WEBVTT - Selects: The Case of Sacco and Vanzetti

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<v Speaker 1>How toy everybody.

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<v Speaker 2>This is Chuck here the Stuff You Should Know Podcast,

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<v Speaker 2>and it is Saturday. It's actually Wednesday in my real

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<v Speaker 2>time world, but in the future it will be Saturday

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<v Speaker 2>when you're listening to this, because it is my charge

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<v Speaker 2>to deliver it to you. A classic Stuff you Should

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<v Speaker 2>Know episode handpicked and curated by yours truly, and this

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<v Speaker 2>week we're going with a pretty good history up from

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<v Speaker 2>March twenty nineteen, the case of Seco and ven Zette.

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Stuff you Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio.

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<v Speaker 3>Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, and

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<v Speaker 3>there's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, and there's guest producer Josh

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<v Speaker 3>over there. So you put the three of us together there,

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<v Speaker 3>and we're gonna get a little true crime history on

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<v Speaker 3>you with the trial of Sacco and Benzetti.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, these guys, I mean a little backstory on I

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<v Speaker 2>guess the time. We're talking about the nineteen twenties in

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<v Speaker 2>the United States. We're talking about two gentlemen that were

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<v Speaker 2>both anarchists, that were both Italian immigrants and both supposedly

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<v Speaker 2>followers of this really notable anarchist named Luigi Galliani. Who

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<v Speaker 2>this guy was sort of an anarchist leader. He put

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<v Speaker 2>out anarchist rag he was called for violence. He has

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<v Speaker 2>a history of authorizing like bombings, assassination attempts, like really

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<v Speaker 2>tough stuff. And so this is who supposedly Saco and

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<v Speaker 2>Vinzetti were, you know, I guess by association advocating advocating sure,

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<v Speaker 2>advocating for this type of violence them as immigrant anarchists.

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<v Speaker 3>Do you remember in our anarchism episode, Like during this period,

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<v Speaker 3>in like a ten year period, anarchists assassinated like five

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<v Speaker 3>or six major heads of state around the world, including

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<v Speaker 3>McKinley in the United States. It was a big deal.

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<v Speaker 3>And I mean there was also a struggle going on

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<v Speaker 3>for the soul of America. Where we're going to be socialists,

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<v Speaker 3>where we're going to be capitalists? Should we just go

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<v Speaker 3>with anarchism. There was a lot of a lot of

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<v Speaker 3>debate over you know, which which economy we should go with,

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<v Speaker 3>or what what politics we should go with, And there

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<v Speaker 3>was something of a red scare because communism was on

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<v Speaker 3>the table too. There was a red scare at the

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<v Speaker 3>time too. So it wasn't like the kind of time

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<v Speaker 3>you would walk around like, yeah, I'm an anarchist, now

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<v Speaker 3>get on board, you know. But and at the same time,

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<v Speaker 3>if you weren't an anarchist, you're probably scared of our

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<v Speaker 3>anarchists because they would bomb stuff and they were well

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<v Speaker 3>known for it too.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah.

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<v Speaker 2>So I mean this is not just the United States.

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<v Speaker 2>Like all over the world there were political radicals that

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<v Speaker 2>was violence from anarchy and riots, and like you said,

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<v Speaker 2>people trying to take down like politicians or judges that

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<v Speaker 2>were deporting, at least in the United States, deporting immigrant

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<v Speaker 2>anarchists back to their home countries like as quickly as

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<v Speaker 2>they could root them out.

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<v Speaker 1>Basically.

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<v Speaker 2>So this is sort of the stage in the early

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<v Speaker 2>nineteen twenties. And I guess we should hop in the

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<v Speaker 2>way Back machine.

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<v Speaker 1>Oh yes, let's and head on over to bast In Town. Okay,

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<v Speaker 1>that's Boston by the way.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, no, I know, Okay, it doesn't matter if I know.

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<v Speaker 3>Just make sure the way Back Machine knows.

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<v Speaker 1>Oh, the way Back Machine knows it can read my

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<v Speaker 1>silly accents.

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<v Speaker 3>So here we are. It's nineteen twenty around Boston. And

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<v Speaker 3>actually we're not in Boston proper. We're about ten miles

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<v Speaker 3>south in a little town of Braintree, Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>Which is these days would be Boston proper, so I

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<v Speaker 1>mean you know more.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, yeah, it's like the metro Boston area. Right. And

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<v Speaker 3>Braintree was known as a shoe manufacturing center. It had

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<v Speaker 3>more than one shoe company, which meant it was a

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<v Speaker 3>shoe manufacturing center. And on this particular day in April

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<v Speaker 3>of nineteen twenty, I think it was April fifteenth, right, correct,

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<v Speaker 3>In Braintree, there was a dude named Shelley Neil who

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<v Speaker 3>was an agent for the American Express Company. And the

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<v Speaker 3>function I got of Shelley Neil was that he would

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<v Speaker 3>he was kind of like a Brinks armed guard.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, a courier for money.

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<v Speaker 3>And not just some money, like a lot of money.

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<v Speaker 3>On this day, from the nine eighteen AM train from Boston,

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<v Speaker 3>Shelley Neil went to the brain Tree, the brain Tree

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<v Speaker 3>train depot and picked up thirty thousand dollars thirty grand

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<v Speaker 3>in cash, which is about four hundred and twenty seven

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<v Speaker 3>thousand dollars in twenty eighteen money.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, he did this every week.

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<v Speaker 3>Right. He picked it up, and he took it back

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<v Speaker 3>to his office, and he opened up a metal box

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<v Speaker 3>and inside had two canvas bags and each was the

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<v Speaker 3>payroll for one of the two shoe companies that he

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<v Speaker 3>picked up money for, one of which was called Slater

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<v Speaker 3>and Morel. I'm not sure what the other one was.

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<v Speaker 3>Maybe it was three K. Definitely Slater and Morell it

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<v Speaker 3>was one of them.

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<v Speaker 1>The other was New Balance.

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<v Speaker 3>Okay, yes, so Slater and Morell and New Balance were

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<v Speaker 3>the ones whose payroll he had on him that day.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, And it's it's so amazing how that stuff used

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<v Speaker 2>to work back then, Like how payroll was just so

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<v Speaker 2>lo fi. It would literally be a huge amount of

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<v Speaker 2>cash delivered it in a box that he would take

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<v Speaker 2>to an office and someone would sit there and stuff

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<v Speaker 2>cash into envelopes to then go to like a factory

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<v Speaker 2>to pay off employees, not pay off, but.

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<v Speaker 1>To pay right to pay them. There they're legit check

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<v Speaker 1>from working.

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<v Speaker 3>You didn't see nothing right this week.

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<v Speaker 2>This is for all the shoe leather. So that's how

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<v Speaker 2>it worked back then. And so this is what he

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<v Speaker 2>was doing. It's just like any other Thursday. However, on

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<v Speaker 2>this day, as he went in, he noticed a car

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<v Speaker 2>out front that he had not seen before, this big

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<v Speaker 2>car that had like these little curtains on the inside

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<v Speaker 2>windows that were pulled shut and other people in Braintree

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<v Speaker 2>later on would report seeing that car kind of tooling around,

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<v Speaker 2>and they said, it looks like it's got like four

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<v Speaker 2>or five men inside that look Italian and they're just

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<v Speaker 2>sort of driving around brain Tree, which I guess to

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<v Speaker 2>raise some suspicions.

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<v Speaker 3>Sure, because again, if you were Italian, you may have

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<v Speaker 3>been associated with anarchists who were associated with bomb throwing.

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<v Speaker 3>So four or five of them kind of aimlessly driving

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<v Speaker 3>around the town a brain Tree, this little tiny town,

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<v Speaker 3>I'm sure aroused some suspicions, and definitely did because there

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<v Speaker 3>were a lot of people who later on said that

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<v Speaker 3>they saw this car driving around between nine am and

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<v Speaker 3>twelve pm.

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<v Speaker 2>That's right, so about three that afternoon. Here's what happened next.

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<v Speaker 2>For payroll, these people had to get these envelopes, so

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<v Speaker 2>what's known as a paymaster. And this is also sort

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<v Speaker 2>of part of the arm guard thing because the paymaster

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<v Speaker 2>a has a gun and then has a guard with

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<v Speaker 2>a gun. This guy's name was Freddie Parminter and the

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<v Speaker 2>guard was Alessandro Erredelli. And so they stop by, they

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<v Speaker 2>pick up all these envelopes. They're going down to the factory.

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<v Speaker 2>They're going to pay everybody, and all of a sudden,

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<v Speaker 2>bam bam, bam bam, gunfire and mayhem ensues.

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<v Speaker 3>I didn't realize there's going to be special effects in

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<v Speaker 3>this episode, So you did, man, it has been brought it.

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<v Speaker 3>So these guys are on Pearl Street and when these

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<v Speaker 3>shots suddenly just ring out and the first guy's hit,

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<v Speaker 3>Barredelli's hit and he goes down. I believe it was

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<v Speaker 3>Barredelli who was hit first. Oh no, he wasn't hit.

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<v Speaker 3>It was Parmenter who was hit. Barredelli is on the

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<v Speaker 3>ground and he has lost his gun, and he's being

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<v Speaker 3>approached by a man with a gun on him, and

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<v Speaker 3>Barredelli apparently has begged for his life to no avail.

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<v Speaker 3>The man shoots him in the chest at least once,

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<v Speaker 3>and the bullet punctures his lungs, one of his major

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<v Speaker 3>arteries to his heart, and then lodges itself and its

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<v Speaker 3>hip to be fished out later on by a corner

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<v Speaker 3>and used in the case against Ssacho and van z Eddie.

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<v Speaker 3>The other guy, parman or the paymaster, he gets hit

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<v Speaker 3>a few times, staggers across the street and collapses. And

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<v Speaker 3>this car, a blue touring car, which is you know,

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<v Speaker 3>a big sedan that you would think of today like

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<v Speaker 3>a touring. We'll call it a Lincoln town car, even

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<v Speaker 3>though it's not at all what it was. That blue

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<v Speaker 3>car that had been seen driving around right, Okay, that's

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<v Speaker 3>another way to put it. It was abu. Yeah, but

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<v Speaker 3>the same one that had been seen driving slowly around

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<v Speaker 3>Braintree all morning suddenly pulls up and the guys who

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<v Speaker 3>had shot these two men and taken the money about

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<v Speaker 3>fifteen thousand dollars hopped in and that drove off and

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<v Speaker 3>everyone lost sight of it.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and very importantly, the man who shot Baradelli had

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<v Speaker 2>a hat a felt cap on, right, So just remember

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<v Speaker 2>that little fact. There were eyewitnesses all over the place.

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<v Speaker 2>It's not like no one saw this happen. Like dozens

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<v Speaker 2>of people saw this.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, it was a daring daylight robbery at three o'clock

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<v Speaker 3>in the afternoon.

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<v Speaker 2>Daring do right man named Jimmy Bostock was one of

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<v Speaker 2>the witnesses. Apparently, Bearadelli like died in his arms, and

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<v Speaker 2>like all people in the nineteen twenties didn't know any better,

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<v Speaker 2>he immediately started messing with a crime scene, started picking

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<v Speaker 2>up gun shells.

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<v Speaker 1>Another guy came.

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<v Speaker 2>By and picked up the hat, and you know, they

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<v Speaker 2>just didn't know any better at the time, I.

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<v Speaker 3>Guess, right, So this crime scene has been totally messed up.

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<v Speaker 3>But the cops show up because again, this is a

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<v Speaker 3>big deal. This is a small town and something close

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<v Speaker 3>to two hundred and twenty thousand dollars has just been

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<v Speaker 3>stolen and two men murdered for it in this little,

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<v Speaker 3>tiny town. So it's a big deal. And the cops

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<v Speaker 3>showed up, and probably the first thing they said was anarchists.

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<v Speaker 3>Maybe I'll bet that's kind of what they would say,

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<v Speaker 3>I think at the time.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, should we take a break?

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<v Speaker 3>Geez?

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<v Speaker 1>Okay already, yeah, I think so.

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<v Speaker 2>I mean this falls into uh acts and that's definitely

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<v Speaker 2>act one. Okay, all right, so dead men in the street.

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<v Speaker 2>The cops are on the scene.

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<v Speaker 4>Message and and scene and shot.

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<v Speaker 3>Shot? Is it and scene or end scene?

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<v Speaker 1>Chuck, We've talked about this a lot. And scene.

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<v Speaker 3>En scene? Nope, because it makes sense, you know, you

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<v Speaker 3>do in the.

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<v Speaker 1>Scene, right, So by saying and scene.

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<v Speaker 3>So the cops had shown up, they're investigating the place.

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<v Speaker 3>They're not really finding anything aside from what the witnesses

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<v Speaker 3>have already kind of gathered up and are now holding

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<v Speaker 3>out to them in their outstretched palms, like, here's your evidence, Copper.

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<v Speaker 1>But the.

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<v Speaker 3>Cars searched for all over and it's not found. It

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<v Speaker 3>just totally disappears for a couple of days, and it

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<v Speaker 3>turns up a couple of days later in the woods,

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<v Speaker 3>I believe, south of Braintree, in a place called Bridgewater,

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<v Speaker 3>which is a little even further south from Boston. I

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<v Speaker 3>think it's another like ten or so miles down south

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<v Speaker 3>from Braintree, right.

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<v Speaker 2>I think Bridgewater only had seven dunkin Donuts, so it

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<v Speaker 2>was a small town, right.

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<v Speaker 3>And so remember when I said the cops were probably

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<v Speaker 3>like anarchists. I knew it. There was another daylight robbery

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<v Speaker 3>of payroll, and I found somewhere that it said it

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<v Speaker 3>was successful. I found somewhere else that it was unsuccessful.

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<v Speaker 3>But both of them agreed there had been no loss

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<v Speaker 3>of life whatsoever. But it was similar enough, and it

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<v Speaker 3>had happened like two years or a year before. It

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<v Speaker 3>was similar enough that the cops immediately thought of the

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<v Speaker 3>people they'd been thinking of for this, for this earlier crime.

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<v Speaker 3>They thought, this is clearly the work of the same people.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, And when they found this car in the woods.

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<v Speaker 2>Very importantly, the license plates had been ripped off, and

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<v Speaker 2>there were other tire tracks nearby, so it seemed pretty

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<v Speaker 2>obvious that, you know, they ditched this car get in

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<v Speaker 2>another one. The officer on the scene said, Maddie, I

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<v Speaker 2>think this is a car from the brain Tree meta.

0:13:50.679 --> 0:13:55.160
<v Speaker 3>All I can think of is Jeremy Renner in the town. Sure,

0:13:55.360 --> 0:13:57.240
<v Speaker 3>that's that's what I think of when I think Boston.

0:13:57.440 --> 0:14:03.600
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, everyone thinks of that. So another thing's going on

0:14:03.720 --> 0:14:06.800
<v Speaker 2>in parallel, so we need to set this up. Also,

0:14:07.120 --> 0:14:10.200
<v Speaker 2>on April fifteenth, which is the day of those maritas,

0:14:11.480 --> 0:14:16.839
<v Speaker 2>there was a guy named Ferruccio Cocchi and he lived

0:14:16.880 --> 0:14:17.559
<v Speaker 2>in Bridgewater.

0:14:17.800 --> 0:14:18.839
<v Speaker 1>He was an anarchist.

0:14:19.080 --> 0:14:22.520
<v Speaker 2>He was being deported, so he quits his job, you know,

0:14:22.600 --> 0:14:25.680
<v Speaker 2>to be deported, does not show up to be deported.

0:14:26.600 --> 0:14:29.680
<v Speaker 2>He calls the Immigration service after that on the sixteenth

0:14:29.760 --> 0:14:32.320
<v Speaker 2>and said, uh, you know, my wife is as sick

0:14:32.360 --> 0:14:33.520
<v Speaker 2>and so I have to tend to her.

0:14:34.080 --> 0:14:37.520
<v Speaker 1>And they said, am I going to get in trouble

0:14:37.520 --> 0:14:38.000
<v Speaker 1>for that? Now?

0:14:38.240 --> 0:14:40.680
<v Speaker 3>No, you won't coet control. Everybody loves your Italian accent.

0:14:40.720 --> 0:14:42.560
<v Speaker 1>Please tell me you can still do an Italian accent.

0:14:42.640 --> 0:14:45.200
<v Speaker 3>Right, I think, so we're going to find out after

0:14:45.240 --> 0:14:46.600
<v Speaker 3>this episode.

0:14:47.600 --> 0:14:48.840
<v Speaker 1>Because I'm just doing the accent.

0:14:49.320 --> 0:14:52.120
<v Speaker 2>Sure, not saying like they're all mobsters, because like, you know,

0:14:52.440 --> 0:14:54.120
<v Speaker 2>the Sopranos got in trouble for that.

0:14:55.200 --> 0:14:59.440
<v Speaker 3>Oh yeah, did they did they say all Italians are mobsters?

0:14:59.560 --> 0:15:01.640
<v Speaker 2>No, but I mean I remember there just being hay

0:15:01.760 --> 0:15:04.760
<v Speaker 2>about from the Italian American community, like why is it

0:15:04.800 --> 0:15:06.640
<v Speaker 2>every time in movies were just mobsters.

0:15:07.120 --> 0:15:10.280
<v Speaker 3>Oh I could see that, you know, sure, I mean

0:15:10.280 --> 0:15:12.920
<v Speaker 3>I could see them. Yeah, but these aren't even mobster now.

0:15:12.880 --> 0:15:13.800
<v Speaker 1>They're anarchists.

0:15:14.040 --> 0:15:14.240
<v Speaker 3>Right.

0:15:14.760 --> 0:15:17.560
<v Speaker 2>So he's being deported, he doesn't go. He calls them

0:15:17.560 --> 0:15:20.120
<v Speaker 2>and says, my wife is sick, and they said, fine,

0:15:20.600 --> 0:15:22.800
<v Speaker 2>we're going to check out your story. Though they found

0:15:22.840 --> 0:15:25.720
<v Speaker 2>that his wife was not sick, and that all of

0:15:25.760 --> 0:15:28.320
<v Speaker 2>a sudden he's saying, okay, it's fine. Actually I'm really

0:15:28.360 --> 0:15:29.680
<v Speaker 2>ready to go, Like now.

0:15:29.920 --> 0:15:31.800
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, come on, come on, can you get.

0:15:31.680 --> 0:15:33.720
<v Speaker 2>Me out of the country quickly? And they're like, well,

0:15:33.760 --> 0:15:35.960
<v Speaker 2>you should probably like leave some money with your wife.

0:15:35.960 --> 0:15:37.000
<v Speaker 2>He's like, no, no, no, she's good.

0:15:37.720 --> 0:15:38.200
<v Speaker 3>Let's just go.

0:15:38.520 --> 0:15:40.320
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, And so they're like, hmm, all right, this is

0:15:40.320 --> 0:15:43.480
<v Speaker 1>a little odd, So maybe he's involved.

0:15:44.240 --> 0:15:46.240
<v Speaker 3>Can I can. I paint the scene a little bit, though.

0:15:46.240 --> 0:15:48.360
<v Speaker 3>I want to go back over and highlight two things

0:15:48.400 --> 0:15:51.360
<v Speaker 3>that you've mentioned so far. Sure, One, this is a

0:15:51.440 --> 0:15:55.040
<v Speaker 3>time where to cover up a crime, all you had

0:15:55.080 --> 0:15:57.440
<v Speaker 3>to do was remove the license plates on the car

0:15:57.480 --> 0:16:00.680
<v Speaker 3>you ditched. That was it. You just confounded the forever.

0:16:00.960 --> 0:16:01.800
<v Speaker 1>Well, that helped.

0:16:02.360 --> 0:16:06.080
<v Speaker 3>And then secondly, if you were to be deported, all

0:16:06.080 --> 0:16:07.680
<v Speaker 3>you had to do is not show up, but then

0:16:07.720 --> 0:16:09.920
<v Speaker 3>call him the next day and say your wife was sick,

0:16:09.960 --> 0:16:14.440
<v Speaker 3>and Immigration and Naturalization would say, sure, no problem.

0:16:14.160 --> 0:16:16.400
<v Speaker 1>Well no were they investigated immediately.

0:16:17.280 --> 0:16:20.760
<v Speaker 3>Okay, But I'm just saying, like this is things have changed, attack,

0:16:21.000 --> 0:16:22.720
<v Speaker 3>I think, is what I'm trying to say. Hold on,

0:16:22.800 --> 0:16:24.480
<v Speaker 3>let me let me see, Josh, what are you say

0:16:24.480 --> 0:16:27.000
<v Speaker 3>You're trying to say that, Yeah, I'm trying to say that. Okay, Yes,

0:16:27.080 --> 0:16:28.760
<v Speaker 3>that's exactly what I'm trying to say.

0:16:29.600 --> 0:16:32.040
<v Speaker 2>It's weird because you looked on both of your shoulders

0:16:32.040 --> 0:16:33.200
<v Speaker 2>at the devil and the angel.

0:16:34.800 --> 0:16:37.880
<v Speaker 3>They won't shut up, Chuck, so.

0:16:39.760 --> 0:16:43.080
<v Speaker 2>They summarize, you know, it's all coming together. This guy's

0:16:43.120 --> 0:16:46.160
<v Speaker 2>acting weird. Well, he's also sixteenth.

0:16:46.240 --> 0:16:48.600
<v Speaker 3>He's also took one of those people that they liked

0:16:48.640 --> 0:16:51.800
<v Speaker 3>for that that robbery the year before, which is one

0:16:51.800 --> 0:16:54.440
<v Speaker 3>of the reasons why they they had their intent up

0:16:54.440 --> 0:16:55.680
<v Speaker 3>about this guy in the first place.

0:16:56.120 --> 0:16:57.640
<v Speaker 1>Right, so he's a suspect.

0:16:58.360 --> 0:17:03.880
<v Speaker 2>The co ops go to specifically, Michael Stewart, police chief, said,

0:17:03.880 --> 0:17:05.720
<v Speaker 2>I'm going to go back to his house. I'm going

0:17:05.760 --> 0:17:07.520
<v Speaker 2>to see what else I can find out from this guy.

0:17:08.080 --> 0:17:11.240
<v Speaker 2>He shows up and there's a dude there named Mike Boda.

0:17:11.600 --> 0:17:13.320
<v Speaker 2>He says, yeah, sure, you can look around. You can

0:17:13.320 --> 0:17:15.720
<v Speaker 2>look in the house, go back and look in the garage.

0:17:16.359 --> 0:17:19.879
<v Speaker 2>Two car garage shed, no problem. I usually have my

0:17:20.000 --> 0:17:22.119
<v Speaker 2>car there. It's an Overland, but it's in the shop

0:17:22.800 --> 0:17:26.600
<v Speaker 2>getting repaired. And Stewart goes out there and it's like,

0:17:26.640 --> 0:17:29.240
<v Speaker 2>all right, so here's where the Overland parks. But there's

0:17:29.280 --> 0:17:33.240
<v Speaker 2>some really big tire tracks next to the Overland and

0:17:33.320 --> 0:17:36.400
<v Speaker 2>the second stall that looked like they would probably fit

0:17:36.480 --> 0:17:39.480
<v Speaker 2>this large buick that was so mysteriously kind of tooling

0:17:39.560 --> 0:17:41.560
<v Speaker 2>around around the time of this murder.

0:17:41.560 --> 0:17:47.159
<v Speaker 3>Right, and this cop Stuart goes, hmm, I'm going to

0:17:47.200 --> 0:17:49.560
<v Speaker 3>make a mental note of that, and that's what he did.

0:17:51.680 --> 0:17:55.119
<v Speaker 3>He asked about the other car. I don't know if

0:17:55.119 --> 0:17:57.480
<v Speaker 3>you said, Boda said, that his other car was at

0:17:57.480 --> 0:18:02.159
<v Speaker 3>the garage being repaired. Correct, So so Stuart, who's the

0:18:02.200 --> 0:18:04.200
<v Speaker 3>police chief of Bridge Order. I think I get the

0:18:04.240 --> 0:18:06.320
<v Speaker 3>impression that was kind of new. There was another one

0:18:06.320 --> 0:18:09.120
<v Speaker 3>who kind of factors into this case tangentially later on,

0:18:10.280 --> 0:18:12.080
<v Speaker 3>who is the former police chief. So I get the

0:18:12.320 --> 0:18:15.840
<v Speaker 3>impression that Michael Stewart was fairly new, but he's investigating

0:18:15.920 --> 0:18:19.080
<v Speaker 3>this case. He likes Kowachi. He's now met Mike Boda,

0:18:19.119 --> 0:18:22.080
<v Speaker 3>who is suspicious of too. He goes back to talk

0:18:22.160 --> 0:18:25.080
<v Speaker 3>to Boda some more to this place where Koachi lived

0:18:25.960 --> 0:18:28.840
<v Speaker 3>as Boda's roommate, I guess away from his wife and kids.

0:18:28.840 --> 0:18:31.000
<v Speaker 3>I'm not sure why Kowachi was running this place.

0:18:31.040 --> 0:18:32.280
<v Speaker 1>Are we going with Kai? Now?

0:18:32.880 --> 0:18:34.760
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, I'm pretty sure that's it. I took Italian in

0:18:34.800 --> 0:18:37.080
<v Speaker 3>college and I'm almost one hundred percent sure it's Kowachi.

0:18:37.160 --> 0:18:37.400
<v Speaker 1>Okay.

0:18:37.920 --> 0:18:40.679
<v Speaker 3>Do you remember from our Dyslexi episode where Italian is

0:18:40.720 --> 0:18:44.840
<v Speaker 3>extremely easy to learn because there's just very few ways

0:18:44.880 --> 0:18:48.639
<v Speaker 3>to write things, to write the phone memes. One of

0:18:48.640 --> 0:18:50.720
<v Speaker 3>the reasons it is easy is because it's kind of

0:18:50.760 --> 0:18:54.760
<v Speaker 3>like Polish. It's in most cases it's actually easier than Polish,

0:18:54.880 --> 0:18:57.760
<v Speaker 3>but it's pronounced just like it's spelled, except for the

0:18:57.760 --> 0:19:02.880
<v Speaker 3>ci as a sound. Okay, so kowa chi okay, okay,

0:19:02.920 --> 0:19:05.600
<v Speaker 3>all right, that was your Italian lesson.

0:19:06.160 --> 0:19:08.160
<v Speaker 1>I appreciate that after all these years.

0:19:08.240 --> 0:19:12.080
<v Speaker 3>The other little ushuck. Not all Italians or Italian Americans

0:19:12.160 --> 0:19:15.800
<v Speaker 3>or mobsters. That's your other Italian lesson. No, okay, So.

0:19:16.119 --> 0:19:19.000
<v Speaker 2>I've known a bunch of Italians Italian Americans and none

0:19:19.040 --> 0:19:20.000
<v Speaker 2>of them were mobsters.

0:19:20.359 --> 0:19:26.160
<v Speaker 3>Damn, there you go. So police Chief Stewart goes back

0:19:26.200 --> 0:19:29.280
<v Speaker 3>to talk to Boda, and things get really suspicious too,

0:19:29.359 --> 0:19:32.679
<v Speaker 3>don't they, Because he shows up and knocks on the

0:19:32.720 --> 0:19:36.080
<v Speaker 3>door and the door just swings open onto an empty apartment.

0:19:37.240 --> 0:19:41.960
<v Speaker 3>And Stuart spends about fifteen minutes going Bda, mister Bona, Hello,

0:19:42.080 --> 0:19:44.399
<v Speaker 3>mister Boda, and he finally takes a couple of steps

0:19:44.400 --> 0:19:46.240
<v Speaker 3>in and realizes Boda's gone.

0:19:46.640 --> 0:19:47.120
<v Speaker 1>That's right.

0:19:47.240 --> 0:19:50.160
<v Speaker 2>So he he goes by the garage where the guy

0:19:50.200 --> 0:19:53.720
<v Speaker 2>said that his car was in the shop, goes over there.

0:19:53.800 --> 0:19:56.040
<v Speaker 2>The car is still there, so that checked out, and

0:19:56.160 --> 0:19:58.720
<v Speaker 2>he told the owner his name was Simon Johnson. He said, hey,

0:19:59.080 --> 0:20:02.280
<v Speaker 2>if anyone comes to get this car, just give us

0:20:02.320 --> 0:20:06.400
<v Speaker 2>a call. And the guy says, mental note, call cops

0:20:06.480 --> 0:20:07.680
<v Speaker 2>if someone comes.

0:20:07.480 --> 0:20:08.160
<v Speaker 1>To get this car.

0:20:08.640 --> 0:20:09.320
<v Speaker 3>Jeremy Renner.

0:20:10.400 --> 0:20:13.159
<v Speaker 2>So on May fifth, this is what. A couple of

0:20:13.160 --> 0:20:16.679
<v Speaker 2>weeks later, a man comes to the door and this

0:20:16.800 --> 0:20:19.159
<v Speaker 2>is it. I believe this is it says nine o'clock.

0:20:19.200 --> 0:20:20.560
<v Speaker 2>But that's at night, right.

0:20:21.000 --> 0:20:24.080
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, I couldn't tell it first, and then it feels

0:20:24.080 --> 0:20:27.040
<v Speaker 3>like night. Yeah. It says also that the wife is

0:20:27.960 --> 0:20:31.160
<v Speaker 3>illuminated by a motorcycle headlights. Yeah, I guess at night.

0:20:31.240 --> 0:20:33.280
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, all right, so it's and let's it's very dark

0:20:33.320 --> 0:20:36.360
<v Speaker 2>in the morning, right, So at nine o'clock at night,

0:20:36.640 --> 0:20:41.880
<v Speaker 2>this guy shows up to the owners of the garage's door,

0:20:42.760 --> 0:20:46.840
<v Speaker 2>knocks on the door. His young wife answers. The guy

0:20:46.880 --> 0:20:49.479
<v Speaker 2>says that he's Mike Boda. I'm here to pick up

0:20:49.480 --> 0:20:54.440
<v Speaker 2>my car that ovaland over there, and the owner of

0:20:54.440 --> 0:20:56.280
<v Speaker 2>the garage comes and tells his wife, and he says,

0:20:56.359 --> 0:20:58.600
<v Speaker 2>go call the police. You know, we don't have a phone.

0:20:58.760 --> 0:21:01.159
<v Speaker 2>Go next door, call the cops. She leaves out the

0:21:01.160 --> 0:21:03.840
<v Speaker 2>back door and is caught, Like you said, there's this

0:21:03.920 --> 0:21:07.440
<v Speaker 2>motorcycle sitting outside. She also sees with a side car,

0:21:07.840 --> 0:21:11.000
<v Speaker 2>also sees a couple of guys that she said were

0:21:11.000 --> 0:21:14.440
<v Speaker 2>speaking Italian kind of hanging around. So it's all sort

0:21:14.440 --> 0:21:17.359
<v Speaker 2>of adding up at this point to something fishy.

0:21:18.200 --> 0:21:24.800
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, so I guess the fact that that Simon Johnson,

0:21:24.840 --> 0:21:28.800
<v Speaker 3>the shop owner or the mechanic was stalling made Boda

0:21:28.800 --> 0:21:33.120
<v Speaker 3>a little uneasy. Sure, so he took off without the car, right.

0:21:33.920 --> 0:21:36.560
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, he jumped in the sidecar and was out of there.

0:21:37.000 --> 0:21:40.640
<v Speaker 3>Okay, here's where things get super critical. For a pair

0:21:40.680 --> 0:21:45.240
<v Speaker 3>of guys named Saco and Vanzetti, there were two other

0:21:44.880 --> 0:21:47.879
<v Speaker 3>those two other guys that Ruth Johnson, Simon Johnson, the

0:21:47.920 --> 0:21:53.040
<v Speaker 3>mechanic's wife said she saw hanging out waiting for Mike

0:21:53.080 --> 0:21:56.600
<v Speaker 3>Boda to get his car. They split two. Now they're

0:21:56.600 --> 0:21:59.680
<v Speaker 3>suddenly like on foot. There's no motorcycle or car for them,

0:22:00.040 --> 0:22:01.920
<v Speaker 3>so they have to leave on foot. So they walk

0:22:01.960 --> 0:22:06.439
<v Speaker 3>over toward the direction of the Bridgewater rail line, and

0:22:06.480 --> 0:22:08.440
<v Speaker 3>she says that she saw them get on the train

0:22:08.560 --> 0:22:12.560
<v Speaker 3>or at least go toward the train station or another railcar.

0:22:12.680 --> 0:22:14.200
<v Speaker 3>So I think it might have been like a street

0:22:14.200 --> 0:22:19.760
<v Speaker 3>car kind of thing. So somehow Chief Stewart gets word

0:22:19.800 --> 0:22:22.960
<v Speaker 3>of this. I think he shows up. He gets word

0:22:22.960 --> 0:22:27.159
<v Speaker 3>of this, and he calls the police chief in the

0:22:27.200 --> 0:22:30.600
<v Speaker 3>next town over in Brockton and says, hey, there's going

0:22:30.680 --> 0:22:33.280
<v Speaker 3>to be a pair of Italian guys on the street

0:22:33.320 --> 0:22:37.240
<v Speaker 3>car when the streetcar stops and or the railcar stops

0:22:37.240 --> 0:22:40.920
<v Speaker 3>in your town. Get them. They are wanted for questioning

0:22:40.960 --> 0:22:44.600
<v Speaker 3>in a murder robbery. And so the Brockton police board

0:22:44.640 --> 0:22:47.280
<v Speaker 3>the train when it arrives in Brockton, and there are

0:22:47.320 --> 0:22:50.240
<v Speaker 3>two Italian men sitting there. And the two men's names

0:22:50.240 --> 0:22:55.159
<v Speaker 3>were Nicolasaco and Bartolomeo Venzetti, and they just happen to

0:22:55.200 --> 0:22:57.959
<v Speaker 3>be Italian, and they just happen to be anarchists, and

0:22:58.000 --> 0:23:00.440
<v Speaker 3>they both happen to be strapped when the cop came

0:23:00.480 --> 0:23:03.520
<v Speaker 3>on the rail car and started asking them questions.

0:23:03.920 --> 0:23:08.159
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, Saco had a thirty two cult and Van City

0:23:08.280 --> 0:23:13.920
<v Speaker 2>had a thirty eight Harrington and Richardson, which very uniquely

0:23:14.080 --> 0:23:15.720
<v Speaker 2>had five.

0:23:17.400 --> 0:23:18.919
<v Speaker 1>Chambers instead of six.

0:23:19.520 --> 0:23:21.600
<v Speaker 3>It's very unusual, seems unique.

0:23:21.680 --> 0:23:23.320
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, yeah, I don't even know how that works.

0:23:23.320 --> 0:23:25.840
<v Speaker 2>I would have to see this kind of revolver because

0:23:25.880 --> 0:23:28.160
<v Speaker 2>six is a nice even number for a round thing.

0:23:28.240 --> 0:23:29.880
<v Speaker 1>I don't get it.

0:23:29.920 --> 0:23:32.400
<v Speaker 3>But yeah, no one ever says like, don't point that

0:23:32.440 --> 0:23:36.679
<v Speaker 3>five shooter at me. It's always six shooter, you know. Yeah,

0:23:37.320 --> 0:23:39.920
<v Speaker 3>that's weird, although maybe maybe a five shooters what they're

0:23:39.920 --> 0:23:41.760
<v Speaker 3>talking about when they call it a pea shooter.

0:23:42.280 --> 0:23:43.280
<v Speaker 1>No, let's not what they mean.

0:23:43.320 --> 0:23:45.679
<v Speaker 2>But it was the nineteen twenties and there were all

0:23:45.760 --> 0:23:46.879
<v Speaker 2>kinds of weird guns back.

0:23:46.720 --> 0:23:52.480
<v Speaker 3>Then, right, Okay, So these two Italian immigrants who were

0:23:52.520 --> 0:23:56.720
<v Speaker 3>anarchists and who were carrying guns had one other big problem.

0:23:57.240 --> 0:24:02.200
<v Speaker 3>They were giving some pretty weak and ever evolving stories

0:24:03.080 --> 0:24:05.920
<v Speaker 3>an answer to the questions that the cops are asking them.

0:24:06.160 --> 0:24:08.439
<v Speaker 3>They get hauled into the police station I believe in

0:24:08.480 --> 0:24:12.080
<v Speaker 3>Bridgewater or Braintree. Do you know which one it was?

0:24:12.480 --> 0:24:14.560
<v Speaker 3>I think it was. I think it was Braintree. Actually

0:24:14.560 --> 0:24:17.320
<v Speaker 3>they got taken to Braintree because it was Stuart who

0:24:17.359 --> 0:24:20.280
<v Speaker 3>was investigating them. So they get taken to Braintree and

0:24:20.440 --> 0:24:24.760
<v Speaker 3>police Chief Stewart questions them. But then so too does

0:24:24.880 --> 0:24:30.480
<v Speaker 3>the chief prosecutor for the area, a guy named Frederick Katzman,

0:24:30.720 --> 0:24:33.560
<v Speaker 3>who would play an enormous role in this case as well.

0:24:34.119 --> 0:24:37.000
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, so he was the DA and I think the

0:24:37.119 --> 0:24:40.560
<v Speaker 2>key fact that really sold him was he found out

0:24:40.600 --> 0:24:42.679
<v Speaker 2>that on April fifteenth, on the day of these murders,

0:24:42.720 --> 0:24:46.560
<v Speaker 2>Sokka was not at work at the three K shoe factory,

0:24:47.560 --> 0:24:51.399
<v Speaker 2>and he said, you know what, that's enough for me.

0:24:51.960 --> 0:24:54.960
<v Speaker 2>We have no real evidence or anything else, but you

0:24:55.080 --> 0:25:00.800
<v Speaker 2>are Italian Italian American anarchists. You weren't work that day,

0:25:01.160 --> 0:25:02.760
<v Speaker 2>so let's go ahead and haul you in here.

0:25:03.200 --> 0:25:05.399
<v Speaker 3>Right, Because yeah, we left off the fact that they

0:25:05.440 --> 0:25:09.360
<v Speaker 3>found like anarchist pamphlets on the on the men when

0:25:09.400 --> 0:25:11.880
<v Speaker 3>they when they took them off the train. So there

0:25:11.960 --> 0:25:16.000
<v Speaker 3>was a lot against them going against them at this

0:25:16.160 --> 0:25:19.800
<v Speaker 3>point just from the outside of this, but you kind

0:25:19.840 --> 0:25:23.760
<v Speaker 3>of touched on it. All of this is very very circumstantial.

0:25:24.480 --> 0:25:29.040
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, So right away the anarchists of the area come

0:25:29.080 --> 0:25:34.280
<v Speaker 2>on board. They formed the Saco Vinsetti Defense Committee, and

0:25:34.400 --> 0:25:36.480
<v Speaker 2>one of their leaders, one of the anarchist leaders in

0:25:36.480 --> 0:25:39.440
<v Speaker 2>the area named Carlo Tresca, said all right, let's hire

0:25:39.480 --> 0:25:43.280
<v Speaker 2>this this lawyer from California and this guy's a radical.

0:25:43.960 --> 0:25:47.480
<v Speaker 2>He's going to lead our defense and more comes on board.

0:25:47.520 --> 0:25:49.800
<v Speaker 2>Fred Moran's like, here's the way we're going to do

0:25:49.840 --> 0:25:52.879
<v Speaker 2>this is let's like let's get everyone worked up, like

0:25:53.000 --> 0:25:55.959
<v Speaker 2>not only in this area but all over the world.

0:25:56.480 --> 0:26:00.000
<v Speaker 2>Let's get radicals and let's get anarchists, and let's get

0:26:00.080 --> 0:26:03.480
<v Speaker 2>at union members let's paint these guys is just like

0:26:03.560 --> 0:26:06.480
<v Speaker 2>hard working, blue collar union dudes, and let's get people

0:26:06.560 --> 0:26:09.119
<v Speaker 2>all over the world paying attention to what's going on

0:26:09.160 --> 0:26:09.640
<v Speaker 2>over here.

0:26:10.400 --> 0:26:14.040
<v Speaker 3>Yes, which is a very common tactic still in use today.

0:26:14.920 --> 0:26:19.399
<v Speaker 3>Just turn public sentiment against the government and the prosecutors

0:26:19.400 --> 0:26:22.760
<v Speaker 3>in their case and basically paint it like Socco and

0:26:22.800 --> 0:26:25.199
<v Speaker 3>VINZEEDI where just a couple of normal dudes who are

0:26:25.240 --> 0:26:29.639
<v Speaker 3>being railroaded for political reasons and probably out of a

0:26:29.680 --> 0:26:31.760
<v Speaker 3>certain amount of xenophobia as well.

0:26:32.440 --> 0:26:35.560
<v Speaker 1>Sure, so let's take a break.

0:26:35.560 --> 0:26:38.280
<v Speaker 2>The trial opens in May of nineteen twenty one with

0:26:38.400 --> 0:26:42.119
<v Speaker 2>Judge Webster theayer, and we'll be back with what happens

0:26:42.160 --> 0:26:43.160
<v Speaker 2>next right after.

0:26:42.960 --> 0:27:11.000
<v Speaker 3>This shot sho check. Before we get back into I

0:27:11.040 --> 0:27:13.520
<v Speaker 3>want to give a shout out to Doug Linder. Douglas Linder,

0:27:13.520 --> 0:27:16.800
<v Speaker 3>who's a law professor and historian who wrote a paper

0:27:16.800 --> 0:27:18.600
<v Speaker 3>that we used as a source. So it was pretty

0:27:18.720 --> 0:27:20.400
<v Speaker 3>pretty handy, pretty good stuff.

0:27:20.560 --> 0:27:21.639
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, law professors.

0:27:22.200 --> 0:27:23.840
<v Speaker 2>I mean, there's a lot of good information out here

0:27:23.880 --> 0:27:27.240
<v Speaker 2>on this, but you get a law professor on the

0:27:27.320 --> 0:27:30.000
<v Speaker 2>on the typewriter and they're going to condense it into

0:27:30.080 --> 0:27:32.480
<v Speaker 2>a nice, readable, workable document.

0:27:33.080 --> 0:27:33.720
<v Speaker 3>That's right.

0:27:34.000 --> 0:27:37.080
<v Speaker 1>That's what they do. They're very good at that. Yes,

0:27:37.480 --> 0:27:39.040
<v Speaker 1>So all right, trials underway.

0:27:40.119 --> 0:27:46.000
<v Speaker 2>Like I said before, Judge Webster, there proceeds over this trial. Katsman,

0:27:47.119 --> 0:27:50.640
<v Speaker 2>that's the DA that's prosecuting. He has got a lot

0:27:50.640 --> 0:27:54.959
<v Speaker 2>of circumstantial evidence, he has eyewitnesses, but not really a

0:27:54.960 --> 0:27:55.960
<v Speaker 2>lot of hard.

0:27:55.800 --> 0:27:56.679
<v Speaker 1>Evidence going on.

0:27:57.480 --> 0:28:00.119
<v Speaker 2>Right, It's sort of a tough case for him to

0:28:00.200 --> 0:28:01.160
<v Speaker 2>like solidly prove.

0:28:01.760 --> 0:28:05.760
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, And that was another reason why Fred Moore was

0:28:05.800 --> 0:28:08.480
<v Speaker 3>able to run around drumming up public sentiment not just

0:28:08.520 --> 0:28:11.360
<v Speaker 3>in the United States or even just Boston or Massachusetts,

0:28:11.400 --> 0:28:17.360
<v Speaker 3>but around the world that that Socco and Vanzetti were

0:28:17.400 --> 0:28:21.240
<v Speaker 3>being railroaded. Is that the evidence against them was really,

0:28:21.440 --> 0:28:28.400
<v Speaker 3>really weak. The eyewitness testimony was super if you if

0:28:28.440 --> 0:28:31.840
<v Speaker 3>you had the luxury like historians like Douglas Linder have

0:28:31.880 --> 0:28:36.879
<v Speaker 3>had to compare, you know, the original notes or the

0:28:36.920 --> 0:28:42.360
<v Speaker 3>original statements made by eyewitnesses against the the types of

0:28:42.360 --> 0:28:45.040
<v Speaker 3>statements they made in court. The statements they made in

0:28:45.080 --> 0:28:48.760
<v Speaker 3>court were much more certain, much more sure. And this

0:28:48.920 --> 0:28:51.560
<v Speaker 3>was after a year of reading the newspaper and being

0:28:51.600 --> 0:28:54.400
<v Speaker 3>exposed to pictures of Socco and Vanzetti. So when they

0:28:54.400 --> 0:28:56.680
<v Speaker 3>see Socco and Vanzetti in the courtroom, they're like, yes,

0:28:56.720 --> 0:28:59.920
<v Speaker 3>I saw that man holding that gun and he was

0:29:00.120 --> 0:29:02.840
<v Speaker 3>one that pulled the trigger. The thing is, there was

0:29:02.960 --> 0:29:06.120
<v Speaker 3>not one witness, but there were witnesses who placed both

0:29:06.160 --> 0:29:08.560
<v Speaker 3>of them at the crime scene or at least in

0:29:08.640 --> 0:29:12.160
<v Speaker 3>the buick around town on that day. But there was

0:29:12.240 --> 0:29:14.760
<v Speaker 3>not one single witness who placed both of them there.

0:29:14.920 --> 0:29:18.480
<v Speaker 3>That's just the eyewitnesses. They also had the other big

0:29:18.520 --> 0:29:21.400
<v Speaker 3>piece of circumstantial evidence were the guns that they were

0:29:21.400 --> 0:29:25.720
<v Speaker 3>found with, and they used ballistic experts to come in

0:29:25.800 --> 0:29:28.680
<v Speaker 3>and say, yes, this bullet came from this gun. But

0:29:29.080 --> 0:29:32.560
<v Speaker 3>again looking at it with history, the benefit of history,

0:29:34.160 --> 0:29:38.720
<v Speaker 3>this was at a time when ballistics comparison was just

0:29:38.960 --> 0:29:42.000
<v Speaker 3>beginning to come around, and the people that they employed

0:29:42.000 --> 0:29:45.479
<v Speaker 3>as ballistics experts were self taught amateurs who just basically

0:29:45.480 --> 0:29:47.720
<v Speaker 3>had an interest in this field, were in no way,

0:29:47.760 --> 0:29:50.960
<v Speaker 3>shape or form genuine experts, because you could make a

0:29:50.960 --> 0:29:53.800
<v Speaker 3>case there was no such thing as a genuine ballistics

0:29:53.840 --> 0:29:56.440
<v Speaker 3>comparison expert at the time. It was too new as

0:29:56.440 --> 0:29:57.720
<v Speaker 3>far as forensic goes.

0:29:58.560 --> 0:30:02.680
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, so on the defense side, immediately they say those

0:30:02.720 --> 0:30:08.880
<v Speaker 2>guys weren't even in Braintree. SOCCO was in Boston, Vancetti

0:30:08.960 --> 0:30:12.920
<v Speaker 2>was in Plymouth, both sides. It's interesting to look back

0:30:12.960 --> 0:30:15.920
<v Speaker 2>on this trial because both the prosecution and the defense

0:30:16.480 --> 0:30:21.200
<v Speaker 2>were like being very hinky with the truth themselves, influencing

0:30:21.320 --> 0:30:23.920
<v Speaker 2>people on both sides to testify kind.

0:30:23.760 --> 0:30:24.680
<v Speaker 1>Of behind the scenes.

0:30:26.240 --> 0:30:28.600
<v Speaker 2>Fred Moore, the defense attorney, trotted out a bunch of

0:30:28.640 --> 0:30:32.360
<v Speaker 2>witnesses that say, no, like Vanzetti was definitely in Plymouth,

0:30:32.360 --> 0:30:35.360
<v Speaker 2>he's a fishmonger, bought fish from him. And then later

0:30:35.440 --> 0:30:37.280
<v Speaker 2>on it was found out that some of these people,

0:30:37.280 --> 0:30:40.120
<v Speaker 2>well all of them basically were friends of his. And

0:30:40.160 --> 0:30:42.920
<v Speaker 2>then some of the people came out even later and said, yeah,

0:30:42.960 --> 0:30:44.840
<v Speaker 2>he kind of told me to say this, But that

0:30:44.880 --> 0:30:46.520
<v Speaker 2>happened on the prosecution side too.

0:30:47.960 --> 0:30:55.120
<v Speaker 3>Yeah. Supposedly later on they would allege that the prosecutor, Catsman,

0:30:55.880 --> 0:30:59.280
<v Speaker 3>and the chief or the lead ballistics or the star

0:30:59.360 --> 0:31:03.400
<v Speaker 3>ballistics witness had kind of coordinated the answer that the

0:31:03.400 --> 0:31:06.640
<v Speaker 3>ballistics witness would give at trial, and that it would

0:31:06.680 --> 0:31:11.240
<v Speaker 3>be much more stronger and much much more certain than

0:31:12.120 --> 0:31:15.560
<v Speaker 3>than the actual conclusion he came to prior to the

0:31:15.640 --> 0:31:18.400
<v Speaker 3>trial based on his original ballistics tests.

0:31:19.120 --> 0:31:22.760
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, so there's there's hinkiness on both sides. Katzman has

0:31:22.800 --> 0:31:25.240
<v Speaker 2>this hat. And remember one of the gunmen definitely had

0:31:25.240 --> 0:31:29.000
<v Speaker 2>on a gray cap, so he has this great cap.

0:31:29.040 --> 0:31:31.400
<v Speaker 2>He said, this is Saco's. He gets together with an

0:31:31.440 --> 0:31:34.720
<v Speaker 2>expert behind the scenes and says and again with this

0:31:34.960 --> 0:31:37.040
<v Speaker 2>like like you were saying, the sort of the beginnings

0:31:37.080 --> 0:31:38.960
<v Speaker 2>of not ballistics in.

0:31:38.920 --> 0:31:43.120
<v Speaker 1>This case, but just forensics, any kind of forensics. Yeah.

0:31:43.440 --> 0:31:46.760
<v Speaker 2>He looked at the hairs in the hat, got a

0:31:46.800 --> 0:31:49.240
<v Speaker 2>hair from Soco, and Soco was like, oh that hurt.

0:31:49.800 --> 0:31:53.320
<v Speaker 2>And he compared him and he said, yeah, these hairs

0:31:53.320 --> 0:31:56.120
<v Speaker 2>are identical. I'm telling you, they're the same hairs. But

0:31:56.600 --> 0:31:58.920
<v Speaker 2>Catzman was like, you know what, I don't want to

0:31:59.000 --> 0:32:02.840
<v Speaker 2>go to court and present this because this stuff is

0:32:02.880 --> 0:32:06.160
<v Speaker 2>all new. They're going to paint you as unreliable because

0:32:06.160 --> 0:32:09.840
<v Speaker 2>no one knows anything about hair comparison yet. So instead

0:32:09.840 --> 0:32:12.400
<v Speaker 2>of doing that, he goes to the boss of the

0:32:12.400 --> 0:32:16.120
<v Speaker 2>shoe factory, George Kelly, and was like, have you seen

0:32:16.160 --> 0:32:19.520
<v Speaker 2>this hat before? And Kelly said, yes, that's Soaco's hat.

0:32:20.680 --> 0:32:23.680
<v Speaker 2>I've seen him wear that hat and the hole in

0:32:23.720 --> 0:32:26.160
<v Speaker 2>it is from the nail that he hangs it on

0:32:26.280 --> 0:32:29.200
<v Speaker 2>every day, when in fact that was definitely not the case.

0:32:29.880 --> 0:32:33.800
<v Speaker 3>No, that earlier the previous police chief later testified that

0:32:33.880 --> 0:32:36.760
<v Speaker 3>he had actually accidentally punched the hole in the hat

0:32:36.840 --> 0:32:40.600
<v Speaker 3>while he was examining it for any kind of identifying marks.

0:32:40.480 --> 0:32:41.160
<v Speaker 1>Which is weird.

0:32:41.560 --> 0:32:45.840
<v Speaker 3>He also testified that the hat had a very questionable providence,

0:32:46.240 --> 0:32:49.920
<v Speaker 3>that it hadn't come into police custody for thirty hours

0:32:50.360 --> 0:32:54.280
<v Speaker 3>after the crime, so he couldn't say he as far

0:32:54.320 --> 0:32:56.640
<v Speaker 3>as he knew, it was not found at the crime scene,

0:32:56.800 --> 0:32:59.160
<v Speaker 3>that it hadn't been secured by the police. He didn't

0:32:59.200 --> 0:33:01.960
<v Speaker 3>know exactly where it came from. And then finally I

0:33:02.040 --> 0:33:05.640
<v Speaker 3>read elsewhere in a final twist, and to me if

0:33:05.680 --> 0:33:09.360
<v Speaker 3>this sounds familiar, but they asked Sacho to put the

0:33:09.400 --> 0:33:12.280
<v Speaker 3>hat on in court and it was too small for

0:33:12.400 --> 0:33:13.440
<v Speaker 3>his head. It didn't fit.

0:33:13.640 --> 0:33:17.160
<v Speaker 1>You must acquit. They did not acquit though, Well, he

0:33:17.280 --> 0:33:17.880
<v Speaker 1>just ruined it.

0:33:18.360 --> 0:33:21.640
<v Speaker 3>Oh, I'm sorry, Sorry everybody. It's funny. There's probably a

0:33:21.640 --> 0:33:23.200
<v Speaker 3>lot of people out there who have no idea how

0:33:23.200 --> 0:33:25.440
<v Speaker 3>this is going to turn out, because if you search

0:33:25.480 --> 0:33:28.800
<v Speaker 3>on Google just Socco and Vanzetti. One of the suggested

0:33:28.960 --> 0:33:33.680
<v Speaker 3>questions is what is Soacho and Vanzetti? Not who what?

0:33:35.320 --> 0:33:38.480
<v Speaker 1>It's a nice apartee, right, so.

0:33:40.400 --> 0:33:42.400
<v Speaker 2>I don't know if we mentioned, but like Soco had

0:33:43.480 --> 0:33:46.480
<v Speaker 2>definitely much more evidence against him, even if it was

0:33:46.520 --> 0:33:48.440
<v Speaker 2>circumstantial than Venzetti did.

0:33:49.600 --> 0:33:51.360
<v Speaker 3>Eyewitnesses. Yeah, for sure.

0:33:51.400 --> 0:33:56.160
<v Speaker 2>So Vanzetti is has the thinnest case against him, but

0:33:57.080 --> 0:34:00.760
<v Speaker 2>he like he lied to the cops he had that, remember,

0:34:01.160 --> 0:34:04.760
<v Speaker 2>and on the stand he said, yeah, actually I got

0:34:04.760 --> 0:34:06.120
<v Speaker 2>that gun just a few days ago.

0:34:06.760 --> 0:34:07.960
<v Speaker 1>I bought it for four or five bucks.

0:34:08.000 --> 0:34:10.200
<v Speaker 2>And they're like, well, you told us that you bought

0:34:10.200 --> 0:34:13.399
<v Speaker 2>it four or five years ago for eighteen dollars, right,

0:34:13.480 --> 0:34:16.839
<v Speaker 2>you said there were six chambers in it and only

0:34:16.920 --> 0:34:17.440
<v Speaker 2>had five.

0:34:18.239 --> 0:34:21.480
<v Speaker 1>And what's going on here? You're lying, Jimmy Vanzetti.

0:34:21.920 --> 0:34:23.560
<v Speaker 3>The whole thing with the gun, I don't know if

0:34:23.600 --> 0:34:25.799
<v Speaker 3>we've said or not yet. The reason why the gun

0:34:25.840 --> 0:34:28.560
<v Speaker 3>was so suspicious and was basically like these central piece

0:34:28.560 --> 0:34:34.239
<v Speaker 3>of evidence used against Vanzetti is that it was supposedly

0:34:34.280 --> 0:34:38.239
<v Speaker 3>the exact same kind of gun that Alessandro Barredelli had

0:34:38.280 --> 0:34:41.319
<v Speaker 3>on and when he was killed. Yeah, So the whole

0:34:41.360 --> 0:34:45.240
<v Speaker 3>idea was that Vanzetti had been at the at least

0:34:45.320 --> 0:34:47.920
<v Speaker 3>at the crime seeing, if not one of the killers,

0:34:48.120 --> 0:34:50.879
<v Speaker 3>who had taken Barredelli's gun after he had killed him

0:34:51.200 --> 0:34:53.440
<v Speaker 3>and made off with it, which would explain why he

0:34:53.520 --> 0:34:55.760
<v Speaker 3>wasn't very familiar with the gun and how many chambers

0:34:55.760 --> 0:34:58.440
<v Speaker 3>it had and didn't have a very solid story about

0:34:58.440 --> 0:35:00.839
<v Speaker 3>where he'd gotten it. How long you owned it too.

0:35:01.360 --> 0:35:03.319
<v Speaker 3>That was the implication of the whole thing, and that

0:35:03.480 --> 0:35:06.920
<v Speaker 3>was basically the That was it. That was the crux

0:35:07.040 --> 0:35:11.319
<v Speaker 3>of the prosecution's case against Vanzetti. Fanzetti's big problem was

0:35:11.600 --> 0:35:14.520
<v Speaker 3>he was sitting next to Saco when Soco got taken

0:35:14.560 --> 0:35:16.480
<v Speaker 3>off the train, and they had a lot more of

0:35:16.480 --> 0:35:20.000
<v Speaker 3>Soco and they were tried together rather than separately.

0:35:20.560 --> 0:35:23.160
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, in Soco, that ballistics evidence made a big, big

0:35:23.160 --> 0:35:26.960
<v Speaker 2>difference in the trial because they found out for sure

0:35:27.200 --> 0:35:31.759
<v Speaker 2>that that bullet that killed Bearadelli was definitely fired from

0:35:31.800 --> 0:35:38.319
<v Speaker 2>a cult automatic and your cult automatic is what they alleged, right,

0:35:38.440 --> 0:35:41.919
<v Speaker 2>And well, we'll hold on to that last bit until later.

0:35:42.040 --> 0:35:45.480
<v Speaker 2>But about what was found out later about that, But

0:35:47.080 --> 0:35:49.319
<v Speaker 2>I think even some of the jurors said that that

0:35:49.520 --> 0:35:53.600
<v Speaker 2>was really some of the most compelling evidence against Socco

0:35:53.680 --> 0:35:55.080
<v Speaker 2>for us in deciding this case.

0:35:55.520 --> 0:35:58.359
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, and again, like they're listening to forensic evidence from

0:35:58.400 --> 0:36:01.400
<v Speaker 3>a field that's still in the very and it's cradle

0:36:03.200 --> 0:36:06.120
<v Speaker 3>from testimony given by people who are not experts. But

0:36:06.160 --> 0:36:09.160
<v Speaker 3>that was, like you said, the juror said, was that

0:36:09.280 --> 0:36:11.279
<v Speaker 3>was it for me? That was what convinced me was

0:36:11.320 --> 0:36:12.200
<v Speaker 3>the ballistics of it.

0:36:12.320 --> 0:36:18.200
<v Speaker 2>It's basically so they go to jury and they go

0:36:18.280 --> 0:36:21.840
<v Speaker 2>to deliberations and just five and half five and a

0:36:21.880 --> 0:36:25.560
<v Speaker 2>half hours later the jury said guilty is charged.

0:36:26.120 --> 0:36:28.560
<v Speaker 3>About six weeks after the trial started, I believe.

0:36:28.840 --> 0:36:30.520
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, so it was a big deal, you know, like

0:36:31.120 --> 0:36:33.840
<v Speaker 2>Saco's crying out I'm innocent and Italian in the court.

0:36:36.360 --> 0:36:44.040
<v Speaker 2>There were like protests all over the world, like South America, France, Lisbon.

0:36:44.480 --> 0:36:47.400
<v Speaker 2>It's just crazy how much this at the time in

0:36:47.440 --> 0:36:52.799
<v Speaker 2>the nineteen twenties became an international thing and basically they

0:36:52.840 --> 0:36:55.600
<v Speaker 2>were due for the electric chair. So people all over

0:36:55.640 --> 0:36:58.640
<v Speaker 2>the world were protesting, that were bombings.

0:36:58.840 --> 0:36:59.520
<v Speaker 1>It was nuts.

0:37:00.080 --> 0:37:01.879
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, this is I mean, this is a time when

0:37:02.200 --> 0:37:06.520
<v Speaker 3>labor was unionized, so you could arouse the sympathy of

0:37:06.560 --> 0:37:08.400
<v Speaker 3>a lot of people at once by going to the

0:37:08.480 --> 0:37:11.600
<v Speaker 3>union hall and saying like, hey, your brothers in arms

0:37:11.719 --> 0:37:15.680
<v Speaker 3>over there in America are being railroaded into a murder rap.

0:37:15.719 --> 0:37:18.160
<v Speaker 3>They're going to be electrocuting the electric chair for something

0:37:18.160 --> 0:37:21.160
<v Speaker 3>they didn't commit. Simply because of their political beliefs. How

0:37:21.200 --> 0:37:24.440
<v Speaker 3>messed up is that? And they you could arouse some

0:37:24.960 --> 0:37:28.800
<v Speaker 3>people pretty quickly back then by saying that as opposed

0:37:28.840 --> 0:37:29.680
<v Speaker 3>to today.

0:37:29.880 --> 0:37:30.759
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, for sure.

0:37:31.880 --> 0:37:38.200
<v Speaker 2>More immediately starts the defense attorney immediately starts filing motions trying.

0:37:38.000 --> 0:37:39.120
<v Speaker 1>To get like new trials.

0:37:40.120 --> 0:37:43.080
<v Speaker 2>He had an assistant named Eugene Lyons who later would

0:37:43.120 --> 0:37:47.120
<v Speaker 2>come out and say, man, like this guy basically would

0:37:47.160 --> 0:37:52.920
<v Speaker 2>do anything. He was framing evidence, he was telling witnesses

0:37:52.920 --> 0:37:54.719
<v Speaker 2>what to say, like once he had up in his

0:37:54.840 --> 0:37:57.440
<v Speaker 2>mind that and keep in mind, this was like a

0:37:57.520 --> 0:38:00.440
<v Speaker 2>radical lawyer from California. He said, once he had in

0:38:00.440 --> 0:38:03.520
<v Speaker 2>mind that these guys were innocent, he was like he

0:38:03.560 --> 0:38:05.520
<v Speaker 2>basically would do anything to try and get them off.

0:38:05.800 --> 0:38:09.720
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, he'd suborn perjury, he'd intimidate witnesses, he'd do whatever

0:38:09.800 --> 0:38:13.400
<v Speaker 3>if he thought that somebody was being innocently prosecuted. Fred

0:38:13.440 --> 0:38:17.120
<v Speaker 3>Moore would stop at nothing to yeah, to get them off.

0:38:17.360 --> 0:38:19.960
<v Speaker 3>And this article, I think kind of paints an incomplete

0:38:20.000 --> 0:38:23.480
<v Speaker 3>picture of Eugene Lyons and Fred Moore's relationship. Like Eugene

0:38:23.760 --> 0:38:26.759
<v Speaker 3>Lyons was also very much an admirer of Fred Moore too,

0:38:28.040 --> 0:38:30.080
<v Speaker 3>like he considered Fred Moore to have the heart of

0:38:30.120 --> 0:38:33.920
<v Speaker 3>an artist, but he was that. He had dedicated his

0:38:34.000 --> 0:38:37.560
<v Speaker 3>life to getting people who were being steamrolled by the

0:38:37.600 --> 0:38:43.279
<v Speaker 3>system or unfairly treated by the courts out from under

0:38:43.320 --> 0:38:46.520
<v Speaker 3>these these charges. He was a he was an early

0:38:46.600 --> 0:38:50.200
<v Speaker 3>civil libered, civil liberties lawyer, basically was what he was.

0:38:50.719 --> 0:38:53.000
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, so none of these motions work. He files a

0:38:53.040 --> 0:38:56.160
<v Speaker 2>bunch of them. We're not going to detail them all,

0:38:56.160 --> 0:38:59.080
<v Speaker 2>but none of them, Uh, none of them worked. They

0:38:59.080 --> 0:39:03.760
<v Speaker 2>were basically all turned down. Thayer was still the presiding judge.

0:39:04.200 --> 0:39:06.839
<v Speaker 2>He was turning down all these things. Then they went

0:39:06.880 --> 0:39:10.960
<v Speaker 2>to like federal court, they were turning down motions. Eventually

0:39:11.000 --> 0:39:13.719
<v Speaker 2>they went to the Supreme Court, and the Supreme Court

0:39:13.840 --> 0:39:15.799
<v Speaker 2>was like, why are you asking us about this? Like

0:39:16.440 --> 0:39:18.840
<v Speaker 2>this is a state case, Like we don't even do

0:39:18.880 --> 0:39:19.520
<v Speaker 2>this kind of thing.

0:39:20.400 --> 0:39:23.480
<v Speaker 3>Yeah. The court at the time was very much against

0:39:24.040 --> 0:39:26.320
<v Speaker 3>or the majority I should say it was against applying

0:39:27.239 --> 0:39:31.920
<v Speaker 3>the federal Constitution to state issues, so they wouldn't get involved.

0:39:32.400 --> 0:39:34.719
<v Speaker 3>But I mean it did go all the way to

0:39:35.320 --> 0:39:37.640
<v Speaker 3>at least petitioning the Supreme Court. They wouldn't hear it

0:39:37.680 --> 0:39:42.040
<v Speaker 3>and they wouldn't stay the execution either. But he as

0:39:42.120 --> 0:39:46.360
<v Speaker 3>much as a lawyer can exhaust petitions and appeals for

0:39:46.520 --> 0:39:51.440
<v Speaker 3>clemency and the stay of execution. Fred Moore did, and

0:39:51.480 --> 0:39:54.799
<v Speaker 3>then later on another defense lawyer named William Thompson, who

0:39:54.800 --> 0:39:57.640
<v Speaker 3>took over for fred Moore after Saco fired Fred Moore,

0:39:58.400 --> 0:40:01.360
<v Speaker 3>did the same thing. Like up to the eve the

0:40:01.480 --> 0:40:05.120
<v Speaker 3>eve of the execution, they were relentless and filing appeals

0:40:05.280 --> 0:40:08.440
<v Speaker 3>with anything, anything they could get their hands on. They

0:40:08.520 --> 0:40:12.800
<v Speaker 3>filed an entire motion for a new trial based strictly

0:40:12.840 --> 0:40:18.279
<v Speaker 3>on Judge Thayer's perceived prejudice against anarchists. Apparently he did

0:40:18.280 --> 0:40:21.200
<v Speaker 3>not like anarchists, and he treated Socaco and Vinzetti as

0:40:21.239 --> 0:40:26.200
<v Speaker 3>such throughout the trial. And as you're if you're just

0:40:26.360 --> 0:40:29.200
<v Speaker 3>watching watching this from the outside, if you're reading about

0:40:29.200 --> 0:40:31.640
<v Speaker 3>this in the press, and you're already on Socco and

0:40:31.680 --> 0:40:36.839
<v Speaker 3>Vinzetti's side, Judge Theayer turning down motion after motion after

0:40:36.880 --> 0:40:41.160
<v Speaker 3>motion after motion looks really bad. It looks very much

0:40:41.239 --> 0:40:45.200
<v Speaker 3>like this judge is bent on railroading these two immigrant

0:40:45.320 --> 0:40:50.319
<v Speaker 3>anarchists into an early and unjust death by electric chair.

0:40:50.600 --> 0:40:57.520
<v Speaker 3>So the public's sympathies were aroused even further for Socco

0:40:57.560 --> 0:41:01.160
<v Speaker 3>and Vanzetti, and that would last for decades after this

0:41:01.320 --> 0:41:03.399
<v Speaker 3>trial up century almost now.

0:41:04.239 --> 0:41:07.200
<v Speaker 1>Yeah. So Socho's in jail and another weird thing happens

0:41:07.200 --> 0:41:11.680
<v Speaker 1>while he's in jail. In Dedham d e d h

0:41:11.760 --> 0:41:12.040
<v Speaker 1>a M.

0:41:12.200 --> 0:41:15.879
<v Speaker 2>There was another prisoner there who passed a note on

0:41:16.600 --> 0:41:21.400
<v Speaker 2>and said basically, I'm confessing to this crime. My name

0:41:21.520 --> 0:41:27.480
<v Speaker 2>is Celestino Madeiros And they were like, all right, well.

0:41:27.719 --> 0:41:28.719
<v Speaker 1>Let's talk to this guy.

0:41:28.760 --> 0:41:31.640
<v Speaker 2>He's confessing to this crime and saying that Socco and

0:41:31.719 --> 0:41:35.120
<v Speaker 2>Vince Eddie are innocent. He said, I was there. I

0:41:35.239 --> 0:41:39.480
<v Speaker 2>was with four other guys, so that kind of checks out.

0:41:39.480 --> 0:41:43.080
<v Speaker 2>As far as the five Italians. He said, we met

0:41:43.120 --> 0:41:46.440
<v Speaker 2>in Providence at a bar and we just came up

0:41:46.440 --> 0:41:47.040
<v Speaker 2>with this plan.

0:41:47.480 --> 0:41:47.759
<v Speaker 1>He said.

0:41:47.760 --> 0:41:49.279
<v Speaker 2>There was a guy named Mike, a gun named Bill.

0:41:49.520 --> 0:41:52.359
<v Speaker 2>I don't know the other guys. I was scared. We

0:41:52.680 --> 0:41:55.440
<v Speaker 2>switched cars in the woods. Like all this stuff was

0:41:55.480 --> 0:41:59.799
<v Speaker 2>sort of making sense, but it really didn't. Like in

0:41:59.880 --> 0:42:03.320
<v Speaker 2>the end, there were too many other things that were wrong,

0:42:04.440 --> 0:42:06.640
<v Speaker 2>Like he said that they didn't get there until afternoon

0:42:06.640 --> 0:42:08.560
<v Speaker 2>and everyone was like, no, that car was there like

0:42:08.960 --> 0:42:13.600
<v Speaker 2>maybe between nine am and noon. He also said that

0:42:13.640 --> 0:42:15.480
<v Speaker 2>the payroll money was in a bag when it was

0:42:15.520 --> 0:42:18.880
<v Speaker 2>in a metal box, and so there were enough inconsistencies

0:42:18.880 --> 0:42:26.239
<v Speaker 2>basically where he wasn't really a major suspect like they

0:42:26.320 --> 0:42:29.200
<v Speaker 2>considered it. Thompson tried to use it as the basis

0:42:29.239 --> 0:42:32.040
<v Speaker 2>for a new trial, but none of this worked because

0:42:32.080 --> 0:42:34.160
<v Speaker 2>there was still kind of calling the shots this before

0:42:34.160 --> 0:42:35.279
<v Speaker 2>they ran it up the flag bowl.

0:42:35.960 --> 0:42:39.560
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, but again news made made its way out into

0:42:39.560 --> 0:42:43.360
<v Speaker 3>the international press that someone had confessed, and not only confessed,

0:42:43.440 --> 0:42:46.520
<v Speaker 3>said that Socco and Vanzetti weren't there, and this this

0:42:46.680 --> 0:42:49.640
<v Speaker 3>judge who had it out for Socco and Vanzetti refused

0:42:49.640 --> 0:42:53.200
<v Speaker 3>to even hear this, this motion to have a new trial.

0:42:53.280 --> 0:42:55.439
<v Speaker 3>So it looked it looked bad as well too.

0:42:55.760 --> 0:42:58.000
<v Speaker 2>It did so it looked bad enough that the governor

0:42:58.040 --> 0:42:59.799
<v Speaker 2>at the time, Alvin Fuller, said, you know what, we

0:42:59.800 --> 0:43:02.880
<v Speaker 2>have to do something here. There's just too much public

0:43:02.920 --> 0:43:06.040
<v Speaker 2>pressure going on from around the world. He said, so

0:43:06.080 --> 0:43:09.759
<v Speaker 2>here's what we'll do. We'll get a three person advisory committee.

0:43:10.040 --> 0:43:14.080
<v Speaker 2>They're going to investigate this. He said, hey, you Lawrence Lowell,

0:43:14.320 --> 0:43:17.120
<v Speaker 2>you're the president of HAVID. You had this thing up.

0:43:17.920 --> 0:43:21.280
<v Speaker 2>And then what was known as the Lowell Commission finally

0:43:21.320 --> 0:43:27.720
<v Speaker 2>issued a report which said basically beyond a reasonable doubt,

0:43:27.760 --> 0:43:33.680
<v Speaker 2>Soco is guilty, and Voncetti said on the whole it's

0:43:33.719 --> 0:43:36.680
<v Speaker 2>our opinion that he's also guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

0:43:37.200 --> 0:43:38.880
<v Speaker 2>And everyone was like, well, why'd you say all those

0:43:38.920 --> 0:43:39.640
<v Speaker 2>other words then?

0:43:40.320 --> 0:43:41.840
<v Speaker 3>And they're like, what other words?

0:43:42.960 --> 0:43:47.080
<v Speaker 1>Yeah? Really kind of a strange final report.

0:43:47.640 --> 0:43:49.719
<v Speaker 3>What's funny is in the Boston area if they're like,

0:43:49.760 --> 0:43:54.160
<v Speaker 3>we need somebody smart, get me the president of Harvard, Well.

0:43:54.120 --> 0:43:55.760
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and in the end he's like, you are definitely

0:43:55.800 --> 0:43:58.359
<v Speaker 2>guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, and so are you more

0:43:58.480 --> 0:43:59.920
<v Speaker 2>or less in our opinion?

0:44:00.440 --> 0:44:02.760
<v Speaker 3>Right? No, I know. It was weird and it remains weird.

0:44:02.840 --> 0:44:06.640
<v Speaker 3>But apparently years later, when Loll was asked about that,

0:44:07.200 --> 0:44:09.960
<v Speaker 3>he was saying, like, no, that wasn't any indication that

0:44:10.000 --> 0:44:13.600
<v Speaker 3>we thought Vanzetti had any kind of any kind of

0:44:14.040 --> 0:44:18.239
<v Speaker 3>innocence to him or that he wasn't guilty. I'm not

0:44:18.280 --> 0:44:20.680
<v Speaker 3>sure exactly how he explained it, but he basically said, no,

0:44:20.800 --> 0:44:24.480
<v Speaker 3>that wasn't that's not what that was. Oh interesting, I

0:44:24.520 --> 0:44:26.719
<v Speaker 3>don't know what he thought it was. There was a

0:44:26.760 --> 0:44:29.759
<v Speaker 3>weird way to put it, but that was I think

0:44:29.800 --> 0:44:32.600
<v Speaker 3>the other thing that kind of arouses people's interest in

0:44:32.600 --> 0:44:35.600
<v Speaker 3>that or suspicion maybe even is that that's what a

0:44:35.640 --> 0:44:39.359
<v Speaker 3>lot of people think that Socco was definitely guilty. Yeah,

0:44:39.400 --> 0:44:41.720
<v Speaker 3>I shouldn't say a lot, but some people that Socco

0:44:41.840 --> 0:44:45.120
<v Speaker 3>was definitely guilty and if anyone was innocent, it was Vanzetti.

0:44:45.360 --> 0:44:47.799
<v Speaker 3>So the idea that this Loll Commission came up with

0:44:47.840 --> 0:44:51.399
<v Speaker 3>this back in the twenties, even it is significant, but yeah,

0:44:51.480 --> 0:44:53.360
<v Speaker 3>Loell was like, no, that's not what we meant by that.

0:44:53.920 --> 0:44:57.799
<v Speaker 2>So none of these stays of execution go through. So

0:44:57.840 --> 0:45:01.279
<v Speaker 2>they are reunited. They were split up in jail for many,

0:45:01.280 --> 0:45:04.799
<v Speaker 2>many years, six years, and then they were finally reunited

0:45:05.200 --> 0:45:11.240
<v Speaker 2>at Charlestown State Prison for execution in April, and they had,

0:45:11.520 --> 0:45:15.759
<v Speaker 2>like you wouldn't believe how many cops they have in

0:45:15.800 --> 0:45:19.839
<v Speaker 2>this town to cover this thing because it was sort

0:45:19.840 --> 0:45:21.920
<v Speaker 2>of one of the first crimes of the century, I think,

0:45:22.520 --> 0:45:25.040
<v Speaker 2>and people were mad all over the country and all

0:45:25.040 --> 0:45:27.239
<v Speaker 2>over the world, like we've been talking about. They didn't

0:45:27.239 --> 0:45:29.440
<v Speaker 2>know if they're going to be more bombings, people were

0:45:29.480 --> 0:45:32.120
<v Speaker 2>going to like literally storm the prison and trying to

0:45:32.360 --> 0:45:35.279
<v Speaker 2>overtake them and free them. So they had tons and

0:45:35.320 --> 0:45:41.000
<v Speaker 2>tons of cops everywhere. Socho is first to go, and

0:45:41.040 --> 0:45:44.280
<v Speaker 2>as they are strapping him in, he's crying out in Italian,

0:45:44.719 --> 0:45:48.279
<v Speaker 2>long live anarchy, and then in English very quietly says,

0:45:48.280 --> 0:45:51.560
<v Speaker 2>farewell my wife and child and all my friends. And

0:45:52.280 --> 0:45:55.760
<v Speaker 2>right when they finally threw the switch, he screamed out, mama.

0:45:58.160 --> 0:46:01.319
<v Speaker 1>And I don't think like that. No, no, I'm not

0:46:01.320 --> 0:46:02.759
<v Speaker 1>making light of it. I don't think he was like,

0:46:02.840 --> 0:46:03.640
<v Speaker 1>whoa mama.

0:46:04.200 --> 0:46:06.239
<v Speaker 3>No, I don't think so either. I think he was

0:46:06.280 --> 0:46:09.200
<v Speaker 3>calling for his mother. Yes, just pretty sad but also

0:46:09.280 --> 0:46:09.920
<v Speaker 3>kind of sweet.

0:46:10.120 --> 0:46:10.359
<v Speaker 1>Yes.

0:46:11.200 --> 0:46:14.520
<v Speaker 3>And then Vanzetti comes in and he's like, oh, it's

0:46:14.560 --> 0:46:17.839
<v Speaker 3>my turn, all right, Well, okay, I want to make

0:46:17.920 --> 0:46:22.680
<v Speaker 3>sure everybody knows that I am innocent. So I think

0:46:22.719 --> 0:46:25.680
<v Speaker 3>it's significant that Saka was the one that shouted in

0:46:25.719 --> 0:46:29.520
<v Speaker 3>the courtroom that he was innocent, but didn't during his execution,

0:46:30.040 --> 0:46:32.279
<v Speaker 3>and Vanzetti didn't say anything in the courtroom, but during

0:46:32.320 --> 0:46:35.160
<v Speaker 3>his execution he's like, I'm innocent. And not only that,

0:46:35.239 --> 0:46:39.640
<v Speaker 3>he really turned the screwdriver. He said, I want to

0:46:39.800 --> 0:46:41.640
<v Speaker 3>make it known that I forgive all of you who

0:46:41.640 --> 0:46:42.839
<v Speaker 3>are about to do this to.

0:46:42.880 --> 0:46:44.120
<v Speaker 1>Me, and he started crying.

0:46:44.960 --> 0:46:48.160
<v Speaker 3>Well, the wardens started crying when he gave the switch,

0:46:48.600 --> 0:46:50.840
<v Speaker 3>gave the nod to turn to throw the switch on

0:46:50.880 --> 0:46:52.520
<v Speaker 3>the electric chair and kill Vanzetti.

0:46:52.760 --> 0:46:56.759
<v Speaker 1>Tears flying everywhere. Highdrama.

0:46:57.080 --> 0:47:01.120
<v Speaker 3>Yes, I'm surprised there's movie. Surely it has been, but

0:47:01.160 --> 0:47:03.160
<v Speaker 3>I'll bet it wasn't like the seventies or something. We

0:47:03.239 --> 0:47:06.080
<v Speaker 3>just aren't aware of it. Like Warren Batty played Socco

0:47:06.239 --> 0:47:08.600
<v Speaker 3>and Venzetti in some weird casting.

0:47:08.600 --> 0:47:11.319
<v Speaker 1>And somehow Jeremy Renner played all the.

0:47:11.280 --> 0:47:18.200
<v Speaker 3>Cops right exactly. So Socco and Venzetti are dead like

0:47:18.239 --> 0:47:21.160
<v Speaker 3>they're dead. The state took their lives. They executed them,

0:47:21.239 --> 0:47:26.120
<v Speaker 3>these conceivably innocent men who were railroaded to the electric

0:47:26.200 --> 0:47:30.400
<v Speaker 3>chair on circumstantial evidence and the testimony of some ballistic

0:47:30.680 --> 0:47:35.600
<v Speaker 3>experts who were not experts by anyone's measure. These men

0:47:35.640 --> 0:47:41.279
<v Speaker 3>are now dead, and the world reacts predictably. There were riots.

0:47:41.640 --> 0:47:46.120
<v Speaker 3>Six people died in a riot in Germany. The American

0:47:46.120 --> 0:47:50.000
<v Speaker 3>embassy in Paris had already been bombed, so they brought

0:47:50.040 --> 0:47:54.239
<v Speaker 3>tanks out on the night of the execution and surrounded it.

0:47:54.520 --> 0:47:57.480
<v Speaker 3>This time, and there were no bombings. There were riots

0:47:57.480 --> 0:48:00.920
<v Speaker 3>in Geneva, Switzerland. This may have been the only time

0:48:01.000 --> 0:48:04.799
<v Speaker 3>anyone ever rided in Geneva, Switzerland, there were like five

0:48:04.840 --> 0:48:09.640
<v Speaker 3>thousand protesters who destroyed everything that was even passingly American,

0:48:10.880 --> 0:48:13.799
<v Speaker 3>and Socco and Vinzetti went into the history books as

0:48:14.360 --> 0:48:18.359
<v Speaker 3>a couple of innocent men who were executed wrongfully by

0:48:18.400 --> 0:48:21.240
<v Speaker 3>the state because of their political beliefs. They were political

0:48:21.239 --> 0:48:24.280
<v Speaker 3>prisoners who were executed for their beliefs. Basically is how

0:48:24.840 --> 0:48:27.640
<v Speaker 3>most people have come to see Socco and Vanzetti.

0:48:28.600 --> 0:48:31.600
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, but many years later a couple of a few

0:48:31.680 --> 0:48:35.799
<v Speaker 2>notable things happened in nineteen forty one that gentleman I

0:48:35.840 --> 0:48:40.560
<v Speaker 2>mentioned earlier, Carlo Tresca, the anarchist leader a couple of

0:48:40.640 --> 0:48:43.680
<v Speaker 2>years before he died in the nineteen forties, basically said,

0:48:43.760 --> 0:48:47.200
<v Speaker 2>you know what, Socca was guilty, he was a triggerman,

0:48:47.280 --> 0:48:51.040
<v Speaker 2>but Vanzetti was not guilty. Other people had heard the

0:48:51.080 --> 0:48:54.040
<v Speaker 2>same thing from Tresca. And then in nineteen sixty one

0:48:54.120 --> 0:49:01.279
<v Speaker 2>they had actual ballistics tests done and it was concluded

0:49:01.360 --> 0:49:06.960
<v Speaker 2>that that was in fact a bullet from Socho's gun.

0:49:07.719 --> 0:49:10.719
<v Speaker 2>But people still were saying, no, you know what, I

0:49:10.719 --> 0:49:14.640
<v Speaker 2>think that bullet was planted, So we render that inconclusive.

0:49:15.160 --> 0:49:17.640
<v Speaker 3>But I think Doug Linder does a pretty good job

0:49:17.719 --> 0:49:22.320
<v Speaker 3>of taking the planted bullet theory fatal bullet or bullet

0:49:22.400 --> 0:49:25.279
<v Speaker 3>number three is what it's called in the trial and

0:49:25.640 --> 0:49:28.359
<v Speaker 3>basically saying, though, this is why that doesn't really hold up.

0:49:28.840 --> 0:49:33.600
<v Speaker 3>And probably the biggest one is when those ballistics witnesses

0:49:33.760 --> 0:49:38.560
<v Speaker 3>gave their testimony, both of the prosecutions star ballistic witnesses

0:49:38.640 --> 0:49:43.520
<v Speaker 3>said yes, I would conclude probably that it came out

0:49:43.560 --> 0:49:46.120
<v Speaker 3>of this gun, or yes, it's probable or possible or

0:49:46.160 --> 0:49:50.520
<v Speaker 3>something like that. They couched their expert opinions when they

0:49:50.520 --> 0:49:53.040
<v Speaker 3>gave their testimony, And if they were part of a

0:49:53.120 --> 0:49:56.840
<v Speaker 3>conspiracy to frame Soco in the planting of this bullet,

0:49:57.120 --> 0:50:00.719
<v Speaker 3>they would have given much more forceful testimony, which in

0:50:00.880 --> 0:50:05.040
<v Speaker 3>and of itself is a circumstantial evidence against this planted

0:50:05.080 --> 0:50:08.520
<v Speaker 3>bullet theory. But it draws so closely on common sense

0:50:08.560 --> 0:50:11.320
<v Speaker 3>that I think it makes sense to me, it undermines

0:50:11.360 --> 0:50:13.000
<v Speaker 3>the idea that the bullet was planted.

0:50:13.920 --> 0:50:18.120
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, there was another gentleman named Giovanni Gambera who said,

0:50:19.160 --> 0:50:22.840
<v Speaker 2>you know what, my dad, before he died in nineteen

0:50:22.880 --> 0:50:25.960
<v Speaker 2>eighty two, he told me he was on this team

0:50:26.320 --> 0:50:28.920
<v Speaker 2>of anarchists that met after their arrest to get their

0:50:28.920 --> 0:50:33.120
<v Speaker 2>defense mounted. And he told me, and everyone said basically

0:50:33.160 --> 0:50:37.360
<v Speaker 2>that Soaka was guilty and Venzetti was innocent. And then, weirdly,

0:50:38.360 --> 0:50:42.800
<v Speaker 2>in two thousand and five, Upton Sinclair, the very famous author,

0:50:43.560 --> 0:50:45.800
<v Speaker 2>said that he was researching a book and he was

0:50:45.840 --> 0:50:48.319
<v Speaker 2>going to he was writing a book about this whole thing,

0:50:49.040 --> 0:50:52.960
<v Speaker 2>and he met with Fred Moore, that the radical defense

0:50:52.960 --> 0:50:55.880
<v Speaker 2>attorney that mounted the defense for basically most of the case.

0:50:56.680 --> 0:50:59.080
<v Speaker 2>And he said he met with him in a hotel

0:50:59.120 --> 0:51:01.120
<v Speaker 2>room and was like, dude, give me the real story.

0:51:01.560 --> 0:51:04.560
<v Speaker 2>And he said that Moore told him, Yeah, Socco was

0:51:04.640 --> 0:51:10.880
<v Speaker 2>guilty and Vanzetti was innocent, and I basically came up

0:51:10.880 --> 0:51:13.080
<v Speaker 2>with this whole defense on my own, like made all

0:51:13.080 --> 0:51:13.719
<v Speaker 2>this stuff up.

0:51:14.239 --> 0:51:19.240
<v Speaker 3>Yeah. Yeah. Years later it came out that the seven

0:51:19.280 --> 0:51:22.920
<v Speaker 3>eye witnesses for the defense, who said that they saw

0:51:24.360 --> 0:51:29.240
<v Speaker 3>Soco eating lunch in Boston at the time of the

0:51:29.360 --> 0:51:33.760
<v Speaker 3>robbery and Braintree, had all been set up by the defense,

0:51:34.239 --> 0:51:36.439
<v Speaker 3>or at least by an anarchist group who had asked

0:51:36.480 --> 0:51:40.160
<v Speaker 3>them to go perjure themselves. And yeah, I think that

0:51:40.280 --> 0:51:42.960
<v Speaker 3>kind of jibes with the Eugene Lions quote that like,

0:51:43.400 --> 0:51:45.319
<v Speaker 3>if he thought these guys were innocent, they would do

0:51:45.440 --> 0:51:48.319
<v Speaker 3>he would do anything to get them off, including you know,

0:51:49.320 --> 0:51:51.759
<v Speaker 3>putting witnesses on the stand knowing that they were going

0:51:51.800 --> 0:51:54.480
<v Speaker 3>to lie, and telling them to lie. And this was

0:51:54.520 --> 0:51:59.000
<v Speaker 3>a letter from Upton Sinclair based on an interview with

0:51:59.160 --> 0:52:03.040
<v Speaker 3>Fred Moore, So it has a lot of teeth. But

0:52:03.120 --> 0:52:07.680
<v Speaker 3>the thing there was another letter from Upston Sinclair, another

0:52:07.800 --> 0:52:11.479
<v Speaker 3>quote from Upton Sinclair where he said that Fred Moore

0:52:11.520 --> 0:52:16.279
<v Speaker 3>had confessed to him that Vanzetti was innocent, and he

0:52:16.360 --> 0:52:19.760
<v Speaker 3>knew he was innocent, but he was pretty sure Soacho wasn't.

0:52:19.960 --> 0:52:21.600
<v Speaker 3>But all he had to do was go to the

0:52:22.600 --> 0:52:26.120
<v Speaker 3>jury and say, hey, we all know that you don't

0:52:26.160 --> 0:52:28.719
<v Speaker 3>have anything on Vanzetti. There's no reason for you to

0:52:30.000 --> 0:52:32.600
<v Speaker 3>prosecute this man. But he knew that if he did that,

0:52:32.600 --> 0:52:34.759
<v Speaker 3>the jury would be like, well, you're probably right, but

0:52:34.800 --> 0:52:37.319
<v Speaker 3>we're going to come down really hard on Soaco. So

0:52:37.400 --> 0:52:40.000
<v Speaker 3>he had this dilemma and he took it to Vanzetti,

0:52:40.120 --> 0:52:43.719
<v Speaker 3>he said, and Vanzetti said, you know what, try to

0:52:43.800 --> 0:52:48.120
<v Speaker 3>save Nick Nicholas Sacho. He has the wife, he has

0:52:48.160 --> 0:52:51.680
<v Speaker 3>the child. I don't try to get him off. So Vanzetti,

0:52:52.000 --> 0:52:55.279
<v Speaker 3>in this retelling by Fred Moore, gave his life on

0:52:55.360 --> 0:52:59.759
<v Speaker 3>the chance that Fred Moore could get Soacho off because

0:52:59.760 --> 0:53:01.840
<v Speaker 3>if he Scaco off, hed get Vanzetti off, if he

0:53:01.920 --> 0:53:05.840
<v Speaker 3>got Vanzetti off, he would almost surely sink Soco and

0:53:05.920 --> 0:53:11.160
<v Speaker 3>Vinzetti wouldn't take the take the opportunity to be acquitted

0:53:11.719 --> 0:53:14.000
<v Speaker 3>at the expense of Socco, which is pretty.

0:53:13.680 --> 0:53:14.880
<v Speaker 1>Amazing, amazing.

0:53:15.520 --> 0:53:19.160
<v Speaker 3>Yep. So that's Soacho and Vanzetti, everybody. That's what a

0:53:19.239 --> 0:53:20.440
<v Speaker 3>Socaco and Vanzetti is.

0:53:20.600 --> 0:53:23.920
<v Speaker 1>Now, you know, I guess one guilty and one innocent.

0:53:24.560 --> 0:53:25.520
<v Speaker 3>That's what it sounds like.

0:53:25.600 --> 0:53:26.440
<v Speaker 1>That's what it sounds like.

0:53:27.360 --> 0:53:29.480
<v Speaker 3>If you want to know more about Socco and Vanzetti,

0:53:29.560 --> 0:53:31.480
<v Speaker 3>go look up Doug Linder. I believe he has a

0:53:31.520 --> 0:53:34.919
<v Speaker 3>whole site on true crime. And there's plenty of other

0:53:35.000 --> 0:53:37.920
<v Speaker 3>stuff out there that we found too on the internet

0:53:38.280 --> 0:53:41.680
<v Speaker 3>about Socco and Vanzetti and their famous trial. And since

0:53:41.719 --> 0:53:44.239
<v Speaker 3>I said Socco and Vanzetti like eighty times, it's time

0:53:44.280 --> 0:53:45.120
<v Speaker 3>for listener mail.

0:53:47.680 --> 0:53:52.960
<v Speaker 1>I'm gonna call this response to a short stuff. Yeah right, Hey, guys, your.

0:53:52.920 --> 0:53:54.719
<v Speaker 2>Show's one of my favorite podcasts, so much so that

0:53:54.760 --> 0:53:56.439
<v Speaker 2>I've taken to listening to it while I get ready

0:53:56.440 --> 0:53:56.799
<v Speaker 2>for work.

0:53:57.480 --> 0:54:03.680
<v Speaker 1>WHOA, we know that as your acred time. Nadine I just.

0:54:03.640 --> 0:54:06.160
<v Speaker 2>Finished the episode on Black Loyalists and immediately started to

0:54:06.160 --> 0:54:09.640
<v Speaker 2>write the email. I'm a Rhode Islander in Nova Scotia

0:54:10.320 --> 0:54:12.359
<v Speaker 2>for work and got so excited to hear a little

0:54:12.360 --> 0:54:15.120
<v Speaker 2>piece of Nova Scotia's history on there. I looked into

0:54:15.160 --> 0:54:20.160
<v Speaker 2>the Loyalist Heritage Museum, but it only has weekday operation,

0:54:20.280 --> 0:54:21.919
<v Speaker 2>so I don't think I'll be able to make it there.

0:54:22.080 --> 0:54:24.160
<v Speaker 2>I will definitely do some exploring of halifaxx SO in

0:54:24.200 --> 0:54:26.319
<v Speaker 2>the coming weeks, and we'll be on the lookout for

0:54:26.360 --> 0:54:29.240
<v Speaker 2>more information. I just wanted to mention on the show

0:54:30.280 --> 0:54:32.440
<v Speaker 2>that it was Josh said that Rhode Island may not

0:54:32.480 --> 0:54:33.360
<v Speaker 2>have ever had slaves.

0:54:34.000 --> 0:54:34.719
<v Speaker 1>Actually, we were the.

0:54:34.680 --> 0:54:37.480
<v Speaker 2>First state to abolish slavery in sixteen fifty two, but

0:54:37.520 --> 0:54:40.000
<v Speaker 2>the law was mostly ignored and we ended up with

0:54:40.120 --> 0:54:43.359
<v Speaker 2>the most slaves per capita of any colony. I did

0:54:43.400 --> 0:54:45.760
<v Speaker 2>not know that we also had a pretty booming slave

0:54:45.840 --> 0:54:49.840
<v Speaker 2>trade in Newport, Rhode Island, now known for their gilded

0:54:49.880 --> 0:54:52.879
<v Speaker 2>aged splendor. A piece of Rhode Island history I'm sure

0:54:52.920 --> 0:54:55.520
<v Speaker 2>most don't learn in history class that I wanted to

0:54:55.560 --> 0:54:58.160
<v Speaker 2>shed light on. Thanks for always putting out a funny

0:54:58.440 --> 0:55:02.280
<v Speaker 2>and informative and entertaining. That is from Nadine Greed.

0:55:03.160 --> 0:55:06.360
<v Speaker 3>Thanks a lot, Nadine, that was great. Thanks for listening

0:55:06.440 --> 0:55:08.879
<v Speaker 3>while you get ready for work. Hope work's going well

0:55:08.960 --> 0:55:12.600
<v Speaker 3>up there in Nova Scotia. Just thinks bring to you

0:55:12.719 --> 0:55:16.239
<v Speaker 3>and everybody up there in Nova Scotia. Frankly, if you

0:55:16.280 --> 0:55:18.200
<v Speaker 3>want to get in touch with us, you can join

0:55:18.280 --> 0:55:21.520
<v Speaker 3>us on Stuffishould Know dot com. Check out our social

0:55:21.560 --> 0:55:24.080
<v Speaker 3>links there, and you can just send us a good

0:55:24.080 --> 0:55:26.920
<v Speaker 3>old fashioned email, wrap it up, spank it on the bottom,

0:55:27.160 --> 0:55:32.120
<v Speaker 3>and send it off to stuff Podcasts at HowStuffWorks dot com.

0:55:33.480 --> 0:55:36.360
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0:55:36.440 --> 0:55:40.640
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0:55:40.719 --> 0:55:42.600
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