1 00:00:02,840 --> 00:00:06,880 Speaker 1: From Mediators World News headquarters in Bozeman, Montana. This is 2 00:00:06,960 --> 00:00:10,880 Speaker 1: Cal's we Can review, presented by Steel Steel products are 3 00:00:10,880 --> 00:00:14,680 Speaker 1: available only at authorized dealers. For more, go to Steel 4 00:00:14,760 --> 00:00:20,720 Speaker 1: Dealers dot com. Now here's your host, Ryan cal Callahan. 5 00:00:22,160 --> 00:00:26,360 Speaker 1: A fossilized poop is called the copper light. The individual 6 00:00:26,440 --> 00:00:30,960 Speaker 1: that produced that fossilized poop or copper light is its author. 7 00:00:31,640 --> 00:00:34,680 Speaker 1: That's a recap for you long time listeners. But this 8 00:00:34,800 --> 00:00:38,880 Speaker 1: go around, we aren't talking about whole rattlesnakes, and human poop, 9 00:00:39,080 --> 00:00:43,640 Speaker 1: which would be an anthropological discovery. We are talking about 10 00:00:43,720 --> 00:00:48,320 Speaker 1: a paleontological poop find. This time. The author is a 11 00:00:48,320 --> 00:00:52,160 Speaker 1: dinosaur called a style sorous, and what makes its pooh 12 00:00:52,520 --> 00:00:59,000 Speaker 1: so interesting is perfectly preserved inside are previously unknown beatles species. 13 00:00:59,560 --> 00:01:02,520 Speaker 1: As every everyone knows, one of the benefits to discovering 14 00:01:02,520 --> 00:01:05,440 Speaker 1: a species is you get to name it, and this 15 00:01:05,520 --> 00:01:10,640 Speaker 1: beetle's name is now tryam mixa copro Lithica, which is 16 00:01:10,640 --> 00:01:14,480 Speaker 1: funny to me because this ancient water beetle is now 17 00:01:14,560 --> 00:01:18,240 Speaker 1: being named after the fact that it was discovered in poop, 18 00:01:18,800 --> 00:01:22,240 Speaker 1: which brings to mind that old joke about the farmer who, 19 00:01:22,280 --> 00:01:26,000 Speaker 1: despite having done lots of good things, is now remembered 20 00:01:26,160 --> 00:01:29,560 Speaker 1: for the one bad thing he's done. Like this is 21 00:01:29,600 --> 00:01:32,760 Speaker 1: a water beetle that I am sure probably did something 22 00:01:32,840 --> 00:01:37,560 Speaker 1: cool swimming around in ancient ponds the neolithic ooze, But 23 00:01:37,680 --> 00:01:40,839 Speaker 1: that doesn't matter because it was eaten by a dinosaur 24 00:01:40,959 --> 00:01:45,520 Speaker 1: who excreted it, and that excrement calcified and mineralized into 25 00:01:45,520 --> 00:01:49,960 Speaker 1: a fossil. I guess I must be unlucky anyway. I 26 00:01:50,000 --> 00:01:53,920 Speaker 1: guess what I'm saying is, don't go dying in poop, kids, 27 00:01:54,400 --> 00:01:57,960 Speaker 1: No matter what else you accomplished during your hopefully long, 28 00:01:58,280 --> 00:02:02,480 Speaker 1: eventful life, that to all you'll be remembered for. Had 29 00:02:02,520 --> 00:02:06,520 Speaker 1: this beetle been found in a beautiful, almost transparent piece 30 00:02:06,520 --> 00:02:10,200 Speaker 1: of amber, which is fossilized tree sap, this beetle may 31 00:02:10,240 --> 00:02:14,000 Speaker 1: have had a classier sounding name and possibly had been 32 00:02:14,040 --> 00:02:18,119 Speaker 1: remembered in the ancient entomology world as something that did 33 00:02:18,160 --> 00:02:21,720 Speaker 1: more than wind up his poop. But animals encased in poop, 34 00:02:22,120 --> 00:02:25,320 Speaker 1: just like those trapped in amber, have a lot to 35 00:02:25,440 --> 00:02:28,919 Speaker 1: tell us. In fact, we can immediately tell more about 36 00:02:28,960 --> 00:02:33,040 Speaker 1: this animal story than those pretty transparent critters trapped in amber. 37 00:02:33,520 --> 00:02:36,840 Speaker 1: We know it was eaten and by what, which is 38 00:02:36,880 --> 00:02:41,240 Speaker 1: why recent developments in X ray scanning called synchrotron micro 39 00:02:41,320 --> 00:02:46,480 Speaker 1: tomography are so exciting. Scientists can now scan copper lights 40 00:02:46,720 --> 00:02:50,560 Speaker 1: and extract a three D image of what or who 41 00:02:50,639 --> 00:02:54,000 Speaker 1: is inside, which will answer all sorts of questions about 42 00:02:54,040 --> 00:02:57,240 Speaker 1: ancient food ladders, Who ate who and how did that 43 00:02:57,360 --> 00:03:01,120 Speaker 1: change or not change over time? Being preserved in amber 44 00:03:01,200 --> 00:03:04,400 Speaker 1: maybe a prettier fate, but copper lights can tell us 45 00:03:04,480 --> 00:03:08,880 Speaker 1: so much more. The best news from lead author Martin 46 00:03:09,080 --> 00:03:14,359 Speaker 1: Vanstrom is this, there's tons of data waiting to be scanned, 47 00:03:15,040 --> 00:03:18,480 Speaker 1: which you know, I mean he's talking about pooh, yes, science. 48 00:03:20,080 --> 00:03:24,280 Speaker 1: This week we've got drought, little big technology, relative speed, 49 00:03:24,520 --> 00:03:28,160 Speaker 1: bear attacks, and so much more. But first I'm going 50 00:03:28,240 --> 00:03:32,360 Speaker 1: to tell you about my week. And my week was 51 00:03:32,480 --> 00:03:35,440 Speaker 1: my first at home for a bit, which sounds anti climactic. 52 00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:38,760 Speaker 1: I did some camping, got my mom on the fly pole. 53 00:03:39,160 --> 00:03:41,400 Speaker 1: She got some rainbows and a brick trout and high 54 00:03:41,480 --> 00:03:44,600 Speaker 1: mountain streams. We cooked beef steaks on a flat top 55 00:03:44,640 --> 00:03:49,080 Speaker 1: skillet over the fire, gott an Independence Day barbecue and Livingston, Montana, 56 00:03:49,400 --> 00:03:53,520 Speaker 1: where quite mercifully, the heat dome broke. Temps dropped from 57 00:03:53,600 --> 00:03:56,640 Speaker 1: ninety degrees to sixty six and I was in bed 58 00:03:56,720 --> 00:04:00,960 Speaker 1: before the fireworks started in Earnest felt great. The kid 59 00:04:01,000 --> 00:04:06,760 Speaker 1: in me was disappointed, but the old man elated young people. 60 00:04:07,600 --> 00:04:10,120 Speaker 1: Now I'm prepping the head to a wedding in southern Utah. 61 00:04:10,560 --> 00:04:12,720 Speaker 1: You know the types of weddings where folks are like, 62 00:04:12,880 --> 00:04:16,760 Speaker 1: please come, we can't go on without you. Gotta make 63 00:04:16,800 --> 00:04:20,080 Speaker 1: it happen. Then when you commit an R s v P, 64 00:04:20,320 --> 00:04:23,920 Speaker 1: the couple is like, hey, great, saw that R s 65 00:04:24,000 --> 00:04:26,159 Speaker 1: v P. Do you think you could cook? Bring a 66 00:04:26,200 --> 00:04:29,719 Speaker 1: few things? R s v P is an abbreviation for 67 00:04:29,880 --> 00:04:35,080 Speaker 1: respond please, the American version anyway, So I guess what 68 00:04:35,120 --> 00:04:37,600 Speaker 1: I'm saying is I can add catering to my wedding. 69 00:04:37,640 --> 00:04:41,200 Speaker 1: Bona fides, best of luck, good wishes, and congrats calling 70 00:04:41,240 --> 00:04:43,360 Speaker 1: an abbey. I got to tell you about the call 71 00:04:43,440 --> 00:04:47,039 Speaker 1: on side of that equation. This guy. I met him 72 00:04:47,320 --> 00:04:51,039 Speaker 1: guiding up at Glacier Raft Company in West Glacier, Montana. 73 00:04:51,600 --> 00:04:54,120 Speaker 1: He's one of those folks that has like kind of 74 00:04:54,120 --> 00:04:57,880 Speaker 1: the caved in chest and I once saw another individual 75 00:04:58,040 --> 00:05:01,200 Speaker 1: pour a shot of alcohol into the hole in his 76 00:05:01,320 --> 00:05:05,960 Speaker 1: chest and drink out of it. But that's not the 77 00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:08,520 Speaker 1: only reason this guy is memorable and that I'm going 78 00:05:08,560 --> 00:05:12,680 Speaker 1: to his wedding. The other part is this guy is 79 00:05:13,279 --> 00:05:18,320 Speaker 1: laser focused, always has been on becoming a writer, not 80 00:05:18,440 --> 00:05:21,120 Speaker 1: just a writer, but a screenwriter. And he's been busting 81 00:05:21,160 --> 00:05:23,960 Speaker 1: his hump getting in anyway he can. He's got all 82 00:05:24,000 --> 00:05:28,840 Speaker 1: sorts of tales about the wild, sometimes incestuous world of filmmaking. 83 00:05:29,400 --> 00:05:34,000 Speaker 1: He's often been unemployed, but always focused. And it's quite 84 00:05:34,120 --> 00:05:37,719 Speaker 1: amazing to see. And one of his films, one of 85 00:05:37,760 --> 00:05:40,159 Speaker 1: his projects, rather, there's more than just him on. The 86 00:05:40,160 --> 00:05:44,800 Speaker 1: film is called Ted, and it's coming out. Neon Films 87 00:05:44,839 --> 00:05:49,120 Speaker 1: purchased it for distribution. And a little bit about Montana. 88 00:05:49,680 --> 00:05:52,640 Speaker 1: Ted Kazinski, you know, was captured here. The Uni Bomber 89 00:05:52,920 --> 00:05:57,559 Speaker 1: was captured in Lincoln, Montana, and Ted the film Ted 90 00:05:57,960 --> 00:06:00,680 Speaker 1: is about Ted Kazinski. Well, I mean, you're you're just 91 00:06:00,720 --> 00:06:02,960 Speaker 1: gonna have to see it. Not bad for an old, 92 00:06:02,960 --> 00:06:04,960 Speaker 1: dirty guy who let people drink shots out of his 93 00:06:05,000 --> 00:06:08,760 Speaker 1: caved in chest. If you're wondering about the food, I 94 00:06:08,880 --> 00:06:12,120 Speaker 1: briand and smoked tom turkey bone in breast and a 95 00:06:12,160 --> 00:06:16,239 Speaker 1: whole Canada goose. That goose fat could power a small army. 96 00:06:16,720 --> 00:06:20,159 Speaker 1: It is delicious and as white as the snow more 97 00:06:20,200 --> 00:06:23,400 Speaker 1: than likely converted silage corn. If I had to guess, 98 00:06:24,000 --> 00:06:26,280 Speaker 1: if folks like to refer to sandhill crane as the 99 00:06:26,360 --> 00:06:29,919 Speaker 1: ribby of the sky, maybe we can call Canada geese 100 00:06:29,960 --> 00:06:33,599 Speaker 1: the ethanol of the sky, or as it will be 101 00:06:33,640 --> 00:06:39,279 Speaker 1: in this case, wedding fuel. Moving on. The extreme drought 102 00:06:39,360 --> 00:06:42,080 Speaker 1: across the west shows no signs of letting up, and 103 00:06:42,080 --> 00:06:45,240 Speaker 1: we're seeing the effects in all kinds of ways. Our 104 00:06:45,320 --> 00:06:48,040 Speaker 1: first story might have come straight out of a Cormack 105 00:06:48,120 --> 00:06:52,560 Speaker 1: McCarthy novel. Droves of rattlesnakes have been moving into suburban 106 00:06:52,720 --> 00:06:57,400 Speaker 1: and urban environments across California to find shade and avoid overheating. 107 00:06:58,200 --> 00:07:02,080 Speaker 1: Len Ramirez of Ramira as Rattlesnake Removal told The Guardian 108 00:07:02,320 --> 00:07:04,839 Speaker 1: that his business in l A has been a booming. 109 00:07:05,400 --> 00:07:08,920 Speaker 1: He's been finding rattlesnakes under porches, around garden planners, and 110 00:07:09,000 --> 00:07:12,680 Speaker 1: in children's swing sets and jungle gyms. Ramirez started his 111 00:07:12,760 --> 00:07:15,280 Speaker 1: business in eighty five and says that this is the 112 00:07:15,360 --> 00:07:19,400 Speaker 1: highest concentration of snakes he's ever seen. At one house 113 00:07:19,760 --> 00:07:23,960 Speaker 1: he recently removed over sixty snakes. Watch your steps, people, 114 00:07:24,520 --> 00:07:29,320 Speaker 1: If it buzzes, don't pick it up. Next up here 115 00:07:29,320 --> 00:07:33,040 Speaker 1: in the home state. As I mentioned last week, we've 116 00:07:33,080 --> 00:07:36,600 Speaker 1: instituted so called hoot owl fishing closures from two pm 117 00:07:36,640 --> 00:07:40,200 Speaker 1: to midnight on portions of such notable trout streams as 118 00:07:40,280 --> 00:07:43,080 Speaker 1: the Beaverhead, the Smith, the Shields, Big Hole, Jefferson, and 119 00:07:43,120 --> 00:07:46,840 Speaker 1: the Sun. These restrictions limit the stress that angling puts 120 00:07:46,840 --> 00:07:50,600 Speaker 1: on vulnerable fish. Once water temperatures climb later in the day, 121 00:07:51,160 --> 00:07:54,280 Speaker 1: please check the Montana Fishing Game website or stop into 122 00:07:54,320 --> 00:07:57,800 Speaker 1: a fly shop or fishing retailer or bar next to 123 00:07:57,800 --> 00:08:00,880 Speaker 1: where the stream is before you fish. There will be 124 00:08:00,960 --> 00:08:05,560 Speaker 1: more river closures added to the list. Incidentally, the term 125 00:08:05,600 --> 00:08:09,440 Speaker 1: hoot owl comes from the logging industry. In dry periods, 126 00:08:09,480 --> 00:08:12,400 Speaker 1: loggers would limit work to early mornings when they could 127 00:08:12,400 --> 00:08:16,120 Speaker 1: still hear owls hooting, then knockoff later in the day 128 00:08:16,120 --> 00:08:18,960 Speaker 1: when there was less danger of their equipment starting fires. 129 00:08:20,000 --> 00:08:24,200 Speaker 1: Over to the Great State Idaho, water temperatures and the 130 00:08:24,200 --> 00:08:27,400 Speaker 1: snake and salmon rivers have climbed over seventy six degrees, 131 00:08:27,640 --> 00:08:31,520 Speaker 1: which can be lethal for salmon. In response, Idaho Fishing 132 00:08:31,560 --> 00:08:34,480 Speaker 1: Game has been trapping salmon and transporting them by a 133 00:08:34,520 --> 00:08:38,360 Speaker 1: truck to hatcheries to be artificially spawned. Some of these 134 00:08:38,400 --> 00:08:41,480 Speaker 1: fish are going to Redfish Lake in central Idaho, where 135 00:08:41,520 --> 00:08:46,160 Speaker 1: tempts are a lot cooler. In Nevada, the Department of 136 00:08:46,200 --> 00:08:50,880 Speaker 1: Wildlife has been transporting water by helicopter in unprecedented quantities 137 00:08:50,920 --> 00:08:54,760 Speaker 1: to help desert bighorn sheep. As natural water resources have 138 00:08:54,840 --> 00:08:57,480 Speaker 1: been drying up in the state, sheep and other wildlife 139 00:08:57,480 --> 00:08:59,920 Speaker 1: have come to depend more and more on man may 140 00:09:00,000 --> 00:09:03,640 Speaker 1: at water tanks known as guzzlers to stay hydrated. To 141 00:09:03,720 --> 00:09:07,440 Speaker 1: replenish the guzzler's shipping containers full of water are trucked 142 00:09:07,480 --> 00:09:11,199 Speaker 1: out to outlying parking lots. Then helicopters dip so called 143 00:09:11,320 --> 00:09:15,040 Speaker 1: Bambi buckets or two dred gallons soft sided containers and 144 00:09:15,160 --> 00:09:17,640 Speaker 1: fly out into the desert to drop the water off. 145 00:09:18,280 --> 00:09:20,760 Speaker 1: The choppers have been making dozens of trips a day 146 00:09:20,920 --> 00:09:23,200 Speaker 1: and delivering water at a rate of up to three 147 00:09:23,240 --> 00:09:27,520 Speaker 1: thousand gallons an hour. Even with this desert, big horn 148 00:09:27,600 --> 00:09:29,680 Speaker 1: numbers in the Valley of Fire State Park in the 149 00:09:29,720 --> 00:09:32,960 Speaker 1: southeastern part of the state are down at least ten 150 00:09:33,000 --> 00:09:38,160 Speaker 1: percent since last year. Nevada Game biologist Pat Cummings told reporters, quote, 151 00:09:38,440 --> 00:09:42,199 Speaker 1: We've had drought conditions before, but not anywhere near approaching 152 00:09:42,240 --> 00:09:47,880 Speaker 1: this magnitude, this scale of severity. Up in North Dakota, 153 00:09:47,960 --> 00:09:51,200 Speaker 1: the drought is hitting duck populations especially hard. The state 154 00:09:51,280 --> 00:09:54,679 Speaker 1: sought's fifth dry a spring on record this year, which 155 00:09:54,800 --> 00:10:00,480 Speaker 1: is especially strange after which was the sixth wedst or Ever, 156 00:10:01,360 --> 00:10:07,319 Speaker 1: one survey showed pond counts down from and six below 157 00:10:07,360 --> 00:10:10,959 Speaker 1: the long term average. Mallard numbers in North Dakota are 158 00:10:11,000 --> 00:10:17,360 Speaker 1: down almost from last year, the lowest level since. Although 159 00:10:17,480 --> 00:10:21,360 Speaker 1: Fall two one, duck hunting limits and seasons are already 160 00:10:21,400 --> 00:10:24,600 Speaker 1: set based on last year's surveys, which is how it works, 161 00:10:24,960 --> 00:10:28,760 Speaker 1: future seasons could see dramatic scaling back in response to 162 00:10:28,840 --> 00:10:31,760 Speaker 1: this year's conditions. That means Old Snort and I are 163 00:10:31,800 --> 00:10:34,120 Speaker 1: gonna have to work a little harder. But we're in 164 00:10:34,160 --> 00:10:38,640 Speaker 1: it for the hard work. Okay, this has been a 165 00:10:38,720 --> 00:10:41,360 Speaker 1: heavy series of updates, so we're gonna ease out of 166 00:10:41,400 --> 00:10:43,640 Speaker 1: our drought. Round up with, you know, like a super 167 00:10:43,720 --> 00:10:48,760 Speaker 1: cute story. A black bear, sow and cub were caught 168 00:10:48,800 --> 00:10:52,240 Speaker 1: on camera paddling around the backyard pool on the northern 169 00:10:52,360 --> 00:10:55,600 Speaker 1: edge of Glendale, Los Angeles, right on the border of 170 00:10:55,600 --> 00:10:59,760 Speaker 1: the Angeles National Forest. You know, city of angels. This 171 00:10:59,880 --> 00:11:02,120 Speaker 1: is very close to where the Bobcat fire burned in 172 00:11:03,080 --> 00:11:05,880 Speaker 1: and after almost no pre sip in April and May 173 00:11:05,880 --> 00:11:08,480 Speaker 1: of this year, l A County and surrounding areas have 174 00:11:08,640 --> 00:11:11,079 Speaker 1: been stuck in one of the most extreme droughts in 175 00:11:11,120 --> 00:11:14,600 Speaker 1: the regent's history. Animals have been seeking man made water 176 00:11:14,679 --> 00:11:19,400 Speaker 1: sources as streams and ponds dry up. This particular mama 177 00:11:19,480 --> 00:11:22,719 Speaker 1: and baby bear took to the pool on July three, 178 00:11:22,760 --> 00:11:25,520 Speaker 1: and in the video they look like they're having a 179 00:11:25,600 --> 00:11:30,199 Speaker 1: fantastic time. The cub makes a couple of playful bites 180 00:11:30,200 --> 00:11:33,360 Speaker 1: into Mom's neck, then paddles in a circle and bats 181 00:11:33,360 --> 00:11:39,640 Speaker 1: around the floating chlorine dispenser, just like nature intended improvise, adapt, 182 00:11:39,920 --> 00:11:47,839 Speaker 1: and overcome Mama bear. Moving on to the technology desk, 183 00:11:48,640 --> 00:11:52,520 Speaker 1: micro computers developed at the University of Michigan have recently 184 00:11:52,559 --> 00:11:55,960 Speaker 1: shed new light on how one particular species of snail 185 00:11:56,080 --> 00:12:01,800 Speaker 1: in Tahiti has managed to survive despite steep, slow moving odds. 186 00:12:02,520 --> 00:12:05,400 Speaker 1: Life has been rough for native South Pacific snails over 187 00:12:05,440 --> 00:12:09,760 Speaker 1: the last hundred years. First, the invasive African giant snail 188 00:12:09,880 --> 00:12:12,960 Speaker 1: was introduced to Polynesia by visiting ships in the early 189 00:12:13,000 --> 00:12:16,920 Speaker 1: twentieth century. The African giant has created havoc all over 190 00:12:16,960 --> 00:12:20,400 Speaker 1: the world, not only as a voracious eater that outcompetes 191 00:12:20,480 --> 00:12:23,880 Speaker 1: native snails, but also as a vector for diseases that 192 00:12:23,920 --> 00:12:27,520 Speaker 1: affect native flora and all kinds of crops. To control 193 00:12:27,600 --> 00:12:31,560 Speaker 1: the African giant snail, humans made a classic invasive species 194 00:12:31,600 --> 00:12:35,800 Speaker 1: blunder by importing an even more aggressive predator, in this case, 195 00:12:36,120 --> 00:12:40,320 Speaker 1: the rosy wolf snail. Rosy wolf is kind of like 196 00:12:40,400 --> 00:12:44,319 Speaker 1: the mullet of snails business upfront, party in the back. 197 00:12:46,360 --> 00:12:50,040 Speaker 1: At eight millimeters a second, this snail is fast and 198 00:12:50,080 --> 00:12:53,920 Speaker 1: equipped with a long toothed radula that extends from its 199 00:12:53,920 --> 00:12:57,840 Speaker 1: proboscis that it uses to kill and eat other snails. 200 00:12:58,480 --> 00:13:02,960 Speaker 1: Quick fun fact, the word radula is something that belongs 201 00:13:03,000 --> 00:13:06,199 Speaker 1: to the mollusks, sometimes referenced as a tongue. But your 202 00:13:06,200 --> 00:13:08,120 Speaker 1: tongue would have to have like a bunch of little 203 00:13:08,160 --> 00:13:11,959 Speaker 1: teeth on it that could cut or scrape things, kind 204 00:13:11,960 --> 00:13:15,880 Speaker 1: of like a cat's tongue. Anyway, the word proboscis can 205 00:13:15,920 --> 00:13:18,640 Speaker 1: be applied to all sorts of critters so long as 206 00:13:18,679 --> 00:13:22,240 Speaker 1: they have tubular mouth parts that protrude from their heads. 207 00:13:22,720 --> 00:13:26,120 Speaker 1: But you didn't know that of the rosy wolf's life 208 00:13:26,360 --> 00:13:29,360 Speaker 1: is spent on the slime trail of other snails and slugs. 209 00:13:29,880 --> 00:13:32,600 Speaker 1: Because of this, the rosy wolf, which is indigenous to 210 00:13:32,640 --> 00:13:35,640 Speaker 1: the southeast United States, is seen as a good thing 211 00:13:35,679 --> 00:13:38,840 Speaker 1: in gardens, but outside of its home states of Georgia 212 00:13:38,960 --> 00:13:42,880 Speaker 1: and Florida, it can do incredible damage. In Hawaii, the 213 00:13:43,000 --> 00:13:46,280 Speaker 1: rosy wolf is credited with the destruction of eight native 214 00:13:46,360 --> 00:13:50,160 Speaker 1: snail species. The rosy wolf is in the top one 215 00:13:50,280 --> 00:13:53,720 Speaker 1: hundred of the i U c NDS list of destructive 216 00:13:53,800 --> 00:13:57,840 Speaker 1: invasive species. So don't let anyone tell you snails are boring. 217 00:13:58,240 --> 00:14:02,040 Speaker 1: And if you're in Florida, you heard this right. One 218 00:14:02,080 --> 00:14:06,120 Speaker 1: of your native species is outside of the state duing destruction. 219 00:14:06,440 --> 00:14:09,640 Speaker 1: It's not somebody else's species coming to your state messing 220 00:14:09,760 --> 00:14:18,320 Speaker 1: things up. Well well, well, how the turntables. You can 221 00:14:18,400 --> 00:14:23,160 Speaker 1: raise a glass to that. But back to the South Pacific, predictably, 222 00:14:23,520 --> 00:14:26,720 Speaker 1: there was rampant snail on snail violence and almost all 223 00:14:26,720 --> 00:14:30,480 Speaker 1: the native gastropod species were killed off. But one notable 224 00:14:30,520 --> 00:14:34,600 Speaker 1: survivor has been Partula hi alena, a snail with a 225 00:14:34,720 --> 00:14:38,480 Speaker 1: bright white shell that is prized as decoration among Polynesian 226 00:14:38,520 --> 00:14:42,360 Speaker 1: indigenous groups. Scientists had long suspected that the white shell 227 00:14:42,600 --> 00:14:45,800 Speaker 1: had something to do with Hyalina's ability to hold its 228 00:14:45,840 --> 00:14:49,320 Speaker 1: own against the rosy wolf, but field technicians weren't able 229 00:14:49,360 --> 00:14:52,560 Speaker 1: to observe all these tiny snails and collect the information 230 00:14:52,640 --> 00:14:57,360 Speaker 1: necessary to test the hypothesis. This data collection became possible 231 00:14:57,480 --> 00:15:00,360 Speaker 1: when engineers at the University of Michigan. Bet you were 232 00:15:00,400 --> 00:15:02,600 Speaker 1: wondering when we're gonna get back to the University of Michigan, 233 00:15:02,640 --> 00:15:06,200 Speaker 1: Well here you are, developed the world's smallest computer, known 234 00:15:06,360 --> 00:15:10,360 Speaker 1: as the Michigan micro Mote or M three. The solar 235 00:15:10,400 --> 00:15:14,520 Speaker 1: powered M three's are one millimeter wide, meaning they fit 236 00:15:14,600 --> 00:15:17,040 Speaker 1: on the edge of a nickel with room to spare, 237 00:15:17,240 --> 00:15:20,400 Speaker 1: so biologists were able to glue them directly onto the 238 00:15:20,440 --> 00:15:25,600 Speaker 1: shells of the rosy wolf snail like teeny tiny go pros. Conversely, 239 00:15:25,880 --> 00:15:29,240 Speaker 1: the Michigan scientists couldn't affix the M three's directly to 240 00:15:29,280 --> 00:15:33,480 Speaker 1: the shells of the endangered and threatened Hyalina's for fear 241 00:15:33,520 --> 00:15:36,600 Speaker 1: of harming them, so instead they stuck the little units 242 00:15:36,600 --> 00:15:39,320 Speaker 1: on the leaves the snails were sitting on, which is 243 00:15:39,360 --> 00:15:42,080 Speaker 1: way better than those like go pro chest rigs. You 244 00:15:42,120 --> 00:15:44,680 Speaker 1: see all the dads in Yellowstone National Park around the 245 00:15:44,680 --> 00:15:51,280 Speaker 1: ski hill are shackled with best buddy Donald Duck old 246 00:15:51,440 --> 00:15:57,960 Speaker 1: silly with you anyway. The team was then able to 247 00:15:58,080 --> 00:16:01,480 Speaker 1: quantify the amount of sun radioation that each snail was 248 00:16:01,520 --> 00:16:04,720 Speaker 1: exposed to by measuring the light hitting the tiny computer 249 00:16:04,840 --> 00:16:09,600 Speaker 1: solar panel. It turns out that p. Hyalinus can withstand 250 00:16:09,840 --> 00:16:13,400 Speaker 1: vastly more sun exposure than the rosy wolf because their 251 00:16:13,400 --> 00:16:16,520 Speaker 1: white shell is able to deflect the sun's rays much 252 00:16:16,600 --> 00:16:19,760 Speaker 1: better than the darker brown shell of the predator snail. 253 00:16:20,480 --> 00:16:23,120 Speaker 1: So by sticking to leaves at the edge of the 254 00:16:23,120 --> 00:16:27,160 Speaker 1: forest canopy that get direct sunlight, Hyalinus were able to 255 00:16:27,200 --> 00:16:31,760 Speaker 1: evade their rosy wolf predators even at night. The rosy 256 00:16:31,800 --> 00:16:35,320 Speaker 1: wolf snails wouldn't venture out onto the exposed leaves because 257 00:16:35,360 --> 00:16:37,640 Speaker 1: they wouldn't be able to make it back to shade 258 00:16:37,760 --> 00:16:41,520 Speaker 1: once the sun rose turns out. Eight millimeters a second 259 00:16:41,640 --> 00:16:45,560 Speaker 1: is fast for snails, but still not that fast. Now 260 00:16:45,600 --> 00:16:47,960 Speaker 1: that the M three computers have been able to solve 261 00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:52,680 Speaker 1: this snail mystery, scientists are developing further applications to understand 262 00:16:52,800 --> 00:16:56,400 Speaker 1: other threats to tiny but important animals like honey bees 263 00:16:56,480 --> 00:17:00,040 Speaker 1: and monarch butterflies. What's that line about big things in 264 00:17:00,120 --> 00:17:05,840 Speaker 1: small packages anyway. Jumping over to the bare desk, a 265 00:17:06,000 --> 00:17:10,440 Speaker 1: sole brown bear attacked hiker Jason Embarko, biting him twice, 266 00:17:10,920 --> 00:17:13,200 Speaker 1: once on his arm and once on his shoulder after 267 00:17:13,240 --> 00:17:15,800 Speaker 1: he had jumped into the Kenai River in an attempt 268 00:17:15,800 --> 00:17:18,680 Speaker 1: to avoid the second bite, which you know didn't work 269 00:17:18,680 --> 00:17:22,440 Speaker 1: out well. The hiker is fine, and if I'm being honest, 270 00:17:22,640 --> 00:17:26,000 Speaker 1: the most notable part of this story is what every 271 00:17:26,119 --> 00:17:30,639 Speaker 1: dog owner or perspective dog owner should know and fear. 272 00:17:31,320 --> 00:17:35,280 Speaker 1: This poor guy's dog took off after the sow, then 273 00:17:35,400 --> 00:17:38,600 Speaker 1: turned around and ran back to him for safety, at 274 00:17:38,680 --> 00:17:41,480 Speaker 1: which point the sow did what every human and a 275 00:17:41,560 --> 00:17:45,240 Speaker 1: crowded park boat launch campground has wanted to do to 276 00:17:45,359 --> 00:17:50,119 Speaker 1: the owner of a misbehaving awfuleash dog. She bit him. 277 00:17:50,160 --> 00:17:52,600 Speaker 1: To be clear, I do not wish any harm to 278 00:17:52,640 --> 00:17:55,680 Speaker 1: the hiker or his dog. This could have been me 279 00:17:56,080 --> 00:17:58,400 Speaker 1: with the dogs of my past when they were puppies 280 00:17:58,400 --> 00:18:02,359 Speaker 1: and uncontrollable. Could still be me if Snort, who is 281 00:18:02,440 --> 00:18:05,560 Speaker 1: now one year old dog, decides to act, you know, 282 00:18:05,640 --> 00:18:07,480 Speaker 1: like a one year old dog instead of the wise 283 00:18:07,520 --> 00:18:13,000 Speaker 1: old soul she is. The scenario that played out on 284 00:18:13,040 --> 00:18:17,520 Speaker 1: the Kenai River last week was just that. A fourteen 285 00:18:17,560 --> 00:18:20,720 Speaker 1: week old border Collie puppy goes barking up to mom 286 00:18:20,720 --> 00:18:23,200 Speaker 1: and the kids, and you know, you know the rest. 287 00:18:23,760 --> 00:18:26,440 Speaker 1: If you, as a dog owner, go out into any space, 288 00:18:26,720 --> 00:18:30,240 Speaker 1: not even the wild ones, and do not have physical 289 00:18:30,520 --> 00:18:33,239 Speaker 1: or verbal control of your dog, you could get your 290 00:18:33,240 --> 00:18:37,119 Speaker 1: butt bit, possibly by an actual grizzly bear. Even worse, 291 00:18:37,200 --> 00:18:40,760 Speaker 1: that uncontrolled animal that is an actual extension of yourself 292 00:18:41,080 --> 00:18:43,840 Speaker 1: could get hurt, and then you know your real jackass. 293 00:18:44,480 --> 00:18:46,800 Speaker 1: First time I got charged by a grias I had 294 00:18:46,840 --> 00:18:49,600 Speaker 1: not one but two yellow labs with me. There were 295 00:18:49,600 --> 00:18:52,800 Speaker 1: sisters out of the same litter, Scout and Fish a 296 00:18:52,960 --> 00:18:55,920 Speaker 1: k a. The big Fish. I thought for sure one 297 00:18:55,920 --> 00:18:58,159 Speaker 1: of those dogs is gonna go all white fang and 298 00:18:58,200 --> 00:19:00,840 Speaker 1: try to defend me against the young South grizz and 299 00:19:00,880 --> 00:19:04,840 Speaker 1: in turn get me killed or crippled. Instead, the serious 300 00:19:04,840 --> 00:19:08,000 Speaker 1: bird dog training of don't move from that spot until 301 00:19:08,040 --> 00:19:11,480 Speaker 1: I tell you, I think saved our bacon. That sal 302 00:19:11,720 --> 00:19:14,800 Speaker 1: charged three times and was met with a solid wall 303 00:19:15,119 --> 00:19:19,120 Speaker 1: of small dog, medium person, big dog. That's Scout, cow, 304 00:19:19,400 --> 00:19:22,919 Speaker 1: big Fish if you're keeping track, I think she sized 305 00:19:23,000 --> 00:19:26,040 Speaker 1: us up and realized three as too many. She got 306 00:19:26,080 --> 00:19:29,040 Speaker 1: as close as nine ft. It was wild. I'll never 307 00:19:29,119 --> 00:19:31,359 Speaker 1: forget it. I had a can of bear spray and 308 00:19:31,400 --> 00:19:34,320 Speaker 1: a forty five on me. Didn't have the time or 309 00:19:34,440 --> 00:19:37,520 Speaker 1: mental capacity to think of either want as I was, 310 00:19:37,600 --> 00:19:40,359 Speaker 1: you know, balancing out the possibilities of vet bills due 311 00:19:40,400 --> 00:19:44,080 Speaker 1: to my actions. Worked out well that time, but who 312 00:19:44,080 --> 00:19:47,199 Speaker 1: knows what could happen next time. But back to our hiker. 313 00:19:47,960 --> 00:19:50,959 Speaker 1: After the bear attack, the puppy was nowhere to be found, 314 00:19:51,240 --> 00:19:54,040 Speaker 1: but a friendly member of the medical staff offered to 315 00:19:54,080 --> 00:19:59,040 Speaker 1: help while Embarko was recuperating in the hospital. Fortunately, Embarko's 316 00:19:59,119 --> 00:20:02,639 Speaker 1: luck hadn't and out, and the puppy was returned unharmed 317 00:20:02,680 --> 00:20:04,920 Speaker 1: after a few days in the bush, with the help 318 00:20:05,000 --> 00:20:09,400 Speaker 1: of a Facebook post and the community. Embargo had this 319 00:20:09,520 --> 00:20:13,159 Speaker 1: to say, I made some bad choices going down that trail, 320 00:20:13,520 --> 00:20:17,439 Speaker 1: so I'm just going to redouble being cautious. The summer 321 00:20:17,520 --> 00:20:20,959 Speaker 1: is moving forward, we're still camping, we're still hiking, and 322 00:20:21,000 --> 00:20:25,000 Speaker 1: we're just gonna go forward with a new understanding. I 323 00:20:25,080 --> 00:20:29,200 Speaker 1: believe in that quote he's speaking for both himself and 324 00:20:29,320 --> 00:20:34,080 Speaker 1: his now fifteen week old Border Collie puppy, Buckley. Wish 325 00:20:34,080 --> 00:20:37,800 Speaker 1: you too, great summer next up and back to the 326 00:20:37,840 --> 00:20:42,760 Speaker 1: state of Montana. Last week, a grizzly bear killed a 327 00:20:42,800 --> 00:20:47,399 Speaker 1: female camper in the town of Ovando, Montana. Ovando is 328 00:20:47,440 --> 00:20:50,280 Speaker 1: a cool little spot of roughly one hundred residents, just 329 00:20:50,400 --> 00:20:53,520 Speaker 1: off a Highway two hundred in the Blackfoot River. The 330 00:20:53,640 --> 00:20:57,520 Speaker 1: nearest big town would be Missoula or the state capital, Helena. 331 00:20:58,080 --> 00:21:01,639 Speaker 1: Ovando is in prime grizz country, sitting on the edge 332 00:21:01,680 --> 00:21:04,480 Speaker 1: of the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex as well as the 333 00:21:04,560 --> 00:21:08,760 Speaker 1: aforementioned Blackfoot Reportedly, the camper was part of a group 334 00:21:08,760 --> 00:21:11,760 Speaker 1: of cyclists camped on the grass behind the brand Bar 335 00:21:11,960 --> 00:21:15,800 Speaker 1: Museum and the post Office. Facts are unclear. It appears 336 00:21:15,800 --> 00:21:19,320 Speaker 1: that the attack happened somewhere between three and four am Tuesday, 337 00:21:19,359 --> 00:21:22,840 Speaker 1: the sixth of July. Another camper part of the victims 338 00:21:22,880 --> 00:21:25,919 Speaker 1: party was able to end the attack by using bear spray, 339 00:21:26,160 --> 00:21:29,480 Speaker 1: but the victim was not able to be resuscitated. What 340 00:21:29,600 --> 00:21:32,640 Speaker 1: we know so far is a grizzly bear was spotted 341 00:21:32,720 --> 00:21:35,800 Speaker 1: in camp or near the campsite about three am and 342 00:21:35,920 --> 00:21:39,840 Speaker 1: was hazed away. A grizz likely the same, was caught 343 00:21:39,920 --> 00:21:43,919 Speaker 1: on another property surveillance camera at three fIF am. It 344 00:21:44,040 --> 00:21:47,080 Speaker 1: is normal for grizzlies to be very near Ovando, Montana. 345 00:21:47,560 --> 00:21:50,879 Speaker 1: Even I would say occasionally wandering through town, but a 346 00:21:50,880 --> 00:21:54,040 Speaker 1: bear attacking a person and a campground full of people 347 00:21:54,520 --> 00:21:58,760 Speaker 1: is rare. But that's what happened at approximately three thirty 348 00:21:58,800 --> 00:22:03,160 Speaker 1: that morning. Ovando is a popular stopover point for cyclists 349 00:22:03,200 --> 00:22:07,240 Speaker 1: traveling the Great Divide Mountain bike Route, an increasingly popular 350 00:22:07,280 --> 00:22:10,760 Speaker 1: cycling adventure that, according to bike packing dot Com, is 351 00:22:11,200 --> 00:22:15,320 Speaker 1: the most recognized and important off pavement cycling route in 352 00:22:15,359 --> 00:22:19,440 Speaker 1: the US, if not the world. The route criss crosses 353 00:22:19,440 --> 00:22:23,320 Speaker 1: the Continental Divide from north to south, starting in Banff, Alberta, 354 00:22:23,520 --> 00:22:26,760 Speaker 1: and finishing at the US Mexico border and Antelope Wells, 355 00:22:26,840 --> 00:22:30,240 Speaker 1: New Mexico. Depending on what variation of the route, a 356 00:22:30,320 --> 00:22:34,040 Speaker 1: cyclist takes, a distance of two thousand, six hundred ninety 357 00:22:34,080 --> 00:22:37,000 Speaker 1: six miles could be covered with a total ascent of 358 00:22:37,080 --> 00:22:41,960 Speaker 1: one thousand, six hundred sixty four ft, which is uh, 359 00:22:42,160 --> 00:22:46,920 Speaker 1: let's say, like riding up five Mount Everest. Cyclists can 360 00:22:46,920 --> 00:22:49,719 Speaker 1: stay in town and grab you out at the Stray Bullet, 361 00:22:49,880 --> 00:22:52,480 Speaker 1: or spin up the hill to the semi famous Trixies. 362 00:22:52,760 --> 00:22:54,960 Speaker 1: A place that will always be near and dear to 363 00:22:55,000 --> 00:22:58,439 Speaker 1: my heart because I've had several bartenders take pity on 364 00:22:58,560 --> 00:23:01,760 Speaker 1: myself or myself and a buddy or two after we've 365 00:23:01,800 --> 00:23:05,639 Speaker 1: come in from hunting or fishing, cold, wet and late, 366 00:23:06,160 --> 00:23:09,879 Speaker 1: well passed food serving time. Yet they still offer to 367 00:23:09,920 --> 00:23:12,480 Speaker 1: reheat us some chili out of the pot. And that's 368 00:23:12,480 --> 00:23:14,640 Speaker 1: the way things are supposed to work. When you hear 369 00:23:14,840 --> 00:23:20,080 Speaker 1: your family anyway, The cycling traffic has increased over the years, 370 00:23:20,119 --> 00:23:23,560 Speaker 1: becoming a steadier and steadier stream of income and more 371 00:23:23,680 --> 00:23:27,000 Speaker 1: common occurrence to towns like ovandoh along the Great Divide 372 00:23:27,000 --> 00:23:30,760 Speaker 1: Mountain bike route. We know that busy, little or big 373 00:23:30,800 --> 00:23:34,639 Speaker 1: towns do not typically attract grizzly bears. We know that 374 00:23:34,840 --> 00:23:38,440 Speaker 1: unprovoked attacks of people in their tents at night are 375 00:23:38,560 --> 00:23:43,480 Speaker 1: highly uncommon, but we also know that predators do adjust 376 00:23:43,680 --> 00:23:48,640 Speaker 1: to changing migration patterns. Just throwing that out there. Montana Fish, 377 00:23:48,640 --> 00:23:51,480 Speaker 1: Wildlife and Parks officials collected DNA from the side of 378 00:23:51,480 --> 00:23:54,960 Speaker 1: the attack, which will be compared against any grizzlies cot 379 00:23:55,040 --> 00:23:58,480 Speaker 1: in the area. The suspected bear also broke into a 380 00:23:58,560 --> 00:24:02,639 Speaker 1: chicken coop, killing several chickens the same morning. Culvert traps 381 00:24:02,640 --> 00:24:04,960 Speaker 1: have been placed near the coope in hopes that the 382 00:24:04,960 --> 00:24:08,320 Speaker 1: bear returns to finish the chicken job to bear Air 383 00:24:08,760 --> 00:24:12,440 Speaker 1: also flew the area using thermal cameras in an attempt 384 00:24:12,440 --> 00:24:15,760 Speaker 1: to locate and kill the bear, which is estimated to 385 00:24:15,840 --> 00:24:19,640 Speaker 1: be a four hundred pound bore. I spoke with biologist 386 00:24:19,680 --> 00:24:22,359 Speaker 1: friend of mine who provided some age and weight data 387 00:24:22,400 --> 00:24:25,520 Speaker 1: for the region that suggests that a four hundred pound 388 00:24:25,600 --> 00:24:29,240 Speaker 1: bore would likely be five years old, but could be 389 00:24:29,359 --> 00:24:32,480 Speaker 1: as young as four years old, which, in my opinion, 390 00:24:32,720 --> 00:24:35,680 Speaker 1: if you want it, says that this bear has enough 391 00:24:35,720 --> 00:24:38,640 Speaker 1: knowledge under its belly to know what trouble looks like 392 00:24:38,800 --> 00:24:41,600 Speaker 1: and stay away from it. At the risk of getting 393 00:24:41,600 --> 00:24:44,359 Speaker 1: preachy here, I'm gonna say this, we are in a 394 00:24:44,480 --> 00:24:47,760 Speaker 1: dry season. Life has been very good for the predator 395 00:24:47,800 --> 00:24:52,879 Speaker 1: populations and the prey populations, but now it's dry. Water 396 00:24:52,960 --> 00:24:55,760 Speaker 1: sources are limited, food is limited, and there is a 397 00:24:55,760 --> 00:24:59,639 Speaker 1: lot of competition for both. Be on your a game 398 00:25:00,040 --> 00:25:05,159 Speaker 1: while in bear country. Stressed animals make unusual and unpredictable decisions. 399 00:25:05,600 --> 00:25:09,879 Speaker 1: Make noise, carry bear spray, have that handy. Be prepared. 400 00:25:10,520 --> 00:25:13,040 Speaker 1: If you want to carry a firearm, only do so 401 00:25:13,160 --> 00:25:16,040 Speaker 1: if you actually know how to use it. Practice and 402 00:25:16,119 --> 00:25:19,920 Speaker 1: be sure of your target and beyond. I preach bear 403 00:25:19,960 --> 00:25:23,760 Speaker 1: spray to people because people in general can hit something 404 00:25:23,800 --> 00:25:26,600 Speaker 1: with bear spray, not that many people can hit something 405 00:25:26,760 --> 00:25:30,240 Speaker 1: with a bullet. One last bit before we move on 406 00:25:30,400 --> 00:25:33,600 Speaker 1: from this story. You recall how I said the cyclists 407 00:25:33,600 --> 00:25:38,840 Speaker 1: were camped behind the post office and the Brand Bar Museum. Well, 408 00:25:38,960 --> 00:25:42,000 Speaker 1: the brand Bar, as you may have guessed, wasn't always 409 00:25:42,040 --> 00:25:45,639 Speaker 1: a museum, but it wasn't always the brand Bar either. 410 00:25:46,359 --> 00:25:51,840 Speaker 1: Back in the original owner operators Charlie Young and Henry Dixon, 411 00:25:52,359 --> 00:25:56,959 Speaker 1: named it the Bucket of Blood Saloon. Now you have 412 00:25:57,040 --> 00:26:00,800 Speaker 1: to wonder if the establishment had held onto a former name, 413 00:26:01,240 --> 00:26:04,200 Speaker 1: the Bucket of Blood Saloon, would it get so many 414 00:26:04,280 --> 00:26:07,960 Speaker 1: campers today. That's all I've got for you this week. 415 00:26:08,040 --> 00:26:11,360 Speaker 1: Thank you so much for listening. Remember we're getting towards 416 00:26:11,480 --> 00:26:15,200 Speaker 1: hurting season. You probably need a sharp implement in your truck, 417 00:26:15,520 --> 00:26:20,160 Speaker 1: such as like a nice felling acts or a battery operated, clean, quiet, 418 00:26:20,520 --> 00:26:26,560 Speaker 1: powerful steel chainsaw. Check out www dot steel Dealers dot 419 00:26:26,600 --> 00:26:30,320 Speaker 1: com to find a knowledgeable steel dealer near you. They'll 420 00:26:30,359 --> 00:26:35,760 Speaker 1: help you out, to help me out, and last but 421 00:26:35,800 --> 00:26:38,120 Speaker 1: not least, let me know what's going on in your 422 00:26:38,160 --> 00:26:40,760 Speaker 1: neck of the woods by writing in to a s K, 423 00:26:41,040 --> 00:26:44,480 Speaker 1: C a L that's asked cal at the meat eater 424 00:26:44,720 --> 00:26:47,760 Speaker 1: dot com. Thanks again and I'll talk to you next week.