WEBVTT - Selects: How Dementia Works 0:00:01.040 --> 0:00:03.559 Good morning everyone. I hope you're enjoying yourself and having 0:00:03.600 --> 0:00:06.280 a great weekend with friends, family, loved ones, or I 0:00:06.320 --> 0:00:09.119 don't know, even people you might dislike a little bit. 0:00:09.880 --> 0:00:13.160 How dementia works. This is a pretty brutal episode, everybody. 0:00:13.160 --> 0:00:16.759 This is from November fourth, twenty fifteen, but there's some 0:00:16.800 --> 0:00:21.000 really good information in it. If you are suffering from dementia, 0:00:21.120 --> 0:00:24.040 or someone in your family is suffering from dementia, you 0:00:24.160 --> 0:00:29.280 have our deepest empathy because it is tough stuff, and 0:00:29.360 --> 0:00:31.080 we hope this episode can bring you a little bit 0:00:31.120 --> 0:00:34.720 of comfort because knowledge is power and understanding things is 0:00:34.720 --> 0:00:37.280 what we're all about, and that can really help sometimes 0:00:37.320 --> 0:00:39.800 when you're dealing with something as devastating as dementia. 0:00:40.600 --> 0:00:42.559 So how dementia works, right here. 0:00:42.440 --> 0:00:49.120 Right now, Welcome to Stuff You Should Know, a production 0:00:49.360 --> 0:00:55.720 of iHeartRadio. 0:00:56.360 --> 0:00:58.680 Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark with 0:00:58.760 --> 0:01:03.920 Charles w Chuck Bryant and Noel. The Stint of Noel continues. 0:01:04.640 --> 0:01:08.399 Everybody's like, stuff you should Noel. No, No, that's not 0:01:08.400 --> 0:01:11.399 what we're calling it. It's the Stint of Noel. All right, 0:01:12.920 --> 0:01:14.800 Stuff you should Knowel. That's too clever. 0:01:16.360 --> 0:01:20.560 Yeah, it's a little cutesy. Yeah, that's all all right. 0:01:20.720 --> 0:01:23.200 It's my only aversion to it. All right, all right? 0:01:23.240 --> 0:01:25.200 What do you are you with? Stuff you should know? 0:01:26.319 --> 0:01:28.800 Changing the name of our show after eight years? 0:01:28.920 --> 0:01:31.720 No, just the Noel's stint the name of it. Remember 0:01:31.760 --> 0:01:32.920 the Summer of Sam? 0:01:33.080 --> 0:01:34.679 Oh? Yeah? Yeah, sure, why not? 0:01:35.720 --> 0:01:36.240 I don't like it? 0:01:36.920 --> 0:01:37.320 All right? 0:01:38.360 --> 0:01:40.800 Should we come up with the third idea? 0:01:40.920 --> 0:01:41.240 Yeah? 0:01:42.000 --> 0:01:45.679 The stint of nol sounds too much like something's wrong 0:01:45.720 --> 0:01:46.119 with Noel. 0:01:47.040 --> 0:01:50.559 That's why I like it. It's hilarious. There's nothing wrong 0:01:50.600 --> 0:01:52.640 with Noel, my god. And if you think there is, 0:01:52.680 --> 0:01:53.760 you need to answer to me. 0:01:54.480 --> 0:01:55.440 There's something you should know. 0:01:58.040 --> 0:02:01.080 I see, that's what I'm saying. It sounds like something Strickland. 0:02:01.080 --> 0:02:01.800 Would it come up with? 0:02:02.400 --> 0:02:04.960 Oh? You know? And we haven't been in a flame 0:02:04.960 --> 0:02:06.120 war with Strickland in a while. 0:02:06.240 --> 0:02:08.120 It has been a while. It's been too long. I've 0:02:08.120 --> 0:02:11.560 gotten soft. You just launched one across the bow, so. 0:02:13.040 --> 0:02:13.320 Chuck. 0:02:13.560 --> 0:02:16.880 Yes, are you familiar with dementia? 0:02:17.440 --> 0:02:17.800 Yeah? 0:02:17.840 --> 0:02:20.320 Sure, are you running? Your family doesn't. 0:02:20.080 --> 0:02:23.560 Run in the family, But my grandmother, who lived to 0:02:23.560 --> 0:02:27.200 be one hundred, had dementia at some point, which you know, 0:02:27.200 --> 0:02:30.000 when you love to be one hundred. That's I don't 0:02:30.000 --> 0:02:31.919 know about likely, but it's not surprising. 0:02:32.040 --> 0:02:36.160 It's probably pretty likely. It's not from what I understand, 0:02:36.160 --> 0:02:41.720 it's not a just a natural consequence of age, right, 0:02:42.200 --> 0:02:44.359 but it's pretty prevalent. 0:02:44.520 --> 0:02:44.880 Sure. 0:02:46.240 --> 0:02:49.880 And dementia's actually super misunderstood. It gets confused with Alzheimer's 0:02:49.919 --> 0:02:52.440 a lot, or there's a lot of different kinds of dementia, 0:02:52.440 --> 0:02:55.520 But dementia is actually it's not a disease. It's a 0:02:55.560 --> 0:02:58.400 set of symptoms that's brought on by disease. 0:02:58.840 --> 0:02:59.200 Yeah. 0:02:59.320 --> 0:03:03.360 I think that is widely misunderstood. Yeah, but you are 0:03:03.400 --> 0:03:04.120 totally correct. 0:03:04.160 --> 0:03:05.639 A set of symptoms, and. 0:03:07.160 --> 0:03:12.239 It is not just your garden variety forgetfulness that comes 0:03:12.280 --> 0:03:12.919 as you age. 0:03:13.040 --> 0:03:15.600 No, because that is age related and that is normal. 0:03:15.680 --> 0:03:19.080 The totally age related things called age associated memory impairment, 0:03:19.760 --> 0:03:22.880 and that is uh. I think, I mean that happens 0:03:22.880 --> 0:03:24.120 to everyone, right, It's just. 0:03:24.000 --> 0:03:26.600 Like you forget your keys more often, that kind of stuff. Sure, 0:03:26.760 --> 0:03:28.920 But when you do forget your keys more often, you 0:03:29.600 --> 0:03:32.000 snap your finger and go, ah, I forgot my keys again, 0:03:32.160 --> 0:03:35.440 what is wrong with me? Yeah, that's normal. 0:03:35.560 --> 0:03:37.720 One of the big tells of true dementia is when 0:03:37.760 --> 0:03:40.200 you don't realize that you're forgetting right. 0:03:40.480 --> 0:03:42.320 So that's when it gets scary. 0:03:42.200 --> 0:03:46.040 Right, And we said that it's not a natural consequence 0:03:46.080 --> 0:03:48.760 of age. And one of the things that I turned 0:03:48.800 --> 0:03:51.760 up in researching this is we're not exactly sure what 0:03:51.960 --> 0:03:54.680 causes dementia. We don't even know if some of the 0:03:54.720 --> 0:03:58.360 telltale signs of dementia are the cause of dementia in 0:03:58.400 --> 0:04:02.560 some cases or the result of dementiae. Not entirely certain, 0:04:02.920 --> 0:04:06.880 but it is very widespread among the aged population. In 0:04:07.200 --> 0:04:11.040 the United States. I think five point three million Americans 0:04:11.080 --> 0:04:12.200 have dementia right now. 0:04:12.320 --> 0:04:12.640 Wow. 0:04:13.080 --> 0:04:16.120 And as our population ages, because the baby boomers are 0:04:16.160 --> 0:04:19.839 starting to get older, I think they're expecting something like 0:04:19.960 --> 0:04:23.400 sixteen million Americans are going to have it by twenty fifty. 0:04:23.640 --> 0:04:26.040 Sixteen million is I think how many? About how many 0:04:26.040 --> 0:04:28.680 people have it around the world right now? And in 0:04:28.760 --> 0:04:32.159 America alone, we're going to have that number in twenty fifty. Yeah, 0:04:32.200 --> 0:04:37.479 and it's very expensive, Actually, how much money a lot? 0:04:37.600 --> 0:04:38.240 You ready for this? 0:04:38.440 --> 0:04:39.120 Yeah? 0:04:39.320 --> 0:04:42.640 In twenty fifteen, we have spent two hundred and twenty 0:04:42.680 --> 0:04:47.320 six billion dollars on healthcare for dementia a while, and 0:04:47.600 --> 0:04:51.600 they're expecting by I believe twenty fifty, when we are 0:04:51.680 --> 0:04:56.560 caring for sixteen million in twenty fifteen dollars, not futuristic, 0:04:57.200 --> 0:05:02.159 much more inflated fifty do right in twenty fifteen dollars, 0:05:02.320 --> 0:05:06.160 We'll be spending about one point two trillion dollars on 0:05:06.200 --> 0:05:08.480 dementia if somebody doesn't do something. 0:05:08.880 --> 0:05:09.240 Man. 0:05:09.600 --> 0:05:14.400 Yeah, it's very expensive. It's also extraordinarily sad as far 0:05:14.440 --> 0:05:18.440 as diseases or symptoms of diseases. Yeah, yeah. 0:05:18.480 --> 0:05:22.640 And I also want to recommend our May twenty eleven episode, 0:05:22.680 --> 0:05:26.520 A podcast to remember. Our memory episode ties heavily into this, 0:05:26.600 --> 0:05:28.440 So if you haven't listened to that one yet, go 0:05:28.560 --> 0:05:30.200 listen to that one, either before or after. 0:05:30.200 --> 0:05:32.320 Or if you listen to it and forgot, go back 0:05:32.320 --> 0:05:32.960 and listen to it. 0:05:33.040 --> 0:05:33.479 That's right. 0:05:34.080 --> 0:05:39.960 So dementia itself is not diagnosed. It's not simply memory loss. 0:05:40.000 --> 0:05:43.880 It's memory loss along with one of the following at 0:05:43.960 --> 0:05:47.080 least one of the following one or more. Aphasia, which 0:05:47.160 --> 0:05:50.839 is if you can't understand or produce language any longer, 0:05:51.640 --> 0:05:54.560 a praxia, and all these are super sad if you've 0:05:54.560 --> 0:05:55.040 ever seen. 0:05:54.920 --> 0:05:55.479 Them up close. 0:05:56.120 --> 0:05:59.120 A praxia if you cannot make certain movements even though 0:05:59.120 --> 0:06:03.719 your body physically is healthy, right, agnosia, which is you 0:06:03.760 --> 0:06:08.479 don't recognize objects like the remote control or your grandkids, 0:06:08.560 --> 0:06:12.800 stuff like that. And then executive dysfunction when you have 0:06:12.839 --> 0:06:15.760 a lot of troubles planning and organizing and reasoning. So 0:06:15.839 --> 0:06:17.760 that along with the memory loss or at least one 0:06:17.760 --> 0:06:20.760 of these, you could be diagnosed with dementia, right. 0:06:21.440 --> 0:06:24.880 And so, like we said, dementia is a set of symptoms, right, Yes, 0:06:25.560 --> 0:06:28.800 it's actually brought on by disease. And the most common 0:06:29.200 --> 0:06:33.000 cause of dementia I think something like sixty or seventy 0:06:33.040 --> 0:06:36.840 percent or something like that of dementia cases is brought 0:06:36.839 --> 0:06:38.239 on by Alzheimer's disease. 0:06:38.480 --> 0:06:40.520 I could have sworn we did one on Alzheimer's, but 0:06:40.560 --> 0:06:42.520 we have not. Yeah, I don't think we have. 0:06:43.160 --> 0:06:44.680 I don't know. We've talked about it enough. 0:06:44.720 --> 0:06:47.080 I think, yeah, it's popped up plenty of times, but 0:06:47.560 --> 0:06:51.680 we've never just done a straight up Alzheimer's. Alzheimer's brings 0:06:51.680 --> 0:06:58.760 on dementia through something called neurofibrillary fibrillary tangles also known 0:06:58.800 --> 0:07:03.960 as beta I'm sorry, tau protein tangles. Yeah, and beta 0:07:04.040 --> 0:07:06.520 amyloid plaques, right. 0:07:06.640 --> 0:07:09.520 Yeah, and the plaquesa's like a just a protein build up, 0:07:09.560 --> 0:07:10.840 a sticky protein build. 0:07:10.720 --> 0:07:13.400 Up, Yeah, which is so when you when your neurons 0:07:13.440 --> 0:07:16.440 fire and you have a thought, it's an electrochemical process, 0:07:16.440 --> 0:07:20.080 and there's residual that is left behind, and these residuals 0:07:20.120 --> 0:07:23.240 can build up in your synapses and cause your synapses 0:07:23.280 --> 0:07:25.920 to not fire as well. And when your synapses don't 0:07:25.920 --> 0:07:28.120 fire as well, they start to die off, and the 0:07:28.160 --> 0:07:31.800 neurons that are there that lead from these synapses or 0:07:31.880 --> 0:07:36.240 lead to these synapses, die themselves and you have neural loss. 0:07:36.280 --> 0:07:38.840 Like literally the brain cells in your brain are dying 0:07:38.840 --> 0:07:41.320 off at a rapid rate. Yeah, and when it's caused 0:07:41.320 --> 0:07:45.400 by beta proteins and TAO or beta amyloid plaques and 0:07:45.440 --> 0:07:49.720 tau proteins in the cells, then what you have is Alzheimer's. 0:07:50.200 --> 0:07:53.280 Yeah, And they aren't sure the cause of Alzheimer's still, 0:07:53.800 --> 0:07:56.960 Genetics is they think has a lot to do with it. 0:07:58.680 --> 0:08:00.560 And you can live with Alzheimer's for while. 0:08:00.720 --> 0:08:03.760 Up to a decade, although they said in this article 0:08:03.840 --> 0:08:07.440 many says three to five years is more common. 0:08:07.480 --> 0:08:10.480 So, yeah, it definitely shortened your lifespan. 0:08:10.640 --> 0:08:13.200 And like you said, genes are definitely part of the 0:08:13.480 --> 0:08:21.400 risk factors. A polypo protein, a polopo protein. E okay, 0:08:21.640 --> 0:08:24.520 I think, which is weird. If you have a mutation 0:08:24.680 --> 0:08:27.320 on this gene, you have a higher risk of Alzheimer's, 0:08:27.440 --> 0:08:30.480 even though the gene just codes for a protein that 0:08:30.520 --> 0:08:34.000 carries cholesterol through your bloodstream. Yeah, doesn't have anything to 0:08:34.040 --> 0:08:36.680 do with the TAU protein tangles or anything like that 0:08:36.760 --> 0:08:39.800 as far as I know. That's weird. Also, if you 0:08:39.920 --> 0:08:44.280 have a family history of dementia, you're you have of Alzheimer's, 0:08:44.320 --> 0:08:47.560 you have a higher likelihood. And then if you have 0:08:47.640 --> 0:08:51.680 down syndrome, you are at a higher risk of developing 0:08:51.679 --> 0:08:52.960 Alzheimer's in middle age. 0:08:53.080 --> 0:08:57.640 Oh really yeah, interesting, So that's and we will do 0:08:57.679 --> 0:09:00.600 one on Alzheimer's. But that's how Alzheimer's can call dementia. 0:09:01.360 --> 0:09:06.200 There's also vascular dementia, which is that was the case 0:09:06.240 --> 0:09:09.520 with my grandfather who he had a stroke, and it 0:09:09.520 --> 0:09:12.240 accounts for about twenty percent of dementia cases. 0:09:12.960 --> 0:09:15.680 And you know, stroke is when. 0:09:15.480 --> 0:09:18.920 You have a loss of blood supply to the brain 0:09:19.040 --> 0:09:21.800 or a hemorrhage or a blood clot and it can 0:09:21.880 --> 0:09:26.600 be either one big stroke event which causes a lot 0:09:26.600 --> 0:09:29.840 of damage. And that's a single INFARCD dementia, or it 0:09:29.840 --> 0:09:33.800 can be a lot of the accumulation of symptoms because 0:09:33.800 --> 0:09:36.679 of a lot of little mini strokes you have over 0:09:36.720 --> 0:09:37.400 the years. 0:09:37.200 --> 0:09:39.440 Right, and then the damage just builds up and you 0:09:39.520 --> 0:09:43.600 finally once that last one that does the straw that 0:09:43.600 --> 0:09:48.240 breaks the camel's back. Yeah, and you have dementia that 0:09:48.320 --> 0:09:51.720 happens pretty rapidly after that last that last one, that 0:09:51.800 --> 0:09:52.559 last stroke you have. 0:09:52.760 --> 0:09:54.720 Yeah, and that's a multi infarc when it's a bunch 0:09:54.760 --> 0:09:57.560 of them, and little many strokes are common a lot. 0:09:57.679 --> 0:09:59.640 Sometimes you have them and don't even realize you've had them. 0:09:59.800 --> 0:10:04.280 Right with my grandfather, he had the big one and 0:10:04.440 --> 0:10:07.280 oh really, Yeah, we talked about this before and I 0:10:07.320 --> 0:10:11.640 think something about speech, but yeah, he lost his ability 0:10:11.679 --> 0:10:16.120 to speak, you know, English. 0:10:14.640 --> 0:10:16.320 So that would be a phasia. 0:10:16.760 --> 0:10:19.959 Yes, he couldn't produce language, well, he produced, Yes, he 0:10:20.000 --> 0:10:22.760 cannot produce language. He said things, but it you know, 0:10:22.800 --> 0:10:25.640 it didn't make any sense, gotcha. But he had an understanding. 0:10:25.679 --> 0:10:28.680 You could see the frustration. Yeah, you know, I know 0:10:28.760 --> 0:10:32.840 how to how I'm supposed to. My grandmother is driving us, 0:10:32.920 --> 0:10:35.240 let's say, and she doesn't know how to get there. 0:10:35.679 --> 0:10:40.000 He does, and he can't tell her, but he's telling her. Yeah, 0:10:40.040 --> 0:10:41.440 it's just coming out all mixed up. 0:10:41.520 --> 0:10:45.920 And that's that's a hallmark of dementias. There's emotional changes 0:10:45.960 --> 0:10:50.040 in the person because they they're not communicating like they 0:10:50.080 --> 0:10:53.520 want to say, people aren't responding like they want the 0:10:53.559 --> 0:10:58.240 people to and they'll get snippy and then ultimately say withdrawal. 0:10:58.480 --> 0:11:00.720 They'll just give up on communicating at all because it's 0:11:00.720 --> 0:11:04.240 too frustrating or just too sad, you know, yeah, which 0:11:04.280 --> 0:11:07.280 is it's one of the common results of dementia. It's 0:11:07.320 --> 0:11:10.079 a comorbidity. No, it's a complication. 0:11:10.600 --> 0:11:10.840 Yeah. 0:11:10.880 --> 0:11:14.680 And then and with the single stroke event or actually 0:11:14.800 --> 0:11:17.720 or with the multi strokes, it's. 0:11:17.559 --> 0:11:18.400 Different for everyone. 0:11:18.640 --> 0:11:21.000 There isn't any single like, well, this is going to 0:11:21.040 --> 0:11:24.040 happen because this person had a stroke, right, It could 0:11:24.080 --> 0:11:28.080 be a variety of different things from you know, paralysis 0:11:28.120 --> 0:11:30.720 on one side of the face or body bowel and 0:11:30.720 --> 0:11:33.440 bladder control problems. He didn't have any of those. He 0:11:33.640 --> 0:11:37.000 looked totally the same physically, He walked and talked the same, 0:11:37.040 --> 0:11:39.440 except for the fact that they weren't real words. 0:11:39.600 --> 0:11:39.880 Right. 0:11:39.960 --> 0:11:41.640 That was like the most noticeable thing. 0:11:41.840 --> 0:11:44.760 I remember you telling me about your grandfather before I 0:11:44.760 --> 0:11:45.680 don't remember what it was. 0:11:45.720 --> 0:11:46.240 It was a long time. 0:11:46.320 --> 0:11:49.160 We were talking about speech, like where Nicky's area or 0:11:49.240 --> 0:11:53.679 broke his area? Yeah, yeah, something like that. So with Alzheimer's, 0:11:53.880 --> 0:11:56.880 it first attacks the hippocampus, which means that it's going 0:11:56.960 --> 0:12:01.720 to take away your episodic memory, which is your memory 0:12:01.720 --> 0:12:05.280 of recent events, right, Yeah, and then it starts to 0:12:05.320 --> 0:12:07.760 move its way into other areas of the brain where 0:12:08.120 --> 0:12:11.000 your judgment is affected, your speech patterns are going to 0:12:11.040 --> 0:12:15.280 be affected. Your personality is very much affected and changes 0:12:15.559 --> 0:12:19.280 with Alzheimer's. With Alzheimer's, but not as much with the stroke. Yeah. 0:12:19.320 --> 0:12:22.000 With vascular dementia, you know, there might be some other 0:12:22.080 --> 0:12:25.240 things where like part of the faces sagging, or the 0:12:25.240 --> 0:12:27.360 patient can't move their arm or something like that, but yeah, 0:12:27.400 --> 0:12:30.480 the personality will remain intact because those regions of the 0:12:30.520 --> 0:12:33.160 brain aren't affected like they are in Alzheimer's. 0:12:33.240 --> 0:12:33.560 Yes. 0:12:33.800 --> 0:12:36.480 And then in about five to fifteen percent of dementia 0:12:36.520 --> 0:12:41.439 cases it stems from something called Louis body dementia. 0:12:42.320 --> 0:12:45.000 Which we were just talking about. They think Robin Williams 0:12:45.080 --> 0:12:45.920 might have suffered from. 0:12:45.960 --> 0:12:46.600 He definitely did. 0:12:46.640 --> 0:12:47.280 He definitely did. 0:12:47.400 --> 0:12:49.280 Yeah. They found in his autops that he had I 0:12:49.320 --> 0:12:51.760 think he was diagnosed with it before he died. No, okay, 0:12:51.840 --> 0:12:54.000 that was one of the reasons why he took his life. 0:12:54.120 --> 0:12:59.040 Yeah, because that can cause severe intense hallucinations. 0:12:58.640 --> 0:13:00.360 Yeah big time. Did you look up? 0:13:00.400 --> 0:13:02.520 Oh yeah, man, very scary stuff. 0:13:02.320 --> 0:13:05.320 You like, very apparently A typical one is very brightly 0:13:05.360 --> 0:13:08.600 colored animal or person. Yeah, that you see in great 0:13:08.640 --> 0:13:12.320 detail for many minutes on daily a daily basis, like 0:13:12.360 --> 0:13:14.040 just intense hallucinations. 0:13:14.360 --> 0:13:16.360 I'm sure you think you're you know, losing it, right. 0:13:16.360 --> 0:13:19.000 And that's one of the first symptoms of Louis body dementia. 0:13:19.520 --> 0:13:22.880 And it was discovered by Frederick Louis and nineteen twelve. 0:13:22.880 --> 0:13:25.080 And it has has nothing to do with your body. 0:13:25.080 --> 0:13:30.520 A Louis body is there are deposits again protein deposits 0:13:30.559 --> 0:13:31.880 of the alpha. 0:13:32.080 --> 0:13:34.400 Sinucleon that appear on the brain. 0:13:34.520 --> 0:13:36.400 So don't think of body in the terms of like 0:13:36.440 --> 0:13:40.600 your physical body, right. And this is also president Louis 0:13:40.600 --> 0:13:43.920 Body's and Parkinson's. So as a result, not only are 0:13:44.000 --> 0:13:46.800 you going to have symptoms similar to Alzheimer's with Louis 0:13:46.800 --> 0:13:50.720 body dementia, but also some of the tremors and balance 0:13:50.800 --> 0:13:54.800 issues of Parkinson's right, which is super sad as well. 0:13:55.559 --> 0:13:58.480 Is that what Michael J. Fox has Parkinson's? 0:13:58.559 --> 0:13:58.800 Yeah? 0:13:59.000 --> 0:14:02.120 Yeah, and that's that's what the movie Awakenings was about. 0:14:02.200 --> 0:14:04.720 When they wasn't it like a group of Parkinson's patients 0:14:04.720 --> 0:14:05.240 that like L. 0:14:05.320 --> 0:14:07.760 Dobo worked on, was that Parkinson's I can't remember. 0:14:07.960 --> 0:14:10.400 I think they didn't. They didn't realize what they thought 0:14:10.440 --> 0:14:12.319 they were locked in or something in there. I realized 0:14:12.320 --> 0:14:16.000 their Parkinson's strummers were so acute that they were like 0:14:16.320 --> 0:14:19.920 they were not even shaking, they were just fretly. Yeah. Interesting, 0:14:19.920 --> 0:14:23.400 They're just their muscles were totally contracted rather than contracting 0:14:23.400 --> 0:14:24.640 and relaxing again and again. 0:14:24.760 --> 0:14:26.880 And Robert Williams, Yeah, how about that? 0:14:27.200 --> 0:14:32.600 Yeah, then we have something that used to be well 0:14:32.840 --> 0:14:37.240 it's called now fronto temporal dementia. It used to be 0:14:37.240 --> 0:14:41.600 called Pick's disease, but now Pick's disease is a specific. 0:14:41.200 --> 0:14:45.120 Version which I couldn't really suss out what the difference is, 0:14:45.160 --> 0:14:45.800 could you know? 0:14:47.040 --> 0:14:48.040 I couldn't either, as. 0:14:47.960 --> 0:14:49.560 Long as it wasn't just me, I feel better. 0:14:49.760 --> 0:14:55.000 But ft D is really an umbrella term. It's about 0:14:55.400 --> 0:14:59.960 five percent of dementia cases, and it's going to affect personality, 0:15:00.280 --> 0:15:03.400 behavior and language, like big time, big time, and it's 0:15:03.440 --> 0:15:06.400 where your frontal and temporal lobes are actually atrophying and shrinking. 0:15:07.160 --> 0:15:10.760 Right. And the reason why is you remember with Alzheimer's 0:15:10.800 --> 0:15:13.800 you have beta amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles. 0:15:13.960 --> 0:15:14.240 Yeah. 0:15:14.280 --> 0:15:17.720 Well, with the fronto temporal dementia, you don't have the 0:15:17.720 --> 0:15:20.520 beta amyloid plaqs. You just have the tau protein tangles. 0:15:20.520 --> 0:15:23.840 But it's enough to cause massive neuronal loss. 0:15:24.480 --> 0:15:24.720 Yeah. 0:15:24.720 --> 0:15:26.400 And this is like I think a lot of people 0:15:26.440 --> 0:15:31.720 at first think they might have tourette Yeah, because you 0:15:31.760 --> 0:15:34.920 can yell things out inappropriate behaviors. 0:15:35.480 --> 0:15:38.880 Yeah, Like if your grandfather suddenly becomes hyper interested in 0:15:38.960 --> 0:15:41.880 sex and likes to talk about it in public, or yeah, 0:15:42.080 --> 0:15:45.200 exposes himself to people in public, there's a pretty good 0:15:45.280 --> 0:15:49.600 chance that he has developed fronto temporal dementia. 0:15:49.160 --> 0:15:52.920 Or if I did, because it's unusual in that it 0:15:53.040 --> 0:15:57.160 attacks younger people. It's gonna onset between forty and seventy 0:15:57.200 --> 0:16:00.960 five years old, which distinguishes it from their types of dementia. 0:16:01.040 --> 0:16:03.880 Yeah. And if your grandfather used to do that stuff already, 0:16:04.320 --> 0:16:07.280 then that's not the case. The key here is that, 0:16:07.440 --> 0:16:09.840 like this has come out of the blue, somebody is 0:16:09.920 --> 0:16:13.640 really just completely changed in their personality. They might get 0:16:13.640 --> 0:16:17.040 into really risky behavior like gambling all of a sudden. 0:16:16.920 --> 0:16:22.200 Yeah, shoplifting Yeah, and like risky investments are like pulling 0:16:22.200 --> 0:16:23.320 all their money out of the bank. 0:16:23.480 --> 0:16:28.320 Yeah. And with picks disease too. Apparently apathy is a 0:16:28.320 --> 0:16:32.360 big indicator of this. There's a big personality change and 0:16:32.400 --> 0:16:35.720 the person is no longer they have no empathy, they 0:16:36.480 --> 0:16:39.280 have blunted emotions. Yeah, and then they may also be 0:16:39.320 --> 0:16:43.360 engaging in risky behavior. So basically your grandpa or your 0:16:43.360 --> 0:16:46.520 grandma has just turned into like the transporter you know, 0:16:47.000 --> 0:16:52.480 or me or you well, yeah, you're five. You lack empathy. 0:16:52.760 --> 0:16:54.960 No no, no, I'm just saying, oh, I see, because. 0:16:54.760 --> 0:16:57.720 It affects you sing like they turned into you. Oh no, no, no, 0:16:57.960 --> 0:17:00.320 you have blunted emotions and amble. 0:17:01.160 --> 0:17:02.720 There's also Huntington's disease. 0:17:03.360 --> 0:17:07.040 This is it seems like much more physical in nature, 0:17:07.840 --> 0:17:14.840 uncontrollable movements, although there are changes in personality, but real fidgety, herky, jerky. 0:17:15.840 --> 0:17:19.400 Your brain loses the ability to control coordination essentially, right, 0:17:19.920 --> 0:17:25.800 which is I think fifty percent chance of inheriting the gene. 0:17:25.840 --> 0:17:29.840 But you can live with it for up to twenty years. Yeah, 0:17:29.880 --> 0:17:32.639 which seems like, as far as dementia go, is one 0:17:32.680 --> 0:17:34.920 of the longer life expectancies. 0:17:35.960 --> 0:17:37.919 But again, I mean, like I would guess this has 0:17:38.000 --> 0:17:42.320 kind of become clear. The hallmark of dementia is memory 0:17:42.359 --> 0:17:46.400 loss paired with some other problem like not being able 0:17:46.440 --> 0:17:49.520 to create speech any longer recognize speech, or not being 0:17:49.520 --> 0:17:51.600 able to move that kind of thing, or not being 0:17:51.600 --> 0:17:56.160 able to plan. And like we said, well we should 0:17:56.160 --> 0:17:58.080 probably take a break. Huh. 0:17:58.160 --> 0:17:59.800 Yeah, we got a couple of more types that we'll 0:17:59.800 --> 0:18:02.800 talk about and then some other good stuff. Okay, right 0:18:02.840 --> 0:18:25.720 after this, the last two, actually the last three we're 0:18:25.720 --> 0:18:27.880 going to talk about, because there are many many other 0:18:27.960 --> 0:18:30.960 kinds of dementia, Like, we could spend hours and hours 0:18:30.960 --> 0:18:33.960 talking about all the different kinds hours, But we have 0:18:34.240 --> 0:18:38.520 talked about kreutz felt yakup disease and I. 0:18:38.480 --> 0:18:40.760 Can't remember which one, and we say that all the time. 0:18:41.160 --> 0:18:44.320 Is there a disease that kills by preventing sleep? 0:18:44.440 --> 0:18:44.640 Oh? 0:18:44.680 --> 0:18:46.720 Is that the one which we should have rightly called 0:18:46.760 --> 0:18:48.240 how prion diseases work? 0:18:48.480 --> 0:18:52.280 Yeah, because is a prion infection. It's very rare, about 0:18:52.320 --> 0:18:55.639 one out of a million people will be affected in 0:18:55.720 --> 0:18:56.400 any given. 0:18:56.240 --> 0:19:02.080 Year, like mad cow disease or KU Yeah, exactly. It's 0:19:02.080 --> 0:19:06.400 a sponge of form disease. Yeah, so crazy, it is. 0:19:06.640 --> 0:19:11.280 It's very interesting. It could be genetic. But and I 0:19:11.280 --> 0:19:13.399 thought we also talked about it in an organ transplant. 0:19:14.440 --> 0:19:17.800 I think so, because it can occur because of infected 0:19:17.840 --> 0:19:21.160 tissue that you are implanted with or from an organ. 0:19:21.280 --> 0:19:24.719 Yeah. And this is neuronal loss due to the like 0:19:24.800 --> 0:19:31.960 holes literally being eaten into your brain by this disease. Yeah. 0:19:32.080 --> 0:19:35.800 And then you can also get dementia from when you 0:19:35.840 --> 0:19:39.919 have HIV. If you are a boxer or say a 0:19:39.920 --> 0:19:43.840 football player in the NFL, you may have dementia from 0:19:43.880 --> 0:19:47.240 a traumatic brain injury like a concussion of repeated concussions. 0:19:49.000 --> 0:19:54.160 And there are plenty of diseases. There's also reversible dementia too. 0:19:54.440 --> 0:20:01.480 If you have a vitamin deficiency, if you take certain medications, 0:20:02.880 --> 0:20:06.280 you can develop dementia, but this is reversible for the 0:20:06.320 --> 0:20:10.920 most part. Though, age associated dementia is not reversible. And 0:20:11.040 --> 0:20:14.040 like we said, it's kind of tricky to diagnose this 0:20:14.119 --> 0:20:18.680 stuff because it is normal for people to become more 0:20:18.760 --> 0:20:22.640 forgetful as you age, and then to make it even 0:20:22.680 --> 0:20:28.480 more confounding if you're a diagnostician. Not only do people 0:20:28.480 --> 0:20:32.560 get more forgetful, there's an intermediate stage between dementia, a 0:20:32.640 --> 0:20:37.160 dementia diagnosis, and just normal age related forgetfulness, and that 0:20:37.440 --> 0:20:42.399 is called mild cognitive impairment. So if you can catch 0:20:42.400 --> 0:20:45.360 this from what I understand, and we'll talk about treatments 0:20:45.359 --> 0:20:47.840 and everything later, but if you can catch things like 0:20:47.880 --> 0:20:53.240 Alzheimer's and other diseases that lead to dementia early, although 0:20:53.280 --> 0:20:56.879 there's no cure for any of them, you can manage 0:20:56.920 --> 0:21:01.199 them a lot better and delay to death like the 0:21:01.280 --> 0:21:05.000 real devastation associated with it. Yeah, by a significant amount 0:21:05.040 --> 0:21:09.320 of time. Catching is the tricky part, and especially if 0:21:09.400 --> 0:21:12.520 you have dementia, you don't really realize that there's any 0:21:12.600 --> 0:21:16.640 kind of problem. So you're probably not going to take 0:21:16.640 --> 0:21:17.679 yourself to the doctor. 0:21:18.720 --> 0:21:20.919 No, but you what you should do is listen to 0:21:21.000 --> 0:21:23.360 your loved ones because they are going to be looking 0:21:23.400 --> 0:21:26.400 at you a little more closely then you can. 0:21:26.760 --> 0:21:30.640 You know that they have more perspective. Yeah, exactly, that's 0:21:30.640 --> 0:21:31.360 what you're looking for. 0:21:33.119 --> 0:21:35.359 So don't get you know, don't get offended if a 0:21:35.400 --> 0:21:38.160