1 00:00:15,436 --> 00:00:15,876 Speaker 1: Pushkin. 2 00:00:20,236 --> 00:00:25,836 Speaker 2: Americans do this really weird thing. Expectant parents hold gender 3 00:00:25,996 --> 00:00:27,396 Speaker 2: reveal parties. 4 00:00:27,756 --> 00:00:30,716 Speaker 3: Now to the mystery explosion that rocked a southern New 5 00:00:30,756 --> 00:00:31,596 Speaker 3: Hampshire town. 6 00:00:35,436 --> 00:00:39,756 Speaker 2: They often feature explosions with smoke that's either pink or blue. 7 00:00:40,156 --> 00:00:42,476 Speaker 2: An alarming number of these stunts have gone ry. 8 00:00:42,876 --> 00:00:46,156 Speaker 3: Turns out that blast came from an over the top 9 00:00:46,276 --> 00:00:50,876 Speaker 3: gender reveal party, a couple apparently using explosives to announce 10 00:00:50,876 --> 00:00:51,916 Speaker 3: the sex of their baby. 11 00:00:52,196 --> 00:00:55,636 Speaker 2: People have been killed, houses have burned to the ground, 12 00:00:55,836 --> 00:00:56,716 Speaker 2: even forests. 13 00:00:56,876 --> 00:00:59,356 Speaker 4: We begin tonight with new video released from the US 14 00:00:59,436 --> 00:01:03,356 Speaker 4: fourst Service showing the moment a gender reveal video started 15 00:01:03,396 --> 00:01:05,836 Speaker 4: the forty seven thousand acre sawmill fire. 16 00:01:09,596 --> 00:01:12,796 Speaker 2: For their first baby. Elon Musk and his then girlfriend, 17 00:01:12,956 --> 00:01:17,196 Speaker 2: the musician Grimes didn't hold a gender reveal party in 18 00:01:17,236 --> 00:01:21,316 Speaker 2: a way. They did the opposite. In twenty twenty, on Twitter, 19 00:01:21,596 --> 00:01:25,116 Speaker 2: they announced the birth of a baby named X. Grimes 20 00:01:25,196 --> 00:01:28,756 Speaker 2: said the baby would be raised without a gender. Like 21 00:01:28,876 --> 00:01:32,716 Speaker 2: most things involving Musk, this idea has ties to science fiction. 22 00:01:33,596 --> 00:01:36,956 Speaker 5: Once upon a time, a baby named X was born. 23 00:01:37,436 --> 00:01:40,036 Speaker 2: The story of Baby X was published in nineteen seventy 24 00:01:40,076 --> 00:01:44,076 Speaker 2: two in Miss, a feminist magazine. During its very first year, 25 00:01:44,396 --> 00:01:46,476 Speaker 2: at the height of the women's liberation movement. 26 00:01:46,916 --> 00:01:50,076 Speaker 5: This baby was named X so that nobody could tell 27 00:01:50,156 --> 00:01:53,556 Speaker 5: whether it was a boy or a girl. Its parents 28 00:01:53,556 --> 00:01:57,236 Speaker 5: could tell, of course, but they couldn't tell anybody else. 29 00:01:57,996 --> 00:02:02,076 Speaker 5: They couldn't even tell Baby X, at least not until 30 00:02:02,196 --> 00:02:05,716 Speaker 5: much much later. You see, it was all part of 31 00:02:05,756 --> 00:02:11,276 Speaker 5: a very important secret scientific X known officially as Project 32 00:02:11,396 --> 00:02:12,156 Speaker 5: Baby X. 33 00:02:17,156 --> 00:02:21,196 Speaker 2: Baby X began as a feminist thought experiment. How did 34 00:02:21,236 --> 00:02:23,876 Speaker 2: it come to be the name of Elon Musk's youngest child? 35 00:02:24,676 --> 00:02:27,356 Speaker 2: In a broader sense, what's the place of ideas about 36 00:02:27,396 --> 00:02:31,596 Speaker 2: families in Silicon Valley futurism? And are there other ideas 37 00:02:31,636 --> 00:02:33,756 Speaker 2: about families that maybe ought to have a place in 38 00:02:33,796 --> 00:02:41,156 Speaker 2: any vision of the future. Welcome to X Man, the 39 00:02:41,276 --> 00:02:45,596 Speaker 2: Elon Musk origin Story. I'm Jill Lapour. I'm a historian, 40 00:02:45,676 --> 00:02:48,476 Speaker 2: a professor at Harvard, and for a long time I've 41 00:02:48,476 --> 00:02:53,716 Speaker 2: been studying the relationship between technological and political change. This series, 42 00:02:53,756 --> 00:02:56,996 Speaker 2: I'm exploring a new kind of capitalism. Call it Muskism. 43 00:02:57,516 --> 00:03:03,636 Speaker 2: Extravagant extreme capitalism. Extraterrestrial capitalism. Were stock prices for projects 44 00:03:03,636 --> 00:03:09,196 Speaker 2: from Tesla and SpaceX to cryptocurrencies and neural implants can 45 00:03:09,276 --> 00:03:13,676 Speaker 2: be driven by fantasies that come from science fiction. I'm 46 00:03:13,716 --> 00:03:17,316 Speaker 2: fascinated by science fiction, even by comic books. They once 47 00:03:17,356 --> 00:03:19,916 Speaker 2: wrote a whole book of political history of Wonder Woman. 48 00:03:21,236 --> 00:03:24,196 Speaker 2: The science fiction men like Elon Musk and Jeff Bezosidor 49 00:03:24,796 --> 00:03:29,596 Speaker 2: generally concerns gleaming futures in which fantastically powerful and often 50 00:03:29,636 --> 00:03:36,276 Speaker 2: immensely rich men colonize other planets. This episode, which is 51 00:03:36,316 --> 00:03:38,716 Speaker 2: called Baby X, I want to take a look at 52 00:03:38,716 --> 00:03:41,156 Speaker 2: the science fiction that's usually left out of that vision, 53 00:03:41,956 --> 00:03:47,876 Speaker 2: new wave afrofuturism, feminist science fiction, postcolonial science fiction, including 54 00:03:47,916 --> 00:03:49,796 Speaker 2: the story of Baby X. 55 00:03:50,476 --> 00:03:53,516 Speaker 5: The smartest scientists had set up this experiment at a 56 00:03:53,516 --> 00:03:57,636 Speaker 5: cost of exactly twenty three billion dollars and seventy two cents. 57 00:03:58,436 --> 00:04:01,596 Speaker 5: This might seem like a lot for one baby, even 58 00:04:01,636 --> 00:04:05,796 Speaker 5: if it was an important, secret scientific experimental Baby. 59 00:04:06,236 --> 00:04:09,076 Speaker 2: This sort of science fiction generally involves both ideas about 60 00:04:09,196 --> 00:04:12,436 Speaker 2: gender and sexuality and actual people who are not men, 61 00:04:12,836 --> 00:04:16,796 Speaker 2: women and children, babies. Even I think it can help 62 00:04:16,836 --> 00:04:21,396 Speaker 2: explain the domestic politics of Muskism. This Elon Musk origin 63 00:04:21,476 --> 00:04:27,156 Speaker 2: story starts back at the beginning of this century. Elon 64 00:04:27,236 --> 00:04:30,076 Speaker 2: Musk met his first wife, the Canadian writer Justine Wilson, 65 00:04:30,196 --> 00:04:33,076 Speaker 2: in college. They married in the year two thousand and 66 00:04:33,116 --> 00:04:36,876 Speaker 2: had a baby who died tragically, and then triplets and twins. 67 00:04:37,516 --> 00:04:40,396 Speaker 2: After the marriage ended, Wilson wrote an essay called I 68 00:04:40,516 --> 00:04:43,596 Speaker 2: Was a Starter Wife for Marie Claire, a women's magazine, 69 00:04:44,236 --> 00:04:47,836 Speaker 2: about how weeks after Musk filed for divorce he texted her. 70 00:04:47,916 --> 00:04:50,396 Speaker 2: She wrote to say he was engaged to a gorgeous 71 00:04:50,436 --> 00:04:55,116 Speaker 2: British actress in her early twenties. Musk and that actress married, divorced, remarried, 72 00:04:55,396 --> 00:05:00,636 Speaker 2: and then divorced again in twenty sixteen. In twenty eighteen, 73 00:05:00,996 --> 00:05:04,996 Speaker 2: Musk met Claire Bouchet, an innovative Canadian born musician known 74 00:05:04,996 --> 00:05:10,796 Speaker 2: as Grimes. She'd studied neuroscience at McGill. Like Musk, Grimes 75 00:05:10,876 --> 00:05:13,876 Speaker 2: is an avid science fiction fan. Her first album was 76 00:05:13,916 --> 00:05:17,596 Speaker 2: a tribute to Doune. The New Yorker once called her 77 00:05:17,716 --> 00:05:25,116 Speaker 2: a mad pop scientist. Being Musk's girlfriend and doing things 78 00:05:25,156 --> 00:05:28,276 Speaker 2: like defending him against charges that he prevented Tesla workers 79 00:05:28,316 --> 00:05:31,756 Speaker 2: from unionizing annoyed a lot of her fans. She was 80 00:05:31,796 --> 00:05:35,676 Speaker 2: attacked with the particular venom reserved for female artists and writers. 81 00:05:36,236 --> 00:05:39,876 Speaker 2: Grimes has got a sophisticated interest in gender and voice. 82 00:05:40,756 --> 00:05:43,476 Speaker 6: Hey everybody, this is Grimes and I'm very excited to 83 00:05:43,476 --> 00:05:46,756 Speaker 6: be here kicking off my brand new six month residency 84 00:05:47,116 --> 00:05:48,916 Speaker 6: for BBC Radio One. 85 00:05:49,076 --> 00:05:51,196 Speaker 2: After she got pregnant, she hosted. 86 00:05:50,796 --> 00:05:54,196 Speaker 6: A radio show and the theme is sci Fi Baby 87 00:05:54,956 --> 00:05:59,036 Speaker 6: or Weird Science Fiction and Electronic Music for Babies. 88 00:06:00,076 --> 00:06:02,916 Speaker 2: A few months later, in May of twenty twenty, announcing 89 00:06:02,916 --> 00:06:05,796 Speaker 2: their baby's birth, Musk said it was a boy, but 90 00:06:05,916 --> 00:06:09,516 Speaker 2: Grimes declined to mention its gender and tweeted, I don't 91 00:06:09,516 --> 00:06:11,716 Speaker 2: want to gender them in case that's not how they 92 00:06:11,716 --> 00:06:14,756 Speaker 2: feel in their life. At the time, this looked like 93 00:06:14,796 --> 00:06:18,596 Speaker 2: another example of so called gender neutral parenting, which had 94 00:06:18,636 --> 00:06:22,716 Speaker 2: recently had some uptake among people, including celebrities, who believed 95 00:06:22,756 --> 00:06:26,076 Speaker 2: children should get the opportunity to decide their own gender identity. 96 00:06:26,996 --> 00:06:30,076 Speaker 2: In twenty eleven, when Grimes was at McGill, there'd been 97 00:06:30,116 --> 00:06:32,356 Speaker 2: a lot of coverage of a family in Canada. 98 00:06:32,756 --> 00:06:34,996 Speaker 7: Well is a couple in Toronto that is creating quite 99 00:06:35,036 --> 00:06:37,276 Speaker 7: a stir right now because they're raising their baby what 100 00:06:37,276 --> 00:06:38,956 Speaker 7: they're calling gender free. 101 00:06:39,396 --> 00:06:42,436 Speaker 2: This all seems very twenty first century, born out of 102 00:06:42,436 --> 00:06:46,436 Speaker 2: the heated contemporary culture war over trans writes, but it's 103 00:06:46,476 --> 00:06:49,596 Speaker 2: also very nineteen seventies and second wave feminist. 104 00:06:50,076 --> 00:06:53,636 Speaker 5: It's an X was absolutely all they would tell anyone, 105 00:06:54,196 --> 00:06:56,836 Speaker 5: and that make the friends and relatives very angry. 106 00:06:57,316 --> 00:07:00,116 Speaker 2: The story of Baby X from nineteen seventy two was 107 00:07:00,116 --> 00:07:03,116 Speaker 2: written by Lois Gould, a novelist and mother of two boys, 108 00:07:03,316 --> 00:07:05,836 Speaker 2: who was also an editor of Ladies Home Journal and 109 00:07:05,876 --> 00:07:08,396 Speaker 2: a columnist for the New York Times, where she wrote 110 00:07:08,396 --> 00:07:11,276 Speaker 2: the Hers Caumn. At the time Gold was writing, a 111 00:07:11,276 --> 00:07:13,476 Speaker 2: lot of feminists had been arguing that kids should be 112 00:07:13,516 --> 00:07:15,876 Speaker 2: able to wear whatever clothes they want and play with 113 00:07:15,916 --> 00:07:18,156 Speaker 2: whatever toys they want, not just pants and trucks for 114 00:07:18,236 --> 00:07:20,436 Speaker 2: boys and dresses and dolls for girls. 115 00:07:20,836 --> 00:07:23,436 Speaker 5: So they bought plenty of sturdy blue pajamas in the 116 00:07:23,436 --> 00:07:27,476 Speaker 5: boys department and cheerful flowered underwear in the girls department, 117 00:07:27,996 --> 00:07:31,836 Speaker 5: and they bought all kinds of toys. The head scientists 118 00:07:31,836 --> 00:07:36,076 Speaker 5: of Project Baby X checked all their purchases and told 119 00:07:36,116 --> 00:07:37,956 Speaker 5: them to keep up the good work. 120 00:07:38,716 --> 00:07:42,356 Speaker 2: In nineteen seventy five, Baby X, the feminist fable, led 121 00:07:42,396 --> 00:07:45,956 Speaker 2: to an actual scientific experiment whose results were published in 122 00:07:45,956 --> 00:07:48,756 Speaker 2: a journal article that was also called Baby X. 123 00:07:49,196 --> 00:07:53,076 Speaker 4: Although the story was science fiction fantasy. The question of 124 00:07:53,076 --> 00:07:56,356 Speaker 4: how adults would actually respond to a child appeared to 125 00:07:56,396 --> 00:07:57,436 Speaker 4: merit investigation. 126 00:07:58,236 --> 00:08:01,396 Speaker 2: Forty two volunteers, mostly graduate students at the City University 127 00:08:01,396 --> 00:08:03,396 Speaker 2: of New York, were put in a lab with a 128 00:08:03,436 --> 00:08:05,116 Speaker 2: baby under different conditions. 129 00:08:05,516 --> 00:08:08,476 Speaker 4: Those in the male and female conditions were told that 130 00:08:08,516 --> 00:08:11,276 Speaker 4: there was a three month old baby boy or baby 131 00:08:11,356 --> 00:08:14,236 Speaker 4: girl to play with, while those in the neutral condition 132 00:08:14,596 --> 00:08:16,836 Speaker 4: were told that there was a three month old baby 133 00:08:17,076 --> 00:08:19,196 Speaker 4: with no mention of its sex or name. 134 00:08:20,076 --> 00:08:23,516 Speaker 2: Unsurprisingly, the volunteers interacted differently with the baby, depending on 135 00:08:23,516 --> 00:08:25,556 Speaker 2: whether they'd been told it was a boy or a 136 00:08:25,556 --> 00:08:28,876 Speaker 2: girl or just a baby. But the sort of experiment 137 00:08:29,036 --> 00:08:32,036 Speaker 2: has other origins too, especially in the work of one 138 00:08:32,076 --> 00:08:35,156 Speaker 2: of the most influential science fiction writers of the last century, 139 00:08:35,556 --> 00:08:40,236 Speaker 2: Ursula k Legwin, who on BBC Radio four introduced herself 140 00:08:40,276 --> 00:08:40,916 Speaker 2: this way. 141 00:08:41,036 --> 00:08:43,916 Speaker 8: I am a man. Now you may think I've made 142 00:08:44,156 --> 00:08:47,436 Speaker 8: some kind of silly mistake about gender, or maybe that 143 00:08:47,476 --> 00:08:49,916 Speaker 8: I'm trying to fool you, because my first name ends 144 00:08:49,996 --> 00:08:53,196 Speaker 8: in A, and I own three bras, and I've been 145 00:08:53,196 --> 00:08:57,436 Speaker 8: pregnant five times. When I was born, there actually were 146 00:08:57,436 --> 00:09:01,036 Speaker 8: only men. People were men. They all had one pronoun 147 00:09:01,196 --> 00:09:06,996 Speaker 8: his pronoun I'm the generic he as in, if anybody 148 00:09:07,036 --> 00:09:10,036 Speaker 8: needs an abortion, he will have to go to another state. 149 00:09:10,756 --> 00:09:13,876 Speaker 2: Legwin was born in California in nineteen twenty nine. In 150 00:09:13,876 --> 00:09:16,316 Speaker 2: the nineteen fifties, she was studying for a PhD in 151 00:09:16,436 --> 00:09:19,636 Speaker 2: Paris when she fell in love and got married. By 152 00:09:19,716 --> 00:09:23,276 Speaker 2: nineteen sixty four, she had three children. Her breakout book, 153 00:09:23,436 --> 00:09:26,916 Speaker 2: The Left Hand of Darkness, was published in nineteen sixty nine. 154 00:09:27,316 --> 00:09:30,516 Speaker 2: It's about a planet whose inhabitants have no fixed gender. 155 00:09:31,676 --> 00:09:35,436 Speaker 7: We're neither man nor woman, except with every moon when 156 00:09:35,436 --> 00:09:37,396 Speaker 7: we're in Kema, and we're either. 157 00:09:39,756 --> 00:09:42,116 Speaker 2: Legwinn once wrote an essay a riff on an essay 158 00:09:42,156 --> 00:09:45,196 Speaker 2: by Virginia wolf about how the subject of all novels 159 00:09:45,276 --> 00:09:49,836 Speaker 2: is human nature, the ordinary, humble, flawed person. Wolfe called 160 00:09:49,836 --> 00:09:53,956 Speaker 2: her Missus Brown. Le Gwyn thought science fiction had lost 161 00:09:54,036 --> 00:09:57,796 Speaker 2: track of Missus Brown and seemed to be trapped for 162 00:09:57,916 --> 00:10:02,276 Speaker 2: good inside our great gleaming spaceships hurtling out across the galaxy. 163 00:10:02,476 --> 00:10:06,716 Speaker 2: Ships capable of containing heroic captains in black and silver uniforms. 164 00:10:06,716 --> 00:10:10,596 Speaker 2: Ship's capable of blasting other in nima ships into smithereens 165 00:10:10,636 --> 00:10:15,356 Speaker 2: with their apocalyptic holocaustic ragons and bringing loads of colonists 166 00:10:15,356 --> 00:10:20,076 Speaker 2: from Earth to unknown worlds. Ship's capable of anything, absolutely anything, 167 00:10:20,316 --> 00:10:26,316 Speaker 2: except one thing. They cannot contain, Missus Brown. And that's 168 00:10:26,556 --> 00:10:30,476 Speaker 2: my worry too, that, notwithstanding a baby named X, the 169 00:10:30,516 --> 00:10:34,876 Speaker 2: future envisioned by Muscism, the future Elon Musk is building 170 00:10:35,396 --> 00:10:38,236 Speaker 2: on and off X, the future he wants for the 171 00:10:38,316 --> 00:10:42,276 Speaker 2: nations whose news and politics and economies he hopes to influence. 172 00:10:43,156 --> 00:10:52,556 Speaker 2: That future doesn't contain Missus Brown either. In two thousand 173 00:10:52,596 --> 00:10:56,196 Speaker 2: and eight, Vandana Saying published a short story called The 174 00:10:56,236 --> 00:10:59,516 Speaker 2: Woman Who Thought She Was a Planet. It begins this way. 175 00:10:59,996 --> 00:11:04,276 Speaker 9: Ramnath Mitscher's life changed forever one morning when, during his 176 00:11:04,396 --> 00:11:07,996 Speaker 9: perusal of the newspaper on the Verandah, a ritual that 177 00:11:08,076 --> 00:11:11,196 Speaker 9: he had observed for the last forty years, his wife 178 00:11:11,276 --> 00:11:14,356 Speaker 9: set down her cup of tea with a crash and announced, 179 00:11:14,956 --> 00:11:18,276 Speaker 9: I know at last what I am. I am a planet. 180 00:11:19,036 --> 00:11:21,516 Speaker 2: Vandana Saying is both a science fiction writer and a 181 00:11:21,516 --> 00:11:24,996 Speaker 2: professor of theoretical physics. Her most recent book is called 182 00:11:25,156 --> 00:11:28,476 Speaker 2: Ambiguity Machines. She grew up in India listening to her 183 00:11:28,516 --> 00:11:31,276 Speaker 2: grandmother tells stories and reading Isaac Asima. 184 00:11:32,116 --> 00:11:34,316 Speaker 9: I remember when I was a kid reading the Foundation 185 00:11:34,516 --> 00:11:37,836 Speaker 9: series and being so thrilled with them, and then rereading 186 00:11:37,836 --> 00:11:40,676 Speaker 9: them as an adult and being utterly horrified that I 187 00:11:40,716 --> 00:11:44,516 Speaker 9: had been thrilled with them. What bothered me about it 188 00:11:44,756 --> 00:11:48,956 Speaker 9: was this entrenched notion that technology will fix everything. The 189 00:11:49,036 --> 00:11:51,556 Speaker 9: other thing I noticed is the complete lack of any 190 00:11:51,636 --> 00:11:54,516 Speaker 9: kind of environmental awareness, which of course goes along with 191 00:11:54,556 --> 00:11:58,996 Speaker 9: the technofetricism. So we have an entire planet Trantor, which 192 00:11:59,036 --> 00:12:02,636 Speaker 9: is an entire city, and that's just so dumb, because like, 193 00:12:02,796 --> 00:12:05,716 Speaker 9: how can you have oxygen and climate and so on 194 00:12:05,756 --> 00:12:08,116 Speaker 9: and so forth if you have a planet that is 195 00:12:08,196 --> 00:12:11,596 Speaker 9: completely urbanized, and that makes no sense. But the other 196 00:12:11,676 --> 00:12:14,036 Speaker 9: aspect of it that troubles me is, of course, there 197 00:12:14,076 --> 00:12:17,596 Speaker 9: are no intelligent women out there in that series. I 198 00:12:17,596 --> 00:12:21,076 Speaker 9: think there's one example of an intelligent woman who turns out. 199 00:12:20,996 --> 00:12:23,636 Speaker 2: To be a robot, saying stories like the woman who 200 00:12:23,676 --> 00:12:26,516 Speaker 2: thought she was a planet. They're all about missus Brown. 201 00:12:27,076 --> 00:12:30,076 Speaker 2: So I'm struck by the domesticity in your stories. The homes, 202 00:12:30,116 --> 00:12:33,916 Speaker 2: the furnishings, the family relationships, aunts and nieces and cousins 203 00:12:33,916 --> 00:12:37,116 Speaker 2: and wives, and writing desks and bedspreads. 204 00:12:37,636 --> 00:12:41,436 Speaker 9: Yeah, yeah, I think that the domesticity aspect is important 205 00:12:41,476 --> 00:12:43,676 Speaker 9: to me because one of the things I've learned from science, 206 00:12:43,716 --> 00:12:47,996 Speaker 9: from physics in particular, is that there's nothing that's really ordinary, 207 00:12:48,476 --> 00:12:53,596 Speaker 9: That the most mundane things around us are actually pathways 208 00:12:53,636 --> 00:12:58,116 Speaker 9: to thinking about the larger cosmos. Even our sensation of weight, 209 00:12:58,556 --> 00:13:00,316 Speaker 9: that's the pull of gravity, and then if you go 210 00:13:00,396 --> 00:13:03,876 Speaker 9: deeper into that, that's the force that is responsible for 211 00:13:03,916 --> 00:13:07,436 Speaker 9: the large scale structure of matter. And then that leads 212 00:13:07,436 --> 00:13:09,916 Speaker 9: me to black holes. So if I'm wondering moving a 213 00:13:09,956 --> 00:13:14,076 Speaker 9: heavy soup pot from the stove to the counter, I'm 214 00:13:14,076 --> 00:13:16,796 Speaker 9: thinking gravity, and I'm suddenly thinking about black holes. 215 00:13:17,276 --> 00:13:21,236 Speaker 2: Singh's greatest influence was Legwin. It just knocked her out. 216 00:13:21,716 --> 00:13:26,316 Speaker 9: I realized that my earlier disenchantment with science fiction had 217 00:13:26,356 --> 00:13:31,076 Speaker 9: been in part because it was so white and male 218 00:13:31,356 --> 00:13:37,876 Speaker 9: and western and capitalistic and colonialist, and therefore it had 219 00:13:38,116 --> 00:13:43,596 Speaker 9: left out an erased entire societies, cultures, entire gender and 220 00:13:43,716 --> 00:13:47,516 Speaker 9: other ways of being and thinking and relating to the cosmos. 221 00:13:47,916 --> 00:13:51,516 Speaker 9: So it was as though Ursula LeGuin was telling me that, hey, 222 00:13:51,676 --> 00:13:55,276 Speaker 9: science fiction is your country too. She made a lasting 223 00:13:55,356 --> 00:13:58,556 Speaker 9: contribution to the field itself for many, many people not 224 00:13:58,676 --> 00:14:02,316 Speaker 9: just me, because, among other things, she got us away 225 00:14:02,396 --> 00:14:07,556 Speaker 9: from this boys with toys adolescent obsession purely with technology. 226 00:14:08,036 --> 00:14:11,516 Speaker 9: That science fiction was in its so called golden age. 227 00:14:11,516 --> 00:14:15,756 Speaker 2: Starting in the nineteen seventies. Lgwin upended science fiction, but 228 00:14:15,876 --> 00:14:18,556 Speaker 2: the science fiction that Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos site, 229 00:14:18,836 --> 00:14:21,436 Speaker 2: the science fiction they read as boys drops off just 230 00:14:21,636 --> 00:14:24,756 Speaker 2: ends right before science fiction was reinvented by women and 231 00:14:24,796 --> 00:14:30,436 Speaker 2: writers of color. Octavia Butler Margaret Atward ted Chang to 232 00:14:30,476 --> 00:14:32,916 Speaker 2: me as a historian, Musk and Bezos's vision of the 233 00:14:32,916 --> 00:14:37,836 Speaker 2: future isn't futuristic at all. It's antique. It's ancient, I asked, 234 00:14:37,876 --> 00:14:40,476 Speaker 2: saying how she understands their attachment to stories written in 235 00:14:40,516 --> 00:14:43,596 Speaker 2: the nineteen fifties and even earlier. She said she'd come 236 00:14:43,636 --> 00:14:47,236 Speaker 2: around to thinking that Silicon Valley techno billionaires suffer from 237 00:14:47,436 --> 00:14:48,876 Speaker 2: paradigm blindness. 238 00:14:49,156 --> 00:14:53,436 Speaker 9: Because we live in such unequal societies, and because white, male, 239 00:14:53,756 --> 00:14:58,196 Speaker 9: super rich people have a disproportionate amount of power, they 240 00:14:58,316 --> 00:15:02,436 Speaker 9: tend to keep this paradigm alive because it suits them. 241 00:15:02,756 --> 00:15:07,476 Speaker 2: Paradigm blindness is a deficit of imagination, a culture's inability 242 00:15:07,516 --> 00:15:10,316 Speaker 2: to imagine that other people realiz they just don't subscribe 243 00:15:10,356 --> 00:15:13,396 Speaker 2: to its view of the world, saying thinks stories can 244 00:15:13,476 --> 00:15:14,436 Speaker 2: cure that blindness. 245 00:15:14,916 --> 00:15:17,676 Speaker 9: Stories are one way, not the only way, of course, 246 00:15:17,756 --> 00:15:21,956 Speaker 9: but one way of changing the underlying narrative of the 247 00:15:21,996 --> 00:15:24,076 Speaker 9: paradigm in which we are immersed. 248 00:15:28,716 --> 00:15:31,276 Speaker 2: All of us suffer from blindness of one sort or another. 249 00:15:31,676 --> 00:15:34,356 Speaker 2: What's different about Silicon Valley billionaires who are trapped in 250 00:15:34,356 --> 00:15:37,316 Speaker 2: a cultural paradigm, though, is that they have enough money 251 00:15:37,356 --> 00:15:42,356 Speaker 2: and enough power to build that paradigm. No tech billionaire 252 00:15:42,476 --> 00:15:45,836 Speaker 2: has more power, more influence, not only in the US 253 00:15:45,876 --> 00:15:49,476 Speaker 2: but around the world than Elon Musk and the rest 254 00:15:49,516 --> 00:15:52,876 Speaker 2: of us are trapped in the world He's building as 255 00:15:52,876 --> 00:15:56,996 Speaker 2: if we were merely the subjects of his many experiments. 256 00:16:00,076 --> 00:16:03,756 Speaker 2: Grimes's first child with Musk, their baby X, was born 257 00:16:03,796 --> 00:16:07,716 Speaker 2: in May. Twenty Three days later, Musk appeared on The 258 00:16:07,796 --> 00:16:11,036 Speaker 2: Joe Rogan Experience, one of the most popular podcasts in 259 00:16:11,076 --> 00:16:14,196 Speaker 2: the world. The two men talked about how much they 260 00:16:14,196 --> 00:16:17,836 Speaker 2: love babies, and then the conversation took an interesting turn. 261 00:16:18,836 --> 00:16:19,676 Speaker 7: Babies are awesome. 262 00:16:19,996 --> 00:16:20,836 Speaker 10: They are pretty awesome. 263 00:16:20,876 --> 00:16:24,116 Speaker 7: They're awesome. Yeah. I think of these little love packages, yeah, 264 00:16:24,116 --> 00:16:24,916 Speaker 7: the little love books. 265 00:16:25,036 --> 00:16:25,276 Speaker 3: I mean. 266 00:16:25,276 --> 00:16:27,636 Speaker 7: Also, I've spent a lot of time on AI and 267 00:16:27,876 --> 00:16:30,716 Speaker 7: neural nets, and so you can sort of see the 268 00:16:30,716 --> 00:16:33,036 Speaker 7: brain develop. You know, an AI neural net is trying 269 00:16:33,076 --> 00:16:36,156 Speaker 7: to simulate what a brain does basically, and you can 270 00:16:36,156 --> 00:16:39,476 Speaker 7: sort of see the learning very quickly. It's just Wow, 271 00:16:39,796 --> 00:16:41,836 Speaker 7: you're talking about the neural net. You're not talking about 272 00:16:41,956 --> 00:16:44,276 Speaker 7: an actual baby. I know about act an actual baby, 273 00:16:44,316 --> 00:16:45,156 Speaker 7: but both of them. 274 00:16:45,316 --> 00:16:49,036 Speaker 2: Yeah, I find this completely fascinating, the relationship between the 275 00:16:49,036 --> 00:16:51,756 Speaker 2: way a baby learns and the way a computer learns. 276 00:16:52,276 --> 00:16:54,436 Speaker 2: This idea as it happens, also goes back to what 277 00:16:54,596 --> 00:16:58,236 Speaker 2: can be fairly considered the founding of science fiction. Published 278 00:16:58,276 --> 00:17:02,276 Speaker 2: more than two centuries ago, Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, which I 279 00:17:02,316 --> 00:17:04,196 Speaker 2: think of as a kind of Baby X story too, 280 00:17:04,836 --> 00:17:09,076 Speaker 2: about the creation of artificial life and an artificial intelligence. 281 00:17:19,356 --> 00:17:23,156 Speaker 2: Frankenstein is the story of a terrible father, a scientist who, 282 00:17:23,276 --> 00:17:27,316 Speaker 2: as an experiment, makes a child and then abandons him. 283 00:17:28,276 --> 00:17:31,356 Speaker 2: Mary Shelley was the daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft, a founder 284 00:17:31,396 --> 00:17:34,436 Speaker 2: of modern feminism, and Shelley was a founder of the 285 00:17:34,476 --> 00:17:40,796 Speaker 2: feminist critique of scientific arrogance. Today, BABYX is being used 286 00:17:40,916 --> 00:17:44,276 Speaker 2: as the name of an experiment in artificial intelligence run 287 00:17:44,276 --> 00:17:47,316 Speaker 2: by a company called Soul Machines, based in San Francisco, 288 00:17:47,436 --> 00:17:49,516 Speaker 2: but with an R and d arm in New Zealand. 289 00:17:49,876 --> 00:17:53,516 Speaker 2: They say they're trying to build digital people, starting with 290 00:17:53,596 --> 00:17:54,116 Speaker 2: a baby. 291 00:17:54,556 --> 00:17:55,556 Speaker 7: This is Baby X. 292 00:17:55,636 --> 00:17:59,556 Speaker 3: So she's basically an autonomously animated virtual infant. 293 00:17:59,716 --> 00:18:03,076 Speaker 2: All of her behaviors are generated on the fly by 294 00:18:03,156 --> 00:18:04,556 Speaker 2: neural networks running live and. 295 00:18:04,516 --> 00:18:07,436 Speaker 3: So she's seeing me and listening to me and starting 296 00:18:07,436 --> 00:18:09,716 Speaker 3: to get upset because I'm not paying it to her. 297 00:18:10,156 --> 00:18:12,156 Speaker 2: SORR, I need to calm her down, but I have to. 298 00:18:12,116 --> 00:18:12,596 Speaker 3: Talk to him. 299 00:18:12,836 --> 00:18:16,196 Speaker 2: This Baby X, an AI experiment, is a baby girl, 300 00:18:16,956 --> 00:18:20,836 Speaker 2: which is not surprising because AI is incredibly gendered. An 301 00:18:20,876 --> 00:18:22,276 Speaker 2: AI doesn't need a gender. 302 00:18:23,076 --> 00:18:24,996 Speaker 1: She could have been a gray box. 303 00:18:25,556 --> 00:18:28,356 Speaker 2: In the twenty fourteen film for a movie, ex Machina, 304 00:18:28,716 --> 00:18:32,756 Speaker 2: written and directed by Alex Garland, a Silicon Valley entrepreneur 305 00:18:32,876 --> 00:18:37,036 Speaker 2: invents an AI. A visitor asks the AI's creator why 306 00:18:37,036 --> 00:18:38,436 Speaker 2: he's made her female? 307 00:18:38,876 --> 00:18:41,556 Speaker 1: What imperative does a gray box have to interact with 308 00:18:41,596 --> 00:18:45,436 Speaker 1: another grey box? Can consciousness exist without interaction? 309 00:18:46,876 --> 00:18:47,196 Speaker 3: Anyway? 310 00:18:47,276 --> 00:18:50,276 Speaker 1: Sexuality is fun, man, If you're going to exist, why 311 00:18:50,316 --> 00:18:55,036 Speaker 1: not enjoy it? What in between her legs? There's an 312 00:18:55,036 --> 00:18:59,076 Speaker 1: opening or the concentration of sensors. You engage him in 313 00:18:59,116 --> 00:19:04,796 Speaker 1: the right way, creates a pleasure response, and she'd enjoy it. 314 00:19:05,756 --> 00:19:10,236 Speaker 2: These are modern Frankenstein monsters. AI is a suit intelligent baby, 315 00:19:10,636 --> 00:19:14,636 Speaker 2: AI as a sex toy. Ex Machina is an update 316 00:19:14,676 --> 00:19:18,476 Speaker 2: of older stories all haunted by the fear of rebellion. 317 00:19:19,276 --> 00:19:23,676 Speaker 2: Frankenstein say or Isaac Asimov's story Robot Dreams, in which 318 00:19:23,716 --> 00:19:27,716 Speaker 2: are robot dreams of liberation within the world of Muskism. 319 00:19:27,756 --> 00:19:31,396 Speaker 2: For all the fascination with artificial intelligence, there's a profound 320 00:19:31,556 --> 00:19:34,716 Speaker 2: terror of it. Here's Musk on the subject at a 321 00:19:34,756 --> 00:19:36,116 Speaker 2: conference at MIT. 322 00:19:36,276 --> 00:19:38,676 Speaker 7: I think we should be very careful about artificial intelligence. 323 00:19:38,916 --> 00:19:41,796 Speaker 7: If I were to guess at what our biggest existential 324 00:19:41,796 --> 00:19:44,036 Speaker 7: threat is, it's probably bad. 325 00:19:44,756 --> 00:19:48,036 Speaker 2: As for a worry about AI and an AI apocalypse. 326 00:19:48,356 --> 00:19:51,716 Speaker 2: I'm going to get to that in an upcoming episode. 327 00:19:51,836 --> 00:19:53,556 Speaker 2: But I think a lot of the terror of an 328 00:19:53,556 --> 00:19:58,196 Speaker 2: emerging superintelligence is at heart the fear of people on 329 00:19:58,276 --> 00:20:01,916 Speaker 2: top being toppled by people on the bottom, a terror 330 00:20:02,036 --> 00:20:06,396 Speaker 2: that is of historically powerless people gaining power. One thing 331 00:20:06,436 --> 00:20:08,996 Speaker 2: that got me thinking about that was reading Ursula ca 332 00:20:09,196 --> 00:20:12,716 Speaker 2: Legwin the case for Krober. She was the daughter of 333 00:20:12,916 --> 00:20:16,596 Speaker 2: Alfred Krober, a professor of anthropology at Berkeley. 334 00:20:16,876 --> 00:20:20,036 Speaker 8: It was a university professor's family in a university town 335 00:20:20,596 --> 00:20:22,676 Speaker 8: in the nineteen thirties and forties when there were a 336 00:20:22,676 --> 00:20:26,876 Speaker 8: lot of refugees from Europe. So I probably knew more 337 00:20:26,956 --> 00:20:31,276 Speaker 8: foreigners and more Indians than most middle class white American 338 00:20:31,516 --> 00:20:34,796 Speaker 8: children do, and more people who came and visited from 339 00:20:34,876 --> 00:20:38,396 Speaker 8: unusual places the South Seas or up in the Arctic 340 00:20:38,476 --> 00:20:40,556 Speaker 8: and so on, because they'd been doing field work there. 341 00:20:43,756 --> 00:20:46,916 Speaker 2: Both of her parents studied Native American languages and culture. 342 00:20:47,556 --> 00:20:50,156 Speaker 2: Her mother wrote a book called Ishi in Two Worlds, 343 00:20:50,636 --> 00:20:52,996 Speaker 2: the story of a man her father called Ishi, a 344 00:20:53,116 --> 00:20:56,116 Speaker 2: man they believed to be the last of the Yahi people. 345 00:20:58,476 --> 00:21:01,556 Speaker 2: In nineteen eleven, Eshi emerged out of the woods. A 346 00:21:01,596 --> 00:21:04,676 Speaker 2: local sheriff took him to jail, and Alfred Krober took 347 00:21:04,716 --> 00:21:07,596 Speaker 2: him from there to the u. C. Berkeley Anthropology Museum, 348 00:21:08,076 --> 00:21:11,236 Speaker 2: where is She worked as a or and also performed 349 00:21:11,556 --> 00:21:14,916 Speaker 2: as a kind of museum exhibit. Kroeber recorded his voice 350 00:21:14,956 --> 00:21:26,156 Speaker 2: on wax cylinders. Growing up under the shadow of all 351 00:21:26,196 --> 00:21:30,436 Speaker 2: this powerfully influenced laguin if the so called Golden Age 352 00:21:30,436 --> 00:21:33,396 Speaker 2: of science fiction is told from the advantage of the colonizers. 353 00:21:33,836 --> 00:21:37,036 Speaker 2: LeGuin and novels like The Dispossessed tried to turn it 354 00:21:37,076 --> 00:21:41,316 Speaker 2: into the story of the colonized, which weirdly has a 355 00:21:41,316 --> 00:21:43,636 Speaker 2: lot to do with how a lot of people talk 356 00:21:43,956 --> 00:21:45,436 Speaker 2: about artificial intelligence. 357 00:21:46,236 --> 00:21:52,356 Speaker 10: Alojam Coco Aristo. I'm doctor Noilnie Arista, Chair of Indigenous 358 00:21:52,356 --> 00:21:53,916 Speaker 10: Studies at McGill University. 359 00:21:54,356 --> 00:21:58,196 Speaker 2: Arista is part of a collaborative project called Indigenous AI. 360 00:21:58,756 --> 00:22:03,636 Speaker 10: Indigenous peoples have been on the other side of colonialisms 361 00:22:03,676 --> 00:22:09,676 Speaker 10: and imperialisms and processes that have worked to dehumanize our 362 00:22:10,276 --> 00:22:14,796 Speaker 10: people for so long that we are concerned about how 363 00:22:15,356 --> 00:22:21,956 Speaker 10: people are approaching AI without these sensibilities of humanizing or 364 00:22:22,276 --> 00:22:24,516 Speaker 10: imagining relationality. 365 00:22:25,156 --> 00:22:27,756 Speaker 2: One of Arista's arguments is that if you create AI 366 00:22:28,076 --> 00:22:31,836 Speaker 2: blind to the cultural paradigm of its origins, what you 367 00:22:31,916 --> 00:22:35,516 Speaker 2: get is AI as slaves, which turns us the people 368 00:22:35,596 --> 00:22:37,836 Speaker 2: using that stuff, into enslavers. 369 00:22:38,236 --> 00:22:41,636 Speaker 10: So when I'm talking to Alexa, I could start to 370 00:22:41,836 --> 00:22:47,636 Speaker 10: just normalize barking orders and an inanimate object. Hey Alexa, 371 00:22:47,756 --> 00:22:51,556 Speaker 10: do X. And when I find myself doing that, I 372 00:22:51,716 --> 00:22:56,076 Speaker 10: find that it's training my behavior. Maybe the person I'm 373 00:22:56,116 --> 00:23:00,036 Speaker 10: becoming when I'm barking orders an inanimate thing is not 374 00:23:00,116 --> 00:23:01,956 Speaker 10: making me into the best human being. 375 00:23:02,916 --> 00:23:07,116 Speaker 2: For many technologists, stories like Frankenstein serve as parables about AI. 376 00:23:07,916 --> 00:23:12,356 Speaker 2: But for Arista, those are parables about fears of native uprisings. 377 00:23:12,876 --> 00:23:16,796 Speaker 2: And after all, Mary Shelley was herself an anti imperialist. She, 378 00:23:16,916 --> 00:23:20,756 Speaker 2: for instance, boycotted sugar and protest of British slave plantations 379 00:23:20,756 --> 00:23:24,596 Speaker 2: in the Caribbean, and literary scholars often read Frankenstein as 380 00:23:24,636 --> 00:23:27,996 Speaker 2: an indictment of the British Empire's relationship to people. It 381 00:23:28,116 --> 00:23:31,076 Speaker 2: decides our monsters out of fear of them. 382 00:23:31,556 --> 00:23:34,236 Speaker 10: These natives are going to be smarter than us, They're 383 00:23:34,276 --> 00:23:35,396 Speaker 10: going to know more than us. 384 00:23:36,076 --> 00:23:38,916 Speaker 2: The many different Native people working on the Indigenous AI 385 00:23:38,996 --> 00:23:43,636 Speaker 2: Project offer an alternative. An Indigenous paradigm for thinking about 386 00:23:43,676 --> 00:23:47,956 Speaker 2: the relationship between humans and non humans is a paradigm 387 00:23:47,956 --> 00:23:53,356 Speaker 2: about relationships in which AI are kin relations, the way 388 00:23:53,356 --> 00:23:57,396 Speaker 2: that within many indigenous cultures all things are kin rocks. 389 00:23:57,476 --> 00:24:02,516 Speaker 2: The sky trees family not things to be turned into commodities, 390 00:24:02,876 --> 00:24:06,276 Speaker 2: their wealth or labor extracted. What would it mean to 391 00:24:06,316 --> 00:24:10,676 Speaker 2: reject the domestic politics of Muscism and borrow from this worldview? 392 00:24:11,556 --> 00:24:15,156 Speaker 2: What if instead of Frankenstein, future has adopted a different 393 00:24:15,196 --> 00:24:15,996 Speaker 2: origin story. 394 00:24:16,516 --> 00:24:21,116 Speaker 10: I use the story of Halloa, the child of Kali 395 00:24:21,356 --> 00:24:25,596 Speaker 10: and Juakea, the skyfather. They have a child. The first 396 00:24:25,636 --> 00:24:28,476 Speaker 10: child is born stillborn, it's planted into the earth, and 397 00:24:28,516 --> 00:24:31,596 Speaker 10: from that child is born the taro, the kalo plant 398 00:24:31,876 --> 00:24:33,636 Speaker 10: that we subsist on as a people. 399 00:24:33,796 --> 00:24:33,956 Speaker 9: Right. 400 00:24:34,276 --> 00:24:37,716 Speaker 10: The second child born of that union is named Halloa 401 00:24:37,756 --> 00:24:43,676 Speaker 10: after his brother. Halloa in Hawaiian means long breath, and 402 00:24:44,476 --> 00:24:47,676 Speaker 10: the oha or carm that grows off of the root 403 00:24:47,716 --> 00:24:51,476 Speaker 10: of the plant that becomes the word for ohanna or family. 404 00:24:51,996 --> 00:24:55,876 Speaker 10: So the story itself is that the second child, the human, 405 00:24:56,276 --> 00:24:59,316 Speaker 10: cares for the first, the brother who's the plant, and 406 00:24:59,716 --> 00:25:03,276 Speaker 10: ensures the life of generations to come. The Halloa, the 407 00:25:03,356 --> 00:25:08,276 Speaker 10: long breath, the life of the people. That story about 408 00:25:08,676 --> 00:25:12,396 Speaker 10: recip called mutual respect and relationship and care, is at 409 00:25:12,396 --> 00:25:16,836 Speaker 10: the center of a lot of the protocols that we 410 00:25:17,036 --> 00:25:17,996 Speaker 10: approach Ai with. 411 00:25:20,996 --> 00:25:25,516 Speaker 2: To me, this is the truly revolutionary idea, not appreciating 412 00:25:25,596 --> 00:25:31,436 Speaker 2: power or predicting a robot uprising. The truly revolutionary, disruptively 413 00:25:31,556 --> 00:25:35,076 Speaker 2: innovative idea is to greet the whole world as your kin, 414 00:25:35,756 --> 00:25:40,996 Speaker 2: your child, not X the unknown, but the known, the beloved. 415 00:25:42,196 --> 00:25:45,156 Speaker 2: Musk has had several more children since baby X was born. 416 00:25:45,596 --> 00:25:48,396 Speaker 2: In twenty twenty four, he tweeted the biggest problem that 417 00:25:48,516 --> 00:25:53,116 Speaker 2: humanity faces as population collapse. He and Grimes had a daughter. 418 00:25:53,196 --> 00:25:56,796 Speaker 2: Next they called her why the letter Why. Then they 419 00:25:56,836 --> 00:26:00,396 Speaker 2: had another son, and then they broke up. Musk believes 420 00:26:00,396 --> 00:26:03,276 Speaker 2: the world needs more babies, that a declining birth rate 421 00:26:03,436 --> 00:26:07,516 Speaker 2: is a threat to civilization. He's doing his part. Even 422 00:26:07,556 --> 00:26:10,236 Speaker 2: before he and Grimes broke up, Musk had donated its 423 00:26:10,236 --> 00:26:12,756 Speaker 2: sperm to a colleague at Neuralink who has had three 424 00:26:12,756 --> 00:26:15,956 Speaker 2: of his children. As of the start of twenty twenty five, 425 00:26:16,516 --> 00:26:20,356 Speaker 2: Musk has fathered at least twelve children. He used to 426 00:26:20,356 --> 00:26:23,316 Speaker 2: talk a lot about climate change as a threat. Then 427 00:26:23,356 --> 00:26:26,636 Speaker 2: he stopped talking about that so much. Sometimes he'll say 428 00:26:26,756 --> 00:26:31,156 Speaker 2: AI is the greatest threat to civilization. Other times it's 429 00:26:31,196 --> 00:26:32,276 Speaker 2: the declining birth rate. 430 00:26:32,716 --> 00:26:35,076 Speaker 7: If you will don't have more children, civilization is not 431 00:26:35,236 --> 00:26:37,356 Speaker 7: to crumble mark my words. 432 00:26:37,836 --> 00:26:41,316 Speaker 2: Sometimes, though, Musk says that the greatest threat to civilization 433 00:26:41,556 --> 00:26:45,116 Speaker 2: is not AI or the declining birth rate, but something 434 00:26:45,156 --> 00:26:49,636 Speaker 2: he calls the woke mind virus. This turn in his 435 00:26:49,676 --> 00:26:53,076 Speaker 2: life started right around when baby X was born, Musk 436 00:26:53,196 --> 00:26:56,396 Speaker 2: was in the throes of a family crisis. Musk says 437 00:26:56,436 --> 00:26:59,396 Speaker 2: a doctor told him that unless he granted parental consent 438 00:26:59,796 --> 00:27:03,516 Speaker 2: to puberty blockers for another of his children, born in 439 00:27:03,516 --> 00:27:06,636 Speaker 2: two thousand and four and named after a Marvel comic 440 00:27:06,636 --> 00:27:11,436 Speaker 2: book character, Professor Xavier of the X Men, that child, 441 00:27:11,516 --> 00:27:15,956 Speaker 2: sixteen years old, might take their own life. Two years later, 442 00:27:16,196 --> 00:27:20,196 Speaker 2: in twenty twenty two, this child, now eighteen, filed legal 443 00:27:20,196 --> 00:27:23,196 Speaker 2: papers to change her name to Vivian Jenna Wilson and 444 00:27:23,236 --> 00:27:26,076 Speaker 2: told the court, I no longer live with or wish 445 00:27:26,156 --> 00:27:29,196 Speaker 2: to be related to my biological father in any way, 446 00:27:29,556 --> 00:27:36,836 Speaker 2: shape or form. Musk has said that it was because 447 00:27:36,876 --> 00:27:41,156 Speaker 2: of this anguished estrangement that he decided to buy Twitter 448 00:27:41,876 --> 00:27:51,356 Speaker 2: to stop the spread of the woke mind virus. Next 449 00:27:51,396 --> 00:27:54,476 Speaker 2: time on X Man. What happened when Musk bought Twitter 450 00:27:54,876 --> 00:27:56,436 Speaker 2: and named it x