1 00:00:03,040 --> 00:00:05,840 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind from how Stuff 2 00:00:05,880 --> 00:00:14,840 Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind. 3 00:00:14,960 --> 00:00:17,640 Speaker 1: My name is Robert Lamb, I'm Christian Say, and I'm 4 00:00:17,720 --> 00:00:19,800 Speaker 1: Joe McCormick. And here we are with part three of 5 00:00:19,840 --> 00:00:25,840 Speaker 1: our seventeen ig No Bells Prize Ignoble Prizes series, where 6 00:00:25,840 --> 00:00:29,040 Speaker 1: we're discussing the recipients of the seen ig Noo Bells. 7 00:00:29,080 --> 00:00:31,040 Speaker 1: If you haven't heard the first two episodes, you might 8 00:00:31,080 --> 00:00:33,640 Speaker 1: want to go check those out first. If you're unfamiliar 9 00:00:33,680 --> 00:00:35,839 Speaker 1: with the prizes, we introduced them in the first episode. 10 00:00:35,880 --> 00:00:37,880 Speaker 1: But hey, if you're here you just want to jump 11 00:00:38,000 --> 00:00:41,159 Speaker 1: right in. That's okay too, guys. We have already covered 12 00:00:41,600 --> 00:00:47,280 Speaker 1: liquid cats, cave bugs with swapped genitals, digeri do therapy, 13 00:00:47,600 --> 00:00:52,440 Speaker 1: crocodile gamblers, weird effects of twins taking selfies or just 14 00:00:52,520 --> 00:00:55,400 Speaker 1: looking at their own faces, and then whether old man 15 00:00:55,440 --> 00:00:57,319 Speaker 1: ears are big. I don't know if you can get 16 00:00:57,320 --> 00:01:00,560 Speaker 1: any weirder than that. And you know, before we get 17 00:01:00,600 --> 00:01:02,480 Speaker 1: into the categories, they do want to again point out 18 00:01:02,680 --> 00:01:04,880 Speaker 1: that the Ignoble Prizes, they come out every year, they 19 00:01:04,880 --> 00:01:08,480 Speaker 1: put on by the publication the annals have been probable research. 20 00:01:09,080 --> 00:01:12,280 Speaker 1: I will include a link to their website on the 21 00:01:12,360 --> 00:01:14,319 Speaker 1: landing page for this episode Stuff to Blow your Mind 22 00:01:14,360 --> 00:01:16,560 Speaker 1: dot com. Be sure to check them out. They are 23 00:01:16,600 --> 00:01:18,760 Speaker 1: a publication. They put out a lot of great content 24 00:01:19,000 --> 00:01:24,800 Speaker 1: about cool, weird, and occasionally hilarious, well frequently hilarious uh 25 00:01:24,840 --> 00:01:27,679 Speaker 1: scientific studies. Uh. They're worth checking out. And we have 26 00:01:27,840 --> 00:01:31,160 Speaker 1: to thank them, uh for putting out this content every year, 27 00:01:31,400 --> 00:01:35,000 Speaker 1: drawing everyone's attention to these unique studies so that we 28 00:01:35,040 --> 00:01:38,440 Speaker 1: can highlight them. Yeah. Actually, and if you're really loving 29 00:01:38,480 --> 00:01:40,680 Speaker 1: these episodes and you want to know more, you can 30 00:01:40,800 --> 00:01:43,960 Speaker 1: watch their ceremony online when they gave the awards to 31 00:01:44,000 --> 00:01:46,080 Speaker 1: all these people for the articles we're talking about. You're 32 00:01:46,080 --> 00:01:49,080 Speaker 1: a big fan, right. We're thinking of putting together a 33 00:01:49,120 --> 00:01:52,920 Speaker 1: Christian singer commentary track. And as people know from past 34 00:01:53,000 --> 00:01:55,760 Speaker 1: Ignoble episodes, I've watched them all the way through. I 35 00:01:55,800 --> 00:01:58,400 Speaker 1: didn't do it this time. It's a little bit painful. 36 00:01:58,560 --> 00:02:00,400 Speaker 1: It's it's not my cup of tea when it comes 37 00:02:00,400 --> 00:02:02,440 Speaker 1: to sense of humor. But I love the research that 38 00:02:02,480 --> 00:02:06,160 Speaker 1: they pulled together. Yeah, alright, So what do we have 39 00:02:06,200 --> 00:02:09,640 Speaker 1: for day? We have three left, one each to round 40 00:02:09,639 --> 00:02:12,400 Speaker 1: out the twenty seven Igno Bells. What's what's first, I think, Joe, 41 00:02:12,600 --> 00:02:15,680 Speaker 1: we have you first with the nutrition prize. Let's talk 42 00:02:15,720 --> 00:02:21,480 Speaker 1: about vampire bats. Are they nutritious? They sure are delicious, delicious. Yeah. 43 00:02:21,680 --> 00:02:25,800 Speaker 1: So there are three species of bats that are completely hematophagus, 44 00:02:25,880 --> 00:02:29,519 Speaker 1: meaning they can survive on blood as their only food. 45 00:02:29,639 --> 00:02:33,200 Speaker 1: And these three species are des Modus rotundus, which is 46 00:02:33,240 --> 00:02:35,680 Speaker 1: the common vampire bat. You'll find it all over Central 47 00:02:35,720 --> 00:02:40,200 Speaker 1: and South America. Uh Diamus yungi, which is the white 48 00:02:40,200 --> 00:02:45,280 Speaker 1: winged vampire bat, and Diphila eco data, the hairy legged 49 00:02:45,360 --> 00:02:48,839 Speaker 1: vampire bat. Now, all three of these actually you'll find 50 00:02:48,840 --> 00:02:52,320 Speaker 1: in different parts of Central and South America. To survive 51 00:02:52,480 --> 00:02:55,480 Speaker 1: on a diet of blood, these bats are equipped with 52 00:02:55,560 --> 00:02:59,120 Speaker 1: some pretty amazing equipment. They've got these razor sharp incisors 53 00:02:59,120 --> 00:03:02,040 Speaker 1: and canines. And first what they do is they tend 54 00:03:02,120 --> 00:03:06,639 Speaker 1: to clip away the feathers or hair of their hosts. 55 00:03:06,680 --> 00:03:08,280 Speaker 1: You get like a free hair cut out of it, 56 00:03:08,639 --> 00:03:10,919 Speaker 1: and then puncture the flesh. So they get the sort 57 00:03:10,960 --> 00:03:13,240 Speaker 1: of scissor like teeth to clip away feathers or hair. 58 00:03:13,600 --> 00:03:15,800 Speaker 1: They get a hole in you. And then they've also 59 00:03:15,840 --> 00:03:19,320 Speaker 1: got this saliva laced with anticoagulants. So when they get 60 00:03:19,360 --> 00:03:21,600 Speaker 1: it in the blood, it helps keep the blood flowing 61 00:03:21,680 --> 00:03:24,720 Speaker 1: instead of clotting. They're basically surgeons, really, I mean they're 62 00:03:24,800 --> 00:03:28,960 Speaker 1: they're shaving the surface and then they're making the incision 63 00:03:28,960 --> 00:03:32,440 Speaker 1: and using in Uh, they're basically drugging you so that 64 00:03:32,440 --> 00:03:34,920 Speaker 1: you don't feel anything. We have a whole episode about 65 00:03:34,960 --> 00:03:37,280 Speaker 1: this actually about the physics of blood drinking as it 66 00:03:37,320 --> 00:03:40,839 Speaker 1: relates to vampire bats and you know, also fictional vampires. Well, 67 00:03:40,920 --> 00:03:43,280 Speaker 1: since you know that, you you guys probably know that 68 00:03:43,320 --> 00:03:46,840 Speaker 1: they don't actually suck blood, but they sort of lap 69 00:03:46,880 --> 00:03:49,120 Speaker 1: it up. Yeah, they let the blood pool and they 70 00:03:49,200 --> 00:03:51,200 Speaker 1: lap it up, or they let it flow into the 71 00:03:51,200 --> 00:03:54,000 Speaker 1: blood funnels. The blood funnels on the tongue or the 72 00:03:54,080 --> 00:03:57,360 Speaker 1: roof of the mouth. So a blood based diet is 73 00:03:57,400 --> 00:04:00,800 Speaker 1: a rare and highly specialized way for a mammal to 74 00:04:00,840 --> 00:04:02,920 Speaker 1: make a living. I would say it's like it's a 75 00:04:03,040 --> 00:04:05,160 Speaker 1: terrible way for a mamm living, Like it is a 76 00:04:05,400 --> 00:04:08,000 Speaker 1: difficult life. There is a reason you don't see a 77 00:04:08,000 --> 00:04:12,360 Speaker 1: whole lot of blood sucking mammals. It requires weird specific 78 00:04:12,480 --> 00:04:16,960 Speaker 1: behavioral and physiological adaptations that are not easily turned toward 79 00:04:17,080 --> 00:04:21,960 Speaker 1: other survival strategies. Basically, it's an extreme lifestyle. And and 80 00:04:22,080 --> 00:04:25,840 Speaker 1: I'm just imagining that like these bats at the X Games, Like, yeah, 81 00:04:25,920 --> 00:04:29,080 Speaker 1: that's extreme, bro right, Like I went all in on 82 00:04:29,200 --> 00:04:32,080 Speaker 1: learning how to rocket skateboard and I can't do anything else. 83 00:04:32,160 --> 00:04:34,760 Speaker 1: I never learned math, and now now I'm stuck with 84 00:04:34,800 --> 00:04:38,640 Speaker 1: this is my career. Um so Hemata fagus bats are 85 00:04:38,720 --> 00:04:42,200 Speaker 1: not able to store body fat and generally can't survive 86 00:04:42,279 --> 00:04:45,039 Speaker 1: fasting more than a couple of days. And their bodies 87 00:04:45,080 --> 00:04:48,920 Speaker 1: are also incredibly incredibly efficient at eliminating waste products from 88 00:04:48,960 --> 00:04:51,880 Speaker 1: their blood diets, such as urea and excess water. But 89 00:04:52,440 --> 00:04:57,440 Speaker 1: because of this elimination efficiency, they're also highly susceptible to dehydration. 90 00:04:58,000 --> 00:05:01,160 Speaker 1: It's hard being a vampire bat. Yeah. I remember in 91 00:05:01,200 --> 00:05:02,680 Speaker 1: the episode of The Christian and I did we talked 92 00:05:02,760 --> 00:05:07,039 Speaker 1: which we extrapolated this to a humanoid vampire, and we're 93 00:05:07,080 --> 00:05:10,359 Speaker 1: basically describing this nos ferato like creature that would have 94 00:05:10,400 --> 00:05:13,320 Speaker 1: to like barely drag itself into your room while you 95 00:05:13,320 --> 00:05:16,560 Speaker 1: were asleep and start feeding on you, and it would 96 00:05:16,600 --> 00:05:19,800 Speaker 1: be urinating at the same time. Uh and and and 97 00:05:19,960 --> 00:05:24,200 Speaker 1: basically in a state of constant dehydration because the bathroom 98 00:05:24,200 --> 00:05:26,880 Speaker 1: breaks everywhere. If I remember, I don't have the time 99 00:05:27,839 --> 00:05:30,000 Speaker 1: quantities in my head, but they can only do it 100 00:05:30,040 --> 00:05:33,279 Speaker 1: for a certain amount of time on specific animals before 101 00:05:33,320 --> 00:05:36,680 Speaker 1: they're discovered, before you notice you've got one chomping on you, 102 00:05:37,120 --> 00:05:39,400 Speaker 1: and so they have to like be real quick about it. 103 00:05:39,600 --> 00:05:41,760 Speaker 1: And they only get like a little bit of blood 104 00:05:41,800 --> 00:05:44,080 Speaker 1: plasma with each feeding, so they could feed a lot. 105 00:05:44,279 --> 00:05:46,080 Speaker 1: Yeah that with a lot of these. It's typical that 106 00:05:46,120 --> 00:05:48,680 Speaker 1: they can only get one host per night. So I 107 00:05:48,680 --> 00:05:51,240 Speaker 1: mean it's a it's a it's a rough way to 108 00:05:51,279 --> 00:05:54,960 Speaker 1: make a living. That's why they're also skinny and harry legged. Yeah, 109 00:05:55,240 --> 00:05:58,520 Speaker 1: always on the cover of magazines. Uh So, the first 110 00:05:58,560 --> 00:06:01,599 Speaker 1: two species I mentioned before are they find their blood 111 00:06:01,600 --> 00:06:04,600 Speaker 1: in more diverse quarters, but the hairy legged vampire bat. 112 00:06:04,600 --> 00:06:07,680 Speaker 1: The third one I mentioned, Diphila eco data is known 113 00:06:07,720 --> 00:06:11,120 Speaker 1: as a bird specialist. That means it makes its foraging 114 00:06:11,240 --> 00:06:16,080 Speaker 1: niche even tighter by surviving almost entirely or entirely on 115 00:06:16,160 --> 00:06:19,880 Speaker 1: the blood of wild birds, unless maybe that is it 116 00:06:19,960 --> 00:06:22,719 Speaker 1: has to adapt. We'll see. So in the in this 117 00:06:23,240 --> 00:06:27,040 Speaker 1: study that got the ig Nobell from the journal Acta 118 00:06:27,200 --> 00:06:33,880 Speaker 1: chiropter A Logica Bats, Yeah, authors Ferdinanda Ito Enrico Bernard 119 00:06:34,000 --> 00:06:37,159 Speaker 1: and Rodrigo A. Torres set out to study the diet 120 00:06:37,240 --> 00:06:40,320 Speaker 1: of diphila. This third bat I mentioned the wild bird 121 00:06:40,360 --> 00:06:44,840 Speaker 1: blood lapper in the habitat of the Katinga dry forest. Now. 122 00:06:44,839 --> 00:06:48,719 Speaker 1: The Katinga is an ecoregion found in eastern Brazil, very 123 00:06:48,720 --> 00:06:52,120 Speaker 1: different from the wet tropical rainforest of the Amazon Basin. 124 00:06:52,360 --> 00:06:55,760 Speaker 1: The Katinga is this desert like region filled with dry, 125 00:06:55,800 --> 00:06:59,280 Speaker 1: thorny trees and scrub vegetation. It's often referred to as 126 00:06:59,320 --> 00:07:02,880 Speaker 1: like thorn forest, and some parts of this region have 127 00:07:03,000 --> 00:07:07,320 Speaker 1: been strongly disturbed in recent years by human activity, especially agriculture. 128 00:07:07,720 --> 00:07:10,760 Speaker 1: As always, human presence in and uh and and human 129 00:07:10,800 --> 00:07:14,400 Speaker 1: agriculture in an ecosystem can mess up local wildlife. So 130 00:07:14,720 --> 00:07:17,320 Speaker 1: the researchers reasoned that you would be able to see 131 00:07:17,320 --> 00:07:20,920 Speaker 1: this disturbance of wildlife through changes in the diet of 132 00:07:21,000 --> 00:07:24,280 Speaker 1: local vampire bats. If you move a bunch of farmers 133 00:07:24,320 --> 00:07:27,520 Speaker 1: into a patch of Katinga, driving out and hunting many 134 00:07:27,560 --> 00:07:30,400 Speaker 1: of the wild birds native to the area, would the 135 00:07:30,440 --> 00:07:35,680 Speaker 1: local diphila change their lifestyle or to praying on domestic mammals, 136 00:07:35,720 --> 00:07:38,800 Speaker 1: maybe in farms like cattle, goats, or pigs. Now here's 137 00:07:38,840 --> 00:07:40,520 Speaker 1: a question for you guys. Let's say you want to 138 00:07:40,560 --> 00:07:43,080 Speaker 1: study what a bad eats. How do you figure that out? 139 00:07:43,560 --> 00:07:46,680 Speaker 1: Follow bats around? Well, that's kind of hard to do, 140 00:07:46,760 --> 00:07:49,040 Speaker 1: and that maybe you made bat drones to chase something. 141 00:07:50,840 --> 00:07:54,080 Speaker 1: You go off the grid, man, I mean, I've seen 142 00:07:54,120 --> 00:07:57,560 Speaker 1: studies that that look at that behavior, and it generally 143 00:07:57,600 --> 00:08:00,360 Speaker 1: means you have to go where the prey hangs out 144 00:08:00,800 --> 00:08:03,360 Speaker 1: and you have to just videotape the prey all night 145 00:08:03,440 --> 00:08:05,760 Speaker 1: and then track what happens. But that would be assuming 146 00:08:05,800 --> 00:08:07,480 Speaker 1: what the prey is. What if you want to find 147 00:08:07,480 --> 00:08:10,800 Speaker 1: out what the pray I imagine that you go through guano. Yep, 148 00:08:10,960 --> 00:08:13,520 Speaker 1: there you go. So a common method of studying the 149 00:08:13,560 --> 00:08:15,720 Speaker 1: diet of a bat would be to study the shapes 150 00:08:15,760 --> 00:08:18,320 Speaker 1: that appear in its poop. So, if it's a fruit 151 00:08:18,360 --> 00:08:20,400 Speaker 1: eating bat, you can look at the feces and see 152 00:08:20,400 --> 00:08:22,520 Speaker 1: what kind of seeds and stuff like that you see. 153 00:08:22,720 --> 00:08:25,320 Speaker 1: If it's an insectivorous bat, you can look for insect 154 00:08:25,360 --> 00:08:28,320 Speaker 1: body parts. But if you want to study the diet 155 00:08:28,360 --> 00:08:31,520 Speaker 1: of a blood lapping bat, how do you do it? Yeah? 156 00:08:31,520 --> 00:08:34,640 Speaker 1: What is a vampire blood poop consist of? Well, I 157 00:08:34,640 --> 00:08:37,439 Speaker 1: mean it looks like soft poop. Yeah, it's soft poop. 158 00:08:37,480 --> 00:08:41,520 Speaker 1: But like you can't identify what animal, Uh, some blood 159 00:08:41,559 --> 00:08:44,120 Speaker 1: came from just by looking at it in poop. So 160 00:08:44,440 --> 00:08:48,800 Speaker 1: enter DNA testing of guano. So you can use polymerase 161 00:08:48,920 --> 00:08:52,680 Speaker 1: chain reaction, which is known as PCR, the PCR technique 162 00:08:52,720 --> 00:08:57,480 Speaker 1: on vampire bat feces to amplify fragments of degraded hosts 163 00:08:57,600 --> 00:09:01,079 Speaker 1: DNA in the feces and to turn rman what animal 164 00:09:01,160 --> 00:09:04,640 Speaker 1: the digested blood came from. So that's what the researchers 165 00:09:04,679 --> 00:09:09,959 Speaker 1: did here. They collected fecal samples monthly from to January 166 00:09:10,000 --> 00:09:14,000 Speaker 1: fifteen from a cave occupied by a colony of Diphila ecadata, 167 00:09:14,120 --> 00:09:16,920 Speaker 1: which is the hairy legged vampire bat. The blood the 168 00:09:16,960 --> 00:09:21,480 Speaker 1: bird blood lappers, which was surrounded by many cattle ranches 169 00:09:21,520 --> 00:09:24,720 Speaker 1: and subsistence farms with a lot of goats in particular 170 00:09:24,760 --> 00:09:28,000 Speaker 1: in the area. So it's the situation where their natural prey, 171 00:09:28,080 --> 00:09:30,920 Speaker 1: the wild birds, have largely been driven out. You've got 172 00:09:30,960 --> 00:09:33,760 Speaker 1: a lot of agriculture and they're wondering, Okay, are these 173 00:09:33,800 --> 00:09:37,000 Speaker 1: things feeding on domestic mammals instead of the birds they 174 00:09:37,040 --> 00:09:40,640 Speaker 1: prefer in the wild. So they preserved all these fecal samples. 175 00:09:40,640 --> 00:09:43,000 Speaker 1: Then they did their molecular analysis to look for d 176 00:09:43,120 --> 00:09:45,480 Speaker 1: NA ques as to what species these bats have been 177 00:09:45,480 --> 00:09:51,040 Speaker 1: gorging themselves on. Researchers found DNA from two species, Gallus gallus, 178 00:09:51,080 --> 00:09:56,680 Speaker 1: the domestic chicken, and Homo sapetans, the domestic human being. 179 00:09:57,960 --> 00:10:01,000 Speaker 1: These bats had been drinking human lud and this is 180 00:10:01,040 --> 00:10:05,280 Speaker 1: significant because while people have gotten bat bites before, this 181 00:10:05,360 --> 00:10:09,160 Speaker 1: is the first known evidence of vampire bats consuming human 182 00:10:09,240 --> 00:10:13,800 Speaker 1: blood under natural conditions in the wild, and it contradicts 183 00:10:13,800 --> 00:10:17,120 Speaker 1: the previous assumption that di Fila ecuadata would only drink 184 00:10:17,200 --> 00:10:20,199 Speaker 1: the blood of wild birds. In previous experiments, this had 185 00:10:20,240 --> 00:10:23,559 Speaker 1: gone pretty far. For example, these bats have even refused 186 00:10:23,559 --> 00:10:26,680 Speaker 1: to drink mammal blood when it was their only option 187 00:10:26,840 --> 00:10:30,520 Speaker 1: in lab conditions. Given the choice between pig blood, goat blood, 188 00:10:30,520 --> 00:10:34,120 Speaker 1: and nothing, they chose nothing. So the idea here was 189 00:10:34,160 --> 00:10:36,520 Speaker 1: that they were birds specialists to the point that there 190 00:10:36,559 --> 00:10:39,560 Speaker 1: was no going back, which is kind of the whole niche. 191 00:10:40,240 --> 00:10:43,520 Speaker 1: You know, the character of the vampire bat itself is 192 00:10:43,559 --> 00:10:46,560 Speaker 1: that it's a creature that has chosen or chosen it is. 193 00:10:46,760 --> 00:10:49,680 Speaker 1: It has gone down a very difficult road and it's 194 00:10:49,760 --> 00:10:52,199 Speaker 1: just making the best it can out of that to 195 00:10:52,320 --> 00:10:55,040 Speaker 1: have those difficult circumstances. Yeah, and they can, and they 196 00:10:55,040 --> 00:10:57,840 Speaker 1: can specialize in different ways, Like rotundas drinks mammal blood, 197 00:10:58,080 --> 00:11:01,680 Speaker 1: but but ecudata does not drink mammal blood even when 198 00:11:01,800 --> 00:11:05,840 Speaker 1: it's got no other choice, except apparently when their habitat 199 00:11:05,960 --> 00:11:09,560 Speaker 1: is disrupted and food sources are depleted, they'll make an exception. 200 00:11:09,600 --> 00:11:12,840 Speaker 1: Apparently not so much for goats or pigs, but for us. 201 00:11:13,520 --> 00:11:17,320 Speaker 1: So this is a consequence of our actions affecting their 202 00:11:17,440 --> 00:11:22,000 Speaker 1: ecological area. Yeah, and I think it's interesting to wonder, 203 00:11:22,120 --> 00:11:25,360 Speaker 1: like why these would generally not go for other mammals, 204 00:11:25,360 --> 00:11:29,120 Speaker 1: but they would find human blood acceptable. Probably got a 205 00:11:29,120 --> 00:11:31,520 Speaker 1: lot of more plasma in it. It's all fat or 206 00:11:31,600 --> 00:11:34,839 Speaker 1: chicken chicken farmers taste taste like chicken. It could be. Now. 207 00:11:34,880 --> 00:11:36,800 Speaker 1: One thing they found is that it looks like these 208 00:11:36,840 --> 00:11:40,480 Speaker 1: bats cannot survive on mammal blood alone. So they can't 209 00:11:40,679 --> 00:11:45,120 Speaker 1: just drink human blood and survive their diet, right, so 210 00:11:45,160 --> 00:11:47,719 Speaker 1: they can survive on a mix of chicken blood and 211 00:11:47,840 --> 00:11:51,960 Speaker 1: human blood. Uh. And so that's pretty weird. But it 212 00:11:52,040 --> 00:11:55,160 Speaker 1: makes me wonder what other animals might decide we are 213 00:11:55,200 --> 00:11:58,240 Speaker 1: worth eating once we destroy their natural habitat and drive 214 00:11:58,240 --> 00:12:02,760 Speaker 1: out their natural prey, hippos. I think it's hippos that 215 00:12:02,800 --> 00:12:05,839 Speaker 1: we need to worry about the most. I believe you 216 00:12:05,880 --> 00:12:09,439 Speaker 1: guys brought up hippos recently, right first monsters, Yeah, yeah, 217 00:12:10,320 --> 00:12:13,559 Speaker 1: watch out, they're gonna get you. It's harder to imagine, certainly, 218 00:12:13,600 --> 00:12:16,440 Speaker 1: the hippo switching over like that. But I remember when 219 00:12:16,440 --> 00:12:18,520 Speaker 1: our in our episode on bats like that was part 220 00:12:18,559 --> 00:12:22,880 Speaker 1: of the part of the really cool scientific theorizing is 221 00:12:22,920 --> 00:12:26,040 Speaker 1: how did vampire bats come to drink blood? And you 222 00:12:26,080 --> 00:12:29,760 Speaker 1: get into this situation of well, perhaps they were they 223 00:12:29,760 --> 00:12:32,480 Speaker 1: were cleaning up wounds of mega fauna, or they were 224 00:12:32,480 --> 00:12:35,319 Speaker 1: praying on parasites of megafauna. So you kind of get 225 00:12:35,320 --> 00:12:39,200 Speaker 1: into this position where the the the organism eventually just 226 00:12:39,240 --> 00:12:41,720 Speaker 1: cuts out the middleman. Why am I? Why am I 227 00:12:41,840 --> 00:12:45,840 Speaker 1: eating these these blood inflated ticks when I could just 228 00:12:45,920 --> 00:12:49,319 Speaker 1: drink the blood of the of the of the mammoth 229 00:12:49,720 --> 00:12:51,760 Speaker 1: or what have you. A. Right, it's big enough, it 230 00:12:51,760 --> 00:12:55,960 Speaker 1: won't notice. Yeah, that's interesting. So we ask our questions, 231 00:12:56,000 --> 00:12:58,000 Speaker 1: why is it funny? Why is it important? Things are 232 00:12:58,040 --> 00:13:01,640 Speaker 1: always funnier when you explain why they're funny. Uh, this 233 00:13:01,679 --> 00:13:06,120 Speaker 1: is funny because human blood is hilarious and why why 234 00:13:06,200 --> 00:13:10,400 Speaker 1: is it important? Obviously, human incursion and into natural habitats 235 00:13:10,440 --> 00:13:13,679 Speaker 1: has consequences. We should think about what those consequences are. 236 00:13:13,960 --> 00:13:15,880 Speaker 1: I think it's interesting that, as far as I know, 237 00:13:16,040 --> 00:13:19,360 Speaker 1: the people this blood came from have not been identified, Like, 238 00:13:19,600 --> 00:13:22,720 Speaker 1: I don't know who this who the humans supplying these 239 00:13:22,720 --> 00:13:26,559 Speaker 1: bats with meals are, But these bats are drinking human blood. 240 00:13:26,679 --> 00:13:31,080 Speaker 1: Someone very anemic chicken farmer? Yeah? Um. I mean. The 241 00:13:31,080 --> 00:13:33,080 Speaker 1: other thing is it's funny because it's it's a hairy 242 00:13:33,120 --> 00:13:38,199 Speaker 1: legged bat. The hairy legged bat just sounds hilarious, harry 243 00:13:38,240 --> 00:13:41,800 Speaker 1: legged bat in the Henderson's all right, well, we're gonna 244 00:13:41,840 --> 00:13:44,120 Speaker 1: take a quick break, drink some blood, and then we'll 245 00:13:44,160 --> 00:13:49,680 Speaker 1: be right back for more ignobles. Thank alright, we're back. 246 00:13:50,120 --> 00:13:55,360 Speaker 1: So we're just talking about devouring blood, which sounds I mean, 247 00:13:56,440 --> 00:14:00,480 Speaker 1: somewhat appetizing. Maybe not the best as are you guys 248 00:14:00,520 --> 00:14:02,880 Speaker 1: disgusted by the idea of drinking blood? I don't know. 249 00:14:02,960 --> 00:14:04,560 Speaker 1: I mean, if you have a blood funnel, why not 250 00:14:04,640 --> 00:14:07,360 Speaker 1: use it? Well, yeah, I mean it's certainly find for 251 00:14:07,360 --> 00:14:10,080 Speaker 1: a vampire bat. I find that you Yeah, I find 252 00:14:10,080 --> 00:14:13,800 Speaker 1: that the prospect kind of disgusting. I mean in the past, 253 00:14:14,240 --> 00:14:17,960 Speaker 1: I'm not I haven't been opposed to having pretty red meat, 254 00:14:18,520 --> 00:14:21,520 Speaker 1: and I think once a year I'll have have some 255 00:14:21,560 --> 00:14:24,240 Speaker 1: sort of like a steak that it has a fair 256 00:14:24,280 --> 00:14:26,320 Speaker 1: amount of blood in it, but the idea of like 257 00:14:26,400 --> 00:14:29,680 Speaker 1: drinking it like scenes in movies where human drinks blood, 258 00:14:29,720 --> 00:14:33,320 Speaker 1: like I'm thinking of. I think the movie Chronos and 259 00:14:33,360 --> 00:14:36,360 Speaker 1: also the vampire movie Habit both had scenes in which 260 00:14:36,360 --> 00:14:38,800 Speaker 1: someone drinks the juice out of a out of a 261 00:14:38,920 --> 00:14:40,960 Speaker 1: steak from the grocery store, you know where they like 262 00:14:41,040 --> 00:14:43,840 Speaker 1: they drink, just drink the red liquid. We should clarify, 263 00:14:44,000 --> 00:14:46,600 Speaker 1: that's not blood, that's myoglobin, that's right. So they're not 264 00:14:46,640 --> 00:14:49,960 Speaker 1: even doing it right, these poor vampires. So then related 265 00:14:50,160 --> 00:14:52,760 Speaker 1: to how disgusting that is to you, how do you 266 00:14:52,800 --> 00:14:57,040 Speaker 1: feel about cheese? Oh, cheese is awesome. Is there any 267 00:14:57,120 --> 00:15:02,080 Speaker 1: cheese you guys won't eat? Um? Neither. I'm not a 268 00:15:02,080 --> 00:15:07,920 Speaker 1: big fan of cheese. Whiz well that's the products. I love. 269 00:15:08,480 --> 00:15:12,520 Speaker 1: All cheese, even the really stinky cheese, blue cheese, goat cheese, feta, 270 00:15:12,640 --> 00:15:15,200 Speaker 1: you name it. I love cheese. It's part of my 271 00:15:15,360 --> 00:15:19,360 Speaker 1: I'm a cheese addict. My favorite is the smoked accept 272 00:15:19,440 --> 00:15:23,040 Speaker 1: pic cheese that comes from sheep milk and zacapona poland 273 00:15:23,120 --> 00:15:27,440 Speaker 1: it's so good, It's really good. This next study is 274 00:15:27,560 --> 00:15:31,960 Speaker 1: all about people being disgusted by cheese and it is 275 00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:36,000 Speaker 1: called the Neural Bases of Disgust for Cheese and F 276 00:15:36,200 --> 00:15:39,640 Speaker 1: M R I study. Well, that does make me think 277 00:15:39,640 --> 00:15:42,760 Speaker 1: about how cheese is a is a largely cultural thing. 278 00:15:42,880 --> 00:15:46,440 Speaker 1: Like there are cultural cuisines that really do not include 279 00:15:46,520 --> 00:15:48,400 Speaker 1: cheese at all. Indeed, I mean you go to a 280 00:15:48,480 --> 00:15:50,680 Speaker 1: Chinese restaurant, you're not going to find a lot of 281 00:15:50,760 --> 00:15:53,080 Speaker 1: cheese on the menu. Now that being said, I believe 282 00:15:53,120 --> 00:15:56,000 Speaker 1: there are there are some regional Chinese cuisines that have 283 00:15:57,200 --> 00:16:00,280 Speaker 1: dairy products in them, some form of cheese. But about 284 00:16:00,320 --> 00:16:02,200 Speaker 1: if you wanted to put some shredded cheese on my 285 00:16:02,240 --> 00:16:06,040 Speaker 1: low mane, I wouldn't mind. It does sound kind of gross. Somehow, 286 00:16:06,120 --> 00:16:09,480 Speaker 1: you can do anything Greeno style exactly everything. Well, I'd 287 00:16:09,480 --> 00:16:12,520 Speaker 1: ask Chinese listeners out there, do you find cheese revolting? 288 00:16:12,680 --> 00:16:15,000 Speaker 1: Let us know, so that actually comes into play here, 289 00:16:15,080 --> 00:16:21,320 Speaker 1: not specifically China, but regional you know, cultural tastes for cheese. Okay, 290 00:16:21,360 --> 00:16:23,840 Speaker 1: and it's coming up. But the researchers on this paper 291 00:16:23,880 --> 00:16:28,800 Speaker 1: were specifically interested in studying disgusted and discussed, as defined 292 00:16:28,880 --> 00:16:32,560 Speaker 1: by Charles Darwin in eighteen seventy two as a basic 293 00:16:32,600 --> 00:16:38,080 Speaker 1: emotion that's characterized by peculiar facial expressions, action of distancing 294 00:16:38,080 --> 00:16:44,320 Speaker 1: oneself from the offending object, and distinctive physiological manifestations like 295 00:16:45,000 --> 00:16:49,160 Speaker 1: nausea or revulsion. You know, I have to say that 296 00:16:49,160 --> 00:16:51,880 Speaker 1: when it comes to the cheese smell, and I'm I'm 297 00:16:51,960 --> 00:16:54,400 Speaker 1: very picky about this, Like I don't like people talking 298 00:16:54,440 --> 00:16:58,240 Speaker 1: about stinky cheeses, I because I think you're you're putting 299 00:16:58,240 --> 00:17:01,840 Speaker 1: a label on it that is that is daring everyone 300 00:17:01,880 --> 00:17:08,320 Speaker 1: to find other people. I mean, yeah, I like fragrant cheeses. 301 00:17:08,600 --> 00:17:09,879 Speaker 1: At the same time, I realized that a lot of 302 00:17:09,880 --> 00:17:13,360 Speaker 1: people use the term stinky cheese um in a positive way, 303 00:17:13,400 --> 00:17:15,199 Speaker 1: like that's a term of endearment for them. So I 304 00:17:15,200 --> 00:17:17,840 Speaker 1: don't mean to judge your your language. No, it's just 305 00:17:17,920 --> 00:17:20,040 Speaker 1: I don't really call them that either. It's just kind 306 00:17:20,040 --> 00:17:22,480 Speaker 1: of what I've heard people who are disgusted by cheese 307 00:17:22,560 --> 00:17:24,840 Speaker 1: or first but but I have heard it used lovingly. Now. 308 00:17:24,880 --> 00:17:27,600 Speaker 1: At the same time, I feel like that the specific 309 00:17:27,640 --> 00:17:31,800 Speaker 1: aroma of cheese. It is very contextual. So and I'm 310 00:17:31,800 --> 00:17:35,639 Speaker 1: even participated in sort of like mild studies of this, 311 00:17:35,760 --> 00:17:37,440 Speaker 1: you know, you know, the kind of thing that they'll 312 00:17:37,440 --> 00:17:39,560 Speaker 1: do it like World Science Festival where everybody smells a 313 00:17:39,680 --> 00:17:42,440 Speaker 1: tab of something. If you if you smell the cheese 314 00:17:42,480 --> 00:17:46,359 Speaker 1: smell while eating cheese, it feels perfectly natural. If you 315 00:17:46,400 --> 00:17:49,640 Speaker 1: smell the cheese smell while changing like your son's shoes, 316 00:17:50,080 --> 00:17:53,680 Speaker 1: of which I have encountered this, it's revolting because that's 317 00:17:53,720 --> 00:17:56,720 Speaker 1: not where it should be, right. Yeah, I think you 318 00:17:56,720 --> 00:17:59,640 Speaker 1: could even use just linguistic priming, Like if you smell 319 00:17:59,720 --> 00:18:03,440 Speaker 1: blue cheese while you're thinking about blue cheese and that's all, 320 00:18:03,520 --> 00:18:06,240 Speaker 1: it probably smells good. If you smell blue cheese and 321 00:18:06,280 --> 00:18:09,520 Speaker 1: somebody calls it armpit cheese, I think that will probably 322 00:18:09,560 --> 00:18:12,520 Speaker 1: cause you to recoil. Now, another case where I see 323 00:18:12,560 --> 00:18:15,440 Speaker 1: something like this is with dury and fruit. Your fruit 324 00:18:15,600 --> 00:18:18,760 Speaker 1: kind of smells like cheese, but a lot of people 325 00:18:18,760 --> 00:18:20,840 Speaker 1: are really turned off by durian fruit because it is 326 00:18:20,880 --> 00:18:22,879 Speaker 1: a fruit and it does not seem like it should 327 00:18:22,880 --> 00:18:26,680 Speaker 1: have this aroma. Yeah, I, as many of our listeners know, 328 00:18:26,800 --> 00:18:29,000 Speaker 1: and you guys know, I grew up in Singapore Durian 329 00:18:29,080 --> 00:18:32,680 Speaker 1: is quite popular the candy out of dry. Yeah, and 330 00:18:33,160 --> 00:18:35,040 Speaker 1: when I was living over there, you could get dury 331 00:18:35,040 --> 00:18:41,159 Speaker 1: and milkshakes from the McDonald's over there. No, I find 332 00:18:41,359 --> 00:18:44,879 Speaker 1: dury and gross multiple levels. It smells like you're into me. 333 00:18:45,240 --> 00:18:48,760 Speaker 1: But then also, have you ever like cut dury in before? 334 00:18:48,800 --> 00:18:52,560 Speaker 1: It's a strange object. It's like this big spiny object 335 00:18:52,600 --> 00:18:55,440 Speaker 1: and globes sort of. Yeah, when you open it up, 336 00:18:55,480 --> 00:18:57,720 Speaker 1: the insides of it look like the insides of a 337 00:18:57,960 --> 00:19:01,280 Speaker 1: of a not a plant. It looks like a cow's 338 00:19:01,400 --> 00:19:04,040 Speaker 1: organs just spilled out of this thing. Well, I think 339 00:19:04,080 --> 00:19:08,800 Speaker 1: it should be classified as an outdoor cheese fruit because 340 00:19:09,119 --> 00:19:11,719 Speaker 1: you don't eat it indoors necessarily. And this is from me. 341 00:19:11,960 --> 00:19:14,359 Speaker 1: This is from a Western perspective that someone who hasn't 342 00:19:14,359 --> 00:19:16,720 Speaker 1: grown up with it and have a cultural appreciation for it. 343 00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:19,640 Speaker 1: But I think I'm perfectly okay with it at an 344 00:19:19,640 --> 00:19:23,600 Speaker 1: outdoor scenario where I know that it is during Yeah, yeah, 345 00:19:23,720 --> 00:19:25,600 Speaker 1: I think so too. And if you want to experiment, 346 00:19:25,640 --> 00:19:27,840 Speaker 1: I think it's worth checking out as well. Try it. 347 00:19:28,280 --> 00:19:30,800 Speaker 1: But here's the thing is, you guys actually just like 348 00:19:30,840 --> 00:19:34,600 Speaker 1: anecdotally talking about your your cheese experiences, just now hit 349 00:19:34,680 --> 00:19:36,320 Speaker 1: on a couple of the points that we're going to 350 00:19:36,400 --> 00:19:40,359 Speaker 1: find in this study, because these researchers focused on sensory 351 00:19:40,440 --> 00:19:44,880 Speaker 1: factors and not just smell, and they also considered how 352 00:19:45,000 --> 00:19:49,760 Speaker 1: discussed can be a conditioned a version, So specifically, they 353 00:19:49,800 --> 00:19:52,600 Speaker 1: were looking at disgust of food and that was interesting 354 00:19:52,640 --> 00:19:56,480 Speaker 1: to them because studies on food aversion are apparently rare, 355 00:19:57,359 --> 00:20:01,320 Speaker 1: and the reason why is because there's ethical issues associated 356 00:20:01,400 --> 00:20:06,080 Speaker 1: with experimental induction of the gastro intestinal system. So if 357 00:20:06,119 --> 00:20:09,520 Speaker 1: you cause somebody gastro intestinal pain as part of a 358 00:20:09,600 --> 00:20:12,000 Speaker 1: study and then you're trying to figure out if they're 359 00:20:12,040 --> 00:20:14,600 Speaker 1: a you know, they have an aversion to that food, 360 00:20:14,840 --> 00:20:17,440 Speaker 1: there's some ethical issues, so it's hard to get approval 361 00:20:17,480 --> 00:20:21,200 Speaker 1: for studies that are designed to make people feel nausea. Yeah. Yeah, 362 00:20:21,440 --> 00:20:25,960 Speaker 1: So they turned to cheese. Their first task was to 363 00:20:26,080 --> 00:20:30,200 Speaker 1: estimate what proportion of individuals are actually disgusted by cheese, 364 00:20:30,240 --> 00:20:33,159 Speaker 1: and then they aimed to compare the brain activities of 365 00:20:33,240 --> 00:20:37,080 Speaker 1: people with aversion to cheese with those who commonly eat cheese. 366 00:20:37,560 --> 00:20:41,760 Speaker 1: And they used functional magnetic resonance imaging to do this 367 00:20:41,840 --> 00:20:43,440 Speaker 1: and from now and I'll refer to that as f 368 00:20:43,560 --> 00:20:47,439 Speaker 1: m R. I their hypothesis was that several areas of 369 00:20:47,440 --> 00:20:51,600 Speaker 1: the brain would be activated depending on if the participant 370 00:20:51,600 --> 00:20:54,760 Speaker 1: was either pro cheese or anti cheese. And these people, 371 00:20:55,440 --> 00:20:58,280 Speaker 1: these people were talking about here, whether they're pro or anti. 372 00:20:58,359 --> 00:21:01,240 Speaker 1: They claim to be able to detect cheese in a 373 00:21:01,400 --> 00:21:05,359 Speaker 1: room solely based on its odor. So they gathered a 374 00:21:05,480 --> 00:21:08,840 Speaker 1: hundred and forty five French men and a hundred and 375 00:21:08,840 --> 00:21:13,560 Speaker 1: eighty seven French women using newspaper ads and flyers. Then 376 00:21:13,560 --> 00:21:16,800 Speaker 1: they asked these people to complete a questionnaire evaluating just 377 00:21:17,040 --> 00:21:20,879 Speaker 1: general food items, and they broke them up into multiple 378 00:21:20,920 --> 00:21:24,320 Speaker 1: groups of fifteen which were either pro cheese or anti 379 00:21:24,400 --> 00:21:27,920 Speaker 1: cheese groups. There were anti cheese French people. It really 380 00:21:27,920 --> 00:21:31,040 Speaker 1: breaks the stereotype. This is important to this study and 381 00:21:31,280 --> 00:21:35,280 Speaker 1: surprising right. The groups were matched in age, and the 382 00:21:35,320 --> 00:21:40,000 Speaker 1: participants were checked for ola factory impairments and detection ability. 383 00:21:40,080 --> 00:21:47,840 Speaker 1: So for stimuli, they used six cheese varieties blue cheddar goat, 384 00:21:48,480 --> 00:21:53,480 Speaker 1: gre air, parmesan, and then is it pronounced tomay? I'm 385 00:21:53,480 --> 00:21:56,080 Speaker 1: not I don't know this one. Actually don't know that cheese. 386 00:21:56,119 --> 00:21:57,840 Speaker 1: I don't know it either, but it's t O M 387 00:21:58,080 --> 00:22:00,679 Speaker 1: m e, so maybe that's a French cheese. Were unaware 388 00:22:00,680 --> 00:22:05,240 Speaker 1: of over here, they diluted these cheeses the odorance of 389 00:22:05,320 --> 00:22:08,920 Speaker 1: them in mineral oil down to ten percent in volume, 390 00:22:09,400 --> 00:22:12,720 Speaker 1: and then five million liters of that solution was absorbed 391 00:22:12,760 --> 00:22:16,480 Speaker 1: into a squeeze bottle with a dropper. Then they used 392 00:22:16,600 --> 00:22:22,439 Speaker 1: an airflow old factometer to deliver a continuous stimuli that 393 00:22:22,560 --> 00:22:27,119 Speaker 1: was synchronized with the person's breathing through a standard oxygen mask. 394 00:22:27,720 --> 00:22:32,119 Speaker 1: These participants could provide five logic signals with their hands, 395 00:22:32,119 --> 00:22:34,800 Speaker 1: so they had like a little like controller uh and 396 00:22:34,880 --> 00:22:38,159 Speaker 1: it basically indicated how pleasant or unpleasant their experience was. 397 00:22:38,800 --> 00:22:43,520 Speaker 1: And they also had their behavioral responses measured, their stimulation 398 00:22:43,600 --> 00:22:47,160 Speaker 1: onset measured, and then the trigger signals were measured from 399 00:22:47,280 --> 00:22:51,240 Speaker 1: the m r I that was recording them. They first 400 00:22:51,359 --> 00:22:53,919 Speaker 1: tested this out while these people were in what they 401 00:22:53,920 --> 00:22:57,400 Speaker 1: called the hunger state with normal food odors, not just cheese, 402 00:22:57,800 --> 00:23:01,719 Speaker 1: and then again with odor, and then pictures followed up 403 00:23:01,760 --> 00:23:04,080 Speaker 1: by them. So they wanted to see if like is 404 00:23:04,119 --> 00:23:07,080 Speaker 1: the odor accompanied by visual going to make a difference 405 00:23:07,119 --> 00:23:09,639 Speaker 1: here the hunger state. What they meant here was that 406 00:23:09,680 --> 00:23:11,960 Speaker 1: these people had only had a light breakfast of either 407 00:23:12,000 --> 00:23:15,199 Speaker 1: tear coffee and just one single slice of bread, and 408 00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:19,600 Speaker 1: the researchers hypothesized that the anti cheese subjects would answer 409 00:23:19,640 --> 00:23:22,840 Speaker 1: far more quickly than the pro cheese subject because they 410 00:23:22,920 --> 00:23:27,080 Speaker 1: knew they disliked cheese. Okay, here's what their findings were. 411 00:23:27,880 --> 00:23:33,120 Speaker 1: That a higher proportion of people who disliked cheese existed 412 00:23:33,440 --> 00:23:36,880 Speaker 1: than other food categories. It was thirty six point nine 413 00:23:36,920 --> 00:23:41,199 Speaker 1: percent of the people they studied disliked cheese. Some of 414 00:23:41,240 --> 00:23:45,320 Speaker 1: these people reported that they had family particularity with cheese. 415 00:23:45,359 --> 00:23:48,400 Speaker 1: In fact, that meant that up to six family members 416 00:23:48,440 --> 00:23:52,280 Speaker 1: related to them also disliked cheese. The other foods that 417 00:23:52,359 --> 00:23:55,720 Speaker 1: received low scores were mainly because of dietary habits, and 418 00:23:55,720 --> 00:23:59,600 Speaker 1: this is interesting like vegetarianism. So for instance, back to 419 00:23:59,640 --> 00:24:03,639 Speaker 1: our thing, if you're a vegetarian and they missed a 420 00:24:03,920 --> 00:24:07,679 Speaker 1: steak ooze into your face, you might have had a 421 00:24:07,720 --> 00:24:09,560 Speaker 1: bad reaction to that in the same way some of 422 00:24:09,560 --> 00:24:12,840 Speaker 1: these people did with cheese. Okay, But there was no 423 00:24:12,960 --> 00:24:17,240 Speaker 1: significant difference observed between the two groups, the pro cheese 424 00:24:17,240 --> 00:24:20,199 Speaker 1: and the anti cheese when they were just stimulated by 425 00:24:20,200 --> 00:24:23,480 Speaker 1: odors only. So if they had cheese blasted in their face, 426 00:24:23,560 --> 00:24:26,159 Speaker 1: there wasn't a difference. But if they had cheese blaster 427 00:24:26,240 --> 00:24:28,720 Speaker 1: in their face and they saw pictures of the cheese, 428 00:24:28,920 --> 00:24:32,399 Speaker 1: then there was a difference. So visual reference seems to 429 00:24:32,400 --> 00:24:35,360 Speaker 1: be really important here, and that kind of ties back 430 00:24:35,359 --> 00:24:37,359 Speaker 1: to what you guys were talking about earlier, right, like 431 00:24:37,440 --> 00:24:40,439 Speaker 1: what you're seeing. If it's your son's shoe and it 432 00:24:40,480 --> 00:24:43,040 Speaker 1: smells like cheese, that's gonna make a big difference. Right. 433 00:24:44,080 --> 00:24:47,800 Speaker 1: So what's interesting here is this goes against reports that 434 00:24:47,920 --> 00:24:51,840 Speaker 1: odor has an emotional impact on memory, and it actually 435 00:24:51,880 --> 00:24:55,119 Speaker 1: suggests that odor on its own is insufficient to trigger 436 00:24:55,200 --> 00:24:59,439 Speaker 1: disgust reactions. Perhaps what's going on here is it's the 437 00:24:59,480 --> 00:25:05,040 Speaker 1: subject conception of cheese rather than the actual sensory properties 438 00:25:05,080 --> 00:25:09,760 Speaker 1: of cheese that give it a disgusting value. That's odd, yeah, 439 00:25:09,880 --> 00:25:12,760 Speaker 1: isn't it. It's kind of you know, I have to 440 00:25:12,800 --> 00:25:15,639 Speaker 1: say when when I am smelling my sun's shoe and 441 00:25:15,680 --> 00:25:18,120 Speaker 1: it smells like cheese, I mean, I'm kind of giving 442 00:25:18,119 --> 00:25:20,879 Speaker 1: it away right there. I am interpreting the smell is 443 00:25:20,960 --> 00:25:23,360 Speaker 1: that of cheese in a place where cheese should not be. 444 00:25:23,560 --> 00:25:26,280 Speaker 1: That's the thing that should not be the monster. Whereas 445 00:25:26,280 --> 00:25:29,199 Speaker 1: if I was thinking of it more appropriately, you know, 446 00:25:29,240 --> 00:25:31,240 Speaker 1: what if I was thinking of what I am actually 447 00:25:31,280 --> 00:25:34,800 Speaker 1: smelling Without bringing cheese into the scenario, it would be 448 00:25:35,160 --> 00:25:38,240 Speaker 1: perhaps it would be a different experience altogether. Yeah, yeah, absolutely, 449 00:25:38,240 --> 00:25:41,000 Speaker 1: I know what you're talking about. So that was just 450 00:25:41,080 --> 00:25:44,359 Speaker 1: like their behavioral observations. Then they looked at these f 451 00:25:44,800 --> 00:25:47,600 Speaker 1: m R eyes and they showed that there was a 452 00:25:47,680 --> 00:25:52,280 Speaker 1: stronger activation of the g P I slash GPE and 453 00:25:52,760 --> 00:25:57,120 Speaker 1: s N areas of the brain in people who dislike cheese. 454 00:25:57,160 --> 00:25:59,320 Speaker 1: So okay, that kind of went along with it. They 455 00:25:59,320 --> 00:26:01,680 Speaker 1: thought that they would you some you know, reactions there. 456 00:26:01,920 --> 00:26:04,960 Speaker 1: They also found that a lack of desire to eat 457 00:26:05,320 --> 00:26:09,480 Speaker 1: cheese was associated with a lack of activation in the 458 00:26:09,600 --> 00:26:14,439 Speaker 1: VP area, which is a core brain structure in incentive motivation. 459 00:26:14,840 --> 00:26:20,840 Speaker 1: So subsequently they proposed that the motivation related activation in 460 00:26:20,880 --> 00:26:25,320 Speaker 1: our brains is suppressed in people who are anti cheese 461 00:26:25,840 --> 00:26:28,600 Speaker 1: because of their disgust for cheese, that just in general, 462 00:26:29,040 --> 00:26:32,879 Speaker 1: they won't be motivated, so your brain doesn't get turned on. Yeah, 463 00:26:33,119 --> 00:26:36,520 Speaker 1: don't get it now. And it's not just about the cheese, 464 00:26:36,520 --> 00:26:40,960 Speaker 1: it's about anything else that's around you. Yeah, so here, okay, 465 00:26:41,200 --> 00:26:42,960 Speaker 1: you guys were talking about France and how this is 466 00:26:43,000 --> 00:26:47,080 Speaker 1: kind of weird, right, Yeah, their survey showed six percent 467 00:26:47,160 --> 00:26:51,160 Speaker 1: of the French population dislikes cheese more than any other 468 00:26:51,320 --> 00:26:55,719 Speaker 1: food category. That's way lower than their finding of thirty 469 00:26:55,760 --> 00:26:58,720 Speaker 1: six point nine percent in the lab. So they're like, 470 00:26:58,720 --> 00:27:01,320 Speaker 1: wait a minute, what's going on. This especially interesting because 471 00:27:01,560 --> 00:27:05,240 Speaker 1: here in France, the country has the greatest variety of 472 00:27:05,320 --> 00:27:08,480 Speaker 1: cheeses in the world and has the highest level of 473 00:27:08,560 --> 00:27:11,640 Speaker 1: cheese consumption in the world. I think of France's cheese 474 00:27:11,840 --> 00:27:15,240 Speaker 1: cheese City, USA, like, I've never visited France, but I 475 00:27:15,280 --> 00:27:17,320 Speaker 1: know that if I get to one day, I will 476 00:27:17,320 --> 00:27:21,240 Speaker 1: eat a lot of cheese. Yeah, the world. So this 477 00:27:21,280 --> 00:27:25,000 Speaker 1: is fascinating. It seems that like more people actually are 478 00:27:25,160 --> 00:27:29,160 Speaker 1: repulsed by the smell and visuals of cheese than report 479 00:27:29,240 --> 00:27:31,919 Speaker 1: they are. There's something going on here. They also found 480 00:27:32,200 --> 00:27:35,720 Speaker 1: sixty of the people who said they dislike cheese dislike 481 00:27:35,800 --> 00:27:38,240 Speaker 1: cheese in all of its forms. It's not like they're 482 00:27:38,240 --> 00:27:41,119 Speaker 1: just like I don't like blue cheese. These sixty just 483 00:27:41,400 --> 00:27:45,440 Speaker 1: don't like any cheese. Eighteen percent of the people who 484 00:27:45,480 --> 00:27:48,639 Speaker 1: said that they had a milk intolerance, so that makes sense. 485 00:27:49,359 --> 00:27:52,680 Speaker 1: So in conclusion, they found that a higher than expected 486 00:27:52,720 --> 00:27:56,760 Speaker 1: proportion of individuals are disgusted by cheese to the point 487 00:27:56,800 --> 00:27:59,560 Speaker 1: that they can't eat it. So this is interesting. There's 488 00:27:59,560 --> 00:28:02,440 Speaker 1: way more people at least in this study and in France. 489 00:28:02,520 --> 00:28:05,600 Speaker 1: We have to obviously do this culturally in different areas, 490 00:28:05,760 --> 00:28:09,480 Speaker 1: but the disgust seems to be actually encoded into the 491 00:28:09,600 --> 00:28:15,320 Speaker 1: brain and can subsequently suppress an individual's other motivations. You know, 492 00:28:15,400 --> 00:28:19,760 Speaker 1: I wonder how smelling cheese affects gambling behavior. There you go, right, 493 00:28:20,040 --> 00:28:22,960 Speaker 1: you make people inhale the smell of blue cheese while 494 00:28:23,000 --> 00:28:25,640 Speaker 1: they're gambling. You see what happens. So okay, why why 495 00:28:25,760 --> 00:28:28,119 Speaker 1: is this ignoble funny? Well, of course the idea of 496 00:28:28,119 --> 00:28:31,080 Speaker 1: people breathing in cheese and other smells they hate is 497 00:28:31,119 --> 00:28:33,400 Speaker 1: kind of amusing, right, especially like they've got these oxygen 498 00:28:33,440 --> 00:28:35,959 Speaker 1: masks on. Right, it's the d natured version of it. 499 00:28:36,000 --> 00:28:38,800 Speaker 1: That's even funnier that they like had to extract cheese 500 00:28:38,880 --> 00:28:41,560 Speaker 1: odor and pump it into their faces. Yeah, they could 501 00:28:41,560 --> 00:28:43,240 Speaker 1: have just put them in a mascot cost him and 502 00:28:43,280 --> 00:28:46,440 Speaker 1: they would have had the same effect. But but it 503 00:28:46,560 --> 00:28:50,320 Speaker 1: also cheese is inherently funny. The word cheese has that, Like, 504 00:28:50,520 --> 00:28:52,200 Speaker 1: I feel like there have been studies that have pointed 505 00:28:52,200 --> 00:28:54,840 Speaker 1: this out that or at least there. It has been 506 00:28:54,840 --> 00:28:59,400 Speaker 1: pointed out that the funnier words, uh, the most humorous 507 00:28:59,400 --> 00:29:01,360 Speaker 1: words in the English language, you're going to have the 508 00:29:01,480 --> 00:29:04,200 Speaker 1: chu uh kind of a sound of the sound is 509 00:29:04,240 --> 00:29:09,760 Speaker 1: gonna be like clown cheese, clown cheese. That's innately. I 510 00:29:09,760 --> 00:29:13,680 Speaker 1: wonder what pennymizes cheese smells like, Yeah, I wouldn't want 511 00:29:13,720 --> 00:29:16,960 Speaker 1: that cheese Texas chainsaw mask or nine clown cheese. Well, 512 00:29:17,000 --> 00:29:19,080 Speaker 1: they had cheese. It plays into that a lot. That's 513 00:29:19,080 --> 00:29:24,080 Speaker 1: probably so. But why is this study important? Well, it's 514 00:29:24,080 --> 00:29:26,880 Speaker 1: what I said earlier, because it's really rare to find 515 00:29:26,960 --> 00:29:29,640 Speaker 1: individuals who have the same type of food discussed. So 516 00:29:29,680 --> 00:29:33,080 Speaker 1: to find that like thirty basically thirty seven percent of 517 00:29:33,160 --> 00:29:36,760 Speaker 1: the population dislikes this one specific food is important. But 518 00:29:36,800 --> 00:29:40,600 Speaker 1: also it's really difficult to study this without triggering gastro 519 00:29:40,680 --> 00:29:42,720 Speaker 1: and testinal problems. So they found a way to do 520 00:29:42,760 --> 00:29:46,719 Speaker 1: this without like actually inflicting harm on these people. So 521 00:29:46,760 --> 00:29:50,280 Speaker 1: that's my cheese report. Why don't we take one more 522 00:29:50,320 --> 00:29:52,520 Speaker 1: break and then when we get back, Robert's got our 523 00:29:52,640 --> 00:29:57,960 Speaker 1: last ig Nobel study for us. All right, we're back, 524 00:29:58,560 --> 00:30:01,360 Speaker 1: So we have one left, and it is the obstetrics Prize. 525 00:30:01,560 --> 00:30:05,360 Speaker 1: He guys, ready for this, bring it forth into the world. Alright, 526 00:30:05,400 --> 00:30:07,120 Speaker 1: So I'm going to read you the title of the paper, 527 00:30:07,200 --> 00:30:09,360 Speaker 1: and in doing so, I'm going to answer the question 528 00:30:09,440 --> 00:30:13,400 Speaker 1: why the the Ignoble Prize committee found this funny. The 529 00:30:13,440 --> 00:30:19,040 Speaker 1: title is fetal facial expression in response to intro vaginal 530 00:30:19,200 --> 00:30:24,520 Speaker 1: music in mission. Oh music, emission, Yes, that is. I 531 00:30:24,560 --> 00:30:27,600 Speaker 1: don't think emission should be the verb for music. Shouldn't 532 00:30:27,640 --> 00:30:31,000 Speaker 1: it be like playing or well, wait, let's see if 533 00:30:31,040 --> 00:30:33,880 Speaker 1: we can guess what this is about without having so Okay, 534 00:30:33,920 --> 00:30:36,960 Speaker 1: I'm going to guess that this is looking at the 535 00:30:37,000 --> 00:30:41,120 Speaker 1: faces of fetus in utero. As you're I don't know, 536 00:30:41,240 --> 00:30:44,000 Speaker 1: you put like a bluetooth speaker up against like the 537 00:30:44,080 --> 00:30:47,120 Speaker 1: belly of the mother or something like that. Well, let's 538 00:30:48,600 --> 00:30:51,800 Speaker 1: you are not taking the premise far enough. Okay. Yeah, 539 00:30:51,840 --> 00:30:54,720 Speaker 1: this sounds like a speaker is inserted through the vagina 540 00:30:54,840 --> 00:30:58,320 Speaker 1: to play for the fetus in utero and then they 541 00:30:58,360 --> 00:31:01,920 Speaker 1: measure the fetus is face all expressions somehow exactly. Yeah, 542 00:31:01,960 --> 00:31:04,320 Speaker 1: I mean, the basic idea here is that if music 543 00:31:04,360 --> 00:31:08,000 Speaker 1: has an effect on the fetus, then and this is 544 00:31:08,040 --> 00:31:11,000 Speaker 1: just like playing music outside of the body or touching 545 00:31:11,000 --> 00:31:13,520 Speaker 1: the speaker to the belly. Uh, then wouldn't it make 546 00:31:13,560 --> 00:31:16,719 Speaker 1: more sense to get the speaker closer to baby and 547 00:31:16,760 --> 00:31:21,600 Speaker 1: then baby will react even more. Sounds like somebody's trying 548 00:31:21,600 --> 00:31:23,800 Speaker 1: to sell a product. I was gonna say, is there 549 00:31:23,800 --> 00:31:26,960 Speaker 1: a specific speaker that is built for this? Am I 550 00:31:27,040 --> 00:31:29,560 Speaker 1: just woefully unaware of this? Yeah, as the as the 551 00:31:29,560 --> 00:31:32,680 Speaker 1: Ignoble Prices point out, there was, there was a patent 552 00:31:32,720 --> 00:31:37,000 Speaker 1: filed in and you can currently buy a product called 553 00:31:37,000 --> 00:31:39,320 Speaker 1: baby Pod if you look them up, go to the 554 00:31:39,320 --> 00:31:42,880 Speaker 1: baby Pod website. They even proudly have their Ignoble Prize 555 00:31:42,920 --> 00:31:45,720 Speaker 1: like stamp of approval there to sell the product. I 556 00:31:45,760 --> 00:31:47,920 Speaker 1: have a look on my face right now that thirties 557 00:31:47,960 --> 00:31:51,080 Speaker 1: seven percent of people in France have when they sent paches. Well, well, 558 00:31:51,120 --> 00:31:52,920 Speaker 1: let's get into the into the study, let's get into 559 00:31:52,960 --> 00:31:55,040 Speaker 1: the science, and maybe it'll it'll change your mind a 560 00:31:55,080 --> 00:31:59,080 Speaker 1: little bit. So studies have found that fetuses can hear 561 00:31:59,160 --> 00:32:02,960 Speaker 1: sounds from the side world while in the womb. They 562 00:32:02,960 --> 00:32:05,960 Speaker 1: can even learn to recognize words in the in the womb, 563 00:32:05,960 --> 00:32:09,000 Speaker 1: and they can retain memories from this time after birth. 564 00:32:09,720 --> 00:32:12,760 Speaker 1: So into a two thousand thirteen University of Helsinki study 565 00:32:12,880 --> 00:32:15,680 Speaker 1: published in p os one found it playing music while 566 00:32:15,720 --> 00:32:20,239 Speaker 1: you're pregnant may influence your child's auditory system. It's just 567 00:32:20,360 --> 00:32:24,080 Speaker 1: that's just this this one study. But but building up here. 568 00:32:24,200 --> 00:32:27,880 Speaker 1: According to a two thousand fourteen Max Playing Institute study, 569 00:32:28,040 --> 00:32:30,440 Speaker 1: from twenty eight weeks that's the start of the third 570 00:32:30,440 --> 00:32:34,560 Speaker 1: trimester and pregnancy onward, the heart rate of the fetus 571 00:32:34,680 --> 00:32:37,800 Speaker 1: changes when it hears a familiar song, and from thirty 572 00:32:37,840 --> 00:32:40,360 Speaker 1: five weeks on there is, uh, there's even a change 573 00:32:40,400 --> 00:32:43,840 Speaker 1: in its movement patterns. So the fetus is dancing in 574 00:32:43,840 --> 00:32:47,080 Speaker 1: in a way. And if yeah, basically you're you're stimulating 575 00:32:47,120 --> 00:32:50,720 Speaker 1: the fetus, you're providing auditories, uh stimuli, and it is reacting. 576 00:32:50,920 --> 00:32:53,160 Speaker 1: Based on you know, my conversations with my friends who 577 00:32:53,160 --> 00:32:55,880 Speaker 1: have been pregnant, this doesn't sound surprising to me, Like 578 00:32:55,960 --> 00:32:59,480 Speaker 1: people believe that there the fetus in utero can hear 579 00:32:59,600 --> 00:33:04,400 Speaker 1: music like while they'red that Like we react to music too, yeah, 580 00:33:05,080 --> 00:33:08,560 Speaker 1: at that stage, I mean, yeah, obviously, yeah, yeah, I 581 00:33:08,600 --> 00:33:10,400 Speaker 1: mean you see a lot of this book playing music 582 00:33:10,520 --> 00:33:13,720 Speaker 1: for the fetus and then of course playing music for 583 00:33:13,800 --> 00:33:16,200 Speaker 1: the baby, for the infant. Once four friends who are 584 00:33:16,320 --> 00:33:19,160 Speaker 1: very specific about like what the playlists were that they 585 00:33:19,200 --> 00:33:21,640 Speaker 1: played for their kids, and like, like Brian Eno, I 586 00:33:21,720 --> 00:33:23,760 Speaker 1: think was like a really big thing. Well, okay, I 587 00:33:23,760 --> 00:33:25,760 Speaker 1: mean a lot of this relates to the parents, Like, yeah, 588 00:33:25,760 --> 00:33:27,600 Speaker 1: if if you're having to deal with the newborn baby 589 00:33:27,720 --> 00:33:30,400 Speaker 1: or the stress of paranacy, imagined some soothing ambient music 590 00:33:30,480 --> 00:33:32,120 Speaker 1: is great. I thought you were going to say a 591 00:33:32,120 --> 00:33:35,120 Speaker 1: lot of black flag so that's why I'm not allowed 592 00:33:35,160 --> 00:33:38,040 Speaker 1: to have kids now, I imagined a number of you 593 00:33:38,040 --> 00:33:41,360 Speaker 1: were thinking about the so called Mozart effect here. Uh 594 00:33:41,840 --> 00:33:44,360 Speaker 1: to remind everyone, this was proposed, and this was proposed 595 00:33:44,400 --> 00:33:48,880 Speaker 1: in a science journal paper. Um, and the ideas they 596 00:33:48,960 --> 00:33:52,080 Speaker 1: play classical music, specifically Mozart for a child, and it's 597 00:33:52,120 --> 00:33:56,080 Speaker 1: going to have give them cognitive benefits. I remember hearing 598 00:33:56,120 --> 00:33:59,760 Speaker 1: that people were questioning the mot There has been a 599 00:33:59,800 --> 00:34:03,320 Speaker 1: lot of questioning. Uh. So, first of all, everyone has 600 00:34:03,320 --> 00:34:05,760 Speaker 1: to remember that the effect in question in the original paper, 601 00:34:05,840 --> 00:34:09,040 Speaker 1: it's stemmed from the study of teen students, not babies, 602 00:34:09,040 --> 00:34:12,320 Speaker 1: not fetuses. And plus the effect in question was merely 603 00:34:12,320 --> 00:34:16,440 Speaker 1: an increase in performance on a specific spatial imagery task 604 00:34:16,680 --> 00:34:19,359 Speaker 1: and it only lasted for a few minutes. So for 605 00:34:19,440 --> 00:34:22,400 Speaker 1: the most part, the Mozart effect is largely dismissed as 606 00:34:22,400 --> 00:34:26,719 Speaker 1: a myth. That being said, again, if you were to 607 00:34:26,760 --> 00:34:31,280 Speaker 1: play music for a fetus, which undoubtedly, again it's audio 608 00:34:31,440 --> 00:34:35,919 Speaker 1: audio stimuli that generates a response, and uh, and there 609 00:34:35,960 --> 00:34:39,680 Speaker 1: are situations where that is certainly beneficial. Wouldn't they hear 610 00:34:39,719 --> 00:34:43,759 Speaker 1: it better if you put the speaker closer to the fetus. 611 00:34:43,800 --> 00:34:46,719 Speaker 1: And that's where this study comes in. I'm going to 612 00:34:46,800 --> 00:34:49,200 Speaker 1: read from you this is the the what I think 613 00:34:49,280 --> 00:34:52,120 Speaker 1: is a pretty straightforward approach. Quote. The main aim of 614 00:34:52,160 --> 00:34:55,360 Speaker 1: this study was to analyze fetal response to an acoustic 615 00:34:55,400 --> 00:34:58,840 Speaker 1: stimulus emitted by a device which, due to its location 616 00:34:58,920 --> 00:35:03,080 Speaker 1: and characteristics, might provide better sound intensity and quality. To 617 00:35:03,160 --> 00:35:06,080 Speaker 1: that end, we used a device specifically designed to emit 618 00:35:06,160 --> 00:35:09,920 Speaker 1: a melody or vibration from inside the mother's vagina. This 619 00:35:10,000 --> 00:35:13,280 Speaker 1: location is closest to the fetus, so there are fewer 620 00:35:13,320 --> 00:35:17,560 Speaker 1: obstacles to attenuate the acoustic waves. The secondary objective was 621 00:35:17,600 --> 00:35:21,319 Speaker 1: to identify quantifiable fetal movements that could be associated with 622 00:35:21,360 --> 00:35:24,520 Speaker 1: the acoustic stimulus. So you know, they're not getting into 623 00:35:24,600 --> 00:35:28,320 Speaker 1: any situation here. You know, Can we pipe music into 624 00:35:28,440 --> 00:35:32,400 Speaker 1: the womb and make babies smarter, et cetera. This is 625 00:35:32,520 --> 00:35:36,720 Speaker 1: very much based on just stimulating the fetus with sound 626 00:35:36,800 --> 00:35:40,040 Speaker 1: and or vibration. This is not a prelude to super 627 00:35:40,040 --> 00:35:43,839 Speaker 1: babies baby genuses too well, in a way, it's maybe 628 00:35:43,840 --> 00:35:45,880 Speaker 1: a prelude to that, but but it's not intentionally a 629 00:35:45,960 --> 00:35:48,560 Speaker 1: prelead to that in thing. So these are the findings 630 00:35:48,680 --> 00:35:52,720 Speaker 1: quote at present, our data appears to suggest to interpretations 631 00:35:52,719 --> 00:35:57,080 Speaker 1: that intravaginal application with fewer obstacles could be more effective 632 00:35:57,120 --> 00:35:59,919 Speaker 1: and transmitting music to the fetus, and that the feet 633 00:36:00,239 --> 00:36:03,960 Speaker 1: might perceive these higher frequencies at an earlier age than 634 00:36:04,080 --> 00:36:07,440 Speaker 1: reported to date. Now, Robert, you mentioned a product earlier. 635 00:36:07,480 --> 00:36:10,320 Speaker 1: I assume we're getting to that here. Yes, I mentioned 636 00:36:10,320 --> 00:36:13,359 Speaker 1: the baby Pod, which I've seen with a price tag 637 00:36:13,360 --> 00:36:16,000 Speaker 1: of around a hundred and thirty three dollars, And it 638 00:36:16,120 --> 00:36:18,919 Speaker 1: is essentially a speaker device you can plug into any 639 00:36:19,000 --> 00:36:21,359 Speaker 1: musical device. You can plug it into your phone, MP 640 00:36:21,440 --> 00:36:26,040 Speaker 1: three player speaker with the appropriate jack, turn table, yeah, turntable, 641 00:36:26,080 --> 00:36:29,600 Speaker 1: what you can get a DJ out there. It's a 642 00:36:29,600 --> 00:36:32,279 Speaker 1: an an FDA approved device. Uh, and it's sold with 643 00:36:32,360 --> 00:36:36,240 Speaker 1: the idea that will quote stimulate vocalization for babies with music. 644 00:36:36,320 --> 00:36:39,920 Speaker 1: So oh interesting, Okay, Yeah, so it's it's going beyond 645 00:36:40,239 --> 00:36:43,000 Speaker 1: this study and picking up on some of the results 646 00:36:43,040 --> 00:36:45,960 Speaker 1: of other studies that it made the argument that exposing 647 00:36:46,239 --> 00:36:50,359 Speaker 1: the unborn child to music will help in the the 648 00:36:50,520 --> 00:36:53,520 Speaker 1: development of vocalization. Got it so that they'll try to 649 00:36:53,560 --> 00:36:57,080 Speaker 1: like make accompanying noises? Yeah, okay. One of the things 650 00:36:57,080 --> 00:37:00,120 Speaker 1: here is that we are getting into the realm if 651 00:37:00,200 --> 00:37:06,440 Speaker 1: not only like parenting science, but parenting advice. And I mean, 652 00:37:06,480 --> 00:37:08,920 Speaker 1: even when something has a scientific has a scientific basis 653 00:37:08,960 --> 00:37:12,799 Speaker 1: to it, uh, it's often hard to really sort through 654 00:37:12,840 --> 00:37:16,040 Speaker 1: it all. I get the feeling that in parenting advice 655 00:37:16,280 --> 00:37:19,200 Speaker 1: and parenting in general, there is a whole lot of 656 00:37:19,360 --> 00:37:23,840 Speaker 1: overinterpretation of tenuous scientific results. That that is the that 657 00:37:23,960 --> 00:37:26,279 Speaker 1: is what I get from my experience with it. And 658 00:37:26,280 --> 00:37:28,200 Speaker 1: then of course, on top of that, there are a 659 00:37:28,239 --> 00:37:30,640 Speaker 1: lot of people with very firm ideas of like what 660 00:37:30,840 --> 00:37:33,840 Speaker 1: is good parenting and what is bad parenting? And um, 661 00:37:34,280 --> 00:37:36,479 Speaker 1: you know it's not always it's generally not as simple 662 00:37:36,480 --> 00:37:38,719 Speaker 1: as that for the most part. That being said, you know, 663 00:37:38,760 --> 00:37:41,360 Speaker 1: regardless of what may or may not be the benefits, 664 00:37:41,400 --> 00:37:44,200 Speaker 1: I can definitely see, you know, there's a benefit of 665 00:37:44,239 --> 00:37:46,799 Speaker 1: connecting with one's growing child like this. You know that 666 00:37:46,840 --> 00:37:49,200 Speaker 1: you're that you're you're playing music and you can see 667 00:37:49,200 --> 00:37:51,560 Speaker 1: a response. You know, there's something kind of magical about that. 668 00:37:52,360 --> 00:37:55,560 Speaker 1: UM as far as cognitive benefits go, I think that's 669 00:37:55,760 --> 00:37:58,080 Speaker 1: that's something that if we were to talk about it here, 670 00:37:58,120 --> 00:37:59,960 Speaker 1: we need to discuss it in more detail and draw 671 00:38:00,000 --> 00:38:02,120 Speaker 1: in more studies. But there have been a lot of 672 00:38:02,160 --> 00:38:07,200 Speaker 1: studies conducted about this. Uh, it's just difficult to really 673 00:38:07,239 --> 00:38:10,319 Speaker 1: boil it down to you know, just a few minutes now. 674 00:38:10,360 --> 00:38:12,040 Speaker 1: I would do want to drive already hit on why 675 00:38:12,120 --> 00:38:15,239 Speaker 1: this is funny obviously, but as to why it's important, well, 676 00:38:15,280 --> 00:38:18,360 Speaker 1: there is one one potential takeaway here that has nothing 677 00:38:18,400 --> 00:38:22,040 Speaker 1: to do with playing baby a song or you know, 678 00:38:22,120 --> 00:38:25,319 Speaker 1: Mozart music for babies and so so forth, and that 679 00:38:25,440 --> 00:38:28,280 Speaker 1: is that the researchers argue that the technology could also 680 00:38:28,320 --> 00:38:31,600 Speaker 1: be used to evoke arousal responses of the fet is, 681 00:38:31,640 --> 00:38:37,880 Speaker 1: to stimulate movements, to facilitate and shorten obstetric ultrasound examinations. 682 00:38:37,920 --> 00:38:40,319 Speaker 1: So the idea here is you're you're you're trying to 683 00:38:40,320 --> 00:38:42,760 Speaker 1: evoke responses and the feet is to determine its health. 684 00:38:43,320 --> 00:38:46,600 Speaker 1: And if you could reach the baby, you know, more 685 00:38:46,680 --> 00:38:51,239 Speaker 1: easily and perhaps earlier, through this method, then there there 686 00:38:51,239 --> 00:38:53,279 Speaker 1: would there might be a reason to just to use 687 00:38:53,280 --> 00:38:56,120 Speaker 1: it across the board. Yeah, well that's definitely got some 688 00:38:56,200 --> 00:39:00,000 Speaker 1: applications that are very important. Uh, you know what, Like now, 689 00:39:00,080 --> 00:39:02,080 Speaker 1: now I'm thinking of all these kinds of like ways 690 00:39:02,080 --> 00:39:04,279 Speaker 1: in which like further research needs to be done. Like 691 00:39:04,320 --> 00:39:06,480 Speaker 1: I wonder what midwives would have to say about this, 692 00:39:06,600 --> 00:39:09,480 Speaker 1: given their like, you know, experience and matters. And I 693 00:39:09,520 --> 00:39:11,560 Speaker 1: would be very interested to hear from anyone who's tried 694 00:39:11,600 --> 00:39:14,720 Speaker 1: out the baby pot or or if there's another similar device, 695 00:39:15,000 --> 00:39:18,480 Speaker 1: and just hear from you what your experiences were. Yeah. Well, 696 00:39:18,520 --> 00:39:21,319 Speaker 1: the best way to do that, although if you want 697 00:39:21,320 --> 00:39:23,399 Speaker 1: to do it privately, this might not be the best way. 698 00:39:23,440 --> 00:39:25,279 Speaker 1: But one way to do that is to reach out 699 00:39:25,280 --> 00:39:27,920 Speaker 1: to us on social media and you could do that 700 00:39:27,960 --> 00:39:32,520 Speaker 1: on Facebook, Twitter, Tumbler, or Instagram. What you could do 701 00:39:32,680 --> 00:39:35,960 Speaker 1: is also go to our website where there's lots of 702 00:39:36,320 --> 00:39:40,040 Speaker 1: potential music to play for babies on their why because 703 00:39:40,160 --> 00:39:43,600 Speaker 1: Robert blog posts all the time about space music. Yeah, 704 00:39:43,640 --> 00:39:47,120 Speaker 1: there's some eto in there. Yeah, definitely some good ambience 705 00:39:47,120 --> 00:39:50,800 Speaker 1: selections for baby. DJ food for the unborn. Yeah, um, 706 00:39:50,840 --> 00:39:53,200 Speaker 1: you know there was what's the name there was an 707 00:39:53,200 --> 00:39:55,400 Speaker 1: early synth guy that I've covered on there before that 708 00:39:55,480 --> 00:39:58,640 Speaker 1: actually they did. There's like a compilation of his work 709 00:39:58,680 --> 00:40:01,520 Speaker 1: for babies and well like or at least I can't 710 00:40:01,560 --> 00:40:03,360 Speaker 1: recall the artist stuff hand. I'm sure it'll come to 711 00:40:03,400 --> 00:40:05,200 Speaker 1: me later. Hey, and Enforced. If you'd like to get 712 00:40:05,239 --> 00:40:08,120 Speaker 1: in touch with us directly, as always, you can email 713 00:40:08,239 --> 00:40:11,200 Speaker 1: us at blow the Mind at how stuff works dot 714 00:40:11,239 --> 00:40:23,280 Speaker 1: com for more on this and thousands of other topics. 715 00:40:23,440 --> 00:40:47,680 Speaker 1: Does it how stuff works dot com