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Speaker 1: Hello friends, We will see you live in person somewhere

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Speaker 1: in the United States this year.

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Speaker 2: That's right to May twenty ninth. We're going to be

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Speaker 2: in Medford, mass. On the thirtieth, we're going to be

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Speaker 2: in Washington, DC, and then on May thirty first, right

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Speaker 2: there in New York City. In August, we're going to

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Speaker 2: hit Chicago, Minneapolis, and Indianapolis on August seventh, eighth, and ninth,

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Speaker 2: and then we're going to wind out the year in

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Speaker 2: Durham and Atlanta on September fifth and seventh.

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Speaker 1: You can get all the info and ticket links that

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Speaker 1: you need by going to linktree slash sysk Live or

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Speaker 1: going to our website Stuff youshould Know dot com and

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Speaker 1: clicking on the tour button.

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Speaker 2: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio.

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Speaker 1: Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh, and there's

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Speaker 1: Chuck and Jerry's here too, and this is stuff you

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Speaker 1: shouldn't So.

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Speaker 3: That's right.

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Speaker 1: Do people still say that?

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Speaker 3: Sure?

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Speaker 1: I mean I just did so. I guess somebody does.

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Speaker 2: I think of that every time I see one of those,

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Speaker 2: you know, pharma commercials are the worst.

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Speaker 1: Did they say Nizzo on that? A lot?

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Speaker 3: Well, sky Rizzy is Oh, yeah, I can't even remember

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Speaker 3: what it is.

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Speaker 1: I think it's for rheumatoid arthritis, like everything is for

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Speaker 1: rheumatoid arthritis.

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Speaker 2: All I know is whenever I see those commercials, I

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Speaker 2: just die laughing and think, what a terrible name.

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Speaker 1: So I know a lot of those jingles, and I

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Speaker 1: think sky Rizzies is nothing is everything?

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Speaker 3: And then still Doug comes in at the end.

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Speaker 1: Yeah he goes for shizzle with sky Rizzle. But yeah,

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Speaker 1: I've had that same thought too, and it is pretty funny.

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Speaker 3: All right, So enjoyed the free ad.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, Novo Nordisk, whoever you might be h. Yeah, we're

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Speaker 1: not talking talking about pharmaceuticals today, although I'm sure there's

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Speaker 1: plenty of pharmaceuticals floating around where in the area we

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Speaker 1: are talking about today, Okay, exactly, it's probably screwing the

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Speaker 1: frogs up something fierce.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, because we're talking.

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Speaker 1: Today about the Everglades and I know at least one

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Speaker 1: person who has been recently, and I'm sure thought it

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Speaker 1: was amazing, but they're in a lot of trouble. It

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Speaker 1: turns out there's a we've been monkeying with the Everglades

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Speaker 1: in for a century or so, and it is starting

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Speaker 1: to be like that is enough. I'm sick of this.

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Speaker 1: You guys better restore me or else I'm gone.

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Speaker 3: Were you talking about me? Yeah, okay, I didn't know.

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Speaker 3: I thought you might have known someone else who recently went.

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Speaker 1: You're the only human being I've ever met who's gone

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Speaker 1: to the Everglades.

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Speaker 3: That's not true.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, Emily's Emily's parents moved down that way or at

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Speaker 2: least yeah, part time.

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Speaker 1: Oh cool.

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Speaker 2: And we took a boat, an airboat tour of part

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Speaker 2: of the Everglades, a very tiny, tiny, tiny part obviously.

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Speaker 1: Hey, you sent Jerry and I a little video of

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Speaker 1: you on the airboat.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, riding Toothless. It's my first airboat experience.

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Speaker 1: What'd you think.

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Speaker 2: Well, they're super loud, so it's not like a relaxing

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Speaker 2: boat ride, not.

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Speaker 1: For you, not for the wildlife, not for anybody.

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Speaker 3: Yeah. I wondered about all that.

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Speaker 2: But I getting in the Everglades, and I had done

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Speaker 2: a previous probably one of the most amazing trips I

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Speaker 2: ever did was a three nighter in the Okefinocch Swamp.

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Speaker 2: So I've always been sort of entranced by swamp land.

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Speaker 2: And when I was down there, especially now that I'm older.

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Speaker 2: The okey pinoke thing was twenty something years ago. Sure,

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Speaker 2: I was like, you know, when you're older, you just

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Speaker 2: appreciate things a little more.

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Speaker 1: I think like that, Oh definitely, when you're a kid,

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Speaker 1: you don't know what the heck's going on.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, so I just marveled at the mainly the bird life, honestly,

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Speaker 2: Like the alligators were fine, but the birds is what

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Speaker 2: really are what really knocked me out. And you know,

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Speaker 2: like this is how we learn stuff. As we see stuff,

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Speaker 2: we think, oh, well, think I got a job where

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Speaker 2: I can actually learn that for you know, as part

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Speaker 2: of my weekly pay right. And so here we are,

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Speaker 2: and so here we are, and it was amazing and

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Speaker 2: I'm super excited about it.

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Speaker 1: Well, what questions did you have that made you want

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Speaker 1: to research the Everglades more?

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Speaker 2: I mean, just to know more about it. Our airboat

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Speaker 2: guy shout out to Kenny, like true interior Florida man.

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Speaker 2: But he knew a lot, it seemed like, and he

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Speaker 2: was giving us some pretty good information. I feel like

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Speaker 2: it wasn't just like driving us around. He was into it,

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Speaker 2: working for those tips, you know, sure, but just you know,

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Speaker 2: it was just a tip of the.

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Speaker 3: Mangrove, so to speak.

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Speaker 1: Very nice, thank you, and by the bye. Kenny is

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Speaker 1: such an interior Florida man. He once robbed a guest

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Speaker 1: with a snake. Has that, Yes, at least once? For sure?

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Speaker 3: That's pretty smart.

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Speaker 2: Actually, I'd give up the cash register if the one

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Speaker 2: put a snake in my base.

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Speaker 1: Sure for sure. So okay. So for those of you

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Speaker 1: who don't know, and there's probably plenty of you who

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Speaker 1: don't know exactly where the Everglades are, although I would

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Speaker 1: wager that you've heard of them, but they essentially are

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Speaker 1: a well, I wanted to say, a wetlands, but there is.

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Speaker 1: It's a patchwork of diverse ecosystems that are extremely unique,

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Speaker 1: peculiar to the southern half of Florida. Essentially, if you

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Speaker 1: want to talk geography and natural history, they go from

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Speaker 1: just below Orlando all the way down to the Florida Keys.

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Speaker 1: That's technically the Everglades. And then there's one strip from

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Speaker 1: about Palm Beach down to Miami of high ground that

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Speaker 1: holds the Everglades in place, and that represents the one

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Speaker 1: border aside from the top or the Gulf of Mexico

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Speaker 1: or the Florida keys is that bounds the Everglades. Does

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Speaker 1: that make sense?

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Speaker 2: Yeah, totally, And it's a part of what makes the

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Speaker 2: Everglades so unique. And you mentioned different ecosystems. There's a

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Speaker 2: bunch of overlapping ecosystems that don't normally overlap necessarily elsewhere

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Speaker 2: in the world, which is always gonna you know, anytime

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Speaker 2: you have brackish or salty watery mixing in in places

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Speaker 2: with fresh water, it's just going to create a unique environment.

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Speaker 2: And the Everglades are that. It is seminole for well, actually,

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Speaker 2: the Seminole name for everglades is pahe oki and it

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Speaker 2: means grassy waters. And they have called them grassy waters

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Speaker 2: various people or river glades for a long long time

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Speaker 2: until finally, in eighteen twenty three the word everglades first

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Speaker 2: appeared on a map.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, and everglades itself is just one of those words

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Speaker 1: you've heard so long you kind of take for granted

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Speaker 1: it's its own thing, but it actually has an English

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Speaker 1: meaning too. A glade is a big grassy opening in

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Speaker 1: a wooded area, and ever is kind of like a

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Speaker 1: short for forever, so it's like this endless glade and

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Speaker 1: what they're talking about is that river of grass. There's

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Speaker 1: actually a couple of what are called sloughs slu sl

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Speaker 1: o u g h is how it's pronounced in America,

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Speaker 1: or how it's spelled in America. You pronounce it slough

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Speaker 1: and you punctuate it with an eagles cry. And the

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Speaker 1: slews are kind of what most people probably think about

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Speaker 1: when they're thinking of the Everglades. It's it's wet, marshy,

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Speaker 1: wetland that's pretty much flooded year round, with a specific

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Speaker 1: kind of grass called sawgrass that can grow anywhere. You

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Speaker 1: could take some sawgrass to the moon and it'll be like, great, thanks,

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Speaker 1: I'm gonna drive here. It'll grow in the water, it'll

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Speaker 1: grow on dry land, it'll grow in saltwater, it'll grow

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Speaker 1: on rush water. It'll grow under basically any condition. And

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Speaker 1: so it's this flooded grassland that are really just a

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Speaker 1: couple of specific ecosystems that make up the Everglades. Are

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Speaker 1: what most people think of when they think Everglades, but

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Speaker 1: it's far from the complete picture.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, And when we were driving over those grasses and well,

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Speaker 2: you couldn't tell because they look like little roads through

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Speaker 2: their little wet roads. I was like are these here

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Speaker 2: because you drive over them? And he said yes, And

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Speaker 2: he said and I think he saw my frownie face,

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Speaker 2: but he said, man, this stuff drives up and grows

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Speaker 2: right back up and you'd never know any anyone was here. Yeah,

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Speaker 2: at least in this part. So you know, I still

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Speaker 2: say it was fairly disturbing at least a noise.

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Speaker 1: Well, it's less impactful than the other mode of transport

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Speaker 1: they use in very swampy areas called swamp buggies, which

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Speaker 1: are just have these huge tires that you can't possibly

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Speaker 1: get stuck in. Those definitely are more disruptive to the

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Speaker 1: ecosystem than an airboat.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, And I was, I mean, every time he stopped

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Speaker 2: and turned that engine off, I would look down and

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Speaker 2: I was like, Kenny, brother, we're in three inches of water. Yeah,

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Speaker 2: And he said, it doesn't take much. Man, he just

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Speaker 2: goosed this thing and it'll get you going.

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Speaker 1: Yeah.

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Speaker 2: And also every time he stopped it and then would

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Speaker 2: re crank that you know, it sounds like an airplane motor.

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Speaker 2: It kind of is. I guess I was. All I

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Speaker 2: could think of was please start.

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Speaker 1: Oh, yeah, for sure, because it's a little.

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Speaker 2: Like there's something about swamps when I was in the

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Speaker 2: Oke Pinoki. It's the same thing, and it's not just alligators.

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Speaker 2: But I think it's just not being able to see

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Speaker 2: into the water, you know, because that water looks like,

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Speaker 2: you know, brood iced tea. There's just something scary. Like

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Speaker 2: when I was a kid, I remember thinking there was

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Speaker 2: nothing scarier than because I'd seen a lot of movies

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Speaker 2: like set in swamps and stuff. I was like, there's

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Speaker 2: nothing scarier. If you go into a swamp, you're gonna die. Yeah,

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Speaker 2: and that's just not true.

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Speaker 1: That was the clear lesson from swamp thing and swamp

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Speaker 1: thing too totally.

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Speaker 2: Olivia helped us with this, But it's also important that

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Speaker 2: we point out that there's Everglades National Park, and then

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Speaker 2: the Florida Everglades and Everglades National Park encompasses a lot

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Speaker 2: of areas that aren't what we think of as Everglades,

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Speaker 2: and the Everglades extend well beyond the boundaries of the

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Speaker 2: park itself as well.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, it sounds a lot more confusing than it is.

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Speaker 1: We'll line it all up into neat, little tidy packages

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Speaker 1: for everybody. How about that?

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Speaker 2: How about this Everglade very large National park, smaller area

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Speaker 2: within and beyond.

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Speaker 1: You did it. We can end the podcast right here,

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Speaker 1: essentially because you already mentioned alligators, birds, and iced tea

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Speaker 1: swamp water. So we're good.

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Speaker 2: Well, I think we should talk history because you dug

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Speaker 2: up some it looks like sort of the quintessential rundown

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Speaker 2: of how we got there?

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Speaker 1: Right, my friend, Yes, I wrote.

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Speaker 3: That that was good stuff.

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Speaker 1: Thank you very much. I appreciate that. I for some reason,

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Speaker 1: when I started to research a little more and more

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Speaker 1: of the natural history of the Everglades, they just got

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Speaker 1: more and more fascinated. So's so the Florida Florida is

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Speaker 1: a peninsula for those of you who don't know, and

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Speaker 1: it's on top of some very very solid bedrock part

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Speaker 1: of the continental plate that it's on, but a top

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Speaker 1: that is a layer of limestone bedrock, and it's formed

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Speaker 1: from old like corals and shells. Because for a very

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Speaker 1: long time what's now Florida was under a sea or

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Speaker 1: an ocean.

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Speaker 2: Right yeah, and potentially might be again one day.

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Speaker 1: Right. So over time there's like sea level changes and

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Speaker 1: rises because you know, the Earth likes to go through

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Speaker 1: glacial and interglacial periods, and the during the last period

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Speaker 1: where the ocean covered Florida. A new layer of really

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Speaker 1: poorous limestone was laid down a top of the limestone bedrock,

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Speaker 1: and that forms what's called the Biscayne Aquifer. And that

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Speaker 1: aquifer is a holding tank essentially for drinking water for

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Speaker 1: the nine million people who live on along the Atlantic

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Speaker 1: coast of Florida. And it's just super flat. I think

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Speaker 1: there's a difference in elevation chuck from the bottom of

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Speaker 1: Lake Okachobee, which is essentially the northern boundary now of

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Speaker 1: the Everglades, all the way down to the Florida Keys,

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Speaker 1: it just drops by like twelve to fifteen feet I

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Speaker 1: think in elevation all those hundreds of miles.

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Speaker 2: And that is one thing I love about Florida, especially

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Speaker 2: when I was a kid too, is you know, it's

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Speaker 2: hot and stuff, but walking and jogging and riding bikes

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Speaker 2: and stuff, they don't have any of those hills. So

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Speaker 2: it's just much more palatable for a dude like me. Yeah,

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Speaker 2: it is very flats, the hills or the killers, you

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Speaker 2: know exactly.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, everybody knows that for sure. It doesn't matter whether

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Speaker 1: you're walking, whether you're biking, whether you're rolling uphill. It sucks.

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Speaker 2: The important part that you mentioned though, is that there's

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Speaker 2: there's not much elevation rise and change, but Florida does

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Speaker 2: slope just ever so slightly, I guess what southeast, and

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Speaker 2: so all the water in Florida wants to go southeast.

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Speaker 1: It does, but it runs into that Atlantic Coastal Ridge,

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Speaker 1: which sounds tall, but at its tallest point it's like

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Speaker 1: twenty feet above sea level.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, that's a ridge, but Florida.

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Speaker 1: Is so flat that that actually contains the water in

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Speaker 1: the Everglades from going and spilling off into the Atlantic,

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Speaker 1: So it funnels it down toward that southern southwestern part

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Speaker 1: of Florida. And over time, as sea levels rose and

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Speaker 1: declined to rose in decline. When we went through glacial

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Speaker 1: periods the last time at the end of the Last

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Speaker 1: Ice Age, which is about twelve thousand years ago, sea

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Speaker 1: level started to kind of stabilize. And the current climate

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Speaker 1: that Florida has this subtropical monsoonal climate where there's a

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Speaker 1: dry season in a rainy season, and they're in the

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Speaker 1: rainy season, it really rains. There's hurricanes, that kind of stuff.

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Speaker 1: That started around the end of the Last Ice Age, right,

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Speaker 1: and so over that last twelve thousand years, that big

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Speaker 1: old Lake Okeechobee that forms the northern boundary of the

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Speaker 1: Everglades would periodically flood, and it would send a ton

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Speaker 1: of water down toward the bottom of Florida, the southern

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Speaker 1: southwestern tip. Simultaneously, all of that sea level rise and

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Speaker 1: decline deposited things like shells and mud and all sorts

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Speaker 1: of stuff, and that formed a natural dam, a barrier

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Speaker 1: that keeps a lot of the water from flowing out

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Speaker 1: of the southwestern part of Florida. And it forms the Everglades,

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Speaker 1: which is essentially an extremely slow moving body of water.

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Speaker 1: That is, it moves so slowly that the water has

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Speaker 1: time to percolate downward through the soil into the aquifer,

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Speaker 1: become purified and be held. So during times of the

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Speaker 1: wet season, it's a big repository for storm water. During

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Speaker 1: the dry season, it's a source of drinking water for

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Speaker 1: the people who live in Florida.

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Speaker 2: And some say that a drop of water, some meaning you,

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Speaker 2: and I imagine you got this from somewhere.

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Speaker 1: Right, I didn't make that reputable.

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Speaker 2: That a drop of water takes about a year or

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Speaker 2: to go from Lake Okachobee to the Florida Bay, which

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Speaker 2: you know all of this talk sounds like Florida is

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Speaker 2: a very scary place. It sounds like it's held together

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Speaker 2: by you know, reedy roots and duct tape.

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Speaker 1: It essentially is, for sure, But it's so flat that

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Speaker 1: you're really not in any danger. And it's also very shallow.

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Speaker 1: I think that Florida Bay that extends between the Florida

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Speaker 1: Keys and the southernmost tip of the Florida Mainland, that's

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Speaker 1: like five feet an average of five feet deep.

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Speaker 3: Could you walk to the Florida Keys?

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Speaker 1: I believe so. Yeah, because from what I saw, the

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Speaker 1: average the average depth is three water. Yes, that it

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Speaker 1: is five feet.

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Speaker 3: That's pretty cool.

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Speaker 1: We should, It's pretty cool. I never thought about that,

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Speaker 1: but yeah, you could from what I from what I

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Speaker 1: can tell.

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Speaker 3: If it can be done, it has been done.

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Speaker 1: I'm sure you'd think so for sure.

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Speaker 2: I mean, I imagine Jimmy Buffett walked Traverse that many times.

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Speaker 1: Probably in his life. Uh.

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Speaker 3: Is that good? On natural history? Should we take a break?

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Speaker 1: I think so? Did? Do we cover everything? I don't remember?

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Speaker 3: I think so. I think that spells it up very nicely.

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Speaker 2: All Right, So we're gonna take a break, and we're

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Speaker 2: gonna come back and talk about what Livia calls America's

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Speaker 2: greatest swamp. All right, so we covered natural history, we

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Speaker 2: should talk about the people of Florida. Southern Florida was

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Speaker 2: it was really as far as you know, settling the

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Speaker 2: America's it was one of the last pieces of the

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Speaker 2: Americas to be settled by human beings.

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Speaker 3: But there's still.

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Speaker 2: Like I think twelve hundred BCE is where the indigenous

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Speaker 2: population started out there, so still nothing to sneeze at.

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Speaker 2: H And you know, you still see that that indigenous uh,

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Speaker 2: I guess representation sort of everywhere. It's just it feels

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Speaker 2: thick just from the names and just kind of everywhere

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Speaker 2: you go. It's it's it's a it's as parent almost

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Speaker 2: as if you were I feel like out west of

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Speaker 2: the unit in the United States, like you get a

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Speaker 2: little bit of that in Georgia and the Carolinas, but

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Speaker 2: it just feels heavier in Florida.

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Speaker 1: For sure. Yeah, there's a lot of Native American words

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Speaker 1: that are used as place names still for sure. Is

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Speaker 1: that what you're mean?

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean more than that, but it feels like

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Speaker 2: a clunky way to say what I probably didn't even

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Speaker 2: get across.

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Speaker 1: Well, the thing about the Everglades is it's how's people for,

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Speaker 1: like you said, a very long time, thousands of years.

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Speaker 1: And I think what blew my mind is the Everglades

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Speaker 1: is we know them today, whereas I guess we would

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Speaker 1: have known them if we came upon them in eighteen

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Speaker 1: fifty or something like that. They were only like three thousand,

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Speaker 1: thirty two hundred years old from what I saw. I

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Speaker 1: saw some places five thousand, but I think the National

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Speaker 1: Park Service said they're only about three thousand years old.

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Speaker 1: So people and the Everglades kind of came around that

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Speaker 1: area around the same time, and they've been inhabited in

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Speaker 1: some way, shape or form ever since. Because as Europeans

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Speaker 1: pushed further and further west and further and further south,

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Speaker 1: the Everglade you couldn't do anything with them. When Florida

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Speaker 1: first was settled by European people of European ancestry, they

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Speaker 1: were like, this is just a completely valueless expanse of swamp.

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Speaker 1: We can't do anything with this.

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Speaker 2: You go live there, yeah, for sure, and you know

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Speaker 2: in a sec we'll get to like, you know, kind

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Speaker 2: of what the United States started doing once they acquired

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Speaker 2: Florida from Spain in eighteen nineteen with the Adams Was

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Speaker 2: it onus treaty? That's probably not pronouncing it right.

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Speaker 1: I'm not sure. I didn't see that one.

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Speaker 2: Well, that was the treaty where the United States got Florida.

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Speaker 2: But as far as original inhabitants, we're talking about the Tequesta,

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Speaker 2: the Yaga, and I don't know. I tried to find

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Speaker 2: the pronunciation for the Ais tribe.

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Speaker 3: Do you know what that is?

360
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Speaker 1: Yeah? It was Ais. It was an abbreviation.

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Speaker 3: That's pretty good.

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Speaker 1: I thighs.

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Speaker 2: Maybe maybe I tried to find as it's hard to

364
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Speaker 2: dig up pronunciation sometimes for some of this stuff. But

365
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Speaker 2: they lived on the East coast, and then you had

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Speaker 2: the Caloosa in the Southwest, and then you know, they're

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Speaker 2: all over the Everglades. They're living there and they're in

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Speaker 2: they're raised huts. What were those called chickie huts?

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Speaker 1: Yeah, and those were seminole, I believe a seminole invention,

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Speaker 1: which is just like a platform like the one you

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Speaker 1: stayed on in the Okefinoki swamp.

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Speaker 3: Well keeps even better, right, but it has.

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Speaker 1: Like sides and a roof and stuff like that. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: So it's a house. It's a platform house that was

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Speaker 1: designed to be to be lived in in the Everglades.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, in the Everglades. You mentioned Seminole. They were formed

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Speaker 2: from a lot of displaced Creek Indians, some other indigenous groups,

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Speaker 2: and then there were some Africans who were, you know,

379
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Speaker 2: fleeing the slave trade, and a lot of these people

380
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Speaker 2: ended up just sort of hiding in the Everglades because

381
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Speaker 2: it is a great place to hide.

382
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Speaker 1: Yeah, and so still there there's Seminole tribe. The Seminole

383
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Speaker 1: tribe has a reservation in Big Cyprus, one of their

384
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Speaker 1: reservations in Florida, and the Mikosuk tribe apparently is made

385
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Speaker 1: up of like former Creek members that rather than be

386
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Speaker 1: moved westward to Oklahoma during Indian removal, they said nope,

387
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Speaker 1: I'm staying down here, and they ended up forming basically

388
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Speaker 1: their own tribe over time that's still around today.

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Speaker 2: I kind of like the idea of we're going to

390
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Speaker 2: be in the middle of the Everglades, come and find.

391
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Speaker 1: Us, That's exactly what they did.

392
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Speaker 3: Yeah.

393
00:21:31,680 --> 00:21:34,320
Speaker 1: Yeah, they were like, well we'll go brave this. You. Yeah,

394
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Speaker 1: you come after us if you want to see what

395
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Speaker 1: happens malaria boy.

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Speaker 3: And then I'm there going don't go in there.

397
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Speaker 2: You die if you go into a swamp exact, you

398
00:21:42,640 --> 00:21:43,720
Speaker 2: don't know what's under that water.

399
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Speaker 1: It's the lesson of swamp thing and.

400
00:21:46,080 --> 00:21:48,320
Speaker 3: Where they're like, uh, you know what's under this water? Food?

401
00:21:48,760 --> 00:21:49,639
Speaker 1: Yeah, bedrock.

402
00:21:50,520 --> 00:21:54,439
Speaker 3: So you mentioned the land being valueless.

403
00:21:54,480 --> 00:21:58,800
Speaker 2: That was literally what the first state legislature said that

404
00:21:58,880 --> 00:22:02,480
Speaker 2: it is quote holy valueless and said, we got to

405
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Speaker 2: figure out how to get this water out of here

406
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Speaker 2: and make this into land we can use.

407
00:22:07,359 --> 00:22:11,160
Speaker 1: Yeah, there's like some people are actually adapting to living there.

408
00:22:11,200 --> 00:22:14,199
Speaker 1: Can you believe that we will obtain this thing? And

409
00:22:14,280 --> 00:22:18,960
Speaker 1: so they did very quickly. They started digging canals and

410
00:22:19,200 --> 00:22:24,200
Speaker 1: ditches to drain water from Lake Okeachobee, which again has

411
00:22:24,280 --> 00:22:29,640
Speaker 1: traditionally flooded its banks and sent water into the Everglades.

412
00:22:30,119 --> 00:22:32,600
Speaker 1: That's where the Everglades gets most of its water. It

413
00:22:32,600 --> 00:22:34,720
Speaker 1: has over time, and then it takes so long to

414
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Speaker 1: slash out that it stays generally wet throughout the year.

415
00:22:39,080 --> 00:22:42,600
Speaker 1: If you dig canals to divert water to other places,

416
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Speaker 1: like say an existing river or the Atlantic Ocean, you're

417
00:22:46,800 --> 00:22:49,440
Speaker 1: not going to have those banks flood anymore, and the

418
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Speaker 1: people that live along those banks are not gonna die

419
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Speaker 1: being covered in a mud slide or a flood, or

420
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Speaker 1: your crops aren't going to be ruined. And so that

421
00:22:57,800 --> 00:23:01,439
Speaker 1: was like the first attempt to really kind of the Everglades.

422
00:23:01,480 --> 00:23:04,680
Speaker 1: It was by cutting off its water supply from the north,

423
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Speaker 1: from Lake Okechobee.

424
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Speaker 2: Yeah, And that happened up through the first couple of

425
00:23:10,320 --> 00:23:14,040
Speaker 2: decades at least of the twentieth century, until in the

426
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Speaker 2: nineteen twenties some people, not too many, but some people

427
00:23:18,560 --> 00:23:22,160
Speaker 2: started standing up and saying, you know what, we're wrecking

428
00:23:22,359 --> 00:23:26,600
Speaker 2: an ecosystem here. Yeah, it's kind of heartening. I guess

429
00:23:26,600 --> 00:23:28,080
Speaker 2: to think that this was happening all the way back

430
00:23:28,080 --> 00:23:31,399
Speaker 2: in the nineteen twenties. But in nineteen twenty eight there

431
00:23:31,520 --> 00:23:35,960
Speaker 2: was a land developer named Ernest f Co, a land

432
00:23:35,960 --> 00:23:40,760
Speaker 2: developer who actually developed a campaign to protect part of

433
00:23:40,760 --> 00:23:44,440
Speaker 2: that area as a national park, which eventually bore fruit

434
00:23:44,520 --> 00:23:45,600
Speaker 2: in nineteen forty seven.

435
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Speaker 1: Can you believe it? He was a unicorn?

436
00:23:48,119 --> 00:23:48,359
Speaker 2: I know.

437
00:23:49,359 --> 00:23:52,359
Speaker 1: Another champion of the Everglades who came along about twenty

438
00:23:52,440 --> 00:23:55,600
Speaker 1: or so years later was a journalist named Marjorie Stoneman Douglas,

439
00:23:55,960 --> 00:23:58,840
Speaker 1: whose name sadly has become synonymous with a school shooting

440
00:24:00,320 --> 00:24:02,840
Speaker 1: as well. And I didn't know anything about her, but

441
00:24:02,880 --> 00:24:07,480
Speaker 1: she was this amazing champion of civil rights, of women's rights,

442
00:24:07,520 --> 00:24:12,000
Speaker 1: of protecting the environment. And we're talking in the forties,

443
00:24:12,200 --> 00:24:14,399
Speaker 1: you know, and she was a really good writer, and

444
00:24:14,440 --> 00:24:18,560
Speaker 1: she wrote a book called The Everglades River of Grass,

445
00:24:18,920 --> 00:24:21,480
Speaker 1: which is a great title or whatever, but it was

446
00:24:21,520 --> 00:24:26,440
Speaker 1: apparently a very popular book that changed people's attitudes towards

447
00:24:26,440 --> 00:24:28,320
Speaker 1: the Everglades. It wasn't like, this isn't something to be

448
00:24:28,400 --> 00:24:31,679
Speaker 1: tamed for industry and real estate. This is something to

449
00:24:31,720 --> 00:24:36,879
Speaker 1: be preserved and protected. And because she helped kind of

450
00:24:36,920 --> 00:24:41,200
Speaker 1: point out just how unique the Everglades was as an ecosystem,

451
00:24:41,560 --> 00:24:46,280
Speaker 1: it became protected not because it's incredibly beautiful. It's actually not.

452
00:24:46,359 --> 00:24:49,159
Speaker 1: In some ways, it's not ugly, but it's featureless. And

453
00:24:49,480 --> 00:24:53,480
Speaker 1: in a lot of places it was protected because of

454
00:24:53,560 --> 00:24:56,040
Speaker 1: the life that it housed.

455
00:24:56,920 --> 00:25:00,359
Speaker 2: Yeah, you know, I get that it's not you know,

456
00:25:00,680 --> 00:25:03,840
Speaker 2: the Rocky Mountain National Park and like all the amazing

457
00:25:03,880 --> 00:25:07,320
Speaker 2: things you get out west, but I was blown away

458
00:25:07,600 --> 00:25:11,600
Speaker 2: by the way it looked. And I know that swamp

459
00:25:11,680 --> 00:25:14,720
Speaker 2: just has a connotation, as you know, like when we

460
00:25:14,800 --> 00:25:16,800
Speaker 2: first you know, when the US first got ahold of it.

461
00:25:16,840 --> 00:25:19,360
Speaker 2: They were like, this is this place is gross. Let's

462
00:25:19,400 --> 00:25:22,679
Speaker 2: get all this water out of here. Youw But like

463
00:25:22,920 --> 00:25:25,600
Speaker 2: I was knocked out and I the same thing happened

464
00:25:25,600 --> 00:25:27,879
Speaker 2: in the oke Finocchi. I just think it's an amazing,

465
00:25:28,520 --> 00:25:30,760
Speaker 2: like visually amazing place as well.

466
00:25:31,000 --> 00:25:33,159
Speaker 1: That's awesome. Well you would have been a great early

467
00:25:33,200 --> 00:25:36,240
Speaker 1: proponent of protecting the Everglades totally.

468
00:25:36,400 --> 00:25:38,840
Speaker 3: Just don't. I don't want to walk around in there, right,

469
00:25:39,400 --> 00:25:40,080
Speaker 3: because you'll die.

470
00:25:40,359 --> 00:25:42,240
Speaker 1: I wanted to exist over there.

471
00:25:43,680 --> 00:25:46,080
Speaker 2: And again I talked about the birding, but apparently there

472
00:25:46,200 --> 00:25:50,760
Speaker 2: was a conservative governor named spesciod Holland who was like, well, hey,

473
00:25:50,880 --> 00:25:52,879
Speaker 2: you know, there's tons of birds here. We could probably

474
00:25:52,920 --> 00:25:56,960
Speaker 2: bring in some money as a tourism hot spot with

475
00:25:56,960 --> 00:25:57,639
Speaker 2: the Everglades.

476
00:25:57,800 --> 00:26:00,320
Speaker 1: Yeah, those nerds are loaded. They usually I don't have

477
00:26:00,400 --> 00:26:03,400
Speaker 1: kids or anything else to do, really well paying job.

478
00:26:03,640 --> 00:26:04,280
Speaker 1: Bring them in.

479
00:26:04,680 --> 00:26:06,040
Speaker 3: Oh God, bless the murders.

480
00:26:06,440 --> 00:26:09,879
Speaker 1: So the park started out at four hundred something thousand

481
00:26:10,000 --> 00:26:14,040
Speaker 1: acres and eventually just started ballooning very quickly. I think

482
00:26:14,080 --> 00:26:18,359
Speaker 1: it's about one and a half million acres now, about

483
00:26:18,440 --> 00:26:24,919
Speaker 1: twenty three hundred square miles. It's big, a god gigantic,

484
00:26:25,000 --> 00:26:29,240
Speaker 1: amount of kilometers and it's it is, it's giant, and

485
00:26:29,280 --> 00:26:33,600
Speaker 1: you're like, wow, twenty three hundred square miles. It's a huge,

486
00:26:33,640 --> 00:26:39,280
Speaker 1: staggering size. But compared to the actual historical natural boundaries,

487
00:26:39,320 --> 00:26:43,080
Speaker 1: and I'm talking like the taking anything anyone's ever said,

488
00:26:43,160 --> 00:26:47,520
Speaker 1: this is the Everglades into account, naturally speaking, it's about

489
00:26:47,520 --> 00:26:50,639
Speaker 1: an eighth of what the actual Everglades are meant to be.

490
00:26:51,040 --> 00:26:53,960
Speaker 1: There's supposed to be something like eighteen thousand square miles,

491
00:26:54,040 --> 00:26:55,920
Speaker 1: or about twice the size of New Jersey.

492
00:26:56,480 --> 00:27:02,040
Speaker 2: So like basically the entire lower half of Florida.

493
00:27:03,080 --> 00:27:05,480
Speaker 1: Yeah, up up, well into central Florida.

494
00:27:05,640 --> 00:27:07,040
Speaker 3: Yeah, for sure.

495
00:27:07,119 --> 00:27:10,680
Speaker 1: So it might even be closer to the bottom two thirds.

496
00:27:10,720 --> 00:27:14,800
Speaker 1: I don't know, but it's it's a significant, huge amount

497
00:27:14,880 --> 00:27:18,320
Speaker 1: of land. And the idea that the park is just

498
00:27:18,400 --> 00:27:22,639
Speaker 1: protecting it, that it's like an eighth of its size,

499
00:27:24,400 --> 00:27:27,320
Speaker 1: it's misleading in one way because there's actually a patchwork

500
00:27:27,400 --> 00:27:32,560
Speaker 1: of Native American reservations that are protected and state parks

501
00:27:33,080 --> 00:27:34,880
Speaker 1: and areas that also enjoy.

502
00:27:34,640 --> 00:27:36,000
Speaker 3: Some wildlife refuges.

503
00:27:36,480 --> 00:27:40,000
Speaker 1: Yeah, so it's actually bigger than just the National Park.

504
00:27:40,240 --> 00:27:42,560
Speaker 1: But at the same time, it's still a shadow of

505
00:27:42,600 --> 00:27:45,600
Speaker 1: its former South and there are two things that cause

506
00:27:45,640 --> 00:27:47,960
Speaker 1: the Everglades to become a shadow of its former self.

507
00:27:48,160 --> 00:27:52,639
Speaker 1: One is real estate development. So Florida's amazingly beautiful and sunny.

508
00:27:53,520 --> 00:27:57,040
Speaker 1: There's yeah, there's a rainy season, but it's still worth

509
00:27:57,240 --> 00:27:59,840
Speaker 1: hanging around during to make it through to the dry

510
00:28:00,160 --> 00:28:05,439
Speaker 1: because it's so nice. And then number two agriculture, because

511
00:28:05,440 --> 00:28:08,679
Speaker 1: the Okachobe traditionally like overflowed its banks to the south.

512
00:28:09,080 --> 00:28:13,199
Speaker 1: It deposited tons of like nutrient rich silt. Yeah, so

513
00:28:13,560 --> 00:28:16,000
Speaker 1: just to the south of Lake Okachobe with some of

514
00:28:16,000 --> 00:28:19,040
Speaker 1: the most fertile land in the United States, and they're like,

515
00:28:19,240 --> 00:28:21,919
Speaker 1: this is wasted. We need to damn this thing. We

516
00:28:21,960 --> 00:28:24,560
Speaker 1: need to build levies and dykes and everything to keep

517
00:28:24,600 --> 00:28:27,600
Speaker 1: this thing from overflowing and plant there. And that's what

518
00:28:27,680 --> 00:28:31,399
Speaker 1: they did. So the Everglades were drained for real estate

519
00:28:31,440 --> 00:28:34,119
Speaker 1: in this patchwork way and then cut off again, like

520
00:28:34,160 --> 00:28:37,880
Speaker 1: I said, from its source of new water, Lake Okachobe.

521
00:28:38,160 --> 00:28:38,400
Speaker 3: Yeah.

522
00:28:38,440 --> 00:28:41,240
Speaker 2: And one of the main projects that kind of got

523
00:28:41,240 --> 00:28:44,720
Speaker 2: that going in more recent history was in nineteen forty eight.

524
00:28:46,080 --> 00:28:50,200
Speaker 2: The Hurricane George came through in nineteen forty seven, aka

525
00:28:50,280 --> 00:28:54,280
Speaker 2: the Fort Lauderdale Hurricane, did a lot of damage, and

526
00:28:54,320 --> 00:28:56,880
Speaker 2: then Congress said, all right, we got to do something

527
00:28:56,920 --> 00:29:00,160
Speaker 2: about this for real, so they authorized the Central and

528
00:29:00,240 --> 00:29:05,160
Speaker 2: Southern Florida Project for Flood Control and Other Purposes, otherwise

529
00:29:05,200 --> 00:29:10,920
Speaker 2: known as the Sea and Sea ampor sand SF CNSF.

530
00:29:11,840 --> 00:29:15,160
Speaker 2: And that's what basically got it going in nineteen forty eight,

531
00:29:15,160 --> 00:29:17,920
Speaker 2: Like you were talking about, when you know, just more

532
00:29:17,960 --> 00:29:23,880
Speaker 2: and more canals, more levees, creating more farmland and urban areas,

533
00:29:23,960 --> 00:29:25,000
Speaker 2: just swelling outward.

534
00:29:25,440 --> 00:29:27,560
Speaker 1: Yeah, because if you weren't on board with the idea

535
00:29:27,600 --> 00:29:30,800
Speaker 1: of real estate development or agriculture and you wanted to

536
00:29:30,800 --> 00:29:33,880
Speaker 1: protect the Everglades, every once in a while, an enormous

537
00:29:33,960 --> 00:29:36,360
Speaker 1: hurricane would come through and kill a couple thousand people,

538
00:29:36,720 --> 00:29:38,600
Speaker 1: it'd be like, we got to do something about that. Yeah,

539
00:29:38,640 --> 00:29:40,880
Speaker 1: So it would bring everybody else into the fold. And

540
00:29:40,880 --> 00:29:45,720
Speaker 1: that's how that happened. So over time, these projects became

541
00:29:45,760 --> 00:29:50,160
Speaker 1: so successful that still today, the canals and the ditches

542
00:29:50,240 --> 00:29:52,760
Speaker 1: and all of that stuff that diverts water away from

543
00:29:52,800 --> 00:29:57,280
Speaker 1: the Everglades outward so that we can live and farm

544
00:29:57,440 --> 00:30:02,280
Speaker 1: in Florida carries about one point seven billion gallons of

545
00:30:02,320 --> 00:30:05,960
Speaker 1: water a day to the Atlantic Ocean or the Gulf

546
00:30:06,000 --> 00:30:06,560
Speaker 1: of Mexico.

547
00:30:06,840 --> 00:30:08,960
Speaker 3: That's incredible still today.

548
00:30:08,800 --> 00:30:12,000
Speaker 1: So, yes, the Everglades is essentially you would hope it's

549
00:30:12,000 --> 00:30:14,960
Speaker 1: in this holding pattern, it's not. It's been cut off

550
00:30:14,960 --> 00:30:17,560
Speaker 1: from its natural source of fresh water coming from the

551
00:30:17,560 --> 00:30:22,200
Speaker 1: north and Lake Okechobee, and it's slowly dying. Essentially, it's

552
00:30:22,200 --> 00:30:25,320
Speaker 1: still huge, but it's still being carved up. Agriculture is

553
00:30:25,320 --> 00:30:27,800
Speaker 1: still being carried out, it's still being drained, and it's

554
00:30:27,880 --> 00:30:29,640
Speaker 1: it's in a little bit of trouble. So we'll talk

555
00:30:29,640 --> 00:30:31,640
Speaker 1: about that, but I say we take a break and

556
00:30:31,680 --> 00:30:35,720
Speaker 1: then come back and talk about some of the stars

557
00:30:35,760 --> 00:30:36,720
Speaker 1: of the Everglades.

558
00:30:37,560 --> 00:30:39,400
Speaker 3: You know who else agrees with you on these points?

559
00:30:39,640 --> 00:30:39,960
Speaker 1: Who?

560
00:30:40,400 --> 00:31:13,440
Speaker 3: Kenny? All right, we'll be right back, all.

561
00:31:13,400 --> 00:31:16,480
Speaker 1: Right, Chuck. So, the National Park Service carves the Everglades

562
00:31:16,560 --> 00:31:20,360
Speaker 1: up into nine habitats because I think we said at

563
00:31:20,400 --> 00:31:23,880
Speaker 1: the outset, the Everglades is actually this amazing patchwork of

564
00:31:23,880 --> 00:31:30,440
Speaker 1: different kinds of ecosystems, nine to be exact. And the

565
00:31:30,520 --> 00:31:33,680
Speaker 1: reason that there are so many different ecosystems is because again,

566
00:31:33,880 --> 00:31:37,400
Speaker 1: Florida is so flat, the Everglades are so shallow that

567
00:31:37,960 --> 00:31:41,640
Speaker 1: just in a rise of a few inches can create

568
00:31:41,680 --> 00:31:44,520
Speaker 1: a completely different ecosystem. Than one that's a few inches

569
00:31:44,520 --> 00:31:47,800
Speaker 1: shorter than it, because it can be dry, and so

570
00:31:47,880 --> 00:31:51,600
Speaker 1: then there can be hardwood trees and then all sorts

571
00:31:51,600 --> 00:31:55,000
Speaker 1: of different life comes in flocks to these little islands

572
00:31:55,320 --> 00:31:58,760
Speaker 1: that form over time as the tree roots capture dirt

573
00:31:59,000 --> 00:32:03,360
Speaker 1: and the round rises slowly but surely over time. Those

574
00:32:03,400 --> 00:32:06,320
Speaker 1: are called hardwood hammocks, and they're just one of the

575
00:32:06,400 --> 00:32:08,480
Speaker 1: ecosystems found in the Everglades.

576
00:32:08,800 --> 00:32:11,280
Speaker 2: Yeah, and people should understand every time we say the

577
00:32:11,320 --> 00:32:15,959
Speaker 2: word dry, that's heavily quoted, right, dry meaning you know,

578
00:32:16,040 --> 00:32:19,000
Speaker 2: it can sustain birds walking around on it and like

579
00:32:19,040 --> 00:32:19,800
Speaker 2: a tree to grow.

580
00:32:20,000 --> 00:32:23,200
Speaker 1: Yeah, and it'll get flooded periodically, but it's not constantly.

581
00:32:23,240 --> 00:32:25,640
Speaker 2: Yeah, wet, And imagine if you jump up and down

582
00:32:25,640 --> 00:32:27,720
Speaker 2: and stand in place, you'll sink a little bit.

583
00:32:27,840 --> 00:32:29,080
Speaker 1: You will be very sorry.

584
00:32:30,160 --> 00:32:34,440
Speaker 2: You've also got the pine rocklands. These are just beautiful areas.

585
00:32:35,520 --> 00:32:36,120
Speaker 3: These are.

586
00:32:37,480 --> 00:32:40,400
Speaker 2: Areas of forest and it has and it's very unique.

587
00:32:40,440 --> 00:32:42,440
Speaker 2: It's only found in South Florida and the Bahamas and

588
00:32:42,480 --> 00:32:46,080
Speaker 2: mostly in Florida. But it's got this pine canopy. You know,

589
00:32:46,120 --> 00:32:49,200
Speaker 2: Florida's got these beautiful pine trees. I know people often

590
00:32:49,240 --> 00:32:51,880
Speaker 2: think of like, you know, just coastal Florida with palm

591
00:32:51,880 --> 00:32:54,560
Speaker 2: trees and things like that and sand. But you know,

592
00:32:54,600 --> 00:32:58,160
Speaker 2: you get interior, get into interior Florida a little bit,

593
00:32:58,360 --> 00:33:02,240
Speaker 2: you've got these beautiful pine forests, and that forest canopy

594
00:33:03,000 --> 00:33:06,360
Speaker 2: means that stuff grows there that doesn't grow anywhere else

595
00:33:06,400 --> 00:33:07,160
Speaker 2: on planet Earth.

596
00:33:07,800 --> 00:33:10,320
Speaker 1: Right. And one of the things that's really important to

597
00:33:10,320 --> 00:33:14,280
Speaker 1: the pine rocklands is they can sustain fire, and so

598
00:33:14,840 --> 00:33:18,680
Speaker 1: fire periodically comes along these days. The National Park Rangers

599
00:33:18,880 --> 00:33:23,400
Speaker 1: set fire on purpose for prescribed burns to mimic natural fires,

600
00:33:24,560 --> 00:33:28,480
Speaker 1: and that keeps those hardwoods from coming in and establishing

601
00:33:29,280 --> 00:33:33,040
Speaker 1: dominance and turning those places into a hardwood hammock. So

602
00:33:33,080 --> 00:33:36,600
Speaker 1: it stays of pine rockland, which is cool. It's its

603
00:33:36,600 --> 00:33:38,920
Speaker 1: own thing, and it's probably always going to be its

604
00:33:38,920 --> 00:33:41,720
Speaker 1: own thing as long as everything stays exactly the same.

605
00:33:45,880 --> 00:33:50,960
Speaker 2: Freshwater sloughs they are the Shark River slough that goes

606
00:33:50,960 --> 00:33:53,160
Speaker 2: to the Gulf of Mexico and the Tailor Slew that

607
00:33:53,200 --> 00:33:59,040
Speaker 2: goes into Florida Bay. They're basically two giant marshy sawgrass rivers.

608
00:34:00,280 --> 00:34:01,840
Speaker 3: Moving very slow.

609
00:34:02,280 --> 00:34:05,880
Speaker 1: Yeah, And that's again, that's what people think of typically

610
00:34:05,880 --> 00:34:06,520
Speaker 1: when they think of.

611
00:34:06,520 --> 00:34:09,279
Speaker 3: Everglades, right, yeah, the rafting not so good.

612
00:34:09,920 --> 00:34:16,280
Speaker 1: There's Marl prairies, and Marl is like the opposite of Pete.

613
00:34:16,600 --> 00:34:21,720
Speaker 1: It needs aerobic conditions to form. Did you just Pete

614
00:34:21,840 --> 00:34:25,760
Speaker 1: because it has to do with Scotch now.

615
00:34:25,120 --> 00:34:27,480
Speaker 2: Just because we talk about Pete later, and I think

616
00:34:27,480 --> 00:34:28,720
Speaker 2: Pete is just sort of amazing.

617
00:34:28,880 --> 00:34:29,399
Speaker 1: I do too.

618
00:34:29,760 --> 00:34:30,160
Speaker 3: Yeah.

619
00:34:30,200 --> 00:34:32,359
Speaker 1: Plus also it makes Scotch pretty great.

620
00:34:32,600 --> 00:34:33,719
Speaker 3: Yeah. Sure, and that's part of it.

621
00:34:34,080 --> 00:34:37,279
Speaker 1: But the maral is made up of a bunch of

622
00:34:37,320 --> 00:34:41,359
Speaker 1: different weird stuff like algae and microbes and calcium carbonate,

623
00:34:41,480 --> 00:34:46,480
Speaker 1: and it's a very specific kind of mud or dirt

624
00:34:46,560 --> 00:34:50,960
Speaker 1: basically that feeds a lot of very diverse wildlife.

625
00:34:51,160 --> 00:34:53,840
Speaker 3: Yeah. Absolutely, So those are the Marl prairies.

626
00:34:54,560 --> 00:34:58,319
Speaker 1: Yes, Yeah. What about the cypress trees. They kind of

627
00:34:58,320 --> 00:35:01,959
Speaker 1: have their own system allotted to them. But they seem

628
00:35:02,040 --> 00:35:04,399
Speaker 1: to grow in various places too.

629
00:35:04,920 --> 00:35:05,160
Speaker 3: Yeah.

630
00:35:05,239 --> 00:35:08,080
Speaker 2: I mean they can grow in water like the standing water.

631
00:35:09,239 --> 00:35:13,320
Speaker 2: They do really well in the wet areas. They're beautiful.

632
00:35:13,880 --> 00:35:17,000
Speaker 2: They also grow in dry areas that don't have great soil,

633
00:35:17,080 --> 00:35:18,880
Speaker 2: so they're pretty hardy species.

634
00:35:19,280 --> 00:35:21,440
Speaker 1: Okay, And I think I would be the jerk of

635
00:35:21,480 --> 00:35:23,520
Speaker 1: the year if I took mangrove forests.

636
00:35:25,680 --> 00:35:26,920
Speaker 3: You know. I love my mangroves.

637
00:35:26,920 --> 00:35:29,880
Speaker 2: I asked Kenny. I was like, are those mangroves? He said, no,

638
00:35:31,000 --> 00:35:33,680
Speaker 2: but there are some. So what I was seeing was

639
00:35:33,960 --> 00:35:36,000
Speaker 2: I'm not sure what I was seeing or exactly which

640
00:35:37,440 --> 00:35:39,799
Speaker 2: area I was in now that I'm looking at them all,

641
00:35:40,800 --> 00:35:41,360
Speaker 2: I mean it.

642
00:35:41,480 --> 00:35:43,000
Speaker 3: Was it's.

643
00:35:44,520 --> 00:35:49,680
Speaker 2: It's north west of Fort Myers is where I was,

644
00:35:50,800 --> 00:35:53,800
Speaker 2: and we were driving around through the marshy section. But

645
00:35:53,840 --> 00:35:56,160
Speaker 2: there was a very large lake there that I think

646
00:35:56,160 --> 00:35:57,680
Speaker 2: he said was the second largest lake.

647
00:35:59,719 --> 00:36:01,360
Speaker 1: I don't no, I'm not familiar with that area, but

648
00:36:01,400 --> 00:36:03,560
Speaker 1: it sounds like you're talking about Cape Coral area.

649
00:36:04,239 --> 00:36:06,799
Speaker 2: Maybe I tried to find that lake on the map,

650
00:36:06,840 --> 00:36:09,240
Speaker 2: but I couldn't. I couldn't find anything today.

651
00:36:09,719 --> 00:36:12,839
Speaker 1: Does Kenny exist? Is anything real?

652
00:36:13,840 --> 00:36:15,719
Speaker 3: He does? I took his selfie and he jumped in

653
00:36:15,760 --> 00:36:17,319
Speaker 3: the back of it. He photo bombed us.

654
00:36:17,560 --> 00:36:18,000
Speaker 1: Nice.

655
00:36:18,360 --> 00:36:21,640
Speaker 2: But anyway, mangrove forests, there are mangroves there. They're in

656
00:36:21,680 --> 00:36:25,680
Speaker 2: the coastal channels around the southern tip of Florida in

657
00:36:25,719 --> 00:36:28,120
Speaker 2: that brackish water. So I wouldn't have seen him where

658
00:36:28,120 --> 00:36:31,400
Speaker 2: we were. And you know, listen to our Mangroves episode

659
00:36:31,640 --> 00:36:33,200
Speaker 2: to learn all the great things they.

660
00:36:33,080 --> 00:36:36,640
Speaker 1: Do, Yeah, for sure, and they are really great trees.

661
00:36:37,320 --> 00:36:41,360
Speaker 1: The Everglades apparently has the largest contiguous mangrove ecosystem in

662
00:36:41,400 --> 00:36:44,360
Speaker 1: the entire Western hemisphere, and I read that some of

663
00:36:44,400 --> 00:36:47,320
Speaker 1: them are like four stories tall. Chuck, can you imnagine

664
00:36:47,320 --> 00:36:49,920
Speaker 1: seeing a four story tall mangrove tree?

665
00:36:50,520 --> 00:36:52,080
Speaker 3: Man, that's amazing.

666
00:36:52,680 --> 00:36:55,360
Speaker 2: And you know, I did say, listen to that episode,

667
00:36:55,400 --> 00:36:58,000
Speaker 2: but we should say at the very least that one

668
00:36:58,040 --> 00:36:59,680
Speaker 2: of the big things because this will come up later,

669
00:37:00,040 --> 00:37:04,000
Speaker 2: that mangroves do is protect against high water and storms.

670
00:37:04,880 --> 00:37:08,160
Speaker 1: Yes, exactly. And so there's areas that get such high

671
00:37:08,160 --> 00:37:11,000
Speaker 1: waters and get such high winds during hurricanes that the

672
00:37:11,040 --> 00:37:15,000
Speaker 1: mangroves are like nuts to this, I'm moving elsewhere. And

673
00:37:15,080 --> 00:37:17,399
Speaker 1: those areas where they move away from or where they

674
00:37:17,440 --> 00:37:21,560
Speaker 1: just can't exist are called coastal lowlands. And these are

675
00:37:21,640 --> 00:37:24,879
Speaker 1: the antithesis of what people think of when they think

676
00:37:24,920 --> 00:37:29,800
Speaker 1: of the Everglades, because it's essentially a scrub desert. Yeah,

677
00:37:30,040 --> 00:37:33,400
Speaker 1: in that nuts, there's scrub desert ecosystems in the Everglades.

678
00:37:33,960 --> 00:37:37,600
Speaker 2: Yeah, It's it's incredible, like all the ecosystems are so varied,

679
00:37:37,600 --> 00:37:38,360
Speaker 2: it's really amazing.

680
00:37:38,520 --> 00:37:42,360
Speaker 1: Yeah. So it's populated by low growing, salt tolerant plants

681
00:37:42,400 --> 00:37:45,719
Speaker 1: that can handle being blown around in one hundred and

682
00:37:45,760 --> 00:37:49,640
Speaker 1: eighty one hundred and ninety mile an hour winds like succulents.

683
00:37:50,200 --> 00:37:53,759
Speaker 1: And then there's Florida Bay and this is again the

684
00:37:55,160 --> 00:37:59,520
Speaker 1: very very shallow coastal area that's bounded at the south

685
00:37:59,520 --> 00:38:01,880
Speaker 1: by the Key, at the north by the Florida Mainland,

686
00:38:02,320 --> 00:38:06,479
Speaker 1: and there's amazing fishing there and it's most people would

687
00:38:06,480 --> 00:38:09,560
Speaker 1: think like, that's not the Everglades, but it's technically included

688
00:38:09,600 --> 00:38:12,680
Speaker 1: in Everglades in particular Everglades National Park.

689
00:38:13,440 --> 00:38:17,480
Speaker 2: Absolutely, we got to talk about some animals here. We're

690
00:38:17,480 --> 00:38:19,120
Speaker 2: not going to go into too much detail, but we

691
00:38:19,160 --> 00:38:22,480
Speaker 2: got to talk about alligators and crocodiles because, as you know,

692
00:38:22,480 --> 00:38:25,200
Speaker 2: if you've listened to the show, that's the only place

693
00:38:25,200 --> 00:38:28,759
Speaker 2: on planet Earth that has both, which is pretty remarkable. Yeah,

694
00:38:28,760 --> 00:38:31,200
Speaker 2: it is a lot more alligators and crocodiles. Of course,

695
00:38:31,840 --> 00:38:35,239
Speaker 2: I think about two hundred thousand gators compared to two

696
00:38:35,280 --> 00:38:36,240
Speaker 2: thousand crocs.

697
00:38:36,640 --> 00:38:39,600
Speaker 1: Yes, but the crocs numbered two hundred back in nineteen

698
00:38:39,640 --> 00:38:43,799
Speaker 1: seventy five. That's pretty good comeback, yeah, because they were

699
00:38:43,800 --> 00:38:48,839
Speaker 1: never gone. Same with the panthers, there's a they're still

700
00:38:48,880 --> 00:38:53,799
Speaker 1: in a very precariously low population density of about two hundred. Yeah,

701
00:38:53,920 --> 00:38:57,360
Speaker 1: but that's up from twenty to thirty in the nineteen seventies.

702
00:38:57,560 --> 00:38:58,080
Speaker 3: It's crazy.

703
00:38:58,080 --> 00:39:00,520
Speaker 1: So this is like these are the year or the

704
00:39:00,520 --> 00:39:06,040
Speaker 1: dividends that protection yielded, Like the Florida panthers should not

705
00:39:06,239 --> 00:39:09,480
Speaker 1: exist any longer were it not for people like E. F.

706
00:39:09,600 --> 00:39:13,239
Speaker 1: Co and Marjorie Stone in Douglas, like they would just

707
00:39:13,239 --> 00:39:16,239
Speaker 1: be long gone. And now they're starting to slowly come back.

708
00:39:16,560 --> 00:39:19,120
Speaker 1: And those things are beautiful.

709
00:39:19,960 --> 00:39:22,360
Speaker 3: Yeah, they are gorgeous, big kitty cats.

710
00:39:22,560 --> 00:39:24,040
Speaker 1: Yeah, six to seven feet long.

711
00:39:24,680 --> 00:39:26,399
Speaker 3: Yeah, you don't saw a wild cow?

712
00:39:27,400 --> 00:39:27,680
Speaker 1: What?

713
00:39:28,320 --> 00:39:32,160
Speaker 3: Yeah, Kenny said, they're not wild cows, But what.

714
00:39:32,080 --> 00:39:34,320
Speaker 1: Do you call them, like a feral cows?

715
00:39:35,239 --> 00:39:38,279
Speaker 2: Maybe he did say wild cows, but wild just meaning

716
00:39:38,280 --> 00:39:39,600
Speaker 2: they're not anyone's cows.

717
00:39:39,680 --> 00:39:40,359
Speaker 1: That's pretty cool.

718
00:39:40,520 --> 00:39:42,000
Speaker 3: There's a word for that. I just can't think of it.

719
00:39:42,440 --> 00:39:47,680
Speaker 2: Unowned cows, no possess they were least cows.

720
00:39:47,360 --> 00:39:50,600
Speaker 1: I think, so, yeah, that's pretty neat. Though then I

721
00:39:50,640 --> 00:39:53,919
Speaker 1: don't understand how those things survive because they're just an

722
00:39:53,960 --> 00:39:55,880
Speaker 1: alligator could take them down so easy.

723
00:39:56,400 --> 00:39:58,719
Speaker 3: This cow was fifty feet from an alligator.

724
00:39:59,160 --> 00:40:02,359
Speaker 1: It's so weird. I don't understand nature sometimes, even though

725
00:40:02,640 --> 00:40:03,160
Speaker 1: I love it.

726
00:40:04,239 --> 00:40:08,000
Speaker 2: You've got your you've got your water mammals. Everyone loves

727
00:40:08,000 --> 00:40:10,240
Speaker 2: to see a manatee or an otter or a dolphin.

728
00:40:11,280 --> 00:40:14,000
Speaker 2: The manatee. There was a I feel like a push

729
00:40:14,040 --> 00:40:17,080
Speaker 2: to save the manatee started in like the nineties or

730
00:40:17,120 --> 00:40:18,400
Speaker 2: maybe even earlier.

731
00:40:18,400 --> 00:40:20,080
Speaker 1: Something like that, because they were in trouble and they've

732
00:40:20,160 --> 00:40:21,000
Speaker 1: kind of come back too.

733
00:40:21,719 --> 00:40:21,959
Speaker 3: Yeah.

734
00:40:22,040 --> 00:40:25,640
Speaker 2: I think they went from endanger to threatened in twenty seventeen.

735
00:40:27,120 --> 00:40:31,279
Speaker 2: But just a few years ago they had what's called

736
00:40:31,280 --> 00:40:36,600
Speaker 2: an unusual mortality event, which looks like it is because

737
00:40:36,640 --> 00:40:40,640
Speaker 2: of a loss of sea grass and water quality.

738
00:40:41,360 --> 00:40:43,960
Speaker 1: Yeah, that's a huge one. So Lake Okachobee, as we'll

739
00:40:43,960 --> 00:40:48,600
Speaker 1: see as a toxic dump of farm runoff in nutrients,

740
00:40:49,360 --> 00:40:54,400
Speaker 1: and because it's diverted that water's diverted now to the

741
00:40:54,480 --> 00:40:58,640
Speaker 1: eastern coast and the western coast, they're very frequently algae

742
00:40:58,680 --> 00:41:01,480
Speaker 1: die offs or algae that lead to fish kills and

743
00:41:01,480 --> 00:41:05,240
Speaker 1: die offs, including the sea grass. So it's a huge,

744
00:41:05,320 --> 00:41:08,200
Speaker 1: huge problem. Not only is it not providing the Everglades

745
00:41:08,239 --> 00:41:11,400
Speaker 1: with water right now, that's actually kind of good because

746
00:41:11,400 --> 00:41:13,440
Speaker 1: if it were, the Everglades would be even more poison

747
00:41:13,520 --> 00:41:16,560
Speaker 1: than they are. So instead, the coastal areas are getting poisoned,

748
00:41:16,600 --> 00:41:18,799
Speaker 1: and that's where the manatees live. And when the sea

749
00:41:18,880 --> 00:41:21,600
Speaker 1: grass goes away, the mandes go away. So now they've

750
00:41:21,600 --> 00:41:25,800
Speaker 1: taken up programs of like feeding the manades expired heads

751
00:41:25,800 --> 00:41:28,560
Speaker 1: of cabbage and lettuce and stuff from grocery stores around

752
00:41:28,600 --> 00:41:31,359
Speaker 1: the state, and it seems to be sustaining them. But

753
00:41:31,400 --> 00:41:35,480
Speaker 1: the key here is to is to figure out how

754
00:41:35,480 --> 00:41:38,120
Speaker 1: to treat Lake Okachobe. That's the key. If you can

755
00:41:38,160 --> 00:41:41,040
Speaker 1: treat Lake Okachobe, you can start moving water from Lake

756
00:41:41,520 --> 00:41:45,879
Speaker 1: Okachobe down into the Everglades. You're taking an enormous first

757
00:41:45,920 --> 00:41:49,840
Speaker 1: step toward restoration, and you're also saving coastal areas that

758
00:41:49,880 --> 00:41:54,760
Speaker 1: are now just completely trashed by algae blooms and agricultural runoff.

759
00:41:55,560 --> 00:41:56,640
Speaker 3: Do it turn the water on?

760
00:41:57,320 --> 00:42:00,800
Speaker 1: Well, that's what they're doing there. So are we onto

761
00:42:01,239 --> 00:42:03,160
Speaker 1: conservation and climate change? Well?

762
00:42:03,200 --> 00:42:05,360
Speaker 2: I want to shout out our bird friends real quick, because,

763
00:42:05,960 --> 00:42:08,960
Speaker 2: like I said, early on, the alligators were neat, although

764
00:42:09,480 --> 00:42:14,440
Speaker 2: we did see baby gaiters, very very cute, all piling

765
00:42:14,480 --> 00:42:17,160
Speaker 2: on one another trying to I guess get out of

766
00:42:17,160 --> 00:42:18,600
Speaker 2: the water. There's like ten of them. They were just

767
00:42:18,600 --> 00:42:19,680
Speaker 2: climbing all over each other.

768
00:42:19,719 --> 00:42:20,600
Speaker 1: They don't get either.

769
00:42:20,920 --> 00:42:23,200
Speaker 2: Like five feet from us is very cute, But the

770
00:42:23,239 --> 00:42:25,160
Speaker 2: birds is what really knocked me out. And Emily and

771
00:42:25,239 --> 00:42:28,520
Speaker 2: I have gotten much more into I wouldn't even say birding,

772
00:42:28,600 --> 00:42:33,319
Speaker 2: but just appreciating birds enthusiasm. Like we got a bunch

773
00:42:33,400 --> 00:42:37,000
Speaker 2: of feeders now and cameras and we're looking them up more.

774
00:42:37,080 --> 00:42:39,040
Speaker 2: And she puts out her phone and then the Cornell

775
00:42:39,120 --> 00:42:42,239
Speaker 2: app you know, listens and records. So we've gotten more

776
00:42:42,280 --> 00:42:45,720
Speaker 2: into it. We don't actually go out with the binoculars yet.

777
00:42:45,920 --> 00:42:48,360
Speaker 1: I have a magazine you got me a subscription to

778
00:42:48,480 --> 00:42:50,759
Speaker 1: that I hadn't heard of before that I love that.

779
00:42:50,840 --> 00:42:53,480
Speaker 1: I think you'll like too. It's called Birds and Blooms.

780
00:42:53,760 --> 00:42:56,759
Speaker 1: Oh yeah, and essentially it's almost ad free. I don't

781
00:42:56,800 --> 00:43:00,560
Speaker 1: know how they publish. I guess just sudden subscribe. And

782
00:43:00,600 --> 00:43:02,840
Speaker 1: it's all about birds and how great birds are and

783
00:43:02,880 --> 00:43:05,040
Speaker 1: oh check out this plant and this plant beautiful. It's

784
00:43:05,040 --> 00:43:07,360
Speaker 1: almost like just appreciating this stuff for ap preaching it.

785
00:43:07,360 --> 00:43:10,200
Speaker 1: It's not just shoving conservation down your throat. It's not

786
00:43:11,239 --> 00:43:15,680
Speaker 1: there's agenda. There's no agenda, aside from appreciating birds and plants,

787
00:43:15,760 --> 00:43:17,400
Speaker 1: it's a really great magazine.

788
00:43:17,600 --> 00:43:20,400
Speaker 2: Oh, my friend, I appreciate that that is going to

789
00:43:20,440 --> 00:43:22,880
Speaker 2: be coming Emily's way, and I will tell her that

790
00:43:22,960 --> 00:43:27,040
Speaker 2: you and you me are to think sure, but anyway.

791
00:43:26,840 --> 00:43:28,719
Speaker 1: It'll probably never get back to me if you don't.

792
00:43:29,960 --> 00:43:34,200
Speaker 2: The birds down there were just amazing cranes and herons,

793
00:43:34,239 --> 00:43:39,640
Speaker 2: and the really the showstopper was that pink what's it

794
00:43:39,680 --> 00:43:43,360
Speaker 2: called the rosette spoon bill. We came upon a big

795
00:43:43,440 --> 00:43:47,160
Speaker 2: mess of them, and I was just like, you got it,

796
00:43:47,200 --> 00:43:49,920
Speaker 2: Like it was in the swamp road ahead of us.

797
00:43:50,080 --> 00:43:51,160
Speaker 1: How tall I knew it he was.

798
00:43:51,320 --> 00:43:53,640
Speaker 2: I knew what he was going to do, and he

799
00:43:54,040 --> 00:43:55,960
Speaker 2: cut the engine and we watched them and stuff. But

800
00:43:56,000 --> 00:43:58,239
Speaker 2: then you know, he drives and they fly away, and

801
00:43:58,560 --> 00:44:00,600
Speaker 2: all I could think of was sorry.

802
00:44:00,960 --> 00:44:03,359
Speaker 1: Sorry for disturbing you. Yeah, how tall are they?

803
00:44:04,920 --> 00:44:06,919
Speaker 2: They were about the same size as like a hair

804
00:44:06,960 --> 00:44:09,240
Speaker 2: in her crane, it seemed like. But just the spoon

805
00:44:09,280 --> 00:44:11,759
Speaker 2: bills are cool looking, and then when they take off

806
00:44:11,760 --> 00:44:13,799
Speaker 2: and fly, they're just this like flamingo pink.

807
00:44:13,840 --> 00:44:14,400
Speaker 3: It's amazing.

808
00:44:14,480 --> 00:44:18,160
Speaker 1: That's really cool, man. Yeah, lots of butterflies down there, too,

809
00:44:18,200 --> 00:44:19,720
Speaker 1: which I'm a big fan of as well.

810
00:44:20,320 --> 00:44:23,320
Speaker 2: Yeah, and hopefully we're going to be doing If you're saying,

811
00:44:23,400 --> 00:44:26,000
Speaker 2: how can you not talk about orchids, I think we're

812
00:44:26,000 --> 00:44:27,680
Speaker 2: going to do maybe a shorty.

813
00:44:27,520 --> 00:44:28,280
Speaker 3: Just on orchids.

814
00:44:28,360 --> 00:44:34,319
Speaker 1: Yes, So, as I was saying, there's some steps that

815
00:44:34,560 --> 00:44:37,560
Speaker 1: need to be taken to restore the Everglades, and there's

816
00:44:38,200 --> 00:44:41,800
Speaker 1: been a huge push to restoring the Everglades for decades now.

817
00:44:42,719 --> 00:44:45,320
Speaker 1: Unesco put it on his World Heritage List in nineteen

818
00:44:45,400 --> 00:44:50,000
Speaker 1: seventy nine, and even long before that, people will be like,

819
00:44:50,040 --> 00:44:52,520
Speaker 1: we've got to stop screwing with this stuff. We have

820
00:44:52,640 --> 00:44:54,920
Speaker 1: messed it up so bad with the system of canals

821
00:44:54,920 --> 00:44:59,719
Speaker 1: and ditches and dykes and levees and dams. We've got

822
00:44:59,719 --> 00:45:02,920
Speaker 1: to just undo some of this. And there was a

823
00:45:03,000 --> 00:45:05,840
Speaker 1: huge push to to actually do that, and in two thousand,

824
00:45:06,080 --> 00:45:09,440
Speaker 1: back when Congress was capable of being bipartisan, they passed

825
00:45:09,440 --> 00:45:14,840
Speaker 1: the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan SERP, and SERP essentially said

826
00:45:14,960 --> 00:45:18,360
Speaker 1: we're going to undo as much of that C and

827
00:45:18,600 --> 00:45:23,520
Speaker 1: SF project work as possible and just let the Everglades

828
00:45:23,560 --> 00:45:28,319
Speaker 1: be what the Everglades are. And had anyone been on

829
00:45:28,360 --> 00:45:32,080
Speaker 1: the ball and funding come through early, it would be

830
00:45:32,160 --> 00:45:34,640
Speaker 1: done by now. It was projected to cost eight billion

831
00:45:34,680 --> 00:45:37,480
Speaker 1: dollars in twenty years, and that is not at all

832
00:45:37,520 --> 00:45:40,520
Speaker 1: how it worked out at all. They're actually just now

833
00:45:41,080 --> 00:45:44,120
Speaker 1: starting a lot of the projects, and by a lot

834
00:45:44,120 --> 00:45:47,200
Speaker 1: of the projects, I mean a tiny fraction of what's

835
00:45:47,320 --> 00:45:48,480
Speaker 1: needed to be done.

836
00:45:49,000 --> 00:45:51,839
Speaker 2: Yeah, and you know, Kenny said the same thing that

837
00:45:51,880 --> 00:45:56,960
Speaker 2: you know, there's still real estate encroaching and developers encroaching,

838
00:45:57,080 --> 00:45:59,960
Speaker 2: so it seems like a one step forward.

839
00:45:59,800 --> 00:46:01,160
Speaker 3: To steps back situation.

840
00:46:01,360 --> 00:46:05,600
Speaker 2: Yeah, that they're still draining more wetlands to expand you know,

841
00:46:06,680 --> 00:46:10,400
Speaker 2: living space and grocery stores and everything else that people

842
00:46:10,520 --> 00:46:14,799
Speaker 2: use further and further into it. So it's fairly discouraging.

843
00:46:15,680 --> 00:46:18,719
Speaker 2: I know that was at one point a deal to

844
00:46:18,920 --> 00:46:23,279
Speaker 2: buy back a bunch of land from US Sugar, but

845
00:46:23,360 --> 00:46:27,480
Speaker 2: thanks to the two thousand and eight financial crisis that

846
00:46:27,560 --> 00:46:29,640
Speaker 2: went belly up, right.

847
00:46:29,880 --> 00:46:32,120
Speaker 1: Didn't that just anger you? So this would have been

848
00:46:32,120 --> 00:46:35,799
Speaker 1: a huge, huge step because this was prime agricultural land

849
00:46:35,840 --> 00:46:38,760
Speaker 1: that was below Lake Okeachobean. If they could basically flood

850
00:46:38,760 --> 00:46:41,719
Speaker 1: that again, it would it would restore water back to

851
00:46:41,760 --> 00:46:45,120
Speaker 1: the Everglades. Would have been huge and US Sugar who

852
00:46:45,239 --> 00:46:47,479
Speaker 1: up until you said it, I've been pronouncing in my head.

853
00:46:47,640 --> 00:46:51,600
Speaker 1: US Sugar. They were on board, and a lot of

854
00:46:51,640 --> 00:46:54,359
Speaker 1: people were critical that Florida was going to spend one

855
00:46:54,360 --> 00:46:57,960
Speaker 1: point seven five billion dollars to buy like one hundred

856
00:46:58,000 --> 00:47:00,759
Speaker 1: and eighty thousand acres from US Sugar because it was

857
00:47:00,760 --> 00:47:04,680
Speaker 1: a struggling company to begin with, and YadA, YadA, YadA.

858
00:47:04,680 --> 00:47:09,200
Speaker 1: But all of those political obstacles and it was basically

859
00:47:09,239 --> 00:47:14,560
Speaker 1: a done deal. And then the financial crisis happened and

860
00:47:14,600 --> 00:47:18,000
Speaker 1: all those stupid banks that screwed up the entire global

861
00:47:18,040 --> 00:47:22,320
Speaker 1: economy also prevented the Everglades Restoration Room taking that enormous

862
00:47:22,320 --> 00:47:25,120
Speaker 1: step forward because Floor is like, oh, we don't have

863
00:47:25,160 --> 00:47:27,080
Speaker 1: any money all of a sudden, and we really need

864
00:47:27,120 --> 00:47:28,279
Speaker 1: every penny we can get.

865
00:47:28,920 --> 00:47:31,880
Speaker 3: Yeah, that's a real thumb in the eye.

866
00:47:32,080 --> 00:47:36,160
Speaker 2: Yeah, well, we promised a little bit more talk of

867
00:47:36,200 --> 00:47:39,880
Speaker 2: Pete and I'm glad Lyvia found this because I'm just

868
00:47:40,239 --> 00:47:42,000
Speaker 2: I think both it was pretty knocked out by Pete.

869
00:47:42,000 --> 00:47:45,160
Speaker 2: Maybe we should do a Pete cast one day. Yeah,

870
00:47:45,200 --> 00:47:49,160
Speaker 2: but there's a lot of that Pete rich soil underneath

871
00:47:49,239 --> 00:47:53,120
Speaker 2: the marshes there. And you talked earlier about what was

872
00:47:53,120 --> 00:47:54,400
Speaker 2: it that was the opposite of pete.

873
00:47:54,920 --> 00:47:55,280
Speaker 1: Marl.

874
00:47:55,800 --> 00:47:58,600
Speaker 2: Yeah, Marl was the opposite of pete. Pete forms from

875
00:47:58,760 --> 00:48:03,440
Speaker 2: organic materials that don't have oxygen. They're shielded from oxygen

876
00:48:03,760 --> 00:48:06,239
Speaker 2: so they don't break down. And that's why you can

877
00:48:06,280 --> 00:48:12,160
Speaker 2: find like amazing discoveries and peat bogs. The wetland dries up, though,

878
00:48:12,680 --> 00:48:15,359
Speaker 2: and that stuff can all of a sudden burn that's

879
00:48:15,360 --> 00:48:17,719
Speaker 2: going to release a bunch of carbon into the atmosphere,

880
00:48:18,280 --> 00:48:20,880
Speaker 2: and it's you know, all of a sudden, the peat

881
00:48:20,960 --> 00:48:21,839
Speaker 2: is threatened as well.

882
00:48:22,400 --> 00:48:25,640
Speaker 1: Yeah. So yeah, there's a lot of problems with climate

883
00:48:25,719 --> 00:48:28,280
Speaker 1: change that climate change is going to bring to the Everglades,

884
00:48:28,480 --> 00:48:31,439
Speaker 1: and one of them is that restoration. The restoration plan

885
00:48:31,520 --> 00:48:34,960
Speaker 1: that was adopted in two thousand did not plan for

886
00:48:35,200 --> 00:48:38,560
Speaker 1: climate change. So they're having to figure out how to

887
00:48:38,719 --> 00:48:43,319
Speaker 1: implement these these things now, the projects now, without going

888
00:48:43,320 --> 00:48:45,520
Speaker 1: back to the drawing board and starting over and losing

889
00:48:45,560 --> 00:48:50,000
Speaker 1: tons of ground and time, but also without spending billions

890
00:48:50,000 --> 00:48:52,280
Speaker 1: of dollars on things that aren't going to work because

891
00:48:52,320 --> 00:48:54,560
Speaker 1: the Everglades are going to change with the climate. So

892
00:48:54,640 --> 00:48:57,279
Speaker 1: that's currently where they're what they're trying to figure out.

893
00:48:57,680 --> 00:49:04,960
Speaker 1: Oh yeah, yeah, and I recommend two different articles that

894
00:49:05,040 --> 00:49:09,040
Speaker 1: have two really different views of what's going on for

895
00:49:09,120 --> 00:49:13,359
Speaker 1: a really really sunny view that I almost found suspicious,

896
00:49:13,440 --> 00:49:17,080
Speaker 1: as if as if some AI wrote it, knew what

897
00:49:17,200 --> 00:49:19,480
Speaker 1: I was researching, and wrote it and served it up

898
00:49:19,520 --> 00:49:21,239
Speaker 1: to me just in time for me to report on

899
00:49:21,280 --> 00:49:24,279
Speaker 1: it to you guys. I don't think that's a thing yet,

900
00:49:24,280 --> 00:49:28,640
Speaker 1: but it made me think like that's coming in the future. Yeah.

901
00:49:28,960 --> 00:49:32,279
Speaker 1: I think it's called like a bypass surgery for the Everglades.

902
00:49:32,320 --> 00:49:35,520
Speaker 1: It's on fizz org and it's pretty good. It's very interesting,

903
00:49:35,800 --> 00:49:37,799
Speaker 1: but again it's got a really sunny outlook for the

904
00:49:37,840 --> 00:49:42,520
Speaker 1: opposite outlook. There is a up first public radio interview

905
00:49:42,760 --> 00:49:46,840
Speaker 1: with Jenny Stilettovich, who's a public radio reporter who reports

906
00:49:46,880 --> 00:49:50,680
Speaker 1: on the Everglades and has forever, and that's called how

907
00:49:50,719 --> 00:49:54,600
Speaker 1: to Save the Everglades. Would strongly recommend listening or reading

908
00:49:54,680 --> 00:49:57,360
Speaker 1: to that as well as that fizz org article, and

909
00:49:57,400 --> 00:49:59,680
Speaker 1: I'll give you a pretty clear perspective on what's going on.

910
00:50:00,560 --> 00:50:03,240
Speaker 2: Phyzorg sounds like Snoop Dogg named that what a perfect

911
00:50:03,280 --> 00:50:03,960
Speaker 2: way to end.

912
00:50:04,360 --> 00:50:08,120
Speaker 1: Very nice well. Chuck made another Snoop Dogg reference to

913
00:50:08,239 --> 00:50:11,560
Speaker 1: circle things up again, and of course that has just

914
00:50:11,600 --> 00:50:12,680
Speaker 1: triggered listener mail.

915
00:50:12,760 --> 00:50:18,879
Speaker 3: Whether we like it or not, we're gonna shout out.

916
00:50:18,960 --> 00:50:20,400
Speaker 2: I don't know if you did you see that flood

917
00:50:20,400 --> 00:50:22,200
Speaker 2: of emails come in from those high school kids.

918
00:50:23,239 --> 00:50:24,680
Speaker 3: No, okay, you will.

919
00:50:24,680 --> 00:50:27,000
Speaker 2: It was sort of right in the last hour before

920
00:50:27,000 --> 00:50:30,640
Speaker 2: we recorded, we got like ten or twelve emails all

921
00:50:30,680 --> 00:50:33,279
Speaker 2: at the same time from a high school class. So

922
00:50:33,320 --> 00:50:36,359
Speaker 2: I was like, somebody had an assignment, nice, and I'm

923
00:50:36,400 --> 00:50:38,400
Speaker 2: going to read one of them and shout out the rest.

924
00:50:38,640 --> 00:50:41,319
Speaker 2: This was called subject line. My teacher forced me to

925
00:50:41,360 --> 00:50:46,440
Speaker 2: do this. I'm not gonna say which student Ms Tiak

926
00:50:46,600 --> 00:50:49,040
Speaker 2: wrote this one, but I bet you could probably figure

927
00:50:49,080 --> 00:50:51,720
Speaker 2: it out. Hey, guys, really enjoy listening to your podcast.

928
00:50:51,800 --> 00:50:53,839
Speaker 2: I've been listening for the past month or so. So

929
00:50:53,920 --> 00:50:55,319
Speaker 2: far I've learned a lot from it. One of my

930
00:50:55,360 --> 00:50:58,440
Speaker 2: favorite topics was the origin of math symbols, since I'm

931
00:50:58,480 --> 00:51:01,880
Speaker 2: a big math person. I'm an ap English language student

932
00:51:01,880 --> 00:51:05,040
Speaker 2: at Wasco High School. My teacher is a huge fan

933
00:51:06,120 --> 00:51:08,040
Speaker 2: of both of you guys, and it's been making us

934
00:51:08,080 --> 00:51:10,240
Speaker 2: listen to a podcast episode every week.

935
00:51:10,320 --> 00:51:10,640
Speaker 1: Nice.

936
00:51:10,680 --> 00:51:13,800
Speaker 2: So we gained general knowledge for our argument essay in

937
00:51:13,840 --> 00:51:18,120
Speaker 2: the ape exam. She is now forcing us to send

938
00:51:18,120 --> 00:51:19,760
Speaker 2: a listener mail for a grade.

939
00:51:20,520 --> 00:51:22,040
Speaker 3: If you happen to see this, can I get a

940
00:51:22,080 --> 00:51:24,680
Speaker 3: thank you to Ms Tiak?

941
00:51:25,360 --> 00:51:26,160
Speaker 1: How do you spell it?

942
00:51:26,520 --> 00:51:27,560
Speaker 3: T y A c K.

943
00:51:27,920 --> 00:51:28,439
Speaker 1: Great name?

944
00:51:29,000 --> 00:51:32,400
Speaker 3: Unless the ta is silent, then it's just yak or

945
00:51:32,480 --> 00:51:36,399
Speaker 3: unless the why silent? In this tech? Sure, what if

946
00:51:36,400 --> 00:51:40,239
Speaker 3: the A silent then it'd be tyke. What if the

947
00:51:40,239 --> 00:51:42,960
Speaker 3: c K is silent, it'd be tia?

948
00:51:43,680 --> 00:51:44,360
Speaker 1: Very nice?

949
00:51:44,560 --> 00:51:45,120
Speaker 3: Anything else?

950
00:51:45,480 --> 00:51:47,160
Speaker 1: I think we've covered the big ones.

951
00:51:48,040 --> 00:51:50,080
Speaker 2: I would actually like to thank you for giving our

952
00:51:50,080 --> 00:51:52,680
Speaker 2: class more knowledge in order to hopefully use it in

953
00:51:52,719 --> 00:51:55,799
Speaker 2: the exam. Again, thank you keep educating the world in

954
00:51:55,840 --> 00:51:58,719
Speaker 2: an entertaining way. Actually, that was a nice email, so

955
00:51:58,760 --> 00:51:59,880
Speaker 2: I'm gonna go ahead and say that was from a

956
00:52:00,239 --> 00:52:08,200
Speaker 2: Neil Neil and big shout out to Jessica, Damien, Elijah, Abel, Dalen, Marianna, Yeah,

957
00:52:08,360 --> 00:52:09,080
Speaker 2: an Angel.

958
00:52:09,800 --> 00:52:12,399
Speaker 1: Great lineup of names or in hell, I'm not sure,

959
00:52:13,080 --> 00:52:16,240
Speaker 1: and it's a great lineup of people too, I'm sure.

960
00:52:16,560 --> 00:52:19,239
Speaker 2: And hey, this just in We don't normally do this,

961
00:52:19,320 --> 00:52:21,960
Speaker 2: but we got a bunch of more emails from kids

962
00:52:22,400 --> 00:52:25,359
Speaker 2: from this class, and you can't just read a third

963
00:52:25,360 --> 00:52:26,680
Speaker 2: of the kids' names and be done with it.

964
00:52:26,719 --> 00:52:29,000
Speaker 1: You know, Chuck, what day is it? What's going on?

965
00:52:29,560 --> 00:52:31,640
Speaker 2: I mean, this is much later, but like, you got

966
00:52:31,760 --> 00:52:33,440
Speaker 2: to read all these kids' names, so we're gonna do

967
00:52:33,440 --> 00:52:36,080
Speaker 2: that right now. This must be many classes, there's no

968
00:52:36,080 --> 00:52:39,080
Speaker 2: way all these kids are one class. But in addition

969
00:52:39,160 --> 00:52:41,279
Speaker 2: to the ones we read, can we also shout out

970
00:52:41,920 --> 00:52:45,640
Speaker 2: from that ap class? Ian and Brie and Megan and

971
00:52:45,760 --> 00:52:51,279
Speaker 2: Eileen and Jocelyn and Marisol and Amanda and Alexis and

972
00:52:51,400 --> 00:52:57,680
Speaker 2: Charisma and Celeste and Nicholas and Cecilia and Garelli and

973
00:52:57,760 --> 00:52:58,640
Speaker 2: alex and Inez.

974
00:52:59,400 --> 00:53:00,000
Speaker 3: You think I'm done?

975
00:53:01,160 --> 00:53:04,879
Speaker 2: Yeah, nope, halfway there, my friend. Wow, because we also

976
00:53:04,920 --> 00:53:08,799
Speaker 2: have to thank Paulina and Arturo and Jacqueline and Antonio

977
00:53:08,920 --> 00:53:12,120
Speaker 2: and Lauren and Brittany I see you, Brittany and Victoria

978
00:53:12,560 --> 00:53:17,880
Speaker 2: and Isack what a name Isick? And then finally Juliette, Jasmine, Ava,

979
00:53:18,719 --> 00:53:24,840
Speaker 2: Sebastian and of course dearest Kiardon all wrote in and

980
00:53:24,880 --> 00:53:26,680
Speaker 2: there was one student that was.

981
00:53:26,640 --> 00:53:29,000
Speaker 3: Like, don't read my name, hooper humperdink.

982
00:53:29,440 --> 00:53:31,680
Speaker 2: So we're not going to, but uh just wanted to

983
00:53:31,680 --> 00:53:33,439
Speaker 2: give everyone in the class a shout out.

984
00:53:33,719 --> 00:53:35,640
Speaker 1: That's awesome. Sounds like a great bunch.

985
00:53:35,480 --> 00:53:39,160
Speaker 2: Chuck, Yeah, so uh, Miss Tiack give everyone a great

986
00:53:39,200 --> 00:53:42,800
Speaker 2: grade and a big shout out to the ap English

987
00:53:42,800 --> 00:53:44,000
Speaker 2: class at Wasco High.

988
00:53:44,120 --> 00:53:47,120
Speaker 1: Yeah, huge shout out. And if you want to be

989
00:53:47,239 --> 00:53:50,520
Speaker 1: like Miss txx class and get in touch with us

990
00:53:50,560 --> 00:53:54,040
Speaker 1: for whatever reason we want to hear from you, you

991
00:53:54,080 --> 00:53:57,399
Speaker 1: can send it via email to stuff podcast at iHeartRadio

992
00:53:57,440 --> 00:54:01,600
Speaker 1: dot com.

993
00:54:01,800 --> 00:54:04,680
Speaker 3: Stuff you Should Know is a production of iHeartRadio. For

994
00:54:04,760 --> 00:54:08,960
Speaker 3: more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts,

995
00:54:09,080 --> 00:54:10,920
Speaker 3: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.