1 00:00:00,520 --> 00:00:03,199 Speaker 1: Brought to you by the two thousand twelve Toyota Camry. 2 00:00:04,519 --> 00:00:07,960 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know from house Stuff Works 3 00:00:07,960 --> 00:00:16,800 Speaker 1: dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, 4 00:00:16,840 --> 00:00:20,280 Speaker 1: There's Charles w Chuck Bryant, and you put us together, 5 00:00:20,760 --> 00:00:24,120 Speaker 1: give us a little nextar let us um collect pollen 6 00:00:24,160 --> 00:00:26,920 Speaker 1: with the hair on our bodies. And you have stuff 7 00:00:26,960 --> 00:00:30,280 Speaker 1: you should not be a lot of pollen, you know. Yeah, 8 00:00:31,280 --> 00:00:35,479 Speaker 1: honeymaking fools. Yeah, you would be best at is Ronny Williams. 9 00:00:36,120 --> 00:00:39,360 Speaker 1: Oh man, that guy's scary. Yes, you would be a 10 00:00:39,360 --> 00:00:43,800 Speaker 1: honeymaking fool. How you doing well, sir? How are you? 11 00:00:43,960 --> 00:00:47,080 Speaker 1: I'm pretty good. It's a little early, uh it is, 12 00:00:47,280 --> 00:00:49,440 Speaker 1: it is, but you're feeling good. Yeah, man, I love 13 00:00:49,479 --> 00:00:52,600 Speaker 1: recording in the mornings. Yeah, been up since six am 14 00:00:52,640 --> 00:00:55,800 Speaker 1: reading about bees. Yeah. Well this is ah I can amazine. 15 00:00:55,920 --> 00:00:57,640 Speaker 1: You could. You could have gotten up at four or 16 00:00:57,720 --> 00:01:00,400 Speaker 1: five because it's like the most extensive article in the 17 00:01:00,480 --> 00:01:04,600 Speaker 1: universe is how bees work. It's Tracy Wilson joint and 18 00:01:04,640 --> 00:01:09,480 Speaker 1: so it's thorough and exhaustive and exhausting. But it's a 19 00:01:09,480 --> 00:01:13,039 Speaker 1: good one. Dude. I love bees. Yeah, I hate bees. 20 00:01:13,200 --> 00:01:19,119 Speaker 1: Do you really why? Because they sting, they hurt, they 21 00:01:19,160 --> 00:01:21,320 Speaker 1: make me get up at six am. You only they're 22 00:01:21,319 --> 00:01:25,920 Speaker 1: fascinating creatures. Uh yeah, de Meal like them. Okay, well 23 00:01:25,959 --> 00:01:30,720 Speaker 1: you got to talk about him anyway. How about Um. 24 00:01:30,760 --> 00:01:33,679 Speaker 1: I don't really have much of a an intro, which 25 00:01:33,680 --> 00:01:36,280 Speaker 1: is probably for the best because this is a really 26 00:01:36,280 --> 00:01:38,880 Speaker 1: long episode. There's a lot of facts, Yeah, there are 27 00:01:39,000 --> 00:01:42,000 Speaker 1: in parts and things. Let's talk bees, man, how long 28 00:01:42,040 --> 00:01:45,360 Speaker 1: have they been around? Bees have been around for a 29 00:01:45,440 --> 00:01:49,760 Speaker 1: gazillion years. Uh, they've been around for a long time. 30 00:01:49,840 --> 00:01:53,480 Speaker 1: Ancient Egyptians um in fact, that there were sort of 31 00:01:53,480 --> 00:01:56,440 Speaker 1: magical creatures that the sun got rock cried down upon 32 00:01:56,480 --> 00:01:59,600 Speaker 1: the earth. Yeah, which is fanciful, and that's where bees 33 00:01:59,680 --> 00:02:02,600 Speaker 1: came from. But that's not where they came from. Uh. 34 00:02:02,720 --> 00:02:07,000 Speaker 1: The San people think that we came from bees of 35 00:02:07,040 --> 00:02:09,520 Speaker 1: the Kalahari. The San people. Yeah, yeah, they have this 36 00:02:09,840 --> 00:02:12,120 Speaker 1: creation myth that a bee was carrying a mannis across 37 00:02:12,520 --> 00:02:16,640 Speaker 1: the desert, got tired, died. Before it died, it laid 38 00:02:16,680 --> 00:02:19,200 Speaker 1: some eggs in the mantis, and then that became the 39 00:02:19,240 --> 00:02:22,359 Speaker 1: first human and that's where we came from. Not buy 40 00:02:22,400 --> 00:02:27,480 Speaker 1: that really? Sure? Why not? Uh? A lot of people 41 00:02:27,560 --> 00:02:31,959 Speaker 1: used to think that um, including beekeepers that they reproduced 42 00:02:31,960 --> 00:02:36,280 Speaker 1: spontaneously they didn't like have intercourse to do so. And 43 00:02:36,760 --> 00:02:39,960 Speaker 1: this was true until the mid six hundreds when a 44 00:02:40,120 --> 00:02:45,440 Speaker 1: very cool dude named jam swimmer Dam examined bees under 45 00:02:45,480 --> 00:02:47,959 Speaker 1: a microscope and saw a little reproductive parts. Yeah, we 46 00:02:48,040 --> 00:02:51,200 Speaker 1: got all wrong, he went, and I'm Jams swimmer Dam. 47 00:02:51,760 --> 00:02:54,160 Speaker 1: That's a pretty great name. It's a great name. That's 48 00:02:54,200 --> 00:02:56,240 Speaker 1: a good at that. Uh. Is that what he was? 49 00:02:56,520 --> 00:03:00,239 Speaker 1: It's gotta be, you think swimmer Dam Jam swimmers am 50 00:03:00,320 --> 00:03:05,560 Speaker 1: probably so. Uh. And there are like twenty species of bees, 51 00:03:05,600 --> 00:03:11,639 Speaker 1: but we're going to concentrate mainly on honey bees mostly 52 00:03:12,280 --> 00:03:14,680 Speaker 1: a little bit of what are the other ones? Not 53 00:03:14,760 --> 00:03:17,200 Speaker 1: the bumble bees, but well we'll talk a little bit 54 00:03:17,200 --> 00:03:19,760 Speaker 1: about bumble bees too. Yeah, pretty much those two. Yeah, 55 00:03:19,919 --> 00:03:22,080 Speaker 1: but mostly honey bees. They're the most studied. I think 56 00:03:22,080 --> 00:03:25,079 Speaker 1: they're the most fascinating. But social and nons and I 57 00:03:25,080 --> 00:03:29,480 Speaker 1: don't want to say anti social solitary solitary bees and 58 00:03:29,880 --> 00:03:32,120 Speaker 1: anti socials may be a way to describe it. But 59 00:03:32,200 --> 00:03:35,800 Speaker 1: those are two two categories that we're going to dive into. YEA, So, 60 00:03:35,960 --> 00:03:39,680 Speaker 1: surprisingly bees go back even further than the ancient Egyptians, 61 00:03:40,200 --> 00:03:42,800 Speaker 1: The oldest bee fossil that they found is about a 62 00:03:42,920 --> 00:03:45,520 Speaker 1: hundred million years old, and they think that at some 63 00:03:45,600 --> 00:03:51,320 Speaker 1: point around then during the Cretaceous period, bees diverged from wasps, 64 00:03:52,680 --> 00:03:56,840 Speaker 1: not necessarily from washp. It doesn't mean that um bees 65 00:03:57,400 --> 00:04:00,080 Speaker 1: evolved from wasp but then possibly they shared it a 66 00:04:00,160 --> 00:04:03,720 Speaker 1: common wasp like ancestor I but that was creepy man, 67 00:04:03,880 --> 00:04:07,119 Speaker 1: And I'll bet it was like eight ft long too. Yeah. 68 00:04:08,440 --> 00:04:11,040 Speaker 1: And this is about the same time too, not coincidentally, 69 00:04:11,040 --> 00:04:17,240 Speaker 1: when flowering plants started doing their thing. Before this, if 70 00:04:17,240 --> 00:04:19,720 Speaker 1: you wanted to, you know, do the the tree thing, 71 00:04:19,720 --> 00:04:21,440 Speaker 1: you had to plant thing, you had to do like 72 00:04:21,520 --> 00:04:24,599 Speaker 1: what conifers do, dropping your cones and counting on the 73 00:04:24,640 --> 00:04:27,400 Speaker 1: wind and nature to do your work, which may or 74 00:04:27,440 --> 00:04:31,320 Speaker 1: may not work. But thankfully bees came along and they said, hey, 75 00:04:31,400 --> 00:04:33,920 Speaker 1: you know what, we can help take your pollen, Mr flower. Yeah. 76 00:04:34,000 --> 00:04:38,560 Speaker 1: So so bees and flowering plants angiosperms coevals, and that 77 00:04:38,640 --> 00:04:40,480 Speaker 1: was a big step for bees. They're kind of like 78 00:04:40,560 --> 00:04:48,960 Speaker 1: the uh sweet philosophy majors of the wasp family. Uh. 79 00:04:49,080 --> 00:04:52,799 Speaker 1: They just went off and became herbivores, whereas their wasps, 80 00:04:53,200 --> 00:04:56,600 Speaker 1: their wasp relatives are wasp cousins were carnivores, and not 81 00:04:56,640 --> 00:05:00,599 Speaker 1: only carnivores, carnivores that used ovipositors to you lay their 82 00:05:00,600 --> 00:05:07,039 Speaker 1: eggs in other animals. Yeah, that's gross, it is and 83 00:05:07,120 --> 00:05:13,000 Speaker 1: it's very aggressive. Um. But as we said, bees became herbivores. 84 00:05:13,080 --> 00:05:15,159 Speaker 1: They just go around to flowers. All they want is 85 00:05:15,200 --> 00:05:19,560 Speaker 1: to be left alone, collect pollen and nectar and then uh, 86 00:05:19,600 --> 00:05:23,480 Speaker 1: you know, pollinate flowers along the way. And they're very 87 00:05:23,480 --> 00:05:25,520 Speaker 1: happy with their lives like that. They they're into the 88 00:05:25,520 --> 00:05:30,000 Speaker 1: pan flute and birkin stocks. Do you think these are 89 00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:33,919 Speaker 1: like hippies a little bit? Yeah, you've never been attacked 90 00:05:33,920 --> 00:05:38,039 Speaker 1: by a dozen hippies, actually more than a dozen. I 91 00:05:38,120 --> 00:05:40,599 Speaker 1: was stung a dozen times. Is that what I told 92 00:05:40,600 --> 00:05:44,520 Speaker 1: that story before in the Colony Collapse podcast when I 93 00:05:44,560 --> 00:05:48,279 Speaker 1: was tagged in the head and face twelve times. Oh yeah, 94 00:05:48,320 --> 00:05:53,119 Speaker 1: that brings about one of my worst days, very painful. Um. 95 00:05:53,160 --> 00:05:57,720 Speaker 1: So let's talk about parts. The bees body is pretty remarkable. Um. 96 00:05:57,720 --> 00:06:02,279 Speaker 1: It's kind of exoskeleton made of chiten kitan, movable plates 97 00:06:02,360 --> 00:06:04,559 Speaker 1: of this kitan. Yeah, it's almost like a suit of armor. 98 00:06:04,560 --> 00:06:07,240 Speaker 1: It sounds like, Yeah, that's pretty neat. Uh, they've got, 99 00:06:07,320 --> 00:06:09,240 Speaker 1: like we said, a lot of hairs all over their body, 100 00:06:09,240 --> 00:06:12,640 Speaker 1: a little fuzzies that they collect. The pollen help regulate 101 00:06:12,920 --> 00:06:15,400 Speaker 1: body tempt keep it cool or warm, depending on what's 102 00:06:15,440 --> 00:06:19,200 Speaker 1: going on. And uh, like a lot of insects, they have, 103 00:06:19,800 --> 00:06:24,039 Speaker 1: they're divided into little sections the head, the thorax, and 104 00:06:24,040 --> 00:06:27,520 Speaker 1: the abdomen in this case, and the brain is in 105 00:06:27,560 --> 00:06:30,279 Speaker 1: the head. And it's not a big brain, no, but 106 00:06:30,360 --> 00:06:34,000 Speaker 1: it's pretty awesome. Well yeah, because it's specialized. So bee 107 00:06:34,000 --> 00:06:36,800 Speaker 1: brain has about nine and fifty thousand neurons. It seems 108 00:06:36,839 --> 00:06:39,320 Speaker 1: like a lot for a small insect. It does a 109 00:06:39,360 --> 00:06:43,120 Speaker 1: small brain, right, Um, but apparently it's not. And uh, 110 00:06:43,360 --> 00:06:46,080 Speaker 1: the reason why we know it's not because just based 111 00:06:46,080 --> 00:06:49,320 Speaker 1: on the number of neurons, bees should be incredibly stupid 112 00:06:49,640 --> 00:06:52,880 Speaker 1: and very simple animals, and they're not. The reason why 113 00:06:52,960 --> 00:06:56,760 Speaker 1: is because the neurons in a bee's head are extremely specialized, 114 00:06:57,279 --> 00:07:00,480 Speaker 1: and rather than being recruited by some like executive function 115 00:07:00,560 --> 00:07:04,160 Speaker 1: like we have in our frontal lobes, their neurons kind 116 00:07:04,200 --> 00:07:07,000 Speaker 1: of act on their own and communicate with other neurons 117 00:07:07,000 --> 00:07:11,200 Speaker 1: to carry out a very specific activity. Right. So this 118 00:07:11,240 --> 00:07:13,560 Speaker 1: division of labor in the brain allows these to do 119 00:07:13,600 --> 00:07:15,600 Speaker 1: a lot of stuff that it would require a bigger 120 00:07:15,640 --> 00:07:19,600 Speaker 1: brain to to do normally. It's pretty ingenious. Yes, that's right. 121 00:07:19,720 --> 00:07:21,320 Speaker 1: These are pretty smart when they figured out how to 122 00:07:21,360 --> 00:07:24,680 Speaker 1: do this to themselves. Uh. They have a couple of 123 00:07:24,680 --> 00:07:27,960 Speaker 1: a century into the uh five eyes. Three of them 124 00:07:28,000 --> 00:07:31,720 Speaker 1: are simple, a silly, and then two compound eyes and 125 00:07:31,920 --> 00:07:36,480 Speaker 1: they have lots of repeating parts called omata I think, 126 00:07:37,160 --> 00:07:40,440 Speaker 1: And they can actually see polarized light. They specialize in 127 00:07:40,440 --> 00:07:44,400 Speaker 1: patterns and humans can't do that obviously because we would 128 00:07:44,440 --> 00:07:46,920 Speaker 1: be like, just try the predator. Maybe that what that 129 00:07:46,960 --> 00:07:49,480 Speaker 1: looks like? That's thermal imaging. Oh yeah, that's right, it's 130 00:07:49,520 --> 00:07:54,520 Speaker 1: normal polarized to be. Um, you more polarized glasses, like 131 00:07:54,640 --> 00:08:00,920 Speaker 1: your your polarized sunglasses. Remember this for I got the ravans. Yeah, 132 00:08:00,960 --> 00:08:04,240 Speaker 1: instead of ravan, it said polar that's what you get 133 00:08:04,280 --> 00:08:06,440 Speaker 1: for eight bucks. It's cvs. Is they worked? Do you 134 00:08:06,480 --> 00:08:08,920 Speaker 1: have them forever? Yeah? Until they broke. So that's how 135 00:08:08,960 --> 00:08:12,520 Speaker 1: you saw polarized light. Bees don't even need sunglasses from cvs. 136 00:08:12,600 --> 00:08:14,640 Speaker 1: They just see it naturally. And the reason this is 137 00:08:14,680 --> 00:08:17,560 Speaker 1: important is because um, as we'll see later on, they 138 00:08:17,640 --> 00:08:21,080 Speaker 1: used the sun to navigate and being able to see 139 00:08:21,080 --> 00:08:23,320 Speaker 1: polarized light. That means they can see clear through crop 140 00:08:23,480 --> 00:08:26,120 Speaker 1: clouds when it's overcast and know where the sun is. 141 00:08:26,160 --> 00:08:28,840 Speaker 1: That's right, very important. Uh, Like a lot of insects, 142 00:08:28,840 --> 00:08:30,320 Speaker 1: I've got the little mouth parts. You know, we've talked 143 00:08:30,320 --> 00:08:33,920 Speaker 1: about mouth parts. I think in uh please maybe flies, flies, 144 00:08:34,240 --> 00:08:37,000 Speaker 1: flies and fleas. Uh. They have the jaws or the 145 00:08:37,040 --> 00:08:41,000 Speaker 1: paired mandibles, the tongue with the colossa, and then the 146 00:08:41,040 --> 00:08:44,480 Speaker 1: lips which are the labor room and the maxilla, and 147 00:08:44,600 --> 00:08:47,240 Speaker 1: they support the probiscus, which I think most people know 148 00:08:47,360 --> 00:08:53,960 Speaker 1: is the the pollen sniffing device and collecting. Yeah, well 149 00:08:53,960 --> 00:08:56,440 Speaker 1: what I mean sniff, I mean sniff it up in there. Yeah, 150 00:08:56,480 --> 00:08:59,880 Speaker 1: it's like an r varts trunk pretty much, but in 151 00:09:00,000 --> 00:09:04,360 Speaker 1: instead of huffing ants, that huffs nectar. That's right. You've 152 00:09:04,360 --> 00:09:07,320 Speaker 1: got two pair of wings, you got three pair of legs. 153 00:09:09,000 --> 00:09:11,559 Speaker 1: The wings are actually part of the skeleton, which is 154 00:09:11,600 --> 00:09:14,559 Speaker 1: kind of cool. And and so if you're a little 155 00:09:15,240 --> 00:09:18,760 Speaker 1: boy that's tearing wings off of a bee, you're actually 156 00:09:18,760 --> 00:09:21,680 Speaker 1: breaking its skeleton. You need to spanking, You needed to 157 00:09:21,720 --> 00:09:24,360 Speaker 1: get stung. Oh yeah, that's how you learned that lesson 158 00:09:24,559 --> 00:09:30,959 Speaker 1: poetic justice exactly. And Uh. They the row of books 159 00:09:30,960 --> 00:09:34,240 Speaker 1: called the hamuli connect the wings, so they are just 160 00:09:34,360 --> 00:09:37,280 Speaker 1: beating together in synchronicity, but they don't connect all the time. 161 00:09:37,440 --> 00:09:41,040 Speaker 1: They're not fused together. The wings are separate front four 162 00:09:41,080 --> 00:09:44,240 Speaker 1: wings and rear wings are separate. And then when they 163 00:09:44,280 --> 00:09:47,280 Speaker 1: really want to get going and flying, they hooked together 164 00:09:47,400 --> 00:09:50,319 Speaker 1: using the hamuli. And that's to fly though, right, to 165 00:09:50,480 --> 00:09:53,800 Speaker 1: really take off. Oh Like, they have different speeds of 166 00:09:53,840 --> 00:09:58,000 Speaker 1: flying and they connect or disconnect depending on that. Tracy 167 00:09:58,040 --> 00:10:03,720 Speaker 1: skipped that part so much for thora. Uh. And then 168 00:10:03,720 --> 00:10:07,240 Speaker 1: you got the legs, which um, starting from the body 169 00:10:07,280 --> 00:10:10,440 Speaker 1: working out, you have the coxa, the tric canter, the femur, 170 00:10:10,520 --> 00:10:13,360 Speaker 1: the tibia, and the tarxas a k a hip, thiah 171 00:10:13,559 --> 00:10:18,120 Speaker 1: and put and that's the body for the most part. Yeah, 172 00:10:18,200 --> 00:10:20,600 Speaker 1: but the legs are also kind of specialized. They're almost 173 00:10:20,600 --> 00:10:23,160 Speaker 1: like a Swiss army legs. It's pretty cool. They've got 174 00:10:23,160 --> 00:10:26,840 Speaker 1: different kinds of hair. You've got brush hair, comb hair, 175 00:10:27,200 --> 00:10:29,839 Speaker 1: depending on the kind of pollen you're collecting, and then 176 00:10:29,880 --> 00:10:33,160 Speaker 1: basket like hairs that hold pollen. You've got a pad 177 00:10:33,200 --> 00:10:37,240 Speaker 1: and a claw so you can like grab things. You 178 00:10:37,280 --> 00:10:42,880 Speaker 1: can strangle other bees if you want. Um, and this 179 00:10:42,960 --> 00:10:46,120 Speaker 1: is kind of cool. There's a small groove in the arm, 180 00:10:46,120 --> 00:10:50,560 Speaker 1: in the leg for scraping pollen from the antenna. And 181 00:10:50,600 --> 00:10:53,360 Speaker 1: then lastly there's a press on the bottom for packing 182 00:10:53,400 --> 00:10:56,560 Speaker 1: pollen into things. That's pretty neat if you ask me, 183 00:10:56,679 --> 00:10:59,520 Speaker 1: that is pretty neat. Swiss army leg. Don't you call 184 00:10:59,840 --> 00:11:03,160 Speaker 1: the what I call it very nice? Should put a 185 00:11:03,160 --> 00:11:06,560 Speaker 1: pattern on that. So yeah, so chuck. When you you know, 186 00:11:06,559 --> 00:11:09,360 Speaker 1: when you accidentally squish a bee and you look down 187 00:11:09,400 --> 00:11:11,520 Speaker 1: at it and it's guts are everywhere, it's not red. 188 00:11:12,080 --> 00:11:15,240 Speaker 1: The blood isn't red. And actually it doesn't necessarily have 189 00:11:15,360 --> 00:11:18,040 Speaker 1: what we would call blood. It's called hemo lymph and 190 00:11:18,120 --> 00:11:21,600 Speaker 1: it it has oxygen just suspended in it. It doesn't 191 00:11:21,640 --> 00:11:24,560 Speaker 1: have red blood cells, which is why be blood hemolymph 192 00:11:24,679 --> 00:11:27,640 Speaker 1: is clear. Yeah, you don't see a lot of insects 193 00:11:27,679 --> 00:11:33,640 Speaker 1: with red blood, do you? Only only Americans red blooded insects. 194 00:11:34,760 --> 00:11:38,440 Speaker 1: Of course, we can't overlook the stinger um that is, 195 00:11:38,800 --> 00:11:41,840 Speaker 1: uh where the bees abdomen is, and it's an appendage 196 00:11:42,320 --> 00:11:45,920 Speaker 1: and like we said before, it's a egg depositor, an ovipositor, 197 00:11:46,679 --> 00:11:51,480 Speaker 1: and then the lancets will sting you and deliver venom. 198 00:11:51,520 --> 00:11:55,800 Speaker 1: From the poison sac in a venom gland. And once again, 199 00:11:55,840 --> 00:11:59,000 Speaker 1: these wasp like ancestors, they think that's where the bees 200 00:11:59,360 --> 00:12:02,079 Speaker 1: got the venom, and it's just a leftover trait from that, 201 00:12:02,160 --> 00:12:05,600 Speaker 1: even though they didn't go on to lay their eggs 202 00:12:05,640 --> 00:12:09,160 Speaker 1: in meat. Right, That's which is why the wasps evolved 203 00:12:09,240 --> 00:12:12,480 Speaker 1: venom to subdue their prey while they were laying eggs 204 00:12:12,480 --> 00:12:14,720 Speaker 1: and eating them and all that stuff. And bees, like 205 00:12:14,760 --> 00:12:16,720 Speaker 1: you said, had it left over, but they just have 206 00:12:16,760 --> 00:12:19,240 Speaker 1: it for defense. Yeah, and I guess it was obviously 207 00:12:19,320 --> 00:12:23,400 Speaker 1: a trait worthy of keeping. And uh like, if I 208 00:12:23,440 --> 00:12:25,600 Speaker 1: had a stinger and could inject people venom, I'd keep 209 00:12:25,640 --> 00:12:29,400 Speaker 1: it around, use it on occasion. You'd be like, come on, evolution, 210 00:12:29,480 --> 00:12:33,400 Speaker 1: just let me have it. There are stingless bees though, um, 211 00:12:33,480 --> 00:12:36,640 Speaker 1: quite a few species, and they don't have stingers at all. No, 212 00:12:36,840 --> 00:12:40,280 Speaker 1: and they were very handy among the Maya until very 213 00:12:40,280 --> 00:12:43,920 Speaker 1: recently for beekeeping because you just stick your hand in 214 00:12:43,960 --> 00:12:45,440 Speaker 1: there and be like, I'm taking your honey, and what 215 00:12:45,480 --> 00:12:48,040 Speaker 1: are you gonna do? Nothing, that's great because you're a 216 00:12:48,040 --> 00:12:50,959 Speaker 1: stingless bee. They couldn't even bite or anything. No, they 217 00:12:51,040 --> 00:12:56,480 Speaker 1: just stand idly by. That's their thing. Um, so check. 218 00:12:56,559 --> 00:13:00,520 Speaker 1: There's a lot of there's a lot of stuff that 219 00:13:00,600 --> 00:13:05,320 Speaker 1: a bee produces there, like pubescent children. They just produce 220 00:13:05,360 --> 00:13:07,559 Speaker 1: all these different things with all these different glands all 221 00:13:07,600 --> 00:13:10,600 Speaker 1: the time. They're secreting stuff all the time. But it's 222 00:13:10,720 --> 00:13:14,200 Speaker 1: very useful stuff, that's right. Uh, and then chuck. You 223 00:13:14,200 --> 00:13:18,360 Speaker 1: know how when you get stung sometimes you hear or 224 00:13:18,440 --> 00:13:21,480 Speaker 1: you've heard a bee will die after it stings you. Yeah, 225 00:13:21,480 --> 00:13:23,360 Speaker 1: I think most people think that all bees die when 226 00:13:23,400 --> 00:13:26,200 Speaker 1: they sting you. True. No, it depends on the type 227 00:13:26,240 --> 00:13:28,480 Speaker 1: of stinger they have. Honey Bees, for the most part, 228 00:13:28,520 --> 00:13:31,600 Speaker 1: except for the queen honey bee have barbed stingers, and 229 00:13:31,640 --> 00:13:33,640 Speaker 1: if a bee has a barbed stinger, it is gonna 230 00:13:33,679 --> 00:13:36,319 Speaker 1: stick in you. If you're a mammal, a bee can 231 00:13:36,400 --> 00:13:40,120 Speaker 1: sting other insects with a barbed stinger and live after 232 00:13:40,200 --> 00:13:42,840 Speaker 1: singing repeatedly. If it stings in the mammal, we have 233 00:13:42,920 --> 00:13:47,360 Speaker 1: this um fat, meaty flesh that the barbed stinger hooks into, 234 00:13:47,400 --> 00:13:49,520 Speaker 1: and when the bee flies away, it leaves its stinger 235 00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:53,839 Speaker 1: and it's abdomen and guts stuck in you and so 236 00:13:53,920 --> 00:13:56,160 Speaker 1: it dies, which is why if you have a barbed stinger, 237 00:13:56,200 --> 00:13:58,520 Speaker 1: you can only sting once, but some bees do have 238 00:13:58,960 --> 00:14:02,040 Speaker 1: smooth stingers and and sting mammals as often as they like. 239 00:14:02,400 --> 00:14:04,840 Speaker 1: I wonder how often that how long that takes for 240 00:14:04,880 --> 00:14:07,880 Speaker 1: the be to die, because you know they're stinging and 241 00:14:07,880 --> 00:14:09,720 Speaker 1: they fly away. I wonder if it's like a few 242 00:14:09,720 --> 00:14:11,640 Speaker 1: minutes or a couple of hours, or if they just 243 00:14:11,720 --> 00:14:14,240 Speaker 1: like I would think, pretty quick quietly and bleed out 244 00:14:14,360 --> 00:14:16,160 Speaker 1: or but I mean, how long does it take a 245 00:14:16,160 --> 00:14:20,160 Speaker 1: bee to bleed out? I don't know, probably not hemolymph out. 246 00:14:20,320 --> 00:14:21,800 Speaker 1: But I know when I've been stung, I see him 247 00:14:21,800 --> 00:14:24,960 Speaker 1: fly away, and they look like they're doing all right 248 00:14:25,000 --> 00:14:26,640 Speaker 1: to me, And right when you turn around, they just go. 249 00:14:27,360 --> 00:14:29,960 Speaker 1: I guess I'm gonna trail the next bee that stings, 250 00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:31,960 Speaker 1: follow it. You're gonna check it. You gonna check it, 251 00:14:33,240 --> 00:14:35,720 Speaker 1: all right. So you want to talk about some juices 252 00:14:35,760 --> 00:14:39,520 Speaker 1: and stuff, some venom, Yeah, we should talk about venom. 253 00:14:39,600 --> 00:14:45,200 Speaker 1: Remember the difference between venomous organism and a poisonous organism 254 00:14:45,240 --> 00:14:49,120 Speaker 1: is venom is produced in the body poisons outside, right, 255 00:14:49,200 --> 00:14:53,720 Speaker 1: that's right, uh, And a be's venom uh basically destroyed cells. 256 00:14:54,360 --> 00:14:56,400 Speaker 1: Like it's pretty hardcore stuff. It's a good thing. It's 257 00:14:56,440 --> 00:14:59,040 Speaker 1: in small quantities probably, I can imagine if it was 258 00:14:59,120 --> 00:15:03,239 Speaker 1: larger quantities could be pretty destructive. But they have peptids 259 00:15:03,280 --> 00:15:06,200 Speaker 1: and enzymes break through the fat linings of the cell, 260 00:15:06,680 --> 00:15:11,240 Speaker 1: destroy the mass cells. Uh, and that releases histamine. This 261 00:15:11,280 --> 00:15:13,880 Speaker 1: is where we get into like whether or not you're allergic. 262 00:15:13,920 --> 00:15:16,760 Speaker 1: You could be in big trouble. Yeah, because histamine that's 263 00:15:16,800 --> 00:15:19,760 Speaker 1: part of your immune response, which is a good thing. 264 00:15:19,800 --> 00:15:22,160 Speaker 1: You know, you want that, right, And histamines open the 265 00:15:22,640 --> 00:15:26,440 Speaker 1: blood vessels so that you can get your antibodies, your immunes, 266 00:15:26,600 --> 00:15:29,680 Speaker 1: your immune cells to this site much more quickly. But 267 00:15:29,720 --> 00:15:31,800 Speaker 1: if you have a b allergy, your immune system is 268 00:15:31,840 --> 00:15:35,280 Speaker 1: too large, it's too big a response. Your blood vessels 269 00:15:35,320 --> 00:15:37,800 Speaker 1: dilate so much that you lose blood pressure and fall 270 00:15:37,880 --> 00:15:42,960 Speaker 1: over um, which is called anaphylactic shock. That's right, and 271 00:15:43,000 --> 00:15:46,760 Speaker 1: that can kill people dead. And if you are allergic 272 00:15:46,840 --> 00:15:51,640 Speaker 1: to bees, you uh almost in the likelihood have an 273 00:15:51,680 --> 00:15:55,760 Speaker 1: epinephrine shot with you because it's dangerous stuff and that 274 00:15:55,760 --> 00:16:00,560 Speaker 1: will constrict the blood vessels and save your life hopefully, right, 275 00:16:00,760 --> 00:16:03,640 Speaker 1: if you get it in time. I imagine it depends 276 00:16:03,640 --> 00:16:07,840 Speaker 1: on the person. Fingers crossed fingers crossed um. So, like 277 00:16:07,880 --> 00:16:12,200 Speaker 1: we said, there's twenty thousand, approximately twenty species under the 278 00:16:12,280 --> 00:16:17,120 Speaker 1: super family Appodia or a Podia. How do you say that. 279 00:16:18,360 --> 00:16:22,680 Speaker 1: Let's go with a Podia. And depending on the bee, 280 00:16:23,280 --> 00:16:26,960 Speaker 1: you're gonna have a different kind of nest. But they 281 00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:29,040 Speaker 1: are similar, you know, in a lot of cases. So 282 00:16:29,280 --> 00:16:31,520 Speaker 1: we'll break it down into honey bees and bumble bees 283 00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:35,120 Speaker 1: for the nesting purposes and for social those are they're 284 00:16:35,120 --> 00:16:39,200 Speaker 1: both social. That's right kind of bees they are. So, uh, 285 00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:43,240 Speaker 1: you've got um among honey bees. You have a perennial nest. 286 00:16:44,080 --> 00:16:47,040 Speaker 1: She is always around. It's kind of cool. They build 287 00:16:47,080 --> 00:16:50,000 Speaker 1: the same nest and for life. Yeah, I love that, uh, 288 00:16:50,040 --> 00:16:53,880 Speaker 1: and for generations um. And they build it by secreting 289 00:16:54,080 --> 00:16:57,640 Speaker 1: um stuff out of their glands because bees are like 290 00:16:57,840 --> 00:17:02,240 Speaker 1: the pubescent children human children of the of the insect world. 291 00:17:02,400 --> 00:17:04,880 Speaker 1: They're always secreting stuff out of their glands. But they 292 00:17:04,880 --> 00:17:06,280 Speaker 1: make good use of it and one of the things 293 00:17:06,280 --> 00:17:11,200 Speaker 1: that they use it for is wax to build nests. Yeah. 294 00:17:11,200 --> 00:17:13,399 Speaker 1: And these are all ladies, by the way, It's a 295 00:17:13,480 --> 00:17:16,760 Speaker 1: very important point. Yeah, these are all little women workers. 296 00:17:17,480 --> 00:17:20,240 Speaker 1: And the reason why is because male bees for the 297 00:17:20,240 --> 00:17:24,679 Speaker 1: most part, are around to fornicate and that's about it. 298 00:17:24,760 --> 00:17:27,320 Speaker 1: In fact, they don't even have a lot of the 299 00:17:27,359 --> 00:17:30,199 Speaker 1: parts that you need to be a real bee, but 300 00:17:30,520 --> 00:17:34,040 Speaker 1: to collect pollen or anything like that. They're there to 301 00:17:34,280 --> 00:17:36,440 Speaker 1: reproduce and that's it. Yeah. In fact, they will even 302 00:17:36,440 --> 00:17:38,240 Speaker 1: get kicked out of the hive if things get a 303 00:17:38,280 --> 00:17:41,080 Speaker 1: little too crowded and food is scarce or winners coming. 304 00:17:41,160 --> 00:17:43,760 Speaker 1: The women will say, all right, it's time for you 305 00:17:43,760 --> 00:17:47,680 Speaker 1: guys to leave. You know, you can't stay here, that's right. 306 00:17:48,000 --> 00:17:50,520 Speaker 1: I wonder what they do. They probably say, I'm in 307 00:17:50,600 --> 00:17:51,960 Speaker 1: this thing you if you don't get out of here, 308 00:17:52,080 --> 00:17:53,840 Speaker 1: no owner. What the males do, though, they go off 309 00:17:53,880 --> 00:17:56,800 Speaker 1: and die. They die, They form their own little like 310 00:17:57,080 --> 00:18:00,760 Speaker 1: boys club. I have the impression that male bees are 311 00:18:01,119 --> 00:18:04,080 Speaker 1: kind of too oh fish to think of that kind 312 00:18:04,119 --> 00:18:07,119 Speaker 1: of thing dummies. Yeah. But so if you see a 313 00:18:07,160 --> 00:18:10,920 Speaker 1: bee collecting pollen, yeah, in almost every species, that's a 314 00:18:10,920 --> 00:18:14,359 Speaker 1: female bee. If you see a bee stinging you or 315 00:18:14,400 --> 00:18:17,240 Speaker 1: feel a beasting in you, that's a female because the 316 00:18:17,359 --> 00:18:21,800 Speaker 1: stingers an ovipositor, which makes it a female parts right. Um. 317 00:18:21,840 --> 00:18:24,080 Speaker 1: But as we were saying, the nests that are built 318 00:18:24,119 --> 00:18:28,719 Speaker 1: and maintained and uh stocked um are all done by 319 00:18:28,760 --> 00:18:32,160 Speaker 1: females with the honeybee. That's right, and it's perennial. Yes, 320 00:18:32,440 --> 00:18:35,639 Speaker 1: and uh, in that little nest, if the queen bee is, 321 00:18:35,680 --> 00:18:38,919 Speaker 1: the queen bee will be delivering a queen substance. It's 322 00:18:38,960 --> 00:18:42,760 Speaker 1: a pheromone. And if it did, another secretion, another secretion. 323 00:18:42,800 --> 00:18:45,200 Speaker 1: If and if the little lady be start getting less 324 00:18:45,240 --> 00:18:47,719 Speaker 1: and less of this, they'll say, you know what, we 325 00:18:47,760 --> 00:18:49,919 Speaker 1: need to split up and make a new queen and 326 00:18:49,960 --> 00:18:52,680 Speaker 1: a new hive. And let's just go ahead and start 327 00:18:52,680 --> 00:18:55,320 Speaker 1: this process now. And let's pick a new queen and 328 00:18:55,320 --> 00:19:00,760 Speaker 1: start feeding her royal jelly. Another secretion and um, raise 329 00:19:00,800 --> 00:19:04,040 Speaker 1: her right right on this royal jelly. So with the 330 00:19:04,240 --> 00:19:07,200 Speaker 1: about half of the workers and the old queen take 331 00:19:07,240 --> 00:19:10,560 Speaker 1: off and found a new um hive. I guess there's 332 00:19:10,600 --> 00:19:13,040 Speaker 1: too much pressure on the new queens. So yeah, like 333 00:19:13,280 --> 00:19:15,320 Speaker 1: we got this place built for you, you just grow 334 00:19:15,400 --> 00:19:16,960 Speaker 1: up and take care of it. And that's what happens. 335 00:19:16,960 --> 00:19:19,920 Speaker 1: The new queen grows up and and the hive basically 336 00:19:19,960 --> 00:19:24,000 Speaker 1: divides like a cell into pretty pretty cool yeah um 337 00:19:24,119 --> 00:19:28,880 Speaker 1: solitary or not solidier bumblebees found they found annual um 338 00:19:29,119 --> 00:19:33,200 Speaker 1: nests and basically that idea too though diggs every year 339 00:19:33,520 --> 00:19:38,000 Speaker 1: it's not getting attached to something. Yeah. Um, so they 340 00:19:38,359 --> 00:19:41,639 Speaker 1: in the In the fall, the queen mates, spends the 341 00:19:41,680 --> 00:19:44,800 Speaker 1: winter underground. In the spring, she lays some eggs that 342 00:19:44,840 --> 00:19:48,880 Speaker 1: turn out to surprisingly mostly be females, if not all females, 343 00:19:49,320 --> 00:19:52,080 Speaker 1: and they help her build a nest. In the summer, 344 00:19:52,240 --> 00:19:55,960 Speaker 1: she lays some more eggs. Those hatch into males. Those 345 00:19:56,000 --> 00:20:00,800 Speaker 1: males fly off, and all of the male bumblebees. Somehow 346 00:20:00,960 --> 00:20:03,119 Speaker 1: scientists haven't figured out how they do it. They figure 347 00:20:03,240 --> 00:20:07,000 Speaker 1: they get a uh, they say, hey, we're all gonna 348 00:20:07,040 --> 00:20:09,919 Speaker 1: be over here to mate this Friday. We'll see you 349 00:20:09,920 --> 00:20:12,720 Speaker 1: guys there. Then all the queens from all the individual 350 00:20:12,800 --> 00:20:15,879 Speaker 1: nests for miles around come over and everybody copulates, and 351 00:20:15,880 --> 00:20:18,560 Speaker 1: then they leave the scrunchy on the door. Yeah. And 352 00:20:18,600 --> 00:20:22,439 Speaker 1: then that's that ye, And that's the cycle starts a 353 00:20:22,440 --> 00:20:26,640 Speaker 1: new the female lays eggs or goes back underground for 354 00:20:27,040 --> 00:20:29,120 Speaker 1: the winter. That's right. And these are the social bees, 355 00:20:29,160 --> 00:20:32,920 Speaker 1: Like we said, um, However, less than fift of bees 356 00:20:32,920 --> 00:20:35,879 Speaker 1: are social, even though they're the ones we usually think of. 357 00:20:35,960 --> 00:20:38,440 Speaker 1: More as far as like hives and nests and things. 358 00:20:39,320 --> 00:20:43,040 Speaker 1: My favorite are the solitary bees. Why because they're doing 359 00:20:43,040 --> 00:20:45,760 Speaker 1: their own thing. My my really favorite reason why. It's 360 00:20:45,760 --> 00:20:49,320 Speaker 1: because the different ways they make their home. Yeah. I 361 00:20:49,359 --> 00:20:51,680 Speaker 1: just think it's really cool. Yeah. So, like social bees 362 00:20:51,680 --> 00:20:54,280 Speaker 1: are are known from the type of hives they have, 363 00:20:54,359 --> 00:20:56,440 Speaker 1: that's kind of how they divided. But yeah, the way 364 00:20:56,440 --> 00:20:59,600 Speaker 1: that they make their homes. For solitary bees, that's yeah, 365 00:20:59,680 --> 00:21:02,560 Speaker 1: that's a good definition. And solitary bees they'll get together 366 00:21:02,560 --> 00:21:04,639 Speaker 1: on occasion if they need to, like band together for 367 00:21:04,720 --> 00:21:09,080 Speaker 1: defense or something, but they generally do their own thing. Um. 368 00:21:09,119 --> 00:21:11,320 Speaker 1: So some of the different ways that these guys can 369 00:21:11,400 --> 00:21:15,879 Speaker 1: make homes, like carpenter bees, which are my favorites. Um 370 00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:19,399 Speaker 1: they bore holes in wood and unpainted like raw wood, 371 00:21:19,600 --> 00:21:22,480 Speaker 1: and they usually are like the spitting image of a bumblebee. 372 00:21:22,640 --> 00:21:24,280 Speaker 1: But if you see a bumble bee going into a 373 00:21:24,280 --> 00:21:27,200 Speaker 1: hole in like your door jam, that's a carpenter bee. 374 00:21:27,200 --> 00:21:28,919 Speaker 1: I like carpenter bees. I think it's cool. And they 375 00:21:29,000 --> 00:21:31,639 Speaker 1: get the little tool belt. Yeah, they always have a 376 00:21:31,640 --> 00:21:34,560 Speaker 1: pencil behind their ear. Yeah, And they're always late and 377 00:21:34,600 --> 00:21:36,600 Speaker 1: the job is never done on time, and they'll tell 378 00:21:36,600 --> 00:21:38,800 Speaker 1: you straight this is gonna cost two or three times 379 00:21:38,800 --> 00:21:42,360 Speaker 1: when I originally estimated exactly. I just think it's cool 380 00:21:42,400 --> 00:21:43,919 Speaker 1: that they can actually bore into the wood like that. 381 00:21:43,960 --> 00:21:47,239 Speaker 1: It's amazing. And they're always like perfectly little round holes too, 382 00:21:47,600 --> 00:21:50,320 Speaker 1: I know. Like what's surprising is they use their eyes 383 00:21:50,400 --> 00:21:53,280 Speaker 1: to bore a little laser shoot out of them. Wow. 384 00:21:53,680 --> 00:21:56,000 Speaker 1: I don't think I knew that. Tracy skipped that too. 385 00:21:56,840 --> 00:21:59,359 Speaker 1: There are the plaster or bees. Um, they dig little 386 00:21:59,359 --> 00:22:02,720 Speaker 1: holes and tunnels and line them with another secretion. That's 387 00:22:02,720 --> 00:22:06,760 Speaker 1: sort of like blaster makes sense. The leaf cutters, what 388 00:22:06,800 --> 00:22:11,920 Speaker 1: do they do? They use those uh those um grasping claws, remember, 389 00:22:12,119 --> 00:22:14,800 Speaker 1: and then they bite leaves apart with their their mouths 390 00:22:14,800 --> 00:22:17,480 Speaker 1: and line their nests with them because they like to 391 00:22:17,480 --> 00:22:19,879 Speaker 1: be nice and comfy. Mason bees. Used to be a 392 00:22:19,880 --> 00:22:24,320 Speaker 1: mason bee yeah yeah, um, and I would secrete something 393 00:22:24,440 --> 00:22:28,120 Speaker 1: from my jaws that basically was like mortar and put 394 00:22:28,280 --> 00:22:31,159 Speaker 1: sand and pebbles together and make a nest. It's a 395 00:22:31,200 --> 00:22:35,600 Speaker 1: strong nest. This is like basically the three pigs of 396 00:22:35,760 --> 00:22:40,920 Speaker 1: the bee. We're going from, like we're going from leaves 397 00:22:41,040 --> 00:22:46,359 Speaker 1: to wood yeah, wooden sand yeah. Nice. The carter b 398 00:22:47,359 --> 00:22:51,000 Speaker 1: that's they like furry wooly parts of plants. And that's 399 00:22:51,040 --> 00:22:55,960 Speaker 1: basically they're like the Bob Guccioni bees. Yeah, they wear 400 00:22:56,000 --> 00:22:58,919 Speaker 1: silk robes and stuff like that. Uh. And then my 401 00:22:59,040 --> 00:23:02,640 Speaker 1: favorite thing is when uh Tracy points out a few 402 00:23:02,640 --> 00:23:06,120 Speaker 1: species actually will like check out an empty snail shell 403 00:23:06,520 --> 00:23:08,400 Speaker 1: and say, that looks like a very nice little apartment. 404 00:23:08,600 --> 00:23:11,440 Speaker 1: I'm just gonna move in there. And you want to 405 00:23:11,480 --> 00:23:15,000 Speaker 1: move in, Let's just divide it up with more secretions 406 00:23:15,040 --> 00:23:17,639 Speaker 1: and you take that half will make it a duplex. Yeah, 407 00:23:17,680 --> 00:23:20,480 Speaker 1: that is really cool. Or others will go into an 408 00:23:20,480 --> 00:23:23,560 Speaker 1: old ant hill or termite hill or wasp nest and 409 00:23:23,560 --> 00:23:27,520 Speaker 1: be like hello, and if they hear back hello, Hello, Hello, 410 00:23:27,880 --> 00:23:29,560 Speaker 1: they'll they'll say, well, this is where I'm gonna lay 411 00:23:29,600 --> 00:23:32,840 Speaker 1: my eggs. It's already built. Yeah. And the cuckoo bee, 412 00:23:33,040 --> 00:23:36,879 Speaker 1: these guys are dumb. They go they're parasitic bee, not 413 00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:39,439 Speaker 1: in that they eat other bees, but that they um, 414 00:23:40,000 --> 00:23:43,280 Speaker 1: they lay their eggs in other bees nests and just 415 00:23:43,320 --> 00:23:47,159 Speaker 1: say cyanara and they rely on their pollen. It just 416 00:23:47,240 --> 00:23:50,040 Speaker 1: it's like, I feel like they're dumb. They're like they 417 00:23:50,080 --> 00:23:51,960 Speaker 1: can't figure it out on their own, so they just 418 00:23:52,000 --> 00:23:53,280 Speaker 1: kind of sneak in there in the dead of night 419 00:23:53,320 --> 00:23:57,680 Speaker 1: even do their thing. Sweat bees, remember those little guys 420 00:23:57,840 --> 00:24:00,480 Speaker 1: very aptly named. They are after you're that. I thought 421 00:24:00,520 --> 00:24:03,440 Speaker 1: that was sort of a wive style. It's not. No, 422 00:24:03,600 --> 00:24:06,600 Speaker 1: they're sweat bees, that's right. The orculd be is another 423 00:24:06,640 --> 00:24:10,320 Speaker 1: good example of coevolution. Um. They think that the or 424 00:24:10,400 --> 00:24:15,080 Speaker 1: could be with its extremely long probe. Probiscus um basically 425 00:24:15,080 --> 00:24:19,760 Speaker 1: evolved to get the nectar out of orchids, which keeps 426 00:24:19,800 --> 00:24:25,240 Speaker 1: its nectar very deep in the flower blossom. Evolution scaring 427 00:24:25,320 --> 00:24:28,480 Speaker 1: in the face. Uh the scariest bee? Josh? Is there 428 00:24:28,480 --> 00:24:31,760 Speaker 1: such thing as a killer bee? Uh? No, that's kind 429 00:24:31,800 --> 00:24:34,439 Speaker 1: of a media hype. I mean, any bee, especially if 430 00:24:34,440 --> 00:24:37,359 Speaker 1: you had a bee allergy, could kill you. Um. But 431 00:24:37,400 --> 00:24:41,400 Speaker 1: what are killer bees? So back in the fifties seven 432 00:24:41,400 --> 00:24:46,720 Speaker 1: in Brazil, some apiarists, some beekeepers, imported some African honey 433 00:24:46,720 --> 00:24:50,080 Speaker 1: bees and they got loose, and they went and made 434 00:24:50,080 --> 00:24:52,280 Speaker 1: it with the European honey bees that were already in 435 00:24:52,280 --> 00:24:55,600 Speaker 1: the area. And what you had was Africanized honey bees, 436 00:24:55,640 --> 00:24:59,919 Speaker 1: which are virtually identical to European honey bees, but they 437 00:25:00,119 --> 00:25:03,399 Speaker 1: are far more aggressive, especially if they think you're messing 438 00:25:03,440 --> 00:25:08,680 Speaker 1: with their hive. And you know, like Africans and Europeans 439 00:25:08,720 --> 00:25:11,440 Speaker 1: mating that makes them aggressive. That's just interesting how you 440 00:25:11,480 --> 00:25:12,840 Speaker 1: combine those two and all of a sudden they're just 441 00:25:12,840 --> 00:25:16,320 Speaker 1: piste off. But then at some point the media got 442 00:25:16,359 --> 00:25:19,520 Speaker 1: ahold of it as they started to approach from Brazil 443 00:25:19,760 --> 00:25:22,720 Speaker 1: upward toward America. Yeah, we have some here right in 444 00:25:22,720 --> 00:25:25,639 Speaker 1: the States. Yeah, they made it to Texas, Florida, I believe, 445 00:25:26,080 --> 00:25:28,760 Speaker 1: maybe in Georgia, California, Arizona. I bet there's some in 446 00:25:28,840 --> 00:25:32,280 Speaker 1: South Georgia, and um they the media went crazy over 447 00:25:32,359 --> 00:25:35,280 Speaker 1: killer bees. That seems like a seventies thing. I sort 448 00:25:35,280 --> 00:25:37,399 Speaker 1: of remember that. I thought it was eighties. Was there 449 00:25:37,440 --> 00:25:41,640 Speaker 1: was there a movie or something? Oh, I'm sure, swarmy movie. 450 00:25:42,720 --> 00:25:44,919 Speaker 1: I think there had to be, or there should be, 451 00:25:45,800 --> 00:25:50,560 Speaker 1: um so reproduction, the fun sexy stuff. This is actually 452 00:25:51,000 --> 00:25:57,840 Speaker 1: really fun, I think because bees can live up to 453 00:25:57,960 --> 00:26:00,880 Speaker 1: five years some of them. Honey bee. Just I think 454 00:26:00,880 --> 00:26:05,200 Speaker 1: that's the queen. Just the queen. Okay, that makes sense 455 00:26:05,520 --> 00:26:07,520 Speaker 1: because I didn't get because it's Tracy also said that 456 00:26:07,880 --> 00:26:09,399 Speaker 1: some of them don't even lift through the winter. I 457 00:26:09,400 --> 00:26:10,879 Speaker 1: guess it just depends, right, That's why I think it 458 00:26:10,960 --> 00:26:13,119 Speaker 1: was the queen that she was referring to. Up to 459 00:26:13,200 --> 00:26:17,200 Speaker 1: five years. Yeah, for an insect. I mean she's well 460 00:26:17,240 --> 00:26:19,520 Speaker 1: taken care of. She doesn't have to do a lot, 461 00:26:20,440 --> 00:26:23,439 Speaker 1: that's right. The males, like we said, are the there 462 00:26:23,480 --> 00:26:29,080 Speaker 1: there too to deposit their male parts in, and unfortunately 463 00:26:29,119 --> 00:26:31,520 Speaker 1: they don't leave with their male parts. Yeah. Depending on 464 00:26:31,600 --> 00:26:34,600 Speaker 1: the species of bee, they may much like a stinging 465 00:26:34,880 --> 00:26:41,240 Speaker 1: a mammal, once they copulate. Does that work for bees? Copulation? Yeah? Um, 466 00:26:41,320 --> 00:26:44,760 Speaker 1: they leave there, like you said, their man parts in 467 00:26:45,560 --> 00:26:51,760 Speaker 1: the female and die as a result. They feeling takes 468 00:26:51,800 --> 00:26:54,440 Speaker 1: it more than he leaves it was there, right, I 469 00:26:54,520 --> 00:26:58,120 Speaker 1: don't know, I just have a feeling. The female bees 470 00:26:58,160 --> 00:27:01,680 Speaker 1: just seemed like they they're the smart one. Yeah, exactly, 471 00:27:02,160 --> 00:27:04,960 Speaker 1: like I have your you know what's it called? Your 472 00:27:05,880 --> 00:27:10,440 Speaker 1: um not a penis? No, it's not a penis. Their 473 00:27:10,600 --> 00:27:14,280 Speaker 1: endo fallus. I've got your ends and I'm not giving 474 00:27:14,280 --> 00:27:17,680 Speaker 1: it back exactly, and now you're dead. That's right. Um. 475 00:27:17,800 --> 00:27:22,480 Speaker 1: So with funny beest specifically, I think the queen bee 476 00:27:22,600 --> 00:27:28,199 Speaker 1: is the only one that lays eggs. Is that correct? Um? No, 477 00:27:28,400 --> 00:27:32,240 Speaker 1: the queen uh honey bees. Females will lay like a 478 00:27:32,280 --> 00:27:35,639 Speaker 1: few eggs during their lifetime, but the queen bee lays thousands. Okay, 479 00:27:35,680 --> 00:27:39,600 Speaker 1: all right, so it is possible for a honey beat okay, 480 00:27:39,600 --> 00:27:42,440 Speaker 1: but for the most part carrying on the hive that's 481 00:27:42,480 --> 00:27:48,080 Speaker 1: up to the queen, right, um. The and then once 482 00:27:48,320 --> 00:27:51,680 Speaker 1: an egg is laid, it goes through the same stages 483 00:27:51,800 --> 00:27:55,199 Speaker 1: that like a caterpillar. Well yeah, I never knew that either. So, 484 00:27:55,280 --> 00:27:57,119 Speaker 1: like you lay an egg and it hatches into a larva, 485 00:27:57,160 --> 00:28:00,439 Speaker 1: which looks like a little worm, a little sick, gross 486 00:28:00,480 --> 00:28:04,679 Speaker 1: white worm. Um. And it's fed by workers for a 487 00:28:04,720 --> 00:28:07,680 Speaker 1: couple of days, fed royal jelly, which you said they 488 00:28:07,680 --> 00:28:10,920 Speaker 1: secrete from their heads, right, yeah. Did I don't think 489 00:28:10,920 --> 00:28:13,320 Speaker 1: the regular bees get the royal jelly? Do they for 490 00:28:13,359 --> 00:28:15,800 Speaker 1: the first two days, for just two days? That if 491 00:28:15,800 --> 00:28:17,720 Speaker 1: you want to make a queen, you feed that be. 492 00:28:18,600 --> 00:28:23,120 Speaker 1: You feed any female larva um royal jelly the whole 493 00:28:23,160 --> 00:28:26,280 Speaker 1: time until you're raising her, Yeah, until she spins a cocoon, 494 00:28:26,720 --> 00:28:30,040 Speaker 1: so they get royal jelly. A couple of days they 495 00:28:30,080 --> 00:28:34,880 Speaker 1: they molt um. There, the workers seal off the honeycomb, 496 00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:37,400 Speaker 1: which is an egg chamber in this case. Yeah, each 497 00:28:37,440 --> 00:28:40,680 Speaker 1: little one. Yeah, those like build a little door basically, yeah, 498 00:28:40,720 --> 00:28:44,360 Speaker 1: and it's one per no more, that's right, no less, uh, 499 00:28:44,400 --> 00:28:47,920 Speaker 1: And then the larva spins a cocoon and eventually emerges 500 00:28:47,960 --> 00:28:50,600 Speaker 1: as an adult. And I've heard tell that the first 501 00:28:50,600 --> 00:28:53,680 Speaker 1: thing a bee does when it's born is clean out 502 00:28:53,720 --> 00:28:57,000 Speaker 1: its egg chamber for the next bee. They're very busy 503 00:28:57,040 --> 00:28:59,160 Speaker 1: and tidy and like, yeah, they've got a lot of 504 00:28:59,280 --> 00:29:01,520 Speaker 1: stuff to do for sure. Uh. And here's the other 505 00:29:01,520 --> 00:29:03,960 Speaker 1: cool thing. Males will get a little bit larger cell. 506 00:29:04,040 --> 00:29:07,400 Speaker 1: But the queen can actually decide whether or not to 507 00:29:07,440 --> 00:29:10,040 Speaker 1: have a male or a female. Yeah that's remarkable. Yeah, 508 00:29:10,080 --> 00:29:14,960 Speaker 1: because a queen will collect sperm enough for her lifetime 509 00:29:15,280 --> 00:29:18,080 Speaker 1: and one shot, yeah, and one mating season because I 510 00:29:18,160 --> 00:29:21,720 Speaker 1: understand it. And then you know what I mean, Um, 511 00:29:21,880 --> 00:29:24,960 Speaker 1: she'll dole it out depending on what kind of uh 512 00:29:25,240 --> 00:29:29,160 Speaker 1: bees the hive needs at any pointing. So what's the 513 00:29:29,280 --> 00:29:35,920 Speaker 1: what's the magic sauce thing? Uh? What how she does this? Um? 514 00:29:36,040 --> 00:29:39,000 Speaker 1: She stores all right? If she uses stored sperm to 515 00:29:39,080 --> 00:29:42,400 Speaker 1: fertilize the egg, then she had this female. If she 516 00:29:42,480 --> 00:29:45,640 Speaker 1: leaves egg unfertilized, then it's a male, right, So it's 517 00:29:45,720 --> 00:29:48,520 Speaker 1: up to her. And what's crazy is this? This? It 518 00:29:48,560 --> 00:29:51,800 Speaker 1: all depends on what kind of state the hives in, 519 00:29:51,920 --> 00:29:56,560 Speaker 1: Like do you need more workers to go gather more food, um, 520 00:29:56,680 --> 00:30:01,360 Speaker 1: or do you need more males to reproduce? It's pretty cool. Yeah, 521 00:30:01,360 --> 00:30:03,600 Speaker 1: how they strike that balance with that tiny little brain, 522 00:30:05,080 --> 00:30:07,920 Speaker 1: I guess years of experience. How do they pick the 523 00:30:07,960 --> 00:30:10,800 Speaker 1: queen too? Do you know that? I don't know. Is 524 00:30:10,840 --> 00:30:12,280 Speaker 1: it just random? And then they start him on the 525 00:30:12,360 --> 00:30:14,240 Speaker 1: royal jelly and that just gets the process. That's the 526 00:30:14,280 --> 00:30:16,240 Speaker 1: impression that I have that as long as it's a 527 00:30:16,480 --> 00:30:21,320 Speaker 1: fertilized egg that will become a female. Yeah, then I 528 00:30:21,640 --> 00:30:24,040 Speaker 1: think you could feed any of those royal jelly. It's 529 00:30:24,040 --> 00:30:26,280 Speaker 1: probably one of the queen's daughters though, as opposed to 530 00:30:26,320 --> 00:30:29,680 Speaker 1: one of the few of the others. Don't you think, uh, 531 00:30:30,120 --> 00:30:33,280 Speaker 1: keep that royal bloodline intact? Yeah, I would think. You know, yeah, 532 00:30:33,520 --> 00:30:35,560 Speaker 1: that's just a guess. I bet somebody knows. I mean, 533 00:30:35,640 --> 00:30:37,920 Speaker 1: what if what if they accidentally raised the cuckoo bees 534 00:30:38,200 --> 00:30:41,560 Speaker 1: egg as a queen cheese? What a colossal nightmare that 535 00:30:41,640 --> 00:30:49,400 Speaker 1: would be? Um? Okay, So the the little eggs hatch 536 00:30:49,480 --> 00:30:51,840 Speaker 1: and the little worker bees they have different jobs according 537 00:30:51,840 --> 00:30:54,840 Speaker 1: to their age, but they are going to be taking 538 00:30:54,920 --> 00:30:58,080 Speaker 1: care of the young at this point. Um, they're going 539 00:30:58,120 --> 00:31:01,520 Speaker 1: to be feeding them pollen or be bread, which is 540 00:31:01,800 --> 00:31:05,400 Speaker 1: pollen and nectar mixed together. It sounds delicious, actually it is. 541 00:31:05,480 --> 00:31:07,200 Speaker 1: And there's you know a lot of people think that 542 00:31:07,240 --> 00:31:10,320 Speaker 1: bees are just only after nectar. No, they collect pollen 543 00:31:11,160 --> 00:31:13,120 Speaker 1: on purpose as well, and they use it to make 544 00:31:13,160 --> 00:31:17,720 Speaker 1: bee bread. That's right, and be bread does sound very delicious. Uh. 545 00:31:17,760 --> 00:31:19,360 Speaker 1: And so as you get older, though, you're gonna have 546 00:31:19,360 --> 00:31:24,000 Speaker 1: different jobs. And um, at first you're a nurse, and then, 547 00:31:24,040 --> 00:31:26,600 Speaker 1: like you said, once you get little older, you might 548 00:31:26,640 --> 00:31:29,320 Speaker 1: be a maide or a butler and clean on not butler, 549 00:31:29,320 --> 00:31:32,000 Speaker 1: I guess it made and start cleaning out the other, uh, 550 00:31:32,680 --> 00:31:35,480 Speaker 1: you know, the other empty cells. Even though you said 551 00:31:35,480 --> 00:31:37,400 Speaker 1: they're supposed to do it yourself, I guess they. You know, 552 00:31:37,440 --> 00:31:40,840 Speaker 1: some are lazy, maybe some some other worker bee has 553 00:31:40,880 --> 00:31:42,480 Speaker 1: to come behind and take care of their business. They're like, 554 00:31:42,480 --> 00:31:45,400 Speaker 1: I'm gonna keep my eye on you, exactly. And then 555 00:31:45,440 --> 00:31:47,280 Speaker 1: they also learned at that point out to forge for 556 00:31:47,280 --> 00:31:50,480 Speaker 1: food and make honey. And this is where things get 557 00:31:50,520 --> 00:31:53,120 Speaker 1: kind of fun. Those are and those are the oldest ones. Yeah, 558 00:31:53,400 --> 00:31:55,400 Speaker 1: the oldest ones are the scouts and the ones that 559 00:31:55,520 --> 00:31:59,400 Speaker 1: forage or the oldest bees in the hive. The followers. Yeah, um, 560 00:31:59,680 --> 00:32:02,520 Speaker 1: and to say, real quick to first chuck um that 561 00:32:02,520 --> 00:32:07,920 Speaker 1: that was social bee reproduction. UM. Solitary bee reproduction is 562 00:32:08,040 --> 00:32:11,360 Speaker 1: very sad. Sometimes in some species the mother lays an egg, 563 00:32:11,920 --> 00:32:16,040 Speaker 1: seals up this um whatever cheese used as the nest 564 00:32:16,440 --> 00:32:19,600 Speaker 1: with a little bee bread, a little honey whatever, and 565 00:32:19,640 --> 00:32:22,280 Speaker 1: then takes off and dies and they never see their 566 00:32:22,320 --> 00:32:27,920 Speaker 1: little baby bee. That is said, and that sad. So uh. 567 00:32:28,520 --> 00:32:30,880 Speaker 1: Bees find their food in pretty remarkable ways. That can 568 00:32:30,920 --> 00:32:33,680 Speaker 1: smell like really really well, and like we said, they 569 00:32:33,680 --> 00:32:37,800 Speaker 1: can recognize color patterns and things, and they have their 570 00:32:37,840 --> 00:32:42,160 Speaker 1: solar compass, so this allows them to see where the 571 00:32:42,160 --> 00:32:44,479 Speaker 1: sun is. They also have an internal clock, so when 572 00:32:44,480 --> 00:32:46,360 Speaker 1: they go out the scout bees and find the food, 573 00:32:46,680 --> 00:32:48,760 Speaker 1: they know, all the sun's right there, and I flew 574 00:32:49,840 --> 00:32:52,320 Speaker 1: three yards. Now I'm flying back and the sun is 575 00:32:52,400 --> 00:32:55,600 Speaker 1: right there. So they can actually use those together to 576 00:32:55,720 --> 00:32:59,400 Speaker 1: pinpoint or pinpoint for the others where the food is 577 00:32:59,400 --> 00:33:01,680 Speaker 1: because they're going I'm back to tell everyone, hey, and 578 00:33:01,680 --> 00:33:03,760 Speaker 1: they you know, let them taste like this is what 579 00:33:03,800 --> 00:33:06,360 Speaker 1: you're after. Taste a little bit of this and now 580 00:33:06,800 --> 00:33:10,520 Speaker 1: come with me. By way of this dance, they can 581 00:33:10,560 --> 00:33:13,720 Speaker 1: remember and judge and measure where they went, where the 582 00:33:13,760 --> 00:33:16,200 Speaker 1: food source was, but then they also can communicate it 583 00:33:16,240 --> 00:33:19,400 Speaker 1: like you sit through dancing. UM. And if food's really 584 00:33:19,440 --> 00:33:22,960 Speaker 1: close by, they'll just basically run up a vertical wall 585 00:33:23,160 --> 00:33:27,120 Speaker 1: of a honeycomb, which they call it the dance floor. UM, 586 00:33:27,200 --> 00:33:29,600 Speaker 1: and we not just us. It's called the dance that's 587 00:33:29,640 --> 00:33:32,120 Speaker 1: what people who study bees call it. UM. And they 588 00:33:32,280 --> 00:33:36,120 Speaker 1: basically just run up or down in the direction of 589 00:33:36,160 --> 00:33:38,680 Speaker 1: the food source in relation to the sun, not in 590 00:33:38,720 --> 00:33:41,600 Speaker 1: relation to the hive. When they go out, they'll be like, Okay, 591 00:33:41,640 --> 00:33:43,680 Speaker 1: the sun's over here, it's it's in this direction. That's 592 00:33:43,680 --> 00:33:46,440 Speaker 1: pretty cool. Yeah, that's called a round dance. And they 593 00:33:46,440 --> 00:33:49,320 Speaker 1: depend on their sense of smell because they don't get 594 00:33:49,320 --> 00:33:52,040 Speaker 1: super specific with the round dance. They're like, I'll get 595 00:33:52,080 --> 00:33:54,040 Speaker 1: you out there and then you'll know trust me exactly 596 00:33:54,400 --> 00:33:57,360 Speaker 1: because bees can smell from meters away, which is that's 597 00:33:57,400 --> 00:34:02,000 Speaker 1: a really far distance. How small bees are. UM. And 598 00:34:02,040 --> 00:34:04,160 Speaker 1: when the when the food is a little further away, 599 00:34:04,200 --> 00:34:08,000 Speaker 1: they do the actual waggle dance and UM. Basically this 600 00:34:08,080 --> 00:34:11,279 Speaker 1: is running again in a in a line in the 601 00:34:11,280 --> 00:34:14,640 Speaker 1: direction of the food and then making these little um 602 00:34:14,880 --> 00:34:18,279 Speaker 1: circles in opposing directions at the end of the line. 603 00:34:18,320 --> 00:34:20,120 Speaker 1: So it will run up and then go to the 604 00:34:20,200 --> 00:34:21,799 Speaker 1: left in the circle, and then run up and then 605 00:34:21,840 --> 00:34:23,920 Speaker 1: go to the right in the circle. Um, and that 606 00:34:23,960 --> 00:34:26,680 Speaker 1: tells everybody where the where the food is, and then 607 00:34:26,719 --> 00:34:29,960 Speaker 1: the quality of the food source, how tight the circle is, 608 00:34:30,000 --> 00:34:33,439 Speaker 1: I think kind of says it's really really good, or 609 00:34:33,480 --> 00:34:37,000 Speaker 1: if it's a big loping circle, mamb like it's okay, 610 00:34:37,320 --> 00:34:40,480 Speaker 1: we've had better. And then the bees also flapping its 611 00:34:40,480 --> 00:34:42,799 Speaker 1: wings at the same time, and all the bees that 612 00:34:42,800 --> 00:34:45,839 Speaker 1: have gathered around, like you said, um are called followers. 613 00:34:46,200 --> 00:34:48,640 Speaker 1: They're the oldest ones in the hive, and they're taking 614 00:34:48,680 --> 00:34:51,480 Speaker 1: all this information in and a specific group of them 615 00:34:51,480 --> 00:34:53,520 Speaker 1: are going to be directly behind the bee while it's 616 00:34:53,560 --> 00:34:57,719 Speaker 1: doing this waggle dance wind, yeah, flapping its wings, and 617 00:34:57,760 --> 00:35:00,239 Speaker 1: that wind is going to tell them about how long 618 00:35:00,320 --> 00:35:02,640 Speaker 1: they need to travel for. And then all the bees 619 00:35:02,719 --> 00:35:05,080 Speaker 1: take off. When they get to about the right area, 620 00:35:05,080 --> 00:35:08,239 Speaker 1: they go into like a search pattern until somebody finds it, 621 00:35:08,320 --> 00:35:10,680 Speaker 1: and then they start making trips back and forth. Yep. 622 00:35:11,000 --> 00:35:13,719 Speaker 1: I mean they're delivering a lot of information here, very 623 00:35:13,719 --> 00:35:16,840 Speaker 1: specific information. And um, they make about a dozen trips. 624 00:35:17,680 --> 00:35:19,880 Speaker 1: Each bee can carry about half her weight in pollen 625 00:35:20,000 --> 00:35:25,279 Speaker 1: or nectar, which is amazing. And then um, when they 626 00:35:25,320 --> 00:35:28,120 Speaker 1: come back to unload the stuff, there's more communication going 627 00:35:28,160 --> 00:35:31,000 Speaker 1: on because the little unloaders that are back at the 628 00:35:31,080 --> 00:35:36,040 Speaker 1: hive will behave differently according to how much uh more 629 00:35:36,080 --> 00:35:38,040 Speaker 1: food they need. If they're like, come on, come on, 630 00:35:38,080 --> 00:35:40,040 Speaker 1: give it, give it, give it, that means keep going, 631 00:35:40,160 --> 00:35:43,640 Speaker 1: keep going. And then they're like, yeah, yeah, I guess 632 00:35:43,640 --> 00:35:46,120 Speaker 1: I'll take it since you brought it. But we're really 633 00:35:46,120 --> 00:35:49,600 Speaker 1: doing okay, They're like, all right, well, I'm not going 634 00:35:49,600 --> 00:35:51,120 Speaker 1: to get anymore if you're just not going to be 635 00:35:51,160 --> 00:35:53,680 Speaker 1: excited about it any longer, Let's just find some men 636 00:35:53,719 --> 00:35:57,000 Speaker 1: to have sex with, right, Or let's turn this next 637 00:35:57,040 --> 00:36:00,200 Speaker 1: there into honey, yes, just because for storage per this 638 00:36:00,280 --> 00:36:04,240 Speaker 1: honey has far less volume than nectar. It's basically concentrated nectar, 639 00:36:04,520 --> 00:36:07,080 Speaker 1: so you can store more of it, right, that's right. 640 00:36:07,160 --> 00:36:09,880 Speaker 1: So they transform nectar into honey in a in a 641 00:36:10,160 --> 00:36:13,799 Speaker 1: kind of a gross way. Um, they regurgitate it over 642 00:36:13,840 --> 00:36:16,960 Speaker 1: and over and over, which evaporates the water out of it. 643 00:36:17,520 --> 00:36:20,560 Speaker 1: And um, they also flap their little wings to I 644 00:36:20,600 --> 00:36:23,480 Speaker 1: guess use air to do the same thing. And so 645 00:36:23,600 --> 00:36:26,640 Speaker 1: honey is a bunch of regurgitated be stuff. Because there's 646 00:36:26,680 --> 00:36:28,719 Speaker 1: it's the vomit. Yeah, I mean there's be stuff in 647 00:36:28,760 --> 00:36:31,879 Speaker 1: there as well. Yeah, it's not just nectar like they're 648 00:36:31,880 --> 00:36:35,200 Speaker 1: stuck in the moisture out, but they're also adding enzymes 649 00:36:35,200 --> 00:36:38,320 Speaker 1: and stuff their own from their body to make honey. 650 00:36:38,360 --> 00:36:41,880 Speaker 1: It's not just dehydrated nectar. It's it's honey is a 651 00:36:41,920 --> 00:36:44,640 Speaker 1: different thing that's made by this stuff, but it has 652 00:36:44,680 --> 00:36:47,840 Speaker 1: some pretty amazing properties to it. Um. One of the 653 00:36:47,920 --> 00:36:53,000 Speaker 1: things that's added during this regurgitation process is called glucose 654 00:36:53,080 --> 00:36:57,319 Speaker 1: oxidase and UM. When it's fed too young to the young, 655 00:36:57,640 --> 00:36:59,880 Speaker 1: it's broken down into glucosset, which gives them tons of 656 00:37:00,040 --> 00:37:03,560 Speaker 1: energy because there's a lot of sugar calories in in honey. 657 00:37:03,600 --> 00:37:08,719 Speaker 1: But it's also broken down into um hydrogen peroxide, which 658 00:37:08,760 --> 00:37:10,959 Speaker 1: is one of the things that gives honey. It's anti 659 00:37:11,320 --> 00:37:15,560 Speaker 1: microbial antibacterial properties, and that's why humans have been using 660 00:37:15,600 --> 00:37:18,720 Speaker 1: it and eating it for thousands and thousands of years 661 00:37:19,080 --> 00:37:22,360 Speaker 1: to treat wounds. Occasionally, it can be good in a 662 00:37:22,440 --> 00:37:27,680 Speaker 1: pinch if you're a survivalist, especially an open wound. UM there. So, 663 00:37:28,000 --> 00:37:30,480 Speaker 1: I mean you've heard that honey is um like it 664 00:37:30,960 --> 00:37:34,319 Speaker 1: keeps forever. Basically Obviously it doesn't keep for everybody will 665 00:37:34,360 --> 00:37:36,840 Speaker 1: keep a very long time. That's one of the big reasons. 666 00:37:37,239 --> 00:37:40,120 Speaker 1: Another reason is that um it has a high asmotic 667 00:37:40,200 --> 00:37:43,480 Speaker 1: pressure and it's hygroscopic, which means it wicks moisture out 668 00:37:43,480 --> 00:37:46,719 Speaker 1: of the air around it, and since it has a 669 00:37:46,800 --> 00:37:50,200 Speaker 1: high asmotic pressure, it does it really strongly. So if 670 00:37:50,200 --> 00:37:55,600 Speaker 1: you're a little nice, um moisturized piece of bacteria UM 671 00:37:55,680 --> 00:37:58,080 Speaker 1: and you come in contact with honey, it's gonna suck 672 00:37:58,120 --> 00:38:02,080 Speaker 1: the moisture out of you and kill you. Antibacterial. Wow, Yeah, 673 00:38:02,200 --> 00:38:05,120 Speaker 1: that's pretty amazing. If you come across a beehive in 674 00:38:05,120 --> 00:38:07,279 Speaker 1: the wintertime and they just seem like they're all in 675 00:38:07,280 --> 00:38:12,160 Speaker 1: there asleep, hibernating, not so, they're still pretty active. They 676 00:38:12,200 --> 00:38:15,200 Speaker 1: they will leave the hive to poop and pee because well, 677 00:38:15,239 --> 00:38:18,120 Speaker 1: I guess they don't pee, but they leave the hive 678 00:38:18,200 --> 00:38:19,880 Speaker 1: to do their business because they don't want to go 679 00:38:19,920 --> 00:38:23,400 Speaker 1: in their little cell, which again, they're very tidy little creatures. 680 00:38:23,719 --> 00:38:25,840 Speaker 1: They know not to like wallow in their own feces 681 00:38:26,520 --> 00:38:33,200 Speaker 1: not feces but bt uh. But they are still pretty 682 00:38:33,239 --> 00:38:36,359 Speaker 1: busy there because they have to keep warm. So they 683 00:38:36,440 --> 00:38:38,720 Speaker 1: and especially keep the queen warm, and so they tremble 684 00:38:38,880 --> 00:38:42,720 Speaker 1: just like humans kind of shiver just to increase the warmth. 685 00:38:43,000 --> 00:38:45,799 Speaker 1: Then the summertime they will flap their wings to kind 686 00:38:45,800 --> 00:38:47,799 Speaker 1: of keep things climate controlled on the cooler side and 687 00:38:47,880 --> 00:38:51,359 Speaker 1: drip water on the honey comb. That's amazing. They are 688 00:38:51,400 --> 00:38:55,440 Speaker 1: pretty amazing creatures. If you and I still hate them, yeah, 689 00:38:55,680 --> 00:38:57,839 Speaker 1: Oh we should also say, I'm real quick that while 690 00:38:58,000 --> 00:39:01,760 Speaker 1: the honey has a lot of antibacterial properties and anti 691 00:39:01,800 --> 00:39:06,400 Speaker 1: microbial properties, one particular bacteria that is impervious to honey's 692 00:39:06,760 --> 00:39:12,000 Speaker 1: defenses is um Clustridium baculinum AK boculi is um, the 693 00:39:12,080 --> 00:39:15,200 Speaker 1: bacteria that gives you a boculi is um um. And 694 00:39:15,480 --> 00:39:19,680 Speaker 1: since it's soil born, uh, it's very easy for sea 695 00:39:19,719 --> 00:39:23,000 Speaker 1: bachulnum to get into honey. It's in honey. Any honey 696 00:39:23,000 --> 00:39:25,400 Speaker 1: you eat is going to have it in there. It's 697 00:39:25,480 --> 00:39:28,600 Speaker 1: not in large enough measure to affect us, but it 698 00:39:28,640 --> 00:39:31,480 Speaker 1: could be life threatening to a baby, which is why 699 00:39:31,560 --> 00:39:34,040 Speaker 1: they always say, like, never give honey to a baby. 700 00:39:34,520 --> 00:39:37,720 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, ever, you know, I don't think we mentioned 701 00:39:37,719 --> 00:39:39,560 Speaker 1: either the honey. You know, you have different flavors of 702 00:39:39,560 --> 00:39:42,120 Speaker 1: honey that depends on what the bee has been Uh, 703 00:39:42,520 --> 00:39:44,520 Speaker 1: what kind of flowers the bee's been hanging out. It's 704 00:39:44,560 --> 00:39:48,000 Speaker 1: like orange blossom, honey, it's clover is orange blossom and clover. 705 00:39:48,719 --> 00:39:52,080 Speaker 1: So I never knew that either makes perfect sense. Bees. 706 00:39:52,280 --> 00:39:54,280 Speaker 1: I thought it wasn't like an added flavor or something, 707 00:39:56,160 --> 00:40:00,400 Speaker 1: you know, like whatever you know will make different flavors 708 00:40:00,400 --> 00:40:02,839 Speaker 1: of And it was like natural occurring. You're like, when 709 00:40:03,040 --> 00:40:06,279 Speaker 1: are they going to make bacon honey? Man A bit 710 00:40:06,360 --> 00:40:09,920 Speaker 1: that's good. Just cook some bacon, put some honey on it. 711 00:40:10,200 --> 00:40:12,799 Speaker 1: Um um. And you know we had we did a 712 00:40:12,800 --> 00:40:17,640 Speaker 1: podcast on colony collapse disorder, so I would encourage people 713 00:40:17,640 --> 00:40:19,000 Speaker 1: to go listen to that as well. It was a 714 00:40:19,000 --> 00:40:22,080 Speaker 1: good one in the archives. Um, have you got anything else? 715 00:40:22,719 --> 00:40:25,000 Speaker 1: I've got nothing else? Okay, bees. If you want to 716 00:40:25,080 --> 00:40:27,320 Speaker 1: learn more about bees, you should go check out this 717 00:40:27,520 --> 00:40:32,479 Speaker 1: very thorough um article on how stuff works dot com. 718 00:40:32,840 --> 00:40:34,960 Speaker 1: Can type in bees and it will bring it up 719 00:40:34,960 --> 00:40:38,120 Speaker 1: and you can learn even more, including about colony collapse 720 00:40:38,200 --> 00:40:41,800 Speaker 1: disorder and um be keeping as well. Yeah, maybe we 721 00:40:41,840 --> 00:40:44,760 Speaker 1: should be keeping one day. Okay, I don't mean a podcast, 722 00:40:44,760 --> 00:40:47,920 Speaker 1: I mean just started on the side business. Haven't we already? 723 00:40:47,920 --> 00:40:50,439 Speaker 1: Did you have like a smoker and everything? Uh? Yeah, 724 00:40:50,520 --> 00:40:53,479 Speaker 1: TV will tell you I do. Um. Okay, so since 725 00:40:53,520 --> 00:40:56,160 Speaker 1: I said search bar, I think I did at how 726 00:40:56,239 --> 00:40:58,360 Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com and that means it's time for 727 00:40:58,560 --> 00:41:03,040 Speaker 1: of course listening mail. All right, Josh, I'm gonna call this, 728 00:41:03,239 --> 00:41:06,919 Speaker 1: uh correction from a librarian. Remember we did our book 729 00:41:06,920 --> 00:41:11,840 Speaker 1: banning podcast. That's her correction. That's all she said, and 730 00:41:11,920 --> 00:41:15,600 Speaker 1: that is from Carly. Thank you, Carly. Hey, guys, love 731 00:41:15,640 --> 00:41:17,480 Speaker 1: your show. As a librarian, I was excited to hear 732 00:41:17,560 --> 00:41:19,520 Speaker 1: what you had to say about book banning. However, I'd 733 00:41:19,560 --> 00:41:22,200 Speaker 1: like to clear up a misconception about the role of 734 00:41:22,200 --> 00:41:25,080 Speaker 1: a librarian and banning books. You said, if a customer 735 00:41:25,160 --> 00:41:28,600 Speaker 1: patron approaches the librarian wants a book ban it is 736 00:41:28,680 --> 00:41:31,719 Speaker 1: up to the librarian to decide this is not. This 737 00:41:31,760 --> 00:41:34,520 Speaker 1: could not be further from the truth. In the cases, 738 00:41:35,200 --> 00:41:38,520 Speaker 1: public libraries are run by boards of trustees, volunteers in 739 00:41:38,560 --> 00:41:41,520 Speaker 1: the community who set policies for the library. UH. These 740 00:41:41,560 --> 00:41:44,360 Speaker 1: community members are not librarians, and when someone wants a 741 00:41:44,360 --> 00:41:47,040 Speaker 1: book removed, they must fill out a form and submit 742 00:41:47,120 --> 00:41:49,440 Speaker 1: it to the board. Then the board reviews the material 743 00:41:49,480 --> 00:41:52,600 Speaker 1: in the objection the board of trustees. UH, it is 744 00:41:52,640 --> 00:41:54,880 Speaker 1: the board of trustees who decides whether or not to 745 00:41:54,880 --> 00:41:57,680 Speaker 1: remove the item. The board of trustees may consult with 746 00:41:57,719 --> 00:42:02,200 Speaker 1: others like librarians, UH review, sources, the community at large, etcetera. 747 00:42:02,280 --> 00:42:05,040 Speaker 1: But it is not the librarian who decides whether to 748 00:42:05,040 --> 00:42:07,960 Speaker 1: ban the book. UM, I hope to hear this corrected. 749 00:42:08,160 --> 00:42:11,719 Speaker 1: She says, it is unfortunate to hear one's profession and 750 00:42:11,760 --> 00:42:17,080 Speaker 1: misconstrued and an international public forum. So that is from Carly, 751 00:42:17,560 --> 00:42:19,600 Speaker 1: and she says thanks, and keep up the good work 752 00:42:20,080 --> 00:42:25,200 Speaker 1: and Chuch, thanks Carly, appreciate that. Um. I think everybody 753 00:42:25,239 --> 00:42:27,920 Speaker 1: got that. It's pretty clear and concise. It is not 754 00:42:28,040 --> 00:42:31,000 Speaker 1: librarians in most cases who can carry out the banning. 755 00:42:31,120 --> 00:42:32,680 Speaker 1: It sounds like she might have been yelled at by 756 00:42:32,680 --> 00:42:36,399 Speaker 1: somebody because of our podcast. Maybe well she just yelled 757 00:42:36,440 --> 00:42:40,480 Speaker 1: at us. UM, if you have a correction for us, 758 00:42:40,480 --> 00:42:42,520 Speaker 1: we are always very much open to those who we 759 00:42:42,560 --> 00:42:44,160 Speaker 1: want to hear him so we can pass them along 760 00:42:44,200 --> 00:42:47,080 Speaker 1: because we like correcting ourselves and getting things right. You 761 00:42:47,120 --> 00:42:49,920 Speaker 1: can tweet to us at s Y s K podcast. 762 00:42:50,440 --> 00:42:52,640 Speaker 1: You can join us on Facebook dot com slash Stuff 763 00:42:52,680 --> 00:42:55,399 Speaker 1: you Should Know, and you can send us a good 764 00:42:55,400 --> 00:43:00,120 Speaker 1: old fashioned email at stuff Podcast at Discovery dot com 765 00:43:05,440 --> 00:43:08,000 Speaker 1: For more on this and thousands of other topics, visit 766 00:43:08,040 --> 00:43:17,600 Speaker 1: how staff works dot com. H brought to you by 767 00:43:17,640 --> 00:43:19,560 Speaker 1: the two thousand twelve Toyota Camera