colonel 201 00:14:34,800 --> 00:14:39,520 Speaker 1: in chief of Gordon Cumming's regiment, and he too refused 202 00:14:39,640 --> 00:14:43,600 Speaker 1: to get involved. He said, quote, being the Prince's brother, 203 00:14:43,760 --> 00:14:46,600 Speaker 1: it was more than ever incumbent on me not to 204 00:14:46,680 --> 00:14:49,840 Speaker 1: allow myself to be used in a way that might 205 00:14:50,000 --> 00:14:53,680 Speaker 1: cause the world to think that Cumming was being sacrificed 206 00:14:53,800 --> 00:14:57,680 Speaker 1: to the prince. He thought, probably correctly, that it would 207 00:14:57,760 --> 00:15:03,360 Speaker 1: fuel conspiratorial thinking and mistrust if the military protected the 208 00:15:03,400 --> 00:15:07,800 Speaker 1: monarchy from the normal rule of law. Arthur was right. 209 00:15:08,280 --> 00:15:12,480 Speaker 1: Albert was ambassted in the press for attempting to hamper 210 00:15:12,680 --> 00:15:16,840 Speaker 1: the court case, while Gordon Cumming looked like a martyr 211 00:15:17,240 --> 00:15:22,400 Speaker 1: being unfairly punished by London's elite. Albert braced himself for 212 00:15:22,480 --> 00:15:26,440 Speaker 1: the rebuke of his mother, Queen Victoria, and he refused 213 00:15:26,560 --> 00:15:29,160 Speaker 1: to go see her at Windsor if she planned to 214 00:15:29,280 --> 00:15:33,480 Speaker 1: scold him about gambling. One of the queen's friends stepped 215 00:15:33,480 --> 00:15:37,240 Speaker 1: in and tried to convince her to be gentle with Albert. 216 00:15:37,920 --> 00:15:43,160 Speaker 1: Victoria seemed sympathetic to her son, who had been dreadfully 217 00:15:43,240 --> 00:15:46,920 Speaker 1: attacked and was in a dreadful state. In her words, 218 00:15:47,400 --> 00:15:51,680 Speaker 1: She told Albert about her dislike of gambling in general terms, 219 00:15:52,120 --> 00:15:56,920 Speaker 1: but let him off the hook for the most part. Still, 220 00:15:57,040 --> 00:16:01,320 Speaker 1: Albert seemed distressed about his upcoming court case. He canceled 221 00:16:01,360 --> 00:16:04,800 Speaker 1: his spring trip to the south of France. One side 222 00:16:04,840 --> 00:16:08,200 Speaker 1: of his beard apparently had turned gray from the stress. 223 00:16:08,760 --> 00:16:12,600 Speaker 1: He discussed the case constantly and sought his friend's advice 224 00:16:12,760 --> 00:16:15,240 Speaker 1: on what to do, but all of them told him 225 00:16:15,280 --> 00:16:18,840 Speaker 1: to sit back and let the court proceed. Even the 226 00:16:18,920 --> 00:16:22,680 Speaker 1: Queen acknowledged that although it was a quote sad thing 227 00:16:22,920 --> 00:16:26,040 Speaker 1: that Bertie was dragged into it, the case might be 228 00:16:26,160 --> 00:16:30,360 Speaker 1: a quote shock to society and to gambling that would 229 00:16:30,440 --> 00:16:35,360 Speaker 1: promote better behavior. She hoped. This silver lining was no 230 00:16:35,560 --> 00:16:39,560 Speaker 1: solace to Albert quote. The whole thing has caused me 231 00:16:39,720 --> 00:16:45,080 Speaker 1: the most serious annoyance and vexation, he wrote. Finally, the 232 00:16:45,200 --> 00:16:49,240 Speaker 1: trial began on June first, eighteen ninety one. While the 233 00:16:49,280 --> 00:16:53,720 Speaker 1: trial was set to start at eleven, ticket holders began 234 00:16:53,880 --> 00:16:57,000 Speaker 1: getting in line at nine thirty, and the court was 235 00:16:57,040 --> 00:17:00,480 Speaker 1: already packed to the brim by ten thirty. The case 236 00:17:00,520 --> 00:17:05,919 Speaker 1: had become a popular sensation, inspiring not only extensive press 237 00:17:05,960 --> 00:17:10,800 Speaker 1: coverage but also several music hall songs and jokes about 238 00:17:11,160 --> 00:17:16,399 Speaker 1: backing a rat get it. The spectators dressed up for 239 00:17:16,440 --> 00:17:20,520 Speaker 1: the proceedings, with women in their most fashionable dresses and bonnets, 240 00:17:20,960 --> 00:17:23,959 Speaker 1: armed with opera glasses to get a better look. The 241 00:17:24,000 --> 00:17:29,080 Speaker 1: Pall Mall Gazette reported that the court presented an appearance 242 00:17:29,119 --> 00:17:32,880 Speaker 1: which save for the dignity of its own fittings and 243 00:17:32,960 --> 00:17:37,000 Speaker 1: its rose of learned looking lawbooks might have been taken 244 00:17:37,240 --> 00:17:41,880 Speaker 1: for a theater at a fashionable matinee. A little before eleven, 245 00:17:42,359 --> 00:17:46,800 Speaker 1: Albert finally entered the courtroom wearing a black frock coat, 246 00:17:47,200 --> 00:17:49,800 Speaker 1: and he took a seat in a red Morocco chair 247 00:17:50,040 --> 00:17:54,560 Speaker 1: right in front. The Prince didn't look too stressed as 248 00:17:54,600 --> 00:17:58,800 Speaker 1: the proceedings began. He smiled and kept his arms crossed 249 00:17:58,840 --> 00:18:03,040 Speaker 1: throughout the opening stone. The Solicitor General made an opening 250 00:18:03,119 --> 00:18:06,560 Speaker 1: speech on behalf of Gordon coming, and after that he 251 00:18:06,720 --> 00:18:11,399 Speaker 1: questioned Gordon coming on the stand, emphasizing his innocence and 252 00:18:11,440 --> 00:18:15,119 Speaker 1: that he was unfairly accused. To save the rest of 253 00:18:15,200 --> 00:18:20,600 Speaker 1: the court. The Illustrated London News wrote that Gordon Cumming 254 00:18:20,760 --> 00:18:25,240 Speaker 1: made an admirable witness, leaning easily on the rail, his 255 00:18:25,440 --> 00:18:29,600 Speaker 1: gray gloved left hand resting easily on the bare right, 256 00:18:30,200 --> 00:18:36,440 Speaker 1: perfectly dressed, his tones, equitable, firm, neither overhurried nor over deliberate, 257 00:18:37,040 --> 00:18:41,800 Speaker 1: cool but not too cool end quote. His performance didn't 258 00:18:41,800 --> 00:18:45,600 Speaker 1: seem to threaten Albert. One of Albert's courtiers reported that 259 00:18:45,640 --> 00:18:49,000 Speaker 1: the Prince was rather tired after sitting in court for 260 00:18:49,040 --> 00:18:53,000 Speaker 1: six hours, but seemed confident that his side would prevail, 261 00:18:53,560 --> 00:18:58,639 Speaker 1: saying the case was going strongly against coming. It was 262 00:18:58,760 --> 00:19:02,720 Speaker 1: Albert's turn to testify the next day. He didn't seem 263 00:19:02,760 --> 00:19:08,119 Speaker 1: particularly nervous at first, but one journalist observed him stroking 264 00:19:08,160 --> 00:19:12,000 Speaker 1: his beard for seven minutes, and another thought he looked 265 00:19:12,080 --> 00:19:17,160 Speaker 1: quote anxious and worn on the stand. The Prince responded quickly, 266 00:19:17,280 --> 00:19:20,160 Speaker 1: in such a hoarse, low voice that he was hard 267 00:19:20,200 --> 00:19:24,960 Speaker 1: to hear. He seemed non committal, changing his position over 268 00:19:25,000 --> 00:19:28,000 Speaker 1: the course of the twenty minutes he was examined and 269 00:19:28,200 --> 00:19:32,000 Speaker 1: flushed when he was asked a tough question. After the 270 00:19:32,080 --> 00:19:35,240 Speaker 1: lawyers finished, a man from the jury asked a question 271 00:19:36,080 --> 00:19:39,439 Speaker 1: as banker during the backer at game, did the Prince 272 00:19:39,720 --> 00:19:45,080 Speaker 1: notice Gordon coming cheating? Albert said no. Then the juror 273 00:19:45,160 --> 00:19:48,840 Speaker 1: asked if he believed the charges against Gordon coming at 274 00:19:48,880 --> 00:19:53,320 Speaker 1: the time, and Albert said yes. Even though journalists and 275 00:19:53,480 --> 00:19:58,040 Speaker 1: spectators alike were not entirely impressed with Albert's performance, the 276 00:19:58,119 --> 00:20:03,120 Speaker 1: defendants had bigger prop Lycett Green, the member of the 277 00:20:03,160 --> 00:20:07,960 Speaker 1: Wilson family most incensed by Gordon. Cummings's conduct, was a 278 00:20:08,040 --> 00:20:12,879 Speaker 1: disaster on the stand. According to one report, Green was 279 00:20:13,080 --> 00:20:18,960 Speaker 1: quote deplorable in every way, voice, manner, and matter. As 280 00:20:19,000 --> 00:20:23,120 Speaker 1: he was cross examined, Green lost control of his emotions 281 00:20:23,480 --> 00:20:27,320 Speaker 1: and seemed to barely remember anything about that night. He 282 00:20:27,400 --> 00:20:31,280 Speaker 1: did not understand the rules of baccarat and could hardly 283 00:20:31,320 --> 00:20:35,199 Speaker 1: explain how Gordon Cumming cheated in the first place. To 284 00:20:35,200 --> 00:20:38,040 Speaker 1: be frank, I don't understand the rules of baccarat either, 285 00:20:38,119 --> 00:20:41,080 Speaker 1: and it seems a little vague to me. But even 286 00:20:41,160 --> 00:20:45,720 Speaker 1: worse on Monday, June eighth, the barrister tore the Wilson's 287 00:20:45,800 --> 00:20:51,440 Speaker 1: case apart. He pointed out that nobody except Stanley Wilson 288 00:20:51,920 --> 00:20:56,679 Speaker 1: Arthur Wilson's young son saw any foul play, except a 289 00:20:56,720 --> 00:21:00,520 Speaker 1: person who was already expecting to see it. He accused 290 00:21:00,600 --> 00:21:04,440 Speaker 1: Albert and his courtiers of only pretending to be friends 291 00:21:04,520 --> 00:21:09,200 Speaker 1: with Gordon, coming discarding him when he threatened the prince's reputation. 292 00:21:09,960 --> 00:21:14,320 Speaker 1: The barrister said, quote, there's a strong and subtle influence 293 00:21:14,359 --> 00:21:19,760 Speaker 1: of royalty, a personal influence which has perplexed the historian 294 00:21:20,000 --> 00:21:24,800 Speaker 1: with unknightly and dishonoring deeds done by men of character, 295 00:21:25,280 --> 00:21:28,679 Speaker 1: and done by them to save the interests of a 296 00:21:28,760 --> 00:21:33,320 Speaker 1: dynasty or to conceal the foibles of a prince. Even 297 00:21:33,400 --> 00:21:37,080 Speaker 1: though the jury and the tide of public opinion seemed 298 00:21:37,080 --> 00:21:40,480 Speaker 1: to have turned against the Prince, Albert would have to 299 00:21:40,560 --> 00:21:44,080 Speaker 1: wait until the next day to officially hear the verdict. 300 00:21:46,200 --> 00:21:50,680 Speaker 1: After seven days of testimony, June ninth, eighteen ninety one 301 00:21:50,880 --> 00:21:55,600 Speaker 1: was the final day of the tranby Croft trial. Lord Coleridge, 302 00:21:55,720 --> 00:21:59,520 Speaker 1: the Lord Chief Justice, who often incidentally kept a pet 303 00:21:59,640 --> 00:22:03,680 Speaker 1: ferret under his robes in the courtroom, spent four hours 304 00:22:03,800 --> 00:22:08,240 Speaker 1: summarizing the case. The press reported that in this speech 305 00:22:08,600 --> 00:22:13,560 Speaker 1: Lord Coleridge expressed a heavy bias against Gordon Coming, so 306 00:22:13,720 --> 00:22:17,719 Speaker 1: much so that the National Observer considered it a quote 307 00:22:17,760 --> 00:22:22,199 Speaker 1: melancholy and flagrant violation of the best traditions of the 308 00:22:22,240 --> 00:22:28,159 Speaker 1: English bench. After the summary, the jury deliberated. After thirteen minutes, 309 00:22:28,240 --> 00:22:32,919 Speaker 1: they emerged with their verdict. Gordon Coming was guilty of 310 00:22:33,000 --> 00:22:37,119 Speaker 1: cheating and the Wilsons were off the hook. As the 311 00:22:37,240 --> 00:22:42,000 Speaker 1: verdict was announced, spectators booed and hissed, mobbing the Wilson 312 00:22:42,040 --> 00:22:46,320 Speaker 1: family as they left the courtroom. Meanwhile, Gordon Coming emerged 313 00:22:46,400 --> 00:22:50,800 Speaker 1: as a hero, a martyr. Letters poured in from sympathetic 314 00:22:50,880 --> 00:22:55,440 Speaker 1: spectators emphasizing their support of Gordon Coming and his family. 315 00:22:56,280 --> 00:22:59,840 Speaker 1: The press and public alike were shocked and incensed at 316 00:22:59,840 --> 00:23:03,840 Speaker 1: the results of the case. On a month long trip 317 00:23:03,880 --> 00:23:08,320 Speaker 1: to Ascot, Prince Albert was booed at many public appearances. 318 00:23:08,920 --> 00:23:12,879 Speaker 1: Bishops wrote into newspapers to crying the prince's lack of 319 00:23:12,920 --> 00:23:18,240 Speaker 1: accountability for his illicit activities. One article in the Review 320 00:23:18,280 --> 00:23:23,000 Speaker 1: of Reviews interviewed various country gentlemen who asserted that the 321 00:23:23,040 --> 00:23:28,200 Speaker 1: Prince was a quote, wastrel and horrmonger. As The New 322 00:23:28,280 --> 00:23:32,080 Speaker 1: York Herald's L. J. Jennings wrote to a courdier, quote, 323 00:23:32,440 --> 00:23:35,240 Speaker 1: anyone would think that he had broken all the ten 324 00:23:35,320 --> 00:23:40,239 Speaker 1: commandments at once and murdered the Archbishop of Canterbury. And 325 00:23:40,280 --> 00:23:44,280 Speaker 1: it wasn't just the Prince who suffered reputation damage. The 326 00:23:44,320 --> 00:23:49,040 Speaker 1: backrat case reflected badly on the entire royal family. An 327 00:23:49,080 --> 00:23:52,720 Speaker 1: article in The New York Times wrote, quote the scandal 328 00:23:52,800 --> 00:23:56,959 Speaker 1: cannot fail to add to the growing conviction that quote 329 00:23:57,080 --> 00:24:00,639 Speaker 1: royalty is a burden to the British tax payer, for 330 00:24:00,760 --> 00:24:05,480 Speaker 1: which he fails to receive any equivalent. Queen Victoria worried 331 00:24:05,520 --> 00:24:07,520 Speaker 1: about the effects of the scandal on the rest of 332 00:24:07,560 --> 00:24:12,200 Speaker 1: the monarchy, telling her oldest daughter that the quote light 333 00:24:12,320 --> 00:24:16,040 Speaker 1: which has been thrown on Prince Albert's habits alarms and 334 00:24:16,280 --> 00:24:20,240 Speaker 1: shocks people so much for the example is so bad 335 00:24:20,680 --> 00:24:24,120 Speaker 1: the monarchy is almost in danger if he is lowered 336 00:24:24,200 --> 00:24:29,479 Speaker 1: and despised. Some royal officials suggested that the Queen issue 337 00:24:29,520 --> 00:24:33,840 Speaker 1: a public apology for Prince Albert's behavior, but the Prime 338 00:24:33,880 --> 00:24:38,000 Speaker 1: Minister objected to that course of action, arguing that the 339 00:24:38,200 --> 00:24:42,560 Speaker 1: morals of the prince's private life and reputation were not 340 00:24:42,840 --> 00:24:48,000 Speaker 1: the government concerns. The Prime Minister wrote, I confess, if 341 00:24:48,040 --> 00:24:50,960 Speaker 1: I had the advising of him, which I am not 342 00:24:51,200 --> 00:24:54,800 Speaker 1: likely to have, I should recommend him to sit still 343 00:24:55,200 --> 00:24:58,800 Speaker 1: and avoid backarat for six months, and at the end 344 00:24:58,840 --> 00:25:02,080 Speaker 1: of that time write a letter to some indiscreet person 345 00:25:02,320 --> 00:25:05,199 Speaker 1: who would publish it, saying that at the time of 346 00:25:05,240 --> 00:25:07,800 Speaker 1: the coming case there had been a great deal of 347 00:25:07,880 --> 00:25:12,200 Speaker 1: misunderstanding as to his views, but the circumstances of that 348 00:25:12,320 --> 00:25:16,000 Speaker 1: case had so convinced him of the evil that it 349 00:25:16,080 --> 00:25:18,840 Speaker 1: was liable to be caused by the game, that since 350 00:25:18,880 --> 00:25:21,720 Speaker 1: that time he had forbidden it to be played in 351 00:25:21,800 --> 00:25:26,240 Speaker 1: his presence. Such a declaration referring to what he had 352 00:25:26,280 --> 00:25:30,680 Speaker 1: done would suffice to deodorize him of the unpleasant aroma 353 00:25:30,960 --> 00:25:34,320 Speaker 1: which this case has left upon him and his surroundings, 354 00:25:34,520 --> 00:25:39,760 Speaker 1: But nothing else would be sufficient end quote. Prince Albert 355 00:25:39,880 --> 00:25:43,560 Speaker 1: did not follow the Prime Minister's advice. He did write 356 00:25:43,640 --> 00:25:46,280 Speaker 1: a private letter to the Archbishop a couple of months 357 00:25:46,359 --> 00:25:50,760 Speaker 1: later proclaiming his horror of gambling, but he undercut his 358 00:25:50,960 --> 00:25:55,040 Speaker 1: repentance by admitting that he thought a measly game of 359 00:25:55,119 --> 00:25:58,119 Speaker 1: cards or a day at the horse races barely counted 360 00:25:58,160 --> 00:26:01,199 Speaker 1: as gambling in the first place. He had plenty of 361 00:26:01,280 --> 00:26:04,119 Speaker 1: ire for the press in the letter, which had been 362 00:26:04,960 --> 00:26:09,040 Speaker 1: very severe and cruel, because they know I cannot defend myself. 363 00:26:09,800 --> 00:26:13,520 Speaker 1: Most of all, Albert was angry at Gordon Cumming himself. 364 00:26:13,840 --> 00:26:17,719 Speaker 1: He wrote that Gordon Cumming was a damned blaggard with 365 00:26:17,960 --> 00:26:21,040 Speaker 1: no sense of wrong or right, who had done his 366 00:26:21,160 --> 00:26:25,000 Speaker 1: utmost to mix his Albert's name up in the matter 367 00:26:25,160 --> 00:26:30,600 Speaker 1: in endeavoring to cloak his iniquities. According to Gordon Cumming's daughter, 368 00:26:31,160 --> 00:26:35,520 Speaker 1: the Prince completely ostracized him from his social circle, saying 369 00:26:35,600 --> 00:26:38,639 Speaker 1: that anyone who spoke to him would never be asked 370 00:26:38,760 --> 00:26:43,160 Speaker 1: to Marlborough House again. Also, no army or navy officer 371 00:26:43,560 --> 00:26:47,960 Speaker 1: was to accept invitations to shoot at Gordon Cumming's country estates. 372 00:26:48,600 --> 00:26:52,560 Speaker 1: Gordon Cumming was dismissed from the army, he resigned from 373 00:26:52,560 --> 00:26:56,000 Speaker 1: his social clubs, and none of his close friends ever 374 00:26:56,040 --> 00:26:59,680 Speaker 1: spoke to him again. But not letting the scandal stop 375 00:26:59,760 --> 00:27:03,280 Speaker 1: him in entirely, Gordon Cumming actually got married the day 376 00:27:03,440 --> 00:27:07,720 Speaker 1: after the verdict to a woman named Florence Josephine Garner 377 00:27:07,960 --> 00:27:12,560 Speaker 1: nicknamed Flip Flip, was an orphaned American heiress to a 378 00:27:12,640 --> 00:27:17,040 Speaker 1: textile fortune, and much to her family's chagrin, she had 379 00:27:17,080 --> 00:27:20,040 Speaker 1: refused to break off the engagement in the wake of 380 00:27:20,119 --> 00:27:24,600 Speaker 1: the scandal. Only about six people attended the wedding at 381 00:27:24,640 --> 00:27:29,399 Speaker 1: Holy Trinity Church. When Gordon Cumming returned to Scotland with 382 00:27:29,520 --> 00:27:32,560 Speaker 1: his wife, he was greeted with an address from the 383 00:27:32,600 --> 00:27:37,840 Speaker 1: Provost and quote great rejoicings. Even though he had lost 384 00:27:37,880 --> 00:27:41,320 Speaker 1: his social circle, he at least had his wife's annual 385 00:27:41,359 --> 00:27:44,399 Speaker 1: income of eighty thousand dollars a year to live off of. 386 00:27:45,080 --> 00:27:49,399 Speaker 1: Despite the public scrutiny, the trial didn't really seem to 387 00:27:49,480 --> 00:27:53,400 Speaker 1: affect Albert's behavior in the long run. He still gambled, 388 00:27:53,480 --> 00:27:57,240 Speaker 1: but more discreetly. This time. He did give up backer 389 00:27:57,280 --> 00:28:05,439 Speaker 1: at though choosing to play whist and instead. That's the 390 00:28:05,480 --> 00:28:08,879 Speaker 1: story of the tranby Croft affair, but stick around to 391 00:28:08,920 --> 00:28:13,760 Speaker 1: hear about how Albert's relationship with his mistress, Daisy Babbling 392 00:28:14,000 --> 00:28:26,720 Speaker 1: Brooke leaked to the press. Not long after the backrat 393 00:28:26,800 --> 00:28:30,600 Speaker 1: case died down, Prince Albert was beset with yet another 394 00:28:30,720 --> 00:28:36,960 Speaker 1: public scandal. Lord and Lady Beresford, to other aristocrats, had 395 00:28:37,000 --> 00:28:40,160 Speaker 1: been cast out of Prince Albert's social circle, much to 396 00:28:40,200 --> 00:28:45,760 Speaker 1: their dismay, while Daisy Brooke, Lady Beresford's sworn enemy, was 397 00:28:45,840 --> 00:28:51,800 Speaker 1: publicly welcomed at Marlborough House. Humiliated and seeking revenge and 398 00:28:51,960 --> 00:28:57,240 Speaker 1: hoping to capitalize on the Prince's bad reputation, Lord Beresford 399 00:28:57,360 --> 00:29:00,520 Speaker 1: wrote a letter to the Prince threatening to go public 400 00:29:00,640 --> 00:29:03,640 Speaker 1: with the Prince's affair with Daisy Brook if he didn't 401 00:29:03,680 --> 00:29:09,120 Speaker 1: accept Lady Beresford back into Marrowsborough House. Lord Beresford gave 402 00:29:09,200 --> 00:29:12,720 Speaker 1: the letter to another friend of Albert and instructed him 403 00:29:12,760 --> 00:29:16,080 Speaker 1: to pass it along to the Prime Minister, warning of 404 00:29:16,240 --> 00:29:20,240 Speaker 1: grave events in store. The friend refused and tried to 405 00:29:20,280 --> 00:29:23,840 Speaker 1: convince the Beresfords to back down if he could convince 406 00:29:23,880 --> 00:29:28,040 Speaker 1: the Prince to privately apologize, but it was too late. 407 00:29:28,560 --> 00:29:32,920 Speaker 1: Another society woman published a pamphlet that detailed the Prince's 408 00:29:32,960 --> 00:29:36,840 Speaker 1: affair with Lady Brook and their beef with Lord and 409 00:29:37,040 --> 00:29:41,880 Speaker 1: Lady Beresford. This pamphlet caused a stir. According to a 410 00:29:42,000 --> 00:29:46,480 Speaker 1: report from Truth magazine, hostesses who managed to get hold 411 00:29:46,560 --> 00:29:50,960 Speaker 1: of a copy held readings only to quote find their 412 00:29:51,080 --> 00:29:54,800 Speaker 1: drawing rooms more crowded than if a dozen prima donnas 413 00:29:54,840 --> 00:29:58,360 Speaker 1: were on the bill of fare. The Duchess of Manchester 414 00:29:58,680 --> 00:30:01,400 Speaker 1: hosted one of these readings, and the Prince was so 415 00:30:01,640 --> 00:30:05,120 Speaker 1: incensed that he refused to speak to her for over 416 00:30:05,240 --> 00:30:10,280 Speaker 1: a decade. The Prime Minister finally stepped in and convinced 417 00:30:10,520 --> 00:30:14,760 Speaker 1: Lady Brooke to withdraw from court to protect her reputation. 418 00:30:15,520 --> 00:30:19,480 Speaker 1: He then drafted letters to try to repair the relationship 419 00:30:19,520 --> 00:30:23,440 Speaker 1: between Albert and the Beresfords for them both to sign. 420 00:30:24,360 --> 00:30:30,479 Speaker 1: Lord Beresford admitted that circumstances had occurred, which led Lady 421 00:30:30,680 --> 00:30:34,040 Speaker 1: Charles Beresford and her friends to believe it was his 422 00:30:34,200 --> 00:30:39,120 Speaker 1: Royal Highness's intention publicly to wound her feelings, while the 423 00:30:39,200 --> 00:30:43,040 Speaker 1: Prince signed a document that denied he ever had such 424 00:30:43,080 --> 00:30:47,880 Speaker 1: an intention. It's incredible how adult men and some of 425 00:30:47,920 --> 00:30:51,600 Speaker 1: the most powerful people in the country can behave so 426 00:30:51,760 --> 00:31:15,800 Speaker 1: much like high schoolers. Noble Blood is a production of 427 00:31:15,960 --> 00:31:20,160 Speaker 1: iHeart Radio and Grim and Mild from Aaron Mankey. Noble 428 00:31:20,160 --> 00:31:24,160 Speaker 1: Blood is hosted by me Dana Schwartz, with additional writing 429 00:31:24,200 --> 00:31:28,720 Speaker 1: and research by Hannah Johnston, Hannahswick, Courtney Sender, Amy Hit 430 00:31:28,920 --> 00:31:32,920 Speaker 1: and Julia Milani. The show is edited and produced by 431 00:31:33,000 --> 00:31:38,600 Speaker 1: Jesse Funk, with supervising producer rima il KLi and executive 432 00:31:38,640 --> 00:31:42,880 Speaker 1: producers Aaron Mankey, Trevor Young, and Matt Frederick. For more 433 00:31:42,920 --> 00:31:48,400 Speaker 1: podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or 434 00:31:48,480 --> 00:31:51,560 Speaker 1: wherever you listen to your favorite shows.