WEBVTT - From the Vault: Trains of Terror, Part 1

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<v Speaker 1>Hey, you welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind. My

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<v Speaker 1>name is Robert Lamb. We're off this week for fall break,

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<v Speaker 1>but we have some horror related content from last year

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<v Speaker 1>for you. This is going to be Trains of Terror

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<v Speaker 1>Part one, originally published October first, twenty twenty four. There's

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<v Speaker 1>all sorts of scary train related topics discussed within, So

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<v Speaker 1>let's grab a ticket and all aboard. Welcome to Stuff

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<v Speaker 1>to Blow your Mind production of iHeartRadio. Hey you welcome

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<v Speaker 1>to Stuff to Blow your Mind. My name is Robert Lamb.

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<v Speaker 2>And I am Joe McCormick. And today is a thrilling

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<v Speaker 2>occasion for us here on the podcast because this very

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<v Speaker 2>episode is publishing on Tuesday, October first, twenty twenty four,

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<v Speaker 2>which makes it the inaugural entry in our tradition month

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<v Speaker 2>long celebration of Halloween. So longtime fans, you know what's

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<v Speaker 2>going on, you know what's in store. But in case

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<v Speaker 2>you're new to the show, the pitch is that every

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<v Speaker 2>October on Stuff to Blow your Mind, we devote all

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<v Speaker 2>of that month's core episodes two topics related to monsters, ghosts, demons, curses,

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<v Speaker 2>and horror Halloween stuff, and also for our weird House

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<v Speaker 2>Cinema episodes for the Fridays of this month, we're going

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<v Speaker 2>to be looking at horror movies.

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<v Speaker 1>That's right. October is the month when you can turn

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<v Speaker 1>to stuff to blow your mind and find that we

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<v Speaker 1>were doing horror and monster stuff one hundred percent of

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<v Speaker 1>the time as opposed to our normal like, I don't know,

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<v Speaker 1>thirty five to forty percent of the time.

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<v Speaker 2>That's right, people have pointed out before. I mean, we're

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<v Speaker 2>you know, we got monsters on the brain. That's kind

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<v Speaker 2>of how we are. So throughout the year you'll get

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<v Speaker 2>a smattering, but for October it's it's all we do.

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<v Speaker 1>And I'm excited about the episode we're going to kick

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<v Speaker 1>off here today. The series rikicking off here today because

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<v Speaker 1>this is a topic we've been talking about doing for

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<v Speaker 1>years now. This is well when we get around planning

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<v Speaker 1>out our October episodes, this one's been on the list

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<v Speaker 1>for a while and we're finally hopping aboard.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah. I wonder why it took us this long. I

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<v Speaker 2>don't think there's a particular reason. Just shook out that way.

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<v Speaker 2>But today we're beginning a series on locomotive horror, the

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<v Speaker 2>mini Shades of Menace and supernatural fright that we have

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<v Speaker 2>projected onto trains. Now, this is a topic that's going

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<v Speaker 2>to take us into a bunch of different realms of folklore, history, science,

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<v Speaker 2>and technology. But I think the best place to begin

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<v Speaker 2>here is to look at some famous examples of trains

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<v Speaker 2>in horror fiction and rob If you don't mind, I

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<v Speaker 2>want to kick things off with an example of a

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<v Speaker 2>story that I just read in full for the first

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<v Speaker 2>time this weekend.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, let's have it, okay.

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<v Speaker 2>So the story in question is a short tale of ghosts,

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<v Speaker 2>spectral visions, and premonitions by Charles Dickens, and it's called

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<v Speaker 2>The Signalman. This story was published in eighteen sixty six

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<v Speaker 2>as part of a set of short stories by Dickens

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<v Speaker 2>and a handful of other authors, with the collection as

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<v Speaker 2>a whole called Mugby Junction. So there's sort of a

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<v Speaker 2>locomotive and railroad theme running throughout. This collection was a

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<v Speaker 2>special Christmas edition of a magazine that Dickens founded called

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<v Speaker 2>All the Year Round. And I'm going to briefly summarize

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<v Speaker 2>the story, including the ending, So as a warning, if

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<v Speaker 2>you want to read it without having the ending spoiled,

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<v Speaker 2>you could pause and do that. Now it's fairly short.

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<v Speaker 2>It only takes like twenty minutes or so to read.

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<v Speaker 2>The Signalman begins with an unnamed narrator who wanders to

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<v Speaker 2>the edge of a huge trench in the earth around

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<v Speaker 2>sunset one day, and at the bottom of this trench

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<v Speaker 2>there is a railway line leading into a dark tunnel,

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<v Speaker 2>and at the edge of the tunnel, beside the tracks

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<v Speaker 2>there is a tiny box like signal house and the

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<v Speaker 2>signalman who works it. So a bit of historical context

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<v Speaker 2>that helps you understand the story better. In the nineteenth century,

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<v Speaker 2>signal operators were a crucial part of railroads. These were

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<v Speaker 2>workers who had to stay at little houses beside the tracks,

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<v Speaker 2>and they would be equipped with lights and colored flags

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<v Speaker 2>and usually a telegraph line to relay information to and

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<v Speaker 2>about passing trains, which meant that signalers were pivotal to

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<v Speaker 2>railroad safety. They gave the trains information, they passed the

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<v Speaker 2>information via flags or sometimes even shouted verbal signals. They

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<v Speaker 2>passed information to oncoming engine drivers, and this could be

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<v Speaker 2>information about the conditions of the tracks ahead, like is

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<v Speaker 2>there an obstruction, a flood, some of their kind of problem,

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<v Speaker 2>or about the movements of other trains, like was there

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<v Speaker 2>a train stalled on the tracks ahead or somewhere it

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<v Speaker 2>shouldn't be. And they also kept information about when trains

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<v Speaker 2>passed to make sure everything was running on schedule and

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<v Speaker 2>alert other stations and trains if there was some kind

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<v Speaker 2>of danger or delay. They were also sometimes responsible for

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<v Speaker 2>operating track switches to divert the course of a train

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<v Speaker 2>there's a fork in the line. But because of the

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<v Speaker 2>nature of their work, signal operators were sometimes characterized as

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<v Speaker 2>kind of pitiable people. Like it was stressful work because

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<v Speaker 2>the lives of many people were in their hands. If

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<v Speaker 2>they made a mistake, it could lead to disaster. But

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<v Speaker 2>it was also isolated, lonely work because they would be

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<v Speaker 2>spending long shifts by themselves in remote and sometimes unpleasant

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<v Speaker 2>locations along the rail lines. So anyway back to the story.

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<v Speaker 2>The narrator comes to a deep cutting in the earth

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<v Speaker 2>at the emergence of a rail tunnel, and he looks

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<v Speaker 2>down into it and sees this tiny signal house and

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<v Speaker 2>the man who works there standing at the door. Curious.

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<v Speaker 2>The narrator calls out and says, Helloa, it's that one

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<v Speaker 2>of those hellos that spelled halloa, or how you say that,

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<v Speaker 2>do you say the oa? Or is that just oh hello,

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<v Speaker 2>I die.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm not sure.

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<v Speaker 2>It's like balbo helloa below there, He's trying to get

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<v Speaker 2>the man's attention. The man at first seemed confused and

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<v Speaker 2>even frightened, but then reluctantly invites the narrator down a

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<v Speaker 2>hidden pathway to meet him. And here I'm going to

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<v Speaker 2>read a descriptive passage to communicate the atmosphere of the story.

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<v Speaker 2>The narrator says his post was in as solitary and

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<v Speaker 2>dismal a place as I ever saw. On either side,

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<v Speaker 2>a dripping, wet wall of jagged stone, excluding all view

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<v Speaker 2>but a strip of sky. The perspective one way only

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<v Speaker 2>a crooked prolongation of this great dungeon, the shorter perspective

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<v Speaker 2>in the other direction, terminating in a gloomy red light,

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<v Speaker 2>and the gloomier entrance to a black tunnel, in whose

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<v Speaker 2>massive architecture there was a barbarous, depressing and forbidding air.

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<v Speaker 2>So little sunlight ever found its way to this spot

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<v Speaker 2>that it had an earthy, deadly smell, and so much

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<v Speaker 2>cold wind rushed through it that it struck chill to

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<v Speaker 2>me as if I had left the natural world.

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<v Speaker 1>Ooh, that is nice.

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<v Speaker 2>Anyway, the narrator notices that the signal man is acting weird.

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<v Speaker 2>He's preoccupied, even a bit haunted, And they eventually get

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<v Speaker 2>to know one another and become familiar, and after some

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<v Speaker 2>time has passed between them, the signalman confesses what it

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<v Speaker 2>is that's troubling him. At several times past, the signalman

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<v Speaker 2>has had visions of a man in the night, posed

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<v Speaker 2>against the red light, the danger light at the mouth

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<v Speaker 2>of the tunnel. The figure stands with one arm raised up,

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<v Speaker 2>waving violently, and the other arm thrown over his eyes

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<v Speaker 2>like a blindfold. And when the signalman sees the figure,

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<v Speaker 2>he hears a voice calling out, saying Helloa below there,

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<v Speaker 2>look out, And then as suddenly as it appeared, the

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<v Speaker 2>figure vanishes into darkness. And twice before at the time

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<v Speaker 2>of the story, the signalman has seen this shadow man

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<v Speaker 2>in the red light and heard the voice, and then

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<v Speaker 2>immediately after those visions, disaster has fallen somewhere nearby on

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<v Speaker 2>the tracks. One time it was a terrible engine collision

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<v Speaker 2>in which many people were killed. Another time it was

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<v Speaker 2>the sudden and mysterious death of a young woman riding

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<v Speaker 2>on board a passing train. And so now the signalman

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<v Speaker 2>is not only haunted by this vision, but by what

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<v Speaker 2>it means. When he sees it and when he hears

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<v Speaker 2>the voice, he knows there will soon be a disaster,

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<v Speaker 2>and he wants to telegraph the station so he can

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<v Speaker 2>perhaps avert it. But he has no idea what the

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<v Speaker 2>disaster will be, and he can't explain the reason he

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<v Speaker 2>knows it's coming, so he can't give a warning that

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<v Speaker 2>anybody will heed. So he's tortured with this terrible knowledge

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<v Speaker 2>that he can't use to help anyone. Now the narrator

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<v Speaker 2>is troubled by all this. He seems to believe that

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<v Speaker 2>the man is suffering from a nervous condition, and the

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<v Speaker 2>next day he plans to come back and find a

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<v Speaker 2>way to convince the signalman to go see a doctor.

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<v Speaker 2>But when the narrator arrives at the trench in the

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<v Speaker 2>earth the next day, he instead finds a large gathering

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<v Speaker 2>of railroad officials on site. Apparently the signalman was cut

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<v Speaker 2>down by a train the night before. He was standing

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<v Speaker 2>in the tracks as if in a trance. The engine

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<v Speaker 2>driver saw him as the train was approaching and tried

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<v Speaker 2>to call out to him to get him to move

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<v Speaker 2>out of the way, and he was calling out halloa

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<v Speaker 2>below there look out and waved one arm violently to

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<v Speaker 2>get the signalman's attention. But at the last moment, the

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<v Speaker 2>engine driver was terrified of what he was about to see,

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<v Speaker 2>and so he threw his other arm over his face

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<v Speaker 2>to cover his eyes.

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<v Speaker 1>Oh wow, I.

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<v Speaker 2>Think it's a wonderfully chilling ending. Even now just telling

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<v Speaker 2>it again, I got at a little bit of a

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<v Speaker 2>shiver a goosebump there. Now you might think, because a

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<v Speaker 2>lot of ghost stories, what they're really about is the ghost.

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<v Speaker 2>And actually you could say that it's arguable whether or

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<v Speaker 2>not this should be classified as a ghost story or

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<v Speaker 2>whether it's actually a premonition story that just has a

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<v Speaker 2>has a similar aesthetic reform to a ghost story. But

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<v Speaker 2>you could argue that, yeah, maybe the setting is kind

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<v Speaker 2>of incidental. What it's really about is the ghost and

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<v Speaker 2>the human interaction. But I don't know. I think the

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<v Speaker 2>railway setting is not incidental here. I think the setting

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<v Speaker 2>along the tracks is actually quite thematically central. It matters

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<v Speaker 2>that the signalman is a signalman, like what his job

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<v Speaker 2>is is core to the anguish that he's suffering with

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<v Speaker 2>this terrible knowledge, and the fear and the dread and

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<v Speaker 2>the gloomy atmosphere and the danger are all centrally based

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<v Speaker 2>on railroad technology. And you can tell and even that

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<v Speaker 2>Dickens himself had strange, I would say, at best, ambivalent

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<v Speaker 2>feelings about rail travel and its effects on the world.

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<v Speaker 2>There's a different story in this same collection, Mugby Junction,

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<v Speaker 2>where Dickens is writing about a character looking down at

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<v Speaker 2>a railroad junction and says, but there were so many

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<v Speaker 2>lines gazing down upon them from a bridge at the junction.

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<v Speaker 2>It was as if the concentrating companies formed a great

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<v Speaker 2>industrial exhibition of the works of extraordinary ground spiders that

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<v Speaker 2>spun iron.

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<v Speaker 1>Oh wow, that's nice anyway.

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<v Speaker 2>All that to make the point that I think a

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<v Speaker 2>lot of these horror stories that are about trains are

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<v Speaker 2>not incidentally about trains. They're not just stories that could

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<v Speaker 2>be set anywhere that just happened to be a setting

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<v Speaker 2>the author liked. I think a lot of them really

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<v Speaker 2>are in serious ways about trains and what trains mean.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, yeah, And this is a really fascinating subject to

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<v Speaker 1>get into, and I feel like I do have to

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<v Speaker 1>like mention at the top of all this that I

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<v Speaker 1>love trains. I enjoy riding on trains, subway or otherwise,

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<v Speaker 1>bullet trains everywhere, ever, and I've really enjoyed trains. I

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<v Speaker 1>live next to a train track, I've lived next to

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<v Speaker 1>it for over a decade, and I still find reasons

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<v Speaker 1>to enjoy watching the trains go by, or especially the

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<v Speaker 1>trucks on the tracks and various maintenance equipment or special loads.

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<v Speaker 1>Occasionally that occurs, and I get a kick out of that.

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<v Speaker 1>Suffice to say, trains are very every day to me,

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<v Speaker 1>and I like them. I don't inherently think they are creepy.

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<v Speaker 1>And yet at the same time, there is something about

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<v Speaker 1>the train that fits so well, not only fits well

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<v Speaker 1>within these stories, but serves as a great skeleton for

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<v Speaker 1>these stories. And a lot of it comes down to

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<v Speaker 1>ideas that the train itself there's something unnatural about it.

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<v Speaker 1>There's something really almost a sense of future shock that's

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<v Speaker 1>never gone away, you know. And also the idea that

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<v Speaker 1>the train is a location is inherently unnatural, and there's

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<v Speaker 1>something about it that is sort of inherently haunted. And

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<v Speaker 1>there are different ways to approach this, and I was

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<v Speaker 1>I was thinking about this, and I was looking up

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<v Speaker 1>various short stories and works of horror and thinking about

0:12:48.720 --> 0:12:53.480
<v Speaker 1>various movies as well that use train settings, and some

0:12:53.520 --> 0:12:55.760
<v Speaker 1>of them are you know, you can find overt examples

0:12:55.800 --> 0:12:58.160
<v Speaker 1>of like, Okay, this is a movie about a train

0:12:58.320 --> 0:13:01.520
<v Speaker 1>with a killer on the train. You know it's you know,

0:13:01.600 --> 0:13:05.320
<v Speaker 1>it is just a setting for murders. Plenty of examples

0:13:05.360 --> 0:13:08.840
<v Speaker 1>of that. But one of the examples that I think

0:13:08.880 --> 0:13:11.640
<v Speaker 1>came to my mind the most, and this is one

0:13:11.640 --> 0:13:14.800
<v Speaker 1>that I remember watching an adaptation of it when I

0:13:14.840 --> 0:13:19.679
<v Speaker 1>was younger. This comes from the works of Sarrothur Conan

0:13:19.720 --> 0:13:23.760
<v Speaker 1>Doyle and a particular short story titled The Adventure of

0:13:23.800 --> 0:13:28.800
<v Speaker 1>the Copper Beaches. This would have been an eighteen ninety

0:13:28.840 --> 0:13:32.760
<v Speaker 1>two tale, and I vividly remember watching the Jeremy Brett

0:13:32.880 --> 0:13:35.480
<v Speaker 1>Granada television adaptation of this when I was a kid.

0:13:35.480 --> 0:13:37.480
<v Speaker 1>You can find this streaming, and you can get this

0:13:37.600 --> 0:13:41.400
<v Speaker 1>on disc as well. These were all really accurate adaptations

0:13:41.400 --> 0:13:45.240
<v Speaker 1>of the shlock Comb stories. But basically this does not

0:13:45.280 --> 0:13:47.520
<v Speaker 1>involve a haunted train. There's not even a murder on

0:13:47.640 --> 0:13:50.680
<v Speaker 1>the train or anything of that nature. It's just Holmes

0:13:50.679 --> 0:13:53.960
<v Speaker 1>and Watson are taking the train into the countryside to

0:13:54.000 --> 0:13:57.800
<v Speaker 1>look into particular crime. And at first Holmes is consumed

0:13:57.800 --> 0:14:00.160
<v Speaker 1>by his newspaper much of the way you know, or

0:14:00.200 --> 0:14:03.320
<v Speaker 1>today he'd be on his iPhone or something. But he

0:14:03.400 --> 0:14:06.280
<v Speaker 1>finally puts his newspaper way and he begins to survey

0:14:06.360 --> 0:14:09.440
<v Speaker 1>the scenery outside the window, and he makes a kind

0:14:09.440 --> 0:14:12.320
<v Speaker 1>of terrifying observation. He goes on a bit of a

0:14:12.400 --> 0:14:14.920
<v Speaker 1>rant multiple paragraphs that I can't I can't read all

0:14:14.960 --> 0:14:18.360
<v Speaker 1>of it here, but I'm going to read essentially unabridged version. Okay,

0:14:18.840 --> 0:14:22.280
<v Speaker 1>So Holmes says the following to Watson, you look at

0:14:22.320 --> 0:14:25.640
<v Speaker 1>these scattered houses and you are impressed by their beauty.

0:14:25.760 --> 0:14:28.080
<v Speaker 1>I look at them and the only thought which comes

0:14:28.120 --> 0:14:30.600
<v Speaker 1>to me is a feeling of their isolation and of

0:14:30.640 --> 0:14:34.280
<v Speaker 1>the impunity with which crime may be committed there. They

0:14:34.320 --> 0:14:37.960
<v Speaker 1>always fill me with a certain horror. It is my belief, Watson,

0:14:38.000 --> 0:14:41.360
<v Speaker 1>founded upon my experience, that the lowest and vilest alleys

0:14:41.400 --> 0:14:44.320
<v Speaker 1>in London do not present a more dreadful record of

0:14:44.400 --> 0:14:48.720
<v Speaker 1>sin than does the smiling and beautiful countryside. The pressure

0:14:48.760 --> 0:14:51.120
<v Speaker 1>of public opinion can do in the town what the

0:14:51.240 --> 0:14:54.920
<v Speaker 1>law cannot accomplish. There is no lane, so vile that

0:14:54.920 --> 0:14:57.360
<v Speaker 1>the scream of a tortured child or the thud of

0:14:57.400 --> 0:15:01.760
<v Speaker 1>a drunkard's blow does not beget sympathy and indignation among

0:15:01.800 --> 0:15:04.560
<v Speaker 1>the neighbors. And then the whole machinery of justice is

0:15:04.560 --> 0:15:07.440
<v Speaker 1>ever so close that a word of complaint can set

0:15:07.520 --> 0:15:09.920
<v Speaker 1>it going. And there is but a step between the

0:15:10.000 --> 0:15:13.320
<v Speaker 1>crime and the dock. But look at these lonely houses.

0:15:13.720 --> 0:15:16.800
<v Speaker 1>Think of the deeds of hellish cruelty, the hidden wickedness

0:15:16.800 --> 0:15:20.200
<v Speaker 1>which may go on year in year out in such places,

0:15:20.240 --> 0:15:22.960
<v Speaker 1>and none the wiser. It is the five miles of

0:15:23.040 --> 0:15:24.640
<v Speaker 1>country which makes the danger.

0:15:25.000 --> 0:15:27.520
<v Speaker 2>That's a very interesting paragraph because it strikes me as

0:15:27.560 --> 0:15:31.440
<v Speaker 2>both containing some wisdom and truth but also representing a

0:15:31.440 --> 0:15:35.320
<v Speaker 2>pathological way of thinking. You know, it's like, yeah, there

0:15:35.400 --> 0:15:38.520
<v Speaker 2>is some correct observation there, but also it's just it

0:15:38.720 --> 0:15:42.440
<v Speaker 2>reveals Holmes's way of looking at the world as just

0:15:42.560 --> 0:15:46.040
<v Speaker 2>like a place of dangers and miseries. And you can

0:15:46.080 --> 0:15:49.600
<v Speaker 2>sort of do an inventory of the potential for dangers

0:15:49.600 --> 0:15:51.560
<v Speaker 2>and miseries by looking at any place.

0:15:52.040 --> 0:15:56.440
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, yeah, yeah, it definitely reveals something of Holmes's nature.

0:15:57.360 --> 0:16:00.400
<v Speaker 1>And again it's the train itself is not creepy. Here

0:16:00.840 --> 0:16:02.800
<v Speaker 1>in the adaptation, and in the book you get the

0:16:02.880 --> 0:16:05.760
<v Speaker 1>very homes the insense of, oh, these are just gentlemen

0:16:05.800 --> 0:16:09.600
<v Speaker 1>on a train, But then when you get this morbid observation,

0:16:09.840 --> 0:16:13.120
<v Speaker 1>Ultimately it's about how the countryside is creepy and not

0:16:13.160 --> 0:16:16.000
<v Speaker 1>even the city is creepy. But there's something about the

0:16:16.040 --> 0:16:17.960
<v Speaker 1>train technology's role in this.

0:16:18.560 --> 0:16:21.880
<v Speaker 2>Absolutely, yes, I would have no way of proving that

0:16:21.880 --> 0:16:24.160
<v Speaker 2>that Arthur Conan Doyle was actually trying to make this

0:16:24.200 --> 0:16:26.880
<v Speaker 2>particular point, but I would not be surprised if this

0:16:27.040 --> 0:16:30.200
<v Speaker 2>kind of observation was actually a statement about the way

0:16:30.320 --> 0:16:33.960
<v Speaker 2>a train changes the way you look at the world.

0:16:34.640 --> 0:16:37.760
<v Speaker 1>Yeah. Yeah, it's about the vantage point that it provides,

0:16:38.080 --> 0:16:42.080
<v Speaker 1>the broadening human travel abilities. It permits Holmes a chance

0:16:42.120 --> 0:16:45.040
<v Speaker 1>to observe something terrifying about human nature and human civilization.

0:16:45.720 --> 0:16:48.640
<v Speaker 1>And it's a scene that I think just got stuck

0:16:48.640 --> 0:16:50.680
<v Speaker 1>in my head at an early age. So I literally

0:16:50.720 --> 0:16:53.120
<v Speaker 1>think about the scene almost any time I'm on a train,

0:16:54.360 --> 0:16:56.160
<v Speaker 1>certainly if it's a novel train and I get to

0:16:56.400 --> 0:16:58.640
<v Speaker 1>look out at the countryside.

0:16:58.000 --> 0:17:00.560
<v Speaker 2>Which, by the way, I love doing. Robert, I'm like you,

0:17:00.640 --> 0:17:03.960
<v Speaker 2>I also very much love trains. I mostly have just

0:17:04.080 --> 0:17:08.000
<v Speaker 2>positive feelings about them, So I did not pick this

0:17:08.080 --> 0:17:12.399
<v Speaker 2>topic because I think trains are inherently creepy, but maybe

0:17:12.400 --> 0:17:16.560
<v Speaker 2>because they're sort of cuddly to me. I wonder I'm

0:17:16.600 --> 0:17:19.400
<v Speaker 2>interested in the way is that they might bring terrors

0:17:19.400 --> 0:17:21.600
<v Speaker 2>to mind for many people, especially people in say the

0:17:21.680 --> 0:17:22.560
<v Speaker 2>nineteenth century.

0:17:22.920 --> 0:17:25.720
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, yeah, but seriously, I'll be riding a train. Like

0:17:25.800 --> 0:17:28.119
<v Speaker 1>even more recently, a few months back, I had to

0:17:28.200 --> 0:17:30.560
<v Speaker 1>ride the Bullet train in Japan. Look out of the

0:17:30.560 --> 0:17:34.240
<v Speaker 1>beautiful countryside, and yet here's Sherlock Holmes whispering my ear.

0:17:34.520 --> 0:17:38.960
<v Speaker 1>They might be murdering in there, so thank you, Sherlock, but.

0:17:39.000 --> 0:17:40.919
<v Speaker 2>They think of the horror is hidden beyond.

0:17:41.200 --> 0:17:41.440
<v Speaker 3>Yes.

0:17:53.119 --> 0:17:56.239
<v Speaker 1>Now, Another tale that comes to mind concerning trains is

0:17:56.320 --> 0:17:59.560
<v Speaker 1>the Ray Bradberry story The Town where No One Got Off,

0:18:00.200 --> 0:18:02.480
<v Speaker 1>And I'm mostly familiar with this one from a nineteen

0:18:02.520 --> 0:18:06.840
<v Speaker 1>eighty six adaptation on the Ray Bradberry Theater television show

0:18:07.400 --> 0:18:10.920
<v Speaker 1>starring a young Jeff Goblin. Oh or you know, this

0:18:10.960 --> 0:18:13.280
<v Speaker 1>was what the same year as The Fly, so you

0:18:13.320 --> 0:18:16.200
<v Speaker 1>know young Jeff Goblin. I don't remember how old he

0:18:16.200 --> 0:18:18.760
<v Speaker 1>would have been at this point in his career, but anyway,

0:18:19.960 --> 0:18:22.040
<v Speaker 1>so this is another story where the train itself is

0:18:22.080 --> 0:18:25.800
<v Speaker 1>not creepy, but there's something about the way it connects

0:18:26.000 --> 0:18:28.960
<v Speaker 1>people in places that takes on a very sinister air.

0:18:29.600 --> 0:18:32.040
<v Speaker 1>So in this story, we follow a man from the city,

0:18:32.560 --> 0:18:35.480
<v Speaker 1>this is Jeff Goblum's character in the adaptation, who takes

0:18:35.480 --> 0:18:39.120
<v Speaker 1>a train ride out into the countryside to confirm, according

0:18:39.119 --> 0:18:42.520
<v Speaker 1>to him, his ideals about country living and his of

0:18:42.520 --> 0:18:46.840
<v Speaker 1>course curiosity with this particular stop where nobody ever gets off.

0:18:47.359 --> 0:18:49.919
<v Speaker 1>You know, what is it with this town? And you

0:18:49.960 --> 0:18:52.879
<v Speaker 1>know this also ties into some general fascination with train travel.

0:18:52.960 --> 0:18:54.640
<v Speaker 1>You're like, well, what is this stop? Who lives here?

0:18:54.680 --> 0:18:59.200
<v Speaker 1>Who are these people? And he meets up and tags

0:18:59.240 --> 0:19:04.680
<v Speaker 1>along with an old countryman during this journey. And there's

0:19:04.680 --> 0:19:06.639
<v Speaker 1>a twist though, and I'm about to spoil it, so

0:19:06.800 --> 0:19:09.239
<v Speaker 1>skip ahead, pause, and so forth if you don't want

0:19:09.280 --> 0:19:11.600
<v Speaker 1>it to be spoiled. But the twist is that the

0:19:11.640 --> 0:19:14.439
<v Speaker 1>city man has ventured out to the country to commit

0:19:14.480 --> 0:19:17.720
<v Speaker 1>the perfect murder of a stranger, and the old man

0:19:17.960 --> 0:19:20.680
<v Speaker 1>has lured him out to do the same, to commit

0:19:20.720 --> 0:19:24.480
<v Speaker 1>the perfect murder of a city guy who has wandered

0:19:24.480 --> 0:19:26.960
<v Speaker 1>into the country. And I'm going to read it just

0:19:26.960 --> 0:19:31.200
<v Speaker 1>a quick quote here from the original rape Bradbury short story. Now,

0:19:31.280 --> 0:19:34.399
<v Speaker 1>the darkness that had brought us together stood between the

0:19:34.520 --> 0:19:37.879
<v Speaker 1>old man, the station, the town, the forest were lost

0:19:37.920 --> 0:19:40.399
<v Speaker 1>in the night. For an hour, I stood in the

0:19:40.480 --> 0:19:45.959
<v Speaker 1>roaring blast, staring back at all that darkness. Oh so

0:19:46.240 --> 0:19:48.639
<v Speaker 1>this is a story that works in a number of ways,

0:19:48.680 --> 0:19:51.960
<v Speaker 1>exploring course, just the darkness of human nature and you know,

0:19:52.160 --> 0:19:56.280
<v Speaker 1>temptation to do evil and so forth, our attitudes towards others,

0:19:56.720 --> 0:19:59.160
<v Speaker 1>and perhaps as well a little commentary on the idea

0:19:59.200 --> 0:20:01.760
<v Speaker 1>that you still see in modern objections to say, the

0:20:01.800 --> 0:20:04.600
<v Speaker 1>expansion of city rail, that oh well, if you do this,

0:20:04.640 --> 0:20:07.720
<v Speaker 1>it's gonna allow criminals to just move around super easily.

0:20:07.760 --> 0:20:10.080
<v Speaker 1>They'll just they'll just go right into the into the

0:20:10.600 --> 0:20:12.960
<v Speaker 1>really nice parts of town and just start doing crimes.

0:20:14.560 --> 0:20:16.320
<v Speaker 1>But and then on top of all of this, I

0:20:16.359 --> 0:20:19.080
<v Speaker 1>feel like this there is also this sense of the

0:20:19.160 --> 0:20:24.200
<v Speaker 1>train is a technology that shortens the distance between individuals.

0:20:24.200 --> 0:20:27.399
<v Speaker 1>So it brings us closer together. But does it maybe

0:20:27.440 --> 0:20:30.560
<v Speaker 1>bring us too close? You know? Is it does it

0:20:30.640 --> 0:20:33.760
<v Speaker 1>just it just opens up the room for it breaks

0:20:33.800 --> 0:20:37.000
<v Speaker 1>down barriers that should be in place, that sort of thing.

0:20:37.720 --> 0:20:40.000
<v Speaker 2>Hmmm, I'm gonna have to think on that. But in

0:20:40.040 --> 0:20:41.760
<v Speaker 2>a minute, I do want to get into talking about

0:20:41.760 --> 0:20:44.160
<v Speaker 2>some of the most common themes I feel like I've

0:20:44.240 --> 0:20:47.760
<v Speaker 2>observed in train related horror stories, and so maybe this

0:20:47.800 --> 0:20:49.560
<v Speaker 2>will come back up then. But before we do that,

0:20:49.680 --> 0:20:52.000
<v Speaker 2>I know you wanted to mention a few more examples.

0:20:52.400 --> 0:20:54.360
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, so these are gonna be a little more in passing,

0:20:54.400 --> 0:20:55.960
<v Speaker 1>but I was just trying to list off a few

0:20:55.960 --> 0:20:58.280
<v Speaker 1>in my head that stood out. The Midnight Meat Train

0:20:58.359 --> 0:21:01.520
<v Speaker 1>by Clive Barker. If you're only familiar with the movie,

0:21:01.840 --> 0:21:04.040
<v Speaker 1>let me just remind you that the original Books of

0:21:04.040 --> 0:21:05.880
<v Speaker 1>Blood short story is quite good.

0:21:06.320 --> 0:21:08.760
<v Speaker 2>It's one of those stories where, if this makes any sense,

0:21:08.920 --> 0:21:11.800
<v Speaker 2>I kept expecting it to turn out to be less

0:21:11.880 --> 0:21:16.359
<v Speaker 2>literal than it was, and like the literalness of the

0:21:16.400 --> 0:21:18.480
<v Speaker 2>payoff is actually kind of genius.

0:21:20.119 --> 0:21:22.720
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, and I think your words better in short story format.

0:21:23.600 --> 0:21:26.919
<v Speaker 1>Another one is The Tall Grass by Joe R. Lansdale.

0:21:27.480 --> 0:21:31.280
<v Speaker 1>This one was adapted on the Love and Robots television

0:21:31.359 --> 0:21:35.640
<v Speaker 1>series the animated anthology series, and it's quite good. Involves

0:21:35.960 --> 0:21:38.320
<v Speaker 1>a train sort of I forget if it breaks down

0:21:38.359 --> 0:21:40.560
<v Speaker 1>or slows down, but it kind of gets into that

0:21:40.600 --> 0:21:42.880
<v Speaker 1>area of like, oh, the train is something that connects

0:21:43.240 --> 0:21:45.600
<v Speaker 1>point A to point B, but then what goes on

0:21:45.640 --> 0:21:48.120
<v Speaker 1>in between and the idea that you know, you're you're

0:21:48.119 --> 0:21:51.240
<v Speaker 1>often going through you know, very isolated countryside or you know,

0:21:51.280 --> 0:21:55.359
<v Speaker 1>so it seems to the observer. Yeah, let's see getting

0:21:55.600 --> 0:21:59.520
<v Speaker 1>into the realm of not only train horror fiction, but

0:21:59.600 --> 0:22:02.000
<v Speaker 1>subway horror fiction, which we already got into a little

0:22:02.000 --> 0:22:04.840
<v Speaker 1>bit of Midnight Me Train. There's an excellent older weird

0:22:04.840 --> 0:22:09.120
<v Speaker 1>fiction tale called far Below by Robert Barbara Johnson, and

0:22:09.400 --> 0:22:11.960
<v Speaker 1>this one is adapted into an okay episode of the

0:22:12.000 --> 0:22:16.080
<v Speaker 1>anthology series Monsters, but the original short story is fabulous.

0:22:16.080 --> 0:22:21.320
<v Speaker 1>It involves people becoming ghouls in the deep tunnels beneath

0:22:21.359 --> 0:22:22.080
<v Speaker 1>New York City.

0:22:22.400 --> 0:22:22.800
<v Speaker 2>Nice.

0:22:23.840 --> 0:22:25.560
<v Speaker 1>Let's see, Oh, we would have to we have to

0:22:25.600 --> 0:22:29.120
<v Speaker 1>mention blame the monorail from King's The Dark Tower series,

0:22:29.240 --> 0:22:33.080
<v Speaker 1>a like a super intelligent computer train that goes crazy.

0:22:34.680 --> 0:22:39.840
<v Speaker 1>And I'd forgotten about this one, but a problematic horror master.

0:22:40.000 --> 0:22:43.520
<v Speaker 1>HP Lovecraft, in describing the Shogoth at the end of

0:22:43.680 --> 0:22:47.679
<v Speaker 1>nineteen thirty one's At the Mountains of Madness, compares this

0:22:47.760 --> 0:22:51.600
<v Speaker 1>indescribable monster, you know, it's like this blob monster in

0:22:51.680 --> 0:22:56.000
<v Speaker 1>part to a subway train. Okay, yeah, like there's not

0:22:56.080 --> 0:22:58.000
<v Speaker 1>much you could compare it to but to a train,

0:22:58.480 --> 0:23:00.760
<v Speaker 1>which maybe reveals something about some of the attitudes one

0:23:00.840 --> 0:23:04.160
<v Speaker 1>might you know, have about trains or observe about them.

0:23:04.720 --> 0:23:07.439
<v Speaker 1>I'm going to read a quick quote here, but we

0:23:07.440 --> 0:23:09.960
<v Speaker 1>were not on a station platform. We were on the

0:23:10.040 --> 0:23:14.000
<v Speaker 1>track ahead as the nightmare plastic column of fetid black

0:23:14.080 --> 0:23:19.320
<v Speaker 1>herodestance ooze tightly onward through its fifteen foot sinus, gathering

0:23:19.400 --> 0:23:23.280
<v Speaker 1>unholy speed, and driving before it a spiral re thickening

0:23:23.400 --> 0:23:26.800
<v Speaker 1>cloud of the palette of this vapor. It was a terrible,

0:23:26.920 --> 0:23:30.199
<v Speaker 1>indescribable thing. You just kind of described it, though, Yeah,

0:23:30.520 --> 0:23:32.280
<v Speaker 1>vaster than any subway train.

0:23:32.800 --> 0:23:35.200
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, well, first of all, I do love that comparison. Yeah,

0:23:35.200 --> 0:23:40.080
<v Speaker 2>I can picture that the monsters moving like a subway train. Also, yeah,

0:23:40.119 --> 0:23:43.120
<v Speaker 2>this doesn't Lovecraft do this all the time. He says

0:23:43.200 --> 0:23:45.919
<v Speaker 2>it's impossible to describe this, and then he describes it.

0:23:46.400 --> 0:23:49.399
<v Speaker 1>Yes, Yeah, yeah, I can't describe it, but I'm going

0:23:49.480 --> 0:23:52.399
<v Speaker 1>to go on for about a good page telling you

0:23:52.480 --> 0:23:54.119
<v Speaker 1>how impossible this is to describe.

0:23:54.160 --> 0:23:56.119
<v Speaker 2>It's sort of like a way of saying, let me

0:23:56.200 --> 0:23:59.080
<v Speaker 2>describe this, but just know that it's worse than whatever

0:23:59.119 --> 0:23:59.639
<v Speaker 2>I'm saying.

0:23:59.760 --> 0:24:02.520
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, yes, And of course, there are just great train

0:24:02.600 --> 0:24:05.919
<v Speaker 1>moments sprinkled throughout horror and even just horror flavored fiction.

0:24:06.920 --> 0:24:09.280
<v Speaker 1>For instance, I mean there's the We've talked about the

0:24:09.400 --> 0:24:13.679
<v Speaker 1>vampire action sequence with Subways and Blade on weird El

0:24:13.720 --> 0:24:17.240
<v Speaker 1>Cinema before. Who can forget the arrival of the Dementors

0:24:17.280 --> 0:24:21.520
<v Speaker 1>on Hogwarts Express in Alfonso Quran's Harry Potter and the

0:24:21.520 --> 0:24:25.160
<v Speaker 1>Prisoner of Azkaban, which for my money is the best

0:24:25.160 --> 0:24:28.400
<v Speaker 1>film in that that whole series, and a very creepy sequences.

0:24:28.480 --> 0:24:32.120
<v Speaker 1>These wraiths are, you know, creeping aboard the train and

0:24:32.160 --> 0:24:34.760
<v Speaker 1>the ice is forming over the glass and so forth.

0:24:36.160 --> 0:24:38.600
<v Speaker 2>I only barely remember the moment you're talking about. Wait,

0:24:38.600 --> 0:24:41.560
<v Speaker 2>do the the Dementitors get on the train and arrive

0:24:41.640 --> 0:24:43.880
<v Speaker 2>by train or they're like surrounding a train.

0:24:43.760 --> 0:24:45.679
<v Speaker 1>They're surrounding the train. Yeah, they didn't get it, they

0:24:45.680 --> 0:24:49.360
<v Speaker 1>didn't buy a ticket, things about it. So at any rate,

0:24:49.560 --> 0:24:52.320
<v Speaker 1>suffice to say, there are a lot of great horror

0:24:52.359 --> 0:24:56.359
<v Speaker 1>and horror flavored train scenes in film and television, in

0:24:57.200 --> 0:25:00.719
<v Speaker 1>fiction written fiction. So I'm sure there are some excellent

0:25:00.720 --> 0:25:03.119
<v Speaker 1>examples that I haven't even thought to mention here. So

0:25:03.600 --> 0:25:05.800
<v Speaker 1>as always, we'd love to hear from folks out there,

0:25:05.840 --> 0:25:08.960
<v Speaker 1>if you have any examples that stand out in your

0:25:09.040 --> 0:25:11.320
<v Speaker 1>mind and line up with some of the examples we're

0:25:11.320 --> 0:25:12.040
<v Speaker 1>discussing here.

0:25:12.280 --> 0:25:16.120
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, absolutely right in now, Rob, if you don't mind.

0:25:16.200 --> 0:25:18.200
<v Speaker 2>I thought it would be interesting to try to look

0:25:18.240 --> 0:25:21.480
<v Speaker 2>at what are some of the most common and distinctive

0:25:21.760 --> 0:25:26.959
<v Speaker 2>themes of locomotive horror. What do train horror stories often

0:25:27.560 --> 0:25:31.520
<v Speaker 2>get focused on as opposed to just the usual themes

0:25:31.560 --> 0:25:33.840
<v Speaker 2>of horror. Here's what I could think of so far.

0:25:34.520 --> 0:25:36.960
<v Speaker 2>First of all, I think a big theme of train

0:25:37.040 --> 0:25:42.560
<v Speaker 2>horror is fate. These stories very often focus on people

0:25:42.560 --> 0:25:47.680
<v Speaker 2>who have some kind of foreknowledge or premonition of horrible

0:25:47.800 --> 0:25:51.760
<v Speaker 2>events or outcomes, but have no way to prevent them

0:25:51.920 --> 0:25:54.800
<v Speaker 2>from happening. This is a core idea of the Dickens

0:25:54.880 --> 0:25:57.760
<v Speaker 2>story The Signalman. But it happens in a lot of

0:25:57.800 --> 0:26:01.040
<v Speaker 2>train fiction that you know something is going to happen,

0:26:01.240 --> 0:26:03.479
<v Speaker 2>and you usually don't want it to happen, but you

0:26:03.520 --> 0:26:07.520
<v Speaker 2>can't stop it. And I think this relates to unique features,

0:26:07.640 --> 0:26:11.720
<v Speaker 2>especially in the nineteenth century, of trains as a transportation technology.

0:26:12.200 --> 0:26:15.120
<v Speaker 2>When you're on a train, you are headed somewhere, and

0:26:15.160 --> 0:26:18.359
<v Speaker 2>you've usually usually chosen to get on the train, but

0:26:18.640 --> 0:26:21.879
<v Speaker 2>the travel is not occurring by your own physical power,

0:26:22.520 --> 0:26:25.400
<v Speaker 2>and the train is not under your control to steer,

0:26:26.080 --> 0:26:29.320
<v Speaker 2>and it is not within your practical power to get

0:26:29.359 --> 0:26:32.160
<v Speaker 2>off the train. So once you're on a moving train,

0:26:32.359 --> 0:26:36.679
<v Speaker 2>you are being taken ineluctably to the train's destination, and

0:26:36.720 --> 0:26:39.200
<v Speaker 2>no matter how much you may want to, you cannot

0:26:39.280 --> 0:26:40.120
<v Speaker 2>change course.

0:26:40.920 --> 0:26:41.600
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

0:26:41.680 --> 0:26:48.560
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, this is indeed a great observation of horror train fiction. Yeah,

0:26:48.560 --> 0:26:51.440
<v Speaker 1>and even science fiction. You know, you get into even

0:26:51.480 --> 0:26:54.560
<v Speaker 1>examples Like I keep thinking of snow Piercer, the TV series,

0:26:54.560 --> 0:26:56.560
<v Speaker 1>in the film, and like what are they doing with trains?

0:26:56.560 --> 0:26:59.520
<v Speaker 1>And they're doing a lot with trains thematically and with setting,

0:27:00.280 --> 0:27:02.439
<v Speaker 1>but one of them kind of turning this concept on

0:27:02.520 --> 0:27:05.520
<v Speaker 1>its head is that the train has no destination. It's

0:27:05.640 --> 0:27:08.920
<v Speaker 1>just going endlessly around the world. There's like no destination

0:27:09.080 --> 0:27:11.840
<v Speaker 1>left to go to because there's nothing left of human

0:27:11.880 --> 0:27:14.560
<v Speaker 1>civilization except the journey of the train.

0:27:14.880 --> 0:27:18.520
<v Speaker 2>But that has some metaphorical potency of its own, right,

0:27:18.600 --> 0:27:21.520
<v Speaker 2>The idea of just a movement that never ceases with

0:27:21.600 --> 0:27:26.800
<v Speaker 2>no endpoint or goal. Yeah, infinite games, right, Yeah. But

0:27:26.920 --> 0:27:30.600
<v Speaker 2>also I was thinking about how the physical characteristics of

0:27:30.640 --> 0:27:34.399
<v Speaker 2>locomotives and travel by rail feed into this theme of

0:27:34.800 --> 0:27:40.399
<v Speaker 2>fate and unavoidable outcomes because trains are enormous and enormously

0:27:40.520 --> 0:27:43.840
<v Speaker 2>powerful machines, which it would be you know, not only

0:27:43.920 --> 0:27:45.679
<v Speaker 2>while if you're a passenger on a train, can you

0:27:45.720 --> 0:27:47.800
<v Speaker 2>not steer the train yourself? You know, it's stuck to

0:27:47.840 --> 0:27:50.960
<v Speaker 2>the tracks, It's going wherever the engine driver takes it.

0:27:50.960 --> 0:27:54.560
<v Speaker 2>It would also be hopeless to personally resist the movement

0:27:54.600 --> 0:27:56.359
<v Speaker 2>of the train. You know, you can't like push it

0:27:56.480 --> 0:28:01.399
<v Speaker 2>or anything. It's overwhelming physical power. Also, travel by train

0:28:01.560 --> 0:28:04.560
<v Speaker 2>is fast. You enter the belly of this great beast

0:28:04.680 --> 0:28:07.120
<v Speaker 2>in one place, and then before you know it, you're

0:28:07.200 --> 0:28:09.480
<v Speaker 2>just in another city, another part of the country, another

0:28:09.520 --> 0:28:13.560
<v Speaker 2>part of the world, contributing to this sense of too quickness,

0:28:13.760 --> 0:28:17.040
<v Speaker 2>like I have not had time to prepare for what's coming.

0:28:17.960 --> 0:28:22.320
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, this this theme instantly makes me think of this

0:28:22.520 --> 0:28:27.200
<v Speaker 1>particular reggae song I believe Bob Marley and the Whaler's

0:28:27.280 --> 0:28:30.680
<v Speaker 1>covered it at one point, called stop that Train, and

0:28:31.000 --> 0:28:34.119
<v Speaker 1>it's you know, the chorus is stop stop that train,

0:28:34.280 --> 0:28:36.800
<v Speaker 1>I want to get off, and so forth, And like

0:28:36.840 --> 0:28:40.160
<v Speaker 1>we instantly connect with this idea, like something is propelling

0:28:40.200 --> 0:28:44.240
<v Speaker 1>me toward a destination and I've changed my mind about it,

0:28:44.360 --> 0:28:45.920
<v Speaker 1>or I never wanted to go there to begin with.

0:28:46.280 --> 0:28:47.640
<v Speaker 1>I would like to get off the train.

0:28:48.440 --> 0:28:51.200
<v Speaker 2>Or maybe you just now understand what it means to

0:28:51.240 --> 0:28:53.600
<v Speaker 2>go to this destination. You got on the train thinking

0:28:53.640 --> 0:28:56.560
<v Speaker 2>one thing, and then you learn something it changes your mind.

0:28:56.920 --> 0:29:01.120
<v Speaker 1>Yeah. So it's like the technology becomes the excellent metaphor

0:29:01.240 --> 0:29:04.640
<v Speaker 1>for so many different aspects of human life, including life

0:29:04.680 --> 0:29:06.680
<v Speaker 1>itself in our linear experience of it.

0:29:07.120 --> 0:29:12.160
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. So, okay. I think fate and fatalism, unavoidable outcomes,

0:29:12.200 --> 0:29:14.920
<v Speaker 2>that's a big theme. Second theme I would say is

0:29:15.040 --> 0:29:19.600
<v Speaker 2>very common in these stories is isolation and alienation. I

0:29:19.640 --> 0:29:23.320
<v Speaker 2>think because you cannot safely exit a train in motion.

0:29:24.000 --> 0:29:27.560
<v Speaker 2>Stories set on trains often emphasize themes of being cut

0:29:27.600 --> 0:29:30.400
<v Speaker 2>off and isolated from the rest of the world, the

0:29:30.440 --> 0:29:33.680
<v Speaker 2>world outside. So you can look out the windows of

0:29:33.720 --> 0:29:36.760
<v Speaker 2>the train at the world as it goes by, but

0:29:36.880 --> 0:29:39.720
<v Speaker 2>you can't interact with that world. You can only watch

0:29:39.840 --> 0:29:43.040
<v Speaker 2>pieces of it quickly merge into and out of your view,

0:29:43.640 --> 0:29:47.720
<v Speaker 2>and I think that creates this feeling of unreality and distance.

0:29:48.480 --> 0:29:49.840
<v Speaker 2>This is sort of what I was getting at in

0:29:49.880 --> 0:29:52.680
<v Speaker 2>response to that rant by Sherlock Holmes looking out at

0:29:52.680 --> 0:29:55.800
<v Speaker 2>the world. I wonder if this feeling of unreality and

0:29:55.920 --> 0:29:59.680
<v Speaker 2>alienation contributes to the malice that Home sees when looking

0:29:59.720 --> 0:30:02.760
<v Speaker 2>out at houses through a passing train window. If he

0:30:02.760 --> 0:30:04.840
<v Speaker 2>would feel any different if he were just standing on

0:30:04.880 --> 0:30:06.720
<v Speaker 2>the ground looking at the same scene.

0:30:07.000 --> 0:30:08.320
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, yeah, that's a great point.

0:30:08.480 --> 0:30:19.760
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

0:30:20.160 --> 0:30:23.720
<v Speaker 2>Now beyond that more abstract feeling, the kind of uncanny

0:30:23.720 --> 0:30:27.560
<v Speaker 2>separation of the train and its passengers from the outside world,

0:30:28.200 --> 0:30:30.960
<v Speaker 2>there's a different type of isolation that often comes up

0:30:31.000 --> 0:30:34.960
<v Speaker 2>in these stories, and it's much more practical individual isolation

0:30:35.200 --> 0:30:40.120
<v Speaker 2>inclosed train compartments. In a lot of the nonfiction writings

0:30:40.160 --> 0:30:42.560
<v Speaker 2>about trains from the nineteenth century, and we're going to

0:30:42.560 --> 0:30:44.360
<v Speaker 2>get into some of these as the series goes on,

0:30:45.080 --> 0:30:50.920
<v Speaker 2>you see a particular concern about people being by themselves

0:30:51.000 --> 0:30:56.560
<v Speaker 2>and vulnerable to attacks in the privacy compartments of passenger trains. Now,

0:30:56.600 --> 0:31:00.600
<v Speaker 2>I think this is interesting because obviously the train was

0:31:00.680 --> 0:31:04.440
<v Speaker 2>not the first time there were ever rooms with walls

0:31:04.600 --> 0:31:08.320
<v Speaker 2>and small spaces where people could become isolated and trapped,

0:31:08.360 --> 0:31:12.600
<v Speaker 2>say with a dangerous person. But for some reason, compartments

0:31:12.600 --> 0:31:16.520
<v Speaker 2>on trains seemed especially frightening to people in this regard.

0:31:16.600 --> 0:31:19.840
<v Speaker 2>Like if you read newspaper articles from London in the

0:31:19.920 --> 0:31:23.120
<v Speaker 2>eighteen sixties. People are writing about with terror about this

0:31:23.240 --> 0:31:27.000
<v Speaker 2>idea of getting stock or cornered in a train car.

0:31:27.480 --> 0:31:30.680
<v Speaker 2>But it's interesting to look at like why this environment

0:31:30.760 --> 0:31:35.040
<v Speaker 2>in particular struck people as a place that was dangerous.

0:31:35.800 --> 0:31:37.840
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, yeah, that is interesting to think about it. I mean,

0:31:38.360 --> 0:31:41.280
<v Speaker 1>I'm tempted to think of it as like the world

0:31:41.440 --> 0:31:45.920
<v Speaker 1>has been squished down and elongated, and so all of

0:31:45.920 --> 0:31:48.720
<v Speaker 1>those little confined spaces that you might encounter in the

0:31:48.720 --> 0:31:51.000
<v Speaker 1>world are just maybe a little more confined or seem

0:31:51.040 --> 0:31:54.320
<v Speaker 1>a little more confined because the world has been narrowed

0:31:54.320 --> 0:31:58.800
<v Speaker 1>down into these uniform bricks of habitation. Yeah.

0:31:59.200 --> 0:32:01.800
<v Speaker 2>Another theme, but I think pops up in these stories

0:32:01.880 --> 0:32:05.680
<v Speaker 2>is train tunnels as journeys to the underworld, so passing

0:32:05.720 --> 0:32:09.840
<v Speaker 2>through into darkness, literally traveling under the earth. This serves

0:32:09.880 --> 0:32:12.720
<v Speaker 2>as metaphorical in the same way that journeys to the

0:32:12.840 --> 0:32:16.160
<v Speaker 2>underworld often do in fiction, as a way of speaking

0:32:16.200 --> 0:32:21.400
<v Speaker 2>about death often or great transitions and changes, and then

0:32:21.480 --> 0:32:24.040
<v Speaker 2>speaking of change. One more theme. I think that is

0:32:24.160 --> 0:32:27.320
<v Speaker 2>quite prominent, especially in stories from the nineteenth century. I

0:32:27.320 --> 0:32:29.479
<v Speaker 2>think this is less true as time goes on, but

0:32:29.520 --> 0:32:32.720
<v Speaker 2>in stories from the nineteenth century, when passenger trains were

0:32:32.760 --> 0:32:37.680
<v Speaker 2>a more recent innovation. Trains often are used as the

0:32:38.080 --> 0:32:42.440
<v Speaker 2>singular symbol of the technological era. So in the same

0:32:42.480 --> 0:32:44.400
<v Speaker 2>way that if you wanted to write a story today

0:32:44.520 --> 0:32:48.000
<v Speaker 2>commenting on the digital age, you might have as an

0:32:48.000 --> 0:32:51.680
<v Speaker 2>object in that story, like a phone or a computer.

0:32:51.920 --> 0:32:55.760
<v Speaker 2>That's like the icon of the technological environment. I think

0:32:55.760 --> 0:32:59.160
<v Speaker 2>in the same way, the locomotive was the core physical

0:32:59.240 --> 0:33:02.840
<v Speaker 2>symbol of the steam age and everything that came with it.

0:33:03.200 --> 0:33:07.680
<v Speaker 2>So the replacement of human labor with machine power, changes

0:33:07.720 --> 0:33:10.600
<v Speaker 2>to the physical landscape of the world, a pollution of

0:33:10.640 --> 0:33:15.360
<v Speaker 2>the environment, the accelerating pace of human life, increasing power

0:33:15.400 --> 0:33:18.600
<v Speaker 2>to both create and destroy. All these things I think

0:33:18.680 --> 0:33:22.280
<v Speaker 2>were symbolized in the physical object of the train. The

0:33:22.320 --> 0:33:25.960
<v Speaker 2>train could key out to all of those technological ideas,

0:33:26.560 --> 0:33:30.160
<v Speaker 2>and I think for that reason, it's not hyperbole to

0:33:30.200 --> 0:33:33.160
<v Speaker 2>say that somebody, especially in the nineteenth century, could easily

0:33:33.200 --> 0:33:36.400
<v Speaker 2>look on the steam engine and the steam engine powered

0:33:36.600 --> 0:33:41.560
<v Speaker 2>locomotive as something demonic, something unholy. It is humanities packed

0:33:41.600 --> 0:33:44.480
<v Speaker 2>with the devil that has given us great power at

0:33:44.520 --> 0:33:45.680
<v Speaker 2>the cost of our souls.

0:33:46.440 --> 0:33:49.440
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, yeah, And I think it's also worth keeping in

0:33:49.480 --> 0:33:52.760
<v Speaker 1>mind that Again, no matter how every day and new

0:33:52.840 --> 0:33:58.120
<v Speaker 1>and even old fashioned train transportation may seem to us today,

0:33:58.400 --> 0:34:03.000
<v Speaker 1>we also have to look at the fact that, you know,

0:34:03.080 --> 0:34:06.240
<v Speaker 1>a lot of our fiction that we read today has,

0:34:06.720 --> 0:34:09.319
<v Speaker 1>in one way or another, has sort of roots in

0:34:09.680 --> 0:34:12.640
<v Speaker 1>the storytelling of this time period. You know, like you

0:34:12.680 --> 0:34:15.520
<v Speaker 1>may not be setting around reading a bunch of Charles Dickens,

0:34:15.840 --> 0:34:19.279
<v Speaker 1>but inevitably you're reading people that were inspired by people

0:34:19.280 --> 0:34:22.720
<v Speaker 1>who are inspired by Dickens. Or Yeah, you can add, however,

0:34:22.800 --> 0:34:27.040
<v Speaker 1>many layers of transition or and play there, but you

0:34:27.080 --> 0:34:29.760
<v Speaker 1>can't deny, at least in the English language, the importance

0:34:29.760 --> 0:34:32.920
<v Speaker 1>of these works. Likewise, when you look at film, like,

0:34:33.200 --> 0:34:36.080
<v Speaker 1>trains have always been a part of the moving picture,

0:34:37.200 --> 0:34:40.719
<v Speaker 1>and so you see cinema coming out of the late

0:34:40.800 --> 0:34:45.480
<v Speaker 1>nineteenth century still fascinated with trains and capturing trains, and

0:34:45.520 --> 0:34:49.719
<v Speaker 1>we've never stopped being fascinated with trains in our visual

0:34:49.920 --> 0:34:53.560
<v Speaker 1>cinematic storytelling. Yeah, all right, so we've alluded to some

0:34:53.600 --> 0:34:55.360
<v Speaker 1>of the history here. I thought it would be a

0:34:55.360 --> 0:34:58.880
<v Speaker 1>good idea just to run through rather quickly some of

0:34:58.920 --> 0:35:02.440
<v Speaker 1>the big moments and development of locomotive technology. This is

0:35:02.520 --> 0:35:04.960
<v Speaker 1>not going to be a full blown invention episode, so

0:35:05.000 --> 0:35:07.640
<v Speaker 1>we're not going to go through everything in detail, and

0:35:07.760 --> 0:35:10.680
<v Speaker 1>ultimately it's not just a hey, one day a guy

0:35:10.719 --> 0:35:14.440
<v Speaker 1>invented a locomotive and they went with it. You know,

0:35:14.440 --> 0:35:19.400
<v Speaker 1>there are a number of different people involved, different technologies

0:35:19.400 --> 0:35:24.360
<v Speaker 1>that end up being utilized and built upon. But you know,

0:35:24.440 --> 0:35:27.400
<v Speaker 1>to start with the basic concept of a wheeled vehicle

0:35:27.520 --> 0:35:31.080
<v Speaker 1>on a set track sometimes called like a wagonway. This

0:35:31.239 --> 0:35:35.640
<v Speaker 1>dates back as far as ancient Babylon wheeled carts affixed

0:35:35.680 --> 0:35:39.320
<v Speaker 1>to some sort of rail, you know, to keep the

0:35:39.640 --> 0:35:43.719
<v Speaker 1>cart on track, literally on track, like that's how how

0:35:43.719 --> 0:35:46.320
<v Speaker 1>do you refer to it? The language has already embedded concept.

0:35:46.360 --> 0:35:49.960
<v Speaker 1>But wheeled carts affixed to rails or of course have

0:35:50.120 --> 0:35:53.840
<v Speaker 1>long been used in mining operations pulled by human or

0:35:53.920 --> 0:35:56.800
<v Speaker 1>animal labor, well in advance of any kind of steam

0:35:56.840 --> 0:36:01.840
<v Speaker 1>technology or electric like electronic technology, which would and this

0:36:01.880 --> 0:36:05.960
<v Speaker 1>would have all would lay the groundwork for the locomotive

0:36:06.000 --> 0:36:09.400
<v Speaker 1>revolution that's to come. And it's honestly kind of interesting

0:36:09.440 --> 0:36:11.840
<v Speaker 1>to think about the connection between trains and mine cards

0:36:11.880 --> 0:36:14.440
<v Speaker 1>here because mines, of course, as we've discussed in the

0:36:14.440 --> 0:36:16.960
<v Speaker 1>show before, are also places with their own deep seated

0:36:17.040 --> 0:36:21.840
<v Speaker 1>myths and legends. And definitely themes of traveling into the underworld.

0:36:22.160 --> 0:36:24.839
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I was about to say, overlapping themes. Yeah.

0:36:24.880 --> 0:36:30.440
<v Speaker 1>Now. Steam technology also runs pretty deep in its basic conception, theorized,

0:36:30.480 --> 0:36:32.560
<v Speaker 1>for instance, in the second half of the first century

0:36:32.640 --> 0:36:37.240
<v Speaker 1>CE by Greek mathematician Hero sometimes called Heros or Heron.

0:36:38.200 --> 0:36:41.680
<v Speaker 1>For centuries, however, steam technology was mostly the domain of

0:36:41.800 --> 0:36:46.400
<v Speaker 1>theories and concepts, followed by experiments and novelties, you know,

0:36:46.480 --> 0:36:49.759
<v Speaker 1>essentially little toys, leading up to a let's say, a

0:36:49.800 --> 0:36:53.759
<v Speaker 1>seventeenth century pressure cooker, and then in sixteen ninety eight

0:36:54.200 --> 0:36:59.880
<v Speaker 1>Thomas Savory's steam pump, the Miner's Friend. This was in

0:37:00.080 --> 0:37:02.360
<v Speaker 1>vented as a way to use steam power to remove

0:37:02.440 --> 0:37:03.880
<v Speaker 1>water from mines.

0:37:04.080 --> 0:37:05.319
<v Speaker 2>To sort of pump them out.

0:37:05.520 --> 0:37:09.719
<v Speaker 1>Yeah. Now, it actually wasn't that successful in pumping water

0:37:09.800 --> 0:37:12.560
<v Speaker 1>out of mines for a number of technological reasons and

0:37:12.800 --> 0:37:16.240
<v Speaker 1>technological limitations at the time, but it pushed the technology forward.

0:37:16.239 --> 0:37:18.120
<v Speaker 1>And there are various examples of this sort of thing

0:37:18.480 --> 0:37:21.080
<v Speaker 1>in the development of steam technology. Leading up to the

0:37:21.080 --> 0:37:25.759
<v Speaker 1>steam train, we get the newcoming engine, the Bolton and

0:37:25.800 --> 0:37:29.960
<v Speaker 1>Watt engine, we get the Cornish engine, and each of

0:37:30.000 --> 0:37:33.319
<v Speaker 1>these has its own story that we don't have time

0:37:33.320 --> 0:37:35.399
<v Speaker 1>to get into here, and then at the same time

0:37:35.440 --> 0:37:37.880
<v Speaker 1>there were plenty of other schemes to power a land

0:37:37.960 --> 0:37:41.440
<v Speaker 1>vehicle with some sort of technology it steam or otherwise.

0:37:41.880 --> 0:37:44.879
<v Speaker 1>So concepts and attempts at steam driven cars date back

0:37:44.920 --> 0:37:48.960
<v Speaker 1>to the sixteen hundreds and French inventor Nicholas Joseph Kuno

0:37:49.719 --> 0:37:53.160
<v Speaker 1>made the first steam powered vehicle in seventeen sixty nine.

0:37:53.680 --> 0:37:56.360
<v Speaker 1>But then Richard Trevithek, one of the mines behind the

0:37:56.400 --> 0:37:58.799
<v Speaker 1>Cornish Engine, took it to the next level with a

0:37:58.840 --> 0:38:01.960
<v Speaker 1>steam powered engine design to take advantage of the pre

0:38:02.040 --> 0:38:06.160
<v Speaker 1>existing iron enforced wooden rails called tramways, who were already

0:38:06.200 --> 0:38:08.799
<v Speaker 1>used in industrial parts of England on which you had

0:38:08.920 --> 0:38:13.120
<v Speaker 1>horses pulling carts full of sa coal. Two decades after this,

0:38:13.200 --> 0:38:19.000
<v Speaker 1>British engineer George Stevenson advanced the concept and locomotion number

0:38:19.000 --> 0:38:22.279
<v Speaker 1>one carried cargo and I believe six hundred passengers in

0:38:22.320 --> 0:38:25.640
<v Speaker 1>a test run. And at this point there are various

0:38:25.680 --> 0:38:29.520
<v Speaker 1>important figures in the UK, in the US and elsewhere

0:38:29.600 --> 0:38:32.759
<v Speaker 1>who end up pushing the technology and the industry of

0:38:32.840 --> 0:38:35.719
<v Speaker 1>trains forward, because it's kind of like a push and

0:38:35.719 --> 0:38:37.759
<v Speaker 1>pull there, like you need the technology, but you also

0:38:37.840 --> 0:38:40.480
<v Speaker 1>need the industry, you need the business savvy, you need

0:38:40.520 --> 0:38:44.000
<v Speaker 1>applications of the technology, and so it's a it's a

0:38:44.040 --> 0:38:48.760
<v Speaker 1>fascinating but also kind of ever expanding history at this point.

0:38:49.080 --> 0:38:52.080
<v Speaker 1>But the way this ends up affecting the world is,

0:38:52.120 --> 0:38:56.080
<v Speaker 1>of course, train tracks steadily began to stitch together major

0:38:56.160 --> 0:39:00.759
<v Speaker 1>centers of population within a given country than a given nation,

0:39:01.080 --> 0:39:05.560
<v Speaker 1>but then also between cities and neighboring nations, and they

0:39:05.600 --> 0:39:08.840
<v Speaker 1>eventually seem to be encircling the earth kind of like

0:39:08.880 --> 0:39:13.000
<v Speaker 1>that iron spider that was reference the Dickens.

0:39:12.840 --> 0:39:15.360
<v Speaker 2>Quote, the great ground spiders that spun only iron.

0:39:15.560 --> 0:39:19.919
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, yeah, yeah, And they're also burrowing underneath the earth.

0:39:19.960 --> 0:39:22.719
<v Speaker 1>We have to remember that the London underground parts of it,

0:39:22.960 --> 0:39:25.160
<v Speaker 1>at any rate, the earliest parts of it began opening

0:39:25.160 --> 0:39:26.439
<v Speaker 1>in like eighteen sixty three.

0:39:26.840 --> 0:39:27.040
<v Speaker 3>Wow.

0:39:27.120 --> 0:39:31.759
<v Speaker 1>So basically train technology, you know, spinning off of these

0:39:31.800 --> 0:39:34.920
<v Speaker 1>other technologies. It ends up changing the way humans and

0:39:35.000 --> 0:39:39.160
<v Speaker 1>goods traverse the world, just changing so many things about

0:39:39.160 --> 0:39:40.320
<v Speaker 1>the shape of human life.

0:39:40.440 --> 0:39:44.319
<v Speaker 2>And I think you can argue having ripple effects out

0:39:44.360 --> 0:39:49.719
<v Speaker 2>through culture that are much bigger than just making it

0:39:49.800 --> 0:39:52.600
<v Speaker 2>faster to get stuff and people from one place to another.

0:39:53.360 --> 0:39:55.800
<v Speaker 2>I mean, one example we've talked about on the show before.

0:39:55.920 --> 0:39:59.720
<v Speaker 2>Is the way that train scheduled affected the cultural concept

0:39:59.719 --> 0:40:03.759
<v Speaker 2>of time time. Yes, like trains, it's very important that

0:40:03.840 --> 0:40:06.560
<v Speaker 2>you are operating on schedule. There can be danger if

0:40:06.560 --> 0:40:09.920
<v Speaker 2>there are you know, miscommunications of time, even down to

0:40:09.960 --> 0:40:12.520
<v Speaker 2>the to a matter of minutes. So like suddenly there

0:40:12.600 --> 0:40:17.080
<v Speaker 2>is a necessity for exact measures of time that are

0:40:17.120 --> 0:40:19.319
<v Speaker 2>you know, held throughout a place, and that that sort

0:40:19.320 --> 0:40:22.200
<v Speaker 2>of changes everything in a way. Lots of stuff follows

0:40:22.239 --> 0:40:24.600
<v Speaker 2>downstream from that, and there are other things like that.

0:40:25.120 --> 0:40:25.359
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

0:40:25.480 --> 0:40:28.719
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, it's almost like the continuity of the rail itself

0:40:29.120 --> 0:40:32.640
<v Speaker 1>stretching from from this big city to this small town

0:40:33.160 --> 0:40:36.719
<v Speaker 1>like they are one now in the is as far

0:40:36.760 --> 0:40:39.480
<v Speaker 1>as timing is concerned, I mean it always was, but

0:40:39.640 --> 0:40:41.560
<v Speaker 1>you can no longer have just sort of local time,

0:40:41.719 --> 0:40:44.319
<v Speaker 1>like yeah, it's you know here, it's like three thirty five. Now,

0:40:44.600 --> 0:40:46.359
<v Speaker 1>if you're saying it's three thirty five here, it has

0:40:46.400 --> 0:40:48.359
<v Speaker 1>to be three thirty five back in the city. These

0:40:48.400 --> 0:40:49.960
<v Speaker 1>times absolutely have to match.

0:41:00.800 --> 0:41:03.600
<v Speaker 2>Okay. So we've talked about the use of trains as

0:41:03.600 --> 0:41:06.919
<v Speaker 2>a setting or plot device in weird fiction. We've talked

0:41:06.920 --> 0:41:11.160
<v Speaker 2>about common themes attaching to locomotive horror themes like fate

0:41:11.320 --> 0:41:16.440
<v Speaker 2>and helplessness, isolation and alienation. We talked a bit about

0:41:16.560 --> 0:41:20.040
<v Speaker 2>the early steam locomotive models like George and Robert Stevenson's

0:41:20.080 --> 0:41:23.279
<v Speaker 2>Locomotion Number One in the eighteen twenties, and then the

0:41:23.400 --> 0:41:26.839
<v Speaker 2>emerging cultural impact of steam powered trains in the mid

0:41:26.960 --> 0:41:31.320
<v Speaker 2>nineteenth century as they became more incorporated into everyday life

0:41:31.360 --> 0:41:36.719
<v Speaker 2>within industrial societies. But with technological and cultural changes we

0:41:36.760 --> 0:41:41.000
<v Speaker 2>know there often come anxieties. New technologies have not only

0:41:41.040 --> 0:41:44.880
<v Speaker 2>a way of creating new fears and stresses, but also

0:41:44.960 --> 0:41:50.719
<v Speaker 2>of exposing and tenderizing anxieties that existed before. So I

0:41:50.800 --> 0:41:53.920
<v Speaker 2>wanted to talk briefly about what I think is a

0:41:53.920 --> 0:41:58.759
<v Speaker 2>really interesting phenomenon, which we could call the Victorian railway

0:41:58.920 --> 0:42:05.520
<v Speaker 2>madness panic. This was a particular journalistic and cultural obsession

0:42:05.920 --> 0:42:11.680
<v Speaker 2>in Great Britain lasting between roughly eighteen sixty and eighteen eighty,

0:42:12.280 --> 0:42:16.319
<v Speaker 2>in which it seems people were both fascinated with and

0:42:16.560 --> 0:42:21.600
<v Speaker 2>horrified by the idea of being confined with violent, raving

0:42:21.880 --> 0:42:25.920
<v Speaker 2>madmen on moving trains. So my main source on this

0:42:26.040 --> 0:42:29.920
<v Speaker 2>subject is a historical article published in the Journal of

0:42:30.080 --> 0:42:34.520
<v Speaker 2>Victorian Culture in twenty sixteen called Shattered Minds mad Men

0:42:34.640 --> 0:42:38.200
<v Speaker 2>on the Railways eighteen sixty to eighteen eighty and this

0:42:38.360 --> 0:42:41.879
<v Speaker 2>article is by a scholar named Amy Milne Smith, who

0:42:41.920 --> 0:42:46.280
<v Speaker 2>is a professor of history at Wilfrid Laurier University. Overall,

0:42:46.320 --> 0:42:48.919
<v Speaker 2>it's a fascinating read, and I regret that we don't

0:42:48.960 --> 0:42:51.400
<v Speaker 2>have time to get into all of the interesting details

0:42:51.440 --> 0:42:54.040
<v Speaker 2>and arguments that the author brings up here. I'm going

0:42:54.120 --> 0:42:56.160
<v Speaker 2>to mention some of the major points that stood out

0:42:56.200 --> 0:42:58.800
<v Speaker 2>to me as relevant for our discussion today, but as possible,

0:42:58.840 --> 0:43:00.600
<v Speaker 2>we'll come back to this page for a bit more

0:43:00.640 --> 0:43:04.759
<v Speaker 2>in the next episode as well. So this article begins

0:43:04.800 --> 0:43:09.359
<v Speaker 2>by highlighting another article, an article from eighteen sixty three,

0:43:09.560 --> 0:43:12.600
<v Speaker 2>which is great because it's one of those social trend

0:43:12.719 --> 0:43:15.440
<v Speaker 2>articles that we still get today, like a you know,

0:43:15.520 --> 0:43:17.279
<v Speaker 2>five or ten years ago, it was like all the

0:43:17.280 --> 0:43:20.680
<v Speaker 2>teens are reading tide pods. But this one is from

0:43:20.719 --> 0:43:23.880
<v Speaker 2>eighteen sixty three and it's called a Madman on the

0:43:24.000 --> 0:43:28.680
<v Speaker 2>rail published in the London Review. And so I looked

0:43:28.719 --> 0:43:31.200
<v Speaker 2>this article up in full, actually, so I could see

0:43:31.280 --> 0:43:33.040
<v Speaker 2>everything it says. I found a full scan of it

0:43:33.080 --> 0:43:36.320
<v Speaker 2>on archive dot org and it is packed with interesting claims,

0:43:36.640 --> 0:43:39.400
<v Speaker 2>but I have to mention the opening lines because the

0:43:39.520 --> 0:43:42.440
<v Speaker 2>editors of the London Review really know how to grab you.

0:43:42.920 --> 0:43:46.760
<v Speaker 2>They say, we demand that a bishop or Privy councilor

0:43:46.920 --> 0:43:49.920
<v Speaker 2>be slaughtered in a railway carriage for the benefit of

0:43:49.920 --> 0:43:53.920
<v Speaker 2>his country. Sidney Smith long ago made a similar demand

0:43:54.160 --> 0:43:57.200
<v Speaker 2>that a dignitary of the church be burnt alive in

0:43:57.239 --> 0:44:01.680
<v Speaker 2>a railway carriage which had spontaneously hot fire, for this

0:44:01.920 --> 0:44:05.600
<v Speaker 2>is the only means of impressing railway directors with the

0:44:05.640 --> 0:44:11.440
<v Speaker 2>propriety of affording travelers some means of communicating with the guard. Okay,

0:44:11.480 --> 0:44:14.480
<v Speaker 2>so if I'm grading this as a first year persuasive essay,

0:44:14.840 --> 0:44:17.160
<v Speaker 2>that might be coming on a little strong, but not bad.

0:44:17.200 --> 0:44:19.640
<v Speaker 2>To begin by making it clear how serious you think

0:44:19.680 --> 0:44:23.080
<v Speaker 2>an issue is that what's the problem that they say

0:44:23.120 --> 0:44:25.040
<v Speaker 2>can only be solved by human sacrifice?

0:44:25.160 --> 0:44:25.319
<v Speaker 3>Yeah?

0:44:25.360 --> 0:44:29.240
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, threatening the clergy with ritual death seems a little strong.

0:44:29.560 --> 0:44:35.239
<v Speaker 2>Yes, So here's the problem quote. Traveling express with madmen

0:44:35.600 --> 0:44:40.520
<v Speaker 2>is unfortunately not an improbable circumstance of real life. And

0:44:40.600 --> 0:44:44.440
<v Speaker 2>if there be any tendency to mania, the excitement of

0:44:44.560 --> 0:44:48.160
<v Speaker 2>rapid transit through the air is the very thing to

0:44:48.239 --> 0:44:53.360
<v Speaker 2>bring it on. So this article is not isolated. I

0:44:53.360 --> 0:44:57.000
<v Speaker 2>think we could characterize this as part of a journalistic

0:44:57.160 --> 0:45:02.200
<v Speaker 2>phenomenon of the eighteen sixties of newspaper and magazine articles

0:45:02.960 --> 0:45:08.880
<v Speaker 2>really focusing on and highlighting the dangers of madmen on trains.

0:45:09.760 --> 0:45:13.680
<v Speaker 2>And so this article by Amy Millan Smith explores a

0:45:13.719 --> 0:45:17.680
<v Speaker 2>lot of that that cultural obsession, and it concerns two

0:45:17.680 --> 0:45:21.160
<v Speaker 2>different nightmare train ride scenarios that sort of gripped the

0:45:21.200 --> 0:45:24.200
<v Speaker 2>minds of the British public in these decades. So the

0:45:24.239 --> 0:45:29.080
<v Speaker 2>first scenario is I think more plausible from our perspective today,

0:45:30.080 --> 0:45:34.320
<v Speaker 2>and that scenario is violent madmen are getting on board

0:45:34.440 --> 0:45:38.360
<v Speaker 2>trains and other passengers are trapped in the cars with them.

0:45:38.560 --> 0:45:41.280
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, because this is an idea that has never completely

0:45:41.320 --> 0:45:44.560
<v Speaker 1>gone away and still makes the headlines, whether you're talking

0:45:44.560 --> 0:45:48.160
<v Speaker 1>about the trains, particularly say New York subway. I mean,

0:45:48.200 --> 0:45:51.239
<v Speaker 1>it's become it's a trope. It's a joke about the

0:45:51.280 --> 0:45:54.359
<v Speaker 1>individual's misbehaving or posing a danger on an un given

0:45:54.440 --> 0:45:58.520
<v Speaker 1>train car. And then likewise we see echoes of this

0:45:58.840 --> 0:46:02.319
<v Speaker 1>with in aviation as well. Well yeah, yeah, so it's

0:46:02.400 --> 0:46:04.439
<v Speaker 1>you know, to a certain extent or reality, but also

0:46:04.640 --> 0:46:08.960
<v Speaker 1>something that is easily easily built up in the imagination

0:46:09.040 --> 0:46:09.440
<v Speaker 1>as well.

0:46:09.520 --> 0:46:12.759
<v Speaker 2>Well, yeah, exactly, so there is no doubt there were

0:46:12.960 --> 0:46:16.200
<v Speaker 2>cases in this time period where people were violently attacked

0:46:16.239 --> 0:46:18.560
<v Speaker 2>by a stranger on a train. Of course, this can

0:46:18.600 --> 0:46:20.920
<v Speaker 2>happen in pretty much any public place, and that the

0:46:20.960 --> 0:46:24.080
<v Speaker 2>train is one place it does happen. And while I

0:46:24.120 --> 0:46:27.720
<v Speaker 2>think a kind of vividness bias probably made this scenario

0:46:27.880 --> 0:46:31.560
<v Speaker 2>seem more common than it actually was, you can't blame

0:46:31.600 --> 0:46:34.480
<v Speaker 2>people for being alarmed. I mean, nobody would want to

0:46:34.560 --> 0:46:36.920
<v Speaker 2>be trapped in a confined space with a person who's

0:46:36.920 --> 0:46:40.880
<v Speaker 2>acting erratically and then becomes violent. That's a bad situation

0:46:40.960 --> 0:46:43.680
<v Speaker 2>to be in. So you can't blame people for seeing

0:46:43.719 --> 0:46:46.040
<v Speaker 2>that as a problem. But the issue seems to be

0:46:46.160 --> 0:46:50.080
<v Speaker 2>that people came to believe, because of the reporting environment,

0:46:50.400 --> 0:46:53.800
<v Speaker 2>that this was an extremely common problem, when in fact

0:46:53.840 --> 0:46:58.320
<v Speaker 2>it probably was not. The second scenario described in this article, however,

0:46:58.560 --> 0:47:03.239
<v Speaker 2>is more strained, intriguing certainly from our modern medical point

0:47:03.239 --> 0:47:06.840
<v Speaker 2>of view, and that idea is that the act of

0:47:07.080 --> 0:47:12.600
<v Speaker 2>riding on board a steam train could itself drive someone

0:47:12.640 --> 0:47:16.839
<v Speaker 2>mad and send them shrieking and slashing at their fellow passengers.

0:47:17.239 --> 0:47:20.440
<v Speaker 2>The author writes about this as a common medical expert

0:47:20.600 --> 0:47:24.680
<v Speaker 2>sentiment of the eighteen sixties, saying, quote, doctors warned that

0:47:24.920 --> 0:47:29.560
<v Speaker 2>intense vibrations of the railway carriage, the speed of travel,

0:47:29.840 --> 0:47:33.400
<v Speaker 2>and the danger of traumatic accidents could unsettle both people's

0:47:33.400 --> 0:47:38.319
<v Speaker 2>physical and mental health. So this led to not only

0:47:38.320 --> 0:47:40.360
<v Speaker 2>the fear that you might be the victim of a

0:47:40.480 --> 0:47:44.279
<v Speaker 2>railway madman, but that without any prior warning, you might

0:47:44.440 --> 0:47:46.160
<v Speaker 2>become one yourself.

0:47:47.520 --> 0:47:50.640
<v Speaker 1>Yeah again, getting decided there's something about train travel that

0:47:51.280 --> 0:47:55.359
<v Speaker 1>is inherently abnormal, and it can make you abnormal as well,

0:47:55.520 --> 0:47:58.600
<v Speaker 1>or or enhance abnormal tendencies.

0:47:59.040 --> 0:48:03.280
<v Speaker 2>Now. Milne Smith's charts the historical arc of this panic

0:48:03.320 --> 0:48:06.799
<v Speaker 2>about railway madmen, saying that it sort of begins as

0:48:06.800 --> 0:48:10.640
<v Speaker 2>a topic in the eighteen sixties, peaks in the eighteen seventies,

0:48:10.680 --> 0:48:14.080
<v Speaker 2>and then pretty much completely disappears by later in the

0:48:14.160 --> 0:48:17.080
<v Speaker 2>nineteenth century. It's sort of gone by the eighteen eighties,

0:48:17.960 --> 0:48:22.719
<v Speaker 2>or the same kind of phenomenon when reported on in

0:48:22.760 --> 0:48:25.760
<v Speaker 2>the later decades of the nineteenth century for some reason,

0:48:25.840 --> 0:48:28.879
<v Speaker 2>or treated as kind of quaint instead of as terrifying.

0:48:29.800 --> 0:48:33.680
<v Speaker 2>She also says that railway madness in this cultural context

0:48:33.800 --> 0:48:37.440
<v Speaker 2>really meets all of the key criteria to be defined

0:48:37.480 --> 0:48:40.120
<v Speaker 2>as a moral panic in the way academics would normally

0:48:40.719 --> 0:48:44.560
<v Speaker 2>understand the term. So there's sort of a topical consensus

0:48:44.680 --> 0:48:48.760
<v Speaker 2>of fear and apprehension about some apparent or alleged trend

0:48:48.840 --> 0:48:52.839
<v Speaker 2>in society quote, drawing on latent fears and triggered by

0:48:52.960 --> 0:48:57.880
<v Speaker 2>sensational events. And so she says that while the normal

0:48:57.920 --> 0:49:01.920
<v Speaker 2>moral panic lasts maybe several months for a number of reasons,

0:49:01.960 --> 0:49:05.640
<v Speaker 2>the railway madness panic lasted roughly two decades again, from

0:49:05.719 --> 0:49:09.600
<v Speaker 2>about eighteen sixty to about eighteen eighty. And what made

0:49:09.600 --> 0:49:13.879
<v Speaker 2>this especially potent was that it triggered at the same

0:49:13.960 --> 0:49:19.239
<v Speaker 2>time anxieties about technological change, but also apparently some kind

0:49:19.280 --> 0:49:25.040
<v Speaker 2>of gendered anxieties about failed masculinity, because she says, in

0:49:25.080 --> 0:49:29.000
<v Speaker 2>the eighteen sixties in Britain there was generally increasing public

0:49:29.080 --> 0:49:32.200
<v Speaker 2>consciousness of mental illness. There was a lot of talk

0:49:32.239 --> 0:49:34.279
<v Speaker 2>in the press about what was at the time often

0:49:34.320 --> 0:49:38.600
<v Speaker 2>referred to as lunacy and lunatics, and about perceived failures

0:49:38.600 --> 0:49:43.560
<v Speaker 2>of the asylum system. And while this consciousness of mental illness,

0:49:43.560 --> 0:49:47.040
<v Speaker 2>the author contends, was in general observed in both men

0:49:47.080 --> 0:49:50.480
<v Speaker 2>and women with rough parody, for some reason, the railway

0:49:50.560 --> 0:49:56.359
<v Speaker 2>travel induced madness was believed to be a distinctly male phenomenon.

0:49:56.400 --> 0:50:00.560
<v Speaker 2>The railway mad men were, for some reason, specifically mad men.

0:50:01.400 --> 0:50:05.400
<v Speaker 2>She also gets into some interesting things about the sensationalism

0:50:05.480 --> 0:50:09.040
<v Speaker 2>demands of the press at the time. In the eighteen sixties,

0:50:09.440 --> 0:50:12.440
<v Speaker 2>there were a lot of newspapers that were at the

0:50:12.440 --> 0:50:15.719
<v Speaker 2>same time that they might look down on and have

0:50:15.840 --> 0:50:18.960
<v Speaker 2>scathing editorials about the idea of the so called sensation

0:50:19.239 --> 0:50:23.520
<v Speaker 2>novels in fiction, they were very happy to really ramp

0:50:23.640 --> 0:50:28.520
<v Speaker 2>up the gory details and exaggerate anything about violent crime

0:50:28.640 --> 0:50:31.799
<v Speaker 2>or mad men in the papers, and so there was

0:50:32.120 --> 0:50:34.480
<v Speaker 2>there was a hunger in the British press in the

0:50:34.480 --> 0:50:39.399
<v Speaker 2>eighteen sixties for stories about violent madmen, and especially if

0:50:39.440 --> 0:50:43.440
<v Speaker 2>the circumstances of the story were strange, and apparently for

0:50:43.480 --> 0:50:47.080
<v Speaker 2>some reason, people just really latched onto the setting of

0:50:47.160 --> 0:50:50.480
<v Speaker 2>the railway train for this kind of story. So it

0:50:50.520 --> 0:50:53.759
<v Speaker 2>was like, this is what the eighteen sixty equivalent of,

0:50:54.080 --> 0:50:55.520
<v Speaker 2>this is what people are clicking on.

0:50:56.320 --> 0:50:59.560
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, yeah, And you could basically take anything and spin

0:50:59.600 --> 0:51:02.480
<v Speaker 1>it out, because even if you a week goes by

0:51:02.560 --> 0:51:05.279
<v Speaker 1>you don't have an actual madman attack on a train,

0:51:05.440 --> 0:51:07.440
<v Speaker 1>perhaps you have something that could be played up as

0:51:07.480 --> 0:51:11.560
<v Speaker 1>they brush with a train madman. You know, like some

0:51:11.640 --> 0:51:15.759
<v Speaker 1>are amount of erratic behavior or reported erratic behavior or

0:51:15.880 --> 0:51:19.920
<v Speaker 1>reported shiftiness that can then be blown up into a story.

0:51:20.440 --> 0:51:23.319
<v Speaker 2>Yes, that's exactly right, very perceptive role because she does

0:51:23.360 --> 0:51:25.560
<v Speaker 2>get into exactly that that dynamic.

0:51:25.840 --> 0:51:29.200
<v Speaker 4>I mean we're still doing it today, yes, yeah, And

0:51:29.560 --> 0:51:32.359
<v Speaker 4>so like the way it is is there there are

0:51:32.520 --> 0:51:36.800
<v Speaker 4>some initially very terrible events, like there was one very

0:51:36.840 --> 0:51:40.560
<v Speaker 4>famous case of an actual murder on a train in

0:51:40.680 --> 0:51:41.320
<v Speaker 4>Great Britain.

0:51:41.440 --> 0:51:44.720
<v Speaker 2>It was in July eighteen sixty four. A London banker

0:51:44.840 --> 0:51:47.920
<v Speaker 2>named Thomas Briggs was beaten and murdered inside of a

0:51:47.920 --> 0:51:53.200
<v Speaker 2>locked train compartment. Eventually, a German tailor named Franz Mueller

0:51:53.480 --> 0:51:56.960
<v Speaker 2>was convicted of the murder. I think it involved like

0:51:57.040 --> 0:52:02.600
<v Speaker 2>a transatlantic pursuit of of the suspect, but what he

0:52:02.719 --> 0:52:06.239
<v Speaker 2>was eventually convicted. So that was an actual, like terrifying

0:52:06.320 --> 0:52:09.320
<v Speaker 2>violent crime on a train. But then you could spin

0:52:09.400 --> 0:52:13.200
<v Speaker 2>that out into a lot of other scenarios where in

0:52:13.239 --> 0:52:17.600
<v Speaker 2>many cases like nobody was actually even hurt, but they

0:52:17.600 --> 0:52:21.080
<v Speaker 2>would just the press would put a lot of emphasis

0:52:21.120 --> 0:52:24.839
<v Speaker 2>on something kind of weird and disturbing happened on a

0:52:24.840 --> 0:52:28.319
<v Speaker 2>train and think of the danger that could have unfolded.

0:52:29.640 --> 0:52:32.520
<v Speaker 2>So there's one example that the author cites in this

0:52:32.600 --> 0:52:36.520
<v Speaker 2>paper of a story where there's an express train from

0:52:36.640 --> 0:52:40.920
<v Speaker 2>King's Cross to Peterborough and a large sailor gets on board.

0:52:41.320 --> 0:52:45.680
<v Speaker 2>The journey begins, and then the sailor begins behaving erradically,

0:52:45.760 --> 0:52:49.160
<v Speaker 2>accusing his fellow passengers of stealing from him, and then

0:52:49.200 --> 0:52:51.000
<v Speaker 2>at one point he tries to leap out of one

0:52:51.000 --> 0:52:54.440
<v Speaker 2>of the windows of the moving train. Several other passengers

0:52:54.480 --> 0:52:56.879
<v Speaker 2>prevent him from getting out of the window. They're able

0:52:56.880 --> 0:52:59.280
<v Speaker 2>to restrain him until the train comes to a stop,

0:52:59.800 --> 0:53:03.600
<v Speaker 2>and then authorities take over. And note how in the

0:53:03.600 --> 0:53:07.799
<v Speaker 2>story there's no indication that anyone was actually badly hurt,

0:53:08.280 --> 0:53:11.640
<v Speaker 2>but the press reporting just really emphasized the theme of

0:53:11.800 --> 0:53:15.080
<v Speaker 2>madness and the threat that the sailor could have posed

0:53:15.239 --> 0:53:19.400
<v Speaker 2>to the other passengers. There's another report she mentions that's

0:53:19.480 --> 0:53:23.200
<v Speaker 2>in the Wrexham Advertiser in eighteen sixty Nine's the story

0:53:23.200 --> 0:53:27.040
<v Speaker 2>of an aristocratic man from Falkirk who got onto a

0:53:27.080 --> 0:53:29.799
<v Speaker 2>train and then took off all his clothes, leaned out

0:53:29.840 --> 0:53:33.880
<v Speaker 2>the window and started talking nonsense. After the station master

0:53:34.040 --> 0:53:36.840
<v Speaker 2>was alerted, they got him off the train, and then strangely,

0:53:36.840 --> 0:53:38.680
<v Speaker 2>after they got him off the train, it reports that

0:53:38.719 --> 0:53:41.680
<v Speaker 2>he seemed to come back to his senses, and this

0:53:41.800 --> 0:53:45.120
<v Speaker 2>ties into the idea I mentioned a minute ago, the

0:53:45.200 --> 0:53:48.520
<v Speaker 2>strange belief at the time that there was such a

0:53:48.560 --> 0:53:54.760
<v Speaker 2>thing as sudden railway madness, so that essentially a man

0:53:54.880 --> 0:53:59.839
<v Speaker 2>who was by all outward indications previously healthy could buy

0:54:00.160 --> 0:54:03.920
<v Speaker 2>some mechanism of the movements and environment of the train

0:54:04.520 --> 0:54:10.640
<v Speaker 2>be rendered instantly violently insane. And this was not considered

0:54:10.680 --> 0:54:12.880
<v Speaker 2>a fringe or quack theory at the time. From what

0:54:12.960 --> 0:54:15.279
<v Speaker 2>I can tell like, the idea was advanced by many

0:54:15.480 --> 0:54:18.360
<v Speaker 2>physicians and in articles in some of the leading medical

0:54:18.440 --> 0:54:22.240
<v Speaker 2>journals of the eighteen sixties. One example that Miln Smith

0:54:22.360 --> 0:54:25.400
<v Speaker 2>sites is in eighteen sixty two, the medical journal The

0:54:25.520 --> 0:54:29.040
<v Speaker 2>Lancet published a series of articles about the threats to

0:54:29.080 --> 0:54:33.440
<v Speaker 2>public health posed by railway travel, and, as she summarizes

0:54:33.480 --> 0:54:36.960
<v Speaker 2>as follows quote, the articles listed a number of potentially

0:54:37.040 --> 0:54:41.120
<v Speaker 2>dangerous effects of railway travel on the unsuspecting passenger, ranging

0:54:41.160 --> 0:54:47.720
<v Speaker 2>from fatigue to hemorrhoids to paralysis. A man suffering hemorrhoids Okay,

0:54:48.280 --> 0:54:50.919
<v Speaker 2>maybe I don't know, but it goes on A man

0:54:51.080 --> 0:54:55.280
<v Speaker 2>suffering from underlying mental anxieties or born with a predisposition

0:54:55.400 --> 0:54:59.520
<v Speaker 2>to insanity, could have his illness triggered by the railway

0:54:59.600 --> 0:55:00.680
<v Speaker 2>trip itself.

0:55:01.520 --> 0:55:03.680
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, and I mean, this is one of those things

0:55:03.680 --> 0:55:06.480
<v Speaker 1>where on one hand it seems outrageous, but then also,

0:55:07.040 --> 0:55:08.920
<v Speaker 1>I mean there is some nugget of truth to the

0:55:08.920 --> 0:55:13.160
<v Speaker 1>fact that travel can be stressful, sure, and can aggravate

0:55:13.600 --> 0:55:16.440
<v Speaker 1>other you know, things going on in your your mental

0:55:16.480 --> 0:55:21.520
<v Speaker 1>life or you know, your mental health. So yeah, there's

0:55:21.680 --> 0:55:27.080
<v Speaker 1>there's a line though, between you know, actual concern and

0:55:27.360 --> 0:55:28.920
<v Speaker 1>something that just becomes a panic.

0:55:29.040 --> 0:55:31.880
<v Speaker 2>Right, that's right. And then once again, as we said earlier,

0:55:31.920 --> 0:55:35.600
<v Speaker 2>like in the cases where somebody is actually acting violently

0:55:35.600 --> 0:55:38.800
<v Speaker 2>on a train, that's obviously a huge problem, but the

0:55:38.800 --> 0:55:43.719
<v Speaker 2>the social panic around this seemed to vastly exaggerate the

0:55:43.760 --> 0:55:46.640
<v Speaker 2>prevalence of the problem. There was this perception that it's

0:55:46.640 --> 0:55:50.280
<v Speaker 2>happening all the time and it's just a persistent danger

0:55:50.520 --> 0:55:54.319
<v Speaker 2>of riding the trains and something must be done about it.

0:55:54.719 --> 0:55:57.880
<v Speaker 2>And yet another interesting thing Milan Smith gets into is

0:55:57.920 --> 0:56:02.160
<v Speaker 2>the kind of difficulty in enacting any of the proposed

0:56:02.239 --> 0:56:06.760
<v Speaker 2>solutions to this alleged problem. So the solutions included things

0:56:06.760 --> 0:56:09.799
<v Speaker 2>like changes in the design of rail cars, because some

0:56:10.080 --> 0:56:13.279
<v Speaker 2>passenger cars at the time would have a situation where

0:56:13.320 --> 0:56:15.680
<v Speaker 2>like you'd be in a compartment or a carriage and

0:56:15.719 --> 0:56:19.719
<v Speaker 2>you'd be essentially locked in from the outside with no

0:56:19.840 --> 0:56:22.760
<v Speaker 2>way of traveling to like other parts of the train.

0:56:22.920 --> 0:56:26.560
<v Speaker 2>If something you know bad was happening in your compartment

0:56:26.960 --> 0:56:29.400
<v Speaker 2>or carriage and you wanted to go somewhere else, you

0:56:29.400 --> 0:56:31.760
<v Speaker 2>couldn't really leave until the train came to a stop.

0:56:32.080 --> 0:56:34.480
<v Speaker 2>So that's a possible solution. You could change the design

0:56:34.560 --> 0:56:37.319
<v Speaker 2>of the train. You could add interior corridors and ways

0:56:37.360 --> 0:56:39.680
<v Speaker 2>of getting back and forth. You could also add in

0:56:40.080 --> 0:56:43.520
<v Speaker 2>ways to communicate with the train guard, so people in

0:56:43.560 --> 0:56:46.920
<v Speaker 2>compartments could you know, could have like a like a

0:56:47.000 --> 0:56:49.239
<v Speaker 2>cord or some kind of thing they could pull, or

0:56:49.280 --> 0:56:51.759
<v Speaker 2>way of communicating with some kind of authority figure on

0:56:51.800 --> 0:56:55.000
<v Speaker 2>the train. Or Another idea that would come about a

0:56:55.040 --> 0:56:58.080
<v Speaker 2>good deal later was you could get emergency brake cords.

0:56:58.719 --> 0:57:03.759
<v Speaker 2>People talked about adding in windows, interior windows to the

0:57:03.800 --> 0:57:07.520
<v Speaker 2>train compartments so that you could signal for help, you

0:57:07.560 --> 0:57:10.520
<v Speaker 2>could look at somebody else. But apparently a lot of

0:57:10.520 --> 0:57:14.359
<v Speaker 2>these solutions took a long time to implement because they

0:57:14.400 --> 0:57:18.240
<v Speaker 2>faced opposition, often on the grounds that they were violations

0:57:18.360 --> 0:57:23.640
<v Speaker 2>of the privacy of the individual carriage or compartment. But

0:57:23.720 --> 0:57:27.680
<v Speaker 2>the author argues that the social panic about railway madness

0:57:27.720 --> 0:57:32.840
<v Speaker 2>went on because, in her opinion, it wasn't actually about

0:57:32.880 --> 0:57:36.240
<v Speaker 2>the true practical question of safety on a train car.

0:57:36.320 --> 0:57:38.479
<v Speaker 2>I mean, that's an element, but that's not the main thing.

0:57:38.960 --> 0:57:42.240
<v Speaker 2>It was a way of expressing deeper anxieties that could

0:57:42.240 --> 0:57:45.640
<v Speaker 2>not be fixed by a rail guard or a brake cord.

0:57:46.440 --> 0:57:49.640
<v Speaker 2>She writes, quote the railway was a symbol of civilization,

0:57:49.880 --> 0:57:54.080
<v Speaker 2>and yet it demonstrated how quickly civilization could fall away

0:57:54.200 --> 0:57:58.280
<v Speaker 2>from modern man. So the underlying anxiety has to do,

0:57:59.240 --> 0:58:02.840
<v Speaker 2>in her opinion, with a perceived fragility of the body

0:58:02.920 --> 0:58:05.200
<v Speaker 2>and the mind, a fear that was sort of in

0:58:05.240 --> 0:58:08.480
<v Speaker 2>the air in Victorian culture in Great Britain in the

0:58:08.520 --> 0:58:13.240
<v Speaker 2>eighteen sixties and seventies, related to consciousness of mental illness,

0:58:13.760 --> 0:58:17.240
<v Speaker 2>but then also spurred on by these popular stories about madmen,

0:58:17.680 --> 0:58:20.680
<v Speaker 2>and the fear was that someone could go mad at

0:58:20.680 --> 0:58:23.840
<v Speaker 2>any moment, even by the jostling of a train car.

0:58:24.160 --> 0:58:26.720
<v Speaker 2>And so this sort of symbol of changes in the

0:58:26.760 --> 0:58:31.200
<v Speaker 2>society around them, the technological environment of things happening faster

0:58:31.320 --> 0:58:34.120
<v Speaker 2>than you can understand, and the pace of modern life

0:58:34.200 --> 0:58:37.200
<v Speaker 2>changing and all this stuff coming on so fast, and

0:58:37.200 --> 0:58:41.200
<v Speaker 2>that colliding with this idea of the fragility of our

0:58:41.240 --> 0:58:44.960
<v Speaker 2>minds and bodies, and that leading to this fear that

0:58:45.000 --> 0:58:47.920
<v Speaker 2>people could be changed in an instant. They're moving too

0:58:47.960 --> 0:58:51.200
<v Speaker 2>fast through the air. The loud train car, the jostling

0:58:51.240 --> 0:58:53.800
<v Speaker 2>back and forth of the train car, it sets them off.

0:58:54.200 --> 0:58:57.040
<v Speaker 2>And now it could be someone in the train car

0:58:57.120 --> 0:58:59.480
<v Speaker 2>with you, or it could be you yourself that now

0:58:59.560 --> 0:59:01.400
<v Speaker 2>you are no longer in control.

0:59:02.560 --> 0:59:02.840
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

0:59:03.000 --> 0:59:08.280
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, And what you mentioned about this increasing awareness of

0:59:09.120 --> 0:59:12.640
<v Speaker 1>or this view of one's mental state as being fragile,

0:59:13.920 --> 0:59:15.720
<v Speaker 1>you do you see this reflected, you know, in the

0:59:15.760 --> 0:59:18.720
<v Speaker 1>fiction of the time period as well. I can't help

0:59:18.760 --> 0:59:20.200
<v Speaker 1>but think of at least of a couple a couple

0:59:20.240 --> 0:59:23.920
<v Speaker 1>of cases, in the cases of Sherlock Holmes, where we

0:59:24.000 --> 0:59:29.760
<v Speaker 1>see madness play of an important role, often affecting people

0:59:29.800 --> 0:59:31.800
<v Speaker 1>of means, people of status.

0:59:32.360 --> 0:59:32.760
<v Speaker 3>Uh.

0:59:32.960 --> 0:59:36.400
<v Speaker 1>There's of course the case of the Creeping Man, and

0:59:36.520 --> 0:59:39.280
<v Speaker 1>that one, of course involves some gorilla hijinks and his

0:59:39.520 --> 0:59:43.480
<v Speaker 1>you know, borderline science fiction. But then there's the and

0:59:43.600 --> 0:59:48.200
<v Speaker 1>there's the excellent case of the Devil's foot, which involves

0:59:48.320 --> 0:59:52.520
<v Speaker 1>on the outset some sort of unknown occurrence or substance.

0:59:52.640 --> 0:59:56.800
<v Speaker 1>It's unknown what actually happens that drives an entire room

0:59:56.840 --> 0:59:59.680
<v Speaker 1>full of people either kills them dead or drives them insane.

1:00:00.120 --> 1:00:01.880
<v Speaker 1>And at the beginning it seems like it could even

1:00:01.880 --> 1:00:05.560
<v Speaker 1>have a supernatural cause. We don't know. But you know,

1:00:05.840 --> 1:00:08.200
<v Speaker 1>both of these stories that there are stories that seemed

1:00:08.240 --> 1:00:10.680
<v Speaker 1>to drive home this idea that was in the public

1:00:10.680 --> 1:00:14.760
<v Speaker 1>consciousness that yeah, nobody is immune. Anybody can be affected

1:00:15.360 --> 1:00:19.320
<v Speaker 1>by some sort of change in their mental state. Yes.

1:00:19.400 --> 1:00:23.200
<v Speaker 2>And the prominence, the emerging prominence of railway travel in

1:00:23.320 --> 1:00:26.240
<v Speaker 2>human life in the eighteen sixties. I mean again, remember

1:00:26.280 --> 1:00:31.000
<v Speaker 2>how quickly railways became central to industrial societies in the

1:00:31.000 --> 1:00:34.160
<v Speaker 2>mid nineteenth century. There was just an explosion in the

1:00:34.240 --> 1:00:36.919
<v Speaker 2>number of railway lines and the number of passengers from

1:00:36.960 --> 1:00:40.400
<v Speaker 2>like eighteen fifty to eighteen sixty in Great Britain. That

1:00:40.480 --> 1:00:43.400
<v Speaker 2>came on so quick. I think that change in the

1:00:43.440 --> 1:00:46.840
<v Speaker 2>world around them and in travel and infrastructure in human

1:00:46.840 --> 1:00:51.680
<v Speaker 2>life probably created this feeling that one could change internally

1:00:51.880 --> 1:00:54.640
<v Speaker 2>very quickly as well. So Rob, I think you said

1:00:54.640 --> 1:00:57.640
<v Speaker 2>this earlier, but I think one could plausibly argue that

1:00:58.040 --> 1:01:00.960
<v Speaker 2>there is a kind of Victorian era few shot going on,

1:01:01.160 --> 1:01:04.680
<v Speaker 2>that all of this technological change coming on so fast

1:01:04.720 --> 1:01:09.720
<v Speaker 2>and changing the character of human life so much, really

1:01:09.760 --> 1:01:13.160
<v Speaker 2>does create in itself a kind of anxiety that people

1:01:13.200 --> 1:01:17.040
<v Speaker 2>end up working out in these these horror stories and

1:01:17.040 --> 1:01:20.120
<v Speaker 2>and in these sensational journalistic obsessions.

1:01:21.080 --> 1:01:24.960
<v Speaker 1>Again, this is so fascinating, given how you know, every

1:01:25.040 --> 1:01:27.800
<v Speaker 1>day train travel really is, and how at least from

1:01:27.800 --> 1:01:31.120
<v Speaker 1>my vantage point, how pleasant it can be. Like even

1:01:31.360 --> 1:01:36.520
<v Speaker 1>you know, I rode public transportation trains here in Atlanta

1:01:36.560 --> 1:01:40.560
<v Speaker 1>for a long time, and you know, sometimes it's weird,

1:01:40.760 --> 1:01:44.160
<v Speaker 1>sometimes it's startling, you know, but even in those cases,

1:01:44.160 --> 1:01:48.680
<v Speaker 1>often found it kind of peaceful, you know, you used to. Nowadays,

1:01:48.680 --> 1:01:50.280
<v Speaker 1>I guess you can probably get some sort of a

1:01:50.280 --> 1:01:55.800
<v Speaker 1>wireless connection just about anywhere on most major train rides.

1:01:55.840 --> 1:01:58.800
<v Speaker 1>But there was a while where when you were underground

1:01:58.800 --> 1:02:01.120
<v Speaker 1>on the train, you were really I was completely cut

1:02:01.160 --> 1:02:02.960
<v Speaker 1>off and there was nothing I could do on my phone,

1:02:03.680 --> 1:02:06.160
<v Speaker 1>you know, I would just have to read. I got

1:02:06.160 --> 1:02:08.280
<v Speaker 1>to read, uh, you know, I got to be sort

1:02:08.280 --> 1:02:11.840
<v Speaker 1>of cut off from everything in a good way. And

1:02:11.840 --> 1:02:14.400
<v Speaker 1>and that could happen no matter what the other conditions were,

1:02:14.440 --> 1:02:16.680
<v Speaker 1>if there was somebody loud on the train, if the

1:02:16.680 --> 1:02:19.920
<v Speaker 1>train was hot, if the train was maybe empty and spooky.

1:02:20.480 --> 1:02:23.360
<v Speaker 1>You know, all that could could could play play into it.

1:02:23.400 --> 1:02:26.440
<v Speaker 1>But it's it's fascinating to to look back on this

1:02:26.520 --> 1:02:28.880
<v Speaker 1>time period where again there is something there's maybe a

1:02:28.920 --> 1:02:31.720
<v Speaker 1>little bit of Victorian future shot going on. There is

1:02:31.760 --> 1:02:36.120
<v Speaker 1>also undeniably so many other things coming into play. We discussed,

1:02:36.360 --> 1:02:40.880
<v Speaker 1>you know, awareness of sort of a growing but unbalanced

1:02:40.880 --> 1:02:43.120
<v Speaker 1>awareness of mental health. I can't help but think about

1:02:43.120 --> 1:02:46.360
<v Speaker 1>how how syphilis might have played into all this as well, Uh,

1:02:46.520 --> 1:02:49.560
<v Speaker 1>you know, awareness of how that can affect one's mental state.

1:02:51.040 --> 1:02:51.240
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

1:02:51.280 --> 1:02:54.439
<v Speaker 1>There there is a fascinating topic. And then of course

1:02:54.480 --> 1:02:57.040
<v Speaker 1>we see how it plays out, how it influences all

1:02:57.120 --> 1:03:01.400
<v Speaker 1>of these various fictions h and a part of say

1:03:01.480 --> 1:03:03.600
<v Speaker 1>railway fiction in general.

1:03:04.000 --> 1:03:06.240
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, exactly. So there's a lot more to talk about,

1:03:06.360 --> 1:03:08.320
<v Speaker 2>and that's why we are not done with this topic.

1:03:08.400 --> 1:03:10.240
<v Speaker 2>This was part one. We will be back with part

1:03:10.280 --> 1:03:14.000
<v Speaker 2>two of our discussion of the locomotive Horror and Trains

1:03:14.040 --> 1:03:16.479
<v Speaker 2>of Terror on Thursday of this week.

1:03:16.560 --> 1:03:19.880
<v Speaker 1>Right, that's right, that's right. In the meantime, also recommend

1:03:20.280 --> 1:03:22.760
<v Speaker 1>do yourself a favorite do a Google image search for

1:03:22.880 --> 1:03:27.800
<v Speaker 1>some punch cartoons and throw train in there you'll see

1:03:27.920 --> 1:03:32.840
<v Speaker 1>various examples of alleged Victorian train madness. I really wanted

1:03:32.840 --> 1:03:35.840
<v Speaker 1>to see the one with the lady thinking she's looking

1:03:35.920 --> 1:03:39.040
<v Speaker 1>at her own reflection, but it's actually somebody's face. Oh,

1:03:39.320 --> 1:03:40.080
<v Speaker 1>I couldn't find out.

1:03:40.480 --> 1:03:43.520
<v Speaker 2>I think this was a cartoon actually arguing against one

1:03:43.520 --> 1:03:46.400
<v Speaker 2>of the safety innovations that was proposed on trains. So

1:03:46.440 --> 1:03:49.000
<v Speaker 2>the idea was that you would put these windows in

1:03:49.040 --> 1:03:51.800
<v Speaker 2>the compartments so that it would be easier to communicate

1:03:51.840 --> 1:03:53.960
<v Speaker 2>back and forth or see what's going on. But then

1:03:54.000 --> 1:03:56.200
<v Speaker 2>the idea is, oh, a lady's like, you know, dressing

1:03:56.200 --> 1:03:58.120
<v Speaker 2>in front of the mirror and on the other side

1:03:58.120 --> 1:04:00.440
<v Speaker 2>there's some kind of creep looking at.

1:04:02.040 --> 1:04:02.160
<v Speaker 3>All.

1:04:02.280 --> 1:04:04.160
<v Speaker 1>Right, well, we'll be back on Thursday. Then we'll get

1:04:04.200 --> 1:04:06.040
<v Speaker 1>into ghost trains a bit in that one, so it

1:04:06.040 --> 1:04:08.320
<v Speaker 1>should be a good time. But in the meantime we'll

1:04:08.360 --> 1:04:10.040
<v Speaker 1>remind you that stuff to blow your mind. It is

1:04:10.120 --> 1:04:13.080
<v Speaker 1>primarily a science and culture podcast, with core episodes on

1:04:13.120 --> 1:04:16.240
<v Speaker 1>Tuesdays and Thursdays. We're of course very much in the

1:04:16.240 --> 1:04:19.640
<v Speaker 1>Halloween spirit of things this month, so most of our

1:04:19.640 --> 1:04:23.360
<v Speaker 1>topics are going to be a little bit creepy as intended.

1:04:23.400 --> 1:04:25.680
<v Speaker 1>And then on Fridays we set aside most serious concerns

1:04:25.720 --> 1:04:27.720
<v Speaker 1>to just talk about a weird film on Weird House Cinema.

1:04:27.800 --> 1:04:30.440
<v Speaker 1>And this week it is going to be train oriented,

1:04:30.520 --> 1:04:34.400
<v Speaker 1>so we're excited for the tie in here we have trains.

1:04:34.560 --> 1:04:37.800
<v Speaker 2>Christopher Lee, Peter Cushing, Teleisivalis ooh boy, It's going to

1:04:37.840 --> 1:04:38.320
<v Speaker 2>be a good time.

1:04:38.640 --> 1:04:39.080
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

1:04:39.360 --> 1:04:43.200
<v Speaker 2>Huge, Thanks as always to our excellent audio producer JJ Posway.

1:04:43.440 --> 1:04:45.040
<v Speaker 2>If you would like to get in touch with us

1:04:45.040 --> 1:04:47.480
<v Speaker 2>with feedback on this episode or any other, to suggest

1:04:47.600 --> 1:04:49.640
<v Speaker 2>topic for the future, or just to say hello, you

1:04:49.680 --> 1:04:52.400
<v Speaker 2>can email us at contact at stuff to Blow your

1:04:52.400 --> 1:05:02.720
<v Speaker 2>Mind dot com. Stuff to Blow Your Mind is production

1:05:02.840 --> 1:05:03.680
<v Speaker 2>of iHeartRadio.

1:05:04.000 --> 1:05:08.000
<v Speaker 1>For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts,

1:05:08.080 --> 1:05:21.280
<v Speaker 1>or wherever you're listening to your favorite shows.