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Speaker 1: Ridiculous History is a production of iHeartRadio. Welcome back to

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Speaker 1: the show, Ridiculous Historians. Thank you, as always so much

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Speaker 1: for tuning in. Can we get some like prestigious, cinematic,

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Speaker 1: like Oppenheimer level music? Because I'm Ben your Noel Desih

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Speaker 1: we have come full circle. We have a very special

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Speaker 1: returning guest. Folks, clap, cheer, raised, rackous applause and awe

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Speaker 1: for our returning super producer, the one, the only mister

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Speaker 1: Casey Pegro.

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Speaker 2: Oh man.

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Speaker 3: It's great to be back with you, guys. It's great

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Speaker 3: to be back talking to everybody.

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Speaker 4: It's good to have you back, Casey. And what a

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Speaker 4: for poetous occasion.

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Speaker 3: I mean, I'm honored to be asked back. But at

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Speaker 3: the same time, the choice of topics here today, is

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Speaker 3: there some kind of secret message you're trying to send

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Speaker 3: me a great no? Oh, okay, we're sub tweeting you.

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Speaker 3: I think you're just adding me directly.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, and now we're just tasking you directly. Oh twitter

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Speaker 1: h So Casey, before we begin, of course, we picked

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Speaker 1: the classiest possible topic to explore with you today and

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Speaker 1: explore over this week. But before we begin, we've had

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Speaker 1: so many of our fellow ridiculous historians asking about you,

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Speaker 1: inquiring about your adventures. Even no, I don't know if

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Speaker 1: you saw it, but even a few people constructing conspiracy theories.

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Speaker 3: I love that love. I need to hear these theories.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, we'll get to them, but first, just give us

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Speaker 1: the straight poop here. Let us know how it's been going.

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Speaker 1: What's up man? Life changes?

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Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, so big, big life changes. So to go

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Speaker 3: back to the long, long ago days of February twenty

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Speaker 3: twenty one, my wife Joelle and I welcomed our son, Tarik,

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Speaker 3: and his birth was a little chaotic, a little unexpected,

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Speaker 3: a little early, quite a bit early, two days shy

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Speaker 3: of six months, so not quite six months of gestation,

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Speaker 3: which obviously meant a long stay in the nick you

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Speaker 3: you know it was. It was a very uncertain time,

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Speaker 3: very stressful time. So and it happened, of course, right

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Speaker 3: in the middle of our production schedule, so like very

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Speaker 3: quickly we had to have other people come on and

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Speaker 3: start assisting, and super producer Max was a huge part

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Speaker 3: of that, but the whole team there just like pitched in.

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Speaker 3: It was incredibly heartwarming the way everybody just jumped in

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Speaker 3: action and made that happen on zero notice, Well, it

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Speaker 3: was so.

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Speaker 4: Crazy on your end that we didn't even fully know

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Speaker 4: what was going on, because I think there was just

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Speaker 4: like it was such an uncertain time that you know,

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Speaker 4: we weren't you weren't even really able to communicate with us.

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Speaker 4: So we were just kind of worried and had your back,

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Speaker 4: of course, But then we were so happy to hear

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Speaker 4: that everything ultimately turned out great and that you have

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Speaker 4: a beautiful son who is.

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Speaker 2: Now a giant.

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Speaker 3: Is a giant for his age, you know, and being premature.

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Speaker 3: He's he's he's breaking the curve so pretty regular, you

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Speaker 3: know what. He has like the perfect poop schedule because

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Speaker 3: in the regular German compliments, he's he's regular. It's in

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Speaker 3: the morning and it is after we drop him off

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Speaker 3: at daycare. I've changed like not that many poopy diapers

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Speaker 3: in the last you know, three to six months.

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Speaker 1: It's amazing, don't cheeks yourself. That is so good to

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Speaker 1: have you back case. When as our pal a super producer,

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Speaker 1: Max Williams lit out for the territories on some adventures

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Speaker 1: of his own. Uh, he and Noel and I all

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Speaker 1: agreed and we're like, there's who who can fill in

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Speaker 1: for Max. Well, there's only one guy. And it was

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Speaker 1: like it was like all those scenes in eighties action

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Speaker 1: films where they're like we have to called in the

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Speaker 1: badger or something.

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Speaker 4: Remember that scene in the Tim Burton Batman. I think

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Speaker 4: it's Jack Palance plays like the big bad mob boss.

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Speaker 2: He goes Jack.

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Speaker 3: You can't remember him doing push ups on the oscars?

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Speaker 2: Oh Jack allis Yeah.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, I think he Maybe he won for Best Supporting

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Speaker 3: Actor and I could be wrong about it, but for

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Speaker 3: whatever reason, he was on stage and he just got

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Speaker 3: up there and he started. He dropped, and he did

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Speaker 3: like ten or twenty, I don't know what, just to

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Speaker 3: prove that he still had Yeah.

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Speaker 2: At least he definitely had it.

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Speaker 1: I feel like doing ten push ups is I don't

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Speaker 1: want to sound rude, but I feel like doing ten

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Speaker 1: push ups is not super.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, but he was like seventy or something.

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Speaker 4: Okay kidding, I'll do one and be impressed. Okay, So

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Speaker 4: so uh.

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Speaker 1: We had an episode a while back Casey about the

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Speaker 1: weird and somewhat disturbing history of soap, which may involve

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Speaker 1: ritual sacrifice, and this got us thinking about another bathroom

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Speaker 1: stand by the toilet. Where did it come from? You know,

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Speaker 1: we know you had a great idea. A few years

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Speaker 1: ago we did an episode all about bidets, and we

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Speaker 1: actually contacted a bidet company and sort of gave him

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Speaker 1: the hard cell. Casey, you were there. You remember this.

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Speaker 2: Golden the golden era of ridiculous history.

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Speaker 1: So we started to cogitate and ask ourselves, what's the

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Speaker 1: straight poop? Where does the toilet actually come from?

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Speaker 4: Because we also did an episode on underwear that was

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Speaker 4: a tie in with Fruit of the Loom.

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Speaker 2: That's right.

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Speaker 4: So if any toilet companies want to sponsor this episode

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Speaker 4: after the fact, we you know, we're here for it.

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Speaker 1: We will shill.

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Speaker 2: We will shill for your product.

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Speaker 1: Send Japanese toilets, Toto please, I'm going to say it.

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Speaker 1: I know not everybody wants to admit this because there's

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Speaker 1: a little bit of anism involved, but the nation of

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Speaker 1: Japan is pooping in the future. Those toilets are amazing.

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Speaker 1: Have you guys ever used like the fancy Japanese toilets?

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Speaker 4: No, but there's a really good episode of Bob's Burgers

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Speaker 4: where Jeane falls in love essentially with a Japanese toilet

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Speaker 4: that talks and all of this good stuff.

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Speaker 2: It's pretty wild.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, there's things can get up there and cost you know,

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Speaker 4: even just like a sort of bargain basement model, like

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Speaker 4: a topper for your traditional commods. Those can run you

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Speaker 4: in the hundreds of dollars. But then if you want

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Speaker 4: one that's like fully flushed out, yeah, okay, those can

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Speaker 4: be thousands and thousands of dollars. And they yeah, they

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Speaker 4: do things like you know, rotating bedeys, like a little

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Speaker 4: whirlwind in your butt that can be heated.

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Speaker 1: They have like customizable features so they know who is

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Speaker 1: sitting down in the home. Got these nice gentle burst

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Speaker 1: of air.

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Speaker 2: I got it.

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Speaker 1: It's one of the every time I've been to Japan,

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Speaker 1: I can't help it. The first and number one tourist

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Speaker 1: attraction for me as the airport toilet. I'm just consistently amazed.

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Speaker 1: And it took a long way to get there, because

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Speaker 1: people have been pooping way before they figured out how

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Speaker 1: to clean up their poop or how to safely transport

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Speaker 1: it away from their living quarters. We know that the humans'

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Speaker 1: closest relative, the chimpanzee, was already practicing some form of

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Speaker 1: restroom hygiene, and that tells us that other primates likely

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Speaker 1: did the same thing as they evolved into humans.

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Speaker 4: It's pretty wild. Apes apparently, you know, know how to

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Speaker 4: keep themselves relatively feces free, despite their reputation. And you know,

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Speaker 4: they do play with it. Sometimes they'll throw it at you.

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Speaker 4: They'll they'll throw it at you, while we as humans

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Speaker 4: may not do that on a good day.

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Speaker 2: On a bad day, you know, I'll bets are off.

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Speaker 4: But apparently we are filthier in terms of our ability

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Speaker 4: to you know, track, collect and track poop particles. I

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Speaker 4: did not even think about this until I moved in

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Speaker 4: with my girlfriend and she was very insistent that I

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Speaker 4: closed the toilet lid before flushing.

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Speaker 2: I did. I did. I maybe I'm a disgusting man.

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Speaker 2: I'm a disgusting man or just a man, but I did.

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Speaker 4: Not realize this is a thing, especially in a small

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Speaker 4: bathroom where the sink is right next to the toilet.

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Speaker 4: If you flush it, it's like a poop bomb going on.

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Speaker 2: It really is.

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Speaker 4: You know, it's the particles you can't see. But bolt,

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Speaker 4: it's not gonna stop, y'all. It's not gonna stop. But

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Speaker 4: stick with us. It's worth it, we promise. So chimps

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Speaker 4: are good at like pooping off the side of their

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Speaker 4: sleeping areas and and doing it directly and not tracking

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Speaker 4: it in. But apparently, you know, since we often are

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Speaker 4: barefoot in the house or in the bathroom or whatever,

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Speaker 4: if you don't close the lid and you flush the toilet,

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Speaker 4: then you're getting it on the floor, then you're put

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Speaker 4: tracking it on your feet, then it ends up in

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Speaker 4: your bed. So apparently chimpanzees sleeping areas test much cleaner

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Speaker 4: than human beings sleeping areas. Scott forbid of hotels. Can

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Speaker 4: you even imagine, Well, we don't want to go there,

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Speaker 4: We've been there on our other show.

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Speaker 1: Yes, yeah, check out the stuff hotels don't want you

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Speaker 1: to know.

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Speaker 3: Uh.

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Speaker 1: And it's up to you whether you want to bring

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Speaker 1: a UV light on your trip or not. But will

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Speaker 1: it will change the way the way you see things?

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Speaker 1: So yeah, no, I'm glad you mentioned this. This is

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Speaker 1: a study conducted by Adriana Hernandez Aguilar and Fiona Stewart,

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Speaker 1: and they found.

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Speaker 2: Exactly what you're describing.

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Speaker 1: Chimpanzees were much much cleaner and because of the closing

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Speaker 1: the lid thing, because a lot of us aren't stopping

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Speaker 1: the catapult when it settles on the floor, it can

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Speaker 1: go anywhere from there, you know what I mean. How

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Speaker 1: far away from your bathroom is your kitchen. That's another

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Speaker 1: huge issue, and we're not going to disparage them. Yes,

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Speaker 1: people have always tried to be clean, even in very

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Speaker 1: very dirty times, and people seem to have always he's

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Speaker 1: known that feces could be dangerous. If you go way

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Speaker 1: back to the time of the Sumerians, you'll see that

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Speaker 1: they had something like toilets thousands and thousands of years ago.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, three thousand, five hundred and three thousand BCE to

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Speaker 4: be precise, the Samarians in Mesopotamia, they built these ancient

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Speaker 4: versions of toilets, which were essentially deep pits that had tubes,

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Speaker 4: kind of ceramic tubing if you can picture maybe something

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Speaker 4: you might see in a garden or something along the

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Speaker 4: lines of like roofing shingles maybe, but like you know,

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Speaker 4: tubular and that's what they sat upon. And then they

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Speaker 4: were able to love the word excret excreta. Yeah, it

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Speaker 4: sounds like a prog rock band or like a Mars

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Speaker 4: Volta album.

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Speaker 1: It sounds like what Maynard from Tool would call his

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Speaker 1: home poop.

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Speaker 4: It probably does call it something like that. He probably

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Speaker 4: gives it a cute little pet name. That's an odd cat,

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Speaker 4: right there. A big fan of wine. He's a big

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Speaker 4: fan of wine winery guy. Yeah yeah, So this again,

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Speaker 4: according to the research, the solid excreta excreta would would

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Speaker 4: keep it in there. This the lining would keep it

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Speaker 4: in there, and the liquid would seep out through holes.

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Speaker 4: There was of course, you know, they hadn't quite figured

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Speaker 4: out moving running water yet, so there wasn't like a

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Speaker 4: way to flush fast. Forward a bit to the ancient

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Speaker 4: Babylonians and Assyrians, who also had toilets.

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Speaker 2: Yeah.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, so what we've already established, toilets are older than

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Speaker 1: Jesus Christ. This is very ancient technology. The Assyrians did

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Speaker 1: something similar. They would take two small walls and they

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Speaker 1: would put the very close together with a narrow gap

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Speaker 1: for the feces to fall through, and then it went

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Speaker 1: directly into the canals. So you're just sort of pooping

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Speaker 1: in the water system. God be with you. People didn't

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Speaker 1: really evolve past that until the ancient Greeks and Romans

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Speaker 1: started bringing toilets to the masses. If you are looking

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Speaker 1: at the toilet timeline, you'll see the innovations were pretty

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Speaker 1: clogged until about one thousand years after the Sumerians.

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Speaker 4: Unfortunately, though, as is often the case, this is typically

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Speaker 4: for the well to do. I'm not going to even

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Speaker 4: say it, I already said it. Let it sink in

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Speaker 4: poorer members of society. Unfortunately, we're kind of just doing

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Speaker 4: the like solitary confinement treatment, you know, a bucket more

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Speaker 4: or less a barrel that was I think the larger

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Speaker 4: vessel that they would dump their chamber pots into. And

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Speaker 4: we of course know that this went on into you know,

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Speaker 4: the Middle.

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Speaker 2: Ages, you know, medieval times.

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Speaker 4: The idea of a chamber pot is even something you

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Speaker 4: hear about in like you know, Dickens occasionally, I believe,

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Speaker 4: you know. And when we talked, we're gonna talk about

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Speaker 4: the Great Stink of London. I believe at some point

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Speaker 4: this is all very much tied together. As long is

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Speaker 4: there have been humans pooping, there have been humans trying

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Speaker 4: to figure out how to get as far away from

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Speaker 4: that stuff as possible.

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Speaker 1: And who has to do the dirty job of cleaning

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Speaker 1: it at this point. In an ancient manu in civilization

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Speaker 1: over on the island of Crete, the people who had

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Speaker 1: private toilets in their homes were very much the elite.

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Speaker 1: They were the top one percent. It was like having

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Speaker 1: an indoor pool. In the cities. A lot of people

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Speaker 1: used publicly trains. These things were open for fifty to

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Speaker 1: sixty people at a time and they were just continually

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Speaker 1: flushing out the crap. This was a meeting spot for people. So, okay,

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Speaker 1: two things. One thing that always confuses me. We go

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Speaker 1: to so many hotels when we're on the road and

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Speaker 1: you've seen this. Two case, I'm sure the phone by

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Speaker 1: the toilet. Why why is there the phone by the toilet?

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Speaker 1: You know what I mean. The first time I saw

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Speaker 1: it was at our old office and Buckhead from Babyface Records, Right.

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Speaker 3: I was thinking of that that was the status thing, right,

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Speaker 3: that was that was kind of a phone by they.

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Speaker 3: I mean, not like it's super expensive, but it's sort

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Speaker 3: of like I'm so important that I can't even take

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Speaker 3: five minutes away from main contactable because it's all pre

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Speaker 3: cell phone.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, yeah, that's true.

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Speaker 4: Did did you notice spend that when we were in

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Speaker 4: Vegas recently? Did your hotel room have a phone by

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Speaker 4: the toilet as well?

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Speaker 2: Yes?

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Speaker 1: Yes, which just seemed very very vegasy.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I guess right.

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Speaker 3: You need a like you.

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Speaker 1: You have a you have a light bulb moment on

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Speaker 1: the toilet and you call downstairs and put two hundred

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Speaker 1: on you know, the the braves or something. Anyway, it

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Speaker 1: turns out this idea of discussing business matters on the

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Speaker 1: toilet dates back to Roman civilization, Greco Roman civilization, because

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Speaker 1: there would be this massive people like at a It

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Speaker 1: reminds me of those giant restrooms at stadiums. You guys,

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Speaker 1: remember where they used to have the troth, the trough.

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Speaker 1: I hated the but they've got this big thing. And

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Speaker 1: when you would go to the bathroom here in this

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Speaker 1: time in ancient Greece, you weren't going to just do

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Speaker 1: your business and leave people hung out. And they talked

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Speaker 1: about you know, work stuff. That feels like, I don't know,

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Speaker 1: I'm glad modern boundaries exist now.

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Speaker 2: I came up with a fun rhyme.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, the elite of crete sure didn't know how to

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Speaker 4: excrete perfect, and that's I apropos of nothing. At this

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Speaker 4: point we've moved on, but I couldn't let that one

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Speaker 4: languish on the vine.

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Speaker 3: I have to say this, this is reminding me of

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Speaker 3: this kind of an obscure reference. But There's an old

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Speaker 3: Louis Benwell film called The Phantom of Liberty, And there's

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Speaker 3: a sequence in that movie which is just a sequence

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Speaker 3: of dreams and weird things. But it's a kind of

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Speaker 3: a high society dinner, except the bathroom and the dinner

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Speaker 3: area are reversed, So everybody sits at the toilet together

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Speaker 3: in a group and poops.

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Speaker 4: And.

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Speaker 3: Then and then they all they all get up to

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Speaker 3: leave and go off into these closed, tiny chambers and

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Speaker 3: eat their food.

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Speaker 2: Alone without anybody. I get.

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Speaker 4: He just knew how to flip the script on on

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Speaker 4: polite society, did he didn't He also do the what

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00:16:15,000 --> 00:16:19,240
Speaker 4: was it the unique charms of the speech, that's the

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Speaker 4: one with the iconic poster with like the giant pair

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Speaker 4: of lips with yes lady legs exactly image.

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Speaker 1: Do you guys are what's your policy on speaking in

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Speaker 1: the bathroom.

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Speaker 2: Like to others? Yeah? Or to myself?

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Speaker 3: Well, I don't like it.

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Speaker 2: I don't like it. It feels invasive.

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Speaker 4: You mean, well, if if it's up to you, maybe

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Speaker 4: it's invasive to the other person too, because they're like, dude,

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Speaker 4: I don't want to talk to you while you're doing that,

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Speaker 4: or so it.

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Speaker 1: Just starts talking to you. You know, that's one thing

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Speaker 1: that I think Atlanta takes a little too far sometimes.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, a public bath wait, no, why somebody else in

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Speaker 2: my personal bathroom?

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Speaker 4: No, no, no, I just I just don't em as somebody

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Speaker 4: you maybe you cohabitate with, like shouting at you across

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Speaker 4: the house.

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Speaker 2: Okay, in the bathroom. Oh, you're right.

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Speaker 4: This idea of the public latrine being like a meat market,

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Speaker 4: that sounds gross, but we.

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Speaker 2: All know what we mean by that. Really. Yeah, it's

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Speaker 2: a little weird.

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Speaker 4: That does seem you know, like yeah, but you know what,

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Speaker 4: it's also kind of like an old timey thing, the

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Speaker 4: idea of making conversation with someone at the urinals that that,

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Speaker 4: you know, old school folks maybe would do that, But

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Speaker 4: now these kids don't even make phone calls anymore. I

335
00:17:28,880 --> 00:17:32,399
Speaker 4: mean this, they would die, They would die. I enjoy

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Speaker 4: the boundary. I believe that good fences make good neighbors,

337
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Speaker 4: but the ancient Greeks sure did not. These public commodes

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Speaker 4: did have technological innovation, though. It's the first evidence of

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Speaker 4: water being actively used to carry away waste instead of

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Speaker 4: stuff just dumping into a river. And you know, the

341
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Speaker 4: Romans come along, They rip off all the Greek stuff

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Speaker 4: the way that we ripped off that law and order

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Speaker 4: sound c apparently, but they took the latrine technology as well.

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Speaker 4: So if you look at Roman latrines, they're pretty similar

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Speaker 4: to the earlier Greek ones, and they have rows of

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Speaker 4: bench seats with holes positioned above a sewer, no walls.

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Speaker 4: The Romans are also the ones that figured out like

348
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Speaker 4: aqueducts and stuff, right, So, like the Romans were definitely

349
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Speaker 4: leveling up the idea of moving water. I'm not one

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Speaker 4: hundred percent sure how quickly they got to the idea

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Speaker 4: of fleshing out waste, but they were able to move

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Speaker 4: water using gravity, right, like to transfer water long distances,

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Speaker 4: so they could have drinking water.

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Speaker 1: And they had centralized plumbing when it introduced a guy

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Speaker 1: named Christoph Luti, a sanitation infrastructure planner at the Swiss

356
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Speaker 1: Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, he says the

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Speaker 1: Romans did have this one sophisticated innovation. It was their

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Speaker 1: centralized plumbing. So instead of having to do the chamber

359
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Speaker 1: pot hustle, which is what they called it, obviously, what

360
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Speaker 1: you would do is just fun funnel all this excreta

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Speaker 1: into the centralized sewer using that slow moving gravity powered water.

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Speaker 1: And then after that it it did go to a river.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, not great. That was you know, they made miss

364
00:19:15,960 --> 00:19:17,520
Speaker 4: missed the boat on that one. But then you know,

365
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Speaker 4: we'll get there. When the Roman Empire falls, it affected

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Speaker 4: a lot of things. They were in a very advanced

367
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Speaker 4: civilization and with that fall it kind of set back

368
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Speaker 4: some of these advances.

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Speaker 2: Right.

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Speaker 1: Oh yeah, man, the sophisticated toilet culture entered a bottleneck.

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Speaker 1: Innovation was once again clogged. It was back to chamber

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Speaker 1: pot hustles. That's why in pretty much any Western film

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Speaker 1: about this period of Europe, that's why inevitably when someone's

374
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Speaker 1: walking through the street, you'll see somebody from the second

375
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Speaker 1: floor throw out a bucket of piss and filth because

376
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Speaker 1: the sewer at that time was the middle of the street.

377
00:20:00,960 --> 00:20:01,120
Speaker 2: Yeah.

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Speaker 4: It reminds me of that line from Monty Python The

379
00:20:03,080 --> 00:20:05,840
Speaker 4: Holy Grail where they're talking about like who the king

380
00:20:06,000 --> 00:20:07,400
Speaker 4: is and he's like, oh, he must be the king

381
00:20:07,400 --> 00:20:09,159
Speaker 4: because he's the only one who isn't covered in.

382
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Speaker 1: Yes, which is not an unfair choke. Private and public

383
00:20:15,840 --> 00:20:19,800
Speaker 1: toilet's pretty scarce in the Middle Ages. And yes, it

384
00:20:19,920 --> 00:20:23,080
Speaker 1: is true that people who lived in castles would poop

385
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Speaker 1: and pee through these small niches basically in the castle

386
00:20:27,040 --> 00:20:31,680
Speaker 1: walls the privy right. Yeah, yes, they've been called privies.

387
00:20:31,720 --> 00:20:34,800
Speaker 1: But the big problem is they should have called these

388
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Speaker 1: the disease holes. Because launching poop and piss outside of

389
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Speaker 1: your castle, it lands in the moat. It creates epidemics

390
00:20:44,840 --> 00:20:50,720
Speaker 1: that were pretty frequent, cholera, typhoid, plague. And years went

391
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Speaker 1: on and the bathroom situation did not really improve. If

392
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Speaker 1: you were the average person at this day and age,

393
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Speaker 1: you just go outside and crap in a field because

394
00:21:03,320 --> 00:21:04,400
Speaker 1: that is fertilizer.

395
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Speaker 4: Well, I believe we've talked about the fact that Louis

396
00:21:07,119 --> 00:21:11,640
Speaker 4: the fourteenth like never showered. He just put on layers

397
00:21:11,640 --> 00:21:16,280
Speaker 4: and layers of like fine smelling oils and lotions, which

398
00:21:16,320 --> 00:21:18,560
Speaker 4: is really gross. It really reminds me of the story

399
00:21:18,640 --> 00:21:22,480
Speaker 4: that recently took place sort of Atlanta adjacent, No, it

400
00:21:22,480 --> 00:21:26,400
Speaker 4: was Atlanta, Jason, about an ill fated flight from Atlanta's

401
00:21:26,400 --> 00:21:30,120
Speaker 4: Heartfield Jackson International Airport too. I believe it was Spain.

402
00:21:31,280 --> 00:21:32,960
Speaker 4: I can't recall what the endestination was.

403
00:21:33,000 --> 00:21:34,760
Speaker 2: I think it was. I think it was fine.

404
00:21:35,160 --> 00:21:39,879
Speaker 4: Where somebody did a diarrhea down the entire length of

405
00:21:39,920 --> 00:21:43,320
Speaker 4: the plane, and apparently one of the best quotes from

406
00:21:43,320 --> 00:21:45,600
Speaker 4: that was that, you know, whatever they tried to do

407
00:21:45,720 --> 00:21:48,359
Speaker 4: to put on it to make it smell less bad,

408
00:21:48,720 --> 00:21:52,160
Speaker 4: just made it smell like vanilla scented poop, because that's

409
00:21:52,160 --> 00:21:52,760
Speaker 4: what it would be.

410
00:21:52,960 --> 00:21:53,199
Speaker 2: You know.

411
00:21:53,320 --> 00:21:57,920
Speaker 4: I'm sure whatever Louis, bless his heart, put on just

412
00:21:58,119 --> 00:22:04,320
Speaker 4: just since you the foul odor in certain different flavored directions.

413
00:22:04,520 --> 00:22:07,080
Speaker 4: But yeah, I mean, he didn't really care about this stuff.

414
00:22:07,119 --> 00:22:10,199
Speaker 4: Clearly he was not a showering guy. He didn't attach

415
00:22:10,320 --> 00:22:14,000
Speaker 4: much you know, sanctity. He did not believe in cleanliness

416
00:22:14,080 --> 00:22:16,040
Speaker 4: is next to godly, which apparently is not really a

417
00:22:16,080 --> 00:22:18,080
Speaker 4: thing that exists in any holy scripture.

418
00:22:18,359 --> 00:22:21,600
Speaker 1: He thought human rules didn't really apply to him because

419
00:22:21,680 --> 00:22:26,000
Speaker 1: he was, you know, appointed by God. He felt himself

420
00:22:26,000 --> 00:22:27,480
Speaker 1: somewhat godlike I.

421
00:22:27,800 --> 00:22:30,760
Speaker 4: For one, have always you know, moved up, I guess

422
00:22:30,800 --> 00:22:34,600
Speaker 4: a little bit in society. But living with roommates in

423
00:22:34,680 --> 00:22:37,399
Speaker 4: a home that only has one bathroom, you know, with

424
00:22:37,480 --> 00:22:40,639
Speaker 4: maybe two other people not great, you know for showering

425
00:22:40,840 --> 00:22:44,200
Speaker 4: schedule and of course for pooping, because nobody wants anyone

426
00:22:44,240 --> 00:22:45,960
Speaker 4: to have to come in after they've done the thing,

427
00:22:46,320 --> 00:22:48,840
Speaker 4: and nobody wants to come in after someone's done the thing.

428
00:22:48,840 --> 00:22:52,800
Speaker 4: But in a castle Versailles, you know, the son king

429
00:22:53,840 --> 00:22:58,359
Speaker 4: absolutely did not care, did not give two shakes about

430
00:22:58,880 --> 00:23:01,240
Speaker 4: having multiple toilets.

431
00:23:01,440 --> 00:23:02,600
Speaker 2: In fact, how many were there?

432
00:23:02,720 --> 00:23:06,119
Speaker 1: Ben, Oh, so glad you asked Casey, you'll like this

433
00:23:06,200 --> 00:23:09,840
Speaker 1: as well as our expert on France. There were two

434
00:23:09,920 --> 00:23:14,480
Speaker 1: thousand rooms in the castle of Versailles. There was one toilet.

435
00:23:15,000 --> 00:23:16,480
Speaker 2: Oh my god, that's insane.

436
00:23:16,560 --> 00:23:21,080
Speaker 1: It's like fire festival level logistics, it is. But let's

437
00:23:21,080 --> 00:23:24,439
Speaker 1: pause here too, because let's get Casey's take on this. Casey,

438
00:23:24,640 --> 00:23:28,560
Speaker 1: how do the French regard Louis the fourteenth? Did they

439
00:23:28,600 --> 00:23:30,400
Speaker 1: talk about this poop stuff at all? Or are they

440
00:23:30,440 --> 00:23:33,119
Speaker 1: more concerned with like him being a bad leader.

441
00:23:33,359 --> 00:23:36,480
Speaker 3: Yeah, it's more the bad leadership thing. Yeah, I don't

442
00:23:36,480 --> 00:23:38,920
Speaker 3: think there's a whole lot about the toiletry that I've

443
00:23:38,920 --> 00:23:41,320
Speaker 3: seen pop up in like pop culture and that kind

444
00:23:41,320 --> 00:23:41,600
Speaker 3: of thing.

445
00:23:42,000 --> 00:23:44,840
Speaker 1: All right, well, we're bringing it back. Also, speaking of

446
00:23:44,840 --> 00:23:47,119
Speaker 1: bringing things back, the entire reason they set you up

447
00:23:47,119 --> 00:23:50,600
Speaker 1: for that so that we could say, Casey on the

448
00:23:50,600 --> 00:23:51,320
Speaker 1: case d.

449
00:23:54,440 --> 00:23:56,159
Speaker 2: I wonder we can dig that sound que out of

450
00:23:56,200 --> 00:23:57,119
Speaker 2: the end of the archived.

451
00:23:57,320 --> 00:24:00,359
Speaker 1: Yes, we will dig up the casey on the case

452
00:24:00,400 --> 00:24:03,399
Speaker 1: sound Q or maybe make a new one. Who knows,

453
00:24:03,800 --> 00:24:06,200
Speaker 1: So the sun King, you can steal back that order

454
00:24:07,440 --> 00:24:11,120
Speaker 1: of mind, right, yeah, yeah, we'll just tweet them. The

455
00:24:11,240 --> 00:24:15,480
Speaker 1: Sun King would host these huge festivals, these parties, his

456
00:24:15,560 --> 00:24:19,479
Speaker 1: equivalent of raves, and when that happened, the nobles just

457
00:24:19,560 --> 00:24:22,600
Speaker 1: like the peasants outside. This is pooped in the field.

458
00:24:22,720 --> 00:24:25,680
Speaker 1: This pooped on the ground like a horse. Super classy.

459
00:24:26,000 --> 00:24:28,520
Speaker 1: The flushing toilet did not really become a thing in

460
00:24:28,560 --> 00:24:31,240
Speaker 1: Europe until the last half of the eighteen hundreds.

461
00:24:31,480 --> 00:24:33,040
Speaker 4: Makes me think of a quote from I'm sorry I

462
00:24:33,119 --> 00:24:35,800
Speaker 4: keep doing this junior soprano on the soprano is one

463
00:24:35,800 --> 00:24:37,240
Speaker 4: of my favorite insults that he says.

464
00:24:37,240 --> 00:24:41,280
Speaker 2: He goes, you hat, that's a good one. Yeah, I

465
00:24:41,280 --> 00:24:44,840
Speaker 2: don't know, it's a non sequity. I want to use that. Yeah,

466
00:24:45,040 --> 00:24:47,560
Speaker 2: you know, they were all isn't it funny? Though? I swear?

467
00:24:47,680 --> 00:24:49,960
Speaker 2: And the whole thing about Louis the fourteenth not bathing.

468
00:24:50,160 --> 00:24:53,199
Speaker 4: He gets this reputation for me in this resplendent you know,

469
00:24:53,440 --> 00:24:56,920
Speaker 4: fashion clothes horse kind of cat right, But yeah, he's

470
00:24:56,920 --> 00:25:01,120
Speaker 4: stunk all the time. And there was only one toilet

471
00:25:01,240 --> 00:25:03,639
Speaker 4: in the whole Man mansion. This is more than a manchion.

472
00:25:03,640 --> 00:25:06,520
Speaker 4: If you guys have ever seen for size, literally Palace

473
00:25:06,720 --> 00:25:10,160
Speaker 4: of Wonder, it really doesn't kind of line up.

474
00:25:10,440 --> 00:25:14,600
Speaker 2: But enter sir John Harrington, big deal.

475
00:25:15,160 --> 00:25:18,840
Speaker 4: He pioneered in fifteen ninety six, one of the very

476
00:25:18,840 --> 00:25:21,400
Speaker 4: earliest examples of the flush toilet.

477
00:25:21,880 --> 00:25:25,080
Speaker 1: Yeah, he did also want to point out in Louise's defense,

478
00:25:26,400 --> 00:25:29,959
Speaker 1: Louis was apparently had a huge phobia about bathing.

479
00:25:30,000 --> 00:25:30,840
Speaker 2: He was tad.

480
00:25:31,080 --> 00:25:34,080
Speaker 1: He thought it was bad for your health. Hydrophobe. Yeah,

481
00:25:34,119 --> 00:25:39,000
Speaker 1: it's a hydrophobe. And look this guy, Sir John Harrington,

482
00:25:39,200 --> 00:25:42,840
Speaker 1: also a poet, by the way, gold literacy. When he

483
00:25:42,920 --> 00:25:46,000
Speaker 1: invented the flush toilet, as you said, no nobody cared.

484
00:25:46,280 --> 00:25:51,760
Speaker 2: Oh, total whimper, not a bang at all. It wasn't for.

485
00:25:51,720 --> 00:25:55,960
Speaker 4: Two hundred years until people kind of caught into the

486
00:25:56,040 --> 00:25:58,680
Speaker 4: idea of man, wouldn't it be cool if we could

487
00:25:58,720 --> 00:26:03,040
Speaker 4: like just shoot this poop out somewhere else far away.

488
00:26:03,320 --> 00:26:06,520
Speaker 1: I picture some guy going on a journey, because most

489
00:26:06,560 --> 00:26:09,800
Speaker 1: people lived and died relatively close to where they were born.

490
00:26:09,960 --> 00:26:12,280
Speaker 1: I picture some guy going way out in the woods

491
00:26:12,440 --> 00:26:15,359
Speaker 1: and then coming back and saying, dudes, I found a

492
00:26:15,359 --> 00:26:19,160
Speaker 1: place that doesn't smell like maybe we could learn.

493
00:26:19,000 --> 00:26:19,720
Speaker 2: Something from that.

494
00:26:20,160 --> 00:26:25,159
Speaker 1: So yeah, our buddy Alexander Cummings says, yeah, let's let's

495
00:26:25,200 --> 00:26:28,760
Speaker 1: try to make things smell a little less filthy. He

496
00:26:28,920 --> 00:26:31,800
Speaker 1: applies for a patent and he is the guy who

497
00:26:31,840 --> 00:26:35,960
Speaker 1: adds the double curved drain pipe you see on the bottom,

498
00:26:36,280 --> 00:26:39,040
Speaker 1: unlike the neck of your commode.

499
00:26:38,880 --> 00:26:40,880
Speaker 2: Somewhat of a bevel. Yeah.

500
00:26:41,000 --> 00:26:45,280
Speaker 1: Yeah, it fights against stench because it can't get I mean,

501
00:26:45,320 --> 00:26:47,480
Speaker 1: it's not one hundred percent stench proof, but.

502
00:26:47,680 --> 00:26:50,320
Speaker 2: It's nothing in this life.

503
00:26:50,520 --> 00:26:52,840
Speaker 4: Yeah, and this, of course is a design that we

504
00:26:52,880 --> 00:26:55,240
Speaker 4: still see. If you've ever had to get down and

505
00:26:55,280 --> 00:26:57,760
Speaker 4: scrub it, scrub the thing, you know, you've you've seen

506
00:26:57,800 --> 00:27:02,439
Speaker 4: that that that curved kind of receptacle in the bottom

507
00:27:02,480 --> 00:27:05,640
Speaker 4: of modern toilets. It's really not that different. So this

508
00:27:05,720 --> 00:27:08,000
Speaker 4: really did pave the way for what we know today

509
00:27:08,080 --> 00:27:10,640
Speaker 4: as the modern flushing toilet. You know, once you get

510
00:27:10,680 --> 00:27:13,760
Speaker 4: something once until we get into the whole Japanese future

511
00:27:13,800 --> 00:27:16,000
Speaker 4: of toilets, that's its own thing. But you know, it's

512
00:27:16,000 --> 00:27:19,480
Speaker 4: hard to get something much better than old John Harrington

513
00:27:19,560 --> 00:27:24,960
Speaker 4: got it. But as we know, Britain in the nineteenth

514
00:27:24,960 --> 00:27:28,320
Speaker 4: century had a real problem with sanitation, a real problem

515
00:27:28,320 --> 00:27:31,480
Speaker 4: with sanitation that stemmed from a real problem with overcrowding

516
00:27:31,800 --> 00:27:36,280
Speaker 4: in its cities. And we know that sometimes you know,

517
00:27:36,359 --> 00:27:40,199
Speaker 4: this is like aut of a twist type situation. One

518
00:27:40,280 --> 00:27:45,640
Speaker 4: hundred people might share a single toilet. That's insane, that's wild,

519
00:27:45,800 --> 00:27:48,960
Speaker 4: and it would of course cause backups and the sewage

520
00:27:49,000 --> 00:27:52,440
Speaker 4: would then spill out into the streets. The streets were

521
00:27:52,520 --> 00:27:57,440
Speaker 4: running with with with with poopoo and peepee.

522
00:27:56,280 --> 00:28:02,840
Speaker 1: They very much were. This was an ideal situation because

523
00:28:03,040 --> 00:28:07,080
Speaker 1: the no no juices were mixing with all kinds of

524
00:28:07,119 --> 00:28:11,800
Speaker 1: other terrible stuff in the water, chemicals, horse manure, just

525
00:28:11,960 --> 00:28:16,040
Speaker 1: dead animals. Someone's pet dies and they're they're like throw

526
00:28:16,080 --> 00:28:20,040
Speaker 1: oscar in the river. And because of this there were

527
00:28:20,119 --> 00:28:24,840
Speaker 1: these huge, again continual public health crises colera outbreaks of

528
00:28:24,840 --> 00:28:28,080
Speaker 1: the eighteen thirties and eighteen fifties in particular, and so

529
00:28:28,280 --> 00:28:31,479
Speaker 1: as a result, trying to fight back against this, in

530
00:28:31,560 --> 00:28:35,439
Speaker 1: eighteen forty eight, the government decreed that every new house

531
00:28:35,520 --> 00:28:39,280
Speaker 1: built had to have a water closet, a toilet, or

532
00:28:39,400 --> 00:28:42,840
Speaker 1: an ash pit privy. And that's when we go to

533
00:28:44,360 --> 00:28:49,960
Speaker 1: the night soil men working on night poops the night

534
00:28:50,040 --> 00:28:53,239
Speaker 1: soil men had a terrible job. We talked about these

535
00:28:53,240 --> 00:28:54,640
Speaker 1: guys in the Great Stink of London.

536
00:28:54,720 --> 00:28:58,760
Speaker 4: Remember that's right they you know, they would muck out

537
00:28:58,840 --> 00:29:04,000
Speaker 4: these pits, They would muck out these whatever ashen privies,

538
00:29:04,160 --> 00:29:08,640
Speaker 4: right not, you know, one of the original dirty jobs.

539
00:29:09,760 --> 00:29:12,720
Speaker 2: This was bad times. Yeah.

540
00:29:13,000 --> 00:29:15,760
Speaker 4: But of course, despite the best efforts of the night men,

541
00:29:15,960 --> 00:29:20,600
Speaker 4: the nightmen, this stuff did. It's insidious, you know, it

542
00:29:20,600 --> 00:29:25,320
Speaker 4: found its way into the water source or into the

543
00:29:25,520 --> 00:29:28,920
Speaker 4: water supply rather. And of course there were also other

544
00:29:29,000 --> 00:29:32,360
Speaker 4: chemicals that came from runoff from like coal ash and

545
00:29:32,400 --> 00:29:38,720
Speaker 4: things like that horse manure, rotting animal carcasses. The water

546
00:29:38,920 --> 00:29:42,960
Speaker 4: was just absolutely swimming with disease and to your point, Bend,

547
00:29:43,040 --> 00:29:46,560
Speaker 4: cholera outbreaks of the eighteen thirties and eighteen.

548
00:29:46,320 --> 00:29:48,680
Speaker 2: Fifties were the result of that.

549
00:29:49,080 --> 00:29:51,960
Speaker 4: But in eighteen fifty eight there was a particularly nasty

550
00:29:52,120 --> 00:29:56,520
Speaker 4: summer which resulted in that Great stink. This idea of miasma,

551
00:29:56,640 --> 00:29:59,720
Speaker 4: remember that one ben the miasma theory, the idea that

552
00:29:59,760 --> 00:30:02,760
Speaker 4: we didn't really know where this was coming from, where

553
00:30:02,800 --> 00:30:05,800
Speaker 4: this disease was spreading. It wasn't right away that they

554
00:30:05,840 --> 00:30:07,640
Speaker 4: realized it was in the water at all. You think

555
00:30:07,640 --> 00:30:09,840
Speaker 4: that would have been a dead giveaway because the water

556
00:30:10,000 --> 00:30:13,760
Speaker 4: was like brown, I mean, it was bad. It wasn't

557
00:30:13,840 --> 00:30:16,480
Speaker 4: just like a hint of the stuff. So there was

558
00:30:16,480 --> 00:30:18,760
Speaker 4: a theory that it was spreading through the air, but

559
00:30:18,840 --> 00:30:20,280
Speaker 4: that was dead wrong.

560
00:30:21,200 --> 00:30:25,640
Speaker 1: Just I'm laughing because you've inspired me for a terrible

561
00:30:25,680 --> 00:30:29,760
Speaker 1: collode or perfume commercial for Louis the fourteenth, like Calvin

562
00:30:29,800 --> 00:30:32,360
Speaker 1: Klein style. It's a hint of poop.

563
00:30:32,760 --> 00:30:36,480
Speaker 2: Yes, how about this? A hint of poop in the night?

564
00:30:37,160 --> 00:30:37,959
Speaker 2: Hint of poop.

565
00:30:38,840 --> 00:30:45,080
Speaker 4: Sorry, I'm thinking of an Harry Nilsen album.

566
00:30:46,960 --> 00:30:49,240
Speaker 1: There's one myth we want to bust, and we know

567
00:30:49,320 --> 00:30:53,920
Speaker 1: we're being a little bit eurocentric heredity, you know in

568
00:30:54,200 --> 00:30:56,120
Speaker 1: I guess Middle Eastern when you get back to the

569
00:30:56,120 --> 00:31:00,560
Speaker 1: origins of mankind. But we're gonna get to a little

570
00:31:00,560 --> 00:31:03,120
Speaker 1: bit of banter about Japan and other parts of the

571
00:31:03,120 --> 00:31:05,240
Speaker 1: world towards the end. On the way, we're going to

572
00:31:05,280 --> 00:31:09,120
Speaker 1: pause to bust one quick myth. Folks, you may have

573
00:31:09,200 --> 00:31:12,920
Speaker 1: heard the story of Thomas Crapper. People will often say

574
00:31:13,080 --> 00:31:17,960
Speaker 1: he invented the modern toilet, because that's that sounds really cool.

575
00:31:18,320 --> 00:31:21,520
Speaker 1: Your last name is Crapper, you know, the invention is

576
00:31:21,640 --> 00:31:25,280
Speaker 1: named after you. The answer is a bit more nuanced

577
00:31:25,320 --> 00:31:29,280
Speaker 1: because old Tommy Craps didn't burst onto the plumbing scene

578
00:31:29,360 --> 00:31:31,680
Speaker 1: until the eighteen sixties, so there's been a lot of

579
00:31:31,720 --> 00:31:35,600
Speaker 1: research beforehand, like Cummings and Harrington and so on. But

580
00:31:35,800 --> 00:31:40,800
Speaker 1: he took out a lot of plumbing patents, more puanced, yes,

581
00:31:40,920 --> 00:31:47,080
Speaker 1: more puanced he took out. He took out something like

582
00:31:47,200 --> 00:31:50,720
Speaker 1: nine different ones between eighteen eighty one and eighteen ninety six.

583
00:31:50,760 --> 00:31:54,080
Speaker 1: But none of these were for a world changing toilet.

584
00:31:54,160 --> 00:31:58,040
Speaker 1: They were pipe improvements. And come to find out, thanks

585
00:31:58,080 --> 00:32:02,040
Speaker 1: to our palace at Life Science, the word crap probably

586
00:32:02,040 --> 00:32:05,360
Speaker 1: doesn't even come from his name, so we're now we're

587
00:32:05,400 --> 00:32:12,520
Speaker 1: redeeming his his reputation. He didn't do everything that people said,

588
00:32:12,920 --> 00:32:16,720
Speaker 1: but the stuff that he did do do is pretty important,

589
00:32:17,040 --> 00:32:18,920
Speaker 1: the pipe innovations.

590
00:32:19,040 --> 00:32:20,480
Speaker 2: But where does word crap come from?

591
00:32:20,840 --> 00:32:22,360
Speaker 4: Yeah, it's actually you know, I mean, it's it's a

592
00:32:22,360 --> 00:32:25,320
Speaker 4: weird one, right, because it certainly seems like it would

593
00:32:25,360 --> 00:32:28,280
Speaker 4: stem from this gentleman's name, which is an unfortunate thing

594
00:32:28,360 --> 00:32:31,520
Speaker 4: to be associated with, and it very well, may you know,

595
00:32:31,600 --> 00:32:34,200
Speaker 4: this is actually a little bit kind of up up

596
00:32:34,440 --> 00:32:36,440
Speaker 4: up in the air. I would argue, I think so

597
00:32:36,520 --> 00:32:40,760
Speaker 4: with historians, but it was actually potentially the word crap

598
00:32:41,000 --> 00:32:45,080
Speaker 4: was derived from a Latin word crappa, meaning chaff, which

599
00:32:45,120 --> 00:32:47,080
Speaker 4: I guess that's you know, the idea of separating the

600
00:32:47,080 --> 00:32:49,200
Speaker 4: wheat from the chaff. I think the chaff is like

601
00:32:49,240 --> 00:32:51,960
Speaker 4: the casing of the wheats, or the outer part, so

602
00:32:52,000 --> 00:32:53,160
Speaker 4: it's the part you throw away.

603
00:32:53,600 --> 00:32:56,760
Speaker 2: So that does make sense, you know.

604
00:32:56,800 --> 00:33:01,320
Speaker 4: But this guy Crapper's toilets did prominently feature on it,

605
00:33:01,520 --> 00:33:04,320
Speaker 4: So you know, the idea of maybe the term using

606
00:33:04,360 --> 00:33:08,960
Speaker 4: the crapper is separate from the term crap. I would

607
00:33:08,960 --> 00:33:13,920
Speaker 4: have to see some etymological evidence, you know, to the

608
00:33:13,960 --> 00:33:17,400
Speaker 4: contrary right to really track the providence of this word.

609
00:33:17,800 --> 00:33:21,320
Speaker 1: And that's a good point because etymology can be some

610
00:33:21,480 --> 00:33:25,800
Speaker 1: tricky poop. He did manufacture these toilets, he just didn't

611
00:33:26,160 --> 00:33:29,360
Speaker 1: necessarily invent them. Other people got in the toilet game

612
00:33:29,920 --> 00:33:35,880
Speaker 1: during the Sanitation Revolution, George Jennings, Thomas Tweeford, Edward Johns,

613
00:33:35,920 --> 00:33:38,760
Speaker 1: Henry Dalton, and so on and so on. They began

614
00:33:38,880 --> 00:33:42,680
Speaker 1: producing the toilets that are increasingly similar to the toilets

615
00:33:42,720 --> 00:33:46,560
Speaker 1: we know today, and these contraptions start appearing throughout major

616
00:33:46,600 --> 00:33:53,760
Speaker 1: European cities. Thankfully, around the same time, people started creating

617
00:33:53,840 --> 00:33:57,960
Speaker 1: sewage treatment plants to help protect rivers and streams in

618
00:33:58,080 --> 00:34:02,040
Speaker 1: Europe from a flood of human dodo And sadly this

619
00:34:02,240 --> 00:34:05,000
Speaker 1: wasn't the case in some other parts of the world.

620
00:34:05,400 --> 00:34:07,800
Speaker 2: So it really is kind of a mixed bag, you know.

621
00:34:07,840 --> 00:34:10,440
Speaker 4: It's it's sort of a lot of cases of parallel thinking,

622
00:34:10,760 --> 00:34:13,120
Speaker 4: a lot of cases of folks laying the groundwork and

623
00:34:13,120 --> 00:34:16,480
Speaker 4: then other folks coming along and improving again. You know,

624
00:34:16,560 --> 00:34:20,080
Speaker 4: people pooped as long as there have been people or

625
00:34:20,120 --> 00:34:23,160
Speaker 4: any you know, animal for the right.

626
00:34:23,360 --> 00:34:26,000
Speaker 2: Oh my god, you're so right, Ben, We're so wrong.

627
00:34:26,160 --> 00:34:29,840
Speaker 4: Though, History will not forgive us for this episode, and

628
00:34:29,880 --> 00:34:32,680
Speaker 4: we aren't technically, uh in service of history.

629
00:34:32,680 --> 00:34:34,239
Speaker 2: So I don't know, however, going to come back from this.

630
00:34:34,320 --> 00:34:35,400
Speaker 2: We're gonna do our damnness.

631
00:34:36,280 --> 00:34:39,400
Speaker 4: But yeah, it's it's like, bunch, oh my god, stop me,

632
00:34:39,840 --> 00:34:42,640
Speaker 4: stop us all we're out of control. Yeah, but I mean,

633
00:34:42,680 --> 00:34:45,080
Speaker 4: like it makes sense, this would be an innovation that

634
00:34:45,120 --> 00:34:47,759
Speaker 4: has been a long time coming, you know, not not

635
00:34:47,840 --> 00:34:49,879
Speaker 4: to mention that the Romans kind of figured it out

636
00:34:49,920 --> 00:34:51,600
Speaker 4: and then got wiped off the map and all that

637
00:34:51,640 --> 00:34:54,799
Speaker 4: technology was sort of lost to history until you know, later,

638
00:34:54,920 --> 00:34:56,880
Speaker 4: right when it was sort of more unearthed this they

639
00:34:56,880 --> 00:35:00,080
Speaker 4: had to kind of restart the whole search for for

640
00:35:00,200 --> 00:35:03,200
Speaker 4: the toilet. So but again it's it's a very basic

641
00:35:03,440 --> 00:35:05,640
Speaker 4: function that a lot of people could have had the

642
00:35:05,680 --> 00:35:08,960
Speaker 4: same idea for, and then it just became this amalgam

643
00:35:09,000 --> 00:35:12,480
Speaker 4: of ideas and tweaks over time. And you know, you

644
00:35:12,480 --> 00:35:15,880
Speaker 4: wouldn't get to the idea of sewage treatment plants without

645
00:35:15,880 --> 00:35:19,360
Speaker 4: getting to the idea of a flush toilet, without getting

646
00:35:19,360 --> 00:35:21,360
Speaker 4: to the idea of the poop goes in the hole

647
00:35:21,600 --> 00:35:22,799
Speaker 4: and down into the pit.

648
00:35:23,200 --> 00:35:25,040
Speaker 2: You know, it all kind of was staggered.

649
00:35:25,680 --> 00:35:28,239
Speaker 4: And I think that makes sense to get to where

650
00:35:28,280 --> 00:35:31,880
Speaker 4: we are today, which is of course Japanese toilets.

651
00:35:32,760 --> 00:35:38,399
Speaker 1: Yes, yes, Japanese toilets, most particularly toto they have their

652
00:35:38,440 --> 00:35:42,960
Speaker 1: own different evolution, you know, traditional Japanese toilets. When you

653
00:35:43,040 --> 00:35:45,280
Speaker 1: go to that country and a lot of parts of Asia,

654
00:35:45,320 --> 00:35:48,560
Speaker 1: you'll see squat toilets right based on the floor or

655
00:35:48,560 --> 00:35:52,360
Speaker 1: a place where you you know, you assume like the Slavic.

656
00:35:51,880 --> 00:35:55,160
Speaker 2: Squatly better for your tract, right, yes.

657
00:35:55,360 --> 00:35:59,880
Speaker 4: Which tracked track, Yeah, we're not talking about treatises here.

658
00:36:01,200 --> 00:36:04,399
Speaker 2: Depends but Yeah.

659
00:36:04,480 --> 00:36:08,080
Speaker 1: The most I think impressive thing for a lot of

660
00:36:08,120 --> 00:36:10,480
Speaker 1: travelers from outside of that part of the world, in

661
00:36:10,600 --> 00:36:16,799
Speaker 1: Japan in particular, is the crazy sophisticated modern toilets that

662
00:36:16,840 --> 00:36:18,920
Speaker 1: you see in a lot of Japanese buildings. So there's

663
00:36:18,960 --> 00:36:21,520
Speaker 1: a dichotomy, right, Sometimes they will be the really fancy

664
00:36:21,520 --> 00:36:24,120
Speaker 1: ones that do all the things we already mentioned, and

665
00:36:24,160 --> 00:36:26,760
Speaker 1: then sometimes it'll be a ceramic hole in the ground,

666
00:36:27,080 --> 00:36:27,719
Speaker 1: you know what I mean.

667
00:36:29,480 --> 00:36:33,440
Speaker 4: Have you guys ever happened upon something that's usually referred

668
00:36:33,440 --> 00:36:34,880
Speaker 4: to as a chemical toilet?

669
00:36:35,360 --> 00:36:35,640
Speaker 2: Yes?

670
00:36:36,160 --> 00:36:39,000
Speaker 4: Yeah, And of course a porta potty is essentially a

671
00:36:39,120 --> 00:36:42,279
Speaker 4: large scale chemical toilet, but you can get these little

672
00:36:42,280 --> 00:36:44,239
Speaker 4: ones that are like portable that you might have with

673
00:36:44,280 --> 00:36:47,000
Speaker 4: you in an RV or something, and it has whatever

674
00:36:47,040 --> 00:36:50,400
Speaker 4: that blue gook is that apparently just makes everything smell

675
00:36:50,520 --> 00:36:54,320
Speaker 4: like what do they call those things? Those bricks? This

676
00:36:54,520 --> 00:36:57,640
Speaker 4: kind of urinal cakes? Yeah, exactly Why do they have

677
00:36:57,719 --> 00:37:00,160
Speaker 4: to call them cakes? Well, I'll take speaking of do

678
00:37:00,160 --> 00:37:03,480
Speaker 4: they have to call it? There is a quite large

679
00:37:03,960 --> 00:37:07,960
Speaker 4: national they're they're they're found in California, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Texas, Colorado,

680
00:37:07,960 --> 00:37:14,200
Speaker 4: and Georgia. Porta potty company called Honey bucket. Why who

681
00:37:14,320 --> 00:37:17,319
Speaker 4: greenlit that? Is despicable.

682
00:37:17,600 --> 00:37:19,800
Speaker 1: I wonder if it's a spin off of another company

683
00:37:19,840 --> 00:37:22,839
Speaker 1: that already had honey in the name honey buckets. It's

684
00:37:22,880 --> 00:37:25,600
Speaker 1: just that, No, I don't want even not applied to that.

685
00:37:25,680 --> 00:37:27,960
Speaker 1: Honey bucket is not a term that I enjoy.

686
00:37:28,080 --> 00:37:32,080
Speaker 2: It's just unpleasant. It's incredibly unpleasant. It's it's foul. It

687
00:37:32,160 --> 00:37:33,600
Speaker 2: ruins the idea of honey for me.

688
00:37:33,840 --> 00:37:37,000
Speaker 1: If someone if, like if I walked into a diner

689
00:37:37,239 --> 00:37:41,480
Speaker 1: and the server called me honey bucket, I would be

690
00:37:41,560 --> 00:37:42,480
Speaker 1: very uncomfortable.

691
00:37:42,760 --> 00:37:46,080
Speaker 4: Yeah, honey bunches, maybe pie bucket. That's a that's a

692
00:37:46,080 --> 00:37:46,879
Speaker 4: bridge too far.

693
00:37:47,200 --> 00:37:51,080
Speaker 1: There's also a composting toilets. These are dry toilets, and

694
00:37:51,120 --> 00:37:53,759
Speaker 1: I gotta tell you, I hope the technology has improved,

695
00:37:53,800 --> 00:37:56,360
Speaker 1: because you guys know, I have some friends, hippie friends

696
00:37:56,360 --> 00:38:01,160
Speaker 1: who are off the grid and they're compost. Toilet does

697
00:38:01,160 --> 00:38:05,080
Speaker 1: not compost to the degree that I would have hoped,

698
00:38:05,800 --> 00:38:06,680
Speaker 1: and it's inside.

699
00:38:06,920 --> 00:38:10,000
Speaker 4: Oh it's always a bit of a bait and switch

700
00:38:10,040 --> 00:38:13,319
Speaker 4: with those kinds of things. Back to the Romans, though,

701
00:38:13,520 --> 00:38:15,720
Speaker 4: you know, we talked about how they really were leading

702
00:38:15,760 --> 00:38:18,520
Speaker 4: the charge for this kind of stuff, and then you know,

703
00:38:19,320 --> 00:38:22,680
Speaker 4: because of their annihilation, everything kind of got set back.

704
00:38:22,880 --> 00:38:26,719
Speaker 4: They also, you know, we haven't talked about wiping much, right,

705
00:38:27,200 --> 00:38:28,719
Speaker 4: if at all. We did talk about how we did

706
00:38:28,760 --> 00:38:31,120
Speaker 4: an episode on bidays. I think we're all here in

707
00:38:31,160 --> 00:38:34,080
Speaker 4: this room pro baday, and the fact that other parts

708
00:38:34,080 --> 00:38:36,680
Speaker 4: of the world have really, you know, have always kind

709
00:38:36,680 --> 00:38:38,920
Speaker 4: of been pro baday and somehow the US has lagged

710
00:38:38,920 --> 00:38:41,600
Speaker 4: behind is very strange, and I would argue, we would

711
00:38:41,640 --> 00:38:43,880
Speaker 4: all argue. I think we even made the argument in

712
00:38:43,920 --> 00:38:45,880
Speaker 4: our episode. It's a product of big tpe.

713
00:38:46,560 --> 00:38:46,759
Speaker 2: You know.

714
00:38:46,960 --> 00:38:50,080
Speaker 4: Yes, a lot of money to be made in those sheets,

715
00:38:50,360 --> 00:38:55,160
Speaker 4: you know, those cylindrical sheets. But the Romans, well they

716
00:38:55,200 --> 00:39:00,000
Speaker 4: weren't quite at the level of bidets yet with their aqueducts.

717
00:38:59,840 --> 00:39:01,640
Speaker 4: They didn't quite figure out how to get a dispray

718
00:39:02,120 --> 00:39:07,800
Speaker 4: upward against gravity. They did have a pretty relatively sophisticated

719
00:39:08,239 --> 00:39:12,480
Speaker 4: wiping mechanism in the form of a sea sponge.

720
00:39:12,200 --> 00:39:19,000
Speaker 2: On a stick. Ah, the tyssorium. Yes, wow, it also

721
00:39:19,040 --> 00:39:20,080
Speaker 2: sounds like a Mars volt.

722
00:39:22,160 --> 00:39:26,560
Speaker 1: It sounds also like an obscure anatomical thing, all.

723
00:39:26,520 --> 00:39:28,480
Speaker 4: Right, Yeah, like from the what's that book with all

724
00:39:28,520 --> 00:39:32,520
Speaker 4: the fake science stuff, the Codex serp codex serphin. It

725
00:39:32,560 --> 00:39:37,720
Speaker 4: sounds like some yeah, exactly, some alien organ of some stripe.

726
00:39:37,719 --> 00:39:40,480
Speaker 4: But yeah, but these were not uh, these were for

727
00:39:40,680 --> 00:39:46,560
Speaker 4: repeat use though, which does give me pause between multiple people. Oh,

728
00:39:47,120 --> 00:39:50,399
Speaker 4: you know, you know again, poop is pretty insidious, and

729
00:39:50,400 --> 00:39:53,880
Speaker 4: and and washing it away with water on a porous

730
00:39:54,920 --> 00:39:58,040
Speaker 4: thing piece of organic material, probably not going to get

731
00:39:58,040 --> 00:39:58,319
Speaker 4: it all.

732
00:39:58,760 --> 00:39:59,960
Speaker 2: You're probably not going to get it all.

733
00:40:00,160 --> 00:40:03,439
Speaker 1: And then passing the poopstick to the next guy while

734
00:40:03,440 --> 00:40:07,200
Speaker 1: you're talking about, you know, the olive oil trade or something.

735
00:40:07,280 --> 00:40:09,960
Speaker 1: It's just not a good look. And thank goodness, toilet

736
00:40:09,960 --> 00:40:13,080
Speaker 1: paper was mass produced in eighteen fifty seven.

737
00:40:13,160 --> 00:40:14,760
Speaker 2: It is very imperfect.

738
00:40:15,440 --> 00:40:18,160
Speaker 1: We have learned some troubling things about toilet paper on

739
00:40:18,200 --> 00:40:22,560
Speaker 1: the way, but it's still better than sharing a poopstick

740
00:40:22,600 --> 00:40:23,160
Speaker 1: with people.

741
00:40:24,280 --> 00:40:27,080
Speaker 4: Yeah, it really gives a whole new meaning to the

742
00:40:27,760 --> 00:40:29,439
Speaker 4: insult poopstick.

743
00:40:29,719 --> 00:40:33,160
Speaker 1: Yes, which we thought was universal. It turns out that's

744
00:40:33,200 --> 00:40:34,480
Speaker 1: just something we've been saying.

745
00:40:34,600 --> 00:40:36,360
Speaker 2: Turns out it has a historical precedent.

746
00:40:36,640 --> 00:40:39,480
Speaker 4: But you know, again, to the Romans credit, they had

747
00:40:39,520 --> 00:40:43,920
Speaker 4: a built in mechanism for rinsing the poopsticks right there

748
00:40:43,960 --> 00:40:47,520
Speaker 4: at their feet, in the form of a little flowing trough,

749
00:40:47,600 --> 00:40:50,799
Speaker 4: a little kind of lazy river of water. They would

750
00:40:50,840 --> 00:40:53,839
Speaker 4: just switch the thing around. I don't I don't buy it.

751
00:40:54,520 --> 00:40:58,359
Speaker 4: I'm a little skeptical of this mechanism here. I think

752
00:40:58,440 --> 00:41:01,640
Speaker 4: they probably were spreading some spreading some disease, some part

753
00:41:01,680 --> 00:41:01,840
Speaker 4: of it.

754
00:41:02,040 --> 00:41:04,040
Speaker 1: Yeah, but it was one of those things where they

755
00:41:04,040 --> 00:41:06,399
Speaker 1: couldn't see it. They didn't know as much about how

756
00:41:06,520 --> 00:41:09,520
Speaker 1: disease is spread. And this maybe gets us to our

757
00:41:09,680 --> 00:41:13,240
Speaker 1: final points here. It's fun to have, like the food humor,

758
00:41:13,400 --> 00:41:15,800
Speaker 1: we obviously love it. In casey, we hope we have

759
00:41:15,880 --> 00:41:18,840
Speaker 1: impressed you. Thank you for coming back. The big point

760
00:41:18,880 --> 00:41:25,560
Speaker 1: about this is that sanitation can save billions of lives,

761
00:41:25,640 --> 00:41:29,560
Speaker 1: and right now, nearly one half of the world's population

762
00:41:30,120 --> 00:41:36,560
Speaker 1: lacks access to proper toilets, proper sanitation, or both. This

763
00:41:36,600 --> 00:41:39,920
Speaker 1: is why the CDC says there's an estimated three point

764
00:41:39,960 --> 00:41:45,320
Speaker 1: six billion people without safely managed sanitation, and then of those,

765
00:41:45,520 --> 00:41:50,280
Speaker 1: one point nine billion only live with basic sanitation, which

766
00:41:50,320 --> 00:41:54,319
Speaker 1: means you'reus in outhouses, latrines, things that fill up or

767
00:41:54,400 --> 00:41:59,919
Speaker 1: worse overflow in heavy rain. This is particularly dangerous for women,

768
00:42:00,280 --> 00:42:04,040
Speaker 1: for young girls when they have to go outside at

769
00:42:04,120 --> 00:42:08,120
Speaker 1: night in poorly lit places. Just to use the restroom,

770
00:42:08,160 --> 00:42:10,200
Speaker 1: you know. And then the other thing. We don't think

771
00:42:10,200 --> 00:42:14,200
Speaker 1: about it too much because we live in a city. Snakes, insects,

772
00:42:15,080 --> 00:42:18,320
Speaker 1: predator tics, ticks, ticks as well, lie disease.

773
00:42:18,600 --> 00:42:21,560
Speaker 2: Yeah, insidious. But we have we talked about the Japanese

774
00:42:21,600 --> 00:42:22,520
Speaker 2: word shimogo.

775
00:42:23,160 --> 00:42:25,160
Speaker 1: We have not talked about the Japanese words.

776
00:42:24,880 --> 00:42:25,520
Speaker 2: This is fun.

777
00:42:26,120 --> 00:42:28,520
Speaker 4: We have talked a bit about how the Japanese, you know,

778
00:42:28,560 --> 00:42:31,200
Speaker 4: are the modern innovators of like no one does nobody

779
00:42:31,239 --> 00:42:34,680
Speaker 4: does it better than the Japanese when it comes to toilets.

780
00:42:34,760 --> 00:42:37,600
Speaker 4: So many options and opportunities to live in the lap

781
00:42:37,640 --> 00:42:40,400
Speaker 4: of luxury. Uh, when it comes to Japanese toilets. But

782
00:42:40,520 --> 00:42:44,400
Speaker 4: in the olden times, in I believe Japan and China,

783
00:42:45,440 --> 00:42:52,439
Speaker 4: they did actually use human waste as fertilizer. Yeah, there's

784
00:42:52,440 --> 00:42:55,279
Speaker 4: a word for it, yeah, yea yeah, no, But there's

785
00:42:55,280 --> 00:43:00,839
Speaker 4: another word for it, shimogo, which loosely translates to from

786
00:43:00,880 --> 00:43:02,120
Speaker 4: the bottom of a person.

787
00:43:02,719 --> 00:43:03,439
Speaker 2: Yeah.

788
00:43:03,480 --> 00:43:06,120
Speaker 1: And the reason flush toilets became a thing in Japan

789
00:43:06,200 --> 00:43:10,400
Speaker 1: at all is because eventually there was a law made

790
00:43:10,600 --> 00:43:14,759
Speaker 1: after World War Two that said you gotta stop using

791
00:43:14,840 --> 00:43:17,880
Speaker 1: night soil, even though it still happens in parts of

792
00:43:17,880 --> 00:43:19,760
Speaker 1: the Korean Peninsula, parts of China.

793
00:43:20,120 --> 00:43:23,400
Speaker 4: It's funny though, too, Ben, weren't we talking about in

794
00:43:23,520 --> 00:43:26,400
Speaker 4: the Middle Ages the night soil men. So this is

795
00:43:26,440 --> 00:43:29,520
Speaker 4: a term that is not exclusively you know, from from

796
00:43:29,600 --> 00:43:32,600
Speaker 4: the East. This is very much a you know, European

797
00:43:32,680 --> 00:43:33,800
Speaker 4: term as well.

798
00:43:34,200 --> 00:43:37,640
Speaker 1: Yeah, it's definitely a it's a common thing, right, It's

799
00:43:37,640 --> 00:43:42,120
Speaker 1: a lot of people solving a universal problem and it

800
00:43:42,160 --> 00:43:45,840
Speaker 1: has been such a journey. So the next time you

801
00:43:45,920 --> 00:43:49,480
Speaker 1: pull that lever, folks, give a big thanks to the

802
00:43:49,480 --> 00:43:53,439
Speaker 1: inventors of the past, the nightmen that they were, and

803
00:43:54,200 --> 00:43:57,000
Speaker 1: remember to close the lid. And So, Noel, what do

804
00:43:57,080 --> 00:44:01,399
Speaker 1: you think are we Are we flush this episode? Are

805
00:44:01,400 --> 00:44:03,760
Speaker 1: we did we miss any more poop puns?

806
00:44:04,520 --> 00:44:05,600
Speaker 2: We couldn't possibly have.

807
00:44:06,880 --> 00:44:08,359
Speaker 1: We really leaned into it.

808
00:44:08,520 --> 00:44:12,520
Speaker 2: Oh yeah, we nope, not going.

809
00:44:12,520 --> 00:44:14,879
Speaker 3: To where you're going.

810
00:44:15,480 --> 00:44:16,800
Speaker 2: Yeah, I'm just kiding.

811
00:44:17,080 --> 00:44:17,560
Speaker 3: We all got it.

812
00:44:17,640 --> 00:44:19,400
Speaker 2: Let's let the imagination. I don't know if I got

813
00:44:19,480 --> 00:44:23,000
Speaker 2: it prooping down you know that. See, that's the thing.

814
00:44:23,040 --> 00:44:27,280
Speaker 4: Poop is insidious, you know, both as a physical substance

815
00:44:27,680 --> 00:44:29,720
Speaker 4: and as a substance.

816
00:44:29,320 --> 00:44:29,840
Speaker 2: Of the mind.

817
00:44:30,280 --> 00:44:33,440
Speaker 1: Yes, yeah, and with that we want to thank everybody

818
00:44:33,560 --> 00:44:37,040
Speaker 1: as always for tuning in to the first of a

819
00:44:37,160 --> 00:44:40,759
Speaker 1: couple reunion episodes. We're going to have Casey. Thank you

820
00:44:40,920 --> 00:44:43,840
Speaker 1: so much, man, it's so good to see you. We,

821
00:44:44,360 --> 00:44:47,520
Speaker 1: like the rest of the Ridiculous Historians, are just huge

822
00:44:47,600 --> 00:44:51,919
Speaker 1: fans of yours, and we can't wait to journey into

823
00:44:52,080 --> 00:44:55,320
Speaker 1: another strange story which will be less poop related, we promise,

824
00:44:55,840 --> 00:44:57,560
Speaker 1: uh later on this week.

825
00:44:57,880 --> 00:44:58,560
Speaker 2: Let's see who else.

826
00:44:58,640 --> 00:44:58,719
Speaker 3: Oh.

827
00:44:58,880 --> 00:45:01,400
Speaker 1: Thanks also to white Pants Williams.

828
00:45:01,800 --> 00:45:03,719
Speaker 2: That's what he goes by. Now did you hear about

829
00:45:03,760 --> 00:45:06,160
Speaker 2: this case? I have not heard this. How did it work?

830
00:45:06,719 --> 00:45:09,480
Speaker 2: He texted us. He's like, I got to get these

831
00:45:09,520 --> 00:45:10,200
Speaker 2: white pants.

832
00:45:10,640 --> 00:45:14,640
Speaker 4: Yeah, we Labor Day half a suit. Okay, you know, uh,

833
00:45:15,320 --> 00:45:17,280
Speaker 4: it's it's in the back, it's in the past episodes.

834
00:45:17,320 --> 00:45:19,399
Speaker 4: But you know what, white pants don't take very well.

835
00:45:20,000 --> 00:45:23,600
Speaker 4: What's that poop in your pants? It's everyone knows.

836
00:45:24,040 --> 00:45:26,040
Speaker 2: It's a gambit for sure, you know what I mean.

837
00:45:26,280 --> 00:45:30,320
Speaker 1: And also thanks to Alex Williams who composed this slap

838
00:45:30,400 --> 00:45:32,880
Speaker 1: and bop uh white pants Williams.

839
00:45:32,960 --> 00:45:35,799
Speaker 4: Alex Williams, And it was apparently very all of these

840
00:45:35,840 --> 00:45:37,080
Speaker 4: people were all very continent.

841
00:45:37,880 --> 00:45:40,680
Speaker 1: Yes us, Yeah, I love that key and peel sketch

842
00:45:40,719 --> 00:45:45,279
Speaker 1: cottonenttal breakfast. It's just a genius. Yeah. Thanks also to

843
00:45:45,480 --> 00:45:50,800
Speaker 1: Jonathan Strickland, aka the quizt, who sends his regards. I

844
00:45:50,840 --> 00:45:54,000
Speaker 1: always I like that phrase, sends regards because you don't

845
00:45:54,080 --> 00:45:56,400
Speaker 1: know whether it's good or ominous.

846
00:45:56,760 --> 00:45:58,480
Speaker 2: It can be very ominous. I think it's all in

847
00:45:58,560 --> 00:45:58,919
Speaker 2: the tone.

848
00:45:59,120 --> 00:46:01,120
Speaker 3: It's a weird win in email when people say best

849
00:46:01,160 --> 00:46:02,920
Speaker 3: regards or regards or it's like.

850
00:46:02,960 --> 00:46:03,759
Speaker 1: I don't know what to do with that?

851
00:46:04,719 --> 00:46:06,120
Speaker 2: How do you feel about just best?

852
00:46:07,520 --> 00:46:11,240
Speaker 3: I mean, I don't do it. It's okay, It's.

853
00:46:12,719 --> 00:46:13,640
Speaker 1: It's a little formal.

854
00:46:13,960 --> 00:46:17,120
Speaker 2: Yeah, I would say my best wishes to you and yours.

855
00:46:17,440 --> 00:46:20,040
Speaker 3: Kind of a literary flourish, a little bit of a

856
00:46:20,080 --> 00:46:21,120
Speaker 3: flex publishing people.

857
00:46:21,200 --> 00:46:24,880
Speaker 1: Maybe immediate servant, your faithful servant.

858
00:46:25,280 --> 00:46:29,000
Speaker 4: How about capital thanks? Exclamation mark, exclamation mark, exclamation mark?

859
00:46:29,040 --> 00:46:29,839
Speaker 4: You guys loving that one?

860
00:46:29,960 --> 00:46:30,799
Speaker 2: That means you messed up.

861
00:46:30,960 --> 00:46:32,600
Speaker 3: Somebody's really mad at you to say that.

862
00:46:33,840 --> 00:46:36,160
Speaker 2: Yeah, I don't know. Lol, all good here.

863
00:46:37,280 --> 00:46:40,280
Speaker 1: Yeah. I still think it's better than ending with a quotation.

864
00:46:41,440 --> 00:46:44,560
Speaker 1: When I see emails that end with a quotation, I'm like, yeah, dude,

865
00:46:44,760 --> 00:46:49,319
Speaker 1: I also like words worth, but we're talking about how

866
00:46:49,560 --> 00:46:51,520
Speaker 1: how to schedule an admin meeting.

867
00:46:51,680 --> 00:46:53,760
Speaker 4: Well, how do you feel about quotations in a signature

868
00:46:53,800 --> 00:46:54,960
Speaker 4: file on an email?

869
00:46:56,360 --> 00:46:56,480
Speaker 3: Uh?

870
00:46:56,920 --> 00:46:58,880
Speaker 2: Not great, each their own. I mean it's like a

871
00:46:58,960 --> 00:47:00,479
Speaker 2: bumper sticker. Not great.

872
00:47:00,520 --> 00:47:02,560
Speaker 3: But if it's in the body that's deranged, oh, I

873
00:47:02,560 --> 00:47:03,640
Speaker 3: would never Who would do that?

874
00:47:03,880 --> 00:47:06,319
Speaker 4: Who's psychos are you dealing with, Ben that are ending

875
00:47:06,440 --> 00:47:09,480
Speaker 4: signing off emails with literary quotes? Yeah?

876
00:47:09,960 --> 00:47:10,799
Speaker 2: Run away, dude.

877
00:47:12,520 --> 00:47:16,319
Speaker 1: And we of course want to thank Christophrasiotis Eaves, Jeff

878
00:47:16,360 --> 00:47:20,120
Speaker 1: cot here in spirit, Gabe lose Yer, and thank you

879
00:47:20,440 --> 00:47:23,440
Speaker 1: to you, Noel, and and props to both of us.

880
00:47:23,640 --> 00:47:27,040
Speaker 2: Props all three of us for closing the lid. And

881
00:47:27,200 --> 00:47:30,120
Speaker 2: my best wishes in regards to you and your family

882
00:47:30,200 --> 00:47:30,600
Speaker 2: as well.

883
00:47:30,680 --> 00:47:33,440
Speaker 1: Benjamin, looking forward remember that one.

884
00:47:34,600 --> 00:47:35,680
Speaker 2: We'll see you next time. Folks.

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00:47:42,760 --> 00:47:46,520
Speaker 4: For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts,

886
00:47:46,640 --> 00:47:48,720
Speaker 4: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.