WEBVTT - Animal Migration: Where's that gnu gnoing?

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<v Speaker 1>Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera.

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<v Speaker 1>It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you Should Know

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<v Speaker 1>from House Stuff Works dot com? Hey, and welcome to

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<v Speaker 1>the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, right,

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<v Speaker 1>and this is Stuff you Should Know the podcast edition

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<v Speaker 1>of the podcast. But we should change the name of

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<v Speaker 1>the show to like stuff you might want to know

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<v Speaker 1>if you're you know, if you care about being an

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<v Speaker 1>enlightened individual. We need a colon in there. We've been

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<v Speaker 1>using colons alt l. Let's not change the name. We

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<v Speaker 1>should change the name to just try and find a pulse.

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<v Speaker 1>That's good, Thank you, Chuck. Yes, have you ever seen

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<v Speaker 1>him animal migrate? I see my dogs migrating to the

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<v Speaker 1>food bowl at five o'clock every day. Yeah, I guess

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<v Speaker 1>that is kind of migration. Yeah. Actually I see them

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<v Speaker 1>migrate to me at like four thirty and starts staring

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<v Speaker 1>at me like you know, you gotta Feti's right. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>we talked about that and can dogs perceived time? That's right? Um,

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<v Speaker 1>I have seen animals migrate on the YouTube's Oh it's gorgeous.

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<v Speaker 1>It is, I mean, it's unbelievable. It is, especially depending

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<v Speaker 1>like the monarch butterflies. To everyone's like, that's the money migration,

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<v Speaker 1>not to me. Have you seen the bats, the fruit

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<v Speaker 1>bats in Zambia. That's pretty amazing. It is amazing and

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<v Speaker 1>like horrific. If you don't like bats, I like the

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<v Speaker 1>mammalion ones, like the elk, thousands and thousands of them

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<v Speaker 1>steaming across the tundra. Uh. And the the yeah, caribou,

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<v Speaker 1>that's another one. Um. Will the beasts also called gnoos

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<v Speaker 1>no canoes is good gnoos? Gary, Did you know that?

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<v Speaker 1>I didn't know that the will the beast a k a.

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<v Speaker 1>The canoo is also known for its huge migration, and

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<v Speaker 1>that doesn't always go very well. Did you know that?

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<v Speaker 1>What with? Uh? What happened in a river in Kenya

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<v Speaker 1>in two thousand and seven ten thousand, Will the Beasts

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<v Speaker 1>drowned at this one spot in this river because one

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<v Speaker 1>of them went in and got swept away, and the

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<v Speaker 1>rest of whom were like, oh, we went in, Well,

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<v Speaker 1>I guess we all just crossed and that's really sad. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>One person of the population of the African will the

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<v Speaker 1>best population, died in that river that day. Quite a

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<v Speaker 1>mess too, I imagine. Yeah, I mean that would probably

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<v Speaker 1>damn up the river. I would think, I would think.

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<v Speaker 1>So ten thousand canoes will the beasts? I mean they're

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<v Speaker 1>about four and a half feet tall at the shoulder.

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<v Speaker 1>They're big, um and yeah, ten thousand of them, that's

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<v Speaker 1>a lot of biomass. It's like when a whale gets beached.

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<v Speaker 1>Do you remember the one in Oregon in the seventies

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<v Speaker 1>that they blew up with kin of mine? Yeah, so

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<v Speaker 1>that's migration, Chuck, you got anything else, listener, mail it

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<v Speaker 1>just blacked out, Josh. Migration if we should define it

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<v Speaker 1>for our foreign friends, exactly. It is a large scale

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<v Speaker 1>movement of an animal species, and typically it's because of

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<v Speaker 1>a few things like whether or mating, or food trying

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<v Speaker 1>to find resources. Yeah, so when you said that you

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<v Speaker 1>see your dogs migrate to their food bowl every day,

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<v Speaker 1>that does technically count its migration because most of the

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<v Speaker 1>reason things migrates food, and then the other ones are

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<v Speaker 1>generally secondary. Josh, what are the three types of migration?

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<v Speaker 1>There is irreversive migration, eruptive migration. I just made up

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<v Speaker 1>a word. Irreversive and not eruptive is in the volcano.

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<v Speaker 1>But I are are compeat. That's right, um, And that

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<v Speaker 1>doesn't follow a pattern. Uh. Usually it kind of the

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<v Speaker 1>basically the species is making it up as it goes along. Um.

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<v Speaker 1>The wilder beasts are known for eruptive uh migration because

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<v Speaker 1>they follow water and wherever the water is, they're going

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<v Speaker 1>to it and apparently drowning in. And they said to

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<v Speaker 1>in this article, which is crazy that they will. Their

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<v Speaker 1>migration patterns can be based on like thunderclouds. Well, yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>they hear thunder, go to the thunder because that's where

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<v Speaker 1>the rain is, meaning that's where the water is. It's

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<v Speaker 1>just so cool. How smart the stupid looking cannon is

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<v Speaker 1>means didn't carry you to wear a turtleneck and a jacket.

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<v Speaker 1>I think it was a dickey okay, uh josh. Another

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<v Speaker 1>one is complete and partial migration. Um. Obviously, complete is

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<v Speaker 1>when the entire species migrates. Um. Partial usually happens when

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<v Speaker 1>you have such a range in your species that some

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<v Speaker 1>of you live where it's nice and warm you don't

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<v Speaker 1>have to go anywhere, and some of you live where

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<v Speaker 1>it's cold. And the barn owl is a good example

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<v Speaker 1>of that one. Partial migration is basically just species showing

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<v Speaker 1>off how much range. It has like some of us

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<v Speaker 1>don't even need to migrate exactly. There's also um altitude

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<v Speaker 1>altitudinal migration, where you're a billy goat up in the

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<v Speaker 1>Alps and it starts to snow and get a little

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<v Speaker 1>cold for you, so you move a little further down

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<v Speaker 1>the mountain. Yeah, being banged boom migration done. And the

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<v Speaker 1>final one, actually I think I said three, this is

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<v Speaker 1>more like five. Uh, is the saddest one of all,

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<v Speaker 1>and that's removal migration. And that is when wherever you're living,

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<v Speaker 1>for one reason or another, whether it's deforestation or drain

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<v Speaker 1>swampland swampland or climate, is just not the place to

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<v Speaker 1>live anymore, and you just pack your bags as a

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<v Speaker 1>species and leave, never to come back. It is the

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<v Speaker 1>saddest migration. I think. So um, so chuck. That's the

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<v Speaker 1>types of migration, the three slash five types three to

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<v Speaker 1>five yeah. Um. And what we're finding is from the outside,

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<v Speaker 1>it looks like people who studied migration, before we studied migration,

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<v Speaker 1>it was just like I like, the animals are moving again. Um.

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<v Speaker 1>But people have given it a lot more um evaluation

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<v Speaker 1>over the last decades century. Year two right, um and

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<v Speaker 1>they're finding that there's pretty much well, like we said, food, breeding,

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<v Speaker 1>in mating, and um climate climate, those are the reasons

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<v Speaker 1>and they all equal survival. Yes, that's the whole point, right,

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<v Speaker 1>you said that um partial migration is based on range. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>what animals need is food. You gotta have food to survive,

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<v Speaker 1>and for the most part, that's why animals migrate is

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<v Speaker 1>for food. And what's interesting too, it's it's not always

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<v Speaker 1>a migration to like, oh, let's go find because there's

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<v Speaker 1>tons of food over here. Sometimes they're smart enough to

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<v Speaker 1>know we'll deplete all the food here if we don't

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<v Speaker 1>move around some and we want to survive as a species,

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<v Speaker 1>so we're not going to take all the food here.

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<v Speaker 1>We're gonna migrate over and kind of spread it around

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<v Speaker 1>so we can all live. Right, It's pretty cool. Water

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<v Speaker 1>also falls into that category of survival as well, like

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<v Speaker 1>the wilderbeeste which we were talking about, right, Um. And

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<v Speaker 1>then there's breeding and mating as reasons for migration. Whales

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<v Speaker 1>are very very famous for migration for both actually for

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<v Speaker 1>feeding and for breeding. Right, So they migrate to the

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<v Speaker 1>poles in the summertime thousands of miles. Yeah, Um, they

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<v Speaker 1>migrate to the poles in the summertime to go feast

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<v Speaker 1>on krill, but their calves when they're born don't have

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<v Speaker 1>enough lover to survive in the polar climate that's adorable,

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<v Speaker 1>so they go toward the equator the tropical climates to

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<v Speaker 1>um mate and and reproduce. Do you ever look at

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<v Speaker 1>animals and think they figured it all out and humans

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<v Speaker 1>are just messing it all up? Yes, frequently, I say

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<v Speaker 1>that all the time to myself. The chinook salmon josh

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<v Speaker 1>is one in relation to mating and breeding, and they

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<v Speaker 1>are famous for heading out to see as adults after

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<v Speaker 1>they're born in the river, and then later in life

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<v Speaker 1>they swim back upriver and they lay their eggs at

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<v Speaker 1>the same hospital where they were born, the same little

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<v Speaker 1>river spot, because they're going to be eaten in the

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<v Speaker 1>open sea, so they go back to where they're born

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<v Speaker 1>because it worked for them. Well, that's exactly why they

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<v Speaker 1>do it. That's amazing because they know that the spot

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<v Speaker 1>is because I'm alive, it's safe. I know this is

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<v Speaker 1>a safe spot for me. Plus I haven't been by

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<v Speaker 1>there for a while. I need to say hey to

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<v Speaker 1>the to the old neighborhood exactly see what's going on?

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<v Speaker 1>And check you're talking about removal migration. UM. There's a

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<v Speaker 1>pretty there's a good example of UM. What happens as

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<v Speaker 1>a result of removal migration UM in the whooping crane? Right,

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<v Speaker 1>this is the best story. Do you like this one?

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<v Speaker 1>It's really awesome. The being crane UH in the United

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<v Speaker 1>States went down to twenty birds in the wild for

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<v Speaker 1>a little while. That's not a good part, by the way,

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<v Speaker 1>that's the funny part. Here's the good part. UH. The

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<v Speaker 1>eastern population of the species was completely wiped out and

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<v Speaker 1>the western population was pretty much keeping the species alive.

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<v Speaker 1>So I guess to oppose removal migration, is it Rutgers?

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<v Speaker 1>I believe it was Rutgers ornithologists UM really started to

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<v Speaker 1>take a real shine to the whooping crane and and

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<v Speaker 1>wanted to get the population back up, and so they

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<v Speaker 1>started breeding them in captivity. The problem is the annual

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<v Speaker 1>migration of the whooping crane is about twelve miles. They

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<v Speaker 1>go from the north down to Florida. UM. They learned

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<v Speaker 1>that that's intergenerational knowledge, right, So the ones in the east,

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<v Speaker 1>they have no idea how get from there there where

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<v Speaker 1>they live during the summertime, down south in the winter.

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<v Speaker 1>They don't know the route because those people who used

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<v Speaker 1>to or those cranes that used to have that knowledge

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<v Speaker 1>died out right. I know, it's so sad, So tell

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<v Speaker 1>them what they're doing, Chuck, Well, this is the cool thing.

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<v Speaker 1>As sad as that is, and as down on humans

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<v Speaker 1>as I am, there are humans that do amazing things

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<v Speaker 1>like this. They basically dressed up and whooping crane costumes

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<v Speaker 1>from the time these little chickies were born to acclimate

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<v Speaker 1>them to to you know, the adults and uh, the

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<v Speaker 1>sound of an ultralight aircraft from the time they were

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<v Speaker 1>little ones. Stick got them used to that sound. Then

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<v Speaker 1>when the time came to my great Josh, the birds,

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<v Speaker 1>a guy got into an ultralight aircraft dressed dressed as

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<v Speaker 1>a whooping crane and flew from Wisconsin to Florida and

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<v Speaker 1>lead these birds and basically said, this is the way

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<v Speaker 1>to go, This is how you're going to survive. How

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<v Speaker 1>awesome is that? It's pretty awesome and it worked so far.

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<v Speaker 1>So far. They're what they're hoping is, obviously in generations

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<v Speaker 1>to come, that they have learned this and they'll be

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<v Speaker 1>able to pass it down. Yeah, exactly, Yeah, that's so awesome. UM.

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<v Speaker 1>That's pretty rare actually that we understand why or how

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<v Speaker 1>a species UM migrates for the most part, how and

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<v Speaker 1>when or how they how they know to migrate. It's

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<v Speaker 1>still relatively a mystery. UM. There's different ways that that

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<v Speaker 1>we think an animal species can say, Okay, it's time

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<v Speaker 1>to go to Florida um. And one of the one

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<v Speaker 1>of the big ones, is called the photo period based

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<v Speaker 1>on the Circadian rhythm or the Circulean rhythm. Sunlight