1 00:00:00,480 --> 00:00:02,720 Speaker 1: Hello there, it's me Josh, and I just wanted to 2 00:00:02,800 --> 00:00:06,720 Speaker 1: let you know, people living in Minneapolis or with access 3 00:00:06,760 --> 00:00:09,399 Speaker 1: to Minneapolis, I'm going to be in your city doing 4 00:00:09,440 --> 00:00:12,280 Speaker 1: my solo show, The End of the World or How 5 00:00:12,320 --> 00:00:15,600 Speaker 1: I Learned to Start Worrying and Love Humanity. It's a 6 00:00:15,640 --> 00:00:20,160 Speaker 1: gas and it's pretty interesting too. So in June I'll 7 00:00:20,200 --> 00:00:23,400 Speaker 1: be at the Parkway Theater in Minneapolis, and the next 8 00:00:23,480 --> 00:00:26,520 Speaker 1: night I'll be at the Miracle Theater in Washington, d C. 9 00:00:27,480 --> 00:00:30,560 Speaker 1: So come see me. Go to the Miracle Theater dot 10 00:00:30,560 --> 00:00:35,240 Speaker 1: com or the Parkway Theater dot com for tickets. Welcome 11 00:00:35,280 --> 00:00:37,520 Speaker 1: to Stuff You Should Know, a production of I Heart 12 00:00:37,600 --> 00:00:46,000 Speaker 1: Radios How Stuff Works. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. 13 00:00:46,040 --> 00:00:50,000 Speaker 1: I'm justus Chuck. There's Jerry Stuff you should know. You 14 00:00:50,159 --> 00:00:57,720 Speaker 1: Jerk brad Oh, Jerry's back from vacation. Hello, Jerry, welcome back. 15 00:00:57,800 --> 00:01:02,520 Speaker 1: Welcome back, Miss Rolling. You don't look any different. You're 16 00:01:02,560 --> 00:01:05,760 Speaker 1: rolling your eyes at Josh. That means everything is normal. Normal. 17 00:01:05,800 --> 00:01:09,200 Speaker 1: I thought you might be sun kissed, but she's nodding 18 00:01:09,240 --> 00:01:12,800 Speaker 1: though she just wrote down helped me on the side. 19 00:01:12,880 --> 00:01:15,880 Speaker 1: I saw that. I'm sure everybody heard the paper. Russell too, 20 00:01:16,400 --> 00:01:19,199 Speaker 1: I have an announcement real quick if you don't mind. 21 00:01:20,959 --> 00:01:24,560 Speaker 1: The Bryant's are back in the Cat Game. Got two kittens. 22 00:01:24,560 --> 00:01:29,600 Speaker 1: Oh congratulations, thanks The cat Game. Yeah, the kiddie game 23 00:01:29,640 --> 00:01:34,040 Speaker 1: where the cats name uh Luna and leave on and 24 00:01:34,080 --> 00:01:36,560 Speaker 1: they You know, we've been planning this for a while 25 00:01:37,200 --> 00:01:39,720 Speaker 1: since we lost our cats, but we had the house renovation. 26 00:01:39,760 --> 00:01:41,840 Speaker 1: It was like, that makes no sense to get two 27 00:01:41,880 --> 00:01:44,640 Speaker 1: cats in a rental house and move them. So then 28 00:01:44,680 --> 00:01:46,679 Speaker 1: we waited, and then we were like, well, we're going 29 00:01:46,720 --> 00:01:49,360 Speaker 1: out of town on vacation for Memorial Day, so let's 30 00:01:49,400 --> 00:01:52,800 Speaker 1: wait after that. And we did. And I woke up 31 00:01:52,800 --> 00:01:55,040 Speaker 1: on Sunday and looked at the calendar and I said, 32 00:01:55,200 --> 00:01:58,960 Speaker 1: it's a cat day. Cat Day. So I went to 33 00:01:59,000 --> 00:02:04,200 Speaker 1: the Humane Society. But Anna got to eight month old kittens. Siblings, Oh, 34 00:02:04,280 --> 00:02:07,040 Speaker 1: matching cats. Boy and a girl wants a Luna is 35 00:02:07,080 --> 00:02:10,800 Speaker 1: a girl and she's black and uh Levin is black 36 00:02:10,840 --> 00:02:14,280 Speaker 1: and white, both short hair, which we're gonna try and 37 00:02:14,320 --> 00:02:17,680 Speaker 1: recreate Lauren and the Wizard a little bit, you know 38 00:02:17,760 --> 00:02:22,440 Speaker 1: that whole thing. Well rules that you have established, Well, 39 00:02:22,440 --> 00:02:25,080 Speaker 1: we're gonna get a Tabby and another main coon because 40 00:02:25,080 --> 00:02:27,359 Speaker 1: we really love those. But you're in a different direction. 41 00:02:27,440 --> 00:02:29,840 Speaker 1: That's just like, you know what, you know, these are kittens, 42 00:02:29,840 --> 00:02:32,000 Speaker 1: they're great, they need a home. Let's take them home. Well, 43 00:02:32,040 --> 00:02:34,400 Speaker 1: you know what, dude, congratulations, thanks, it's been a lot 44 00:02:34,400 --> 00:02:38,400 Speaker 1: of fun. Best wishes to the best of lifetime with 45 00:02:38,960 --> 00:02:43,400 Speaker 1: Luna and LEVI. Well, you start at my age with cats. 46 00:02:43,520 --> 00:02:45,560 Speaker 1: I was like, you know, this maybe one of the 47 00:02:45,639 --> 00:02:48,560 Speaker 1: last bears. And Emily was like, stop, I know, I 48 00:02:48,560 --> 00:02:52,040 Speaker 1: think it's don't even go there, stop doing mass you mean. 49 00:02:52,080 --> 00:02:53,800 Speaker 1: And I have a friend who's a neighbor and she 50 00:02:54,000 --> 00:02:56,640 Speaker 1: was like, you know, we're like, hold your dog. And 51 00:02:56,680 --> 00:02:59,960 Speaker 1: she's like, oh, she's like three, so we'll probably pass. 52 00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:03,000 Speaker 1: Said about the same time. I was like, why why 53 00:03:03,120 --> 00:03:05,280 Speaker 1: would you say that out loud? Well, if these cats 54 00:03:05,320 --> 00:03:07,760 Speaker 1: live a nice, healthy, longish life, they will see me 55 00:03:07,800 --> 00:03:11,800 Speaker 1: into my mid sixties and see Ruby through high school. 56 00:03:12,680 --> 00:03:18,600 Speaker 1: That's cute. That is that parts cute? So si um, 57 00:03:18,680 --> 00:03:22,880 Speaker 1: so it's good that you're getting these kiddies for Ruby. 58 00:03:22,919 --> 00:03:25,200 Speaker 1: In part for Ruby, I'm sure it's largely for you 59 00:03:25,240 --> 00:03:28,360 Speaker 1: guys too. Yeah, it's for all of us. But she's 60 00:03:28,400 --> 00:03:31,760 Speaker 1: going to run around growing up being exposed to cats. 61 00:03:31,760 --> 00:03:34,520 Speaker 1: Are they going to be indoor outdoor cats. No, strictly indoor. 62 00:03:34,600 --> 00:03:38,080 Speaker 1: Strictly indoor, they live longer. Still not judging, but no, 63 00:03:38,160 --> 00:03:42,880 Speaker 1: it's fine, keep your cats. They kill fewer birds too, yes, um, 64 00:03:42,920 --> 00:03:45,000 Speaker 1: but the fact that she's going to be exposed to 65 00:03:45,080 --> 00:03:48,680 Speaker 1: cats is a big leg up for her. Yeah. And 66 00:03:48,720 --> 00:03:50,960 Speaker 1: the fact that she was being licked in the mouth 67 00:03:51,080 --> 00:03:53,880 Speaker 1: by dogs from the moment she was born. Yep, that's 68 00:03:53,880 --> 00:04:00,360 Speaker 1: true too. But dogs cats different animals, true, which means yes, 69 00:04:00,640 --> 00:04:04,480 Speaker 1: veried microbe, varied spit. And we're gonna get into why 70 00:04:04,840 --> 00:04:09,400 Speaker 1: we're saying all this stuff soon enough. Just hold your horses, everybody, 71 00:04:09,440 --> 00:04:13,640 Speaker 1: But um, what we're talking about is the hygiene hypothesis today. Yeah, 72 00:04:13,680 --> 00:04:16,560 Speaker 1: and this is sort of the then diagram of several 73 00:04:16,720 --> 00:04:21,840 Speaker 1: past episodes, including are some really good ones on allergies, 74 00:04:22,240 --> 00:04:25,039 Speaker 1: the the immune system? Did we do one on the 75 00:04:25,040 --> 00:04:27,680 Speaker 1: immune system? Either that or just the microbiome? Like, we 76 00:04:27,800 --> 00:04:30,200 Speaker 1: definitely did that, but they may have been three, but 77 00:04:30,240 --> 00:04:33,480 Speaker 1: if not, at least those two. And the hookworms episode, sure, 78 00:04:33,800 --> 00:04:39,440 Speaker 1: yeah Southerners lazy and dumb right, Nope, it was hookworm. Um, yeah, 79 00:04:39,440 --> 00:04:41,480 Speaker 1: we did do some good ones, but this is like, yeah, 80 00:04:41,520 --> 00:04:43,200 Speaker 1: this is the stuff you should know A way is 81 00:04:43,240 --> 00:04:45,839 Speaker 1: where we talk about all the stuff that has to 82 00:04:45,920 --> 00:04:49,640 Speaker 1: do with the larger issue before we ever do larger issue. Yeah. 83 00:04:49,640 --> 00:04:51,360 Speaker 1: And if you listen to the show for a long time, 84 00:04:51,440 --> 00:04:58,160 Speaker 1: you're you're getting a pretty robust education. Yeah, and a 85 00:04:58,160 --> 00:05:02,680 Speaker 1: lot of silliness. Yeah. So um, let's stop the silliness here. 86 00:05:04,200 --> 00:05:08,120 Speaker 1: So uh, if you didn't realize, it's already prepared to 87 00:05:08,160 --> 00:05:11,520 Speaker 1: have your socks knocked off. But we in the developed 88 00:05:11,680 --> 00:05:17,839 Speaker 1: and rapidly developing world, right, Um, I'm just scanning my memory. 89 00:05:17,880 --> 00:05:21,880 Speaker 1: That's the right term, correct, I think? So Okay, um 90 00:05:21,960 --> 00:05:26,279 Speaker 1: our suffering what's known as an immunity crisis, like a 91 00:05:26,320 --> 00:05:29,160 Speaker 1: massive one, the likes of which has probably never been 92 00:05:29,200 --> 00:05:33,280 Speaker 1: seen before in human history. And it's happening at the 93 00:05:33,320 --> 00:05:35,840 Speaker 1: snap of a finger, the blink of an eye, the 94 00:05:36,480 --> 00:05:40,000 Speaker 1: pop of a spit bubble, right like that fast in 95 00:05:40,080 --> 00:05:43,320 Speaker 1: evolutionary terms. To be fair, Josh just said that because 96 00:05:43,320 --> 00:05:45,440 Speaker 1: I popped the spit bubble in his mouth while he 97 00:05:45,520 --> 00:05:48,880 Speaker 1: was talking. That's sort of one of my chores. I 98 00:05:48,960 --> 00:05:53,280 Speaker 1: got some stats between ninety and the year two thousand 99 00:05:53,480 --> 00:05:56,800 Speaker 1: rates of hay fever, eczema, asthma, and type one diabetes, 100 00:05:57,240 --> 00:06:01,240 Speaker 1: and he's all have to do with immune dysfunction, uh 101 00:06:01,400 --> 00:06:06,480 Speaker 1: sort of three D and developed and developing countries since 102 00:06:06,560 --> 00:06:10,560 Speaker 1: nineteen yep, between fifty and two thousand, and children born 103 00:06:10,560 --> 00:06:13,719 Speaker 1: in the UK in nineteen seventy were twice as likely 104 00:06:13,960 --> 00:06:19,160 Speaker 1: to get XIMA than those born in nineteen and there. 105 00:06:19,240 --> 00:06:21,440 Speaker 1: I mean, there are tons of stats we could keep reading, 106 00:06:21,440 --> 00:06:23,640 Speaker 1: but all of this flies in the face of what 107 00:06:23,680 --> 00:06:26,599 Speaker 1: you would think would be happening, which is, as we 108 00:06:26,720 --> 00:06:30,280 Speaker 1: get you know, more medically advanced and our world gets 109 00:06:30,279 --> 00:06:33,400 Speaker 1: more sanitized, sure like everything, people should be getting sick 110 00:06:33,480 --> 00:06:37,160 Speaker 1: less and have more robust immune systems, and the complete 111 00:06:37,160 --> 00:06:40,320 Speaker 1: opposite is happening. Yeah, and it really has been confounding 112 00:06:40,360 --> 00:06:42,800 Speaker 1: people because there's a couple of factors, or there's a 113 00:06:42,800 --> 00:06:45,200 Speaker 1: couple of things here that this evidence is screaming. Number 114 00:06:45,200 --> 00:06:48,200 Speaker 1: one is happening really fast. Number two is happening in 115 00:06:48,240 --> 00:06:53,279 Speaker 1: a distinct part of the world, right, the developed world. Um. 116 00:06:53,320 --> 00:06:58,880 Speaker 1: But it's also happening over time too, in the same places. Yeah. 117 00:06:58,920 --> 00:07:01,440 Speaker 1: But the first one is hapening so fast that rules 118 00:07:01,480 --> 00:07:05,839 Speaker 1: out genetics because genetics doesn't operate that fast. No, no, 119 00:07:06,160 --> 00:07:10,480 Speaker 1: and um, so it's clearly environmental. That's what everybody's settled 120 00:07:10,520 --> 00:07:14,400 Speaker 1: on and um again, it was confounding everybody for a 121 00:07:14,520 --> 00:07:17,520 Speaker 1: very long time. And then in nine there are a 122 00:07:17,560 --> 00:07:20,120 Speaker 1: lot of people who tried to explain this. And in 123 00:07:20,240 --> 00:07:24,480 Speaker 1: ninety nine there was an British epidemiologist named I think 124 00:07:24,720 --> 00:07:30,160 Speaker 1: you pronounced his last name is Strahan? Oh, really Strachen Stratching, 125 00:07:31,040 --> 00:07:35,760 Speaker 1: the Kraaken name, or Michael Strahan, one of the two, 126 00:07:35,920 --> 00:07:38,360 Speaker 1: one of those or Michael Shannon. Let's throw him in 127 00:07:38,360 --> 00:07:42,240 Speaker 1: the mix. Two. Man, he's good. So David Stratching, I'm 128 00:07:42,280 --> 00:07:47,400 Speaker 1: just going with that, um he. He and some colleagues 129 00:07:47,680 --> 00:07:50,840 Speaker 1: released a very short paper in the British Medical Journal 130 00:07:50,840 --> 00:07:55,119 Speaker 1: in nine and it said, we think we might actually 131 00:07:55,200 --> 00:07:58,240 Speaker 1: have this figured out. What's going on beyond behind this 132 00:07:58,400 --> 00:08:02,760 Speaker 1: confounding immune of the crisis, Why everyone's bodies are turning 133 00:08:02,800 --> 00:08:07,120 Speaker 1: on themselves, whether immune systems are going haywire and crazy. Um, 134 00:08:07,480 --> 00:08:11,240 Speaker 1: we think it's because things are too clean actually right. 135 00:08:11,920 --> 00:08:14,240 Speaker 1: And he didn't actually use the term, but the word 136 00:08:14,320 --> 00:08:17,520 Speaker 1: hygiene was in the title of the paper. But right 137 00:08:17,600 --> 00:08:19,920 Speaker 1: after that people said, I like the way you're thinking. 138 00:08:20,120 --> 00:08:22,760 Speaker 1: We're gonna call what you're talking about the hygiene hypothesis, 139 00:08:23,240 --> 00:08:27,560 Speaker 1: but first explain to us what you're talking about stretching, right, 140 00:08:27,640 --> 00:08:30,080 Speaker 1: I mean basically he was saying that if you're a 141 00:08:30,120 --> 00:08:33,520 Speaker 1: little baby that's born and raised up through your early 142 00:08:34,080 --> 00:08:39,760 Speaker 1: very important uh immunity developing years to about age four 143 00:08:39,960 --> 00:08:43,280 Speaker 1: the most important. Yeah. So, uh, if if you were 144 00:08:44,320 --> 00:08:48,040 Speaker 1: cleaning everything too much and slathering everything in hand sanitizer 145 00:08:48,679 --> 00:08:51,600 Speaker 1: and keeping your child inside in a in a protective, 146 00:08:52,000 --> 00:08:55,880 Speaker 1: clean play place, then they are not being exposed to 147 00:08:56,000 --> 00:08:59,560 Speaker 1: the they're too clean, not being exposed to the germs 148 00:08:59,600 --> 00:09:02,160 Speaker 1: that they need to develop a robust immune system. Right. 149 00:09:02,640 --> 00:09:06,120 Speaker 1: That was his interpretation of some evidence. The actual study 150 00:09:06,160 --> 00:09:08,160 Speaker 1: that the paper was based on. It was a study 151 00:09:08,200 --> 00:09:12,360 Speaker 1: he carried out of I think seventeen thousand British households 152 00:09:12,840 --> 00:09:16,120 Speaker 1: kids in particular. Yeah, and he found that kids born 153 00:09:16,280 --> 00:09:24,400 Speaker 1: into smaller families had a higher chance of developing allergies 154 00:09:24,440 --> 00:09:29,200 Speaker 1: as they grew older compared to kids born into larger families. Yeah, 155 00:09:29,240 --> 00:09:33,120 Speaker 1: which is supported his theory, right, which is that because 156 00:09:33,160 --> 00:09:35,440 Speaker 1: there's more people in a family, there are more people 157 00:09:35,480 --> 00:09:39,640 Speaker 1: bringing germs into the home, exposing the little kid to 158 00:09:39,720 --> 00:09:44,800 Speaker 1: the germs um more frequently at an earlier age, and 159 00:09:44,920 --> 00:09:51,600 Speaker 1: that those germs somehow protect us from developing allergies later on. 160 00:09:52,120 --> 00:09:54,160 Speaker 1: That's that was the basis of we have to say 161 00:09:54,200 --> 00:09:56,880 Speaker 1: the original hygiene hypothesis because a lot of people don't 162 00:09:56,880 --> 00:09:59,840 Speaker 1: know it, but it's changed dramatically since then. Yeah, and 163 00:10:00,000 --> 00:10:03,000 Speaker 1: people got on board. It made sense. Um, still kind 164 00:10:03,000 --> 00:10:06,600 Speaker 1: of makes sense in some ways. And uh, it made 165 00:10:06,640 --> 00:10:08,480 Speaker 1: a lot of news, and people really kind of got 166 00:10:08,520 --> 00:10:13,280 Speaker 1: on this train of let's not have any kids or 167 00:10:13,320 --> 00:10:15,560 Speaker 1: just have one, sure, and let's let them roll around 168 00:10:15,559 --> 00:10:19,720 Speaker 1: a dog poop. Right, it did get translated really quickly 169 00:10:19,760 --> 00:10:23,240 Speaker 1: into let's all stop washing our hands because initially the 170 00:10:23,280 --> 00:10:27,760 Speaker 1: thing that was identified was infections. That kids develop infections 171 00:10:27,800 --> 00:10:33,199 Speaker 1: from infectious pathogens, and that being exposed to infections early 172 00:10:33,240 --> 00:10:37,920 Speaker 1: on actually trains the immune system and makes it basically 173 00:10:37,960 --> 00:10:40,880 Speaker 1: bulk up. It makes it gives you a beefy immune 174 00:10:40,880 --> 00:10:43,440 Speaker 1: system later on, and more to the point, a smart one. 175 00:10:44,040 --> 00:10:47,120 Speaker 1: And really we should probably talk about what the immune 176 00:10:47,120 --> 00:10:50,559 Speaker 1: system does to really get home what's stratch And and 177 00:10:50,679 --> 00:10:53,160 Speaker 1: all of his colleagues and everybody in the world was thinking. 178 00:10:53,240 --> 00:10:55,600 Speaker 1: Was actually going on, Yeah, should we take a break 179 00:10:55,640 --> 00:11:14,960 Speaker 1: and talk about a little do a little allergy recap 180 00:11:21,120 --> 00:11:23,520 Speaker 1: all right, so you can refer to our allergy episode 181 00:11:23,600 --> 00:11:29,080 Speaker 1: for the full picture. But um, but here's sort of 182 00:11:29,080 --> 00:11:32,400 Speaker 1: an assessment, an overview, if you will. And that is, 183 00:11:32,600 --> 00:11:34,960 Speaker 1: and I remember when we said this in the initial episode, 184 00:11:35,000 --> 00:11:39,000 Speaker 1: an allergy is basically a mistake. It's a yeah, like, 185 00:11:39,120 --> 00:11:43,480 Speaker 1: there's nothing inherently wrong with dust or pollen. Those things 186 00:11:43,480 --> 00:11:46,040 Speaker 1: are great. They're not actually foreign invaders that are going 187 00:11:46,120 --> 00:11:48,240 Speaker 1: to harm your body. No, there's nothing wrong with dust. 188 00:11:48,320 --> 00:11:50,719 Speaker 1: People avoid dust because they're allergic to it. But it's 189 00:11:50,720 --> 00:11:53,480 Speaker 1: not like dust has some inherent property that gets in 190 00:11:53,480 --> 00:11:56,200 Speaker 1: your nose and makes you sick. You're allergic, Well, it 191 00:11:56,200 --> 00:11:58,440 Speaker 1: makes you allergic, it does, but it doesn't make you sick. 192 00:11:58,559 --> 00:12:00,400 Speaker 1: But it's not the dust's fall, I think, is what 193 00:12:00,480 --> 00:12:03,000 Speaker 1: you're trying to say. It's your stupid immune system's fault. No, 194 00:12:03,160 --> 00:12:05,880 Speaker 1: your immune system says this is a harmful invader, even 195 00:12:05,920 --> 00:12:08,440 Speaker 1: though it's really not. It's pollen or dust or something, 196 00:12:08,960 --> 00:12:12,760 Speaker 1: and let's mount a defense against this. And that is 197 00:12:12,800 --> 00:12:15,640 Speaker 1: what triggers this allergic response, which is, you know, we'll 198 00:12:15,640 --> 00:12:18,160 Speaker 1: govern that in detail, but everyone knows what that is. 199 00:12:18,200 --> 00:12:20,760 Speaker 1: It's in the case of dust and pollen, it's you know, 200 00:12:21,120 --> 00:12:26,160 Speaker 1: sneezing and inflammation in the nose. Yeah, scratchy throat redness, 201 00:12:26,160 --> 00:12:29,079 Speaker 1: maybe a rash, depending on what kind of allergen you're 202 00:12:29,080 --> 00:12:32,240 Speaker 1: talking about. But it's all just a big mistake. Do 203 00:12:32,360 --> 00:12:36,480 Speaker 1: you just made It's really serious, but it's okay. So 204 00:12:36,520 --> 00:12:40,120 Speaker 1: it is a mistake, and this this is why mistakes 205 00:12:40,160 --> 00:12:45,240 Speaker 1: like allergies happen. Okay. The immune system. You're born with 206 00:12:45,280 --> 00:12:48,400 Speaker 1: an immune system that says I'm ready to learn, I'm 207 00:12:48,440 --> 00:12:53,720 Speaker 1: thirsty for knowledge. It's remarkable, right, it actually trains and 208 00:12:54,000 --> 00:12:57,599 Speaker 1: like we said earlier, that first four years are really important. 209 00:12:58,120 --> 00:13:02,079 Speaker 1: It's basically when your immune system learns to recognize what's 210 00:13:02,080 --> 00:13:05,000 Speaker 1: a actual for an invader that I need to defend against, 211 00:13:05,000 --> 00:13:08,000 Speaker 1: a mountain immune response against. And what's just a normal, 212 00:13:08,400 --> 00:13:11,480 Speaker 1: harmless or maybe even friendly microbe in the environment like 213 00:13:11,559 --> 00:13:15,760 Speaker 1: dust or pollen. Such a friendly microbe, right, it really 214 00:13:15,800 --> 00:13:18,800 Speaker 1: has a good personality as far as cat hair it goes. Yeah, 215 00:13:19,440 --> 00:13:22,400 Speaker 1: So what happens is when that immune system meets uh, 216 00:13:22,559 --> 00:13:27,400 Speaker 1: something harmful, truly harmful, it creates an antibody and it's 217 00:13:27,520 --> 00:13:30,640 Speaker 1: very customized. It's not like you said earlier. It's a 218 00:13:30,720 --> 00:13:33,840 Speaker 1: very smart system. It's not just a one size fits 219 00:13:33,880 --> 00:13:37,439 Speaker 1: all deal. Because your body is trying to get very 220 00:13:37,440 --> 00:13:40,160 Speaker 1: specific with how it's going to deal with these invaders 221 00:13:40,160 --> 00:13:43,200 Speaker 1: for the rest of your life. Right. Um, So, when 222 00:13:43,320 --> 00:13:47,000 Speaker 1: when a foreign microbe, friendly or harmful or totally neutral, 223 00:13:47,120 --> 00:13:51,439 Speaker 1: comes into your body, you have a multi layered system 224 00:13:51,600 --> 00:13:54,920 Speaker 1: immune system. It's actually really two layers to tell you 225 00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:58,400 Speaker 1: the truth. There's the innate immune system and then you 226 00:13:58,480 --> 00:14:01,720 Speaker 1: have the adaptive immune system them. And the innate immune 227 00:14:01,760 --> 00:14:05,079 Speaker 1: system is basically that's what you're born with. It's the 228 00:14:05,200 --> 00:14:09,760 Speaker 1: Blaster from Master Blaster okay, okay, which was Blaster. I 229 00:14:09,760 --> 00:14:12,960 Speaker 1: think Blaster was the big like like crushed skull guy 230 00:14:13,160 --> 00:14:15,520 Speaker 1: of course, and then Master was the master the road 231 00:14:15,559 --> 00:14:19,000 Speaker 1: on his shoulders. So Blaster gets his meaty paws on 232 00:14:19,120 --> 00:14:22,840 Speaker 1: a microbe what seems to be a foreign invader, and 233 00:14:23,160 --> 00:14:26,840 Speaker 1: it doesn't matter what it is, Blaster does the same 234 00:14:26,880 --> 00:14:29,760 Speaker 1: thing to it. He crushes them up and eats them 235 00:14:29,800 --> 00:14:34,600 Speaker 1: and digests them and then poops out the the the 236 00:14:34,760 --> 00:14:38,560 Speaker 1: parts of that invader, that microbe that make that microbe 237 00:14:38,560 --> 00:14:42,000 Speaker 1: that microbe um the proteins on the outside of the 238 00:14:42,040 --> 00:14:45,920 Speaker 1: microbe called antigen's okay, and it says, look at this, 239 00:14:46,120 --> 00:14:49,480 Speaker 1: and it shows the adeptive immune system what it's got. Yeah, 240 00:14:49,560 --> 00:14:52,440 Speaker 1: so that innate immunity you're you're born with it, and 241 00:14:52,480 --> 00:14:55,480 Speaker 1: it's it's sort of like, h like mom is going 242 00:14:55,520 --> 00:14:59,040 Speaker 1: to pass on some like cobra coverage almost right, You 243 00:14:59,080 --> 00:15:03,480 Speaker 1: get this like temporary verry insurance that that mom is 244 00:15:03,840 --> 00:15:05,680 Speaker 1: kind enough to pass on, and that covers you for 245 00:15:05,680 --> 00:15:08,360 Speaker 1: a little while while your body is sort of learning 246 00:15:08,360 --> 00:15:11,680 Speaker 1: how to do it on its own. With Master. I'm sorry, 247 00:15:11,720 --> 00:15:15,160 Speaker 1: Blaster sort of leading the way at first. So where 248 00:15:15,160 --> 00:15:18,920 Speaker 1: you left off was it presents it to Master and says, here, 249 00:15:19,680 --> 00:15:23,320 Speaker 1: uh do with this? What you will start learning? Right? 250 00:15:23,480 --> 00:15:27,400 Speaker 1: What is this that I just chewed up? That's two 251 00:15:27,480 --> 00:15:30,600 Speaker 1: John Travoltas in one episode you know that was vide 252 00:15:30,640 --> 00:15:33,600 Speaker 1: Barbarino and what's the other one? I just regular John? 253 00:15:34,480 --> 00:15:40,480 Speaker 1: Why you swee so um? When Blaster spits out these antigens, says, 254 00:15:40,520 --> 00:15:44,000 Speaker 1: what is this? Check it out? Master's job now, Master 255 00:15:44,120 --> 00:15:48,680 Speaker 1: is the adaptive immune system. The second part, This is 256 00:15:48,720 --> 00:15:54,480 Speaker 1: a more nuanced, smarter um selective or supposedly selective part 257 00:15:54,560 --> 00:15:56,600 Speaker 1: of your immune system where it looks at this stuff 258 00:15:57,000 --> 00:16:00,560 Speaker 1: and somehow, some way, I don't understand exactly how it 259 00:16:00,600 --> 00:16:03,360 Speaker 1: does it. Maybe we touched upon it in our immunity episode, 260 00:16:03,880 --> 00:16:07,840 Speaker 1: but the adaptive immune system Master says, Okay, this is 261 00:16:07,840 --> 00:16:11,120 Speaker 1: actually not harmful at all. Don't worry about building in anybody. 262 00:16:11,160 --> 00:16:12,640 Speaker 1: You can forget about that. And as a matter of fact, 263 00:16:12,680 --> 00:16:14,880 Speaker 1: don't forget about it. But the next time you see 264 00:16:14,920 --> 00:16:17,560 Speaker 1: this thing, just let him on through. He's the friendliest 265 00:16:17,600 --> 00:16:19,640 Speaker 1: cat hair you're ever going to meet. Don't kill him 266 00:16:19,640 --> 00:16:23,000 Speaker 1: next time. Yeah, Or if it's an if it's an 267 00:16:23,160 --> 00:16:27,440 Speaker 1: actual foreign invader and everything is going smoothly and correctly, 268 00:16:27,800 --> 00:16:31,480 Speaker 1: then the adaptive immune system is going to say, well, whoa, whoa, 269 00:16:31,800 --> 00:16:34,960 Speaker 1: this is a really dangerous thing you've just presented me with. 270 00:16:35,560 --> 00:16:38,040 Speaker 1: We're going to study its weaknesses and we're going to 271 00:16:38,240 --> 00:16:42,520 Speaker 1: build a molecule that is designed to kill this thing 272 00:16:42,560 --> 00:16:46,000 Speaker 1: with extreme prejudice. Yeah, it turns into Clint Eastwood all 273 00:16:46,000 --> 00:16:48,880 Speaker 1: of a sudden. Yes. Um. While this is going on 274 00:16:49,160 --> 00:16:54,000 Speaker 1: in the background, we should mention that uh blaster has 275 00:16:54,640 --> 00:16:57,960 Speaker 1: already set off the He's basically walled things off with 276 00:16:58,080 --> 00:17:02,360 Speaker 1: an inflammatory response. Yeah, and not like something you know, 277 00:17:02,560 --> 00:17:05,000 Speaker 1: mean that he said to Master, Not that kind of 278 00:17:05,040 --> 00:17:09,040 Speaker 1: inflammatory response, but why are you so short? But regular 279 00:17:09,480 --> 00:17:12,480 Speaker 1: A regular inflammatory response is sort of the big dumb 280 00:17:12,680 --> 00:17:14,840 Speaker 1: guy's way to deal with something. It's like, all right, 281 00:17:14,880 --> 00:17:16,720 Speaker 1: while you figure this out, just let me puff up 282 00:17:17,200 --> 00:17:20,399 Speaker 1: and let me cause a rash or give give you 283 00:17:20,440 --> 00:17:24,280 Speaker 1: a fever or you know. There's all sorts of inflammatory responses. Yeah, 284 00:17:24,320 --> 00:17:27,160 Speaker 1: blasters responsible for what you think of when you think 285 00:17:27,200 --> 00:17:30,760 Speaker 1: of uh an infection. Yeah, you're fighting out like me 286 00:17:30,840 --> 00:17:34,000 Speaker 1: last week. Now, I had that weird virus. Yeah it's gone, 287 00:17:34,160 --> 00:17:37,480 Speaker 1: it's gone. Great, that is weird. It is weird. Um, 288 00:17:37,520 --> 00:17:39,159 Speaker 1: but I had we had Emily and I both had 289 00:17:39,200 --> 00:17:41,960 Speaker 1: all sorts of things weird bumps and lumps and rashes 290 00:17:42,040 --> 00:17:47,520 Speaker 1: and fever. Yeah it was. It was not good. But um, 291 00:17:47,560 --> 00:17:50,679 Speaker 1: so that's the inflammatory response is going on while Master 292 00:17:50,920 --> 00:17:53,919 Speaker 1: is working on his plan rights sort of like a 293 00:17:53,960 --> 00:17:56,399 Speaker 1: first line of defense almost. So we have to so 294 00:17:56,600 --> 00:17:59,359 Speaker 1: Julia Layton put this one together and like we have 295 00:17:59,520 --> 00:18:03,560 Speaker 1: to go or the four the four key components of 296 00:18:03,600 --> 00:18:09,760 Speaker 1: the inflammation response. Okay, okay, you've got calor, dolor, rub or, 297 00:18:09,920 --> 00:18:12,840 Speaker 1: and two more. It sounds like Game of Thrones or something. 298 00:18:12,880 --> 00:18:17,280 Speaker 1: It does. It's heat, pain, redness, and swelling. Yeah, and 299 00:18:17,320 --> 00:18:18,760 Speaker 1: when you put them all together, you're like, yeah, of 300 00:18:18,840 --> 00:18:21,280 Speaker 1: course it's analogy. That's an infection. That's what happens when 301 00:18:21,359 --> 00:18:24,040 Speaker 1: something tries to get my body. Blaster goes and and 302 00:18:24,160 --> 00:18:26,520 Speaker 1: brings this on. Right. Yeah, and man, every time we 303 00:18:26,520 --> 00:18:28,960 Speaker 1: study the immune system, it just blows me away. I 304 00:18:29,160 --> 00:18:32,560 Speaker 1: love it. It's just amazing that humans can do this. Yeah, 305 00:18:32,920 --> 00:18:36,360 Speaker 1: you know so, um yeah, we're not even trying. No, 306 00:18:36,720 --> 00:18:39,399 Speaker 1: we're just sitting around watching Well I'm not watching Thrones. 307 00:18:39,480 --> 00:18:42,160 Speaker 1: But do you watch that? No? Did you? I watched 308 00:18:42,160 --> 00:18:44,919 Speaker 1: the first few seasons and dropped off. Yeah. Apparently you 309 00:18:45,000 --> 00:18:48,760 Speaker 1: pulled out just in time. M according to Reddit, Well, 310 00:18:48,880 --> 00:18:51,480 Speaker 1: I know everyone said one through seven was great. Okay, 311 00:18:51,560 --> 00:18:53,359 Speaker 1: so you did in foresaw seven? Now I saw like 312 00:18:53,359 --> 00:18:56,800 Speaker 1: one through three and then just got confused and went 313 00:18:56,840 --> 00:19:01,880 Speaker 1: to sleep. It was using, Oh yeah, there's a lot 314 00:19:02,160 --> 00:19:03,879 Speaker 1: going on. Yeah, you have to keep up with the 315 00:19:04,280 --> 00:19:07,360 Speaker 1: characters and storylines, and it just got too too much. 316 00:19:07,400 --> 00:19:09,520 Speaker 1: I was just like, yeah, okay, I'm gonna go back 317 00:19:09,520 --> 00:19:13,239 Speaker 1: and watch uh Company again. Right. I can't wait for that. 318 00:19:13,920 --> 00:19:17,480 Speaker 1: I watched um Berry, have you been watching Barry? Now? 319 00:19:17,520 --> 00:19:19,719 Speaker 1: I need I watched a few episodes on a plane 320 00:19:20,720 --> 00:19:22,639 Speaker 1: I started. Yeah, I need to get Emily on the 321 00:19:22,680 --> 00:19:25,040 Speaker 1: on the Berry train. It's very good. It is good. Yeah, 322 00:19:25,080 --> 00:19:27,760 Speaker 1: that's a good show and VP. Of course I need 323 00:19:27,760 --> 00:19:29,840 Speaker 1: to watch the last season of V I'm not on 324 00:19:29,880 --> 00:19:34,240 Speaker 1: that same here, okay, So anyway, slight digression, Keller, Dolor, 325 00:19:34,400 --> 00:19:38,320 Speaker 1: rub Or, and two more Um and Blaster. The innate 326 00:19:38,560 --> 00:19:42,960 Speaker 1: um immune system is basically creating this to to keep 327 00:19:43,000 --> 00:19:48,679 Speaker 1: the infection localized. Wow, the adaptive system Master is figuring 328 00:19:48,680 --> 00:19:51,360 Speaker 1: out what to do and building the anybody. So once 329 00:19:51,359 --> 00:19:53,760 Speaker 1: all this happens, that anybody is released, it goes in 330 00:19:53,920 --> 00:19:58,880 Speaker 1: and destroys the whatever remaining microbes of that foreign invader 331 00:19:58,880 --> 00:20:03,280 Speaker 1: are still around, and the body is saved. And even better, 332 00:20:03,440 --> 00:20:07,920 Speaker 1: somehow your immune system remembers this. Yeah, that's the important part, right, 333 00:20:08,040 --> 00:20:11,240 Speaker 1: so that the next time Blaster comes along and comes 334 00:20:11,280 --> 00:20:14,160 Speaker 1: back with that same that same micro but the same 335 00:20:14,200 --> 00:20:17,400 Speaker 1: kind of microbe. Master says, I know just the thing 336 00:20:17,480 --> 00:20:19,800 Speaker 1: for this guy. We've met him before. We're gonna get 337 00:20:19,800 --> 00:20:22,359 Speaker 1: this anybody over here, and it's going to destroy them 338 00:20:22,480 --> 00:20:25,080 Speaker 1: and the body will just keep coming along with the 339 00:20:25,119 --> 00:20:32,159 Speaker 1: immune system mounting normal um appropriate responses, and your body, 340 00:20:32,480 --> 00:20:34,920 Speaker 1: all your cells are just screaming. Two men enter, one 341 00:20:34,920 --> 00:20:38,560 Speaker 1: man leave the whole time. It's very uh, it's kind 342 00:20:38,600 --> 00:20:42,359 Speaker 1: of disturbing actually under a microscope. Should we talk about 343 00:20:42,359 --> 00:20:45,960 Speaker 1: T cells? Yeah, didn't you say we're quickly going to 344 00:20:46,040 --> 00:20:48,320 Speaker 1: go over the immune system. I mean, we don't have 345 00:20:48,359 --> 00:20:50,280 Speaker 1: to talk about T cells. No, No, I'm just saying 346 00:20:50,680 --> 00:20:53,359 Speaker 1: we've talked about different being quick we talked about them 347 00:20:53,400 --> 00:20:56,080 Speaker 1: a lot in the past. Yeah, but not to this 348 00:20:56,080 --> 00:20:58,280 Speaker 1: this degree, and they actually are pretty important in this 349 00:20:58,880 --> 00:21:04,639 Speaker 1: all right, Well, so remember that blaster the innate immunity. 350 00:21:05,160 --> 00:21:08,239 Speaker 1: Uh dude, Remember any microbe it gets his hands on, 351 00:21:08,320 --> 00:21:11,400 Speaker 1: it does the same thing to Too bad for the microbe. 352 00:21:11,480 --> 00:21:15,280 Speaker 1: So he's going to present that that microbe's antigens to 353 00:21:15,640 --> 00:21:19,280 Speaker 1: these t Helper cells T cells that we've talked about before, 354 00:21:19,600 --> 00:21:23,400 Speaker 1: and they are part of Master's smarter system. And like 355 00:21:23,480 --> 00:21:25,480 Speaker 1: earlier when he said he presents it, what he's really 356 00:21:25,480 --> 00:21:28,320 Speaker 1: doing is presenting to those T helper cells. Right, So 357 00:21:29,000 --> 00:21:31,680 Speaker 1: there's T helper cells that are undifferentiated. There's kind of 358 00:21:31,680 --> 00:21:33,679 Speaker 1: floating a long waiting to be told what to become. 359 00:21:34,040 --> 00:21:36,879 Speaker 1: And then Master says, you turn into some th h 360 00:21:37,000 --> 00:21:40,480 Speaker 1: one cells. Because this is a bacterial or a viral infection. 361 00:21:40,880 --> 00:21:44,000 Speaker 1: Th H one cells are are um specialized to combat 362 00:21:44,080 --> 00:21:48,359 Speaker 1: that kind of microbe or if say it's a hookworm 363 00:21:48,720 --> 00:21:52,680 Speaker 1: infection um they would turn into th H two cells, 364 00:21:52,880 --> 00:21:56,479 Speaker 1: or if it's an allergy or an allergic response, it 365 00:21:56,520 --> 00:21:59,240 Speaker 1: means th H two cells are involved too. And this 366 00:21:59,320 --> 00:22:03,480 Speaker 1: is here the key to the original interpretation of the 367 00:22:03,560 --> 00:22:07,240 Speaker 1: hygiene hypothesis. Yeah, and the th H one it's it's 368 00:22:07,240 --> 00:22:09,480 Speaker 1: sort of a they do a lot of things, but 369 00:22:09,760 --> 00:22:12,520 Speaker 1: th H one generally work on the inside of cells 370 00:22:12,520 --> 00:22:15,119 Speaker 1: and th H two generally work on the outside of cells. 371 00:22:15,600 --> 00:22:19,840 Speaker 1: They sort of split up and they sort of balance 372 00:22:19,920 --> 00:22:22,600 Speaker 1: each other out too. That's a big, big key to Yeah, 373 00:22:22,680 --> 00:22:24,600 Speaker 1: like if there are more th H one cells, there 374 00:22:24,600 --> 00:22:26,960 Speaker 1: will be less th H two and the other way around. Right, 375 00:22:26,960 --> 00:22:29,720 Speaker 1: they kind of regulate one another, or more like more 376 00:22:29,800 --> 00:22:35,280 Speaker 1: to the point, t T regulator cells regulate th H 377 00:22:35,400 --> 00:22:37,720 Speaker 1: one and th H two cells. Yeah, the T REGs, 378 00:22:37,760 --> 00:22:40,160 Speaker 1: which we didn't find out about until like the two 379 00:22:40,160 --> 00:22:44,000 Speaker 1: thousand's right, But if there are this is the point here. 380 00:22:44,280 --> 00:22:47,080 Speaker 1: If there are a lot of th H two cells, 381 00:22:47,080 --> 00:22:49,879 Speaker 1: there's not going to be very many th H one cells, 382 00:22:49,960 --> 00:22:54,040 Speaker 1: and vice versa. And so the original interpretation of the 383 00:22:54,080 --> 00:22:58,159 Speaker 1: hygiene hypothesis was that kids who are not exposed to 384 00:22:58,440 --> 00:23:02,240 Speaker 1: bacterial or viral infecttions early on in life, do not 385 00:23:02,400 --> 00:23:05,520 Speaker 1: have a chance for their immune system to learn what's 386 00:23:05,560 --> 00:23:08,879 Speaker 1: good what's bad. And since their th H one cells 387 00:23:08,880 --> 00:23:13,560 Speaker 1: aren't activated because they're not exposed to pathogens, um, they're 388 00:23:13,600 --> 00:23:16,840 Speaker 1: th H two cells, the ones that are responsible for 389 00:23:16,880 --> 00:23:20,840 Speaker 1: allergic reactions, get to go into hyper drive and being 390 00:23:21,160 --> 00:23:24,399 Speaker 1: responsible for allergic reaction th H two cells kind of 391 00:23:24,440 --> 00:23:27,720 Speaker 1: like a hammer into a hammer, everything looks like a nail. 392 00:23:28,240 --> 00:23:30,520 Speaker 1: So to the th H two cells, everything looks like 393 00:23:30,520 --> 00:23:33,600 Speaker 1: a foreign invader, and so an allergic response is mounted. 394 00:23:33,840 --> 00:23:38,320 Speaker 1: So because the kids th H one cells weren't active enough, 395 00:23:38,480 --> 00:23:41,560 Speaker 1: the th H two cells were overactive, they weren't exposed 396 00:23:41,600 --> 00:23:45,840 Speaker 1: to infections, they developed allergies later in life. That's what 397 00:23:45,960 --> 00:23:48,600 Speaker 1: they thought was the crux of the hygiene hypothesis, and 398 00:23:48,640 --> 00:23:50,600 Speaker 1: that it was all because we're we were living in 399 00:23:50,640 --> 00:23:54,639 Speaker 1: a world as far too clean for our own good. Yeah, 400 00:23:54,680 --> 00:23:56,680 Speaker 1: And you know, there are more studies that they did 401 00:23:56,720 --> 00:23:59,800 Speaker 1: that really seem to support this in the in the nineties, UM, 402 00:24:00,080 --> 00:24:03,960 Speaker 1: really interesting one in the Germany's UH in the early 403 00:24:04,040 --> 00:24:07,600 Speaker 1: nineties they did in a study of allergy rates of 404 00:24:07,720 --> 00:24:12,200 Speaker 1: East and West German kids pre unification. Obviously, and this 405 00:24:12,280 --> 00:24:14,600 Speaker 1: was a really great idea, because what you had was 406 00:24:15,119 --> 00:24:19,879 Speaker 1: two populations that were genetically identical, basically just living in 407 00:24:19,920 --> 00:24:24,320 Speaker 1: two drastically different environments. Obviously, East Germany was very polluted, 408 00:24:24,960 --> 00:24:30,199 Speaker 1: it was generally more poor, um much more industrialized, and 409 00:24:30,240 --> 00:24:33,600 Speaker 1: in the West it was you know, cleaner probably and 410 00:24:34,880 --> 00:24:37,920 Speaker 1: cleaner but cleaner for sure, and kind of all the 411 00:24:37,920 --> 00:24:41,960 Speaker 1: way around. And so they hypothesize. There was a researcher 412 00:24:42,040 --> 00:24:48,280 Speaker 1: named Edeka von Mutious that's good enough. I think that's 413 00:24:48,280 --> 00:24:53,200 Speaker 1: exactly right. And she basically, you know, said, well, clearly, 414 00:24:53,280 --> 00:24:55,880 Speaker 1: the children from the West will be healthier and less allergic, 415 00:24:56,400 --> 00:24:59,040 Speaker 1: and she found the exact opposite again, so it was 416 00:24:59,119 --> 00:25:02,200 Speaker 1: just another s of some more compelling evidence that this 417 00:25:02,320 --> 00:25:05,160 Speaker 1: hygiene hypothesis kind of carried a lot of weight. Yeah, 418 00:25:05,160 --> 00:25:07,359 Speaker 1: and the fact that she was expecting the opposite was 419 00:25:07,520 --> 00:25:09,879 Speaker 1: kind of interesting too. But she was like, whoa, I 420 00:25:10,000 --> 00:25:14,160 Speaker 1: just accidentally proved this hygiene hypothesis because it doesn't again, 421 00:25:14,240 --> 00:25:18,920 Speaker 1: it makes zero sense that the cleaner the environment, the 422 00:25:19,040 --> 00:25:23,560 Speaker 1: more likely your immune system is to malfunction later in life. Right, 423 00:25:23,920 --> 00:25:26,239 Speaker 1: should we take a break? Yeah, all right, we'll take 424 00:25:26,280 --> 00:25:29,200 Speaker 1: a break and we'll talk about sort of where this 425 00:25:29,440 --> 00:25:32,359 Speaker 1: is now in the new understanding that hasn't gotten nearly 426 00:25:32,480 --> 00:25:59,880 Speaker 1: enough press. Right. Okay, so the world really clamped onto 427 00:26:00,000 --> 00:26:02,959 Speaker 1: a hygiene hypothesis because I mean it makes a lot 428 00:26:03,000 --> 00:26:05,080 Speaker 1: of sense, Like it's very appealing. It's like, yeah, just 429 00:26:05,160 --> 00:26:07,320 Speaker 1: go be dirty, you don't have to worry about all 430 00:26:07,359 --> 00:26:11,040 Speaker 1: this stuff. And yeah, pesticides are are terrible for us, 431 00:26:11,520 --> 00:26:15,480 Speaker 1: so as antibacterial soap, and you know, just everything you 432 00:26:15,560 --> 00:26:18,639 Speaker 1: can think of. Um. The idea of it was was 433 00:26:18,760 --> 00:26:21,280 Speaker 1: really or really just kind of appealing to the world, 434 00:26:21,400 --> 00:26:23,720 Speaker 1: especially in the nineties because that's when people started caring 435 00:26:23,760 --> 00:26:26,440 Speaker 1: about like herbs and supplements and like organic food and 436 00:26:26,520 --> 00:26:29,159 Speaker 1: stuff like that. So the timing was really good. And 437 00:26:29,240 --> 00:26:31,600 Speaker 1: the idea of looking at all these chemicals we're using 438 00:26:31,640 --> 00:26:34,840 Speaker 1: to sanitize our world is actually harmful rather than beneficial 439 00:26:35,240 --> 00:26:39,680 Speaker 1: appealed to a lot of people. But it also appealed 440 00:26:39,680 --> 00:26:41,800 Speaker 1: to people in the sense that now we had an 441 00:26:41,840 --> 00:26:48,520 Speaker 1: explanation for this mysterious massive explosion in in allergic um 442 00:26:48,960 --> 00:26:55,359 Speaker 1: reactions and immuno messed up function. Right. Sure, did you 443 00:26:55,400 --> 00:26:59,879 Speaker 1: know type one diabetes is a um um an immuno 444 00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:02,800 Speaker 1: efficiency Just from this, Yeah, me too. I had no 445 00:27:02,880 --> 00:27:05,320 Speaker 1: idea was like why did they keep talking about diabetes, 446 00:27:05,400 --> 00:27:09,840 Speaker 1: and then I realize your body has mistaken the beta 447 00:27:09,920 --> 00:27:12,359 Speaker 1: cells that produce insulin and your pancreas as a foreign 448 00:27:12,359 --> 00:27:15,639 Speaker 1: invader and attacks them. That's why you don't have insulin 449 00:27:15,880 --> 00:27:18,840 Speaker 1: enough insulin, because your body is turned on it. Very interesting, 450 00:27:18,920 --> 00:27:22,920 Speaker 1: same with like crones and um uh, any kind of 451 00:27:22,920 --> 00:27:26,480 Speaker 1: autoimmune disorder. Really, yeah, your body is mistaking the cells 452 00:27:26,520 --> 00:27:29,200 Speaker 1: of your own body as a foreign invader. But again, 453 00:27:29,320 --> 00:27:32,359 Speaker 1: these the incidents of these these kinds of disease just 454 00:27:32,560 --> 00:27:36,120 Speaker 1: exploded over you know a handful of decades and by 455 00:27:36,200 --> 00:27:39,240 Speaker 1: the nineties and about two thousand people had said it 456 00:27:39,320 --> 00:27:42,240 Speaker 1: was because we're overly clean. We're killing off the pathogens 457 00:27:42,280 --> 00:27:44,560 Speaker 1: that we actually need to infect our kids so that 458 00:27:44,640 --> 00:27:47,480 Speaker 1: their bodies can recognize a good invader from a bad 459 00:27:47,520 --> 00:27:51,960 Speaker 1: invader and they won't develop allergic reactions later on. Right, Well, 460 00:27:52,040 --> 00:27:56,800 Speaker 1: today we now know that the hygiene hypothesis wasn't quite right. 461 00:27:57,040 --> 00:27:59,160 Speaker 1: It's been It's not like they threw it all out, 462 00:27:59,680 --> 00:28:02,640 Speaker 1: but it's been revised and and it's a lot smarter now, 463 00:28:03,359 --> 00:28:06,120 Speaker 1: and they're the basic theory now is is that what's 464 00:28:06,200 --> 00:28:10,840 Speaker 1: missing it's not necessarily a hygiene thing, but it's nature. 465 00:28:11,280 --> 00:28:13,840 Speaker 1: And they have a name for it, which is very cute, 466 00:28:14,280 --> 00:28:18,760 Speaker 1: the old Friends theory, and this is introduced by a 467 00:28:18,960 --> 00:28:22,800 Speaker 1: fellow name Graham Rook in his Colleagues and two thousand three, 468 00:28:23,760 --> 00:28:28,359 Speaker 1: and this basically theorizes that exposure to these harmless microbes, 469 00:28:28,680 --> 00:28:32,080 Speaker 1: not the pathogens or what's going to protect you from 470 00:28:32,600 --> 00:28:39,200 Speaker 1: allergy sensitization. So, uh, kids playing in the dirt and 471 00:28:39,400 --> 00:28:41,920 Speaker 1: kids getting looked in the face by a dog in 472 00:28:42,120 --> 00:28:45,040 Speaker 1: the years one through three and four is actually a 473 00:28:45,080 --> 00:28:48,160 Speaker 1: really good thing. Doesn't mean you shouldn't wash your hands 474 00:28:48,200 --> 00:28:51,320 Speaker 1: after you poop or just let that chicken, pull that 475 00:28:51,400 --> 00:28:54,120 Speaker 1: raw chicken off the counter and don't sweat it. You 476 00:28:54,160 --> 00:28:59,719 Speaker 1: should still practice um basic hygienes. But kids being inside 477 00:28:59,760 --> 00:29:02,320 Speaker 1: all the time and not being exposed to nature like 478 00:29:02,920 --> 00:29:06,320 Speaker 1: they were for hundreds of thousands of years is the 479 00:29:06,920 --> 00:29:10,160 Speaker 1: sort of the problem, right, And it's part of the problem. 480 00:29:10,280 --> 00:29:12,800 Speaker 1: Why this is why why it was easy before and 481 00:29:12,960 --> 00:29:18,160 Speaker 1: not now, is because they're saying, um, yes, do wash 482 00:29:18,240 --> 00:29:21,560 Speaker 1: your hands, but not all the time. So what they've 483 00:29:21,600 --> 00:29:26,600 Speaker 1: identified is those pathogens that they originally thought we were killing, 484 00:29:26,960 --> 00:29:29,520 Speaker 1: and um, it was having a detrimental effect on us. 485 00:29:30,000 --> 00:29:33,640 Speaker 1: The opposite is true. They found that we really should 486 00:29:33,720 --> 00:29:36,600 Speaker 1: keep washing our hands and killing off things like the 487 00:29:36,640 --> 00:29:39,280 Speaker 1: stuff you get from chicken juice, raw chicken and coop 488 00:29:39,400 --> 00:29:42,760 Speaker 1: and like infectious disease. We need to keep fighting that 489 00:29:42,920 --> 00:29:45,239 Speaker 1: like we are. It's actually a huge benefit we need 490 00:29:45,320 --> 00:29:48,560 Speaker 1: to keep, like getting vaccinated. We need to um defend 491 00:29:48,600 --> 00:29:51,040 Speaker 1: against colds and the flu and all this stuff like 492 00:29:51,240 --> 00:29:53,720 Speaker 1: that is something we want to keep it pay not 493 00:29:53,960 --> 00:29:57,080 Speaker 1: exposed kids to that. We found the opposite is true. Actually, 494 00:29:57,160 --> 00:30:00,640 Speaker 1: exposure to things like colds and flues and measles in 495 00:30:00,800 --> 00:30:05,800 Speaker 1: childhood actually increases the likelihood of developing allergies later in life, 496 00:30:06,200 --> 00:30:09,520 Speaker 1: which is the opposite of the original hygiene hypothesis. But 497 00:30:09,600 --> 00:30:11,600 Speaker 1: what they found is so we need to keep defending 498 00:30:11,640 --> 00:30:15,520 Speaker 1: against those infectious pathogens, but we need to up our 499 00:30:15,600 --> 00:30:19,600 Speaker 1: exposure to those friendly microbes, the ones friends, the ones 500 00:30:19,680 --> 00:30:22,360 Speaker 1: we the old friends that our bodies co evolved with 501 00:30:22,560 --> 00:30:25,280 Speaker 1: over these hundreds of thousands or millions of years, and 502 00:30:25,360 --> 00:30:29,720 Speaker 1: that we've realized now just beginning to realize, uh, make 503 00:30:29,800 --> 00:30:32,880 Speaker 1: up a symbiotic relationship with us, or at the very 504 00:30:33,000 --> 00:30:35,920 Speaker 1: least some sort of relationship. We depend on them, and 505 00:30:36,080 --> 00:30:38,960 Speaker 1: by not being exposed to as many microbes as we 506 00:30:39,040 --> 00:30:43,120 Speaker 1: were in decades past before everybody got obsessed with being clean. Um, 507 00:30:43,920 --> 00:30:48,040 Speaker 1: we are. Immune systems are not functioning properly, whether it's 508 00:30:48,160 --> 00:30:51,280 Speaker 1: they're not being trained early on enough or they're just 509 00:30:51,400 --> 00:30:54,120 Speaker 1: not being exposed to the right kind of microbes that 510 00:30:54,240 --> 00:30:57,880 Speaker 1: form colonies like in our gut or on our bodies somewhere. Yeah. 511 00:30:57,920 --> 00:31:01,600 Speaker 1: And what's really, um, sort of the newest uh concern 512 00:31:01,800 --> 00:31:06,400 Speaker 1: as the rise in food allergies. Um, it's really like 513 00:31:06,840 --> 00:31:08,720 Speaker 1: you grew up in the seventies and eighties, do you 514 00:31:08,760 --> 00:31:12,760 Speaker 1: ever remember peanut allergies being a thing? Zero? I knew 515 00:31:12,880 --> 00:31:15,040 Speaker 1: zero kids who had peanut Yeah. I mean we just 516 00:31:15,200 --> 00:31:18,720 Speaker 1: like slathered ourselves in peanut butter growing up constantly. Yeah, 517 00:31:18,920 --> 00:31:21,080 Speaker 1: there was a trend. Yeah, it exploded in the West 518 00:31:21,160 --> 00:31:23,560 Speaker 1: in the in the nineties and it continues to rise. 519 00:31:23,920 --> 00:31:27,760 Speaker 1: They're calling it the second wave of allergy, the second epidemic. Basically, 520 00:31:28,840 --> 00:31:33,440 Speaker 1: one in ten kids in the developed world have food allergies. 521 00:31:33,680 --> 00:31:36,520 Speaker 1: That is nuts. And that's just in the developed world. 522 00:31:36,560 --> 00:31:41,680 Speaker 1: I think in America. It's in America, it's yeah, one 523 00:31:41,720 --> 00:31:44,480 Speaker 1: in five has a food allergy in America. Yeah, and 524 00:31:44,560 --> 00:31:47,720 Speaker 1: like serious allergy sometimes like I have a friend whose 525 00:31:47,760 --> 00:31:51,120 Speaker 1: sisters son is. I mean, this kid's allergic to everything 526 00:31:51,680 --> 00:31:54,960 Speaker 1: you could imagine. And it's not like that's the outlier. 527 00:31:55,080 --> 00:31:57,280 Speaker 1: Like you hear about more and more cases like that. Yeah, 528 00:31:57,680 --> 00:32:00,520 Speaker 1: one in five kids has a food allergy G And 529 00:32:00,800 --> 00:32:04,160 Speaker 1: like again, in the eighties, there was no such thing 530 00:32:04,280 --> 00:32:07,080 Speaker 1: as a peanut allergy basically, I mean, they were, but 531 00:32:07,200 --> 00:32:10,600 Speaker 1: it was just vanishingly rare. Yeah, And it's not like 532 00:32:10,880 --> 00:32:12,480 Speaker 1: we didn't we just didn't know what to call it 533 00:32:12,560 --> 00:32:15,040 Speaker 1: back then. A kid would peanut and drop dead. We 534 00:32:15,160 --> 00:32:23,600 Speaker 1: call the balloon faced syndrome. God, that's terrible, but uh, yeah, 535 00:32:23,880 --> 00:32:26,480 Speaker 1: it's a real thing that's happening. Food allergies are just 536 00:32:26,640 --> 00:32:28,960 Speaker 1: off the charts now compared to how they used to be. Yeah. 537 00:32:29,200 --> 00:32:31,440 Speaker 1: So that, like you said, that's the second wave of this. 538 00:32:31,600 --> 00:32:35,800 Speaker 1: And what what they're thinking is going on is kids 539 00:32:35,920 --> 00:32:38,920 Speaker 1: are less exposed to the microbes that we used to 540 00:32:38,960 --> 00:32:42,080 Speaker 1: be more exposed to because we're spending more time inside 541 00:32:42,520 --> 00:32:45,479 Speaker 1: because we're using way more disinfectants. And it's good we're 542 00:32:45,560 --> 00:32:49,440 Speaker 1: using the disinfectants because they do kill the pathogens that 543 00:32:49,600 --> 00:32:53,120 Speaker 1: we do want to keep at bay, but they kill indiscriminately, 544 00:32:53,200 --> 00:32:55,600 Speaker 1: so they also kill all the friendly microbes that actually 545 00:32:55,720 --> 00:33:00,120 Speaker 1: perform wonderful benefits for like the healthy functioning of our 546 00:33:00,160 --> 00:33:03,239 Speaker 1: immune system. Yeah, the harmless bacteria that that children need 547 00:33:03,280 --> 00:33:06,840 Speaker 1: to be exposed to and adults. Right, although they do 548 00:33:07,080 --> 00:33:10,760 Speaker 1: think that when you are exposing kids to microbes, or 549 00:33:10,760 --> 00:33:13,880 Speaker 1: when you are being exposed to microbes like you and I, um, 550 00:33:14,080 --> 00:33:18,360 Speaker 1: it's probably not doing a lot for us. Yeah, because 551 00:33:18,360 --> 00:33:21,720 Speaker 1: our immune systems are already developed. It really counts for kids, 552 00:33:22,240 --> 00:33:24,600 Speaker 1: like from birth up to about four years of age, 553 00:33:24,640 --> 00:33:27,440 Speaker 1: because again, that's when your immune system is being trained, 554 00:33:27,720 --> 00:33:29,600 Speaker 1: and if it's being trained by a bunch of friendly 555 00:33:29,640 --> 00:33:32,560 Speaker 1: microbes saying that's okay, blaster, you can kill me, just 556 00:33:32,640 --> 00:33:34,600 Speaker 1: make sure you don't kill any of anyone else like 557 00:33:34,680 --> 00:33:37,640 Speaker 1: me because I'm fine, I'm not gonna do anything to you. 558 00:33:38,000 --> 00:33:41,560 Speaker 1: Then then that is what's creating the healthier immune system 559 00:33:41,640 --> 00:33:44,600 Speaker 1: and lowering the risk of allergies later on. Yeah, so 560 00:33:44,680 --> 00:33:47,080 Speaker 1: they recommend you know, getting your kids out in nature, 561 00:33:47,160 --> 00:33:50,760 Speaker 1: let them play in the dirt. Uh. If you can breastfeed, 562 00:33:50,880 --> 00:33:53,800 Speaker 1: then that helps. If you can have a vaginal birth, 563 00:33:53,920 --> 00:33:56,920 Speaker 1: that helps. Although I saw a study that's that showed 564 00:33:57,400 --> 00:34:01,840 Speaker 1: um children born from c set shin were swabbed in 565 00:34:02,600 --> 00:34:06,160 Speaker 1: um vaginal fluid from their mother's birth canal to give 566 00:34:06,240 --> 00:34:08,640 Speaker 1: them like this coating of micrubs like they would have 567 00:34:08,680 --> 00:34:11,680 Speaker 1: gotten from a vaginal birth. So they do that. They 568 00:34:11,760 --> 00:34:13,680 Speaker 1: did it to like four kids in this one study 569 00:34:14,280 --> 00:34:17,520 Speaker 1: and the results were mixed. And then another study found 570 00:34:17,640 --> 00:34:21,200 Speaker 1: six weeks after birth. They this study didn't find any 571 00:34:21,280 --> 00:34:25,879 Speaker 1: difference in um microbial makeup between kids who were born 572 00:34:26,000 --> 00:34:28,520 Speaker 1: vaginally and kids who were born through c section, So 573 00:34:28,680 --> 00:34:30,719 Speaker 1: it might not be as big of an issue as 574 00:34:30,760 --> 00:34:33,400 Speaker 1: we thought. Well, they definitely say to practice target what 575 00:34:33,480 --> 00:34:36,520 Speaker 1: they called targeted hygiene, which, like you were saying, it's 576 00:34:36,520 --> 00:34:39,000 Speaker 1: not like you don't clean up after the raw chickens 577 00:34:39,080 --> 00:34:41,280 Speaker 1: on the counter or wash your hands after you poop, 578 00:34:41,800 --> 00:34:45,000 Speaker 1: but um, get rid of the snotty tissues and wash 579 00:34:45,080 --> 00:34:47,719 Speaker 1: your hands after you do those things and blow your 580 00:34:47,800 --> 00:34:50,479 Speaker 1: nose right, wash your hands after you use the bathroom. Yeah, 581 00:34:50,560 --> 00:34:53,120 Speaker 1: but start washing your hands again. Everybody is the key. 582 00:34:54,120 --> 00:34:56,040 Speaker 1: But get out there and play in the dirt too. 583 00:34:56,320 --> 00:35:00,680 Speaker 1: And uh, it's like a kid. Kids should be in nature. Okay, 584 00:35:00,800 --> 00:35:03,320 Speaker 1: so yes, playing the dirt, go out in the woods, 585 00:35:03,719 --> 00:35:05,840 Speaker 1: go for a hike, get your kid a dog, or 586 00:35:05,840 --> 00:35:08,359 Speaker 1: a cat, ye, and let them hug and kiss take 587 00:35:08,400 --> 00:35:11,040 Speaker 1: them to a petting zoo. Like that's like you don't 588 00:35:11,120 --> 00:35:13,360 Speaker 1: have to This is the point. You don't have to 589 00:35:13,760 --> 00:35:18,359 Speaker 1: like attack your kid with the antibacterial spray on their 590 00:35:18,400 --> 00:35:21,719 Speaker 1: hands after they pet goat at the petting zoo. It's 591 00:35:21,760 --> 00:35:24,440 Speaker 1: actually what they're finding is that it's healthy for the 592 00:35:24,520 --> 00:35:29,279 Speaker 1: kid to pet the goat and then eat a sandwich afterward. Seriously, No, 593 00:35:29,440 --> 00:35:32,239 Speaker 1: I know, this is uh, it's all making sense now 594 00:35:32,280 --> 00:35:34,400 Speaker 1: because we have ten goats that live across the street. 595 00:35:35,920 --> 00:35:38,080 Speaker 1: Always had two dogs and two cats in the house, 596 00:35:38,160 --> 00:35:40,160 Speaker 1: except for the brief period where we didn't have the cats, 597 00:35:40,840 --> 00:35:44,880 Speaker 1: and we were very lazy parents and still don't bathe 598 00:35:45,040 --> 00:35:49,640 Speaker 1: our daughter with much regularity every every week or three. No, 599 00:35:50,360 --> 00:35:53,279 Speaker 1: but she uh, she's she's been like take her to 600 00:35:53,360 --> 00:35:57,280 Speaker 1: the doctor sick four times. Yeah. Well, and then hopefully 601 00:35:57,800 --> 00:35:59,880 Speaker 1: it will also mean that as she gets older, she 602 00:36:00,080 --> 00:36:02,160 Speaker 1: is going to be less far less likely to have 603 00:36:02,280 --> 00:36:06,640 Speaker 1: allergies because their immune system so trained. Like Dwayne Wade 604 00:36:06,719 --> 00:36:11,719 Speaker 1: and Gabrielle Union put together, that's a super couple. Yeah. Yeah, 605 00:36:12,239 --> 00:36:14,359 Speaker 1: you've seen their kids, theirs, the oldest son that's about 606 00:36:14,400 --> 00:36:18,000 Speaker 1: to start playing basketball, Brownie. They're transferring to the same 607 00:36:18,080 --> 00:36:20,680 Speaker 1: high school. So Lebron's son and Dwayne Waite cent are 608 00:36:20,680 --> 00:36:24,000 Speaker 1: gonna play basketball. And he looks just like Dwayne Wade, 609 00:36:24,040 --> 00:36:26,480 Speaker 1: does he really? Yeah, has her sleepy eyes. It's like, 610 00:36:26,600 --> 00:36:28,839 Speaker 1: no mistaking whose kid that is. That's very cool. It's 611 00:36:28,880 --> 00:36:32,160 Speaker 1: not the Milkman. No, it's Dwayne Waite unless the milkman 612 00:36:32,239 --> 00:36:34,480 Speaker 1: had sleepy eyes. Who was a basketball player? That was 613 00:36:34,560 --> 00:36:38,719 Speaker 1: the mailman Clive Drexler, Karl Malone. No, Karl Malone was 614 00:36:38,719 --> 00:36:42,879 Speaker 1: a mailman. Clyde Drexler was the glade. That's right. Yeah, 615 00:36:42,960 --> 00:36:46,080 Speaker 1: you're right. He also is on the just for main commercials. 616 00:36:46,120 --> 00:36:49,400 Speaker 1: Are you watching the finals? Oh yeah, pulling for Toronto 617 00:36:49,440 --> 00:36:52,759 Speaker 1: pretty hard? Who's not. Did you see that map of 618 00:36:52,920 --> 00:36:55,759 Speaker 1: the US and who's pulling for Golden State? And who's pulling? 619 00:36:56,000 --> 00:36:57,880 Speaker 1: Just like the Bay Area and nowhere else. It was 620 00:36:57,960 --> 00:37:00,400 Speaker 1: California and Hawaii and then the rest of the country 621 00:37:00,600 --> 00:37:04,560 Speaker 1: was pulling, pulling for another country. Yeah exactly. Wow, So 622 00:37:04,719 --> 00:37:07,320 Speaker 1: go raptors, That's what I say. If you want to 623 00:37:07,360 --> 00:37:09,719 Speaker 1: know more about the hygiene hypothesis, go back and listen 624 00:37:09,760 --> 00:37:12,120 Speaker 1: to this episode again, because there's real nuance there, and 625 00:37:12,200 --> 00:37:13,960 Speaker 1: I hope we got it all. Maybe we should re 626 00:37:14,080 --> 00:37:19,279 Speaker 1: record this again. Yeah, it's like now, okay, okay, anyway, Uh, 627 00:37:19,520 --> 00:37:22,040 Speaker 1: we'll see what version comes out. And in the meantime, 628 00:37:23,239 --> 00:37:33,080 Speaker 1: it's time for what Chuck Administrating Details. So if you 629 00:37:33,120 --> 00:37:34,920 Speaker 1: don't know what this segment is, if you're new to 630 00:37:34,960 --> 00:37:38,520 Speaker 1: the show, this is the time every few months, let's 631 00:37:38,520 --> 00:37:41,520 Speaker 1: say quarterly, where we give thanks, where we give thanks 632 00:37:42,400 --> 00:37:45,680 Speaker 1: uh to people who have sent as kind gifts over 633 00:37:45,719 --> 00:37:48,839 Speaker 1: the past few months. And for some reason we named 634 00:37:48,880 --> 00:37:52,120 Speaker 1: it administrative Details. I don't even remember any longer. But 635 00:37:52,280 --> 00:37:54,439 Speaker 1: that's that's a pretty good assessment of what we're doing 636 00:37:54,520 --> 00:37:56,520 Speaker 1: right now. Yes, it's a very cold name for a 637 00:37:56,640 --> 00:37:59,279 Speaker 1: very warm segment. So you want to start, Chuck, Sure, 638 00:37:59,400 --> 00:38:03,040 Speaker 1: I'll start it off with a gift of wine. Jeremy 639 00:38:03,120 --> 00:38:07,920 Speaker 1: Nelson sent us wine from Baron Moore. Very nice. Speaking 640 00:38:08,040 --> 00:38:11,720 Speaker 1: of wine, big ups to our buddy Addison Rex dude 641 00:38:12,160 --> 00:38:14,800 Speaker 1: for not just the wine. He once gave me homemade 642 00:38:14,880 --> 00:38:19,360 Speaker 1: olive oil too. Yes, so Addison and Cat live in 643 00:38:19,560 --> 00:38:24,160 Speaker 1: uh California, and Emily and I went and UH had 644 00:38:24,200 --> 00:38:28,440 Speaker 1: a very personal wine to her experience. He has you 645 00:38:28,520 --> 00:38:32,000 Speaker 1: a lot about your life, your fears. Yeah, and I 646 00:38:32,120 --> 00:38:35,000 Speaker 1: sent a lot about wine and how it's made. And 647 00:38:35,160 --> 00:38:37,160 Speaker 1: then not only that, but when we went to the 648 00:38:37,239 --> 00:38:39,840 Speaker 1: next wineries, they went with us and we end up 649 00:38:39,840 --> 00:38:42,080 Speaker 1: hanging out all day and they're just great. They're awesome, 650 00:38:42,160 --> 00:38:44,160 Speaker 1: and we have new pals and we're going to see 651 00:38:44,239 --> 00:38:46,640 Speaker 1: him again. And then he went, after a long day 652 00:38:47,000 --> 00:38:49,680 Speaker 1: of that, drove into town. Drove into town to see 653 00:38:49,719 --> 00:38:51,600 Speaker 1: you do End of the World Live, yep. And we 654 00:38:51,680 --> 00:38:53,320 Speaker 1: hung out for a little while after. Didn't go in 655 00:38:53,320 --> 00:38:56,040 Speaker 1: any winery or anything. But he's he is now a 656 00:38:56,120 --> 00:38:59,080 Speaker 1: friend too, And if you want to find out he's 657 00:38:59,120 --> 00:39:01,520 Speaker 1: got I did me cat, but I'm going to take 658 00:39:01,560 --> 00:39:04,080 Speaker 1: your word for it. But if you want to find 659 00:39:04,120 --> 00:39:07,160 Speaker 1: out about the wines we're talking about, his label is 660 00:39:07,320 --> 00:39:10,120 Speaker 1: Jurassic Wines because his name is Addison Rex, so he 661 00:39:10,160 --> 00:39:13,879 Speaker 1: sounds like a dinosaur, but Jurassic like the movie. Yes, 662 00:39:14,160 --> 00:39:18,680 Speaker 1: minus the park plus wine. That's right, Jurassic Wine. Thanks guys, yep, 663 00:39:18,840 --> 00:39:20,640 Speaker 1: you're the best. Can't wait to see you again. So 664 00:39:21,280 --> 00:39:24,799 Speaker 1: Julie Mullins from The Onion, remember back in the day 665 00:39:24,840 --> 00:39:27,000 Speaker 1: we had our o G Onion pals. We used to 666 00:39:27,080 --> 00:39:30,080 Speaker 1: be big time at The Onion did. They moved to 667 00:39:30,239 --> 00:39:33,560 Speaker 1: Chicago and we have new Onion pals now, Julie Mullins 668 00:39:33,680 --> 00:39:37,880 Speaker 1: and this the Onion Daily Counter Counter Daily Calendar and 669 00:39:38,040 --> 00:39:41,359 Speaker 1: she is an mg f X artist at the Onion. Yeah, 670 00:39:41,400 --> 00:39:44,600 Speaker 1: thanks a lot um. How about this? This one is 671 00:39:44,640 --> 00:39:47,319 Speaker 1: a long time coming. Do you remember our Phoenix show 672 00:39:47,440 --> 00:39:50,959 Speaker 1: like fifty years ago? I quite enjoyed that October maybe 673 00:39:51,000 --> 00:39:54,000 Speaker 1: one of the two. Yeah, well, at that show or 674 00:39:54,120 --> 00:39:57,160 Speaker 1: maybe the same as Salt Lake City show. I think 675 00:39:57,239 --> 00:40:00,359 Speaker 1: it was Sally one of those two shows. U our 676 00:40:00,440 --> 00:40:04,920 Speaker 1: friend Kathy Cathy with Kay Tosh gave us each alasso. 677 00:40:05,239 --> 00:40:07,719 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, that's right, like a real bona fide get 678 00:40:07,800 --> 00:40:11,279 Speaker 1: over here cow that was. I'm pretty sure I think 679 00:40:11,360 --> 00:40:14,800 Speaker 1: it was Salt Lake City. I can't remember for life me. Anyway, 680 00:40:14,880 --> 00:40:16,680 Speaker 1: Kathy right in and let us know how you're doing 681 00:40:16,840 --> 00:40:19,080 Speaker 1: and what show it was. But thank you for the last. 682 00:40:19,480 --> 00:40:21,920 Speaker 1: She also said, yeah, just go on to YouTube and 683 00:40:22,040 --> 00:40:23,640 Speaker 1: you can learn how to do it, which I have 684 00:40:23,760 --> 00:40:25,560 Speaker 1: yet to do. But I haven't either, but it's hanging 685 00:40:25,960 --> 00:40:28,239 Speaker 1: in my closet. It looks very cool there, doesn't It 686 00:40:28,360 --> 00:40:30,680 Speaker 1: does look very cool? Yeah? Thanks Kathy with the Kay 687 00:40:31,480 --> 00:40:34,600 Speaker 1: so our friend at Joe Barrett sent us his book 688 00:40:34,960 --> 00:40:37,600 Speaker 1: and it's called Managed Care. I have been able to 689 00:40:37,640 --> 00:40:38,880 Speaker 1: read it yet, but it's on the it's on the 690 00:40:38,960 --> 00:40:41,880 Speaker 1: stack on the desk, so check out he Managed Care 691 00:40:41,920 --> 00:40:44,560 Speaker 1: by Joe Barrett. Speaking of books, there's a guy named 692 00:40:44,600 --> 00:40:49,440 Speaker 1: Thomas ramj Ram g great last name, looks wise, but 693 00:40:49,480 --> 00:40:51,680 Speaker 1: I'm not quite sure how to pronounce it. He wrote 694 00:40:51,680 --> 00:40:54,120 Speaker 1: a book called Who's Afraid of a I, which I 695 00:40:54,160 --> 00:40:57,160 Speaker 1: cannot wait to read. Yes it is, and it's like 696 00:40:57,239 --> 00:40:59,359 Speaker 1: cooking it up and it just says Josh, it says 697 00:40:59,440 --> 00:41:02,600 Speaker 1: you in Yeah, it's got just a picture of a 698 00:41:02,719 --> 00:41:06,240 Speaker 1: robot holding my hand. Um, but thanks a lot Thomas 699 00:41:06,360 --> 00:41:09,600 Speaker 1: Ram's book, Who's Afraid of a I go check it out, 700 00:41:10,239 --> 00:41:13,280 Speaker 1: earl pal Dustin Bowens. And it's a three D printing 701 00:41:13,520 --> 00:41:17,160 Speaker 1: of our stuff you should know logo, which sits atop 702 00:41:17,239 --> 00:41:21,000 Speaker 1: my desk right now. Very awesome. Yeah, it's pretty cool. Huge, 703 00:41:21,120 --> 00:41:24,279 Speaker 1: huge thanks to our old pal Don Kubi for the 704 00:41:24,400 --> 00:41:31,160 Speaker 1: floral photography canvases and um yeah Kube's photography is just 705 00:41:31,360 --> 00:41:33,840 Speaker 1: out of this world. Yeah she's really talented. Yeah, like 706 00:41:33,960 --> 00:41:40,520 Speaker 1: almost nay, exactly as good as Aaron Cooper's photography and 707 00:41:40,880 --> 00:41:43,560 Speaker 1: um she sells her stuff on her site don kubi 708 00:41:43,840 --> 00:41:46,520 Speaker 1: k d A W N k U b I E 709 00:41:46,719 --> 00:41:49,440 Speaker 1: dot com. You know, before I did the We Know 710 00:41:49,600 --> 00:41:53,560 Speaker 1: His parenting live in Brooklyn recently and Emily and I 711 00:41:53,640 --> 00:41:55,120 Speaker 1: both went for a little quick in New York trip. 712 00:41:55,200 --> 00:41:58,640 Speaker 1: We went to the Brooklyn Botanical Gardens and the Freed 713 00:41:58,680 --> 00:42:01,239 Speaker 1: to Calo exhibit at the Museum m We're walking around 714 00:42:01,280 --> 00:42:04,319 Speaker 1: Batanica cill Gardens. Who wanders up but don Koby, Oh 715 00:42:04,480 --> 00:42:06,680 Speaker 1: really yep. She's like, Oh, I just happened to be falling. 716 00:42:06,760 --> 00:42:08,960 Speaker 1: I mean I just happened to be here as well. 717 00:42:09,400 --> 00:42:10,919 Speaker 1: Now we had a nice little chat. She was taking 718 00:42:10,960 --> 00:42:12,680 Speaker 1: photos and she came to the We Know show, That's 719 00:42:12,719 --> 00:42:14,680 Speaker 1: why she was there. She's great, She's very easy to 720 00:42:14,760 --> 00:42:19,440 Speaker 1: talk to. Serendipity. Who else Sheina and Ben send us 721 00:42:19,440 --> 00:42:23,120 Speaker 1: a wedding invitation their wedding in Burbank, And we've gotten 722 00:42:23,120 --> 00:42:26,040 Speaker 1: a few of these lately, along with invitations to officiate. 723 00:42:26,760 --> 00:42:30,280 Speaker 1: But they've all lined up against either live shows, butted 724 00:42:30,320 --> 00:42:33,160 Speaker 1: up against live shows or other travel plans, so I 725 00:42:33,200 --> 00:42:35,759 Speaker 1: have not been able to do that. No, Plus, we'd 726 00:42:35,800 --> 00:42:38,680 Speaker 1: have to get ordained. Are you ordained? No? Okay, but 727 00:42:39,200 --> 00:42:43,440 Speaker 1: I'll do that in five minutes. Week. Um Brad Topless 728 00:42:43,680 --> 00:42:46,640 Speaker 1: sent us a box of Runes r O n s 729 00:42:46,680 --> 00:42:50,960 Speaker 1: which is short for macarons, which his wife makes Runes 730 00:42:51,000 --> 00:42:54,120 Speaker 1: as his wife's company. And they're amazing. I can attest 731 00:42:54,560 --> 00:42:57,520 Speaker 1: and you can get them at eat Runes dot com. 732 00:42:57,800 --> 00:43:01,080 Speaker 1: E a t r o o n s com alright, 733 00:43:01,320 --> 00:43:04,840 Speaker 1: ar Old pal Steven Brightman send us poopy pockets for 734 00:43:04,920 --> 00:43:07,600 Speaker 1: our dogs. Uh this cool little invention. It's a two 735 00:43:07,640 --> 00:43:11,160 Speaker 1: in one poop bag dispenser and poop a pocket for 736 00:43:11,280 --> 00:43:14,839 Speaker 1: the poop and it's a veteran owned business. So big 737 00:43:14,920 --> 00:43:18,960 Speaker 1: thanks to Stephen Brightman for the poopy pockets. Nice going, Stephen. 738 00:43:19,560 --> 00:43:22,839 Speaker 1: Um Mark Kicks sent us you know those Simpson theme 739 00:43:22,960 --> 00:43:26,839 Speaker 1: journals and drawn Simpson's journals. Those are from Mark Kicks. 740 00:43:26,920 --> 00:43:28,920 Speaker 1: And thank you very much, Mark, because I think we 741 00:43:29,040 --> 00:43:31,479 Speaker 1: forgot to thank him last time and he he wrote 742 00:43:31,520 --> 00:43:35,960 Speaker 1: it was like dude, I was like, I'm sorry. Ar 743 00:43:35,960 --> 00:43:39,160 Speaker 1: Old pal Itan Newton from Baltimore, the Baltimore Spirits Company 744 00:43:39,760 --> 00:43:45,160 Speaker 1: send us their shot tower barrel gin and their bat lamarrow, 745 00:43:46,040 --> 00:43:53,000 Speaker 1: which is what does that explain with tomorrow? Ye oh man, 746 00:43:53,080 --> 00:43:55,960 Speaker 1: it's so good. Good, Yes, heat to it. Everything that 747 00:43:56,160 --> 00:43:59,239 Speaker 1: they make is really really good. Yeah, I can't remember 748 00:43:59,239 --> 00:44:01,000 Speaker 1: the name of it. He's all also send us like 749 00:44:01,239 --> 00:44:05,759 Speaker 1: mescal made from smoked apples. It's just the bomb. What 750 00:44:05,880 --> 00:44:08,000 Speaker 1: kind of black magic are they doing in Baltimore. They're 751 00:44:08,040 --> 00:44:09,920 Speaker 1: doing some good stuff up there, all right, support the 752 00:44:09,960 --> 00:44:12,760 Speaker 1: Baltimore Spirits Company and eating it and everyone. They're getting 753 00:44:12,760 --> 00:44:15,080 Speaker 1: creative with their spirits. So that's we're We're going to 754 00:44:15,200 --> 00:44:17,320 Speaker 1: leave it at that. We'll do the rest next episode 755 00:44:17,320 --> 00:44:19,120 Speaker 1: about that. It sounds great. Well, thanks a lot for 756 00:44:19,280 --> 00:44:21,200 Speaker 1: joining us. If you want to send us something, we're 757 00:44:21,200 --> 00:44:24,040 Speaker 1: always down with that, you can find us on social 758 00:44:24,160 --> 00:44:25,600 Speaker 1: Just go to stuff you Should Know dot com and 759 00:44:25,640 --> 00:44:27,920 Speaker 1: you'll find all of our links there, and you can 760 00:44:27,960 --> 00:44:31,000 Speaker 1: also send us an email to stuff podcast at I 761 00:44:31,239 --> 00:44:36,800 Speaker 1: heart radio dot com. Stuff you Should Know is a 762 00:44:36,840 --> 00:44:39,880 Speaker 1: production of iHeart Radios How Stuff Works. For more podcasts 763 00:44:39,920 --> 00:44:42,800 Speaker 1: for my heart Radio, visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, 764 00:44:42,920 --> 00:44:44,560 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.