1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:02,599 Speaker 1: Hey, y'all, Eve's here. We're doubling up today with two 2 00:00:02,640 --> 00:00:05,440 Speaker 1: events in history, one from me and one from former 3 00:00:05,480 --> 00:00:09,960 Speaker 1: host Tracy V. Wilson. On with the show Welcome to 4 00:00:09,960 --> 00:00:12,479 Speaker 1: this Day in History Class from how Stuff Works dot 5 00:00:12,480 --> 00:00:14,480 Speaker 1: Com and from the desk of Stuff You Missed in 6 00:00:14,560 --> 00:00:17,040 Speaker 1: History Class. It's the show where we explore the past 7 00:00:17,160 --> 00:00:19,240 Speaker 1: one day at a time with a quick look at 8 00:00:19,280 --> 00:00:26,440 Speaker 1: what happened today in history. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. 9 00:00:26,480 --> 00:00:31,040 Speaker 1: I'm Tracy V. Wilson and it's September. The Camp David 10 00:00:31,120 --> 00:00:34,040 Speaker 1: Accords were signed on this day in ninety eight. The 11 00:00:34,080 --> 00:00:37,600 Speaker 1: Camp David Accords were officially titled Framework for Peace in 12 00:00:37,640 --> 00:00:40,920 Speaker 1: the Middle East and Framework for the Conclusion of a 13 00:00:40,960 --> 00:00:44,479 Speaker 1: Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel, and the preamble to 14 00:00:44,479 --> 00:00:47,400 Speaker 1: the accords really sums up why they were being pursued. 15 00:00:47,479 --> 00:00:51,800 Speaker 1: It goes quote after four wars during thirty years, despite 16 00:00:51,840 --> 00:00:55,120 Speaker 1: intensive human efforts, the Middle East, which is the cradle 17 00:00:55,160 --> 00:00:58,440 Speaker 1: of civilization and the birthplace of three great religions, does 18 00:00:58,480 --> 00:01:01,240 Speaker 1: not enjoy the blessings of peace. The people of the 19 00:01:01,280 --> 00:01:04,320 Speaker 1: Middle East yearn for peace so that the vast human 20 00:01:04,319 --> 00:01:06,880 Speaker 1: and natural resources of the region can be turned to 21 00:01:06,959 --> 00:01:09,880 Speaker 1: the pursuits of peace and so that this area can 22 00:01:09,920 --> 00:01:15,400 Speaker 1: become a model for coexistence and cooperation among nations. Those 23 00:01:15,440 --> 00:01:18,319 Speaker 1: thirty years of warfare that are referenced in the preamble 24 00:01:18,480 --> 00:01:22,840 Speaker 1: started with the United States decision to divide the Palestinian territories, 25 00:01:22,840 --> 00:01:26,960 Speaker 1: which were at that point controlled by Britain, into two states, 26 00:01:27,480 --> 00:01:33,640 Speaker 1: Israel and Palestine. This followed World War Two. The Partition Resolution, 27 00:01:33,880 --> 00:01:38,520 Speaker 1: as this was described, was announced on November ninety seven, 28 00:01:38,600 --> 00:01:42,679 Speaker 1: with the division taking place the following May. These two 29 00:01:42,720 --> 00:01:45,200 Speaker 1: states that were outlined in the resolution were about the 30 00:01:45,240 --> 00:01:49,680 Speaker 1: same size, but their borders were a weird, interlocking tangle. 31 00:01:50,320 --> 00:01:53,520 Speaker 1: Parts of each state were nearly surrounded by and cut 32 00:01:53,560 --> 00:01:55,800 Speaker 1: off from the rest of it by parts of the other. 33 00:01:56,800 --> 00:01:59,280 Speaker 1: This would have been a complicated border to try to 34 00:01:59,320 --> 00:02:02,360 Speaker 1: maintain under the best of circumstances, but these were not 35 00:02:02,560 --> 00:02:05,960 Speaker 1: the best of circumstances. The rest of the region did 36 00:02:05,960 --> 00:02:09,880 Speaker 1: not want a divided Israeli and Palestinian state, and war 37 00:02:10,000 --> 00:02:15,919 Speaker 1: began almost immediately after Israel proclaimed its independence on May fourteenth, 38 00:02:16,040 --> 00:02:20,400 Speaker 1: ninety eight, Five Arab nations invaded, and in the aftermath 39 00:02:21,080 --> 00:02:24,280 Speaker 1: Israel occupied some of the territory that was supposed to 40 00:02:24,320 --> 00:02:28,840 Speaker 1: have become Palestine, and other nations occupied other parts of it. 41 00:02:29,360 --> 00:02:32,520 Speaker 1: This separate Palestinian state that had been part of the 42 00:02:32,560 --> 00:02:38,960 Speaker 1: partition plan wasn't established, and Palestinians became stateless. Then, after 43 00:02:39,000 --> 00:02:42,200 Speaker 1: the Six Day War, which spanned from June five to tenth, 44 00:02:42,280 --> 00:02:47,120 Speaker 1: nineteen sixty seven, Israel occupied egypt Sinai Peninsula, along with 45 00:02:47,160 --> 00:02:50,720 Speaker 1: the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and the Golan Heights. Basically, 46 00:02:50,880 --> 00:02:53,840 Speaker 1: Israel now had a lot of territory that weren't part 47 00:02:53,880 --> 00:02:57,120 Speaker 1: of this original partition plan at all, and Palestine still 48 00:02:57,120 --> 00:03:01,919 Speaker 1: did not formally exist. That's when the United Nations unanimously 49 00:03:01,960 --> 00:03:05,200 Speaker 1: passed Resolution to for two, which was an attempt to 50 00:03:05,280 --> 00:03:08,960 Speaker 1: secure peace in the Middle East. According to this resolution, 51 00:03:09,240 --> 00:03:11,959 Speaker 1: Israel was supposed to withdraw from all the territory it 52 00:03:12,080 --> 00:03:15,200 Speaker 1: occupied after the Six Day War, and the resolution also 53 00:03:15,240 --> 00:03:19,040 Speaker 1: called for quote respect for an acknowledgement of the sovereignty, 54 00:03:19,160 --> 00:03:24,000 Speaker 1: territorial integrity, and political independence of every state in the area, 55 00:03:24,120 --> 00:03:27,600 Speaker 1: and their right to live in peace within secure and 56 00:03:27,720 --> 00:03:32,480 Speaker 1: recognized boundaries, free from threats or active force. But by 57 00:03:32,560 --> 00:03:35,520 Speaker 1: nineteen seventy two, none of the things outlined and that 58 00:03:35,600 --> 00:03:39,240 Speaker 1: resolution had happened. There was not an acknowledgement of the 59 00:03:39,360 --> 00:03:43,760 Speaker 1: right to exist basically of the other states in the area, 60 00:03:44,000 --> 00:03:48,680 Speaker 1: and negotiations were at a total standstill. After many, many attempts, 61 00:03:49,040 --> 00:03:52,920 Speaker 1: President Jimmy Carter invited Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Began an 62 00:03:52,920 --> 00:03:57,200 Speaker 1: Egyptian President Anwar al Sadat to Camp David, the Presidential 63 00:03:57,200 --> 00:04:00,680 Speaker 1: Retreat in Maryland, and they negotiated for twice of days, 64 00:04:00,800 --> 00:04:04,760 Speaker 1: with the President using one document going back and forth 65 00:04:04,800 --> 00:04:08,760 Speaker 1: between the two leaders with more than twenty rounds of revisions. 66 00:04:08,880 --> 00:04:12,160 Speaker 1: After attempts to have the three of them negotiating together 67 00:04:12,320 --> 00:04:16,479 Speaker 1: broke completely down. The final accords outlined a process for 68 00:04:16,560 --> 00:04:20,400 Speaker 1: Palestinian self government in Gaza and the West Bank, along 69 00:04:20,400 --> 00:04:24,120 Speaker 1: with actual steps for a peace treaty between Egypt and 70 00:04:24,279 --> 00:04:27,919 Speaker 1: Israel and the process for similar peace treaties between Israel 71 00:04:27,960 --> 00:04:32,200 Speaker 1: and its other neighbors. The peace treaty that Israel and 72 00:04:32,360 --> 00:04:34,880 Speaker 1: Egypt signed in ninety nine had a lot of the 73 00:04:34,920 --> 00:04:38,280 Speaker 1: same elements that the Accords had. Although this was a 74 00:04:38,360 --> 00:04:42,520 Speaker 1: turning point four relations between Israel and Egypt, this was 75 00:04:42,680 --> 00:04:46,600 Speaker 1: of course, just one element, and the ongoing warfare between 76 00:04:46,680 --> 00:04:50,280 Speaker 1: Israel and its other neighbors, and it was also only 77 00:04:50,360 --> 00:04:54,560 Speaker 1: one element in Israel's relationship with Palestine, along with a 78 00:04:54,640 --> 00:04:57,960 Speaker 1: whole lot of other pieces to this still very complicated 79 00:04:58,040 --> 00:05:03,000 Speaker 1: and unresolved puzzle. The Accords were and continued to be controversial, 80 00:05:03,320 --> 00:05:07,839 Speaker 1: including the fact that they affected Palestinians without actually involving 81 00:05:07,960 --> 00:05:12,240 Speaker 1: Palestinians in their creation. Thanks to Christopher Haciotis for his 82 00:05:12,320 --> 00:05:14,800 Speaker 1: research work on today's episode, and you can learn a 83 00:05:14,800 --> 00:05:17,640 Speaker 1: bit more about this in the September nine, two thousand 84 00:05:17,760 --> 00:05:20,080 Speaker 1: nine episode of Stuff You Miss in History Class, which 85 00:05:20,120 --> 00:05:24,679 Speaker 1: is an interview with Jimmy Carter about these negotiations. Thanks 86 00:05:24,680 --> 00:05:27,200 Speaker 1: to Tari Harrison for audio work on this show. And 87 00:05:27,200 --> 00:05:29,240 Speaker 1: you could subscribe to This Day in History Class on 88 00:05:29,279 --> 00:05:32,320 Speaker 1: Apple podcasts, Google podcasts, and we're real to get your 89 00:05:32,360 --> 00:05:36,920 Speaker 1: podcasts tomorrow. We have the consolidation of a tremendous empire. 90 00:05:46,040 --> 00:05:49,200 Speaker 1: Welcome to This Day in History Class, where history waits 91 00:05:49,360 --> 00:06:04,400 Speaker 1: for no one. The day was September seventeenth, nineteen. Mexican 92 00:06:04,480 --> 00:06:07,880 Speaker 1: artist Frieda Callo was involved in a bus accident that 93 00:06:07,960 --> 00:06:13,040 Speaker 1: she survived with major injuries. The accident changed the course 94 00:06:13,080 --> 00:06:17,880 Speaker 1: of her life and deeply affected her artwork. Frieda was 95 00:06:17,920 --> 00:06:22,600 Speaker 1: born in Goyakon, Mexico in nineteen oh seven. Her mother 96 00:06:22,760 --> 00:06:27,080 Speaker 1: was relatively conventional in her worldview, while her father supported 97 00:06:27,080 --> 00:06:31,880 Speaker 1: her curiosity. Frieda was super close to her father, but 98 00:06:32,080 --> 00:06:35,600 Speaker 1: she was more distant from her mother, who dealt with depression. 99 00:06:36,760 --> 00:06:39,880 Speaker 1: When she was young, she had polio, which affected her 100 00:06:39,960 --> 00:06:43,839 Speaker 1: right leg and gave her a limp. She also developed 101 00:06:43,880 --> 00:06:49,360 Speaker 1: an interest in art and began sketching. In nineteen Frieda 102 00:06:49,400 --> 00:06:53,840 Speaker 1: began attending the National Preparatory School in Mexico City. Her 103 00:06:53,880 --> 00:06:57,880 Speaker 1: goal was to study medicine at a university. There, she 104 00:06:58,040 --> 00:07:01,919 Speaker 1: encountered progressive thought and people in the literary community. She 105 00:07:02,040 --> 00:07:05,520 Speaker 1: became known as a prankster, and she wore indigenous jury 106 00:07:05,680 --> 00:07:09,120 Speaker 1: and clothing. It was at this school where she met 107 00:07:09,240 --> 00:07:15,520 Speaker 1: artist Diego Rivera. But on September sev she was headed 108 00:07:15,520 --> 00:07:18,160 Speaker 1: back home from school on a bus with her boyfriend 109 00:07:18,440 --> 00:07:22,560 Speaker 1: Alejandro Gomez Audius when the bus ran into a trolley car. 110 00:07:23,880 --> 00:07:27,280 Speaker 1: Several people were killed immediately in the accident, and Moore 111 00:07:27,520 --> 00:07:33,080 Speaker 1: died later from their injuries. Adius only had minor injuries, 112 00:07:33,480 --> 00:07:36,280 Speaker 1: but a piece of iron went through Frieda's pelvis and 113 00:07:36,360 --> 00:07:39,040 Speaker 1: back that had to be pulled out of her body. 114 00:07:39,680 --> 00:07:43,480 Speaker 1: Her shoulder was dislocated, her collar bone was broken, her 115 00:07:43,560 --> 00:07:46,880 Speaker 1: right leg was broken in eleven places, and her spine 116 00:07:47,080 --> 00:07:51,240 Speaker 1: was also broken in several places. She had surgery and 117 00:07:51,320 --> 00:07:54,560 Speaker 1: stayed in the hospital for a month, then spent several 118 00:07:54,600 --> 00:07:58,440 Speaker 1: months at home in bed. Over the course of her life, 119 00:07:58,520 --> 00:08:03,240 Speaker 1: she underwent as many as thirty five operations. Though she 120 00:08:03,360 --> 00:08:06,480 Speaker 1: aimed to become a medical illustrator, she was in a 121 00:08:06,520 --> 00:08:09,360 Speaker 1: lot of pain and decided to drop out of school. 122 00:08:10,440 --> 00:08:13,000 Speaker 1: While she was in recovery, she spent a lot of 123 00:08:13,040 --> 00:08:16,240 Speaker 1: time painting. Her mother even bought her an easel that 124 00:08:16,320 --> 00:08:20,200 Speaker 1: helped her paint in bed. She used an overhead mirror 125 00:08:20,240 --> 00:08:24,760 Speaker 1: to paint self portraits. During this time, her relationship with 126 00:08:24,760 --> 00:08:28,560 Speaker 1: Audius ended, but photographer Tina Modote introduced her to a 127 00:08:28,600 --> 00:08:32,880 Speaker 1: community of people involved in art and leftist politics. She 128 00:08:32,960 --> 00:08:36,520 Speaker 1: soon became reacquainted with Diego Rivera, and she joined the 129 00:08:36,559 --> 00:08:42,240 Speaker 1: Young Communist League, which Rivera founded in nine Carlo married 130 00:08:42,320 --> 00:08:44,559 Speaker 1: Rivera when she was twenty two years old and he 131 00:08:44,679 --> 00:08:48,760 Speaker 1: was forty two, but their marriage was rocky. They both 132 00:08:48,760 --> 00:08:52,800 Speaker 1: had affairs, many of Carlos with other women. Frieda and 133 00:08:52,800 --> 00:08:58,480 Speaker 1: Diego separated, divorced, and remarried. She also had a miscarriage 134 00:08:58,480 --> 00:09:02,839 Speaker 1: and several pregnancies that were medically terminated. But throughout their 135 00:09:02,840 --> 00:09:07,480 Speaker 1: turbulent relationship, they continued their artistic practice and continued to 136 00:09:07,520 --> 00:09:12,880 Speaker 1: express their political views. Frieda's self portraits viscerally depict her pain. 137 00:09:13,400 --> 00:09:17,080 Speaker 1: Her art is known for being dark, emotional, and symbolic. 138 00:09:18,200 --> 00:09:20,800 Speaker 1: She made most of her artwork in the nineteen thirties 139 00:09:20,840 --> 00:09:24,560 Speaker 1: and nineteen forties, but she didn't get her first solo 140 00:09:24,640 --> 00:09:29,480 Speaker 1: show in Mexico until nineteen fifty three. That was years 141 00:09:29,600 --> 00:09:32,600 Speaker 1: after her first ever solo exhibition in New York City. 142 00:09:32,600 --> 00:09:36,120 Speaker 1: In nineteen thirty eight. She had to be in bed 143 00:09:36,200 --> 00:09:39,360 Speaker 1: on the opening night of her exhibition in Mexico City, 144 00:09:39,440 --> 00:09:41,640 Speaker 1: so she went to the show in an ambulance and 145 00:09:41,720 --> 00:09:43,719 Speaker 1: stayed there in a bed that was set up for her. 146 00:09:44,880 --> 00:09:47,800 Speaker 1: A few months after this, Frida's right leg had to 147 00:09:47,800 --> 00:09:52,080 Speaker 1: be amputated because it was infected with gang green. She 148 00:09:52,160 --> 00:09:57,360 Speaker 1: died on July thirteenth, nineteen fifty four, officially of pulmonary embolism, 149 00:09:57,760 --> 00:10:02,600 Speaker 1: though there has been speculation that she by suicide. There 150 00:10:02,679 --> 00:10:05,480 Speaker 1: is now a museum in Costa A sul Rita's home 151 00:10:05,480 --> 00:10:09,360 Speaker 1: and Goya Ghan, I'm Eves Jeff Coote and hopefully you 152 00:10:09,400 --> 00:10:12,320 Speaker 1: know a little more about history today than you did yesterday. 153 00:10:13,280 --> 00:10:16,199 Speaker 1: If there are any upcoming days in history that you'd 154 00:10:16,200 --> 00:10:18,440 Speaker 1: really like me to cover on the show, give us 155 00:10:18,440 --> 00:10:22,760 Speaker 1: a shout on social media at t D I h 156 00:10:23,000 --> 00:10:27,600 Speaker 1: C podcast. Thanks for joining me on this trip through time. 157 00:10:28,280 --> 00:10:40,000 Speaker 1: See you here in the exact same spot tomorrow. For 158 00:10:40,040 --> 00:10:42,800 Speaker 1: more podcasts from I Heart Radio, visit the iHeart Radio app, 159 00:10:42,840 --> 00:10:45,440 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.