Speaker 1: Welcome to Noble Blood, a production of iHeartRadio and Grimm
Speaker 1: and Mild from Aaron Mankie listener discretion advised. A lone
Speaker 1: messenger galloped through the gates of Paris, urging his horse
Speaker 1: forward at a swift pace. From a tower in the
Speaker 1: city's main palace, the queen eagerly watched the messenger's arrival.
Speaker 1: She took the messenger's urgency as a positive sign. After all,
Speaker 1: Queen Brunhild and her husband, King Sigbert, the First of Austrasia,
Speaker 1: were on the verge of a decisive victory that would
Speaker 1: unite two neighboring Frankish realms under their rule. So this
Speaker 1: sudden incoming news must mean that the opposition had surrendered.
Speaker 1: Maybe the enemy king had even been killed. Five hundred
Speaker 1: and seventy five would certainly be a year to remember
Speaker 1: for Brunhild, but not for the reasons she had hoped.
Speaker 1: The messenger confirmed that a king had been slain, but
Speaker 1: the victim was Brunehild's own husband. Despite having a vastly
Speaker 1: superior army and a robust kingsguard, Siegbert had apparently been assassinated.
Speaker 1: Brunehild must have been stunned, but she knew she couldn't
Speaker 1: afford to panic or fully mourn what had been, by
Speaker 1: royal standards, a respectful and productive marriage. Being all too
Speaker 1: familiar with Francia's fickle politics and the Merovingian dynasty's history
Speaker 1: of violent betrayal, she was well aware that she could
Speaker 1: easily meet a similarly dire fate, as could her three
Speaker 1: young children, if she didn't play her hand exactly right.
Speaker 1: In the following hours, as many of Brunhild's nobles defected
Speaker 1: and as she frantically strategized, she likely had little doubt
Speaker 1: about who would have had the cunning to have engineered
Speaker 1: such a shocking murder. This was not the first time
Speaker 1: Brunhild had felt the bitter sting of losing a family
Speaker 1: member to the machinations of her main rival, and between
Speaker 1: the swirling rumors and peculiar piece male details of King
Speaker 1: Siegbert's death, this crime had all the hallmarks of Queen Fredegund.
Speaker 1: Sure Enough, forty miles away, Fredegund was triumphantly emerging from
Speaker 1: her hideout after pulling off the Hail Mary of all
Speaker 1: hail Mary's. Like Brunhild, Fredegund was well versed in the bloody,
Speaker 1: rapidly shifting tides of her opposing kingdom's ongoing civil war.
Speaker 1: It must have been gratifying to accept her husband's odd
Speaker 1: gratitude for saving them from the jaws of defeat, but
Speaker 1: she knew time was of the essence. They had to
Speaker 1: press their advantage quickly, because as her rival was far
Speaker 1: too intelligent and resourceful to be underestimated. Calling on allies,
Speaker 1: making desperate deals, and hoarding treasure were all frequent components
Speaker 1: of Queen brune Hild's calculated tactics. Brunehild holed up in
Speaker 1: her Parisian palace as her enemies closed in, suddenly every
Speaker 1: bit as vulnerable as Fredigund had been mere days before.
Speaker 1: Looking down from her tower once again as a much
Speaker 1: larger force galloped through the city gates, Brunehild was surely alarmed,
Speaker 1: but she was staunch in her belief that she still
Speaker 1: had enough tricks up her silken sleeves to impact the
Speaker 1: future of Francia. Little did she know that her subsequent
Speaker 1: moves would further cement one of the greatest royal rivalries
Speaker 1: of all time. I'm Dana Schwartz, and this is noble
Speaker 1: blood it's tricky to pinpoint the precise birth of Queen
Speaker 1: burn Hilds and Queen Fredegen's rivalry. Part of their immense
Speaker 1: animosity was personally fostered and part was inherited, So it's
Speaker 1: helpful to first understand in broad terms, the geopolitical landscape
Speaker 1: in the lead up to their unprecedented ascensions. The old
Speaker 1: King of the Franks, Clotar the First, ruled an empire
Speaker 1: that encompassed present day France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, parts
Speaker 1: of Germany, and a good portion of Switzerland. When he
Speaker 1: died in five hundred and sixty one, his four sons
Speaker 1: divided those lands into four kingdoms. After one brother died,
Speaker 1: that left three to share custody of Paris, while each
Speaker 1: also ruled their respective realms. Siegbert ruled Austria, Chilperic ruled
Speaker 1: news Astrea, and Guntram ruled Burgundy. What a fair and
Speaker 1: harmonious decision. Right Naturally, this set up ushered in an
Speaker 1: era of extremely violent unrest due to the king's competitiveness,
Speaker 1: but arguably even more so because of their marital choices.
Speaker 1: It's important to note that, unlike queens of various other empires.
Speaker 1: Queens of the Merevingian dynasty were not crowned on their own,
Speaker 1: Their power almost entirely depended on marriage. Brunehild was a
Speaker 1: well educated daughter of a Visigoth king, and according to
Speaker 1: many contemporary descriptions of her at the time, she was
Speaker 1: quite beautiful and charming. The news that her father had
Speaker 1: strategically betrothed her to King Siegbert would have been daunting.
Speaker 1: It meant traveling over one thousand miles with a massive
Speaker 1: dowry from Spain to the foreign land of Austria Asia,
Speaker 1: all at the age of around eighteen, But despite being
Speaker 1: far from fluent in the native language and customs, Brunhild
Speaker 1: received quite the welcome there in the spring of five
Speaker 1: hundred sixty seven, especially because she came with a prestigious pedigree.
Speaker 1: This put her in stark contrast to the numerous women
Speaker 1: of lower socioeconomic status with whom Siegbert's brothers had had
Speaker 1: various trysts and eyebrow raising relationships. This wedding was extremely lavish,
Speaker 1: and Brunhild was reportedly embraced by the Austrasian court and public. Fredegund,
Speaker 1: on the other hand, had a highly contrasting trajectory. She
Speaker 1: came to Chilbrick's palace in Nutria as an enslaved girl.
Speaker 1: She was likely captured as a young child, but little
Speaker 1: is known about her origin, particularly since she seemingly wanted
Speaker 1: to keep her humble root hidden as she began to
Speaker 1: climb the ranks of power. The more favorable accounts of
Speaker 1: Fredegund describe her at the time as a savvy, young,
Speaker 1: strawberry blonde girl of pleasing generosity. She initially became a
Speaker 1: favorite mistress of the king, but becoming a queen would
Speaker 1: be a tall order. Fredigund purportedly first had to convince
Speaker 1: Chilbric to divorce his first wife and send her to
Speaker 1: a convent. Then Fredigund had to deal with Chilbric getting
Speaker 1: married again. Not wanting to.
Speaker 2: Be upstaged by his brother Siegbert and his big name,
Speaker 2: big title bride, Chilbric married Brunhild's sister in another exceedingly
Speaker 2: opulent wedding in five hundred and sixty eight, two brothers
Speaker 2: marrying two sisters too. Some of the citizens and nobles
Speaker 2: of Austrasia and Neustria. The notion of such closely knit
Speaker 2: royal families likely seemed like it would bring increased peace
Speaker 2: and prosperity, as legend has it, Fredigund had other ideas.
Speaker 2: She continued her close relationship with Chilbric, striving to finally
Speaker 2: sit on a throne herself. After Chilbric's second wife grew
Speaker 2: unhappy about his ongoing affair, he supposedly had her strangled
Speaker 2: in her bed. Many claimed that Fredigund had put him
Speaker 2: up to it, although again this could have been gossip
Speaker 2: and slanderous rumor. Whatever the case, Chilbric's first two wives
Speaker 2: were out of the picture. Apparently he didn't even bother
Speaker 2: to appear upset about it, as evidenced by the conspicuous
Speaker 2: absence of a duly sincere acknowledgment of the loss, let
Speaker 2: alone any sort of basic investigation into Brunhild's sister's death.
Speaker 2: Only three days later he married Fredigund. The celebration was
Speaker 2: far more rushed as would be expected given the lack
Speaker 2: of planning time and gigantic dead elephant in the room. Nevertheless,
Speaker 2: this meant that two incredibly formidable women, Fredagund and Brunehild,
Speaker 2: were sisters in law as well as respective queens of
Speaker 2: Neustria and Australia, and although one had allegedly had a
Speaker 2: hand in killing the other's sisters in the grand scheme
Speaker 2: of things, their rivalry was only just beginning. Brunhild was
Speaker 2: reportedly devastated by her sister's death. She had no other siblings,
Speaker 2: and only months before she had learned about her father's passing.
Speaker 2: While grieving her family's plight in her distant foreign palace,
Speaker 2: it's easy to imagine Brunhild also fearing a similar fate
Speaker 2: for herself. Frankish laws and customs were such that there
Speaker 2: seemed to be little hope of holding her ex brother
Speaker 2: in law or Fredigund specifically accountable for their murder. For all,
Speaker 2: Brunhild knew, one day, she too could be killed in
Speaker 2: her bed, and no one from Australia or beck Home
Speaker 2: would be willing or able to pursue significant retribution. But
Speaker 2: giving up was not in Brunhild's nature. She knew that
Speaker 2: even if her husband Siegbert was sympathetic to her sadness
Speaker 2: and outrage, and according to some accounts he was, he
Speaker 2: could not take decisive action without the support of a
Speaker 2: sizable portion of his court Brunhild was also painfully aware
Speaker 2: that for all those ambitious, self interested nobles, the idea
Speaker 2: of avenging a short lived foreign queen of a neighboring
Speaker 2: kingdom was simply not sufficient motivation in steadily making alliances
Speaker 2: and learning the desires of various factions. However, Brunhild discovered
Speaker 2: a broadly enticing carrot that she could dangle at the
Speaker 2: end of her justice seeking stick. Traditionally, Frankish brides at
Speaker 2: that time were given a quote mourning gift after consummating
Speaker 2: their marriage. To win the hand of such a high
Speaker 2: profile bride, as Brunhild, Sigbert had promised her an extravagant
Speaker 2: villa to secure a marriage with Brunhild's sister, Chilpric had
Speaker 2: upped the ante and offered her essentially the southern third
Speaker 2: of his lands. Here, Brunhild saw a legal opportunity. Technically,
Speaker 2: valuable holdings in Francia were supposed to pass to the
Speaker 2: deceased's family, and since her sister had no children and
Speaker 2: Brunhild herself had just given birth to a succession secure
Speaker 2: cacuring sun, Brunhild could make a pretty solid case that
Speaker 2: those gifted lands should pass to her. Many Austrasian nobles
Speaker 2: loved the prospect of increasing their kingdom's boundaries and overall wealth,
Speaker 2: and after a fair amount of official wrangling, Siegbert used
Speaker 2: that claim as grounds to invade. The larger Australian army
Speaker 2: soon overwhelmed their opposition and surged towards the Nustrian capital
Speaker 2: of Sissan. This forced Fredignd and her husband to flee,
Speaker 2: bringing as much of their treasury with them as they
Speaker 2: could mobilize. With victory imminent, Brunhild and Siegbert moved to Paris,
Speaker 2: their prospective new capital for there soon to be larger country. Meanwhile,
Speaker 2: Fredegund hid in a bunker about forty miles away. Defeat
Speaker 2: seemed inevitable as the Australian forces approached. She was probably
Speaker 2: still bleeding from what had been a traumatic birth of
Speaker 2: her second son, and her husband was off preparing for
Speaker 2: the likely end of his kingdom and his life. But
Speaker 2: just like Brunhild, Fredigund was not one to simply surrender.
Speaker 2: As a last gasp plan, she summoned two enslaved boys
Speaker 2: whose loyalty she trusted, possibly having first connected with them
Speaker 2: while serving the Royal family herself. She then gave them
Speaker 2: a nearly impossible suicide mission kill King Siegbert. According to
Speaker 2: a detailed account of the time, Fredigund knew there was
Speaker 2: no way to confront Siegbert outright, considering he was surrounded
Speaker 2: by thousands of soldiers, had numerous formidable guards, and was
Speaker 2: even an experienced fighter himself. The only real chance her
Speaker 2: young agents had was to exploit Siegbert's seeming hubrious by
Speaker 2: launching a sneak attack while he was celebrating his military victories.
Speaker 2: Infiltrating these celebrations was actually not overly difficult. According to
Speaker 2: some sources, the Austrasian invasion was so fast and convincing
Speaker 2: that many Neustrians were practically tripping over themselves to switch
Speaker 2: to their aggressor's side. The two boys were apparently able
Speaker 2: to pose as two such defectors. The trickiest part, then,
Speaker 2: was striking the final blow. Fredagund counted on the fact
Speaker 2: that most Frankish men carried utility knives known as scram saxes.
Speaker 2: The blades were so omnipresent that her chosen assassins would
Speaker 2: be able to openly carry them, even if they were
Speaker 2: able to reach the king, though they might only be
Speaker 2: able to get one or two jabs in, so those
Speaker 2: had to count. This is where fredagh Une's grim innovation shows,
Speaker 2: because she supposedly gave them an added secret weapon, fast
Speaker 2: acting poison. By that time, poison made from herbs or
Speaker 2: berries had been used in countless murders, but it typically
Speaker 2: had to be directly ingested. Fredegund was clever enough to
Speaker 2: know that. Similar to many paranoid Roman emperors, Siegbert was
Speaker 2: presumably careful to avoid such devious methods, and likely even
Speaker 2: employed official tasters to check his food and drink. Which
Speaker 2: he needed was a poison that could kill upon direct
Speaker 2: contact with a wound. The only two such substances known
Speaker 2: to have existed during this Frankish era were snake venom
Speaker 2: and wolf spain. Both required careful preparation and their potency
Speaker 2: rapidly decreased when exposed to the air, meaning that in
Speaker 2: order to be effective they had to be applied to
Speaker 2: a knife a relatively short time before use. If the
Speaker 2: tales are to be believed, Fredagund was knowledgeable enough in medicine, or,
Speaker 2: per some claims, in witchcraft and the Dark arts, to
Speaker 2: make or procure one of the two deadly toxins. She
Speaker 2: then gave it to the boys in a small vial
Speaker 2: and directed them to apply it to their knives only
Speaker 2: once they were within close enough range of Siegbert. Against
Speaker 2: all odds, Fredagun's loyal assassins followed her orders. They stalked
Speaker 2: their target, and they stabbed him with their poisoned daggers.
Speaker 2: The two boys were immediately caught and killed by guards,
Speaker 2: but soon the king was also dead. Fredagun's diabolical plan
Speaker 2: had tilted the entire fate of Francia. As soon as
Speaker 2: the news of Siegert's death reached Brunhilde in Paris, she
Speaker 2: would have known that she and her children were in
Speaker 2: grave danger. She had a few options, though given the
Speaker 2: Frank's line of succession and generally minimal respect for widowed queens,
Speaker 2: it would be foolhardy to try to claim the Australian
Speaker 2: throne outright. Her five year old son was the official heir,
Speaker 2: which normally would ensure her position to a degree, except
Speaker 2: they were isolated fairly far from home soil. Brunhild could
Speaker 2: attempt to flee with her son and two daughters, but
Speaker 2: traveling as a family for several days through what could
Speaker 2: become increasingly hostile territory would leave them extremely open to attack.
Speaker 2: Brunhilda's court was also rapidly shrinking, as most of her
Speaker 2: nobles and guards began escaping or defecting. If she were
Speaker 2: closer to her royal treasury, she would have been able
Speaker 2: to bribe many of them to stay, since Marevni and
Speaker 2: queens may have lacked power in other areas, but were
Speaker 2: often able to exercise control over their realm's tangible riches,
Speaker 2: alas handing out IOUs to flighty aristocrats and nervous soldiers
Speaker 2: was not going to fly during such a chaotic span. However,
Speaker 2: Brunhild was savvy enough to have brought along her own
Speaker 2: stash of gold. It was not a large enough fortune
Speaker 2: to pay a whole army, and would probably be stolen
Speaker 2: if transported, so rather than feutally trying to retain all
Speaker 2: of her allies, Brunhild set her sights on her key enemies.
Speaker 2: Between her personal wealth and remaining reputation, she figured she
Speaker 2: might have just enough leverage to draw Fredigound and Chilpric's
Speaker 2: full attention. She was essentially opting for a life last
Speaker 2: ditch move utilized by many a brave matriarch within the
Speaker 2: animal world, stay and distract her attackers for long enough
Speaker 2: that her children might reach safety. Brunhild's gambit paid off
Speaker 2: to an extent. She ensured that her son and daughters
Speaker 2: were safely snuck away by those few individuals still loyal
Speaker 2: to her. Then she waited several days for the Neustrian
Speaker 2: army to reach her. This gave Brunhild's son enough time
Speaker 2: to make it back to Metz, the Australian capital, where
Speaker 2: he was crowned king at the tender age of five.
Speaker 2: Her daughters briefly made it back over the border too,
Speaker 2: but they were eventually captured by Neustrian scouts and would
Speaker 2: later be leveraged by Chilbrick as hostages. As for Brunhild,
Speaker 2: she had to anxiously anticipate her enemy's arrival. Defenseless yet defiant.
Speaker 2: Who would find her her impulsive brother in law, more
Speaker 2: agents of her vindictive sister in law, and what would
Speaker 2: they want to do with her? Ultimately, it was Chilpric
Speaker 2: who purportedly found Brunhild waiting in her chambers. He could
Speaker 2: not have been thrilled that she had managed to sneak
Speaker 2: her children away, but seizing her hoarded treasure likely perked
Speaker 2: up his spirits somewhat, and, rather than immediately sentencing her
Speaker 2: to death, likely thanks at least in part to Brunhild's
Speaker 2: careful persuasion, he ordered that Brunhild live out the rest
Speaker 2: of her days in a convent. To many, this must
Speaker 2: have seemed like a natural and all too common end
Speaker 2: to a promising young queen's rule. But as history would
Speaker 2: soon show, neither convent nor conventional wisdom could permanently snuff
Speaker 2: out a royal rivalry as incandescent as Brunhild and Frediguns.
Speaker 2: It's difficult to definitively say whether Fredagund and Brunehilde ever
Speaker 2: met face to face in the direct aftermath of Siegbert's death,
Speaker 2: but there is a reasonable argument to be made that
Speaker 2: Fredagund meaningfully impacted her husband's pivotal decision to force her
Speaker 2: opposite number to become a nun. Even in a time
Speaker 2: when female agency was drastically limited, It's hard to think
Speaker 2: of many more effective cards to play in a power
Speaker 2: struggle than if it weren't for me, you'd be dead.
Speaker 2: Factoring in that Fredagun's poison tipped plan had also helped
Speaker 2: her and her husband upgrade from cowering in a bunker
Speaker 2: to once again luxuriating in palaces. Her new clout as
Speaker 2: queen was off the charts. On top of that, Fredagund
Speaker 2: had already had a demonstable degree of influence over her
Speaker 2: husband's actions prior to rejuvenating their country's war efforts, so
Speaker 2: was said that he became exceedingly deferential to her afterward,
Speaker 2: particularly when it came to handing out punishments. On a
Speaker 2: personal level, It's possible that Fredagund could have empathized with
Speaker 2: Brunhild's plight as a desperate mother of young children, but
Speaker 2: given the cruel nature with which Fredigund judged many other victims, though,
Speaker 2: the idea of executing Brunhild was presumably even more tempting
Speaker 2: because of that. However, by that point Fredagund would have
Speaker 2: been well aware of other pressing economic factors, and in
Speaker 2: potentially hashing those out with her husband, they ostensibly reached
Speaker 2: the conclusion that Brunhild was simply worth more alive. After all,
Speaker 2: the war had taken its toll on Fredagun and her
Speaker 2: husband's personal wealth, as well as their country's treasury, which
Speaker 2: again per precedent, was often overseen by the queen. Brunhild,
Speaker 2: on the other hand, had coughed up a small fortune
Speaker 2: when captured, and it was possible that the Neustrian rulers
Speaker 2: saw her as a cash cow whom they could somehow
Speaker 2: extort for more riches. Perhaps even more importantly, Fredegund would
Speaker 2: have known that, despite their latest upswing, her side was
Speaker 2: still in a delicate position in the larger war. They
Speaker 2: didn't have the resources or manpower to launch a full
Speaker 2: scale counter invasion of Austrasia, and also had other foes
Speaker 2: to consider. Brunhild had worked to form ties with the
Speaker 2: ambitious Byzantine court, and the Visigoths might soon pose a
Speaker 2: threat as well. The Neustrian monarchs had gotten off easy
Speaker 2: after the strangling of Brunhild's sister, partially because her Visigothic
Speaker 2: family had been struggling to sort out their own succession
Speaker 2: crisis after Brunhild's father's death, but the Spanish realm seemed
Speaker 2: to be gradually solidifying, so if Fredagund and Chilprick killed
Speaker 2: their last remaining princess, that might have meant eventually fighting
Speaker 2: on multiple fronts. The discovery that Brunhild had already managed
Speaker 2: to sneak her son off to Australia would have only
Speaker 2: increased the queen's value as an insurance play and make
Speaker 2: killing her even more risky. Fredagund, being both a mother
Speaker 2: and a budding military strategist by this point, could have
Speaker 2: easily envisioned how effective it would be to tell a
Speaker 2: resentful little king tread lightly if you ever want to
Speaker 2: see your mother again. So all in an all, Brunhild's
Speaker 2: nunnery banishment was logical enough, and there was plenty of
Speaker 2: precedent for dispatching widowed and or deposed queens in that way.
Speaker 2: That said, in handing out such a relatively common sentence,
Speaker 2: Fredegund and Chilpric should probably have been more careful when
Speaker 2: specifically choosing and monitoring Brunhild's new holy home. Brunhild was
Speaker 2: sent to a small convent in Ruam, a Neustrian stronghold,
Speaker 2: where life was by all accounts strict. None Recruits had
Speaker 2: to live by a harsh code, and they were almost
Speaker 2: entirely shut off from the outside world. But it was
Speaker 2: actually the world inside this particular convent that would be
Speaker 2: critically useful for the socially skilled Brunhild, because, according to
Speaker 2: some sources, one of the other top inmates there was
Speaker 2: none other than Chilbrick's first wife, and in her Brunehild
Speaker 2: found a similarly infuriated ally none life could not nullify
Speaker 2: these cloistered women's ambitions. If anything, it amplified them. Sure,
Speaker 2: Brunehild and her new guide were basically captives in this
Speaker 2: austere house of God. Yes, their odds of mounting a
Speaker 2: successful revenge mission against Fredagund must have seemed low, But
Speaker 2: ask any bedding enthusiast when does a single queen ever
Speaker 2: beat a pair. That's the first part of the unparalleled
Speaker 2: story of Brunhild and Fredagun's rivalry. But stick around after
Speaker 2: a brief sponsor break to get a fuller sense of
Speaker 2: what it was like to attend a franket wedding. Brune
Speaker 2: Hills and Fredigoon's marriages are intriguing for many reasons. They
Speaker 2: obviously afforded them both queens status and laid the foundation
Speaker 2: for contrasting yet unusually devoted royal relationships. Because the queen's
Speaker 2: respective nuptials also involved kings wanting to outdo or undermine
Speaker 2: their sibling rivals. These events also provide stellar windows into
Speaker 2: another component that practically everyone who's bent a wedding is
Speaker 2: curious about the food. According to biographer Shelley Puick in
Speaker 2: her book The Dark Queens, the Bloody Rivalry that forged
Speaker 2: the medieval world, quote, the tables were loaded down with food,
Speaker 2: we would have no trouble recognizing today loaves of white bread,
Speaker 2: beef slathered in brown gravy, carrots and turnips sprinkled with
Speaker 2: salt and pepper. The Frank's love of bacon was renowned too,
Speaker 2: as were their sweet tooths, so much so that the
Speaker 2: kings themselves owned many of the sugar refineries of the era,
Speaker 2: the bee hives. The honey was used to sweeten the
Speaker 2: cakes baked for special occasions. As rushed as Fredgon's and
Speaker 2: Chilprick's wedding was, cake was supposedly still served there and
Speaker 2: in some ways grounded. Details like that can add just
Speaker 2: as much insight into the lived experience of the day
Speaker 2: as devious betrayals and momentous battles. It's humanizing to imagine
Speaker 2: all those wedding guests clustering around the dessert table as
Speaker 2: they struggled to cope with the awkwardness stemming from the
Speaker 2: fact that the previous queen had been murdered seventy two
Speaker 2: hours prior. What better way to avoid saying the wrong
Speaker 2: thing and by nervously gobbling honeycake. All in all, these
Speaker 2: folks might as well have tried to enjoy every sweet
Speaker 2: respite they could get, because in Francia, the land of
Speaker 2: dueling Queens, there were plenty more murders, backstabbings, and even hasty,
Speaker 2: awkward weddings on the horizon. See You Again Part two
Speaker 2: next week. Noble Blood is a production of iHeartRadio and
Speaker 2: Grim and Mild from Aaron Mankey. Noble Blood is hosted
Speaker 2: by me Dana Schwartz, with additional writing and research by
Speaker 2: Hannah Johnston, Hannaswick, Courtney Sender, Amy Hit and Julia Milaney.
Speaker 2: The show is edited and produced by Jesse Funk, with
Speaker 2: supervising producerrima Ill Kali and executive producers Aaron Mankey, Trevor Young,
Speaker 2: and Matt Frett. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the
Speaker 2: iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your
Speaker 2: favorite shows.