1 00:00:01,080 --> 00:00:04,080 Speaker 1: Camp Hell Anawaki is a production of I Heart Radio. 2 00:00:04,320 --> 00:00:07,520 Speaker 1: The views and opinions expressing this podcast are solely those 3 00:00:07,560 --> 00:00:10,680 Speaker 1: of the author and participants and do not necessarily represent 4 00:00:10,760 --> 00:00:13,680 Speaker 1: those of I Heart Media or its employees. Due to 5 00:00:13,800 --> 00:00:18,599 Speaker 1: discussion of traumatic, sexual and violent content, listeners, discussion is advised. 6 00:00:19,960 --> 00:00:25,440 Speaker 1: That was the biggest disappointment of our lives. The committee 7 00:00:25,800 --> 00:00:30,480 Speaker 1: decided that, yeah, these things are happening. We believe you partially, 8 00:00:31,360 --> 00:00:34,320 Speaker 1: and so what we're gonna do is try to do 9 00:00:34,360 --> 00:00:36,640 Speaker 1: some kind of compromise here, because they didn't want to 10 00:00:36,640 --> 00:00:41,160 Speaker 1: close the camp down. The deal was, well, Louisa Kennet, 11 00:00:41,200 --> 00:00:43,639 Speaker 1: boys at your home anymore, you really shouldn't do that. 12 00:00:43,920 --> 00:00:46,600 Speaker 1: We're going to make you a different title, but otherwise 13 00:00:46,600 --> 00:00:49,760 Speaker 1: we're gonna leave you alone. And so they said you 14 00:00:49,800 --> 00:00:52,640 Speaker 1: can continue to be the director, that you can't be 15 00:00:52,720 --> 00:00:54,720 Speaker 1: on the campus, and you can't even do with the kids, 16 00:00:55,640 --> 00:01:00,080 Speaker 1: and otherwise nothing changed. Two weeks later, we understand and 17 00:01:00,240 --> 00:01:04,240 Speaker 1: he was back out there. Over a year after Roger 18 00:01:04,280 --> 00:01:07,800 Speaker 1: Brenn and Robert Dacastino had reported the abuse at Anawaki, 19 00:01:08,160 --> 00:01:12,480 Speaker 1: a deal had been made. No criminal charges were filed, 20 00:01:13,000 --> 00:01:16,400 Speaker 1: not even an official investigation by law enforcement was had 21 00:01:17,640 --> 00:01:20,560 Speaker 1: Louis Petter had been cleared of all charges under the 22 00:01:20,560 --> 00:01:24,119 Speaker 1: stipulation that he had no future contact with the boys 23 00:01:24,200 --> 00:01:28,560 Speaker 1: at Anawaki, the center would continue with little to no 24 00:01:28,760 --> 00:01:34,039 Speaker 1: change in its operation. It was emotionally painful to me 25 00:01:34,280 --> 00:01:38,520 Speaker 1: to see the lack of concern and reaction by the 26 00:01:38,560 --> 00:01:41,920 Speaker 1: authorities who had the duty to do something about this. 27 00:01:42,959 --> 00:01:46,200 Speaker 1: I couldn't even mention the name Louis Petter for ten years. 28 00:01:47,440 --> 00:01:51,080 Speaker 1: My experienced an Awake was so disillusioning. I just wanted 29 00:01:51,080 --> 00:01:54,400 Speaker 1: to put into my past. I never did volunteer work 30 00:01:54,440 --> 00:01:58,080 Speaker 1: after that in my life. Never ever, was the end 31 00:01:58,120 --> 00:02:04,000 Speaker 1: of that. Shortly after the hearing, Dagastino received a troubling 32 00:02:04,080 --> 00:02:08,000 Speaker 1: call from the Assistant Attorney General who had represented the state, 33 00:02:08,600 --> 00:02:14,320 Speaker 1: John Hinchy. He told me he was calling me from 34 00:02:14,360 --> 00:02:16,760 Speaker 1: outside his office a public film. He was afraid to 35 00:02:16,760 --> 00:02:20,280 Speaker 1: make the call from his office, and he said, look, 36 00:02:21,000 --> 00:02:24,440 Speaker 1: they've stopped the hearing. He said, yes, they're making a 37 00:02:24,520 --> 00:02:29,359 Speaker 1: deal and they're going to get you if they can. That. 38 00:02:29,680 --> 00:02:32,600 Speaker 1: They have decided that they're going to try and stop 39 00:02:32,639 --> 00:02:35,600 Speaker 1: you from taking the George Bar. They're going to go 40 00:02:35,680 --> 00:02:39,480 Speaker 1: after you hammer and tongue. They're getting a court order 41 00:02:39,520 --> 00:02:44,440 Speaker 1: to seal the hearing documents, and that court orders in process. Now, 42 00:02:45,639 --> 00:02:47,520 Speaker 1: if you can get a copy of the hearing and 43 00:02:47,600 --> 00:02:49,720 Speaker 1: gave me the name of the printer and addressed the 44 00:02:49,720 --> 00:02:52,960 Speaker 1: printer you've got a copy of that, This will protect you. 45 00:02:55,120 --> 00:02:59,240 Speaker 1: So I said, I had no money. I mean I 46 00:02:59,360 --> 00:03:02,080 Speaker 1: was working for next to nothing, was paying tuition, I 47 00:03:02,200 --> 00:03:04,919 Speaker 1: was paying rent sometimes I could, didn't have enough mind 48 00:03:04,919 --> 00:03:07,320 Speaker 1: to eat. I ran a tab at a local restaurant 49 00:03:07,320 --> 00:03:09,960 Speaker 1: because they trusted me that every time I get a paycheck, 50 00:03:10,040 --> 00:03:12,680 Speaker 1: got even them up. So I called a friend of 51 00:03:12,720 --> 00:03:17,239 Speaker 1: mine from Columbia College where I graduated, named Jerry Miller, 52 00:03:17,639 --> 00:03:20,800 Speaker 1: who was trust baby, and he had lots of money. 53 00:03:21,880 --> 00:03:25,640 Speaker 1: And I said, Jerry, I need five dollars and I 54 00:03:25,720 --> 00:03:30,080 Speaker 1: need it now. And I explayed the situation and Jerry said, 55 00:03:30,840 --> 00:03:34,160 Speaker 1: give me your wiring instructures to your bank, which I had, 56 00:03:35,080 --> 00:03:36,960 Speaker 1: and he said, I'm going to my bank now and 57 00:03:37,000 --> 00:03:40,280 Speaker 1: I will do the wire now. He went, he wired me, 58 00:03:40,360 --> 00:03:43,880 Speaker 1: the money, went into my account, took it out, gave 59 00:03:43,880 --> 00:03:46,840 Speaker 1: it to Rose Higbee, one of my fellow students. So 60 00:03:47,040 --> 00:03:49,760 Speaker 1: Rose was able to get it. So I have it here. 61 00:03:49,800 --> 00:03:54,160 Speaker 1: It is the copy of the transcript. Of course, there 62 00:03:54,160 --> 00:04:00,640 Speaker 1: are all sorts of other things that happened. Over the 63 00:04:00,680 --> 00:04:03,280 Speaker 1: past several weeks. We have received a number of very 64 00:04:03,280 --> 00:04:06,240 Speaker 1: serious allegations concerning both the facility out there in a 65 00:04:06,320 --> 00:04:10,640 Speaker 1: number of individuals involved with him. It was just a 66 00:04:10,680 --> 00:04:13,160 Speaker 1: form of their therapy. They were told to do it, 67 00:04:13,200 --> 00:04:15,200 Speaker 1: and at the time he was fourteen and a half, 68 00:04:15,240 --> 00:04:19,000 Speaker 1: fifteen years old, they didn't know any better. I asked him, 69 00:04:19,120 --> 00:04:21,599 Speaker 1: why are you letting this happen? Why are you covering 70 00:04:21,680 --> 00:04:24,159 Speaker 1: up for Louis Patter. He had no answer to that question, 71 00:04:24,920 --> 00:04:30,719 Speaker 1: involved having in this situation paid it host little could 72 00:04:30,760 --> 00:04:37,440 Speaker 1: be such a destricable place, and did do absolutely the 73 00:04:37,480 --> 00:04:42,080 Speaker 1: contrary of what they should have done. I'm disturbed a 74 00:04:42,080 --> 00:04:44,159 Speaker 1: little the fact of something its stealed. Water on it, 75 00:04:44,200 --> 00:04:48,760 Speaker 1: Anna Wicked. I'm Josh Stein and this is camp hell. 76 00:04:49,320 --> 00:04:55,159 Speaker 1: In a week around the time of the hearing, Rennan 77 00:04:55,240 --> 00:04:59,839 Speaker 1: Dagastino had moved into an apartment together. One night, sometime 78 00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:03,679 Speaker 1: after the hearing had concluded, they received an unexpected visit 79 00:05:03,920 --> 00:05:07,560 Speaker 1: from a patient at Anna Waki, one of the boys 80 00:05:07,839 --> 00:05:10,919 Speaker 1: who was working with Louie Petter. He came from my 81 00:05:11,040 --> 00:05:15,280 Speaker 1: apartment and Rose Higbee was there and Roger rent, and 82 00:05:15,480 --> 00:05:17,720 Speaker 1: he started telling me all the things that we're gonna 83 00:05:17,800 --> 00:05:20,760 Speaker 1: do to me. One of the kids came in and 84 00:05:20,800 --> 00:05:26,120 Speaker 1: said Dr Petter and his family are going to hurt you. 85 00:05:27,000 --> 00:05:29,320 Speaker 1: And I said, what are you talking about? And they said, well, 86 00:05:29,680 --> 00:05:33,360 Speaker 1: they're gonna hurt you. And I said, you're talking about physically, 87 00:05:34,240 --> 00:05:38,719 Speaker 1: what other way? In every way? And we're gonna have 88 00:05:38,920 --> 00:05:42,680 Speaker 1: sworn testimony that I abused the boys. Well, I got 89 00:05:42,720 --> 00:05:45,800 Speaker 1: a little bit angry. The guy came in and said, 90 00:05:45,920 --> 00:05:48,640 Speaker 1: I lied about you, and Bob rand him out of 91 00:05:48,680 --> 00:05:52,440 Speaker 1: the house. Bob has a temper. I've only seen it once. 92 00:05:53,640 --> 00:05:57,200 Speaker 1: There was a couch between him and I. I jumped 93 00:05:57,240 --> 00:06:00,080 Speaker 1: over the couch to try and grab him, be to 94 00:06:00,200 --> 00:06:02,840 Speaker 1: crap out of him, and he went right through the 95 00:06:02,880 --> 00:06:06,080 Speaker 1: screen door. Have you ever seen a rocket take off? 96 00:06:06,160 --> 00:06:08,839 Speaker 1: If this was faster than a rocket, I'd never seen 97 00:06:08,839 --> 00:06:12,200 Speaker 1: anymo operate. Bob has a lot of physical skills my 98 00:06:12,440 --> 00:06:15,640 Speaker 1: own body. He was there, and although he didn't hurt 99 00:06:15,640 --> 00:06:18,520 Speaker 1: the kid, I'm amazed that he didn't. He did run 100 00:06:18,600 --> 00:06:21,560 Speaker 1: him out of the house. So we were both scared, 101 00:06:22,040 --> 00:06:26,000 Speaker 1: and I was very concerned. Anytime I left the home, 102 00:06:26,120 --> 00:06:28,240 Speaker 1: I would turn the light on outside at night, and 103 00:06:28,279 --> 00:06:30,760 Speaker 1: then I'd watched and wait for about ten minutes. I 104 00:06:30,800 --> 00:06:34,200 Speaker 1: was scared. Sometimes I went out the back door and 105 00:06:34,240 --> 00:06:36,440 Speaker 1: went around the house to see if somebody was hiding there. 106 00:06:37,720 --> 00:06:41,200 Speaker 1: I felt paranoid on occasions I thought somebody was out 107 00:06:41,200 --> 00:06:43,400 Speaker 1: to get me. Well, we found out, of course, that 108 00:06:43,560 --> 00:06:46,040 Speaker 1: somebody was out to get us, and it was them, 109 00:06:46,080 --> 00:06:49,839 Speaker 1: and they were talking about what they were gonna do 110 00:06:49,920 --> 00:06:55,520 Speaker 1: to us. According to the kids, this unwanted visit was 111 00:06:55,600 --> 00:06:59,000 Speaker 1: not the last rend and Dagostino would see for Manawaki. 112 00:07:00,120 --> 00:07:03,680 Speaker 1: Dagostino would later learn that someone had attempted to frame 113 00:07:03,760 --> 00:07:10,320 Speaker 1: him for drug possession. There was some testimony that Peter 114 00:07:10,440 --> 00:07:14,160 Speaker 1: had ordered drugs to be planted in my car. At 115 00:07:14,200 --> 00:07:17,240 Speaker 1: that time. The car I had was a land Rover. 116 00:07:18,160 --> 00:07:20,600 Speaker 1: So the land Rover was somehow locked, which is something 117 00:07:20,640 --> 00:07:22,559 Speaker 1: I never did because I was hoping someone would steal 118 00:07:22,560 --> 00:07:24,720 Speaker 1: the damn thing because it was such a bad car. 119 00:07:25,040 --> 00:07:27,440 Speaker 1: But anyway, for one reason or another, it was locked 120 00:07:27,640 --> 00:07:29,720 Speaker 1: and they couldn't get into the car, so they put 121 00:07:29,840 --> 00:07:33,520 Speaker 1: the drugs in the wheel well. I went off roading 122 00:07:33,880 --> 00:07:37,880 Speaker 1: that weekend afterwards and was bumpy road and so someplace 123 00:07:37,920 --> 00:07:40,640 Speaker 1: in the North Georgia Mountains. There's this packet of drugs 124 00:07:40,760 --> 00:07:44,840 Speaker 1: that fell out my wheel. Well, we understood that someone 125 00:07:44,920 --> 00:07:49,360 Speaker 1: had placed in Bob's land rover some cocaine in the 126 00:07:49,520 --> 00:07:54,000 Speaker 1: spare tire, and that we were about to be rated 127 00:07:54,080 --> 00:07:57,560 Speaker 1: for pushing drugs. And of course that scared the dickens 128 00:07:57,600 --> 00:08:00,559 Speaker 1: out of me when I heard that show. Really, after 129 00:08:00,600 --> 00:08:04,880 Speaker 1: this incident, authorities showed up at the apartment looking for Dagostino. 130 00:08:06,040 --> 00:08:08,560 Speaker 1: The authorities had been tipped off and the threat to 131 00:08:08,600 --> 00:08:13,800 Speaker 1: get Dagastino arrested proved true. Well, we had a couple 132 00:08:13,800 --> 00:08:18,040 Speaker 1: of police officers come to the house looking for him, 133 00:08:18,200 --> 00:08:20,880 Speaker 1: and we couldn't figure out what was going on. It 134 00:08:20,920 --> 00:08:24,520 Speaker 1: was very unusual. They then swad a warrant from my arrest, 135 00:08:24,560 --> 00:08:26,840 Speaker 1: so I was arrested for a soul. I said, I'm 136 00:08:26,840 --> 00:08:28,760 Speaker 1: just sorry I didn't quite get to do the battery. 137 00:08:29,840 --> 00:08:32,680 Speaker 1: Bob recalls his day in court and how the judge 138 00:08:32,760 --> 00:08:36,880 Speaker 1: reacted to his ordeal. I told him some of the backstory, 139 00:08:37,120 --> 00:08:39,360 Speaker 1: but what he was accused me of doing. They didn't 140 00:08:39,360 --> 00:08:44,599 Speaker 1: show up anyway, judge says. Kate dismissed Anna wake he 141 00:08:44,720 --> 00:08:47,079 Speaker 1: had managed to slip through the cracks of the Georgia 142 00:08:47,160 --> 00:08:52,760 Speaker 1: legal system. Following their hearing, in Petter, having stepped down 143 00:08:52,760 --> 00:08:57,400 Speaker 1: as director, was replaced by a Mr. Charles Rampley. With 144 00:08:57,440 --> 00:09:00,440 Speaker 1: Petter not in this role, there was nothing that could 145 00:09:00,440 --> 00:09:04,240 Speaker 1: be charged against the Innawaki Foundation. In a letter from 146 00:09:04,320 --> 00:09:08,640 Speaker 1: Chairman Donald Howe to the panel following the hearing, he states, quote, 147 00:09:09,600 --> 00:09:13,360 Speaker 1: the Board will of course scrutinize carefully and frequently the 148 00:09:13,400 --> 00:09:16,520 Speaker 1: activities of this establishment, so that it seems to me 149 00:09:16,760 --> 00:09:21,520 Speaker 1: this situation has been resolved in a satisfactory manner. Shortly 150 00:09:21,559 --> 00:09:24,760 Speaker 1: after this deal was made to keep Petter off campus grounds, 151 00:09:25,200 --> 00:09:28,679 Speaker 1: a new license was issued allowing in Awaki to continue 152 00:09:28,880 --> 00:09:33,280 Speaker 1: as a child caring institution. Journalist Albert Edgin says this 153 00:09:33,480 --> 00:09:37,160 Speaker 1: oversight and lack of investigation into child abuse was a 154 00:09:37,240 --> 00:09:41,480 Speaker 1: sign of the times back then. It's fair to say 155 00:09:41,520 --> 00:09:46,120 Speaker 1: that the ideas about victims and treatment and the whole 156 00:09:46,640 --> 00:09:50,280 Speaker 1: panoplay were I wouldn't say primitive, but they certainly weren't 157 00:09:50,320 --> 00:09:53,240 Speaker 1: as developed as they are today. Not at the time, 158 00:09:54,000 --> 00:10:01,959 Speaker 1: there was a tendency to not believe victims. Much much 159 00:10:02,120 --> 00:10:05,880 Speaker 1: more acute than it is now, and it can be 160 00:10:05,880 --> 00:10:09,440 Speaker 1: acute now, but the best way to describe it is 161 00:10:09,480 --> 00:10:12,680 Speaker 1: that in the nineteen sixties there was abuse going on, 162 00:10:12,840 --> 00:10:16,520 Speaker 1: and people knew there was abuse going on. Somehow they 163 00:10:16,559 --> 00:10:19,640 Speaker 1: turned their heads to it. But when it finally was 164 00:10:20,240 --> 00:10:25,880 Speaker 1: litigated by the state in a administrative way, what happened 165 00:10:25,960 --> 00:10:32,280 Speaker 1: was it the victims, the targets of the abuse, were questioned, 166 00:10:32,840 --> 00:10:36,680 Speaker 1: their backgrounds were brought out against them. These were children 167 00:10:36,679 --> 00:10:40,160 Speaker 1: who were being treated for emotional troubles, and yet when 168 00:10:40,160 --> 00:10:43,800 Speaker 1: they made these accusations, their emotional troubles were used as 169 00:10:43,920 --> 00:10:47,560 Speaker 1: evidence that they were lying. The difference between then and 170 00:10:47,640 --> 00:10:50,240 Speaker 1: now is that it was almost as if the assumption 171 00:10:50,920 --> 00:10:52,920 Speaker 1: was that they were lying and they had to prove it. 172 00:10:53,440 --> 00:10:57,000 Speaker 1: There was no or very very little wiggle room, given 173 00:10:57,679 --> 00:11:01,040 Speaker 1: very little accommodation, very little thought about the idea that 174 00:11:01,080 --> 00:11:04,680 Speaker 1: they may be telling the truth. Albert says that during 175 00:11:04,679 --> 00:11:07,520 Speaker 1: this time, it would be hard for an administrator to 176 00:11:07,600 --> 00:11:10,240 Speaker 1: even wrap their heads around the idea that this type 177 00:11:10,240 --> 00:11:13,920 Speaker 1: of abuse between a man and children was even capable 178 00:11:14,000 --> 00:11:20,120 Speaker 1: of happening. So think about now, children who are being 179 00:11:20,160 --> 00:11:26,280 Speaker 1: supervised by somebody who is just an abusive guy who's 180 00:11:26,360 --> 00:11:31,880 Speaker 1: having relationships sexual relationships with young boys. In the minds 181 00:11:31,920 --> 00:11:35,880 Speaker 1: of an administrator of a health department in Georgia. He 182 00:11:36,000 --> 00:11:41,680 Speaker 1: can't comprehend that he wants to not believe that because 183 00:11:41,720 --> 00:11:46,320 Speaker 1: he's so confused about the question of homosexuality in the 184 00:11:46,360 --> 00:11:51,440 Speaker 1: first place, that that doesn't compute with that guy. So 185 00:11:52,280 --> 00:11:55,760 Speaker 1: you have a hearing, and you have troubled kids and 186 00:11:55,840 --> 00:11:58,240 Speaker 1: this has happened to them, and the guy who has 187 00:11:58,280 --> 00:12:03,439 Speaker 1: been accused says, hey, come on, these kids are liars, 188 00:12:03,800 --> 00:12:07,160 Speaker 1: their pathological liars. I've got the evidence of it right 189 00:12:07,240 --> 00:12:11,160 Speaker 1: here in my psychiatric files. That's the end of that. 190 00:12:29,400 --> 00:12:32,640 Speaker 1: It's hard to understand how something as serious as sexual 191 00:12:32,679 --> 00:12:35,640 Speaker 1: abuse of miners could have slipped by local government in 192 00:12:35,679 --> 00:12:39,400 Speaker 1: the nineteen seventies. To give some context as to what 193 00:12:39,559 --> 00:12:42,440 Speaker 1: led to this massive oversight, you have to look at 194 00:12:42,480 --> 00:12:44,920 Speaker 1: what was going on in Georgia politics at the time. 195 00:12:45,679 --> 00:12:49,800 Speaker 1: In seventy, the same year of the Anawaki hearing, Jimmy 196 00:12:49,840 --> 00:12:53,240 Speaker 1: Carter made the shift from state senator to governor of Georgia. 197 00:12:53,800 --> 00:12:57,440 Speaker 1: Petter's confidant, Jim Parham, who had served as the director 198 00:12:57,520 --> 00:13:00,320 Speaker 1: for de Facts for a number of years, would go 199 00:13:00,320 --> 00:13:04,160 Speaker 1: on to play an integral role in Jimmy Carter's cabinet. 200 00:13:04,160 --> 00:13:07,840 Speaker 1: This career opportunity for parm would greatly affect the future 201 00:13:07,960 --> 00:13:12,800 Speaker 1: of Anawaki. Jimmy Carter ran for governor at Georgia on 202 00:13:12,920 --> 00:13:16,480 Speaker 1: the idea that he was going to reorganize government, and 203 00:13:16,760 --> 00:13:19,280 Speaker 1: when he did when he got into the governor's office, 204 00:13:19,520 --> 00:13:23,040 Speaker 1: the biggest part of that job, that promise, was to 205 00:13:23,080 --> 00:13:26,240 Speaker 1: take all the health facilities, state health facilities and to 206 00:13:26,320 --> 00:13:29,680 Speaker 1: get him under one big organized umbrella. In order to 207 00:13:29,760 --> 00:13:33,960 Speaker 1: do that, he appointed param to figure it out. Parum 208 00:13:34,040 --> 00:13:35,960 Speaker 1: did figure it out. He did a good job and 209 00:13:36,040 --> 00:13:38,400 Speaker 1: figuring it out, but it had to do with stepping 210 00:13:38,440 --> 00:13:41,839 Speaker 1: on a lot of toes along the way. Every legislator, 211 00:13:42,040 --> 00:13:44,920 Speaker 1: every member of the House, every member the Senate had 212 00:13:44,920 --> 00:13:48,199 Speaker 1: a stake in it because their health departments in every county, 213 00:13:48,480 --> 00:13:53,439 Speaker 1: their hospitals. During Carter's time as Georgia governor, the number 214 00:13:53,440 --> 00:13:56,920 Speaker 1: of government agencies dropped from over three hundred to a 215 00:13:56,960 --> 00:14:01,760 Speaker 1: consolidated two overall departments, with the heads of each reporting 216 00:14:01,800 --> 00:14:05,640 Speaker 1: directly to the governor. While this may have streamlined the 217 00:14:05,679 --> 00:14:09,560 Speaker 1: local government bureaucracy, it may have also left an opening 218 00:14:09,600 --> 00:14:13,360 Speaker 1: for lack of oversight. One of the most controversial of 219 00:14:13,360 --> 00:14:17,959 Speaker 1: these consolidations was the newly formed Department of Human Resources. 220 00:14:18,200 --> 00:14:21,240 Speaker 1: It is under this department that every health and welfare 221 00:14:21,360 --> 00:14:25,600 Speaker 1: organization in the state was lumped together. Shortly after the 222 00:14:25,640 --> 00:14:29,640 Speaker 1: hearing regarding Anawaki's license, Jim Parm was put in charge 223 00:14:29,680 --> 00:14:32,360 Speaker 1: as the director of the Department of Family and Children's 224 00:14:32,360 --> 00:14:36,840 Speaker 1: Services or Defacts, the same department which held said hearing. 225 00:14:38,160 --> 00:14:41,320 Speaker 1: A year later, the department would be absorbed into the 226 00:14:41,360 --> 00:14:45,640 Speaker 1: aforementioned Department of Human Resources, with Parm serving as its 227 00:14:45,640 --> 00:14:50,680 Speaker 1: deputy commissioner. As second in command for this expansive department, 228 00:14:51,280 --> 00:14:55,680 Speaker 1: Parum would have sway over a key factor, what organizations 229 00:14:55,720 --> 00:15:01,800 Speaker 1: could qualify as a licensed medical facility. Harm had been 230 00:15:01,840 --> 00:15:06,080 Speaker 1: instrumental in helping Petter get Anawake he accredited as a 231 00:15:06,160 --> 00:15:10,360 Speaker 1: psychiatric hospital. That was pivotal for Antawaki because when they 232 00:15:10,360 --> 00:15:14,880 Speaker 1: were accredited as a hospital, they became eligible for third 233 00:15:14,920 --> 00:15:20,120 Speaker 1: party insurance payments, and that made an Awake a gold mine. 234 00:15:22,040 --> 00:15:26,040 Speaker 1: The first correspondence regarding accrediting an Awake as a licensed 235 00:15:26,080 --> 00:15:29,320 Speaker 1: hospital appears to be a letter from the Comptroller General 236 00:15:29,320 --> 00:15:34,320 Speaker 1: of Georgia to Lewis Petter from two In it, Comptroller 237 00:15:34,440 --> 00:15:37,720 Speaker 1: General Johnny Calledwell refers to a meeting with the staff 238 00:15:37,760 --> 00:15:41,800 Speaker 1: of an Awake in review of the treatment center Calledwell 239 00:15:41,960 --> 00:15:44,560 Speaker 1: provides a list of violations of the building which go 240 00:15:44,640 --> 00:15:48,320 Speaker 1: against the requirements of the Safety Code for Hospitals. In 241 00:15:48,360 --> 00:15:51,560 Speaker 1: the trip reports sheets sent to the then director of Anawaki, 242 00:15:51,920 --> 00:15:56,080 Speaker 1: James Henry Evans, it states the purpose of this visit 243 00:15:56,160 --> 00:15:58,600 Speaker 1: was to determine whether or not this treatment center can 244 00:15:58,640 --> 00:16:03,040 Speaker 1: be licensed as a psyche patric hospital. It appears doubtful 245 00:16:03,120 --> 00:16:06,880 Speaker 1: that this can be done under current criteria for psychiatric hospitals. 246 00:16:07,480 --> 00:16:09,360 Speaker 1: There is not a building at the site which in 247 00:16:09,400 --> 00:16:13,480 Speaker 1: any way resembles a psychiatric institution. It appears to this 248 00:16:13,640 --> 00:16:17,880 Speaker 1: organization maybe serving a very useful purpose in rehabilitating wayward, 249 00:16:17,960 --> 00:16:21,240 Speaker 1: delinquent or emotionally disturbed boys, but it is done in 250 00:16:21,280 --> 00:16:25,560 Speaker 1: a completely an institutionalized setting, in the relaxed atmosphere of 251 00:16:25,600 --> 00:16:29,080 Speaker 1: a summer camp. This rejection would not be the end 252 00:16:29,080 --> 00:16:32,720 Speaker 1: of Petter's attempt at getting this license. In a string 253 00:16:32,760 --> 00:16:36,440 Speaker 1: of memos provided from the Georgia State Archives, we see 254 00:16:36,480 --> 00:16:40,040 Speaker 1: Petter once again using his friends in high places to 255 00:16:40,120 --> 00:16:48,400 Speaker 1: help move red tape. The documentation that I found that 256 00:16:48,640 --> 00:16:53,760 Speaker 1: showed the relationship between Petter and Parham The most troubling 257 00:16:53,800 --> 00:16:57,840 Speaker 1: of that documentation had to do with memos that param 258 00:16:57,920 --> 00:17:02,120 Speaker 1: had written to other administrat administrators that worked for him 259 00:17:02,160 --> 00:17:05,639 Speaker 1: at the Department of Human Resources at the time, basically 260 00:17:05,680 --> 00:17:09,600 Speaker 1: pushing them to grant this hospital license. They had questions 261 00:17:09,640 --> 00:17:14,399 Speaker 1: about it, and he wrote that basically without saying so, 262 00:17:14,480 --> 00:17:17,040 Speaker 1: and they never do this in bureaucratic documents, but it 263 00:17:17,119 --> 00:17:19,480 Speaker 1: was clear that the purpose of the document was to 264 00:17:19,520 --> 00:17:23,639 Speaker 1: tell them grant this guy this license. The string of 265 00:17:23,680 --> 00:17:27,160 Speaker 1: memos to which Albert is referring to begins innocently enough 266 00:17:27,600 --> 00:17:30,679 Speaker 1: with a letter from a concerned teacher dating from November 267 00:17:30,680 --> 00:17:35,680 Speaker 1: of nine. This would begin a domino effect that would 268 00:17:35,760 --> 00:17:40,480 Speaker 1: forever change the future of Annawaki. In the letter, she 269 00:17:40,600 --> 00:17:43,640 Speaker 1: writes of a mentally handicapped student of hers who had 270 00:17:43,680 --> 00:17:47,880 Speaker 1: trouble adapting to normal school environments but expressed an interest 271 00:17:47,960 --> 00:17:51,040 Speaker 1: in outdoors and camping, whom she believed would be a 272 00:17:51,040 --> 00:17:55,520 Speaker 1: perfect fit for Annawaki. The problem was the ever growing 273 00:17:55,560 --> 00:17:59,440 Speaker 1: cost of enrollment in the program. The student's family could 274 00:17:59,480 --> 00:18:03,760 Speaker 1: simply not afford it. Over the next months would follow 275 00:18:03,760 --> 00:18:06,560 Speaker 1: it back and forth of letters between the administration of 276 00:18:06,560 --> 00:18:09,480 Speaker 1: an Awaki and a number of people from different health 277 00:18:09,560 --> 00:18:13,480 Speaker 1: organizations the state offered to pay the required rate for 278 00:18:13,560 --> 00:18:18,119 Speaker 1: aid to families with dependent children. Administrator of Annawaki, James 279 00:18:18,119 --> 00:18:21,280 Speaker 1: Evans response would be that the rate was so inadequate 280 00:18:21,760 --> 00:18:24,720 Speaker 1: that the institution should not be included among any list 281 00:18:24,760 --> 00:18:28,800 Speaker 1: of programs for whom these rates were established. In other words, 282 00:18:29,200 --> 00:18:33,200 Speaker 1: it wasn't enough money. This was just the opportunity had 283 00:18:33,280 --> 00:18:37,280 Speaker 1: or needed to finally license an Awake as a medical facility, 284 00:18:37,680 --> 00:18:39,920 Speaker 1: and he would call on his friend Jim Para to 285 00:18:40,040 --> 00:18:43,920 Speaker 1: help make it happen. In a letter from ninety three, 286 00:18:44,359 --> 00:18:47,400 Speaker 1: PARAM inquired at the Division of Mental Health would recommend 287 00:18:47,560 --> 00:18:50,960 Speaker 1: that Anawaki be granted a provisional license as a special 288 00:18:50,960 --> 00:18:55,680 Speaker 1: psychiatric hospital and if so, what steps would be required 289 00:18:55,720 --> 00:19:01,560 Speaker 1: to obtain said license. Their superior he was a deputy 290 00:19:01,560 --> 00:19:05,159 Speaker 1: director of the division of the department. He had written 291 00:19:05,200 --> 00:19:09,520 Speaker 1: this to three bureaucrats who were his underlinks this parallel 292 00:19:09,600 --> 00:19:13,360 Speaker 1: documentation that was in the state archives that shows that 293 00:19:13,520 --> 00:19:24,399 Speaker 1: Peder was pressuring part to accelerate the process. In a 294 00:19:24,440 --> 00:19:28,000 Speaker 1: reply to one of param's inquiries, director of the Legal 295 00:19:28,080 --> 00:19:32,560 Speaker 1: Services Unit Rights, assuming the facility can convince the various 296 00:19:32,640 --> 00:19:36,840 Speaker 1: units making recommendations to the Quality Control Unit. The department 297 00:19:36,920 --> 00:19:41,119 Speaker 1: presently has the legal authority to license the facility without 298 00:19:41,160 --> 00:19:46,000 Speaker 1: any additional legislation. Anawaki was soon fast tracked to receive 299 00:19:46,040 --> 00:19:48,960 Speaker 1: their license to operate in the State of Georgia as 300 00:19:48,960 --> 00:19:53,399 Speaker 1: a psychiatric hospital. In a memo regarding this matter, it 301 00:19:53,480 --> 00:19:57,200 Speaker 1: has stated the quote, if consideration is given to licensing 302 00:19:57,240 --> 00:20:00,440 Speaker 1: this center, we believe it will be necessary to waigh 303 00:20:00,520 --> 00:20:04,320 Speaker 1: physical plant requirements and let the program of services be 304 00:20:04,480 --> 00:20:08,879 Speaker 1: the determining factor. Basically, if the State of Georgia was 305 00:20:08,920 --> 00:20:12,720 Speaker 1: going to give Anawaki a license, a special exemption would 306 00:20:12,760 --> 00:20:17,400 Speaker 1: have to be made around any building requirements. Shortly after this, 307 00:20:17,840 --> 00:20:20,520 Speaker 1: the Division of Mental Health wrote a glowing review of 308 00:20:20,520 --> 00:20:23,760 Speaker 1: an Awaki to the Chief of the Standards and Licensing Unit, 309 00:20:24,280 --> 00:20:29,240 Speaker 1: the department in charge of granting licenses. In March of 310 00:20:29,320 --> 00:20:33,400 Speaker 1: seventy four, Annawake was granted a six month provisional license 311 00:20:33,520 --> 00:20:37,680 Speaker 1: to operate as a state mental hospital. The special provision 312 00:20:37,800 --> 00:20:41,040 Speaker 1: was made which ignored any violations of the building requirements 313 00:20:41,080 --> 00:20:44,560 Speaker 1: of a medical hospital. Jim Parum followed up with a 314 00:20:44,640 --> 00:20:49,119 Speaker 1: letter to Louis Petter. It read, Dear Lewis, just a 315 00:20:49,200 --> 00:20:51,800 Speaker 1: quick note to thank you for the tour. I was 316 00:20:51,880 --> 00:20:54,840 Speaker 1: greatly impressed with your program and the attitudes of boys 317 00:20:54,880 --> 00:20:58,200 Speaker 1: with whom I spoke. You and the staff deserve great 318 00:20:58,200 --> 00:21:00,760 Speaker 1: credit for the job you were doing. If I could 319 00:21:00,800 --> 00:21:05,000 Speaker 1: send more state kids, I certainly would. They all seem 320 00:21:05,080 --> 00:21:09,080 Speaker 1: to be doing well again. Thanks, keep up the good 321 00:21:09,080 --> 00:21:14,720 Speaker 1: work as ever, Jim. Not five years after Louis Petter 322 00:21:14,760 --> 00:21:17,720 Speaker 1: and Anna Wake were put on trial, Jim Parum was 323 00:21:17,800 --> 00:21:21,720 Speaker 1: singing their praises. Harms influence would help keep Anna Wake 324 00:21:21,920 --> 00:21:24,640 Speaker 1: in good standing and would later lead to a permanent 325 00:21:24,680 --> 00:21:27,920 Speaker 1: license as a medical facility in the state of Georgia. 326 00:21:28,119 --> 00:21:31,720 Speaker 1: Now and Awake could collect third party payments from any 327 00:21:31,720 --> 00:21:35,920 Speaker 1: of their patients medical insurance, essentially opening the floodgates to 328 00:21:36,000 --> 00:21:40,160 Speaker 1: increased premiums through which the Petter family stood to make millions. 329 00:21:41,000 --> 00:21:43,720 Speaker 1: Parm in the meantime, would continue working his way up 330 00:21:43,760 --> 00:21:47,480 Speaker 1: the chain of government bodies, ultimately leading to his highest 331 00:21:47,560 --> 00:21:50,560 Speaker 1: ranking government he would take just a few years later. 332 00:21:52,200 --> 00:21:54,800 Speaker 1: When Carter ran for president, he said he was going 333 00:21:54,880 --> 00:21:57,960 Speaker 1: to reorganize the federal government, and he was gonna do 334 00:21:58,040 --> 00:21:59,920 Speaker 1: it in the same way that he had reorganized the 335 00:22:00,000 --> 00:22:03,159 Speaker 1: state government, which he said had been so successful. And 336 00:22:03,240 --> 00:22:09,159 Speaker 1: when he became president, he appointed Parham to oversee that effort. Harum, 337 00:22:09,520 --> 00:22:11,800 Speaker 1: who was a poor boy who grew up in a 338 00:22:11,920 --> 00:22:15,119 Speaker 1: cotton mill village in the city of Atlanta, went all 339 00:22:15,160 --> 00:22:18,480 Speaker 1: away from the cotton mill villages of Atlanta to Washington 340 00:22:18,560 --> 00:22:23,520 Speaker 1: with Jimmy Carter. Anna Wake had received their medical license 341 00:22:24,040 --> 00:22:26,679 Speaker 1: and now had one of its biggest proponents in the 342 00:22:26,720 --> 00:22:30,960 Speaker 1: White House. Serving under Jimmy Carter's cabinet, it seemed nothing 343 00:22:31,040 --> 00:22:35,160 Speaker 1: was shut down the facility. By most accounts, Petter felt 344 00:22:35,160 --> 00:22:38,359 Speaker 1: he was untouchable by the law, and at this point 345 00:22:38,760 --> 00:22:59,359 Speaker 1: he may as well have been. As the seventies progressed 346 00:22:59,640 --> 00:23:02,680 Speaker 1: in a Waky became more ingrained in Georgia and neighboring 347 00:23:02,760 --> 00:23:06,399 Speaker 1: state's way of dealing with troubled youth, wards of the 348 00:23:06,480 --> 00:23:10,120 Speaker 1: state were now being sent there, and the program continued 349 00:23:10,160 --> 00:23:13,720 Speaker 1: to devolve into something much harsher than when it initially began. 350 00:23:14,960 --> 00:23:17,920 Speaker 1: One of the main structures on the Innawaki campus mentioned 351 00:23:17,920 --> 00:23:21,359 Speaker 1: in the State Archives licensing documents is the E and 352 00:23:21,480 --> 00:23:25,239 Speaker 1: O Building. This was mentioned in an earlier episode as 353 00:23:25,280 --> 00:23:28,920 Speaker 1: it was formerly known among patients as the Quiet Room, 354 00:23:28,960 --> 00:23:31,680 Speaker 1: a form of solitary confinement which was meant to break 355 00:23:31,760 --> 00:23:35,840 Speaker 1: down patients upon their arrival or for punishment when acting out. 356 00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:40,240 Speaker 1: Evaluation and observation had progressed to being one of the 357 00:23:40,280 --> 00:23:43,960 Speaker 1: cruelest aspects of an awaki, one that every patient would 358 00:23:44,000 --> 00:23:48,439 Speaker 1: be met with immediately upon arrival. Here's Mark Sublett, an 359 00:23:48,440 --> 00:23:56,040 Speaker 1: Anawaki survivor. Your first arrival, you would go in and 360 00:23:56,080 --> 00:23:58,560 Speaker 1: meet with a case worker lady, and then that's when 361 00:23:58,800 --> 00:24:04,760 Speaker 1: things kind of started turning a different way. They told 362 00:24:04,760 --> 00:24:09,160 Speaker 1: me you would have to be processed and evaluation, so 363 00:24:09,240 --> 00:24:11,720 Speaker 1: you would go to a place called the E. N 364 00:24:11,880 --> 00:24:15,600 Speaker 1: O Unit. So you'd first be led into this little 365 00:24:15,680 --> 00:24:19,720 Speaker 1: room eight by eight. Anyway, they take in and tell 366 00:24:19,760 --> 00:24:21,960 Speaker 1: you you're gonna have to take off all your clothes 367 00:24:22,000 --> 00:24:24,560 Speaker 1: and they're gonna have to evaluate you and observe you 368 00:24:24,600 --> 00:24:27,040 Speaker 1: to make sure you're not gonna harm yourself or do anything. 369 00:24:27,080 --> 00:24:30,560 Speaker 1: For twenty four hours, you're removed of your clothes and 370 00:24:30,800 --> 00:24:33,520 Speaker 1: you're giving a green robe just like at the hospital, 371 00:24:34,040 --> 00:24:37,600 Speaker 1: a little bit more concealing, but not much. And then 372 00:24:37,640 --> 00:24:41,280 Speaker 1: you're put into a room and you're locked up for 373 00:24:41,280 --> 00:24:46,640 Speaker 1: forty eight hours. And that's how you're initially brought into 374 00:24:47,119 --> 00:24:54,000 Speaker 1: the anawaking system. Here's another survivor Chris McKnight. The gentleman 375 00:24:54,080 --> 00:24:57,159 Speaker 1: buzzed the door, and they buzzed you in, and you 376 00:24:57,240 --> 00:25:00,320 Speaker 1: walk into a small fourier with two chi airs and 377 00:25:00,320 --> 00:25:04,560 Speaker 1: a really small round table. The room is about ten 378 00:25:04,600 --> 00:25:09,720 Speaker 1: ft by eight ft. Two doors, both locked, the glass 379 00:25:09,760 --> 00:25:14,199 Speaker 1: top plexiglass top part of the door. So you go 380 00:25:14,280 --> 00:25:17,639 Speaker 1: in there, and the first thing you do is they 381 00:25:17,680 --> 00:25:22,320 Speaker 1: tell you to strip. I had just turned nine ten 382 00:25:22,400 --> 00:25:25,920 Speaker 1: days before this. I looked more like I was seven. 383 00:25:27,160 --> 00:25:31,359 Speaker 1: I was really confused, and I sat down and said no. 384 00:25:31,920 --> 00:25:34,680 Speaker 1: And so the gentleman leaned over and in a much 385 00:25:34,680 --> 00:25:37,440 Speaker 1: harsher voice, said, you need to strip naked now, or 386 00:25:37,480 --> 00:25:40,960 Speaker 1: I'm going to do it for you. So I started 387 00:25:40,960 --> 00:25:44,280 Speaker 1: to get pretty scared. I was a very small child. 388 00:25:44,400 --> 00:25:46,640 Speaker 1: So what did I do. I started to take off 389 00:25:46,680 --> 00:25:50,920 Speaker 1: my clothes. I'm naked, and they rolled up my clothes 390 00:25:51,280 --> 00:25:54,080 Speaker 1: and they buzzed me through the other door with the 391 00:25:54,119 --> 00:25:58,200 Speaker 1: group leader. And I looked to my left and there's 392 00:25:58,520 --> 00:26:04,600 Speaker 1: a day room and there's about fifteen teenage boys with 393 00:26:04,640 --> 00:26:09,040 Speaker 1: their clothes on, and a couple other older gentleman group 394 00:26:09,160 --> 00:26:12,400 Speaker 1: leaders as it turned out, and they're all looking at me, 395 00:26:13,320 --> 00:26:16,879 Speaker 1: and I'm standing there naked, and I just start to cry. 396 00:26:18,520 --> 00:26:21,679 Speaker 1: I felt alone many times in my life, but this 397 00:26:21,840 --> 00:26:25,919 Speaker 1: was like I felt like on my own alone. This 398 00:26:26,040 --> 00:26:29,320 Speaker 1: was like a whole another kind of level of being 399 00:26:29,400 --> 00:26:36,280 Speaker 1: scared and frightened. So they walk you through the day room, 400 00:26:36,320 --> 00:26:41,320 Speaker 1: which is room about forty by forty ft and you 401 00:26:41,359 --> 00:26:44,320 Speaker 1: walk through it, and you go through another door, and 402 00:26:44,400 --> 00:26:49,640 Speaker 1: immediately to your left is a bathroom and they tell 403 00:26:49,640 --> 00:26:52,840 Speaker 1: you have a one minute to take a shower, and 404 00:26:53,080 --> 00:26:56,600 Speaker 1: you take a quick shower, and then they give you 405 00:26:56,640 --> 00:26:59,760 Speaker 1: a robe, a green robe, tell you to put it on. 406 00:27:00,640 --> 00:27:04,119 Speaker 1: You walk out of the bathroom. To your immediate left 407 00:27:05,320 --> 00:27:08,119 Speaker 1: is a room. They put you in its room about 408 00:27:09,160 --> 00:27:15,200 Speaker 1: twelve ft by a eight ft with a mattress, a blanket, 409 00:27:15,400 --> 00:27:19,359 Speaker 1: a pillow, and a bible and that was it. High 410 00:27:19,480 --> 00:27:23,840 Speaker 1: ceilings with a big plexiglass window at the top, and 411 00:27:23,840 --> 00:27:27,080 Speaker 1: then they locked the door. And there you spend twenty 412 00:27:27,160 --> 00:27:30,560 Speaker 1: four hours and they bring you your meals. You are 413 00:27:30,640 --> 00:27:34,680 Speaker 1: in the room by yourself. It's very degrading. I mean, 414 00:27:34,720 --> 00:27:36,720 Speaker 1: I understand kind of like they want to break you 415 00:27:36,800 --> 00:27:39,800 Speaker 1: down to build you up, but this was your humiliation. 416 00:27:40,080 --> 00:27:43,160 Speaker 1: This wasn't breaking you down to get to the root 417 00:27:43,320 --> 00:27:46,440 Speaker 1: of maybe your problems or your issues, or what's going 418 00:27:46,480 --> 00:27:49,359 Speaker 1: on in your life. This was just straight up humiliation. 419 00:27:50,160 --> 00:27:52,680 Speaker 1: There was no need to parade kids through a day 420 00:27:52,760 --> 00:28:00,560 Speaker 1: room naked to enter a program like this. After the 421 00:28:00,600 --> 00:28:05,199 Speaker 1: initial forty eight hours of solitary confinement, patients were then 422 00:28:05,240 --> 00:28:07,200 Speaker 1: put in a room that would be shared with anywhere 423 00:28:07,200 --> 00:28:10,639 Speaker 1: from four to six other boys. Talking was still not 424 00:28:10,720 --> 00:28:15,320 Speaker 1: permitted at any time, and exercise was very limited. The 425 00:28:15,320 --> 00:28:18,280 Speaker 1: rest of the days were spent in silence, and patients 426 00:28:18,280 --> 00:28:21,080 Speaker 1: had to ask permission for any type of movement like 427 00:28:21,200 --> 00:28:24,440 Speaker 1: going to the restroom. If allowed, you were to follow 428 00:28:24,520 --> 00:28:27,560 Speaker 1: a yellow line painted on the floor and not permitted 429 00:28:27,560 --> 00:28:30,919 Speaker 1: to stray from it. Mark Butler says that like the 430 00:28:30,960 --> 00:28:35,720 Speaker 1: rest of the Innawiki program, every basic rite, even wearing clothes, 431 00:28:36,200 --> 00:28:39,360 Speaker 1: had to be earned. It takes you while to earn 432 00:28:39,480 --> 00:28:44,040 Speaker 1: the privileges of being able to wear regular clothes. So 433 00:28:44,480 --> 00:28:46,680 Speaker 1: I don't remember how long that was in the road flo, 434 00:28:47,880 --> 00:28:50,760 Speaker 1: I think a couple of weeks. Then they allowed me 435 00:28:50,800 --> 00:28:57,440 Speaker 1: to have clothes and pretty much the whole day be clean. 436 00:28:59,480 --> 00:29:01,600 Speaker 1: If you're a real good you got to go outside 437 00:29:02,120 --> 00:29:04,960 Speaker 1: to this little it was like a little triangular, a 438 00:29:05,000 --> 00:29:08,800 Speaker 1: little courtroom, half the size of this room that you 439 00:29:08,840 --> 00:29:11,120 Speaker 1: can get a little bit of sign and if you're good, 440 00:29:11,160 --> 00:29:12,959 Speaker 1: every couple of days and let you go out there 441 00:29:13,000 --> 00:29:17,760 Speaker 1: like ten or fifteen minutes. The amount of time a 442 00:29:17,840 --> 00:29:20,320 Speaker 1: patient would stay in I and OH could vary from 443 00:29:20,400 --> 00:29:25,000 Speaker 1: weeks to months for some patients. Here's Stephen, he attended 444 00:29:25,000 --> 00:29:29,200 Speaker 1: an awake in the mid seventies. I was probably in 445 00:29:29,320 --> 00:29:33,200 Speaker 1: the n O for a couple of months, which was 446 00:29:33,360 --> 00:29:37,440 Speaker 1: fairly standard. I might have been in a hair longer, 447 00:29:37,840 --> 00:29:41,960 Speaker 1: but I think they wanted to get me outside, you 448 00:29:42,000 --> 00:29:44,280 Speaker 1: know that. I don't think they wanted to hold me 449 00:29:44,720 --> 00:29:51,280 Speaker 1: much longer. There's Chris McKnight again. So ian O for 450 00:29:51,360 --> 00:29:54,960 Speaker 1: me turned out to be I want to say, close 451 00:29:55,040 --> 00:29:57,600 Speaker 1: to two and a half months. Other kids were in 452 00:29:57,680 --> 00:30:00,800 Speaker 1: their shorter other kids were in their long or It 453 00:30:00,920 --> 00:30:05,920 Speaker 1: really depended on you accepting your problems. And I finally 454 00:30:06,000 --> 00:30:07,560 Speaker 1: realized that I was just gonna have to go along 455 00:30:07,600 --> 00:30:10,080 Speaker 1: and say what they wanted to hear to get out 456 00:30:10,120 --> 00:30:12,560 Speaker 1: of the You know, I had never been in any 457 00:30:12,600 --> 00:30:15,040 Speaker 1: sort of lock up. I mean I had heard from 458 00:30:15,040 --> 00:30:19,080 Speaker 1: other kids about juvenile hall and that was like jail 459 00:30:19,200 --> 00:30:21,600 Speaker 1: to me, and I felt like I was in jail. 460 00:30:23,120 --> 00:30:26,640 Speaker 1: Putting a child in solitary confinement could wear on them mentally, 461 00:30:27,080 --> 00:30:33,920 Speaker 1: sometimes causing mental breakdowns. I had long fingernail shoot my 462 00:30:33,960 --> 00:30:37,520 Speaker 1: fingernails down to like a saw a pattern. It was 463 00:30:38,120 --> 00:30:41,760 Speaker 1: trying to scratch through my veins and my arm. I 464 00:30:41,840 --> 00:30:45,160 Speaker 1: just I literally wanted to die. My whole life had 465 00:30:45,160 --> 00:30:47,760 Speaker 1: been taken from me. They don't really tell you when 466 00:30:47,760 --> 00:30:50,920 Speaker 1: you get there and how the program works, when you're 467 00:30:50,920 --> 00:30:54,760 Speaker 1: gonna get to go outside, when you're gonna see other people. 468 00:30:55,720 --> 00:30:59,040 Speaker 1: It was just a day to day, stay behind us line, 469 00:30:59,160 --> 00:31:03,600 Speaker 1: don't ask questions, and do your word. It was pretty intense. 470 00:31:06,040 --> 00:31:07,920 Speaker 1: It's a big shock when you first leave home, and 471 00:31:07,960 --> 00:31:10,920 Speaker 1: of course I was only thirteen, so you kind of 472 00:31:11,000 --> 00:31:14,479 Speaker 1: start dawning on what's gonna go on, you know, like 473 00:31:14,520 --> 00:31:17,520 Speaker 1: I'm not going back home, and kind of start I 474 00:31:17,680 --> 00:31:21,360 Speaker 1: break down. You have your own moments, did you start realizing, 475 00:31:22,080 --> 00:31:27,000 Speaker 1: start figuring out what's happening. I remember this one kid 476 00:31:27,760 --> 00:31:30,960 Speaker 1: who went crazy in that twenty four hour confinement and 477 00:31:31,840 --> 00:31:35,080 Speaker 1: I want to punching out the little glass window on 478 00:31:35,160 --> 00:31:38,400 Speaker 1: the door and really messing up his hand pretty bad, 479 00:31:38,760 --> 00:31:42,360 Speaker 1: and they had to restrain him. My second stay at 480 00:31:42,360 --> 00:31:46,040 Speaker 1: Anniwaki happened to another kid. I witnessed the kid just 481 00:31:46,080 --> 00:31:48,920 Speaker 1: went crazy, but he had been an EO for months. 482 00:31:48,960 --> 00:31:50,120 Speaker 1: And then I found out that he had been in 483 00:31:50,160 --> 00:31:52,240 Speaker 1: email for months after that, and they wound up shipping 484 00:31:52,240 --> 00:31:55,040 Speaker 1: the box to another hospital. He never left the you know, 485 00:31:55,200 --> 00:31:57,080 Speaker 1: and he was an ANNI waking for like nine months 486 00:31:57,160 --> 00:32:02,520 Speaker 1: or so. Catherine Perkins is a psychology professor who was 487 00:32:02,600 --> 00:32:07,520 Speaker 1: studied emotionally disturbed behavior in children extensively. She says this 488 00:32:07,600 --> 00:32:10,280 Speaker 1: type of treatment can make a situation with a troubled 489 00:32:10,280 --> 00:32:16,040 Speaker 1: team go from bad to worse. Kids or kids, and 490 00:32:16,120 --> 00:32:19,840 Speaker 1: most kids need engagement, they need human contact, they need more. 491 00:32:21,000 --> 00:32:27,760 Speaker 1: If you are already vulnerable for emotional and mental health illness, 492 00:32:28,000 --> 00:32:31,760 Speaker 1: if you already have that level of vulnerability and then 493 00:32:31,800 --> 00:32:37,320 Speaker 1: you're subjected to further abuse, you're just exacerbating a problem 494 00:32:37,400 --> 00:32:41,160 Speaker 1: that was already there by no means is anything good 495 00:32:41,200 --> 00:32:43,160 Speaker 1: going to come out of that. I mean, you're just 496 00:32:43,200 --> 00:32:47,520 Speaker 1: taking a bad situation and making it worse. Fred Knox 497 00:32:47,680 --> 00:32:49,960 Speaker 1: was only a small child when he was admitted to 498 00:32:50,000 --> 00:32:53,960 Speaker 1: an AWAKE. It was during this initial processing that he 499 00:32:54,080 --> 00:32:57,280 Speaker 1: realized the type of abuse that was about to take place. 500 00:32:58,520 --> 00:33:02,280 Speaker 1: My number was K twelve twenty. I was there from 501 00:33:02,640 --> 00:33:11,440 Speaker 1: August to November one. I was eleven. I was made 502 00:33:11,440 --> 00:33:14,120 Speaker 1: to take off all my clothes and I was told 503 00:33:14,160 --> 00:33:18,120 Speaker 1: to put on this blue, kind of greenish type robe. 504 00:33:18,760 --> 00:33:22,960 Speaker 1: I couldn't wear any underwear. I couldn't do anything, and 505 00:33:23,040 --> 00:33:27,640 Speaker 1: I was having people yell fresh meat seeing me crying. 506 00:33:30,200 --> 00:33:33,240 Speaker 1: Tears were just falling out of my eyes. I didn't 507 00:33:33,240 --> 00:33:35,080 Speaker 1: know what I was doing. I was made to squat. 508 00:33:36,440 --> 00:33:38,760 Speaker 1: I didn't know if I was going into jail or what. 509 00:33:38,960 --> 00:33:43,920 Speaker 1: I had no idea it was. It was a building 510 00:33:43,960 --> 00:33:48,160 Speaker 1: called the en O. It basically had about four different units. 511 00:33:48,800 --> 00:33:50,920 Speaker 1: The men the boys were on one side that were 512 00:33:50,960 --> 00:33:53,320 Speaker 1: kind of split up with the bathroom, the offices in 513 00:33:53,400 --> 00:33:55,800 Speaker 1: the middle, the rooms on the side, and the middle 514 00:33:55,920 --> 00:34:01,480 Speaker 1: was kind of cafeteria, two little tiny courtyard, the infirmary 515 00:34:02,000 --> 00:34:05,000 Speaker 1: or clinic, I guess as they called it was connected 516 00:34:05,040 --> 00:34:07,600 Speaker 1: to that. You know, you had to go through about 517 00:34:07,640 --> 00:34:11,359 Speaker 1: two or three doors to get to the infirmary. There 518 00:34:11,360 --> 00:34:16,759 Speaker 1: were locked doors almost like every no phone to call 519 00:34:16,840 --> 00:34:22,719 Speaker 1: anybody for Fred. The abusive antawaki was coming from the 520 00:34:22,760 --> 00:34:27,720 Speaker 1: patients as well. I was sexually molested by a student. 521 00:34:28,640 --> 00:34:31,400 Speaker 1: They would do it when other people were supposedly sleeping. 522 00:34:32,200 --> 00:34:33,920 Speaker 1: I mean, you know, it was almost kind of like 523 00:34:34,080 --> 00:34:37,280 Speaker 1: if a counselor group later turned his cheek or turned 524 00:34:37,280 --> 00:34:39,279 Speaker 1: his head the other way. You know, Hey, what can 525 00:34:39,320 --> 00:34:42,200 Speaker 1: I get away with? I had that. I guess that 526 00:34:42,239 --> 00:34:45,640 Speaker 1: thought process, that that was a normal way of life. 527 00:34:48,360 --> 00:34:51,680 Speaker 1: Fred remembers another patient who he experienced E and O with, 528 00:34:52,120 --> 00:34:56,359 Speaker 1: who would later make national news. He might have heard 529 00:34:56,400 --> 00:34:59,800 Speaker 1: his name mentioned, but his name was Stephen Anthony Mobley. 530 00:35:00,480 --> 00:35:03,719 Speaker 1: I guess an Awaky messed him up pretty bad. He 531 00:35:03,960 --> 00:35:08,840 Speaker 1: killed a Domino's Pizza manager and shot him in the 532 00:35:08,840 --> 00:35:15,360 Speaker 1: back of the head, execution style. Arrested in in Gainesville, Georgia, 533 00:35:15,880 --> 00:35:19,279 Speaker 1: Stephen Anthony Mobley became known in the crime world as 534 00:35:19,400 --> 00:35:23,000 Speaker 1: the first defendant to use predisposition of genes as a 535 00:35:23,040 --> 00:35:27,680 Speaker 1: defense for murder. He was executed on death Row by 536 00:35:27,760 --> 00:35:35,400 Speaker 1: lethal injection. Thinking two thousand five, it was Annawak's program 537 00:35:35,480 --> 00:35:39,680 Speaker 1: was becoming psychologically traumatizing for patients. The E and O 538 00:35:40,080 --> 00:35:43,240 Speaker 1: was now the first experience of anyone in the program, 539 00:35:43,280 --> 00:35:46,959 Speaker 1: setting the bar for what would come later. Since Anna 540 00:35:47,040 --> 00:35:49,759 Speaker 1: Wake now had its medical license, it was free to 541 00:35:49,800 --> 00:35:53,480 Speaker 1: expand its program. They would soon begin a girl's treatment 542 00:35:53,520 --> 00:35:58,439 Speaker 1: center and move into other states, even other countries. Anna 543 00:35:58,520 --> 00:36:02,239 Speaker 1: Wake was now accepting patients each year by the hundreds 544 00:36:02,560 --> 00:36:06,080 Speaker 1: and making a fortune doing so, and without any real 545 00:36:06,160 --> 00:36:09,920 Speaker 1: oversight the damage being done to these patients would only 546 00:36:10,120 --> 00:36:18,520 Speaker 1: get worse next time. On Camp hell in a Week 547 00:36:19,320 --> 00:36:24,000 Speaker 1: and Awake, he had been established for sixty years, but 548 00:36:24,239 --> 00:36:32,600 Speaker 1: by nineteen the numbers were up above six hundreds. It's 549 00:36:32,680 --> 00:36:35,040 Speaker 1: like two different worlds, you know. There was a Aniwaki 550 00:36:35,160 --> 00:36:40,320 Speaker 1: outside and the competitor inside. At that time they sent 551 00:36:40,800 --> 00:36:46,080 Speaker 1: the toughest of the students to Florida. There was another 552 00:36:46,120 --> 00:36:49,080 Speaker 1: guy that got bit by a rattlesnake when we were 553 00:36:49,080 --> 00:36:52,360 Speaker 1: cutting out some and trails. I think the air lifted 554 00:36:52,400 --> 00:36:57,600 Speaker 1: them to Tallahassee. I saw other kids be abused by 555 00:36:57,840 --> 00:37:00,760 Speaker 1: their peer group, and I saw a lot of kids 556 00:37:00,800 --> 00:37:12,280 Speaker 1: being abused by group leaders. I mean terribly so. Camp 557 00:37:12,280 --> 00:37:15,640 Speaker 1: hell an Awake was created and hosted by Josh Thane, 558 00:37:15,800 --> 00:37:19,759 Speaker 1: with producer Miranda Hawkins and executive producers Alex Williams and 559 00:37:19,800 --> 00:37:23,520 Speaker 1: Matt Frederick. The soundtrack was written and performed by Josh 560 00:37:23,560 --> 00:37:27,719 Speaker 1: Thane and Adrian Barry. Archival footage provided by ws B 561 00:37:28,040 --> 00:37:31,960 Speaker 1: and CBS News find us on Instagram at camp hell 562 00:37:32,080 --> 00:37:35,759 Speaker 1: pod that's c A M p h E L l 563 00:37:36,080 --> 00:37:39,400 Speaker 1: p O D educate yourself about the issue of child 564 00:37:39,400 --> 00:37:41,759 Speaker 1: abuse and things that you should look for at the 565 00:37:41,840 --> 00:37:45,319 Speaker 1: Darkness to Light website D two ll dot org. That's 566 00:37:45,520 --> 00:37:50,120 Speaker 1: D the number two l dot org. Camp hell an 567 00:37:50,200 --> 00:37:53,120 Speaker 1: Awake is a production of I heart Radio. For more 568 00:37:53,200 --> 00:37:56,239 Speaker 1: podcasts from my heart Radio, visit the i heart Radio app, 569 00:37:56,360 --> 00:38:11,400 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts.