1 00:00:03,120 --> 00:00:06,000 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind from how Stuff 2 00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:13,480 Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind. 3 00:00:13,480 --> 00:00:16,080 Speaker 1: My name is Robert lamp and I'm Julie Douglas. Julie, 4 00:00:16,079 --> 00:00:19,480 Speaker 1: what's your relationship with tattoos? Do you have tattoos? Is 5 00:00:19,480 --> 00:00:21,720 Speaker 1: anyone close to you have tattoo? Well, I don't have 6 00:00:21,760 --> 00:00:24,520 Speaker 1: a tattoo. I'm noncommittal by nature. And this is how 7 00:00:24,560 --> 00:00:27,800 Speaker 1: I found out is by pondering like, well, maybe I'll 8 00:00:27,800 --> 00:00:29,680 Speaker 1: get a tattoo. What tattoo would I get? And then 9 00:00:29,760 --> 00:00:35,040 Speaker 1: just be like, I can't commit. Um, my husband is tattooed, 10 00:00:35,800 --> 00:00:40,199 Speaker 1: and I like them. I parturefually, like chef tattoos that 11 00:00:40,320 --> 00:00:43,479 Speaker 1: exalt like their favorite kind of food or their favorite night. 12 00:00:43,840 --> 00:00:46,840 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, I like that. There's the guy on Mind 13 00:00:46,840 --> 00:00:49,600 Speaker 1: of a Chef the second season who has the one 14 00:00:49,680 --> 00:00:53,479 Speaker 1: arm is sleeved and different vegetables and ingredients. My apologies 15 00:00:53,479 --> 00:00:55,360 Speaker 1: for not remembering his name, but check out the second 16 00:00:55,360 --> 00:00:58,080 Speaker 1: season of Mind of a Chef too, good stuff. Yeah, 17 00:00:58,080 --> 00:01:01,480 Speaker 1: but that's can be really kind of fascinating. What about you, Well, 18 00:01:01,560 --> 00:01:06,119 Speaker 1: I do have one tattoo. And to your noncommittal thing 19 00:01:06,120 --> 00:01:08,200 Speaker 1: that you brought up, indeed with me. It was like 20 00:01:08,319 --> 00:01:11,880 Speaker 1: a long sort of deciding process because I always kind 21 00:01:11,920 --> 00:01:14,520 Speaker 1: of wanted one, but I wasn't impulsome enough to just 22 00:01:14,560 --> 00:01:17,760 Speaker 1: go out and get like some stupid tattoo in junior 23 00:01:17,840 --> 00:01:19,959 Speaker 1: higher high school. So I I spent a lot of 24 00:01:20,000 --> 00:01:22,240 Speaker 1: time thinking, all right, if I get the one tattoo, 25 00:01:22,640 --> 00:01:25,320 Speaker 1: get one one mark of my body that's gonna be permanent. 26 00:01:25,480 --> 00:01:27,080 Speaker 1: You know, what is it gonna be? Where am I 27 00:01:27,080 --> 00:01:28,560 Speaker 1: gonna put it? It It has to have some sort of 28 00:01:29,000 --> 00:01:31,160 Speaker 1: um you know, it needs to be a potent enough symbol. 29 00:01:31,319 --> 00:01:34,399 Speaker 1: It needs to uh to to to mean something to me. 30 00:01:34,480 --> 00:01:36,840 Speaker 1: Because if you get a whole bunch of them, if 31 00:01:36,840 --> 00:01:38,960 Speaker 1: you just get sleeves, and you can afford to have 32 00:01:39,040 --> 00:01:41,000 Speaker 1: some duds in the mix, right, and you can cover 33 00:01:41,040 --> 00:01:43,399 Speaker 1: them up later on. But if you're just gonna get 34 00:01:43,400 --> 00:01:45,160 Speaker 1: the one, you gotta really hit it out of the 35 00:01:45,160 --> 00:01:49,360 Speaker 1: park so that it's you know, you can argue that 36 00:01:49,360 --> 00:01:50,640 Speaker 1: maybe I didn't hit it out of the park with this, 37 00:01:52,720 --> 00:01:55,240 Speaker 1: so it's um. I had the design done by an 38 00:01:55,280 --> 00:01:58,200 Speaker 1: artist by the name of Michael Manning, and it's it's 39 00:01:58,240 --> 00:02:02,600 Speaker 1: on my my ribs and it's the Yeah, it was. 40 00:02:02,760 --> 00:02:05,520 Speaker 1: It was probably not a great place pain wise for 41 00:02:05,640 --> 00:02:08,720 Speaker 1: a first tattoo, but it's essentially the spear wound of Christ. 42 00:02:09,320 --> 00:02:12,600 Speaker 1: But it's also kind of like um a volva and 43 00:02:12,639 --> 00:02:15,079 Speaker 1: also kind of like an eye. So like, I had 44 00:02:15,080 --> 00:02:18,280 Speaker 1: those three requests because I'm always I've always been fascinated 45 00:02:18,360 --> 00:02:22,560 Speaker 1: with with some of the Stranger Christ imagery, particularly images 46 00:02:22,600 --> 00:02:24,920 Speaker 1: such as the you know, the with the finger is 47 00:02:24,960 --> 00:02:28,360 Speaker 1: going into the whole and the resurrected Christ's body, and 48 00:02:28,400 --> 00:02:31,040 Speaker 1: the idea that that the spear of wound and the 49 00:02:31,040 --> 00:02:34,440 Speaker 1: resurrected Christ is not only like yonic symbolism but is 50 00:02:34,440 --> 00:02:37,600 Speaker 1: all but it is ultimately about combining masculine and feminine 51 00:02:37,600 --> 00:02:41,400 Speaker 1: aspects of God into one body. So I was always 52 00:02:41,400 --> 00:02:42,960 Speaker 1: interested in all that stuff. So I thought, well, hell 53 00:02:43,000 --> 00:02:45,160 Speaker 1: I would just get a tattoo that kind of encompasses 54 00:02:45,200 --> 00:02:48,040 Speaker 1: some of those ideas. And uh is kind of a 55 00:02:48,320 --> 00:02:51,360 Speaker 1: you know, a shifting, amorphous symbol of something. Well, I 56 00:02:51,400 --> 00:02:53,080 Speaker 1: was just about to say, you really nailed it, but 57 00:02:53,160 --> 00:02:56,600 Speaker 1: that's not a choice of words. But really, seriously, I 58 00:02:56,639 --> 00:02:59,639 Speaker 1: mean that is a thoughtful tattoo. Well, thank you. Yeah, 59 00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:01,920 Speaker 1: And plus it's out of the way, so nobody sees 60 00:03:01,919 --> 00:03:04,880 Speaker 1: it unless I'm you know, swimming or something so works 61 00:03:04,880 --> 00:03:07,880 Speaker 1: on all accounts. Now, a two thousand and twelve Harris 62 00:03:07,919 --> 00:03:11,200 Speaker 1: poll found that twenty one percent of American adults have 63 00:03:11,440 --> 00:03:13,639 Speaker 1: a tattoo. That's one in five, which is a lot 64 00:03:13,720 --> 00:03:16,120 Speaker 1: higher than I thought it would be. Yeah, yeah, I mean, 65 00:03:16,160 --> 00:03:17,920 Speaker 1: I guess you know. Part of it is that you 66 00:03:17,919 --> 00:03:21,320 Speaker 1: don't necessarily have to see tattoos. I've I've I've seen it. 67 00:03:21,360 --> 00:03:24,640 Speaker 1: When I was researching this, I kept coming across I 68 00:03:24,639 --> 00:03:26,639 Speaker 1: don't know something in the keywords I was throwing in. 69 00:03:26,800 --> 00:03:29,800 Speaker 1: I kept finding an article about Dolly Parton being secretly 70 00:03:29,800 --> 00:03:32,519 Speaker 1: covered with tattoos. I think she's a butterfly or something 71 00:03:32,840 --> 00:03:36,640 Speaker 1: emerging from her boosom. But I mean, I've never seen it. 72 00:03:36,840 --> 00:03:41,880 Speaker 1: So so so everybody could essentially have butterfly tattoos on 73 00:03:41,920 --> 00:03:43,680 Speaker 1: their stern ums, have been Lessia at the beach with them. 74 00:03:43,680 --> 00:03:45,320 Speaker 1: You're just not gonna know. Oh you're gonna call it 75 00:03:45,360 --> 00:03:51,520 Speaker 1: this sternum the sternum. Yeah, I alright. Um. You probably 76 00:03:51,640 --> 00:03:54,960 Speaker 1: are familiar with all sorts of sites that celebrate the good, 77 00:03:55,080 --> 00:03:58,760 Speaker 1: the bad, the terrible of tattoos, because one of the 78 00:03:59,280 --> 00:04:02,560 Speaker 1: intriguing things about tattoos is that they can be permanent. 79 00:04:02,600 --> 00:04:06,320 Speaker 1: Although we have technology now to get rid of them. 80 00:04:06,440 --> 00:04:09,440 Speaker 1: But essentially what you're doing is you're trying to immortalize 81 00:04:09,440 --> 00:04:13,080 Speaker 1: some sort of idea. So when you see some bad 82 00:04:13,160 --> 00:04:18,200 Speaker 1: grammar in a tattoo, then it's especially mortifying, right, Yeah, 83 00:04:18,320 --> 00:04:23,039 Speaker 1: bad grammar, just weird, perplexing imagery. Particularly one that I 84 00:04:23,160 --> 00:04:25,040 Speaker 1: was come back to was the one of the dolphin 85 00:04:25,680 --> 00:04:28,640 Speaker 1: setting on like a lazy boy recliner smoking a ball. 86 00:04:29,120 --> 00:04:32,600 Speaker 1: That's one of my favorites. Um, and really that's that's 87 00:04:32,640 --> 00:04:34,800 Speaker 1: That's not even like one of the worst tattoos. It's 88 00:04:34,800 --> 00:04:38,360 Speaker 1: not like it's not really offensive to anybody. Uh, it's 89 00:04:38,400 --> 00:04:41,800 Speaker 1: just strange that someone was like that, that's going on 90 00:04:41,880 --> 00:04:43,200 Speaker 1: me and I'm going to take it with me to 91 00:04:43,279 --> 00:04:47,480 Speaker 1: the grave. It's gonna last longer than my life. That tattoo. Now, 92 00:04:47,480 --> 00:04:50,240 Speaker 1: there's one I saw that was super earnest and kind 93 00:04:50,240 --> 00:04:52,520 Speaker 1: of sad only because of the way it turned out. 94 00:04:52,640 --> 00:04:55,320 Speaker 1: But um, it was a bat tattoo that said only 95 00:04:55,800 --> 00:04:58,680 Speaker 1: God can judge me. The problem with it is that 96 00:04:58,760 --> 00:05:02,120 Speaker 1: it had super fancy scroll so that j look like 97 00:05:02,160 --> 00:05:06,839 Speaker 1: an f and so it turned out essentially looking like 98 00:05:06,960 --> 00:05:11,760 Speaker 1: only God can fudge me, fudge me. Okay, all right, Uh, 99 00:05:11,800 --> 00:05:15,520 Speaker 1: it's yeah. I mean that's the power of tattoos though, 100 00:05:15,560 --> 00:05:19,480 Speaker 1: is that it's it's the the the permanence or the 101 00:05:19,480 --> 00:05:22,200 Speaker 1: the ideal permanence of the thing. It's what may can 102 00:05:22,240 --> 00:05:26,039 Speaker 1: make a tattoo uh inspiring and empowering. It's what it 103 00:05:26,040 --> 00:05:29,880 Speaker 1: can make a tattoo uh dehumanizing and uh. And we've 104 00:05:29,920 --> 00:05:34,159 Speaker 1: seen examples of both ends of the spectrum throughout human history. 105 00:05:34,200 --> 00:05:36,120 Speaker 1: I mean, you go back in time, you look at 106 00:05:36,120 --> 00:05:39,599 Speaker 1: some of our earliest examples. We found, Um, we found 107 00:05:39,600 --> 00:05:42,600 Speaker 1: them etched in the flesh of the five thousand, two 108 00:05:42,720 --> 00:05:46,400 Speaker 1: hundred year old Ootsi the Iceman. This was the Iceman 109 00:05:46,440 --> 00:05:48,360 Speaker 1: that we found on the Italian Austrian border back in 110 00:05:48,480 --> 00:05:54,039 Speaker 1: nine And we also find very early examples of tattoos 111 00:05:54,240 --> 00:05:58,560 Speaker 1: among the Egyptians, the only the females. This is a 112 00:05:58,560 --> 00:06:01,320 Speaker 1: really interesting They this to date them back to around 113 00:06:01,720 --> 00:06:04,120 Speaker 1: two thousand year two. This would date them back to 114 00:06:04,160 --> 00:06:07,039 Speaker 1: around two thousand b c. E UM. And these were 115 00:06:07,400 --> 00:06:11,680 Speaker 1: these women were probably they think royal Cortisan's dancers, ETCETERA. 116 00:06:11,920 --> 00:06:16,680 Speaker 1: Archaeologist Johan Fletcher theorizes that these tattoos had a therapeutic 117 00:06:16,880 --> 00:06:20,719 Speaker 1: role and functioned as a permanent form of amulet during 118 00:06:20,760 --> 00:06:23,440 Speaker 1: the very different difficult time of pregnancy and birth, and 119 00:06:23,480 --> 00:06:26,760 Speaker 1: these would have been placed on the abdomen um around 120 00:06:26,800 --> 00:06:29,640 Speaker 1: the breasts and uh. And so in this we see 121 00:06:29,800 --> 00:06:33,680 Speaker 1: the idea of the the tattoo is is is a 122 00:06:33,720 --> 00:06:37,239 Speaker 1: is almost a magical spell as a protective uh feature. 123 00:06:37,360 --> 00:06:39,680 Speaker 1: And and really you see that again through throughout human 124 00:06:39,720 --> 00:06:41,440 Speaker 1: history even today, A lot of times we get those 125 00:06:41,480 --> 00:06:46,120 Speaker 1: those tattoos on us um to immortalize some some spirit 126 00:06:46,200 --> 00:06:49,839 Speaker 1: that we aspire to, or some person that means a 127 00:06:49,839 --> 00:06:55,400 Speaker 1: lot to us, some deity, some supernatural force, whatever, some 128 00:06:55,440 --> 00:06:58,000 Speaker 1: sort of symbolics, some symbolism that we wish to take 129 00:06:58,040 --> 00:07:01,279 Speaker 1: into our flesh. One of the more interesting ones to 130 00:07:01,320 --> 00:07:07,039 Speaker 1: me that I ran across was from a archaeological dig. Uh. 131 00:07:07,279 --> 00:07:11,960 Speaker 1: These archaeologists were working in an icy plateau in eastern Russia, 132 00:07:12,280 --> 00:07:15,360 Speaker 1: and they stumbled upon a burial chamber of a mummy 133 00:07:15,440 --> 00:07:20,000 Speaker 1: who became known as the Siberian Ice Princess, and her 134 00:07:21,320 --> 00:07:24,680 Speaker 1: year old body was incredibly well preserved in the permit frost, 135 00:07:24,760 --> 00:07:29,040 Speaker 1: and it had elaborate tattoos on both of her arms. Now, 136 00:07:29,080 --> 00:07:31,080 Speaker 1: her head was shaved, and she wore a wig and 137 00:07:31,120 --> 00:07:34,720 Speaker 1: a tall wooden head dress decorated with cats and swans, 138 00:07:35,000 --> 00:07:36,760 Speaker 1: and they think she goes a princess or someone who 139 00:07:36,800 --> 00:07:40,480 Speaker 1: of elevated status, because not only that she was surrounded 140 00:07:40,520 --> 00:07:44,200 Speaker 1: by six horses that were saddled and bridled they were 141 00:07:44,240 --> 00:07:47,320 Speaker 1: supposed to be They think her spiritual escorts into the 142 00:07:47,400 --> 00:07:51,400 Speaker 1: other world. And she also had a little um container 143 00:07:51,480 --> 00:07:54,600 Speaker 1: of cannabis, which they then found out maybe had something 144 00:07:54,600 --> 00:07:58,040 Speaker 1: to do with alleviating her pain, because she did have 145 00:07:58,280 --> 00:08:01,160 Speaker 1: some cancer growth in her body and she had some 146 00:08:01,200 --> 00:08:04,400 Speaker 1: form of osteoporosis too. So, um, what I thought it 147 00:08:04,520 --> 00:08:07,480 Speaker 1: was interesting in terms of the tattoos is that the 148 00:08:08,240 --> 00:08:12,320 Speaker 1: person who lead this Natalia, Paulice Max, says that compared 149 00:08:12,360 --> 00:08:15,320 Speaker 1: to all tattoos found by archaeologists around the world, those 150 00:08:15,360 --> 00:08:18,120 Speaker 1: on the mummies of the Pazarik people whom she was 151 00:08:18,160 --> 00:08:21,280 Speaker 1: a part of, are the most complicated and the most beautiful. 152 00:08:22,040 --> 00:08:25,920 Speaker 1: And so what's interesting about this tattoo is that they're 153 00:08:25,960 --> 00:08:29,080 Speaker 1: they're the sort of language that they deal in is 154 00:08:29,280 --> 00:08:32,400 Speaker 1: of animal imagery, and so they had a kind of 155 00:08:32,480 --> 00:08:37,600 Speaker 1: animal based language, which is really cool. And Paul's Max 156 00:08:37,640 --> 00:08:40,120 Speaker 1: says that these tattoos were used as a means of 157 00:08:40,200 --> 00:08:43,720 Speaker 1: personal identification, So think of your own passport. This idea 158 00:08:43,840 --> 00:08:46,800 Speaker 1: is that this would tell the story of who you were, 159 00:08:47,240 --> 00:08:51,960 Speaker 1: so that in the afterlife you could meet up with others. Interesting, 160 00:08:51,960 --> 00:08:55,720 Speaker 1: there's a reminds me of an old Eastern saying that 161 00:08:55,760 --> 00:08:57,480 Speaker 1: I ran across that said that if if you do 162 00:08:57,559 --> 00:09:00,680 Speaker 1: not have a tattoo, did it's almost like you don't exist, 163 00:09:00,960 --> 00:09:04,480 Speaker 1: Like you're you're basically invisible of the tat. By tattooing 164 00:09:04,559 --> 00:09:08,600 Speaker 1: something into your body, um, like you're making yourself more real. 165 00:09:09,320 --> 00:09:12,600 Speaker 1: I'm thinking about that all right. Now. You mentioned that 166 00:09:12,679 --> 00:09:15,120 Speaker 1: the sort of medicinal aspects of that tattoo, I should 167 00:09:15,120 --> 00:09:18,360 Speaker 1: go back and mentioned that on our our friend Ootsi 168 00:09:18,520 --> 00:09:22,520 Speaker 1: the iceman uh Ootsies tattoos consisted of dots and small 169 00:09:22,559 --> 00:09:25,679 Speaker 1: crosses on his lower spine and right knee and ankle joints, 170 00:09:25,880 --> 00:09:30,240 Speaker 1: and those correspond to areas of scrain induced degeneration uh 171 00:09:30,280 --> 00:09:32,040 Speaker 1: with the suggestion here being that they may have been 172 00:09:32,040 --> 00:09:37,080 Speaker 1: applied to alleviate joint pain, and therefore we're essentially therapeutic essentially, 173 00:09:37,760 --> 00:09:40,120 Speaker 1: and again you're getting also probably into a certain amount 174 00:09:40,200 --> 00:09:44,280 Speaker 1: of magical thinking as well and ritual but but ultimately 175 00:09:44,360 --> 00:09:49,120 Speaker 1: an early form of of a medicinal tattoo. Now you 176 00:09:49,120 --> 00:09:53,400 Speaker 1: had mentioned Egyptian women and um tattoos that would help 177 00:09:53,559 --> 00:09:56,640 Speaker 1: as sort of talisman's And there's one example that the 178 00:09:56,640 --> 00:10:00,319 Speaker 1: British Museum looked at. They had scan and ripped the 179 00:10:00,360 --> 00:10:03,920 Speaker 1: mummy of an Egyptian woman dating back to seven hundred CE. 180 00:10:04,160 --> 00:10:07,480 Speaker 1: They found a tattoo on her thigh and as just 181 00:10:08,040 --> 00:10:11,520 Speaker 1: deciphered by the curators, the tattoo, written in Ancient Greek, 182 00:10:12,040 --> 00:10:15,840 Speaker 1: is transliterated as m I x A h A or Michael. 183 00:10:15,960 --> 00:10:18,760 Speaker 1: So the idea here's that its thought that the the 184 00:10:18,920 --> 00:10:22,600 Speaker 1: name was referring to the archangel Michael, and because it 185 00:10:22,679 --> 00:10:24,760 Speaker 1: was placed on our inner thigh, that it might have 186 00:10:24,960 --> 00:10:29,120 Speaker 1: been a protection not just for the birth of a child, 187 00:10:29,160 --> 00:10:36,400 Speaker 1: but maybe even against a sexual violent act. Interesting. Here's 188 00:10:36,400 --> 00:10:39,200 Speaker 1: another interesting religious tattoo. And I do want to point 189 00:10:39,200 --> 00:10:41,599 Speaker 1: out that we're not going to attempt to chronicle every 190 00:10:41,920 --> 00:10:44,959 Speaker 1: fascinating tattoo tradition that's been passed down through human history, 191 00:10:45,040 --> 00:10:47,120 Speaker 1: because there are many whole books have been written about this. 192 00:10:47,760 --> 00:10:50,360 Speaker 1: But we're just hitting some high points here. For us 193 00:10:50,720 --> 00:10:53,080 Speaker 1: Um during the Crusades in the eleven and twelfth century, 194 00:10:53,440 --> 00:10:56,600 Speaker 1: Um Christian warriors identified themselves with the mark of the 195 00:10:56,679 --> 00:10:59,440 Speaker 1: Jerusalem Cross, so they could be given a proper Christian 196 00:10:59,440 --> 00:11:01,959 Speaker 1: burial of died in battle. And that that one is 197 00:11:02,000 --> 00:11:04,360 Speaker 1: kind of interesting because on one hand it's a religious tattoo, 198 00:11:04,440 --> 00:11:07,480 Speaker 1: but it's also it also is sort of like some 199 00:11:07,559 --> 00:11:12,160 Speaker 1: of the modern models of medical tattoos that will touch on. Basically, 200 00:11:12,200 --> 00:11:14,720 Speaker 1: it's saying who and what you were for anyone that 201 00:11:14,760 --> 00:11:17,640 Speaker 1: would come across your body. All right, we're gonna take 202 00:11:17,679 --> 00:11:19,480 Speaker 1: a quick break and we get back. We're gonna talk 203 00:11:19,640 --> 00:11:28,320 Speaker 1: prison tats. All right, we're back now. Earlier and we 204 00:11:28,400 --> 00:11:32,920 Speaker 1: mentioned the the power of tattoos. The permanence of tattoos has, 205 00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:36,000 Speaker 1: of course the positive and empowering side, but also a 206 00:11:36,080 --> 00:11:39,640 Speaker 1: negative into humanizing side. You do see a long tradition 207 00:11:39,679 --> 00:11:43,920 Speaker 1: of penal tattoos uh throughout human history, particularly uh. You 208 00:11:43,960 --> 00:11:46,240 Speaker 1: see it in Chinese, see it in Japan, you see 209 00:11:46,240 --> 00:11:49,200 Speaker 1: it in the Hellenistic period. And this is the idea 210 00:11:49,280 --> 00:11:52,520 Speaker 1: that you have, You have your your criminals, and you 211 00:11:52,559 --> 00:11:54,319 Speaker 1: want to mark your criminals. So what do you do. 212 00:11:54,400 --> 00:11:57,400 Speaker 1: You tattoo them and you let everyone know then from 213 00:11:57,480 --> 00:12:00,199 Speaker 1: you know, ideally for the rest of their lives. We're 214 00:12:00,200 --> 00:12:03,840 Speaker 1: dealing with someone who committed this act. So that's taking 215 00:12:03,840 --> 00:12:05,880 Speaker 1: the permanence of that tattoo and using it in a 216 00:12:06,000 --> 00:12:09,640 Speaker 1: very very negative manner. Yeah, but now you know, fast 217 00:12:09,679 --> 00:12:12,640 Speaker 1: forward to today and you see prison tattoos more of 218 00:12:13,400 --> 00:12:16,800 Speaker 1: aspect of prison culture. And to be clear, according to 219 00:12:16,880 --> 00:12:20,120 Speaker 1: the Federal Bureau of Prisons, having a tattoo kit is 220 00:12:20,160 --> 00:12:23,440 Speaker 1: considered contraband for a number of reasons the US as 221 00:12:23,480 --> 00:12:26,480 Speaker 1: a weapon, it could spread infectious disease. And yet, as 222 00:12:26,520 --> 00:12:30,440 Speaker 1: we know, contraband gets through the gates, and in fact, 223 00:12:30,520 --> 00:12:34,280 Speaker 1: there's an entire prison economy based on contraband. Yeah, I 224 00:12:34,320 --> 00:12:37,000 Speaker 1: think we went into some of this in our did 225 00:12:37,040 --> 00:12:39,800 Speaker 1: we go into this in our our our episodes about digestion? 226 00:12:40,120 --> 00:12:42,600 Speaker 1: Because I know Mary Roach went into the prison wallet 227 00:12:42,640 --> 00:12:45,720 Speaker 1: a lot in her book Prison Wallet. That's right. I 228 00:12:45,800 --> 00:12:51,120 Speaker 1: cannot imagine smuggling a tattoo machine into my prison wallet 229 00:12:51,760 --> 00:12:53,880 Speaker 1: based on some of the other things that get smuggled in. 230 00:12:54,400 --> 00:12:59,040 Speaker 1: The tattoo gun is probably not the worst. But but indeed, 231 00:12:59,040 --> 00:13:01,160 Speaker 1: I mean, you could you look at a prison environment 232 00:13:01,160 --> 00:13:03,800 Speaker 1: and you have so many there's it's it's almost a 233 00:13:03,840 --> 00:13:06,439 Speaker 1: perfect model for why a lot of people get tattoos. 234 00:13:06,480 --> 00:13:08,920 Speaker 1: Because you're cut off from people you love, so you 235 00:13:08,960 --> 00:13:11,640 Speaker 1: might get a tattoo uh of some reminds you of 236 00:13:11,679 --> 00:13:15,080 Speaker 1: somebody outside. You also have to in many cases bond 237 00:13:15,240 --> 00:13:18,240 Speaker 1: with a different cultural group you're you know, you have 238 00:13:18,360 --> 00:13:22,719 Speaker 1: prison gangs, for lack of another word, prison cultures, and 239 00:13:22,800 --> 00:13:24,360 Speaker 1: that you want to show that you are a part 240 00:13:24,360 --> 00:13:27,240 Speaker 1: of that culture. You make that that culture a part 241 00:13:27,240 --> 00:13:29,839 Speaker 1: of your flesh. Also, it's a it's a place where 242 00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:32,800 Speaker 1: some inmates find religion, and you want to show that 243 00:13:33,120 --> 00:13:35,800 Speaker 1: that this deity or this uh, this model of faith 244 00:13:35,840 --> 00:13:37,480 Speaker 1: means a lot to you, so you put it into 245 00:13:37,520 --> 00:13:42,240 Speaker 1: your skin. Retired law enforcement official in prison culture expert 246 00:13:42,480 --> 00:13:45,600 Speaker 1: Richard Lichton says, quote, I've talked to many inmates, and 247 00:13:45,600 --> 00:13:47,840 Speaker 1: tattoos are always about what's important to them. It can 248 00:13:47,840 --> 00:13:50,720 Speaker 1: be something personal likes about this name or a Bible quote, 249 00:13:50,800 --> 00:13:53,720 Speaker 1: or to belong to a group, to intimidate others, or 250 00:13:53,720 --> 00:13:56,160 Speaker 1: to tell a story. So I think that's really important 251 00:13:56,160 --> 00:13:59,280 Speaker 1: to uh. And we'll talk a little bit more about this. 252 00:13:59,480 --> 00:14:02,040 Speaker 1: But you know, if you're in prison and you, as 253 00:14:02,080 --> 00:14:03,880 Speaker 1: you say, you want to bond with a certain group 254 00:14:03,960 --> 00:14:05,840 Speaker 1: or identify with the group, the easiest way to do 255 00:14:05,960 --> 00:14:09,640 Speaker 1: that is to have a permanent tattoo inked on you. Yeah. 256 00:14:09,679 --> 00:14:11,760 Speaker 1: I mean it kind of comes back to the basic 257 00:14:11,920 --> 00:14:15,280 Speaker 1: idea that as humans, we we all look kind of 258 00:14:15,280 --> 00:14:18,840 Speaker 1: the same on the outside. You know, there's not there's 259 00:14:18,840 --> 00:14:20,800 Speaker 1: nothing on the outside that necessarily gives a lot of 260 00:14:20,840 --> 00:14:23,120 Speaker 1: depth about character. And the tattoo is an ability to 261 00:14:23,200 --> 00:14:25,360 Speaker 1: take our inner world and make it a part of 262 00:14:25,360 --> 00:14:29,600 Speaker 1: our outer world. Well. And in terms of prison culture too, 263 00:14:29,640 --> 00:14:32,360 Speaker 1: it's a bit of survival, right, especially if you're trying 264 00:14:32,400 --> 00:14:34,760 Speaker 1: to join a group or you know, get protection from 265 00:14:34,760 --> 00:14:40,080 Speaker 1: that group. So, um, let's get to the tear drop tattoo. 266 00:14:40,520 --> 00:14:42,240 Speaker 1: Shall we kind of get that out of the way, 267 00:14:42,280 --> 00:14:45,640 Speaker 1: because there's always that always comes up, and I feel 268 00:14:45,640 --> 00:14:49,240 Speaker 1: like there's no definitive answer for this. This is the 269 00:14:49,280 --> 00:14:51,960 Speaker 1: idea that you have a tear drop tattoo you've killed 270 00:14:52,000 --> 00:14:56,640 Speaker 1: somebody in prison. Yes, okay, that's usually there. I should 271 00:14:56,680 --> 00:15:00,680 Speaker 1: say that most people associate it with, you know, the 272 00:15:00,720 --> 00:15:03,760 Speaker 1: fact that the wearer has killed someone, but it can 273 00:15:03,800 --> 00:15:07,160 Speaker 1: also mean that the wearer has served a long prison 274 00:15:07,200 --> 00:15:11,000 Speaker 1: sentence or is mourning the loss of a family member, 275 00:15:11,640 --> 00:15:14,280 Speaker 1: And a clear tear drop can mean that the wearer 276 00:15:14,280 --> 00:15:18,360 Speaker 1: has committed an attempted murder or alternatively that a close 277 00:15:18,360 --> 00:15:22,160 Speaker 1: friend was killed and the wearer is seeking revenge. You know, 278 00:15:22,720 --> 00:15:24,840 Speaker 1: we haven't even touched on this, but just as a 279 00:15:24,880 --> 00:15:27,360 Speaker 1: call back to our episode The Zen of Pain and 280 00:15:27,720 --> 00:15:29,720 Speaker 1: to a listener mail that we received and I believe 281 00:15:29,720 --> 00:15:33,960 Speaker 1: red in our recent episode, getting a tattoo stings a bit. 282 00:15:34,600 --> 00:15:37,960 Speaker 1: And Uh, it's depending on on your means of of 283 00:15:38,360 --> 00:15:42,480 Speaker 1: of actually uh, putting the tattoo in your flesh. Um 284 00:15:42,560 --> 00:15:46,680 Speaker 1: it it becomes a ritual, it becomes an experience of pain, 285 00:15:46,720 --> 00:15:48,880 Speaker 1: a rich wolf pain, and so you have that whole 286 00:15:49,000 --> 00:15:52,120 Speaker 1: dynamic going on as well as you say, get in 287 00:15:52,160 --> 00:15:55,840 Speaker 1: the name of a departed loved one put into your flesh. Yeah. 288 00:15:55,920 --> 00:15:58,160 Speaker 1: And I think that the reason why that tear drop 289 00:15:58,240 --> 00:16:00,640 Speaker 1: one is appoignant or so trouble link to so many 290 00:16:00,680 --> 00:16:05,560 Speaker 1: people because it's such a mark on that person and 291 00:16:05,800 --> 00:16:10,160 Speaker 1: in such an outward expression of the angst or sadness 292 00:16:10,240 --> 00:16:13,480 Speaker 1: that that consumes them. Presumably. Yeah, because when you get 293 00:16:13,480 --> 00:16:15,960 Speaker 1: a facial tattoo, you're changing the way that you communicate 294 00:16:16,000 --> 00:16:18,240 Speaker 1: with the world. Um. I think we've discussed before on 295 00:16:18,360 --> 00:16:22,360 Speaker 1: here that, uh, when a when a hominid species such 296 00:16:22,400 --> 00:16:25,040 Speaker 1: as humans have faces that kind of all look alike. 297 00:16:25,080 --> 00:16:29,080 Speaker 1: It's because the more the more like we are, the 298 00:16:29,120 --> 00:16:31,920 Speaker 1: more nuance comes out in our expressions, the more that 299 00:16:32,080 --> 00:16:35,120 Speaker 1: we're better able to communicate with one another because we 300 00:16:35,200 --> 00:16:40,680 Speaker 1: have kind of a similar facial recognition cognition system in place. Yeah, 301 00:16:41,120 --> 00:16:43,680 Speaker 1: so so, yeah, the idea of facial tattoo is often 302 00:16:43,760 --> 00:16:47,560 Speaker 1: kind of kind of frightening, kind of intimidating. Um. And 303 00:16:47,560 --> 00:16:49,680 Speaker 1: of course you see a great tradition of a facial 304 00:16:49,720 --> 00:16:53,520 Speaker 1: tattooing with the Maori people, really beautiful facial tattoos, but 305 00:16:53,640 --> 00:16:56,240 Speaker 1: in particularly with the men, it's it's often you know, 306 00:16:56,240 --> 00:17:00,760 Speaker 1: it's about uh, putting on this this impressive usual display, 307 00:17:01,040 --> 00:17:04,280 Speaker 1: this aggressive display intimidation. Right, So it's sort of a 308 00:17:04,359 --> 00:17:07,320 Speaker 1: kind of embodied cognition, which we've talked about before with 309 00:17:07,359 --> 00:17:10,640 Speaker 1: the old lab coats, that people dawn sometimes and they 310 00:17:10,640 --> 00:17:14,560 Speaker 1: feel more important or more proficient. In the same way, 311 00:17:14,600 --> 00:17:17,159 Speaker 1: if you're altering your face to look more intimidating or 312 00:17:17,200 --> 00:17:21,240 Speaker 1: to express express your grief, then you are embodying that 313 00:17:21,240 --> 00:17:24,159 Speaker 1: that is changing the person that you are expressing to 314 00:17:24,200 --> 00:17:28,360 Speaker 1: the world. Now, speaking of gangs and cultural tattoos and 315 00:17:28,359 --> 00:17:31,800 Speaker 1: and about the hour display, sometimes it's about the hidden 316 00:17:31,840 --> 00:17:34,360 Speaker 1: display as well, because I think one of the most 317 00:17:34,359 --> 00:17:39,520 Speaker 1: remarkable examples of like a gang cultural tattoo is of course, 318 00:17:39,560 --> 00:17:44,000 Speaker 1: the the the body tattoos of the yakuza, the Japanese 319 00:17:44,000 --> 00:17:48,200 Speaker 1: gangster class. We have these elaborate designs that they generally 320 00:17:48,200 --> 00:17:51,879 Speaker 1: have themes of of unresolved conflict and also symbols of 321 00:17:51,880 --> 00:17:56,200 Speaker 1: of character traits that the the wear wants to aspire to. 322 00:17:56,400 --> 00:17:59,960 Speaker 1: For instance, the carp often shows up as a representation 323 00:18:00,040 --> 00:18:03,800 Speaker 1: and of strength and perseverance. Yeah, and then there's also 324 00:18:04,040 --> 00:18:07,359 Speaker 1: you know, sort of the the language behind them, So 325 00:18:07,400 --> 00:18:09,720 Speaker 1: it's not just the bonding, but it's also sort of 326 00:18:09,760 --> 00:18:13,000 Speaker 1: again embodied cognition in a way of saying, this is 327 00:18:13,040 --> 00:18:15,000 Speaker 1: the life that I have chosen for myself. When it 328 00:18:15,040 --> 00:18:19,680 Speaker 1: comes to gang tattooing, the Canada Border Services Agency document 329 00:18:19,760 --> 00:18:23,160 Speaker 1: Tattoos and their Meetings says that the three dot tattoo, 330 00:18:23,320 --> 00:18:29,960 Speaker 1: usually in a triangle configuration, it signifies prison, hospital, cemetery, 331 00:18:30,240 --> 00:18:32,919 Speaker 1: and that represents the path and the ultimate end of 332 00:18:32,960 --> 00:18:36,240 Speaker 1: a gang lifestyle. So it's the kind of commitment to 333 00:18:36,320 --> 00:18:39,240 Speaker 1: that lifestyle to to have that tattoo and say that 334 00:18:39,280 --> 00:18:44,240 Speaker 1: I accept of these maybe the terms of of uh, 335 00:18:44,480 --> 00:18:48,680 Speaker 1: my employment or the culture that I'm entering into now. 336 00:18:48,760 --> 00:18:52,239 Speaker 1: We mentioned medical tattoos a little bit earlier, and of 337 00:18:52,240 --> 00:18:55,400 Speaker 1: course we we still see the use of tattoos in medicine, 338 00:18:55,440 --> 00:18:59,159 Speaker 1: though not as a mystical curative factor, but you do 339 00:18:59,200 --> 00:19:02,160 Speaker 1: see them. For instance, is to indicate a medically relevant 340 00:19:02,200 --> 00:19:04,520 Speaker 1: condition on a body of your location, kind of like 341 00:19:04,600 --> 00:19:08,600 Speaker 1: those Crusader tattoos we mentioned earlier. Essentially would would let 342 00:19:08,600 --> 00:19:12,200 Speaker 1: someone know this person has this condition, please treat them accordingly. 343 00:19:12,840 --> 00:19:15,720 Speaker 1: You have in some cases, US soldiers have a tattoo 344 00:19:15,800 --> 00:19:18,960 Speaker 1: version of their dog tags that are sometimes called meat tags, 345 00:19:19,440 --> 00:19:21,800 Speaker 1: and this is essentially the same thing as the crusader 346 00:19:21,840 --> 00:19:25,640 Speaker 1: tattoo that says this dead body was so and so 347 00:19:25,760 --> 00:19:28,119 Speaker 1: and this is where they were formed, that is their unit, etcetera. 348 00:19:28,600 --> 00:19:32,840 Speaker 1: But then you also see um medical tattoos uh used 349 00:19:32,840 --> 00:19:37,480 Speaker 1: in radiotherapy. You're using a radiation to to treat a 350 00:19:37,640 --> 00:19:39,639 Speaker 1: very particular part of the body. You want to hit 351 00:19:39,680 --> 00:19:42,240 Speaker 1: the same part, the same area each and every time. 352 00:19:42,560 --> 00:19:45,959 Speaker 1: You need a permanent marker of where to to apply 353 00:19:46,280 --> 00:19:50,240 Speaker 1: that radiation. Yeah, and usually it's just for like freckle 354 00:19:50,359 --> 00:19:53,320 Speaker 1: sized dots, and you know, in sort of a square 355 00:19:53,320 --> 00:19:56,800 Speaker 1: configuration that's mapping out that patch of tissue that needs 356 00:19:56,800 --> 00:19:59,679 Speaker 1: to get hit over and over and over again. And 357 00:19:59,720 --> 00:20:02,359 Speaker 1: the more accurate you can make that and the faster 358 00:20:02,520 --> 00:20:05,639 Speaker 1: the process, especially for people who are going through say 359 00:20:05,720 --> 00:20:08,560 Speaker 1: six weeks or more radiation treatments, this can be really 360 00:20:08,560 --> 00:20:12,840 Speaker 1: really helpful. Indeed, also you'll see medical tattoos sometimes used 361 00:20:13,200 --> 00:20:18,640 Speaker 1: for aerola replacement or parvy a replacement at following them assectomy. 362 00:20:18,680 --> 00:20:20,600 Speaker 1: So again this dude, those are just some some quick 363 00:20:20,640 --> 00:20:25,840 Speaker 1: points on the long, rich timeline of human tattooing. All Right, 364 00:20:25,840 --> 00:20:27,439 Speaker 1: we're gonna take a quick break. When we get back, 365 00:20:27,480 --> 00:20:36,520 Speaker 1: we're going to talk about the actual mechanics of tattooing. Hey, 366 00:20:36,680 --> 00:20:40,080 Speaker 1: we're back. So we've talked about the history of tattooing, 367 00:20:40,400 --> 00:20:42,240 Speaker 1: culture of tattooing, and it brings us up to the 368 00:20:42,240 --> 00:20:45,280 Speaker 1: modern day. Yeah, and before we really talk about the 369 00:20:45,320 --> 00:20:48,440 Speaker 1: more of the modern aspects of tattooing, including the invention 370 00:20:48,480 --> 00:20:52,000 Speaker 1: of the tattoo machine, we should say that, um, the 371 00:20:52,240 --> 00:20:56,080 Speaker 1: reason why tattooing became so popular, or one of the 372 00:20:56,160 --> 00:21:01,159 Speaker 1: reasons is people like Joseph Banks, who was naturalist aboard 373 00:21:01,160 --> 00:21:05,680 Speaker 1: the British ship Endeavor and According to a Smithsonian article 374 00:21:05,720 --> 00:21:09,119 Speaker 1: by Abigail West, he was one of the first to 375 00:21:09,240 --> 00:21:16,160 Speaker 1: record encounters with the Polynesian practice of tattooings or tattoo um. 376 00:21:16,200 --> 00:21:19,479 Speaker 1: And again we're talking about seventeen sixty nine when Banks 377 00:21:19,520 --> 00:21:23,440 Speaker 1: was watching a twelve year old girl being extensively adorned, 378 00:21:24,119 --> 00:21:26,840 Speaker 1: and then he wrote about it, and it really captured 379 00:21:26,880 --> 00:21:29,200 Speaker 1: the imaginations of a lot of people, and they then 380 00:21:29,320 --> 00:21:33,720 Speaker 1: wanted to also participate with tattoos, and indeed we have 381 00:21:33,800 --> 00:21:37,639 Speaker 1: a rich tradition of sailor tattoos um. I think probably 382 00:21:37,640 --> 00:21:40,880 Speaker 1: some of my first encounters with tattoos were individuals saying 383 00:21:41,040 --> 00:21:45,040 Speaker 1: a church environment who were veterans and had been sailors 384 00:21:45,119 --> 00:21:48,919 Speaker 1: or otherwise engaged in the Second World War, and they 385 00:21:48,960 --> 00:21:51,320 Speaker 1: would have these sort of faded miss shape and tattoos 386 00:21:51,320 --> 00:21:54,520 Speaker 1: that may have once been mermaids or or or just 387 00:21:54,600 --> 00:21:57,520 Speaker 1: naked ladies or whatever, but had slowly turned into more 388 00:21:57,520 --> 00:22:01,120 Speaker 1: sort of green blurs on their arms. And you can 389 00:22:01,160 --> 00:22:04,480 Speaker 1: see the appeal because you know, here you have back 390 00:22:04,520 --> 00:22:07,320 Speaker 1: in the day someone looking at these tribes, and you 391 00:22:07,359 --> 00:22:11,280 Speaker 1: can see how sailors who consider themselves a community and 392 00:22:11,320 --> 00:22:14,359 Speaker 1: to themselves like a tribe might want to use as 393 00:22:14,440 --> 00:22:17,880 Speaker 1: bonding as well, or to tell stories about their travels. Yeah, 394 00:22:18,000 --> 00:22:21,720 Speaker 1: and and they're of course engaging and often risky employment 395 00:22:21,720 --> 00:22:24,320 Speaker 1: out there on the on the high seat. So you 396 00:22:24,359 --> 00:22:26,600 Speaker 1: have every reason to want to make something a little 397 00:22:26,640 --> 00:22:29,440 Speaker 1: permanent in your flesh when you're dealing with all of 398 00:22:29,480 --> 00:22:33,000 Speaker 1: this uncertainty. So you won't be surprised to know that 399 00:22:33,080 --> 00:22:37,560 Speaker 1: it became so popular that in December eighth eight someone 400 00:22:37,600 --> 00:22:40,560 Speaker 1: by the name of Samuel F. O'Reilly received a patent 401 00:22:40,680 --> 00:22:45,920 Speaker 1: for the first tattoo machine, a two coil electromagnetic tattoo needle. 402 00:22:46,480 --> 00:22:50,639 Speaker 1: His invention was actually a modification of Thomas Edison's eighteen 403 00:22:50,880 --> 00:22:56,240 Speaker 1: seventy six electric pen patent, and O'Reilly saw how Edison's 404 00:22:56,280 --> 00:22:59,360 Speaker 1: methods of ink transfer using a stencil and ink pen 405 00:22:59,440 --> 00:23:03,199 Speaker 1: could be adapted for use in tattooing. And so what 406 00:23:03,280 --> 00:23:07,800 Speaker 1: you have is this machine that just gets improved over 407 00:23:07,840 --> 00:23:10,560 Speaker 1: and over again to the point where they get lighter, 408 00:23:11,080 --> 00:23:14,120 Speaker 1: easier to handle, safer, and less painful, and you get 409 00:23:14,119 --> 00:23:16,919 Speaker 1: better inks. Yeah. I'm glad you mentioned the ink, because 410 00:23:17,400 --> 00:23:20,560 Speaker 1: because the ink has has has varied a lot, it's 411 00:23:20,600 --> 00:23:22,919 Speaker 1: pretty uh, it's pretty stable. These days, it tends to 412 00:23:22,920 --> 00:23:25,520 Speaker 1: be more of like a vegetable based pigment. But in 413 00:23:25,560 --> 00:23:27,560 Speaker 1: the past you've seen him seen it made from anything 414 00:23:27,600 --> 00:23:32,080 Speaker 1: from from soot to metal salts um. But again, nowadays, 415 00:23:32,080 --> 00:23:34,440 Speaker 1: you go into a tattoo parlor, if you're getting a 416 00:23:34,560 --> 00:23:36,480 Speaker 1: you know, an on the level tattoo, it's probably gonna 417 00:23:36,480 --> 00:23:41,600 Speaker 1: be something more vegetable based, unless it's something super cutting edge, 418 00:23:41,600 --> 00:23:43,679 Speaker 1: which we'll talk about in the next episode where we're 419 00:23:43,680 --> 00:23:45,840 Speaker 1: talking about the future of tattoos. Don't want to give 420 00:23:45,840 --> 00:23:49,040 Speaker 1: that away, but the tattoo gun, Yeah that the technology 421 00:23:49,119 --> 00:23:51,560 Speaker 1: basically hasn't changed all that much. It's it's got there's 422 00:23:51,680 --> 00:23:54,399 Speaker 1: been a refining process over the years where it gets 423 00:23:54,480 --> 00:23:56,720 Speaker 1: gets better and better because you can still build a 424 00:23:56,800 --> 00:24:00,200 Speaker 1: very crude tattoo gun and uh and do the work 425 00:24:00,240 --> 00:24:03,160 Speaker 1: yourself or have your cellmate do it, which we don't recommend, 426 00:24:03,280 --> 00:24:06,080 Speaker 1: do not recommend even getting into a situation where you 427 00:24:06,119 --> 00:24:08,160 Speaker 1: have a cellmate in the first place. Yeah, it's worth 428 00:24:08,160 --> 00:24:11,200 Speaker 1: pointing out. I believe the FDA does not technically approve 429 00:24:11,280 --> 00:24:13,760 Speaker 1: of tattooing or even Hannah tattoos by the way, they say, 430 00:24:13,800 --> 00:24:16,199 Speaker 1: hinna really, because I was I was looking at one 431 00:24:16,240 --> 00:24:19,680 Speaker 1: of the um the more cutting edge techniques it will 432 00:24:19,680 --> 00:24:22,480 Speaker 1: discuss later. I saw a note that it was not 433 00:24:22,560 --> 00:24:25,240 Speaker 1: approved by the FDA, so I kind of looked into 434 00:24:25,280 --> 00:24:27,320 Speaker 1: a little bit as well, what does the FDA approve of? 435 00:24:27,440 --> 00:24:30,800 Speaker 1: And uh uh, it seemed to indicate that the FDA 436 00:24:30,960 --> 00:24:34,239 Speaker 1: is really does not approve any of the tattooing. So 437 00:24:34,440 --> 00:24:36,760 Speaker 1: there you go. Huh, they're kind of old school like that. Yeah, 438 00:24:36,760 --> 00:24:38,640 Speaker 1: I mean, you are talking about putting ink into your skin, 439 00:24:38,760 --> 00:24:41,000 Speaker 1: so you can't really expect the FDA to be two 440 00:24:41,080 --> 00:24:43,720 Speaker 1: behind that. Yeah, let's talk about that. This machine is 441 00:24:43,800 --> 00:24:47,080 Speaker 1: moving a solid needle up and down to puncture the 442 00:24:47,119 --> 00:24:51,240 Speaker 1: skin between fifty and three thousand times per minute. The 443 00:24:51,280 --> 00:24:54,760 Speaker 1: needle penetrates the skin by about a millimeter in deposits 444 00:24:54,800 --> 00:24:59,880 Speaker 1: a drop of insoluble ink into the skin with each puncture. 445 00:25:00,760 --> 00:25:03,680 Speaker 1: And now, when those tattoo needles are punching the skin, 446 00:25:03,800 --> 00:25:06,360 Speaker 1: they're going through the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin, 447 00:25:06,400 --> 00:25:08,480 Speaker 1: and then they drive into the dermis, which is the 448 00:25:08,560 --> 00:25:11,760 Speaker 1: second layer of the skin. And that layer is modeled 449 00:25:11,880 --> 00:25:16,760 Speaker 1: with nerves and blood vessels. And if the tattoo artist 450 00:25:16,920 --> 00:25:23,359 Speaker 1: is shading the design, then they're using this um shader needle, 451 00:25:23,440 --> 00:25:25,800 Speaker 1: which is comprised of several needles in a single bar. 452 00:25:26,040 --> 00:25:29,000 Speaker 1: Otherwise they're just using one single line needle. So again, 453 00:25:29,040 --> 00:25:31,600 Speaker 1: epidermis is the outer layer. Dermos is the second layer. 454 00:25:31,680 --> 00:25:34,600 Speaker 1: So when you're looking at a tattoo, you're looking through 455 00:25:34,680 --> 00:25:38,680 Speaker 1: the epidermis into the dermis. That's where the actual ink 456 00:25:38,920 --> 00:25:42,280 Speaker 1: is contained. And that's really important because that has a 457 00:25:42,359 --> 00:25:44,800 Speaker 1: lot to do with why they don't fade in the 458 00:25:44,840 --> 00:25:48,280 Speaker 1: first place. Yeah, because you know, obviously there can be 459 00:25:48,560 --> 00:25:50,359 Speaker 1: It depends on where you get the tattoo, depends on 460 00:25:50,400 --> 00:25:52,800 Speaker 1: the wear and tear, depends on a number of factors. 461 00:25:53,000 --> 00:25:57,400 Speaker 1: Tattoos do fade over time. If you were some sort 462 00:25:57,440 --> 00:25:59,920 Speaker 1: of you know, I would love to see this attack 463 00:26:00,200 --> 00:26:02,679 Speaker 1: in some sort of fiction where there's an immortal character, 464 00:26:02,800 --> 00:26:04,399 Speaker 1: be it you know, kind of like a highlander or 465 00:26:04,440 --> 00:26:07,120 Speaker 1: a vampire situation. What happens when they get that tattoo 466 00:26:07,440 --> 00:26:10,800 Speaker 1: and they actually live five hundred, six hundred years. How 467 00:26:10,840 --> 00:26:14,360 Speaker 1: awful would that tattoo look over the course of centuries? Yeah, 468 00:26:14,440 --> 00:26:16,040 Speaker 1: sort of, I love mom. It would just be like 469 00:26:16,640 --> 00:26:21,159 Speaker 1: our mom um. Yeah, because if it were just up 470 00:26:21,160 --> 00:26:23,920 Speaker 1: to the epidermis, that first layer, they would slaw off. 471 00:26:24,119 --> 00:26:27,840 Speaker 1: Now consider that we shed fortyo skin cells an hour. 472 00:26:27,960 --> 00:26:30,679 Speaker 1: That's about a million a day. Yeah. In fact, that 473 00:26:30,720 --> 00:26:33,159 Speaker 1: the body replaces itself with a largely new set of 474 00:26:33,200 --> 00:26:36,359 Speaker 1: cells every seven years to ten years. Uh, and some 475 00:26:36,440 --> 00:26:39,640 Speaker 1: of our most important parts are revamped even more rapidly. 476 00:26:40,080 --> 00:26:43,440 Speaker 1: So we have red blood cells live for about four months. Uh. 477 00:26:43,480 --> 00:26:46,160 Speaker 1: Those poor cells that line your your acid filled stomach, 478 00:26:46,400 --> 00:26:49,399 Speaker 1: they're lucky the last like five days. Meanwhile, cells in 479 00:26:49,400 --> 00:26:53,560 Speaker 1: the sculptal system are consistently regenerating, but a full turnover 480 00:26:53,640 --> 00:26:57,959 Speaker 1: takes a full decade. So you know, we're constantly rebuilding 481 00:26:57,960 --> 00:27:00,320 Speaker 1: our bodies as we as we go through live we're 482 00:27:00,320 --> 00:27:04,000 Speaker 1: consuming food and we're consuming nutrients, and we're building everything 483 00:27:04,040 --> 00:27:10,200 Speaker 1: back up again. And yet the tattoo remains mostly stationary, 484 00:27:10,400 --> 00:27:12,960 Speaker 1: right because it's part and personally because it's sort of 485 00:27:12,960 --> 00:27:16,440 Speaker 1: trapped in the dermist, that second layer, but also because 486 00:27:16,640 --> 00:27:19,040 Speaker 1: of your immune system. And what I mean by that 487 00:27:19,119 --> 00:27:22,359 Speaker 1: is that every puncture signals to the body to begin 488 00:27:22,440 --> 00:27:25,760 Speaker 1: the inflammatory process. So you have immune cells racing to 489 00:27:25,840 --> 00:27:30,240 Speaker 1: those puncture sites, and then you have special cells called macrophages, 490 00:27:30,840 --> 00:27:33,919 Speaker 1: and they begin kind of while saying quotes, eating the 491 00:27:34,000 --> 00:27:37,640 Speaker 1: dye in an attempt to clean up the inflammation that's 492 00:27:37,680 --> 00:27:40,480 Speaker 1: causing and then the rest of the dye gets soaked 493 00:27:40,560 --> 00:27:44,320 Speaker 1: up by skin cells called fibroblasts. In the fiber blasts 494 00:27:44,359 --> 00:27:46,720 Speaker 1: along with a lot of those macrophages, they kind of 495 00:27:47,200 --> 00:27:51,560 Speaker 1: they suspended in the dermists in perpetuity. And so that's 496 00:27:51,560 --> 00:27:54,600 Speaker 1: what you have showing through the skin. And of course 497 00:27:54,600 --> 00:27:58,200 Speaker 1: the dermist is is more stationary than the epidermis. The 498 00:27:58,200 --> 00:28:01,800 Speaker 1: epidermis is constantly slapping off, but but the dermist is 499 00:28:01,920 --> 00:28:04,040 Speaker 1: uh is a little more set in stone, if you will. 500 00:28:04,560 --> 00:28:06,880 Speaker 1: And I really think what's interesting about this is it's 501 00:28:06,880 --> 00:28:09,680 Speaker 1: a story about the immune system helping this process to 502 00:28:09,800 --> 00:28:12,720 Speaker 1: keep the ink in place in your body. Yeah, and 503 00:28:12,720 --> 00:28:15,240 Speaker 1: then ultimately you have that you have inc that's just 504 00:28:15,320 --> 00:28:18,160 Speaker 1: not it's not small enough to be a factor for say, 505 00:28:18,200 --> 00:28:20,800 Speaker 1: white blood cell. So you know, their University of Pittsburgh 506 00:28:20,840 --> 00:28:26,000 Speaker 1: Medical Center dermatologist James B. Bridenstein pointed out in Scientific 507 00:28:26,040 --> 00:28:28,480 Speaker 1: American article the tattoos remain in the skin because the 508 00:28:28,520 --> 00:28:31,320 Speaker 1: ink particles are too large to be ingested by the 509 00:28:31,359 --> 00:28:35,040 Speaker 1: white blood cells that patrol the body in caraway foreign bodies. 510 00:28:35,520 --> 00:28:37,840 Speaker 1: So you know, it's it's kind of like you know, 511 00:28:37,960 --> 00:28:40,800 Speaker 1: police officers walking in front of some graffiti art on 512 00:28:40,840 --> 00:28:43,800 Speaker 1: a wall. It's not their jurisdiction to to deal with 513 00:28:43,840 --> 00:28:45,400 Speaker 1: it's removal. They're not going to remove, and the white 514 00:28:45,400 --> 00:28:47,200 Speaker 1: blood cells are saying, hey, it's not my problem. This 515 00:28:47,280 --> 00:28:49,640 Speaker 1: thing is too big to be an issue to me anyway, right, 516 00:28:49,680 --> 00:28:52,240 Speaker 1: And that's why I think it's interested with macrofacies are trying, 517 00:28:52,440 --> 00:28:54,440 Speaker 1: and some of them are successful in carrying away the 518 00:28:54,520 --> 00:28:57,160 Speaker 1: die particles. Well, others they just kind of sit there 519 00:28:57,160 --> 00:29:00,920 Speaker 1: with it and their their bellies really, yeah, suspended forever 520 00:29:01,360 --> 00:29:03,920 Speaker 1: in the dermis. Alright, So this of course brings up 521 00:29:03,920 --> 00:29:06,520 Speaker 1: the question, how do we remove tattoos? How do you 522 00:29:06,560 --> 00:29:09,720 Speaker 1: get rid of this this this awful tattoo that you 523 00:29:09,720 --> 00:29:12,920 Speaker 1: say got on spring break back in n Or or 524 00:29:12,960 --> 00:29:16,880 Speaker 1: a lover's name that no longer seems uh, seems appliable, 525 00:29:16,960 --> 00:29:19,080 Speaker 1: like one that comes to my mind as a as 526 00:29:19,120 --> 00:29:21,960 Speaker 1: a wrestling fan. There's of course the wrestler uh that 527 00:29:22,080 --> 00:29:24,600 Speaker 1: goes by the name the Undertaker, And for a while 528 00:29:24,720 --> 00:29:27,040 Speaker 1: he had like one of his past wives, her name 529 00:29:27,120 --> 00:29:30,000 Speaker 1: was Sarah, and he got her name tattooed on his throat, 530 00:29:30,520 --> 00:29:33,120 Speaker 1: so it was very, very prominent when you would see 531 00:29:33,200 --> 00:29:36,479 Speaker 1: him perform that that Sarah meant a lot to him 532 00:29:36,520 --> 00:29:39,240 Speaker 1: because her name was on his throat, and then eventually 533 00:29:39,280 --> 00:29:41,560 Speaker 1: the name was gone and uh, and he was no 534 00:29:41,560 --> 00:29:44,480 Speaker 1: longer married to her. So you you might wonder, how 535 00:29:44,520 --> 00:29:46,600 Speaker 1: do you get rid of Sarah? How do you rid 536 00:29:46,640 --> 00:29:49,440 Speaker 1: her name from your throat flesh? I wanted to mention 537 00:29:49,520 --> 00:29:52,840 Speaker 1: that tattoo regret is actually fairly common. According to the 538 00:29:52,840 --> 00:29:56,680 Speaker 1: American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, the number of people 539 00:29:56,760 --> 00:30:01,120 Speaker 1: undergoing laser tattoo removal increased or be three percent from 540 00:30:01,160 --> 00:30:03,560 Speaker 1: two thousand and eleven to two thousand and twelve. I 541 00:30:03,560 --> 00:30:05,920 Speaker 1: don't know, just like a bad year for for tattooing. 542 00:30:06,400 --> 00:30:09,160 Speaker 1: And there's a two thousand and twelve British Association of 543 00:30:09,280 --> 00:30:12,560 Speaker 1: Dermatologist survey that found that nearly one third of people 544 00:30:12,680 --> 00:30:15,960 Speaker 1: suffer they say suffer from tattoo regret. To be fair, 545 00:30:16,400 --> 00:30:23,000 Speaker 1: this survey was really small, like respondents men, women, and 546 00:30:23,040 --> 00:30:25,360 Speaker 1: the most tattoos were done by a professional, but half 547 00:30:25,360 --> 00:30:28,480 Speaker 1: of the patients were over forty, which tells the story 548 00:30:28,520 --> 00:30:30,800 Speaker 1: that a lot of these tattoos were done in the 549 00:30:30,960 --> 00:30:35,080 Speaker 1: younger years, between eighteen and twenty five years old. See, 550 00:30:35,160 --> 00:30:38,000 Speaker 1: it was a youthful indiscretion that they want to to 551 00:30:38,200 --> 00:30:42,000 Speaker 1: actually erase from their flesh when they're an adult. Yeah, 552 00:30:42,040 --> 00:30:45,720 Speaker 1: and then occasionally to you'll have medical complications. Um. The 553 00:30:45,760 --> 00:30:49,320 Speaker 1: New England Journal of Medicine described contaminated inc causing infections 554 00:30:49,360 --> 00:30:54,760 Speaker 1: of non tuberculosis myso bacteria. It's really difficult to treat 555 00:30:54,800 --> 00:30:57,720 Speaker 1: and really the only option is removing that tattoo. I've 556 00:30:57,760 --> 00:31:02,280 Speaker 1: also heard that sometimes tattoo removal is useful for people 557 00:31:02,280 --> 00:31:04,760 Speaker 1: who are who are very much still into their tattoos, 558 00:31:05,120 --> 00:31:09,520 Speaker 1: but essentially becomes a tool of retouching past tattoos. So 559 00:31:09,680 --> 00:31:12,280 Speaker 1: you you have some sort of you know, star or 560 00:31:12,440 --> 00:31:15,520 Speaker 1: name or an emblem, and it's maybe it's faded a 561 00:31:15,560 --> 00:31:17,960 Speaker 1: little bit or just not maybe it wasn't of the 562 00:31:18,000 --> 00:31:20,440 Speaker 1: same quality as you. You want your other tattoos and 563 00:31:20,480 --> 00:31:22,240 Speaker 1: you you don't want to raise it completely, but you 564 00:31:22,280 --> 00:31:24,959 Speaker 1: want to touch it up, and tattoo removal techniques can 565 00:31:25,040 --> 00:31:29,600 Speaker 1: be used to essentially make it look better. Indeed. Um, now, 566 00:31:30,400 --> 00:31:33,440 Speaker 1: when we get to the actual mechanics of tattoo removal, 567 00:31:33,640 --> 00:31:36,960 Speaker 1: just remember about the macrofishes and this, you know, the 568 00:31:37,040 --> 00:31:40,080 Speaker 1: dyes being too large right to break down in the 569 00:31:40,080 --> 00:31:43,600 Speaker 1: dermis and recall the information because when you are trying 570 00:31:43,640 --> 00:31:46,440 Speaker 1: to remove a tattoo, what you're basically doing is aiming 571 00:31:46,480 --> 00:31:49,440 Speaker 1: a laser at it and breaking it down into tinier 572 00:31:49,560 --> 00:31:53,960 Speaker 1: and tinier particles so that those macrofiges can consume it 573 00:31:54,040 --> 00:31:56,160 Speaker 1: and take it away into the bloodstream to be flushed 574 00:31:56,160 --> 00:31:57,960 Speaker 1: out of your body, break it down to a level 575 00:31:57,960 --> 00:31:59,600 Speaker 1: that they can handle it, and to a level to 576 00:31:59,640 --> 00:32:04,120 Speaker 1: where it their business to handle it. And most tattoos 577 00:32:04,160 --> 00:32:06,960 Speaker 1: require at least three to four treatments. They're spaced about 578 00:32:07,000 --> 00:32:09,960 Speaker 1: eight weeks apart to remove. The cost can range from 579 00:32:10,080 --> 00:32:14,160 Speaker 1: several hundred to several thousand dollars, depending on the size 580 00:32:14,480 --> 00:32:18,120 Speaker 1: and the location of the tattoo. And it turns out that, um, 581 00:32:18,160 --> 00:32:20,800 Speaker 1: just black and white tattoos are the easiest to remove 582 00:32:21,320 --> 00:32:25,400 Speaker 1: because those that black dye is easier to break down 583 00:32:25,400 --> 00:32:28,480 Speaker 1: with a laser. It's interesting. I would have thought that 584 00:32:28,520 --> 00:32:30,160 Speaker 1: maybe some of the other colors would be easier to 585 00:32:30,160 --> 00:32:32,320 Speaker 1: break down, but I guess the black is really stark, 586 00:32:32,640 --> 00:32:36,440 Speaker 1: and yeah, it's just it responds better to the laser. Now, um, 587 00:32:37,160 --> 00:32:41,760 Speaker 1: the removal is described as someone snapping a rubber band 588 00:32:41,800 --> 00:32:45,800 Speaker 1: at your skin over and over again, so it's it's 589 00:32:45,800 --> 00:32:48,800 Speaker 1: another sort of painful ritual that you go through um 590 00:32:48,840 --> 00:32:53,720 Speaker 1: to to to exercise some force, some symbol or some 591 00:32:53,720 --> 00:32:57,000 Speaker 1: some presents from your life. Of purging. Yeah right, it's 592 00:32:57,000 --> 00:33:00,600 Speaker 1: almost like self flagilation. Yeah, I mean, and a great 593 00:33:00,680 --> 00:33:02,280 Speaker 1: way to I guess, end to break up or a 594 00:33:02,280 --> 00:33:05,640 Speaker 1: marriage or something. You just actually just pay someone to 595 00:33:05,720 --> 00:33:08,440 Speaker 1: use a laser beam to just blast their name out 596 00:33:08,440 --> 00:33:11,560 Speaker 1: of your skin and let your your body's immune system 597 00:33:11,680 --> 00:33:14,600 Speaker 1: consume it. You can say that too. You can be like, 598 00:33:14,680 --> 00:33:19,080 Speaker 1: right now, you, I'm purging you from my blood. Yeah, 599 00:33:19,080 --> 00:33:22,920 Speaker 1: my immune system is is eating the last of you now, Sarah. Now, 600 00:33:22,960 --> 00:33:26,640 Speaker 1: given the number of individuals who end up needing to 601 00:33:26,720 --> 00:33:29,200 Speaker 1: have a tattoo removed, it's it stands to reason that 602 00:33:29,240 --> 00:33:32,120 Speaker 1: we would want to develop inc that is more easily 603 00:33:32,160 --> 00:33:35,880 Speaker 1: removed to make tattoos in a sense a little less permanent, 604 00:33:36,240 --> 00:33:38,240 Speaker 1: knowing that we're going to get tattoos so we don't 605 00:33:38,240 --> 00:33:39,800 Speaker 1: want to keep forever. I was thinking about that. I 606 00:33:39,840 --> 00:33:42,800 Speaker 1: was like, this is good for the noncommittal set like myself. 607 00:33:43,320 --> 00:33:45,400 Speaker 1: He was like, Okay, maybe I'll get one if I 608 00:33:45,480 --> 00:33:47,800 Speaker 1: know that it's going to break down much easier with 609 00:33:47,840 --> 00:33:51,160 Speaker 1: a laser. And that brings us to UH to the 610 00:33:51,200 --> 00:33:55,120 Speaker 1: special Infinity Inc. Manufactured by what's the name of the company, 611 00:33:55,200 --> 00:33:59,080 Speaker 1: Freedom to Ink, freedom to eat, because yeah, freedom to 612 00:33:59,120 --> 00:34:01,680 Speaker 1: be me, you and me. But with the caveat that 613 00:34:01,720 --> 00:34:05,240 Speaker 1: we can we can erase things that we put into 614 00:34:05,240 --> 00:34:07,440 Speaker 1: our flesh. And the idea here is that you just 615 00:34:07,480 --> 00:34:12,040 Speaker 1: have a a die that is easier to remove because 616 00:34:12,040 --> 00:34:15,439 Speaker 1: the diet is stored in microscopic capsules uh that will 617 00:34:15,440 --> 00:34:18,200 Speaker 1: stay in the skin for good, but are more easily 618 00:34:18,239 --> 00:34:21,040 Speaker 1: broken down by the laser. So it's basically, let's make 619 00:34:21,040 --> 00:34:24,200 Speaker 1: an ink that is easier to remove with the accepted technique. 620 00:34:24,200 --> 00:34:25,880 Speaker 1: There's nothing magic about. You can't just rub them the 621 00:34:25,880 --> 00:34:28,520 Speaker 1: magnet on it and make it go away, but it 622 00:34:28,560 --> 00:34:32,920 Speaker 1: makes it easier to get rid off with the traditional 623 00:34:32,960 --> 00:34:36,160 Speaker 1: means of tattoo removal. Again about the macro fuses and 624 00:34:36,239 --> 00:34:38,359 Speaker 1: the size, right, So if you can get that die 625 00:34:38,360 --> 00:34:41,799 Speaker 1: particle as tiny as you can and just suspend it 626 00:34:42,040 --> 00:34:46,080 Speaker 1: in a polymer bead, then when you aim that laser 627 00:34:46,160 --> 00:34:49,719 Speaker 1: at it and it combust that polymer bead, than it's 628 00:34:49,800 --> 00:34:53,080 Speaker 1: so much easier to deal with by the body. And 629 00:34:53,120 --> 00:34:55,480 Speaker 1: it seems like this uh, the sink is becoming more 630 00:34:55,480 --> 00:34:59,840 Speaker 1: and more accessible and more and more tattoo parlors around 631 00:34:59,880 --> 00:35:02,520 Speaker 1: the world. But it does still kind of seem like 632 00:35:02,840 --> 00:35:05,560 Speaker 1: an easy way out, like like why why do you 633 00:35:05,600 --> 00:35:08,279 Speaker 1: want to have that? Is having that escape route in 634 00:35:08,400 --> 00:35:12,279 Speaker 1: place seems a little against the idea of of the 635 00:35:12,280 --> 00:35:16,520 Speaker 1: permanency of the whole point anyway, Yeah, but I don't know, 636 00:35:16,600 --> 00:35:18,800 Speaker 1: I guess it would be it would be definitely beneficial 637 00:35:18,840 --> 00:35:21,719 Speaker 1: I could see for for those medical tattoos we were 638 00:35:21,760 --> 00:35:26,000 Speaker 1: talking about, particularly ones used in radiation treatments, because in 639 00:35:26,040 --> 00:35:29,800 Speaker 1: many cases hum individuals who undergo that kind of treatment afterwards, 640 00:35:29,920 --> 00:35:33,000 Speaker 1: even though we're talking about very small dots, they might 641 00:35:33,080 --> 00:35:35,359 Speaker 1: want to get rid of them because it's it's it's 642 00:35:35,400 --> 00:35:39,560 Speaker 1: a permanent sign of this, uh, this this ordeal they 643 00:35:39,560 --> 00:35:42,240 Speaker 1: had to go through. So or maybe it's just something 644 00:35:42,239 --> 00:35:45,840 Speaker 1: that they should always offer when someone is getting a 645 00:35:45,920 --> 00:35:49,319 Speaker 1: you know, a girlfriend or boyfriend's named tattooed, like how 646 00:35:49,440 --> 00:35:50,960 Speaker 1: do you want to upgrade a bit and go to 647 00:35:51,040 --> 00:35:53,280 Speaker 1: this so other ink, you know, the sort of offered 648 00:35:53,320 --> 00:35:55,399 Speaker 1: as a as a you know, behind the counter kind 649 00:35:55,400 --> 00:35:57,840 Speaker 1: of sale. It's like, hey, I know she means a 650 00:35:57,840 --> 00:36:00,680 Speaker 1: lot to you, but trust me, five years show now, 651 00:36:00,840 --> 00:36:03,360 Speaker 1: who knows I don't know why the tattoo artists is 652 00:36:03,360 --> 00:36:05,400 Speaker 1: talking like that. Yeah, well, you generally want all your 653 00:36:05,440 --> 00:36:08,680 Speaker 1: relationship advice from a tattoo artist generally speaks Oh, I 654 00:36:08,719 --> 00:36:11,920 Speaker 1: think a tattoo artist could provide great relationship with us. 655 00:36:11,960 --> 00:36:15,640 Speaker 1: Are you kidding? They probably have seen everything and probably 656 00:36:15,680 --> 00:36:17,799 Speaker 1: know more about the human experience than most of us. 657 00:36:18,080 --> 00:36:21,239 Speaker 1: I've heard a friend of a friend used to work 658 00:36:21,280 --> 00:36:25,040 Speaker 1: at a tattoo parlor in Athens, Georgia, and supposedly the 659 00:36:25,040 --> 00:36:27,640 Speaker 1: parlor had a at a wall of shame in the 660 00:36:27,680 --> 00:36:31,400 Speaker 1: back where they would put the particularly bad tattoos that 661 00:36:31,480 --> 00:36:35,520 Speaker 1: individuals had had paid for like their own workmanship, or 662 00:36:35,640 --> 00:36:38,879 Speaker 1: just like more of like the like hey I want 663 00:36:38,920 --> 00:36:41,319 Speaker 1: this dolphins sitting on a lazy boy. I think that 664 00:36:41,440 --> 00:36:44,480 Speaker 1: kind of thing, you know, or particularly like racist tattoos, 665 00:36:44,520 --> 00:36:47,000 Speaker 1: just things where you're like, oh, why would someone do that? 666 00:36:47,320 --> 00:36:50,160 Speaker 1: I think it probably you know, there was a range 667 00:36:50,440 --> 00:36:53,960 Speaker 1: from just the the the head scratching tattoos to the 668 00:36:54,040 --> 00:36:58,440 Speaker 1: purely awful uh tattoos. I have a challenge for you 669 00:36:58,440 --> 00:37:02,319 Speaker 1: guys out there. You come up with the tattoo that 670 00:37:02,440 --> 00:37:04,880 Speaker 1: I should get, and I'm not saying I'm gonna get it. Okay, 671 00:37:04,920 --> 00:37:07,120 Speaker 1: I'm just saying because you know, I'm noncommittal, but I'm 672 00:37:07,160 --> 00:37:11,560 Speaker 1: intrigued by it. Christian Stein Metts of uh stuff of 673 00:37:11,600 --> 00:37:16,080 Speaker 1: genius in other house efforts um joints, I suppose um 674 00:37:16,400 --> 00:37:17,840 Speaker 1: he and I were talking one day and saying that 675 00:37:17,920 --> 00:37:21,160 Speaker 1: we should get all get like one bonding tattoo and 676 00:37:21,200 --> 00:37:23,360 Speaker 1: what should that be, And of course the house of 677 00:37:23,600 --> 00:37:27,120 Speaker 1: logo came up as an idea, which is a question 678 00:37:27,160 --> 00:37:29,319 Speaker 1: mark if you guys aren't familiar with it. And then 679 00:37:29,360 --> 00:37:32,760 Speaker 1: we thought, yes, tramp stamps of the House to works logo. 680 00:37:33,160 --> 00:37:35,880 Speaker 1: And then we quickly decided that's a terrible idea and 681 00:37:35,960 --> 00:37:41,320 Speaker 1: so confusing for anybody who might be amorously involved with us. Yeah, 682 00:37:41,360 --> 00:37:44,719 Speaker 1: it does it. Yeah, I can see that being problematic. 683 00:37:45,000 --> 00:37:46,480 Speaker 1: Well maybe we should put it. We should all get 684 00:37:46,480 --> 00:37:49,240 Speaker 1: it right here on our third eye in the penney 685 00:37:49,280 --> 00:37:53,640 Speaker 1: on Gland. Yes, over the should probably pick one chakra, 686 00:37:53,840 --> 00:37:56,800 Speaker 1: Just go pick one of these chakras that it relates 687 00:37:56,880 --> 00:38:00,000 Speaker 1: most to your The sort of content that you produce 688 00:38:00,040 --> 00:38:01,799 Speaker 1: is for how stuff works, and that's where you get it. 689 00:38:01,920 --> 00:38:04,680 Speaker 1: I like it. Yeah, what are the car stuff guys 690 00:38:04,680 --> 00:38:08,400 Speaker 1: gonna do? Oh? Which which chakra is the automotive chakra. 691 00:38:08,520 --> 00:38:13,160 Speaker 1: I can't remember the pelvic regions. Yeah, alright, So there 692 00:38:13,200 --> 00:38:15,920 Speaker 1: you have it. UM A crash course in some of 693 00:38:15,920 --> 00:38:19,400 Speaker 1: the some of the interesting points of tattooing history and 694 00:38:19,480 --> 00:38:22,960 Speaker 1: culture that that we found interesting UM as well as 695 00:38:23,040 --> 00:38:26,279 Speaker 1: the science of tattoos, the science of tattoo removals. And 696 00:38:26,560 --> 00:38:28,719 Speaker 1: in our next episode we're going to look to some 697 00:38:28,760 --> 00:38:32,279 Speaker 1: of the more cutting edge UH and indeed the near 698 00:38:32,360 --> 00:38:36,319 Speaker 1: future applications of tattoos, the future of tattooing. So look 699 00:38:36,360 --> 00:38:39,399 Speaker 1: forward to that episode, and in the meantime, make sure 700 00:38:39,440 --> 00:38:41,040 Speaker 1: you go to stuff to Blow your mind dot com 701 00:38:41,080 --> 00:38:42,560 Speaker 1: because that is find where you will find all the 702 00:38:42,560 --> 00:38:45,160 Speaker 1: podcast episodes, all the videos, all the blog posts, as 703 00:38:45,200 --> 00:38:47,239 Speaker 1: well as links out the various social media accounts that 704 00:38:47,239 --> 00:38:49,680 Speaker 1: we maintain. And if you would like to send us 705 00:38:49,719 --> 00:38:51,759 Speaker 1: your thoughts about tattoos, because I bet you guys have 706 00:38:51,800 --> 00:38:54,239 Speaker 1: some experiences out there are some things that you'd like 707 00:38:54,320 --> 00:38:57,080 Speaker 1: to share, you can do that by emailing us a 708 00:38:57,239 --> 00:39:04,440 Speaker 1: blow the mind at how stuff works dot com. For 709 00:39:04,560 --> 00:39:07,080 Speaker 1: more on this and thousands of other topics, visit how 710 00:39:07,120 --> 00:39:11,920 Speaker 1: stuff works dot com.