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Speaker 1: Hello, and welcome to cool people who did cool stuff,

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Speaker 1: the podcast where I sit in moral judgment of everyone

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Speaker 1: who's ever lived. I'm your host, Margaret with me today

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Speaker 1: is one of my favorite ever guests. Prop. What are

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Speaker 1: you doing man? Tell me something good? Yeah, saying miss

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Speaker 1: out there? Good? I need something good? Yeah, yeah, this

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Speaker 1: is gonna be happy. But this is this is gonna

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Speaker 1: be moral complexity week. Unfortunately, It's gonna be good. It's

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Speaker 1: gonna exists. Okay, I got any percent through this biography

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Speaker 1: before I was like, oh yeah, I need some comic

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Speaker 1: book level fifties comic book good guys, bad guys. Give

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Speaker 1: me some just that would be happy about and a

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Speaker 1: listener you want to hear that? Go back to our

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Speaker 1: first episode that I did with Prop. Oh yeah, just

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Speaker 1: people destroying the Confederacy from the inside. Yeah yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: yeah that was one comic level good. Yeah, that was easy.

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Speaker 1: Our producers Sophie, Hi, Sophie, how are you doing him? Great?

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Speaker 1: I'm good? Pops here yea yeah, squad, this is our

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Speaker 1: comic level good is okay? In our audio engineer, h

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Speaker 1: I what The theme music was written for us by

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Speaker 1: a woman probably have you ever heard of the Amazon rainforest.

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Speaker 1: Yeah yeah, all right, So this week we are talking

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Speaker 1: about a coalition of people who lived in that rainforest

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Speaker 1: in Brazil who did there aren't most to stop it

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Speaker 1: from destruction. Most of that story is going to focus

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Speaker 1: around a union of rubber tappers, the people who collect

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Speaker 1: latex from rubber trees. Okay, and we're gonna tell that

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Speaker 1: story means of the most famous of these people is

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Speaker 1: a guy named Chico Mendez. Okay, And the complicated part here,

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Speaker 1: I tend to judge people who date women based on

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Speaker 1: how they treat those women as like kind of my

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Speaker 1: first and foremost bar I hold everyone too. Mendez's not

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Speaker 1: go ahead. I was gonna say, it's a pretty easy metric,

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Speaker 1: Like it's like, you know, just like does a person

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Speaker 1: like bathe you know, yeah, yeah, Like that's an easy

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Speaker 1: metric that you could just be like check strike one,

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Speaker 1: you know, like yeah, yeah. So Chico Mendez was not

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Speaker 1: up to par in that regard, failed that one. We're

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Speaker 1: gonna talk about that, but it's another moral complexity week.

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Speaker 1: And the movement that he's part of did amazing fucking

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Speaker 1: ship and he was a crucial part of doing a

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Speaker 1: lot of this amazing ship. He was only forty four

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Speaker 1: and he got murdered by the ranchers who wanted to

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Speaker 1: see the rainforest burn. Oh man, And along the way

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Speaker 1: he and the rest of the movement did just amazing ship,

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Speaker 1: cool ship, cool stuff. So let's get into it. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I wrote a song about the forest. Oh yeah, oh ship,

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Speaker 1: that's right. Yeah, yeah, yeah, so I listened to it recently. Actually,

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Speaker 1: yea everybody, Yeah, yeah, that songs sols fun to write,

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Speaker 1: you know. I'm actually now I'm like about to im

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Speaker 1: feeling myself about to get emotional when you get to

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Speaker 1: the dark sides. It is because I'm just like, it's

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Speaker 1: so front of mine right now. Yeah, it's it's funny.

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Speaker 1: As I was, I was reading about all this stuff,

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Speaker 1: you know, and a lot all the books of chapters

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Speaker 1: and chapters about a horrible destruction. And I think one

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Speaker 1: of the things that I do often on this show

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Speaker 1: is like I kind of like point that there's a

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Speaker 1: bunch of bad ship, but I don't always necessarily talk

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Speaker 1: about it. Like if someone gets like tortured and raped,

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Speaker 1: I might just be like, and then bad ship they

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Speaker 1: got tortured and rape. I'm not gonna take in details

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Speaker 1: with the rainforest ship. I'm gonna I'm gonna try in there, yeah,

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Speaker 1: but but I'm not gonna go like hard at it,

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Speaker 1: because I think everyone knows. Everyone listening to this knows

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Speaker 1: the forest fucking matters. Before we get to the rubber tappers,

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Speaker 1: we're gonna race our way through some of Brazil's complex history,

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Speaker 1: and we're gonna stop for a moment for this side quest.

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Speaker 1: I guess and describe one of the coolest things that's

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Speaker 1: ever happened in the history of the world, the Columbo

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Speaker 1: dos Palmyras. And I apologize for any Portuguese that I

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Speaker 1: pronounced accidentally like Spanish, which I'm not particularly good at

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Speaker 1: speaking Spanish, but I like understand how to pronounce it vaguely,

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Speaker 1: and I have a I did look up all of

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Speaker 1: the Portuguese names and ship but I sometimes accidentally ain't

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Speaker 1: going to pronounce them like they're Spanish. So Brazil has

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Speaker 1: been occupied by people for at least eleven thousand years,

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Speaker 1: probably a lot longer than that. It gets its name

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Speaker 1: and its boundaries and shipped from European colonizers. Of course,

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Speaker 1: in this case it is the Portuguese. They show up

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Speaker 1: in fifteen hundred, they settle it in two. They name

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Speaker 1: it after the brazil wood trees. The Portuguese actually tried

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Speaker 1: to call it the Land of the Holy Cross, but

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Speaker 1: the sailors kept being like, no, no, it's where the

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Speaker 1: brazil wood trees are. Pretty soon, that's a that's a

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Speaker 1: good beef where it's like, that's a good beef. It's

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Speaker 1: like the Holy Cross. Not it's just just named after

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Speaker 1: the trees. Many more trees here. Yeah, that's kind of

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Speaker 1: kind of a fun little beef. I know, there's a

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Speaker 1: lot of like, yeah, the the language, the etymology in

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Speaker 1: some of these places, that's really interesting. Um, and then't

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Speaker 1: even a brazil would it comes from basically a word

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Speaker 1: for ember because it's like a red They make a

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Speaker 1: red dye out of it at the time. Pretty soon

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Speaker 1: the whole colony, at least the coast is a sugar plantation,

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Speaker 1: the rainforest on the interior. It gets rated first by

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Speaker 1: conquistadors were looking for El Dorado, the Lost City of Gold.

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Speaker 1: Like I always thought that was like sort of bullshit,

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Speaker 1: like no one actually believed that, Like the yeah, Colombia

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Speaker 1: in Colombia and Brazil, like it was like nas here. Yeah, um,

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Speaker 1: hundreds of fucking years is murdering people, being like where's

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Speaker 1: the gold. Natives are like what yeah, fuck you yeah,

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Speaker 1: what are you talking about? And then after the Conquistadores,

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Speaker 1: you get the Bandaritas, the flag bearers, and they're even worse.

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Speaker 1: They're specifically there to funk up indigenous people and steal

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Speaker 1: them and sell them to the sugar plantations. And this

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Speaker 1: history of the Bandaritas and the Rainforce is going to

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Speaker 1: set the stage for a lot of what we're gonna

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Speaker 1: talk about later. They're basically this class of slavery bandits

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Speaker 1: who push westward expansion in Brazil, kind of the cowboys

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Speaker 1: in a certain way, although the pistole Eros will get

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Speaker 1: to later or even more cowboys, and they do all

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Speaker 1: kinds of dirty tricks and ship to get away with this.

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Speaker 1: One of the things that they do is that the

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Speaker 1: Jesuits actually really interestingly have a good reputation with the

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Speaker 1: indigenous people and the Amazon at this time, because the

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Speaker 1: Jesuits are literally the only white people who aren't trying

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Speaker 1: to steal them and put them into slavery. So the

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Speaker 1: fucking flag bears would dress up as Jesuits and then

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Speaker 1: go around and rob okay, and then they actually started

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Speaker 1: raising Jesuit raiding Jesuit villages. The end up we end

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Speaker 1: up with these like warfare between the Jesuits and the

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Speaker 1: bandartez Um. Later the Jesuits go to war, and this

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Speaker 1: is at this point a lot of the Jesuits were

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Speaker 1: going to war our indigenous people themselves, right, um, go

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Speaker 1: to war against the Spanish and the Portuguese, and really

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Speaker 1: interestedly in this story way more than other stories I've read,

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Speaker 1: the Catholic Church is kind of being both good and

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Speaker 1: bad instead of usually it's just kind of on the bedside.

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Speaker 1: But the Colombo Dolls dos Palmyras happens around this time

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Speaker 1: beginning of Brazil's colonization. A columbo is a Maroon community

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Speaker 1: more or less, um, this is a place where people

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Speaker 1: escaping slavery go and live free. Usually in the US

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Speaker 1: you have mirroron communities and the swamps and stuff in

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Speaker 1: the mountains. This one was fucking huge. It lasted for generations.

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Speaker 1: It lasted a twenty four times longer than the Confederacy,

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Speaker 1: which just makes me very happy. They had a fucking

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Speaker 1: standing army. They repelled seventeen different assaults from the Portuguese

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Speaker 1: and I think the Dutch. Let's go yeah, so they

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Speaker 1: It wasn't called Columbo at the time. The word Columbo

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Speaker 1: comes later sixteen seventies the people. The word the people

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Speaker 1: use at the time was a macambo, which is an

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Speaker 1: Umbunda word for war camp. M hmm, and colombo also

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Speaker 1: means war camp actually from the same language. But oh yeah,

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Speaker 1: Now I didn't know. I didn't. I had heard of

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Speaker 1: Columbo's but um, I didn't know as an African word.

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Speaker 1: I didn't know shit about it. Portugal, I don't know,

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Speaker 1: even if I can say this sarcastically, I don't never

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Speaker 1: knew about this slavery thing prop but it's a big

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Speaker 1: and bad thing. I was. I was aware this this little,

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Speaker 1: this little Atlantic triangle year yeah and Atlantic yeah yeah, yeah.

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Speaker 1: They got off the boat before us down there down south,

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Speaker 1: yeah yep. And Portugal was was first among equals in

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Speaker 1: the slave trade. They were the slaveyest and they're the

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Speaker 1: only European power to actually participate in the rating in Africa,

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Speaker 1: I think, as far as I can tell, like on

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Speaker 1: a major level, everyone else just bought people, but the Portuguese,

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Speaker 1: We're fucking monsters. I'm trying to plut through this lighthearted thing.

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Speaker 1: But um, yeah, it's real bad. Yeah. Ye, anybody, anybody

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Speaker 1: in my sphere knows this. You know. It was first

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Speaker 1: they was there for that good, that good African salt,

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Speaker 1: and then after that they was like, how about the

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Speaker 1: people that's on the land that had assault? What about

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Speaker 1: them too? And they just started just packing foods up. Yeah. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I've seen anywhere from two point eight to five point

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Speaker 1: eight million Africans who were stolen by the Portuguese and

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Speaker 1: transported to Brazil specifically. Yeah, for chunks of time, thirty

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Speaker 1: of the population of Brazil's enslaved. It's about the same

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Speaker 1: as the US South in eighteen sixty, but in places

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Speaker 1: with more plantations. In Brazil it was upwards of sixty

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Speaker 1: percent of the people. And there's a bunch of reasons

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Speaker 1: why they had a hard time holding on to enslave people,

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Speaker 1: and one of them is Mocambo's and that's the cool reason.

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Speaker 1: The other reason is that enslaved the life expectancy of

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Speaker 1: enslaved indigenous people was nineteen years and enslaved Africans was

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Speaker 1: twenty four years in Brazil. And also complicatedly, it was

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Speaker 1: easier for people to become freed people in Brazil than

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Speaker 1: in other countries. Um, you get more stories of freed

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Speaker 1: slaves turning around and enslaving people in Brazil than you

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Speaker 1: do in other countries. But the other reason that they

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Speaker 1: had a hard time holding onto people is people got

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Speaker 1: the funk out and got into the goddamn mountains. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: in northeast Brazil and the my Dern state of alag As,

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Speaker 1: we get what's called the Colombo does Palmyras or Angola Jonga.

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Speaker 1: And because Angola was where Portugal stealing, Yeah, most of

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Speaker 1: them are from Angola. Yeah, there's something specific. This is

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Speaker 1: a side note about please, and it's like, I like,

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Speaker 1: these are the things that like are just so fascinating

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Speaker 1: to me because people from that region and you know,

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Speaker 1: specifically Angola, this Brazil, Portuguese, sort of Spain, indigenous goulash,

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Speaker 1: this is just freakishly beautiful. Like I just don't understand

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Speaker 1: why y'all are so gorgeous, Like you know, everyone right,

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Speaker 1: and uh as always Brazil makes this some of the

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Speaker 1: most beautiful people on earth. But um, but specifically, when

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Speaker 1: you start looking at a lot of the Brazilian drums,

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Speaker 1: um music, dance, you could just you if you know

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Speaker 1: African stuff, you're just like, oh, my god, Angola, Like

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Speaker 1: it's like immediate, you know what I mean, And it's

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Speaker 1: just it's it's it's it's a testament to like how

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Speaker 1: you know, even when how do I say this cut

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Speaker 1: off from a legacy and a heritage, that that magic,

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Speaker 1: you know, that somehow continues on, you know what I'm

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Speaker 1: saying that like you know, like joyous protests, you know

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Speaker 1: what I'm saying, dances, protests, like it's it's I feel

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Speaker 1: like Brazil is one of those those those places Brazili

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Speaker 1: and Columbia to like a lot of people don't really

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Speaker 1: realize how many African slaves were in Colombia. And if

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Speaker 1: you go there now, like you're like, you dode, this

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Speaker 1: looks like this looks like New Orleans, you know, I

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Speaker 1: mean there's parts of Columbia. Columbia look like New Orleans.

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Speaker 1: It's just black folks dancing and you're like, yeah, it's like,

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Speaker 1: well it's Colombia, you know, yeah, no, No, that's like

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Speaker 1: and it would've been reading about is that some of

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Speaker 1: the Macombos or some of the reason that a lot

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Speaker 1: of ship was able to be held onto because you

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Speaker 1: have like multiple generations of people who now live in

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Speaker 1: Brazil who like aren't being as forcefully cut off of things.

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Speaker 1: I mean, on a long enough timeline. I'm not trying

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Speaker 1: to paint this utopian lee right yeah, yeaheah, We're still

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Speaker 1: talking about slavery. Yeah, and people who have to escape

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Speaker 1: from it and only get away for a while or

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Speaker 1: you know, although you get people who escape and then

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Speaker 1: have free grandkids who live and die free, you know,

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Speaker 1: but then they're great grandkids are back in it. Um,

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Speaker 1: so you get Angola Jonga. In sixteen o two, the

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Speaker 1: first enslaved people start running away into the hills, and

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Speaker 1: the hills are full of palm trees, thus palmyras, and

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Speaker 1: they start setting at Mocambo's and then just fucking more

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Speaker 1: and more of them. In sixteen o five forty people

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Speaker 1: who get out I think of sugar plantation, but to

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Speaker 1: get out of slavery, go out there and set up

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Speaker 1: a village. Pretty soon there's entire towns. Then there's networks

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Speaker 1: of towns, and it just keeps going for generations. By

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Speaker 1: the mid sixteen fifties, it's a kingdom. It literally has

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Speaker 1: a king. The king is elected. It's modeled on a

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Speaker 1: kind of syncretic government. It's basically it's like not Europe

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Speaker 1: is the thing that like, you know, you're like king

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Speaker 1: and then there's just like image in people's head. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: but you get the syncretic governmental structure that borrows mostly

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Speaker 1: borrows isn't even the right words is where people are from,

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Speaker 1: but like it comes from African systems, primarily in Golan

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Speaker 1: and also I think Congo, and it also has some

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Speaker 1: European elements that has indigenous elements within it. And historians

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Speaker 1: seem to argue about all this because everyone really likes

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Speaker 1: this place. If you're not evil, you really like this place. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: And so everyone was like no, no, like that was us.

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Speaker 1: We totally did that, you know. But the leaders are

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Speaker 1: a mix of elected and appointed um in a hierarchy

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Speaker 1: that has kind of an interesting both democratic and bottom

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Speaker 1: up elements as well as autocratic top down element. The

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Speaker 1: town leaders, I believe, were elected and together they wound

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Speaker 1: up electing a king who then went in appointed family

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Speaker 1: members to like lead a whole bunch of the ship. Mhm.

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Speaker 1: There were churches there. There are a lot of churches.

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Speaker 1: A lot of them were Catholic, but they practice one

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Speaker 1: of those things that I love to talk to so much,

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Speaker 1: about that show. They called themselves Christians and then kept

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Speaker 1: on doing exactly what they were doing. Yeah, yeah, yeah Jesus,

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Speaker 1: yeah yeah, totally, yeah, totally, and then just continued entirely anyway.

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Speaker 1: So so get this one leaf, you know, mixed that

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Speaker 1: with this herb okay you know, yeah yeah, and then

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Speaker 1: pray to the following spirits not guys anymore or whatever. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and so Cuelombo Cuellombo does palmaris or Angola jonga. It's

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Speaker 1: mostly African born or Afro Brazilian folks, but there's a

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Speaker 1: ton of other people to including indigenous people, mixed race people,

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Speaker 1: and Europeans. Um. The Europeans tended to either be deserters

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Speaker 1: from conscription. Basically, people were like, no, not fighting for

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Speaker 1: the fucking Brazilians. Funck this. They run away into the mountains.

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Speaker 1: And then also women escaping abuse of husbands would run

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Speaker 1: into the mountains and go be part of the society.

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Speaker 1: Anyone with a reason to run, you just get yourself

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Speaker 1: to Angela Djonga. At its peak, there's anywhere between eleven

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Speaker 1: thousand and thirty thousand people living in eleven towns, surrounded

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Speaker 1: by innumerable small villages and homesteads and they're on decent

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Speaker 1: terms with their neighbors, including like the white settlers around them. Um,

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Speaker 1: they're just trading peacefully and ship because they just are

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Speaker 1: there and no one's able to dislodge them. They start

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Speaker 1: getting supplied gunpowder and shipped by urban merchants. I think

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Speaker 1: enslave folks who worked for the merchants. And it's first king,

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Speaker 1: or rather it's first high Lord. We're gonna go back

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Speaker 1: to Africa for a second. Yeah, you've got this woman.

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Speaker 1: Her name is aqual Tune. I cannot figure out how

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Speaker 1: to pronounce this name. I looked for a long time. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: we say yeah. I kind of feel like I had

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Speaker 1: a duty to know this and I don't know no people.

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Speaker 1: She's kind of a legend, so you know, people write

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Speaker 1: a lot of things about her like they're fact, and

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Speaker 1: those don't line up with each other. She was born

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Speaker 1: god knows when in the Kingdom of Congo. That's Congo

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Speaker 1: with a K. Yeah, like no one knows when she

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Speaker 1: was born. People roughly know when she died. Um, she's

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Speaker 1: born in Congo with a K, a kingdom that lasted

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Speaker 1: about five hundred years that includes pieces of modern day Angola,

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Speaker 1: and then the two countries, the Democratic Republic of Congo

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Speaker 1: and the Republic of Congo. H She's born there. She's

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Speaker 1: a princess. Her dad is the Many Congo, the King

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Speaker 1: of the Congo. But she doesn't like sit around in

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Speaker 1: a tower and like wait for a prince. She's not

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Speaker 1: that sort of princess. She's the military leader of Congo

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Speaker 1: as far as I can tell, because she led a

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Speaker 1: battalion of ten thousand warriors in a battle that only

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Speaker 1: had fifteen thousand warriors on her side. So she's the

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Speaker 1: military leader of the Congo. She fights the Portuguese in

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Speaker 1: a battle in sixteen sixty five called the Battle of Mullah, which,

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Speaker 1: because history is really messy, was mostly African soldiers on

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Speaker 1: both sides, with European musketeers on both sides, but it

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Speaker 1: was a battle between Congo and the Portuguese. Um she lost.

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Speaker 1: This is the biggest problem that happened. Portuguese round up

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Speaker 1: her entire fucking family, including her dad, the king, including her,

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Speaker 1: including hundreds of nobles, thousands of other folks and sold

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Speaker 1: them to sugar plantations in Brazil. Her son was with

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Speaker 1: her at the battle and at the sugar plantation. She

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Speaker 1: didn't stay put um. She and maybe her children led

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Speaker 1: a rebellion at the plantation and then got herself and

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Speaker 1: family the fuck to the micambo. Um. Yeah, and her son,

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Speaker 1: one of her sons. Um. He's mostly known to history

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Speaker 1: is Ganga Zoomba, although that name probably means great Lord. Um,

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Speaker 1: so it's likely his title. Because he becomes the great Lord.

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Speaker 1: He is elected the king of Angola Jonga and he

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Speaker 1: is a legit a king. He has a palace, he

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Speaker 1: has three wives, he has guards, he has ministers, fucking

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Speaker 1: standing army. Yeah, like when you you know, like, oh,

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Speaker 1: it's like rebels in the hills. One of them like

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Speaker 1: calls himself king, Like no, this is a fucking nation.

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Speaker 1: I don't think you get it. Yeah. Yeah, we're talking people, y'all.

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Speaker 1: Yeah yeah, at the lowest the lowest esteate yeah. Um.

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Speaker 1: And he appoints his family to all the positions, including

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Speaker 1: most importantly his nephews Zombie to the commander to be

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Speaker 1: commander of the army. More and more people start showing

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Speaker 1: up in the maroon nation. Okay, but they do this,

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Speaker 1: and I'm kind of curious your your take on this.

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Speaker 1: They get people in a mixed, mixed sort of ways.

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Speaker 1: People are running away. That's awesome people, um, and people

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Speaker 1: who escape slavery will go back to where they're from

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Speaker 1: at night and be like, yo, you gotta get away, man,

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00:19:48,440 --> 00:19:51,520
Speaker 1: it's fucking great out there. Yeah. And sometimes they would

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Speaker 1: raid plantations and free people. Sometimes they would raid plantations

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Speaker 1: and take slaves. Yeah, of course they would, but cap

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Speaker 1: But it's really interesting because captives is kind of a

340
00:20:03,280 --> 00:20:06,960
Speaker 1: better word because a goalajanga doesn't have chattel slavery, but

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Speaker 1: it has unfree people of every race. If you want

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Speaker 1: to get free, one of the ways that you can

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Speaker 1: become free is you can go on a rate and

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Speaker 1: capture someone else and have them take your place. Ah. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: well you know, you're you're it's like you're still living

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Speaker 1: in the same universe as the system that you set

347
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Speaker 1: yourself free phone totally to another planet. You're still you're

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Speaker 1: still a product of your of your time, you know,

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Speaker 1: which sucks. And it's like, you know, uh, slavery or

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Speaker 1: captivity was, Yeah, chattow slavery was the thing that was

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Speaker 1: just so new. But like we're we're they're still Africans

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Speaker 1: and indigenous and yeah, we've capturing people since the dawn

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Speaker 1: of time, you know, what I'm saying. So their their

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Speaker 1: concept of it is like, of course, it's like, well, yeah,

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Speaker 1: this is I mean, this is different. It's not. It

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Speaker 1: ain't what they're doing, Joe say it. Yeah no, And

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Speaker 1: that's such an important point. Is like one of the

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Speaker 1: things that I think that people try because we want

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Speaker 1: a cleaner version of history, right, we want to be

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Speaker 1: able to be like, all these people were good and

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Speaker 1: bad and good and oppressed, and these people are bad

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Speaker 1: oppressors and there's the Portuguese are the fucking bad ones

363
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Speaker 1: in this story. Right, But it's like, but you don't

364
00:21:20,880 --> 00:21:24,840
Speaker 1: have like the clean, perfect people who knew everything. And

365
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Speaker 1: then also everyone throughout the entire fucking world. Not every culture,

366
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Speaker 1: but most cultures practice some form of slavery and chattel

367
00:21:33,960 --> 00:21:36,800
Speaker 1: slavery really was different. And that's the thing that I

368
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Speaker 1: think that people don't want to yeah address you know,

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Speaker 1: it's too Yeah, it's the thought is too ghastly. And

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Speaker 1: because if if if you have to accept that, if

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Speaker 1: you have to say that, then you have to be

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Speaker 1: like then the domino effect of like, oh, that means

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Speaker 1: that what these people are talking about in diversity, equity

374
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Speaker 1: and inclusion is also true. Oh, man, maybe we do

375
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Speaker 1: need to talk about reparations. Maybe we do. I'm saying,

376
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Speaker 1: it's like, but if you're just like dude, it's just like, look, man,

377
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Speaker 1: this is just that, you know, it's like ancient people

378
00:22:05,600 --> 00:22:08,560
Speaker 1: have been doing this forever. It's like, no, ancient people

379
00:22:08,600 --> 00:22:12,880
Speaker 1: have not been doing that forever. Yeah, you know, yeah totally.

380
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Speaker 1: It's just actually a different thing. I can still sit

381
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Speaker 1: in judgment and be like, you know what sucks capturing

382
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Speaker 1: people and making them your slave? That sucks? Yeah, you

383
00:22:20,760 --> 00:22:23,720
Speaker 1: know what's saying? Yeah? Yeah, the ones that the part,

384
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Speaker 1: even if it is a tale as old as time,

385
00:22:27,560 --> 00:22:32,200
Speaker 1: that still sucks too. Like that, you know, I'm saying, yeah, yeah, exactly.

386
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Speaker 1: And you know what else sucks is no, wait, no,

387
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Speaker 1: you know what else is great? All the advertisers who

388
00:22:38,720 --> 00:22:45,040
Speaker 1: support the show, none of whom have ever No, I

389
00:22:45,040 --> 00:22:52,639
Speaker 1: can't even straight face, let us pray buy stuff instead

390
00:22:52,640 --> 00:22:56,120
Speaker 1: of people. How's that that? You know what? We could

391
00:22:56,119 --> 00:22:59,080
Speaker 1: go with that one? I'd rather you purchase, you don't,

392
00:22:59,080 --> 00:23:04,840
Speaker 1: I'm saying objects rather than proper nouns, you know, yeah, totally.

393
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Speaker 1: Al Right, here's some ats and we are back. So

394
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Speaker 1: it might have been our most problematic transition we've ever done,

395
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Speaker 1: and we've done a lot of good good Lord, Yeah,

396
00:23:21,440 --> 00:23:24,440
Speaker 1: that one was that was a struggle that was out there.

397
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Speaker 1: I hope that people take the context of what we're

398
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Speaker 1: saying instead of taking things out of Margaret. Text of

399
00:23:32,040 --> 00:23:37,199
Speaker 1: what we're saying, give me a trouble over here, Margaret. So,

400
00:23:38,240 --> 00:23:42,040
Speaker 1: Portugal and the Dutch are not happy about this place existence,

401
00:23:42,119 --> 00:23:45,000
Speaker 1: so they keep attacking. But the thing is that they

402
00:23:45,080 --> 00:23:49,040
Speaker 1: keep losing too, because of the Maroons. They really actually

403
00:23:49,119 --> 00:23:53,800
Speaker 1: like not being they like being free. So they and

404
00:23:53,840 --> 00:23:55,840
Speaker 1: they have spears and they have bows, and they have

405
00:23:55,920 --> 00:23:58,600
Speaker 1: some guns, and they know the mountains really fucking well

406
00:23:58,760 --> 00:24:02,200
Speaker 1: because they live there. And so they do what defeats

407
00:24:02,240 --> 00:24:05,520
Speaker 1: great powers throughout history, the guerrilla warfare, the ship out

408
00:24:05,520 --> 00:24:09,280
Speaker 1: of all the invading forces, and Zoomba himself, the Great

409
00:24:09,280 --> 00:24:11,879
Speaker 1: Lord is not afraid to throw down once again, not

410
00:24:12,000 --> 00:24:16,320
Speaker 1: a European king, Nope. During one campaign against his country

411
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Speaker 1: um in sixteen seventy six and sixteen seventy seven, he

412
00:24:20,240 --> 00:24:22,840
Speaker 1: gets wounded and a bunch of his kids and grandkids

413
00:24:22,840 --> 00:24:26,480
Speaker 1: get captured and he freaks out, so he sues for peace.

414
00:24:26,600 --> 00:24:29,920
Speaker 1: He writes the Portugal and it's like Hey, let's can

415
00:24:29,960 --> 00:24:33,840
Speaker 1: I have my family back. In sixteen seventy eight, he

416
00:24:33,840 --> 00:24:37,000
Speaker 1: sells his people out. He signs a treaty with the Portuguese,

417
00:24:37,160 --> 00:24:39,639
Speaker 1: agreeing to move everyone to the lowlands where they be

418
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Speaker 1: easier to deal with, and to return any runaway slaves.

419
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Speaker 1: I've run across two different versions of this. He either

420
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Speaker 1: promised to only let the people born free stay free,

421
00:24:49,400 --> 00:24:52,159
Speaker 1: or he was like, all the people were supposed to

422
00:24:52,160 --> 00:24:56,080
Speaker 1: stay free, but they'd stop rating and bringing more people

423
00:24:56,200 --> 00:24:59,800
Speaker 1: into freedom. Okay, so we don't know, yeah, and some

424
00:25:00,080 --> 00:25:08,000
Speaker 1: knows yeah, um, somebody knows. Yeah. Either way, this is

425
00:25:08,359 --> 00:25:12,160
Speaker 1: not seen as good by the people who elected him king.

426
00:25:12,800 --> 00:25:15,920
Speaker 1: He's in charge because they respect him, not because of like,

427
00:25:16,080 --> 00:25:20,120
Speaker 1: you know, divine right or something. So his people are like, hey,

428
00:25:20,119 --> 00:25:23,480
Speaker 1: fuck you. Um. In particular, his nephew, the commander of

429
00:25:23,480 --> 00:25:26,399
Speaker 1: the army, whose name is Zoombie not Zoomba, leads a

430
00:25:26,440 --> 00:25:30,080
Speaker 1: revolt against him, and I guess you could say this

431
00:25:30,119 --> 00:25:32,240
Speaker 1: is Brazil's first coup and it will not be the

432
00:25:32,320 --> 00:25:36,000
Speaker 1: last one. Zombie is a national hero in Brazil, and

433
00:25:36,040 --> 00:25:39,359
Speaker 1: for really fucking good reasons. He was born free in Palmyras.

434
00:25:39,440 --> 00:25:42,160
Speaker 1: He was captured as a little kid educated in slavery

435
00:25:42,200 --> 00:25:44,680
Speaker 1: at a church, and then he busted out at fifteen,

436
00:25:44,760 --> 00:25:47,320
Speaker 1: got the funk back to Palmyras. He led a revolt

437
00:25:47,320 --> 00:25:53,280
Speaker 1: against his sellout uncle and he won as for his uncle. Yeah. Yeah,

438
00:25:53,520 --> 00:25:55,680
Speaker 1: and his uncle dies of poison around this time. And

439
00:25:55,720 --> 00:25:58,359
Speaker 1: there's two two versions of this story. The most common

440
00:25:58,440 --> 00:26:01,440
Speaker 1: version is a zoombie and his crew poison him right

441
00:26:01,520 --> 00:26:03,920
Speaker 1: for being a sellout. But there's a version that I've

442
00:26:03,960 --> 00:26:06,840
Speaker 1: also heard that I like narratively, so I think it's

443
00:26:06,880 --> 00:26:08,600
Speaker 1: more likely to be true. It does not actually make

444
00:26:08,640 --> 00:26:11,920
Speaker 1: it more likely to be true, but it sounds dope

445
00:26:12,000 --> 00:26:15,440
Speaker 1: with it. Does a version were zoom but poisoned himself

446
00:26:15,640 --> 00:26:17,840
Speaker 1: because he was ashamed of what he did and he

447
00:26:17,880 --> 00:26:21,160
Speaker 1: wanted to warn his friends not to trust the Portuguese.

448
00:26:22,760 --> 00:26:27,600
Speaker 1: I like that narratively too. Yeah. I also think so

449
00:26:27,960 --> 00:26:30,919
Speaker 1: as a as a as an aside, especially about this

450
00:26:30,920 --> 00:26:35,920
Speaker 1: this um displaced in the mountains. I just think there's

451
00:26:35,920 --> 00:26:38,359
Speaker 1: an interesting thing happening here in the sense that like

452
00:26:40,000 --> 00:26:45,880
Speaker 1: the Brazilian forest and Angola are the same forest, They're

453
00:26:45,920 --> 00:26:48,000
Speaker 1: just on the other side of the Atlantic, you know

454
00:26:48,000 --> 00:26:50,760
Speaker 1: what I'm saying. So even when you think, like how

455
00:26:50,800 --> 00:26:53,600
Speaker 1: these angold and freed slaves were able to be like,

456
00:26:54,080 --> 00:26:56,200
Speaker 1: we're just gonna go live up here. It's because it's

457
00:26:56,200 --> 00:26:58,760
Speaker 1: the same as where they're from, you know, It's just

458
00:26:59,160 --> 00:27:03,040
Speaker 1: it's just how plate tectonics work. It's the same forest, right,

459
00:27:04,320 --> 00:27:06,119
Speaker 1: It's kind of dope if you think about it like that,

460
00:27:06,200 --> 00:27:08,280
Speaker 1: in the same way that like if you think about,

461
00:27:08,320 --> 00:27:14,680
Speaker 1: like the science nerd, the Appalachian Mountains and the Scottish Isles,

462
00:27:15,160 --> 00:27:17,840
Speaker 1: that they're the same mountains, you know, it's just on

463
00:27:17,880 --> 00:27:20,680
Speaker 1: the other side of the ocean. So so so when

464
00:27:20,680 --> 00:27:22,879
Speaker 1: you think about again, like I'll say that again, like,

465
00:27:22,960 --> 00:27:25,240
Speaker 1: which is part of to me, just the the beauty

466
00:27:25,280 --> 00:27:28,760
Speaker 1: of the diaspora between black and indigenous people. It's like

467
00:27:28,800 --> 00:27:31,680
Speaker 1: we've been living in the same forest, you know, it's

468
00:27:31,680 --> 00:27:34,399
Speaker 1: just on the other side of the ocean. Yeah, No,

469
00:27:34,560 --> 00:27:36,480
Speaker 1: that makes so much sense. And also like yeah, so

470
00:27:36,480 --> 00:27:39,320
Speaker 1: they're like they're in forests that they fucking basically grew

471
00:27:39,400 --> 00:27:43,800
Speaker 1: up in. Yeah, And the Portuguese are like, we know,

472
00:27:44,160 --> 00:27:46,760
Speaker 1: boats in Portugal. I don't know. I don't know, you know,

473
00:27:46,920 --> 00:27:49,000
Speaker 1: like y'ah too far north, you don't know about this

474
00:27:49,119 --> 00:27:56,000
Speaker 1: equator life. Yeah. Yeah, So Zoobie wins this revolt and

475
00:27:56,200 --> 00:28:00,280
Speaker 1: Palmyra stays free some people, not most people. They stick

476
00:28:00,359 --> 00:28:03,240
Speaker 1: to the sign treaty. They decided safer and they moved

477
00:28:03,240 --> 00:28:06,040
Speaker 1: down to the low Lens. And this is gonna shock

478
00:28:06,080 --> 00:28:12,040
Speaker 1: you what happened. The Portuguese didn't stick to their treaty. Wait,

479
00:28:12,080 --> 00:28:16,280
Speaker 1: I'm sorry what? Yeah? No, you think that Western civilization,

480
00:28:16,320 --> 00:28:19,399
Speaker 1: if there's one thing that's good at its keeping promises.

481
00:28:21,280 --> 00:28:25,040
Speaker 1: It sounds like you said, they didn't keep their word. Yeah. Yeah,

482
00:28:25,040 --> 00:28:29,280
Speaker 1: I think this is the only time in history it's

483
00:28:29,320 --> 00:28:34,000
Speaker 1: gotta be man because you know. Yeah, so the countries

484
00:28:34,040 --> 00:28:36,840
Speaker 1: are the people who decided to trust the Portuguese get

485
00:28:36,880 --> 00:28:39,680
Speaker 1: captured back into slave horse. The people who stick with

486
00:28:39,720 --> 00:28:42,360
Speaker 1: the rebel zoom bie, they get to keep their place

487
00:28:42,400 --> 00:28:47,360
Speaker 1: for fifteen more years because it takes fifteen more years

488
00:28:47,720 --> 00:28:52,680
Speaker 1: before eventually and there's like constant attacks that whole time,

489
00:28:52,720 --> 00:28:56,920
Speaker 1: and they keep fighting them off. January nineteen sorry not

490
00:28:57,040 --> 00:29:03,440
Speaker 1: nineteen sixty four, was like wow, that sounds like four

491
00:29:03,560 --> 00:29:07,440
Speaker 1: hundred and sixteen years. Yeah, just bad at mac you know. Yeah.

492
00:29:09,120 --> 00:29:13,320
Speaker 1: So in the Portuguese finally wipe out the Columbo does

493
00:29:13,360 --> 00:29:18,160
Speaker 1: pomaras Um and they were set because again this is

494
00:29:18,200 --> 00:29:21,440
Speaker 1: moral complexity. Week they were wiped out by a Portuguese

495
00:29:21,480 --> 00:29:24,360
Speaker 1: lead army of indigenous people. Brazil has a really long

496
00:29:24,400 --> 00:29:26,959
Speaker 1: history of using indigenous people against each other and against

497
00:29:26,960 --> 00:29:33,200
Speaker 1: Maroons like every other colonial Yeah, this community lasted almost

498
00:29:33,240 --> 00:29:36,360
Speaker 1: a hundred years. It's the longest lasting rebel society I've

499
00:29:36,440 --> 00:29:39,640
Speaker 1: run across so far. In this show, once again, always

500
00:29:39,640 --> 00:29:44,000
Speaker 1: fun to remind people that the Confederacy lasted four fucking years. Uh,

501
00:29:44,200 --> 00:29:51,240
Speaker 1: Nirvana lasted longer. Yeah, exactly. Yeah, the band Nirvana lasted

502
00:29:51,320 --> 00:29:54,160
Speaker 1: longer than uh. Yeah, to go around replace all the

503
00:29:54,160 --> 00:29:56,280
Speaker 1: flags of what was there, things like some like weird

504
00:29:56,320 --> 00:30:01,760
Speaker 1: happy face or something that face. Yeah. It took eighteen

505
00:30:01,800 --> 00:30:06,160
Speaker 1: attempts by the colonizers over this almost hundred year period. Uh,

506
00:30:06,200 --> 00:30:09,000
Speaker 1: and even against artillery. The main town held out for

507
00:30:09,000 --> 00:30:12,440
Speaker 1: forty two days before it fell. When it fell, two

508
00:30:12,840 --> 00:30:14,840
Speaker 1: people in the main town killed themselves. Rather than be

509
00:30:14,880 --> 00:30:18,360
Speaker 1: returned to slavery. Zoombie went on the run, but he

510
00:30:18,440 --> 00:30:20,960
Speaker 1: was caught and beheaded, and his head was paraded around

511
00:30:20,960 --> 00:30:23,120
Speaker 1: on a pike because at that point he was seen

512
00:30:23,160 --> 00:30:26,680
Speaker 1: as a demigod and invincible, and so they wanted to

513
00:30:26,720 --> 00:30:33,880
Speaker 1: prove that he was vincible. He was vincible, Yeah, vinced yeah,

514
00:30:33,880 --> 00:30:39,360
Speaker 1: thank you, he could get vinced. Yeah, it was like

515
00:30:39,360 --> 00:30:40,719
Speaker 1: one of the most he is one of the coolest

516
00:30:40,720 --> 00:30:44,560
Speaker 1: people I've ever read about in history. Um, and this

517
00:30:44,640 --> 00:30:46,840
Speaker 1: is only the largest of the Quilumbos. There are a

518
00:30:46,840 --> 00:30:49,280
Speaker 1: ton more, enough that they have two different fucking words

519
00:30:49,320 --> 00:30:52,600
Speaker 1: for it, you know, across the entire country and across

520
00:30:52,600 --> 00:30:55,640
Speaker 1: the entire New World, because people worked really fucking hard

521
00:30:55,680 --> 00:31:01,560
Speaker 1: to be free and white history doesn't like admitting that

522
00:31:01,560 --> 00:31:04,400
Speaker 1: that was the cooler kind of rebel around Brazil at

523
00:31:04,440 --> 00:31:06,960
Speaker 1: this time. You're also the boring kind of rebel, the

524
00:31:07,280 --> 00:31:09,560
Speaker 1: rich white Brazilians who wanted to be free from Brazil

525
00:31:09,640 --> 00:31:12,960
Speaker 1: to keep having their colonial venture like the US. Did

526
00:31:13,200 --> 00:31:15,640
Speaker 1: you know, yeah, um, in fact, they were inspired by

527
00:31:15,640 --> 00:31:17,920
Speaker 1: the U. S Revolution. Yeah. I was gonna say, there's

528
00:31:17,960 --> 00:31:21,680
Speaker 1: a good number of Confederates that left America to go

529
00:31:21,760 --> 00:31:25,240
Speaker 1: to Brazil to continue that the the Oh yeah, that

530
00:31:25,280 --> 00:31:28,440
Speaker 1: makes sense, the experience or the experiment with the Confederacy

531
00:31:28,480 --> 00:31:31,120
Speaker 1: because they felt like America lost its way, but we

532
00:31:31,120 --> 00:31:33,680
Speaker 1: could we could keep it going down here. Okay, no,

533
00:31:33,760 --> 00:31:36,240
Speaker 1: in this case, I'm talking about the Revolutionary War. But

534
00:31:36,240 --> 00:31:40,120
Speaker 1: but that makes sense. A confederate like also doing that. Um,

535
00:31:40,280 --> 00:31:42,440
Speaker 1: now I I find the U s Revolution to be

536
00:31:42,480 --> 00:31:44,800
Speaker 1: this like thing that seems like on the surface, like

537
00:31:44,840 --> 00:31:47,800
Speaker 1: really cool, but it's actually just cementing a colonial relationship,

538
00:31:47,960 --> 00:31:50,960
Speaker 1: like kind of a lateral move um from my point

539
00:31:50,960 --> 00:31:54,640
Speaker 1: of view. But so, and that's what happens in the end.

540
00:31:54,680 --> 00:32:00,360
Speaker 1: In Brazil, these less interesting revolutionaries create the Hire of

541
00:32:00,400 --> 00:32:03,280
Speaker 1: Brazil in eighteen eighty nine, they have a coup and

542
00:32:03,320 --> 00:32:07,040
Speaker 1: become a republic, and they're still settler colonial state. They

543
00:32:07,040 --> 00:32:09,640
Speaker 1: go from a sugar plantation economy to a mining economy

544
00:32:09,640 --> 00:32:13,680
Speaker 1: to a cattle ranching economy. Always slave labor um. Cattle

545
00:32:13,720 --> 00:32:16,320
Speaker 1: ranching is gonna come up a whole bunch in today's story.

546
00:32:16,560 --> 00:32:18,600
Speaker 1: They were the last country in the Western world to

547
00:32:18,640 --> 00:32:21,400
Speaker 1: abolish slavery. Oh, this makes sense of the Confederacy ship, right.

548
00:32:21,680 --> 00:32:25,800
Speaker 1: It wasn't until eight that they finally get of slavery legally.

549
00:32:27,240 --> 00:32:30,000
Speaker 1: One of the reasons that rich people suddenly decided that

550
00:32:30,040 --> 00:32:32,760
Speaker 1: they cared about slavery at the end of the nineteenth

551
00:32:32,800 --> 00:32:37,960
Speaker 1: century is that the economy was shifting away from um

552
00:32:38,080 --> 00:32:43,280
Speaker 1: from enslaved people to underpaid immigrant labor. Yeah, specifically because

553
00:32:43,280 --> 00:32:46,400
Speaker 1: it was cheaper and a million Italians came over and

554
00:32:46,440 --> 00:32:49,040
Speaker 1: got treated so badly as wage workers that Italy for

555
00:32:49,080 --> 00:32:56,440
Speaker 1: a while bandits people from going to Brazil. Wow. But yeah, yeah,

556
00:32:56,680 --> 00:32:59,320
Speaker 1: I only just like, you know, slavery is just so messy.

557
00:32:59,360 --> 00:33:02,160
Speaker 1: It's just got a lot of baggage, you know. I

558
00:33:02,240 --> 00:33:03,920
Speaker 1: just want to be able to do all this stuff

559
00:33:04,000 --> 00:33:06,800
Speaker 1: without all the baggage. You don't have to pay health

560
00:33:06,840 --> 00:33:09,080
Speaker 1: insurance for, you know, like you don't have to you

561
00:33:09,120 --> 00:33:12,680
Speaker 1: don't have to keep a wage worker alive. Yeah, like

562
00:33:12,720 --> 00:33:16,200
Speaker 1: the slaves, actually they have to live here. Yeah, I

563
00:33:16,200 --> 00:33:23,760
Speaker 1: don't live here. Yeah. Yeah. Along the way from forward

564
00:33:23,760 --> 00:33:26,640
Speaker 1: from there, Brazil goes through a fucking thousand twists and turns,

565
00:33:26,680 --> 00:33:30,959
Speaker 1: including indigenous people leading the war, a war against the Jesuit,

566
00:33:31,000 --> 00:33:34,200
Speaker 1: indigenous people waiting a war against the combined forces of

567
00:33:34,200 --> 00:33:37,280
Speaker 1: the Spanish and Portuguese in seventeen fifty nine, and this

568
00:33:37,520 --> 00:33:41,920
Speaker 1: Christian mystic Antonio Concierro. Uh, this herodic guy who wandered

569
00:33:41,920 --> 00:33:45,120
Speaker 1: around basically preaching Christian communism but not under that name.

570
00:33:45,560 --> 00:33:51,160
Speaker 1: And the abolitionus slavery yeah he uh. Some of the underpinnings,

571
00:33:51,240 --> 00:33:54,440
Speaker 1: like theological underpinnings, not sometimes it's a little bit indirect,

572
00:33:54,480 --> 00:33:58,920
Speaker 1: but like of sort of like black liberation theology and

573
00:33:59,320 --> 00:34:02,360
Speaker 1: um sort of just the left leaning like uh, faith

574
00:34:02,400 --> 00:34:04,120
Speaker 1: of people of color in America, like a lot of

575
00:34:04,120 --> 00:34:08,440
Speaker 1: that actually came from Brazil and some of the thinkers

576
00:34:08,440 --> 00:34:11,200
Speaker 1: down there. I believe he was like one of the

577
00:34:11,239 --> 00:34:13,560
Speaker 1: one of them, one of the dudes. Yeah, no, that

578
00:34:13,600 --> 00:34:15,319
Speaker 1: makes sense because a lot of the a lot of

579
00:34:15,480 --> 00:34:18,000
Speaker 1: liberation theology is going to keep coming up in this episode.

580
00:34:18,040 --> 00:34:20,719
Speaker 1: And and the church was like trying to shut this

581
00:34:20,880 --> 00:34:23,040
Speaker 1: guy up. They were like, no, you can't preach anymore,

582
00:34:23,160 --> 00:34:25,759
Speaker 1: like you know, like everywhere he would go. And to

583
00:34:25,920 --> 00:34:31,000
Speaker 1: quote historian Carlos m Rama, in hardly five years after

584
00:34:31,000 --> 00:34:34,080
Speaker 1: the abolition of slavery, Antonio Concierro and a group of

585
00:34:34,120 --> 00:34:38,000
Speaker 1: peasants occupied the abandoned Canudos Haciendo and they're established a

586
00:34:38,000 --> 00:34:40,880
Speaker 1: community of workers based to some degree on self management

587
00:34:41,160 --> 00:34:43,440
Speaker 1: beyond the exploitation of landowners and the laws of the

588
00:34:43,440 --> 00:34:46,480
Speaker 1: Republican state. The swift arrival of a large number of

589
00:34:46,480 --> 00:34:49,680
Speaker 1: slaves left of that work or means of livelihood by

590
00:34:49,680 --> 00:34:52,920
Speaker 1: manumission is no surprise, nor is the fact that in

591
00:34:52,960 --> 00:34:56,560
Speaker 1: the in the few months the community number twenty five thousand,

592
00:34:56,920 --> 00:35:00,600
Speaker 1: all dedicated to agricultural and livestock work. The community was

593
00:35:00,640 --> 00:35:04,239
Speaker 1: founded as you cleared, as d Kaana says, in the

594
00:35:04,280 --> 00:35:07,560
Speaker 1: appropriation of homes and their furnishings, in the absolute community

595
00:35:07,560 --> 00:35:10,840
Speaker 1: of the land, pastors, flocks, and herds and all farm products.

596
00:35:11,239 --> 00:35:14,640
Speaker 1: Concierro promoted a strain of Christian communism, fought against the

597
00:35:14,640 --> 00:35:17,839
Speaker 1: consumption of alcohol as much as against clerical influence, did

598
00:35:17,880 --> 00:35:21,120
Speaker 1: not recognize the state or any constitutional authorities, refused to

599
00:35:21,120 --> 00:35:24,360
Speaker 1: pay taxes, held no respect for the military, permitted divorce

600
00:35:24,400 --> 00:35:28,560
Speaker 1: and free love, and above all abolished private property. And

601
00:35:28,680 --> 00:35:34,120
Speaker 1: there's no prison. But there's no prison though, Yeah, I

602
00:35:34,120 --> 00:35:37,120
Speaker 1: mean they kick you out if you sunk up. And

603
00:35:37,160 --> 00:35:39,440
Speaker 1: I have no idea whether it's like it's one of

604
00:35:39,440 --> 00:35:41,720
Speaker 1: these things where like this sounds fucking awesome or shitty

605
00:35:41,719 --> 00:35:45,000
Speaker 1: and culty or maybe both. Yeah, that's that's what I'm like.

606
00:35:45,000 --> 00:35:46,719
Speaker 1: I feel like that's what we're getting at here like that.

607
00:35:46,880 --> 00:35:48,799
Speaker 1: You know, it's a little a little complicated because a

608
00:35:48,800 --> 00:35:50,279
Speaker 1: lot of stuff's dope, and a lot of stuff is

609
00:35:50,320 --> 00:35:56,560
Speaker 1: like yo, yeah, yeah, a lot of people like people

610
00:35:56,680 --> 00:36:01,759
Speaker 1: let people have a beer after work, relaxed. Yeah. It

611
00:36:01,800 --> 00:36:06,200
Speaker 1: took four military attempts to shut this basically commune down.

612
00:36:06,840 --> 00:36:10,080
Speaker 1: The first three failed, leaving five thousand dead on which

613
00:36:10,080 --> 00:36:12,040
Speaker 1: side I don't know. I'm really annoyed because this is

614
00:36:12,239 --> 00:36:13,920
Speaker 1: since this is like a side note, I only have

615
00:36:14,000 --> 00:36:16,600
Speaker 1: like one source on this, you know, I didn't The

616
00:36:16,680 --> 00:36:19,520
Speaker 1: fourth attempt annihilated it, like literally they went in and

617
00:36:19,600 --> 00:36:22,600
Speaker 1: killed half the people living there. Whack. But what I'm

618
00:36:22,640 --> 00:36:26,239
Speaker 1: saying is Brazil is a fucking interesting place. Lots of

619
00:36:26,280 --> 00:36:28,560
Speaker 1: people wanted to be independent for a lot of reasons,

620
00:36:28,960 --> 00:36:31,520
Speaker 1: and the church and the left intersect time and time again,

621
00:36:31,560 --> 00:36:34,640
Speaker 1: which will tie into our main story. Proper, was something

622
00:36:34,680 --> 00:36:39,720
Speaker 1: really good we should be sponsored by. I'm pushing for turnal.

623
00:36:40,880 --> 00:36:44,680
Speaker 1: If if we were sponsored by some sort of like

624
00:36:46,480 --> 00:36:52,160
Speaker 1: soul food restaurant, or like some sort of like ramen spot,

625
00:36:52,200 --> 00:36:58,240
Speaker 1: like a local like community of like of like local

626
00:36:58,400 --> 00:37:02,719
Speaker 1: like mom and pop restaurants, may because that means we personally,

627
00:37:02,880 --> 00:37:07,520
Speaker 1: as the voices in the show, could walk in and

628
00:37:07,600 --> 00:37:12,040
Speaker 1: benefit from this, you know that that would be hard

629
00:37:12,160 --> 00:37:14,799
Speaker 1: or some sort of like cannabis dispensary spot, Like if

630
00:37:14,800 --> 00:37:17,600
Speaker 1: we were sponsored by one of those and we just

631
00:37:17,640 --> 00:37:21,040
Speaker 1: have like a promo code joint, that actually would be

632
00:37:21,080 --> 00:37:25,680
Speaker 1: really cool. Yeah, promo code joint pun attended bars. I

633
00:37:25,719 --> 00:37:29,239
Speaker 1: want to delivery. I want a Ramen delivery service to do.

634
00:37:29,440 --> 00:37:32,080
Speaker 1: Could you imagine if we're sponsored by like a Ramen

635
00:37:32,160 --> 00:37:35,040
Speaker 1: delivery thing and we could be like, hey, they and

636
00:37:35,160 --> 00:37:38,640
Speaker 1: they gave us like seven free things, so that like

637
00:37:38,719 --> 00:37:41,239
Speaker 1: we could be slurping it right now, and I would

638
00:37:41,239 --> 00:37:44,480
Speaker 1: start voicing ads. If if you are a local Ramen place,

639
00:37:44,600 --> 00:37:49,160
Speaker 1: especially if you're a worker's co op, voice ads, yeah,

640
00:37:49,440 --> 00:37:52,319
Speaker 1: voice the hell out of him ads. And here's some

641
00:37:52,400 --> 00:37:59,760
Speaker 1: other ads. And we are back. We're talking about Brazil

642
00:38:00,000 --> 00:38:04,440
Speaker 1: and we're getting up towards the nineteenth century. The I

643
00:38:04,440 --> 00:38:06,400
Speaker 1: started doing this thing where now I just like provide

644
00:38:06,440 --> 00:38:08,919
Speaker 1: context for pretty much the first half of the week.

645
00:38:09,000 --> 00:38:12,680
Speaker 1: But I think it's I think it helps because I

646
00:38:12,719 --> 00:38:15,520
Speaker 1: think that like dropping in and suddenly being like, wait,

647
00:38:15,560 --> 00:38:19,160
Speaker 1: why is the church on the side of the workers,

648
00:38:19,400 --> 00:38:22,919
Speaker 1: you know? Or you know no, That's what's so hard

649
00:38:22,920 --> 00:38:25,680
Speaker 1: about history and like and also what I love about

650
00:38:25,719 --> 00:38:28,840
Speaker 1: teaching it because it's like every context has a context.

651
00:38:29,800 --> 00:38:32,120
Speaker 1: Where do you start the story? You know? And it's

652
00:38:32,160 --> 00:38:35,640
Speaker 1: all interesting if you like really are like just interested

653
00:38:35,640 --> 00:38:38,919
Speaker 1: in the human experience, Like it's all dope, it's all

654
00:38:39,000 --> 00:38:40,920
Speaker 1: like yeah, so I love it. I love that you

655
00:38:40,960 --> 00:38:42,880
Speaker 1: went all the way back to the Stone Age to

656
00:38:42,960 --> 00:38:46,000
Speaker 1: explain that's about to happen in in the nineteen hunt.

657
00:38:46,080 --> 00:38:50,920
Speaker 1: It's yeah, I appreciate that. So the the early twentieth

658
00:38:50,960 --> 00:38:53,680
Speaker 1: century is rocky as funck. There's rebellions from all sides.

659
00:38:54,360 --> 00:38:57,480
Speaker 1: The beginning of the twentieth century, the left is overwhelmingly

660
00:38:57,480 --> 00:39:01,160
Speaker 1: anarchist because they just imported a million fucking Italis Um.

661
00:39:01,600 --> 00:39:05,759
Speaker 1: Then after the revolution, communism takes center stage. Brazil gets

662
00:39:05,760 --> 00:39:08,960
Speaker 1: a dictator, not a communist dictator, named Vargus in nineteen

663
00:39:09,000 --> 00:39:12,759
Speaker 1: thirty and three different groups trying to overthrow him. The

664
00:39:13,640 --> 00:39:16,239
Speaker 1: constitutionalists trying to bring back the republic I think, the

665
00:39:16,280 --> 00:39:19,279
Speaker 1: communists and the fascists all try to drive him out

666
00:39:19,360 --> 00:39:22,480
Speaker 1: and they all fail, until finally there's another coup, this

667
00:39:22,600 --> 00:39:25,279
Speaker 1: time for democracy gets him out in nineteen forty five

668
00:39:25,719 --> 00:39:29,640
Speaker 1: because ship's messy. He then wins an election in nineteen fifty,

669
00:39:29,719 --> 00:39:34,440
Speaker 1: gets back into power, and then kills himself in nineteen fifty. Yeah,

670
00:39:34,680 --> 00:39:38,320
Speaker 1: they get another dictatorship in nineteen sixty eight, democracies restored

671
00:39:38,320 --> 00:39:43,440
Speaker 1: in ninety five. That is the bigger broad strokes twentieth century,

672
00:39:43,560 --> 00:39:47,360
Speaker 1: um Brazil. But let's talk about the fucking Amazon rainforest.

673
00:39:49,040 --> 00:39:51,719
Speaker 1: When you talk about the Amazon rainforest, you sound like

674
00:39:51,719 --> 00:39:56,120
Speaker 1: you're lying. You get stats like we've only identified one

675
00:39:56,160 --> 00:40:00,720
Speaker 1: percent of the species here, or while the most that temperate,

676
00:40:01,080 --> 00:40:05,319
Speaker 1: Yeah yeah, exactly, like the most diverse. Just let's just

677
00:40:05,360 --> 00:40:10,680
Speaker 1: start there. Yeah, yeah, did you ever get do you

678
00:40:10,680 --> 00:40:12,920
Speaker 1: ever just get fucking sad thinking about the fact that

679
00:40:13,760 --> 00:40:15,960
Speaker 1: it's like the undersea creatures that we don't even know

680
00:40:16,000 --> 00:40:20,640
Speaker 1: what are, but we've already made extinct, Like it fucks

681
00:40:20,680 --> 00:40:26,960
Speaker 1: me up that we're making it. Yeah, that like and

682
00:40:27,239 --> 00:40:31,040
Speaker 1: you know, self plug here absolutely shameless. Like the first

683
00:40:31,120 --> 00:40:33,719
Speaker 1: lyric I say is before y'all could cut it all down,

684
00:40:33,800 --> 00:40:37,799
Speaker 1: y'all even explore it, you know, before you understood what

685
00:40:37,840 --> 00:40:40,480
Speaker 1: it could do, y'all just destroyed it. And I'm like

686
00:40:40,800 --> 00:40:43,600
Speaker 1: the idea that like you're trying to colonize Mars but

687
00:40:43,680 --> 00:40:47,600
Speaker 1: still don't know the forest is like you know, Mohamie

688
00:40:47,600 --> 00:40:49,520
Speaker 1: has this saying where he's like, man, you could spell,

689
00:40:49,600 --> 00:40:51,640
Speaker 1: but you don't know your A, B C s. Where

690
00:40:51,640 --> 00:40:56,040
Speaker 1: it's like you're so smart, but you're so dumb, you know,

691
00:40:56,480 --> 00:40:58,640
Speaker 1: And I feel like that's that like you said, like

692
00:40:58,680 --> 00:41:01,520
Speaker 1: there's one percent because we could still And what's crazy,

693
00:41:01,520 --> 00:41:04,520
Speaker 1: It's like, that's just us. But those who have lived

694
00:41:05,480 --> 00:41:09,120
Speaker 1: in the Amazon for centuries are like, I know exactly

695
00:41:09,120 --> 00:41:11,520
Speaker 1: what that frog is. I've been seeing it. You know

696
00:41:11,520 --> 00:41:12,960
Speaker 1: what I'm saying. It's just y'all, I don't know what

697
00:41:13,000 --> 00:41:15,719
Speaker 1: it is. No, I'm calling it a frog because that's

698
00:41:15,760 --> 00:41:18,080
Speaker 1: the closest you would understand of what that is. But

699
00:41:18,719 --> 00:41:21,319
Speaker 1: we got a name for it, you know what I'm saying,

700
00:41:21,360 --> 00:41:26,760
Speaker 1: We've had for centuries. Yeah, yeah, no, it's I fucking

701
00:41:27,120 --> 00:41:32,799
Speaker 1: it breaks it breaks my heart. Yeah. So, the most

702
00:41:32,840 --> 00:41:37,200
Speaker 1: diverse temperate forests in the world is Appalachia as species

703
00:41:37,200 --> 00:41:40,399
Speaker 1: of trees, whereas a random two point five acre chunk

704
00:41:40,440 --> 00:41:42,800
Speaker 1: of the Amazon has more than four hundred species. Is

705
00:41:42,840 --> 00:41:45,279
Speaker 1: another fucking stat I found. Some of these stats are

706
00:41:45,280 --> 00:41:46,840
Speaker 1: from the late eighties, because most of the books I

707
00:41:46,920 --> 00:41:50,480
Speaker 1: was reading about this from the late eighties really nineties. Uh.

708
00:41:50,520 --> 00:41:53,680
Speaker 1: When it floods, fish swim through the canopy and eat

709
00:41:53,760 --> 00:41:57,480
Speaker 1: the fruit from the trees, just from the top of

710
00:41:57,520 --> 00:42:02,920
Speaker 1: the trees. Yeah. So yeah, I can't even picture it.

711
00:42:02,960 --> 00:42:08,160
Speaker 1: I can't even sucking. Two of the world's surface area

712
00:42:08,880 --> 00:42:12,600
Speaker 1: of all bird species Amazon rainforest is three quarters the

713
00:42:12,640 --> 00:42:16,560
Speaker 1: size of the continental US. I read pieces where they

714
00:42:16,560 --> 00:42:18,960
Speaker 1: talk about some cutting that happened over a couple of years,

715
00:42:18,960 --> 00:42:22,399
Speaker 1: some burning, and they'll be like, it's to California's worth

716
00:42:22,440 --> 00:42:32,799
Speaker 1: of burning. That's like psycho Yeah, yeah, absolutely, And so

717
00:42:33,560 --> 00:42:35,399
Speaker 1: I'm gonna the other part for me, And the other

718
00:42:35,440 --> 00:42:41,400
Speaker 1: part for me is I'm like, y'all people live there, Yeah,

719
00:42:41,640 --> 00:42:43,479
Speaker 1: Like I just like when you think about the fact

720
00:42:43,480 --> 00:42:46,000
Speaker 1: that you think and you just like, we talk about

721
00:42:46,040 --> 00:42:51,040
Speaker 1: this forest as if it's like it's this uncharted, you know,

722
00:42:51,520 --> 00:42:56,560
Speaker 1: raw earth, in which it is, but also you talk

723
00:42:56,600 --> 00:43:00,719
Speaker 1: about a swap the size of three Californias. People live there. Yeah,

724
00:43:01,120 --> 00:43:02,880
Speaker 1: Like you just like, what do you like? Y'all acted

725
00:43:02,920 --> 00:43:06,680
Speaker 1: like y'all y'all act like nobody there, Yeah, yeah, no,

726
00:43:06,800 --> 00:43:09,319
Speaker 1: and then they do a lot of murdering um of

727
00:43:10,000 --> 00:43:14,800
Speaker 1: everyone they run across. And yeah. It's also like places

728
00:43:14,840 --> 00:43:17,960
Speaker 1: where you have, like, you know, groups of people who

729
00:43:18,000 --> 00:43:21,160
Speaker 1: didn't contact the outside world or didn't contact the Western

730
00:43:21,239 --> 00:43:27,360
Speaker 1: world until the fucking like nineteen sixties and ship you know. Yeah,

731
00:43:27,600 --> 00:43:29,879
Speaker 1: And so I'm going to assume that the listener comes

732
00:43:29,920 --> 00:43:34,920
Speaker 1: in understanding that the rainforest matters, whether from biodiversity or

733
00:43:34,960 --> 00:43:37,560
Speaker 1: carbon capture, or just you shouldn't go around and steal

734
00:43:37,640 --> 00:43:41,719
Speaker 1: people like fucking land. You know, do you know how

735
00:43:41,719 --> 00:43:44,360
Speaker 1: it got its name? I only learned this while researching this.

736
00:43:45,200 --> 00:43:49,440
Speaker 1: Talk to him. So, some of the early colonial explorers,

737
00:43:49,600 --> 00:43:52,960
Speaker 1: they got in a fight with the Tupaia people, and

738
00:43:53,000 --> 00:43:56,480
Speaker 1: women were leading the warriors into battle, so they named

739
00:43:56,520 --> 00:43:59,360
Speaker 1: them the Amazons, from the Greek word for like the

740
00:43:59,400 --> 00:44:03,360
Speaker 1: semi myth of women warriors, the Amazons. And what's funny

741
00:44:03,360 --> 00:44:04,960
Speaker 1: about it, it's like all these layers to it from

742
00:44:04,960 --> 00:44:06,920
Speaker 1: my point of view, because the Greeks believe that the

743
00:44:06,920 --> 00:44:10,040
Speaker 1: Amazons were real, and then historians later were like, no,

744
00:44:10,320 --> 00:44:12,680
Speaker 1: it was just like some Greek myths ship and then

745
00:44:12,719 --> 00:44:15,680
Speaker 1: like eventually people are like, yeah, no, like a lot

746
00:44:15,719 --> 00:44:17,480
Speaker 1: of the step people who came in and like just

747
00:44:17,600 --> 00:44:19,960
Speaker 1: murdered the ship. Out of all of the fucking great

748
00:44:20,000 --> 00:44:24,720
Speaker 1: civilizations like Greece had women warriors and women war queens,

749
00:44:24,760 --> 00:44:29,120
Speaker 1: and you know, yeah, yeah, yeah, exactly, the Amazons were real.

750
00:44:29,680 --> 00:44:33,120
Speaker 1: They are also real among these people. The whole thing

751
00:44:33,120 --> 00:44:36,800
Speaker 1: about like amazon and meaning without breast is not true.

752
00:44:36,880 --> 00:44:40,120
Speaker 1: That comes later. It probably comes from the Iranian word

753
00:44:40,160 --> 00:44:44,600
Speaker 1: for warrior and I really like the Amazons, the Greek

754
00:44:44,600 --> 00:44:47,200
Speaker 1: Ones and the rainforest, and I'm really annoyed that one

755
00:44:47,200 --> 00:44:49,160
Speaker 1: of the world's richest men has made his fortune off

756
00:44:49,200 --> 00:44:53,239
Speaker 1: of this word for like strong women Amazon. Yeah, the

757
00:44:53,280 --> 00:44:56,640
Speaker 1: word jungle. I know, I'm not I'm I've actually been

758
00:44:56,640 --> 00:44:59,640
Speaker 1: on the entomology kick. The word jungle is from some

759
00:44:59,680 --> 00:45:05,160
Speaker 1: Brita colonial bullshit. Really, when Britain was like fucking over India.

760
00:45:05,920 --> 00:45:08,440
Speaker 1: There's this Hindi word for waste land that sounds kind

761
00:45:08,480 --> 00:45:13,200
Speaker 1: of like jungle, Like like a dry, barren, arid area,

762
00:45:13,760 --> 00:45:17,040
Speaker 1: a useless area, a place that civilization is not. Is

763
00:45:17,040 --> 00:45:21,400
Speaker 1: what the British decided is a jungle? Oh wow? Not

764
00:45:21,520 --> 00:45:23,879
Speaker 1: like a place where all our medicine comes from, right,

765
00:45:23,960 --> 00:45:26,920
Speaker 1: like our medicine cabinet. Like you know what I'm saying

766
00:45:26,960 --> 00:45:32,720
Speaker 1: is really what this is? Yeah? Yeah. So the Amazon,

767
00:45:33,400 --> 00:45:36,520
Speaker 1: besides the concisestadors and the slave raids and the missionaries

768
00:45:36,520 --> 00:45:39,560
Speaker 1: in some trade, has been sort of left alone by Brazil.

769
00:45:39,760 --> 00:45:43,080
Speaker 1: It's the non conquered area and a lot of ways

770
00:45:43,480 --> 00:45:48,760
Speaker 1: until rubber colonists had been harvesting or trading for rubber

771
00:45:48,800 --> 00:45:51,640
Speaker 1: for a couple hundred years already, but natural rubber kind

772
00:45:51,640 --> 00:45:53,600
Speaker 1: of sucks. It gets sticky in the heat, it gets

773
00:45:53,640 --> 00:45:57,560
Speaker 1: brittle in the cold. In eighteen thirty nine, Charles Goodyear,

774
00:45:57,680 --> 00:46:01,320
Speaker 1: the man named after a blimp, uh, mixed that ship

775
00:46:01,320 --> 00:46:05,400
Speaker 1: with sulfur. He got vulcanized rubber. He didn't actually he

776
00:46:05,440 --> 00:46:08,200
Speaker 1: wasn't actually very good at this. He didn't really he

777
00:46:08,280 --> 00:46:10,120
Speaker 1: kind of figured it out, but then he died broke

778
00:46:10,120 --> 00:46:12,640
Speaker 1: because he never really figured it out. A couple of

779
00:46:12,719 --> 00:46:15,359
Speaker 1: years later, another guy figured out how to do it

780
00:46:15,440 --> 00:46:18,719
Speaker 1: at actual scales, names Hancock, and no one from history

781
00:46:18,760 --> 00:46:20,759
Speaker 1: remembers him, even though he got fucking rich off of it.

782
00:46:21,360 --> 00:46:26,000
Speaker 1: Um And the Industrial Revolution needs rubber for tires and

783
00:46:26,080 --> 00:46:29,120
Speaker 1: conveyor belts and aracers, which is the word really on

784
00:46:29,200 --> 00:46:31,239
Speaker 1: amology kicks today. I don't know why where the word

785
00:46:31,320 --> 00:46:35,320
Speaker 1: rubber comes from is from the fucking pencil eraser like

786
00:46:35,840 --> 00:46:42,200
Speaker 1: being yeah, the British rubber. Oh wow, okay, yeah, I

787
00:46:42,280 --> 00:46:46,520
Speaker 1: know that was my like. And they're making shoe soles

788
00:46:46,600 --> 00:46:51,040
Speaker 1: and fucking everything electrical installation. Within ten years of course,

789
00:46:51,040 --> 00:46:53,359
Speaker 1: they're making condoms out of it, I was gonna say

790
00:46:53,440 --> 00:46:59,239
Speaker 1: in latex. Yeah, and rubbers. Um. So the rainforest is

791
00:46:59,280 --> 00:47:03,920
Speaker 1: suddenly popular with these tiny towns supporting rubber extraction. And

792
00:47:03,960 --> 00:47:06,239
Speaker 1: this will shock you. The people who do this are

793
00:47:06,280 --> 00:47:11,439
Speaker 1: exploited by their bosses. Yeah, I know, the people who

794
00:47:12,000 --> 00:47:16,120
Speaker 1: are out at the edges of civilization are being exploited

795
00:47:16,120 --> 00:47:21,160
Speaker 1: by their bosses. It's crazy, dude. Yeah. They also enslave

796
00:47:21,200 --> 00:47:23,680
Speaker 1: a lot of people to do it. Even though slavery

797
00:47:23,719 --> 00:47:27,160
Speaker 1: had been outlawed decades prior. It doesn't matter because there

798
00:47:27,680 --> 00:47:31,200
Speaker 1: out past the reach of law. If anyone wants to

799
00:47:31,239 --> 00:47:34,240
Speaker 1: hear about the gay Irish anti colonial knight who brought

800
00:47:34,280 --> 00:47:38,120
Speaker 1: down some Amazon rubber plantation slavers, check out the episode

801
00:47:38,120 --> 00:47:41,520
Speaker 1: on Roger Casement we did last year. Um, he was

802
00:47:41,600 --> 00:47:45,719
Speaker 1: fucking cool. More than a hundred thousand rubber tappers are

803
00:47:45,719 --> 00:47:48,800
Speaker 1: in the Amazon by the year, and they're treated like

804
00:47:48,840 --> 00:47:52,640
Speaker 1: absolute shit. You can't do anything without the boss's permission. Um,

805
00:47:52,719 --> 00:47:54,600
Speaker 1: you have to bribe the boss of more rubber to

806
00:47:54,760 --> 00:47:58,120
Speaker 1: get away with anything. Um, including like go to town

807
00:47:58,200 --> 00:48:01,360
Speaker 1: and should I think thousand and upwards the ten thousand

808
00:48:01,400 --> 00:48:04,440
Speaker 1: people a year are dying doing this work. Most rubber

809
00:48:04,440 --> 00:48:09,440
Speaker 1: tappers they go into debt and you enter essentially debt slavery. Um,

810
00:48:09,480 --> 00:48:12,040
Speaker 1: because they're being ripped on they're being ripped off constantly,

811
00:48:12,160 --> 00:48:13,799
Speaker 1: and you just go further and further a debt the

812
00:48:13,840 --> 00:48:16,320
Speaker 1: longer you work. And if you try to skip down

813
00:48:16,360 --> 00:48:20,640
Speaker 1: on your debt, they'll set you on fire. If you're

814
00:48:20,640 --> 00:48:25,080
Speaker 1: caught growing food, If you're caught growing food instead of

815
00:48:25,080 --> 00:48:28,760
Speaker 1: buying it from the company store, they'll set you on fire.

816
00:48:29,320 --> 00:48:36,839
Speaker 1: Set you off, okay, like okay, yeah, like chill set

817
00:48:36,880 --> 00:48:43,400
Speaker 1: them on fire. Yeah, alright, like what are we doing here? Man? Like?

818
00:48:43,960 --> 00:48:51,839
Speaker 1: All right? Yeah? Um, schools are forbidden because not only

819
00:48:52,120 --> 00:48:54,279
Speaker 1: can no one read, but they also keep people from

820
00:48:54,280 --> 00:48:57,040
Speaker 1: being able to do basic math. I literally had never

821
00:48:57,080 --> 00:48:59,799
Speaker 1: heard the word enumero it before, but these people were

822
00:48:59,840 --> 00:49:05,640
Speaker 1: kept literate and enumerate numerate. Yeah, so you just don't

823
00:49:05,640 --> 00:49:08,160
Speaker 1: know how many hours you've been here and how many

824
00:49:08,640 --> 00:49:11,200
Speaker 1: units of rubber that you just dug up. You just

825
00:49:11,280 --> 00:49:15,360
Speaker 1: don't know. And they're they're taking ten percent off the top,

826
00:49:15,480 --> 00:49:18,520
Speaker 1: and they're like, you can take off whatever percent off

827
00:49:18,520 --> 00:49:21,040
Speaker 1: the top they want, and you fucking fight them, they'll

828
00:49:21,040 --> 00:49:25,839
Speaker 1: just set you on fire. That's crazy. And there's an

829
00:49:25,880 --> 00:49:28,799
Speaker 1: interesting tension between indigenous people and these rubber tappers, one

830
00:49:28,840 --> 00:49:31,600
Speaker 1: that will probably be familiar to anyone who reads about

831
00:49:31,600 --> 00:49:35,120
Speaker 1: the ship anywhere in colonized areas. There's a hundred years

832
00:49:35,120 --> 00:49:37,600
Speaker 1: of bloody conflict between the two groups. But they also

833
00:49:37,640 --> 00:49:40,359
Speaker 1: intermarried frequently, and most of what the rubber tappers knew

834
00:49:40,400 --> 00:49:43,440
Speaker 1: about the forest came from these marriages and from conversations

835
00:49:43,440 --> 00:49:48,040
Speaker 1: with indigenous people mm hmm. And really interestingly, and it's

836
00:49:48,120 --> 00:49:53,280
Speaker 1: very important to the story. They did this sustainably, Unlike

837
00:49:53,320 --> 00:49:56,120
Speaker 1: most like colonizers who go into like an untouched not

838
00:49:56,239 --> 00:49:59,719
Speaker 1: actually untouched, but you know, perceived as untouched wilderness or whatever.

839
00:50:00,680 --> 00:50:03,239
Speaker 1: They set up all of their rubber harvesting, at least

840
00:50:03,239 --> 00:50:05,880
Speaker 1: in Brazil actually right across the river and Bolivia, they

841
00:50:05,880 --> 00:50:10,000
Speaker 1: would just like fucking clear different. Yeah, but the rubber

842
00:50:10,000 --> 00:50:14,640
Speaker 1: tappers in Brazil would like um work with specific trees

843
00:50:14,719 --> 00:50:17,680
Speaker 1: they knew well and would like knew exactly how much

844
00:50:17,760 --> 00:50:20,200
Speaker 1: rubber they could take out of them without damaging them further,

845
00:50:20,400 --> 00:50:24,480
Speaker 1: and like just and even when they would like clear

846
00:50:24,600 --> 00:50:28,520
Speaker 1: some area to grow food when they could, they would

847
00:50:28,840 --> 00:50:30,760
Speaker 1: do that for a little while and let the forest

848
00:50:30,840 --> 00:50:32,600
Speaker 1: reclaim it and then do it in a new spot

849
00:50:32,719 --> 00:50:35,720
Speaker 1: and like actually pay attention to how the indigenous people

850
00:50:35,719 --> 00:50:38,480
Speaker 1: did it and do it that way. But there's still

851
00:50:38,480 --> 00:50:40,279
Speaker 1: this tension. Even though they've kind of like learned from

852
00:50:40,280 --> 00:50:46,239
Speaker 1: the indigenous people, they're also fighting over territory and yeah,

853
00:50:46,280 --> 00:50:49,759
Speaker 1: a little a little pragmatism, you know, kind of like

854
00:50:50,520 --> 00:50:54,880
Speaker 1: in play here. Yeah, Anyway, the boom falls apart at

855
00:50:54,920 --> 00:50:57,320
Speaker 1: the end of the nineteenth century because someone smuggles seeds

856
00:50:57,360 --> 00:51:00,080
Speaker 1: to Asia and the invasive tree does really well in

857
00:51:00,160 --> 00:51:02,160
Speaker 1: various other places where it doesn't have like its own

858
00:51:02,200 --> 00:51:05,200
Speaker 1: funguses that keep it in check, and it could be

859
00:51:05,280 --> 00:51:08,520
Speaker 1: like kind of more mono cropt The rubber tappers remain

860
00:51:08,560 --> 00:51:11,400
Speaker 1: in the Amazon, which was very good in some ways

861
00:51:11,680 --> 00:51:14,080
Speaker 1: because in World War Two, the Asian rubber market was

862
00:51:14,080 --> 00:51:18,680
Speaker 1: controlled by Japan. Suddenly the Allies need rubber, and so

863
00:51:18,719 --> 00:51:21,279
Speaker 1: you get these soldiers of rubber. I've never heard about this,

864
00:51:21,640 --> 00:51:25,680
Speaker 1: whoa tens of thousands of poor workers are shipped into

865
00:51:25,719 --> 00:51:29,319
Speaker 1: the Amazon and like Germany's hanging out in submarines, not

866
00:51:29,440 --> 00:51:32,080
Speaker 1: shooting down the boats of the soldiers of rubber because

867
00:51:32,080 --> 00:51:34,719
Speaker 1: they don't want the Allies to get rubber because you

868
00:51:34,760 --> 00:51:40,160
Speaker 1: need it for industrial war. Yeah, for war. Yeah. Half

869
00:51:40,160 --> 00:51:44,000
Speaker 1: of these workers, these soldiers die of malaria during the war,

870
00:51:45,200 --> 00:51:47,839
Speaker 1: and after the war they will promise, pensions, and ship.

871
00:51:47,880 --> 00:51:51,320
Speaker 1: They're completely abandoned. Most of them can't leave the forest

872
00:51:51,360 --> 00:51:54,359
Speaker 1: and return to their families because they're now in debt

873
00:51:54,400 --> 00:51:57,719
Speaker 1: to their bosses, and they'll be set on fire. Set

874
00:51:57,840 --> 00:52:01,040
Speaker 1: on fire man. Yeah, I don't how long. The set

875
00:52:01,040 --> 00:52:03,000
Speaker 1: on fire thing like that was a specific one I

876
00:52:03,040 --> 00:52:05,040
Speaker 1: read about, and I never read about any other method

877
00:52:05,120 --> 00:52:07,160
Speaker 1: that they used to kill people. And it's very evocative.

878
00:52:07,160 --> 00:52:10,080
Speaker 1: They'd like wrap you in latex, which is flammable, and

879
00:52:10,080 --> 00:52:13,160
Speaker 1: then set you on fire. One of these original rubber

880
00:52:13,200 --> 00:52:16,000
Speaker 1: tappers not a soldier of rubber but which just a

881
00:52:16,000 --> 00:52:21,040
Speaker 1: funny word. Yeah, it was our protagonist grandfather, and another

882
00:52:21,120 --> 00:52:24,600
Speaker 1: was our protagonist father, and another was this week's protagonist himself,

883
00:52:25,160 --> 00:52:30,359
Speaker 1: Chico Mendez. Jico Mendez was born on December four, near

884
00:52:30,400 --> 00:52:32,279
Speaker 1: the end of World War two. His full name is

885
00:52:32,320 --> 00:52:37,880
Speaker 1: Francisco Alvez Mendez Fiel Home. He was one of eighteen kids,

886
00:52:38,120 --> 00:52:40,399
Speaker 1: only six of who made Yeah, only six of who

887
00:52:40,440 --> 00:52:42,800
Speaker 1: made it to adulthood. That's a fucking rough it is

888
00:52:42,840 --> 00:52:47,320
Speaker 1: in the jungle. His family's poor as fuck. His dad, though,

889
00:52:47,760 --> 00:52:50,360
Speaker 1: knew how to read and how to count. Um. His

890
00:52:50,480 --> 00:52:53,000
Speaker 1: dad was cool. His dad hated parties and gossip and

891
00:52:53,040 --> 00:52:55,240
Speaker 1: just wanted to talk about how they were being exploited

892
00:52:55,239 --> 00:52:58,480
Speaker 1: by the bosses. His friends kind of hated him, but

893
00:52:59,280 --> 00:53:03,239
Speaker 1: I liked him, you know, mm hmmm. And his dad

894
00:53:03,280 --> 00:53:05,600
Speaker 1: had a club foot and walked the limp and had

895
00:53:05,640 --> 00:53:09,160
Speaker 1: like physical disabilities, but still taped rubber um and had

896
00:53:09,200 --> 00:53:11,960
Speaker 1: a harder time bringing in enough money, but still did so.

897
00:53:13,400 --> 00:53:15,799
Speaker 1: When Chico is nine, he started following his dad into

898
00:53:15,800 --> 00:53:18,200
Speaker 1: the forest a tap rubber by the time, and this

899
00:53:18,320 --> 00:53:20,680
Speaker 1: is a ten mile circuit they walk every day. You

900
00:53:20,719 --> 00:53:23,560
Speaker 1: come to know each rubber tree personally. They get several

901
00:53:23,600 --> 00:53:26,680
Speaker 1: gallons of raw latex every day, plus whatever they're able

902
00:53:26,719 --> 00:53:28,160
Speaker 1: to hunt. You go out with a shotgun and a

903
00:53:28,239 --> 00:53:31,839
Speaker 1: knife and a machette ye, go gather what you can

904
00:53:31,920 --> 00:53:35,680
Speaker 1: from the jungle. Once they're home. They smoked the latex

905
00:53:35,760 --> 00:53:38,440
Speaker 1: to prevent bacteria from growing in it, and a day's

906
00:53:38,480 --> 00:53:41,040
Speaker 1: haul is about six to seven pounds of rubber after

907
00:53:41,120 --> 00:53:44,279
Speaker 1: fifteen hours of work. They could only do this three

908
00:53:44,320 --> 00:53:46,439
Speaker 1: to four days a week because they didn't have enough

909
00:53:46,680 --> 00:53:54,480
Speaker 1: territory to sustainably harvest more than three. Yeah. Yeah, I

910
00:53:54,520 --> 00:53:59,200
Speaker 1: can't even fucking can't get my head. Yeah no, And

911
00:53:59,200 --> 00:54:03,279
Speaker 1: there's like there's so many stories of of like just

912
00:54:03,320 --> 00:54:06,680
Speaker 1: like his childhood where it's like the first time you

913
00:54:06,680 --> 00:54:09,200
Speaker 1: shoot a monkey and realize it looks like a person,

914
00:54:09,840 --> 00:54:14,120
Speaker 1: and like the brother who's killed by random wild animal

915
00:54:14,480 --> 00:54:20,200
Speaker 1: and like or like I touched the wrong caterpillar and

916
00:54:20,280 --> 00:54:24,759
Speaker 1: now I'm dead. You know, during the rainy season, the

917
00:54:24,880 --> 00:54:30,040
Speaker 1: rubber tappers collect brazil nuts for sale instead. And by

918
00:54:30,080 --> 00:54:32,840
Speaker 1: the time he's eleven, chicoes a full time rubber tapper.

919
00:54:33,400 --> 00:54:35,040
Speaker 1: He learned a little bit about how to read from

920
00:54:35,040 --> 00:54:37,000
Speaker 1: his dad, so he used to read the newspaper allowed

921
00:54:37,000 --> 00:54:39,840
Speaker 1: to other tappers. But he wasn't like he's gonna be

922
00:54:39,880 --> 00:54:41,759
Speaker 1: this like labor leader, right, and so people kind of

923
00:54:41,760 --> 00:54:44,480
Speaker 1: wanted to be like this charismatic kid. Like no, everyone's

924
00:54:44,520 --> 00:54:47,160
Speaker 1: like now that kids used still wander around open mouth

925
00:54:47,200 --> 00:54:55,360
Speaker 1: and drooling. Yeah. And then when he was twelve, a

926
00:54:55,440 --> 00:54:59,280
Speaker 1: stranger swept into town and bought an abandoned rubber tapping homestead.

927
00:54:59,800 --> 00:55:03,480
Speaker 1: You Claydie's Fernandez Tavora, and he's a communist rebel in

928
00:55:03,600 --> 00:55:08,200
Speaker 1: hiding and he never bothered cooking because he didn't like to,

929
00:55:08,400 --> 00:55:12,879
Speaker 1: so we just ate sugar. How long did he live,

930
00:55:13,560 --> 00:55:15,640
Speaker 1: I don't know. I think In the end, he gets

931
00:55:15,640 --> 00:55:20,040
Speaker 1: married and makes his wife cook for him. But but

932
00:55:20,520 --> 00:55:22,520
Speaker 1: he's a man after my own heart in this regard

933
00:55:22,560 --> 00:55:25,920
Speaker 1: of hat and just eating sugar. I just eat this

934
00:55:26,000 --> 00:55:30,160
Speaker 1: stick right here. It's real sweet, it's great. Yeah. He

935
00:55:30,200 --> 00:55:32,920
Speaker 1: had failed to overthrow the dictator in the thirties. Then

936
00:55:32,920 --> 00:55:35,040
Speaker 1: he escaped a prison island by dressing up as a

937
00:55:35,040 --> 00:55:37,440
Speaker 1: woman and getting out on a boat. Then he'd hit

938
00:55:37,520 --> 00:55:39,920
Speaker 1: in Bolivia for a while and worked started working as

939
00:55:39,920 --> 00:55:42,440
Speaker 1: a rubber tapper, which he was like not constitutionally suited for.

940
00:55:42,520 --> 00:55:44,040
Speaker 1: But he had to hide in the jungle because he's

941
00:55:44,040 --> 00:55:47,880
Speaker 1: a communist rebel. Yeah, he got caught stirring up labor

942
00:55:47,960 --> 00:55:50,320
Speaker 1: organizing in Bolivia, so he had to run back to Brazil,

943
00:55:51,400 --> 00:55:53,640
Speaker 1: where he radicalized one of the most important labor leaders

944
00:55:53,640 --> 00:55:57,160
Speaker 1: in Brazil's history, Chico Mendez, a twelve year old. Chico

945
00:55:57,239 --> 00:55:59,040
Speaker 1: was like, this guy's cool as fuck, and he reads

946
00:55:59,080 --> 00:56:01,960
Speaker 1: books books all the time and tried to overthrow the government.

947
00:56:02,200 --> 00:56:06,320
Speaker 1: I like him, And so soon Euclides is teaching Chico

948
00:56:06,360 --> 00:56:10,120
Speaker 1: how to read even more and teaching him marks, teaching

949
00:56:10,160 --> 00:56:14,920
Speaker 1: him that labor produces all value. Yeah. When she goes seventeen,

950
00:56:15,040 --> 00:56:18,280
Speaker 1: his mother dies of a complication during her nineteen pregnancy,

951
00:56:19,000 --> 00:56:22,520
Speaker 1: you'd think, you know, like, I bet you, I don't know.

952
00:56:22,560 --> 00:56:24,480
Speaker 1: It's fucking horrible. And it's just like I feel like

953
00:56:24,640 --> 00:56:26,719
Speaker 1: by the time I in my like nineteenth pregnancy, I

954
00:56:26,719 --> 00:56:29,000
Speaker 1: feel like i'd be like, it's fine, I got this,

955
00:56:29,239 --> 00:56:35,600
Speaker 1: you know. Listen, after witnessing the birth of my youngest,

956
00:56:36,200 --> 00:56:42,560
Speaker 1: I am like, I don't know how anyone does that again. Yeah, yeah,

957
00:56:42,600 --> 00:56:47,120
Speaker 1: I don't know why anyone has siblings. Yeah, after to

958
00:56:47,160 --> 00:56:50,520
Speaker 1: have his wots, I know, I would be like, Okay,

959
00:56:50,280 --> 00:56:55,319
Speaker 1: I experienced it. It was great. Yeah. Yeah, I'm not

960
00:56:55,360 --> 00:57:01,240
Speaker 1: doing that again. Ye no, I like nine times trip

961
00:57:02,200 --> 00:57:06,000
Speaker 1: she keeps getting worse. In Brazil, Leftish government came into

962
00:57:06,000 --> 00:57:07,400
Speaker 1: power to try and fix some of the ship that

963
00:57:07,440 --> 00:57:10,720
Speaker 1: was going bad. A rural movement started popping off. Landless

964
00:57:10,719 --> 00:57:13,320
Speaker 1: peasants started pushing for land reform, which is to say,

965
00:57:13,520 --> 00:57:15,880
Speaker 1: have workable land available to them instead of owned by

966
00:57:15,880 --> 00:57:19,600
Speaker 1: the rich people. Activists and the Catholic Church start pushing

967
00:57:19,600 --> 00:57:22,880
Speaker 1: for the education of the working class. Because of this,

968
00:57:23,000 --> 00:57:25,560
Speaker 1: left wing things doing this crazy stuff like working with

969
00:57:25,560 --> 00:57:28,160
Speaker 1: the church to educate people of the right wing, supported

970
00:57:28,160 --> 00:57:30,520
Speaker 1: by the US and the CIA, staged a coup in

971
00:57:30,600 --> 00:57:34,560
Speaker 1: nineteen sixty four installed a dictator. Eucleides gets more and

972
00:57:34,600 --> 00:57:37,560
Speaker 1: more paranoid, right the communist rebel, and he starts losing

973
00:57:37,560 --> 00:57:39,880
Speaker 1: his ship. He's convinced, for very good reason, that people

974
00:57:39,880 --> 00:57:43,560
Speaker 1: are after him. He starts getting sick. Then one day

975
00:57:43,760 --> 00:57:45,640
Speaker 1: he went off to walk to the hospital and he

976
00:57:45,680 --> 00:57:50,120
Speaker 1: never came back. He probably just died of being sick.

977
00:57:50,200 --> 00:57:53,320
Speaker 1: He might have died by being caught and executed, or

978
00:57:53,480 --> 00:57:56,920
Speaker 1: and this is the least likely by far, maybe he's

979
00:57:56,920 --> 00:58:04,120
Speaker 1: still living in Brazil to this day, fomenting revolution or whatever. Yeah,

980
00:58:04,440 --> 00:58:07,560
Speaker 1: but his last words to his protege Mendez, who's twenty

981
00:58:07,560 --> 00:58:12,040
Speaker 1: two at this time, is and I am paraphrasing here,

982
00:58:12,640 --> 00:58:15,240
Speaker 1: don't just go throw yourself into some military looking leftist

983
00:58:15,280 --> 00:58:18,840
Speaker 1: thing and get yourself killed. Join a fucking union organized,

984
00:58:18,880 --> 00:58:22,720
Speaker 1: gets shipped done. M hmm. Some ship he does get done,

985
00:58:22,760 --> 00:58:28,400
Speaker 1: which I will talk about on Wednesday. But first, prop,

986
00:58:29,440 --> 00:58:36,440
Speaker 1: what ship do you get done? What's the plug a bulls? Yeah,

987
00:58:36,520 --> 00:58:41,320
Speaker 1: I'll be getting done. Uh yeah, the cold Brew has

988
00:58:41,360 --> 00:58:44,080
Speaker 1: been re upped. I'm excited about that terraform called brew.

989
00:58:44,880 --> 00:58:48,320
Speaker 1: Get you some coffee, Um, please, get you some coffee.

990
00:58:49,280 --> 00:58:52,240
Speaker 1: There's that. Uh you know, we got the politics who

991
00:58:52,280 --> 00:58:55,720
Speaker 1: Prop season two. We've been cracking a bit kind of fun,

992
00:58:55,760 --> 00:58:58,880
Speaker 1: like introducing YadA the homies, Like a lot of people

993
00:58:58,920 --> 00:59:01,600
Speaker 1: have I've known over the years that do like super

994
00:59:01,640 --> 00:59:06,840
Speaker 1: dope stuff and are involved. Um the also yeah, also,

995
00:59:06,960 --> 00:59:10,000
Speaker 1: like the news has gotten much more comical, so it

996
00:59:10,120 --> 00:59:13,160
Speaker 1: makes it easier to you know, have stuff to talk about,

997
00:59:13,320 --> 00:59:18,200
Speaker 1: you say, you know so so that helps. But yeah,

998
00:59:18,640 --> 00:59:21,360
Speaker 1: and prop hip hop dot Com like I'm releasing music,

999
00:59:21,520 --> 00:59:26,720
Speaker 1: releasing poems right now. Um it's a good time. Yeah.

1000
00:59:27,160 --> 00:59:29,960
Speaker 1: Um so if you got anything you want to plug, no,

1001
00:59:30,080 --> 00:59:32,560
Speaker 1: I just head politics or prop Prop's got some good

1002
00:59:32,600 --> 00:59:36,440
Speaker 1: episodes so so, I mean always has been coming in hot.

1003
00:59:36,640 --> 00:59:38,640
Speaker 1: We've becoming it hot man, it's been dope. Yeah, and

1004
00:59:39,000 --> 00:59:43,000
Speaker 1: your titles have been a base as an episode called

1005
00:59:43,000 --> 00:59:46,040
Speaker 1: whose Man's is this? Yeah, I was looking at that

1006
00:59:46,080 --> 00:59:51,280
Speaker 1: earlier today. I'm gonna listen to that bro, Like, yes,

1007
00:59:52,320 --> 00:59:54,840
Speaker 1: probably the only one I want to hear telling me

1008
00:59:54,880 --> 00:59:58,560
Speaker 1: about what's going on in Congress because everyone else is annoying.

1009
00:59:59,320 --> 01:00:01,760
Speaker 1: Was annoying. Like I just feel like if anyone was

1010
01:00:01,800 --> 01:00:06,960
Speaker 1: in the room right now, you would be like yoh, hey, okay, boy,

1011
01:00:08,080 --> 01:00:12,000
Speaker 1: get your who bray, Hey, get your boy dog like, hey,

1012
01:00:12,000 --> 01:00:14,120
Speaker 1: get your girl? What is she up there screaming about

1013
01:00:14,200 --> 01:00:17,480
Speaker 1: right now? Hey, shut the funk up? Who is she?

1014
01:00:21,560 --> 01:00:24,520
Speaker 1: That's the way anyone would be in his room right now.

1015
01:00:25,080 --> 01:00:28,560
Speaker 1: It's so funny, So you all should check out those

1016
01:00:28,600 --> 01:00:34,760
Speaker 1: things and yes, listen to us more on Wednesday. Cool

1017
01:00:34,800 --> 01:00:37,240
Speaker 1: People Who Did Cool Stuff is a production of cool

1018
01:00:37,320 --> 01:00:40,520
Speaker 1: Zone Media. Or more podcasts and cool Zone Media, visit

1019
01:00:40,560 --> 01:00:43,320
Speaker 1: our website cool zone media dot com, or check us

1020
01:00:43,320 --> 01:00:46,080
Speaker 1: out on the I Heard Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or

1021
01:00:46,120 --> 01:00:47,880
Speaker 1: wherever you get your podcasts.