1
00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:06,480
Speaker 1: Hi, I'm Eves and welcome to this Day in History Class,

2
00:00:07,120 --> 00:00:09,959
Speaker 1: a show that on covers a little bit more about history.

3
00:00:10,480 --> 00:00:25,959
Speaker 1: Every day. Today is January nineteen. The day was January

4
00:00:25,640 --> 00:00:31,440
Speaker 1: twenty one, nineteen nineteen. The Doyle errand or Assembly of

5
00:00:31,480 --> 00:00:34,680
Speaker 1: Ireland met at the Mansion House in Dublin as the

6
00:00:34,720 --> 00:00:39,519
Speaker 1: parliament of the revolutionary Irish Republic. At the meeting, the

7
00:00:39,600 --> 00:00:43,760
Speaker 1: first Doyle declared independence from Britain. This is how their

8
00:00:43,760 --> 00:00:47,440
Speaker 1: message to the free nations of the world began. The

9
00:00:47,560 --> 00:00:52,040
Speaker 1: Nation of Ireland, having proclaimed her national independence, calls through

10
00:00:52,040 --> 00:00:55,960
Speaker 1: her elected representatives in Parliament, assembled in the Irish capital

11
00:00:56,080 --> 00:01:00,760
Speaker 1: on January one, nineteen nineteen, upon every free nation to

12
00:01:00,800 --> 00:01:05,120
Speaker 1: support the Irish Republic by recognizing Ireland's national status and

13
00:01:05,319 --> 00:01:10,319
Speaker 1: her right to its vindication. At the Peace Congress, they

14
00:01:10,360 --> 00:01:13,520
Speaker 1: read the entirety of this message, along with the declaration

15
00:01:13,560 --> 00:01:16,720
Speaker 1: of independence and a democratic program at the First Meeting

16
00:01:16,760 --> 00:01:21,759
Speaker 1: of the Doyle. That same day, Irish volunteers Sean Tracy,

17
00:01:22,080 --> 00:01:26,679
Speaker 1: Shamus Robinson, Sean Hogan and Dan Breen led an ambush

18
00:01:26,680 --> 00:01:31,160
Speaker 1: in Salo had Big in County Tipperary. The band of

19
00:01:31,240 --> 00:01:36,040
Speaker 1: volunteers shot and killed two royal Irish Constabulary officers Patrick

20
00:01:36,080 --> 00:01:40,400
Speaker 1: O'Connell and James McDonald. The officers have been escorting a

21
00:01:40,480 --> 00:01:43,880
Speaker 1: cart full of explosives which the volunteers took along with

22
00:01:43,920 --> 00:01:47,920
Speaker 1: the officers weapons. The volunteers had acted on their own accord.

23
00:01:48,320 --> 00:01:52,480
Speaker 1: The volunteer Chief of Staff, Richard mccahee even condemned the act,

24
00:01:53,480 --> 00:01:56,560
Speaker 1: but Dan Breen later claimed that killing the police and

25
00:01:56,640 --> 00:02:02,320
Speaker 1: taking their weapons was necessary to start a war. Though

26
00:02:02,360 --> 00:02:04,880
Speaker 1: there have been plenty of conflict leading up to this point,

27
00:02:05,400 --> 00:02:08,280
Speaker 1: this day is widely considered the start of the Irish

28
00:02:08,320 --> 00:02:13,200
Speaker 1: War of Independence. So how did the conflict escalate to

29
00:02:13,240 --> 00:02:17,320
Speaker 1: this point. Great Britain united with Ireland in eighteen o

30
00:02:17,440 --> 00:02:20,400
Speaker 1: one under the Act of Union. That meant that Ireland

31
00:02:20,440 --> 00:02:24,640
Speaker 1: no longer had a Parliament in Dublin. Throughout the eighteen hundreds,

32
00:02:24,760 --> 00:02:27,280
Speaker 1: the demand for Home Rule grew, though it did have

33
00:02:27,360 --> 00:02:31,760
Speaker 1: its opponents. Protestants in the North were especially against Home Rule,

34
00:02:32,480 --> 00:02:35,320
Speaker 1: but in nineteen twelve, the Prime Minister of the United

35
00:02:35,400 --> 00:02:38,960
Speaker 1: Kingdom introduced the Third Home Rule Bill, which would allow

36
00:02:39,040 --> 00:02:44,560
Speaker 1: autonomy for Ireland within the British Empire. It became the

37
00:02:44,639 --> 00:02:47,480
Speaker 1: Home Rule Act of nineteen fourteen, but it was suspended

38
00:02:47,520 --> 00:02:51,600
Speaker 1: because of the First World War, some Irish nationalists were

39
00:02:51,639 --> 00:02:55,200
Speaker 1: optimistic about home rule, but by the late nineteenth century

40
00:02:55,720 --> 00:03:00,400
Speaker 1: many nationalists were eager for self government. Too many world

41
00:03:00,440 --> 00:03:05,360
Speaker 1: just wasn't enough. Ireland needed total independence, so the Irish

42
00:03:05,360 --> 00:03:10,240
Speaker 1: Republican Brotherhood, an organization dedicated to establishing an independent, democratic

43
00:03:10,280 --> 00:03:15,440
Speaker 1: republic in Ireland, began planning the Easter Rising. On April

44
00:03:16,280 --> 00:03:20,360
Speaker 1: nineteen sixteen, thousands of rebels, including members of the Irish

45
00:03:20,400 --> 00:03:24,960
Speaker 1: Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army, strategically sees key places

46
00:03:24,960 --> 00:03:29,840
Speaker 1: in Dublin. Patrick Pierce, a leader of the uprising, read

47
00:03:29,880 --> 00:03:33,720
Speaker 1: the Easter Proclamation outside the post office, saying that Ireland

48
00:03:33,800 --> 00:03:36,840
Speaker 1: was an independent republic that it had a provisional government.

49
00:03:37,880 --> 00:03:41,400
Speaker 1: Over the next six days, hundreds of people died, more

50
00:03:41,440 --> 00:03:44,080
Speaker 1: than two thousand others were injured, and a lot of

51
00:03:44,120 --> 00:03:48,800
Speaker 1: the city was destroyed. The British government sent him forces

52
00:03:48,840 --> 00:03:53,040
Speaker 1: to quell the uprising. The Easter Rising was not effective,

53
00:03:53,680 --> 00:03:58,160
Speaker 1: at least not at first. Initially, the consensus among Irish

54
00:03:58,160 --> 00:04:00,800
Speaker 1: people was that the Easter Rising had just been too

55
00:04:00,840 --> 00:04:05,400
Speaker 1: bloody and devastating, but folks resented the British response even more.

56
00:04:06,000 --> 00:04:09,160
Speaker 1: They had arrested thousands of people, since thousands more to

57
00:04:09,200 --> 00:04:12,720
Speaker 1: prison without a chial and executed leaders of the insurrection

58
00:04:13,840 --> 00:04:17,279
Speaker 1: discussed it by British troops actions After the uprising and

59
00:04:17,440 --> 00:04:21,000
Speaker 1: the establishment of a military draft in Ireland in nineteen eighteen,

60
00:04:21,960 --> 00:04:25,160
Speaker 1: more people became completely resistant to any sort of British

61
00:04:25,240 --> 00:04:29,600
Speaker 1: rule in Ireland. In the British general election in December

62
00:04:29,720 --> 00:04:34,800
Speaker 1: nineteen eighteen, shen Fayne, an Irish nationalist political party, gained

63
00:04:34,839 --> 00:04:36,840
Speaker 1: ground when it won seventy three out of the one

64
00:04:36,880 --> 00:04:41,080
Speaker 1: hundred and five parliamentary seats. To add insult to injury,

65
00:04:41,440 --> 00:04:44,039
Speaker 1: the shen Fame members all refused to sit in the

66
00:04:44,160 --> 00:04:47,719
Speaker 1: UK Parliament in Westminster and instead met in his own

67
00:04:47,760 --> 00:04:51,280
Speaker 1: parliament in Dublin, the Doyle errand which you've already been

68
00:04:51,320 --> 00:04:57,000
Speaker 1: introduced to. In early nineteen nineteen, the Irish Republican Army formed,

69
00:04:57,320 --> 00:05:00,880
Speaker 1: drawing members from the Irish Volunteers in Irish Citizen's Army

70
00:05:01,360 --> 00:05:05,279
Speaker 1: and became the Army of the New Republic. World War

71
00:05:05,360 --> 00:05:09,039
Speaker 1: One had ended, but the IRA was launching a guerrilla

72
00:05:09,080 --> 00:05:14,080
Speaker 1: war against Britain. Deadly battles between the IRA, Royal Irish

73
00:05:14,120 --> 00:05:17,480
Speaker 1: Constabulary and Black and Tans and suit as the IRA

74
00:05:17,480 --> 00:05:20,719
Speaker 1: attempted to drive the British out of Ireland and the

75
00:05:20,800 --> 00:05:26,880
Speaker 1: British attempted to stop the rebellion. Bloody Sunday was a

76
00:05:26,880 --> 00:05:30,440
Speaker 1: grossly brutal day of violence when the IRA killed British

77
00:05:30,480 --> 00:05:33,920
Speaker 1: intelligence officers in the r C and Black and Tans

78
00:05:34,040 --> 00:05:37,719
Speaker 1: retaliated by firing into a crowd at a football match.

79
00:05:38,720 --> 00:05:41,440
Speaker 1: The UK Parliament passed the Government of Ireland Act in

80
00:05:41,520 --> 00:05:45,880
Speaker 1: nineteen twenty, intending to create two home rule jurisdictions in Ireland,

81
00:05:46,360 --> 00:05:49,840
Speaker 1: one in Northern Ireland and one in Southern Ireland. A

82
00:05:49,920 --> 00:05:53,960
Speaker 1: parliament was established in Northern Ireland, but Chinfei continued to

83
00:05:54,000 --> 00:05:59,240
Speaker 1: protest and the IRA perpetrated more violence, so on July eleven,

84
00:05:59,400 --> 00:06:04,120
Speaker 1: ninety one, the IRA in British signed of Truth, and

85
00:06:04,200 --> 00:06:08,320
Speaker 1: in December the Anglo Irish Treaty established the Irish Free State,

86
00:06:08,720 --> 00:06:13,200
Speaker 1: which would still be within the British Commonwealth. Ulster or

87
00:06:13,240 --> 00:06:16,320
Speaker 1: six of Ireland's northern counties opted out in state with

88
00:06:16,360 --> 00:06:21,360
Speaker 1: the United Kingdom. It would take until nineteen for Ireland

89
00:06:21,440 --> 00:06:26,200
Speaker 1: to be officially declared a republic. I'm Eve step Cookee

90
00:06:26,720 --> 00:06:29,880
Speaker 1: and hopefully you know a little more about history today

91
00:06:30,000 --> 00:06:33,440
Speaker 1: than you did yesterday. You can subscribe to This Day

92
00:06:33,600 --> 00:06:36,840
Speaker 1: History Class on Apple Podcasts, the I Heart Radio app,

93
00:06:37,160 --> 00:06:40,640
Speaker 1: or wherever you get your podcasts. Thanks to producer Chandler

94
00:06:40,680 --> 00:06:43,600
Speaker 1: Maze for all his audio work. We'll see you tomorrow.