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Speaker 1: From UFOs to psychic powers and government conspiracies. History is

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Speaker 1: riddled with unexplained events. You can turn back now or

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Speaker 1: learn the stuff they don't want you to know, and

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Speaker 1: then we welcome back to the show. My name is Max,

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Speaker 1: my name is Noah. They call me Ben. You are

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Speaker 1: you that makes this stuff? They don't want you to know.

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Speaker 1: We're getting closer and closer to the end of the year.

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Speaker 1: You guys, this is the last month you have. The

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Speaker 1: holiday tree is up in the office. Looks real pretty,

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Speaker 1: It's a Christmas tree, but it's very considerate. We also

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Speaker 1: have a video on the origins of Christmas. If you're wondering, Hey,

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Speaker 1: what why is there a tree in my house? Now? Uh,

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Speaker 1: the answers, the answers may interest you. But as we

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Speaker 1: as we round this out, I don't want us start

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Speaker 1: at the top and say that we had some folks

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Speaker 1: ask us about our Halloween special. We've been doing some

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Speaker 1: longer projects that you will begin to see more and

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Speaker 1: more of in in the coming years. And we're not

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Speaker 1: done with We're not done with the occasional special, not

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Speaker 1: the coming years. The coming year when we're gonna we're

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Speaker 1: gonna get them done before the next several years. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: in three years we will from complete our first project

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Speaker 1: for scoring seven years from now. But today we are

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Speaker 1: talking about something that may affect some of our listeners,

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Speaker 1: uh in a in a personal way. Uh. Today we're

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Speaker 1: talking about the military and drug use. A specifically drug

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Speaker 1: use as sanctioned by military forces. So for instance, not

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Speaker 1: the illegal use of marijuana or opiates, heroin, et cetera

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Speaker 1: in Vietnam, for instance, more like the state sponsored use

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Speaker 1: of speed by several different militaries during World War Two.

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Speaker 1: Using drugs to enhance one's performance is an ancient, ancient

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Speaker 1: capital letter ancient practice, and over the centuries, institutions encourage

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Speaker 1: the use of all sorts of drugs, from hashishta alcohol,

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Speaker 1: to emphetamines, to opium and to hallucinogens in experimental settings.

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Speaker 1: It seems like some of those who just kind of

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Speaker 1: make you sit there slack jawed and not do much

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Speaker 1: for your you know, murder, murderous rage. The we're specifically

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Speaker 1: talking mostly about uppers in this episode. Well that those

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Speaker 1: are the ones that make sense to me. You know,

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Speaker 1: they kind of give you that they enhance that fight

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Speaker 1: or flight mentality and kind of like a tune your

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Speaker 1: reflexes a little bit, whereas things like marijuana and um,

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Speaker 1: you know, downers. It seems to me would possibly make

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Speaker 1: you or sluggish and not necessarily be much help in

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Speaker 1: combat situations. But I don't know, let's explore well. It

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Speaker 1: reminds me of the YouTube video series that I was

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Speaker 1: super fan of for about a week, which was the

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Speaker 1: doing X on Salvia series. Have you ever seen that? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: money sala? Yeah, we were you and I watched that.

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Speaker 1: I think Matt you may have introduced me to it.

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Speaker 1: I'm a huge fan of the gentleman that makes the videos.

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Speaker 1: He's got a razor wit so uh so, Yeah to

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Speaker 1: your point, Noll, that reminds me of those video series

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Speaker 1: because the entire point or bit of that uh that

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Speaker 1: series is that when people do salvia there physically useless

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Speaker 1: for a minute. M There's a song by the band

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Speaker 1: oyster Head which was a combination of Primus Fish and

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Speaker 1: Stewart Copel in the drummer from the Police. It's called

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Speaker 1: Armies on Ecstasy, and it makes me think of this

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Speaker 1: line says the Armies on ecstasy. So they say, I

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Speaker 1: read all about it in the USA today they stepped

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Speaker 1: up you're in testing to make it go away because

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Speaker 1: it's hard to kill the enemy on old M D

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Speaker 1: M A. And uh, that's that's a great quotation, I

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Speaker 1: will I will follow that up with a quotation from

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Speaker 1: William to Kumpster Sherman, who said, who is the person

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Speaker 1: we most often attribute with the saying war as hell? Unfortunately,

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Speaker 1: during wartime, individuals on all sides, every side, will tend

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Speaker 1: to commit crimes and atrocities. This includes stuff like assault, yes,

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Speaker 1: and theft, and murder of innocence, and of course drug

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Speaker 1: use to either numb the mind or as an attempt

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Speaker 1: to self medicate. And what we're exploring today is a

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Speaker 1: long established, often unacknowledged pattern in military history. We Matt Nolan,

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Speaker 1: I are not in any way condoning the use of

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Speaker 1: performance enhancing drugs or the possibilities for addiction inherent in

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Speaker 1: these substances. Drugs do not care whether you are a civilian,

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Speaker 1: a veteran, or currently serving in the armed services of

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Speaker 1: any nation. There is help available in people that you

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Speaker 1: can reach out to if you feel that there is

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Speaker 1: a problem where you feel yourself headed in that direction,

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Speaker 1: and we guarantee your life is worth it. That's our disclaimer.

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Speaker 1: But uh, instead of just going into the usual facts

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Speaker 1: or statistics today, let's just admit the the amount of

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Speaker 1: drug use and militaries is insane. This is already where

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Speaker 1: things get crazy. Well, we said this was an ancient practice,

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Speaker 1: but we didn't say how ancient it was. That's because,

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Speaker 1: oddly enough, drug used in past civilizations was not treated

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Speaker 1: the way it is in the modern day. It was

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Speaker 1: not condemned and vilified. It was like a far for

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Speaker 1: the course, bore or less sure, and and various different

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Speaker 1: drugs were treated in in this way. Uh um. Part

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Speaker 1: of that's likely because modern science has kind of showed

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Speaker 1: us what the dangerous effects of drugs can be if

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Speaker 1: like you take too many too much of a drug,

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Speaker 1: or if you take drugs and combination with one another,

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Speaker 1: or if you have certain other health risks and then

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Speaker 1: you take a drug, whereas in olden times it was

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Speaker 1: more like, oh I chewed this leaf and now I

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Speaker 1: can see around corners. Well yeah, and it could also

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Speaker 1: be treated as medicine, and it was often in the past.

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Speaker 1: Here's this mushroom that taught me about religion or consciousness, right,

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Speaker 1: So the that that's a really good point because First,

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Speaker 1: not all drugs are created equally. Not all of these

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Speaker 1: external substances applied to the human body have the same effects,

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Speaker 1: nor they have the same um dangers, right dangers, or

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Speaker 1: short term benefits. But we do know it goes way way, way,

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Speaker 1: way way back, and of course, as you know, the

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Speaker 1: further back in time we go, the more difficult it

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Speaker 1: is to discern, parse, and ultimately to cipher the the

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Speaker 1: evidence that we find. Right. We do know though, that

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Speaker 1: the earliest records of drug use in general go back millennia,

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Speaker 1: So in five thousand b C. We have record that

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Speaker 1: the Sumarians used opium, and this is strongly indicated by

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Speaker 1: the fact that they had an idiogram for it, which

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Speaker 1: translated to something meaning joy or rejoicing. Yeah. I think

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Speaker 1: for the Sumarians it was for people who could afford it,

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Speaker 1: a a social wide thing, so it's it was almost like,

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Speaker 1: uh not, it wasn't just a military use, and it

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Speaker 1: may have been sort of an off time or off

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Speaker 1: off mission thing for militaries if they used it. We're

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Speaker 1: just amazed that they had opium at that time because

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Speaker 1: I think I know the three of us have talked

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Speaker 1: about it off air. I don't know if we ever

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Speaker 1: talked about on air. But I've always been just flabbergasted

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Speaker 1: and in a way impressed or at least fascinated by

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Speaker 1: the mechanisms that humanity has discovered to do drugs. Like

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Speaker 1: I would understand, you know, I understand eating a leaf,

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Speaker 1: like to your earlier example Noll and going whoa, this

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Speaker 1: knocked me on my keyster. But the idea of someone saying, like,

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Speaker 1: hold on a second, you know, those uh, those things

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Speaker 1: growing out outside, I'm gonna cut them, not not not

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Speaker 1: to not not like chop them up. I'm gonna cut

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Speaker 1: them and let them bleed the sort of LATEXI substance

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Speaker 1: for a little while. And they're like oh why, And

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Speaker 1: they're like hold on, I'm not done. Then I'm gonna

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Speaker 1: scrape it off of the thing, and then I'm gonna

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Speaker 1: like through uh through a process of drying, distillation, and concentration.

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Speaker 1: Oh and I'm also gonna invent a syringe. And they're

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Speaker 1: like wait, what's that And they're like to hold on,

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Speaker 1: hold on, let me keep going. It's like and then

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Speaker 1: I'm gonna take a spoon and they're like, oh, yeah,

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Speaker 1: I've heard of spoons, Like yeah, one of those and

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Speaker 1: I'm gonna heat it up, heat up this substance I made,

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Speaker 1: and I'm gonna put it in the syringe. And they're

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Speaker 1: like again with the syringes, what are you talking to me.

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Speaker 1: He's like, look, I'm not done yet. I'm gonna put

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Speaker 1: it in my veins. That's a lot of work to

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Speaker 1: figure that out. It seems like the same kind of

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Speaker 1: process you would go through for any scientific discovery, where

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Speaker 1: it's sort of piggybacking, where like maybe one person ate

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Speaker 1: the poppy and then they realized that it had a quality,

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Speaker 1: but they thought, maybe I can get more out of it.

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Speaker 1: Somebody down the line is like, maybe I can get more.

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Speaker 1: There's a more perfect way to extract whatever it is

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Speaker 1: about this that makes me feel the way I feel.

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Speaker 1: And then over the years, I mean, I'm sure that

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Speaker 1: process certainly didn't pop up overnight. You know, but you know,

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Speaker 1: the first person that ever sniffed a drug that was accidental, right,

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Speaker 1: there was some kind of dust in the air and

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Speaker 1: they just went, I mean, nobody does nobody did that

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Speaker 1: on purpose? And like, wait, that's a good point. Yeah, no,

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Speaker 1: I agree, I agree, But it's like, you know, the

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Speaker 1: same way you accidentally figure out how to make fire

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Speaker 1: or something like that, and then you can figure out

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Speaker 1: the best method of delivery over time, and you try

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Speaker 1: to gradually make the process more refined. Yes, just like

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Speaker 1: a d n A. It's it's a glorious string of

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Speaker 1: accidents that occurred and then got refined, and I'm sure

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Speaker 1: a lot of people died along the way. Uh. Editorial

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Speaker 1: note for everybody. We're using heroin as an example, injectable heroin,

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Speaker 1: but injectable heroine was not invented until eighteen seventy four,

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Speaker 1: So these folks were doing just some form of opium. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And weirdly enough, this predates, uh, the earliest historical record

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Speaker 1: of alcohol, which comes from Egypt. That comes from it's

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Speaker 1: uh from Yeah, Egyptian papyrus shows that there is a

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Speaker 1: brewery that's kind of cool, yeah, and until it's essentially fermentation, right,

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Speaker 1: So we have to wonder yet, maybe opium at that

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Speaker 1: point was an easier drug to consume or an easier

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Speaker 1: substance to consume. We also know that use of hallucinogens

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Speaker 1: or magic mushrooms in particulars thought to date back thousands

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Speaker 1: of years. This relates to another theory which we know

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Speaker 1: a lot of you love out there, folks. Uh. It's

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Speaker 1: the idea that civilization itself or numerous religions were founded

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Speaker 1: or discovered during these ritualized drug trips. The idea that

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Speaker 1: the deities people worship, or the origin of what we

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Speaker 1: call consciousness, to Matt's point, comes from the intense introspection

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Speaker 1: brought on by hallucinogenics. The stone tape theory, I think

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Speaker 1: is what they call that. There's we won't go into

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Speaker 1: it now, but there were some I remember reading that

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Speaker 1: some people thought Jesus was actually a magic mushroom. It

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Speaker 1: was all an allegory for magic mushrooms, right, Yeah, that

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Speaker 1: people were commune muicating in these sort of anthropomorphic uh

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Speaker 1: symbolic terms. And speaking of chewing leaves, evidence shows that

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Speaker 1: people have been chewing and eating the leaves of a

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Speaker 1: plant called the beetle since at least twenty sixty bc um.

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Speaker 1: This particular plant contains chemicals that are have stimulant effects

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Speaker 1: and of euphoria inducing properties, sort of like maybe a

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Speaker 1: coca leaf, and these days are mostly consumed in Asia.

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Speaker 1: And this brings us to the allegations of drug use

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Speaker 1: in ancient fighting forces, which is which is a fascinating topic,

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Speaker 1: and a lot of it is difficult to prove. So

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Speaker 1: we're entering the area of professional academics arguing with each

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Speaker 1: other back and forth against conferences. You have been warned, Uh,

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Speaker 1: do you guys each one to do one? Can I start? Yeah?

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Speaker 1: Please do so. Many of you out there have probably

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Speaker 1: heard of zerkers, maybe from a video game like myself,

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Speaker 1: or from reading historical documentation, or from that song in

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Speaker 1: Clerk's the movie Bazaka Do Do Do Doe Doe Dope bezacka.

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Speaker 1: So historical berserkers were infamous Viking warriors, and there were

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Speaker 1: these fearsome guys who would dress in skins of animals

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Speaker 1: like bears, and according to history, they would attack friend

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Speaker 1: or foe with this insane verocity in tenacity of just

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Speaker 1: like they're gonna go at anything that's near them that

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Speaker 1: they can perceive as possibly a threat. If anyone's been

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Speaker 1: watching Westworld, there's a great example of a berserker, I

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Speaker 1: think in two episodes two or the episodes from the

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Speaker 1: last one. Um a guy and a huge, huge, hulking

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Speaker 1: guy with like a like a mask on with horns

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Speaker 1: and wielding this giant absurd club. Then only like a

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Speaker 1: superhuman mutant could wield or you know, a viking on

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Speaker 1: drugs or a host. But one of the one of

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Speaker 1: the more popular theories about these berserkers, well the strength

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Speaker 1: and the frenzy that they could muster, was that they

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Speaker 1: were under the influence of some kind of substance, some

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Speaker 1: kind of drug, although experts who believe this theory they

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Speaker 1: aren't conclusively sure what sort of drug this would have been.

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Speaker 1: My mind goes to PCP, but I'm fairly certain that

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Speaker 1: that's not what they were on. Um who knows what

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Speaker 1: they could have been ingesting if they were in fact

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Speaker 1: doing so, they've been Yeah. The guesses range from hallucinogenic

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Speaker 1: mushroom m anita muscaria, or massive amounts of alcohol U.

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Speaker 1: What's interesting there is that some of that would fit

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Speaker 1: in with practical usage or ritual usage. Excuse me, but

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Speaker 1: when we think of hallucinogenic trips or or the behavior

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Speaker 1: that sort of stuff induces, it creates a trance like state,

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Speaker 1: but not typically a violent one. Also, there have been

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Speaker 1: accounts that people would fall into these states when they

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Speaker 1: were doing non war like behavior, so just fixing, doing

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Speaker 1: some blacksmithing work, fixing, ship carving, Fixing Ship is a

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Speaker 1: great example. And one of the other explanations was that

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Speaker 1: maybe there was self induced hysteria or epilepsy or mental illness,

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Speaker 1: which is disturbing and fascinating implications, but by far the

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Speaker 1: most popular theory is that there was some sort of

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Speaker 1: drug involved, maybe a combination. Maybe a combination for sure.

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Speaker 1: And then we have another example of fighting force, the

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Speaker 1: infamous Assassins. More video game stuff. Yes, yeah, that movie

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Speaker 1: looks good. Assassin's Creed movie. I don't even want to

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Speaker 1: talk about it. It seems like the stuff of movies. Yes,

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Speaker 1: it is the stuff of movies. And I mean it's

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Speaker 1: not like we've had a single good video game to

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Speaker 1: movie adaptations, so I think we're do one. Well, there

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Speaker 1: was Tron. There was also a pac Man the movie.

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Speaker 1: I'm kidding, that's not real. There was there was Battleship,

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Speaker 1: which is based on a board game. Ever since Ui Bowl,

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Speaker 1: My my heart is just broken. He's my boy. But yeah,

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Speaker 1: Assassin's um Marco Polo Uh was the originator of many

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Speaker 1: of the reports of assassins from his travels in the Orient.

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Speaker 1: Let me say Orient, Is that okay to say? I

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Speaker 1: think in this stage? Yeah, alright, cool um. So, yeah,

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Speaker 1: he talks of he tells a tale of the old

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Speaker 1: Man of the Mountain, or Saba, who would drug his

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Speaker 1: young followers sort of like almost like a shaolin like

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Speaker 1: monk fighting instructor um. He would drug them with hashish,

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Speaker 1: lead them to paradise, and then claim that only he

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Speaker 1: had the means to allow for their return. So, perceiving

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Speaker 1: that Sabah was either in profit or some sort of

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Speaker 1: demon magician, his disciples, believing that only he could return

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Speaker 1: them to paradise, were completely committed to his cause. Would

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Speaker 1: you whatever it took to get that feeling again, and

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Speaker 1: we're willing to carry out his every wish. Uh. And

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Speaker 1: this is mentioned in Boudolino, which is a fiction but

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Speaker 1: you know, with some historical truths peppered in there. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: Bodelino is by a an author named Umberto Echo, and

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Speaker 1: it's about this guy who's just an absolute dirt bag,

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Speaker 1: but he rises to fame and examined some of the oh,

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Speaker 1: the way that a grain of truth would give would

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Speaker 1: give rise to an entire world of rumors and lies.

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Speaker 1: But that one of the things they do mention in

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Speaker 1: that book is the the paradise of the Assassins where

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Speaker 1: there wherein there's a character who says, you know, I

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Speaker 1: saw these guys saying they went to paradise, but what

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Speaker 1: they were doing was just sort of standing there and

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Speaker 1: chains doped up. So it's interesting the idea of compelling

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Speaker 1: people to fight through what may have been some sort

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Speaker 1: of psychology psychological manipulation obviously, but it sounds to me

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Speaker 1: like it would have been more like something stronger like opium, right,

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Speaker 1: I mean, there would have to be some kind of

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Speaker 1: dependency for them to have been so worried about getting

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Speaker 1: back to that state that they would kill, you know,

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Speaker 1: and follow blindly. How she doesn't seem like it would

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Speaker 1: have as as as much of a hold. But that's

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Speaker 1: just you know, Yeah, it's like that joke and half

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Speaker 1: baked when that guy goes to rehab from marijuana. Maybe

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Speaker 1: it's a crazy strain you guys. Perhaps, well we we

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Speaker 1: know that, Okay. So the origins of the Assassins can

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Speaker 1: be traced back to like ten eighty or so ten

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Speaker 1: a d. Common era um and most of most of

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Speaker 1: the early sources of this movement, Unfortunately, we're written by

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Speaker 1: people who were enemies. They were based on stuff sort

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Speaker 1: of like the templars had a lot of stuff written

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Speaker 1: by their enemies uh, and a lot of the stuff

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Speaker 1: that dealt with the order's inner workings were destroyed in

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Speaker 1: twelve fifties six. But like Noel said, we we know

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Speaker 1: that the originator of the cult uh and the I

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Speaker 1: guess the progenitor or the patriarch of the movement was

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Speaker 1: the Grand Master Hassan E Sapa. We also know that

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Speaker 1: meso American cultures have a long and storied history of

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Speaker 1: seeking enlightenment and enhanced performance through the ingestion of drugs. However,

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Speaker 1: and perhaps surprising for some people, most document to deduce

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Speaker 1: was either completely ritual or spiritual stuff or medicinal. In

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Speaker 1: that climate, there was just a preponderance of differing drugs

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Speaker 1: that people could use. And this this use of drugs

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Speaker 1: despite changing cultural opinions, like, we live in a pretty

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Speaker 1: prohibitive society now, uh, partially to partially because of health concerns,

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Speaker 1: but I would also argue more so to control the

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Speaker 1: flow of money and to control the status quo or

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Speaker 1: hierarchical system that's been set up here. Some people might disagree.

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Speaker 1: I'm fine with that because it is just my opinion.

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Speaker 1: If you if you feel that, uh, if you feel

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Speaker 1: that prohibition despite the overwhelming evidence that it in no

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Speaker 1: way works to the benefit of the public. I mean, like,

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Speaker 1: if you choose to believe that despite the evidence, that's

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Speaker 1: your opinion, and you're welcome to it. Pardon my rant. Uh.

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Speaker 1: The drug the connection between drug use and militaries that

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Speaker 1: has continued, albeit widely unacknowledged in our current era. It

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Speaker 1: was widely understood in uh in past eras right in

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Speaker 1: recent centuries. I mean, there's that time that Britain got

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Speaker 1: drunk and took over the world. I love that. Well,

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Speaker 1: I I'm being flippant, but you know, I mean they

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Speaker 1: were drunk already, they just also took over the world. Yes,

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Speaker 1: there is a noted historical industrial level advocacy of alcohol

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Speaker 1: by the British Empire. One example comes from the Napoleonic Wars.

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Speaker 1: During these wars, alcohol use was encouraged among British troops

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Speaker 1: as a way to guard against disease, allegedly and to

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Speaker 1: boost moral I mean, I can imagine it doing that, right,

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Speaker 1: poor little alcohol on It'll kill all the germs. Yeah, sure,

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Speaker 1: because we we do know alcohol was used as almost

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Speaker 1: a pain killer at the time when there was some

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Speaker 1: kind of issue going on in the battlefield, you needed

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Speaker 1: to be stitched up. Well, not to mention you think

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Speaker 1: of like the officers class in there. You know clubs,

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Speaker 1: they're they're kind of private clubs with their brandy and

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Speaker 1: their cigars, with their epaulets and all of their medals

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Speaker 1: and stuff. Is just part of the culture. Um, you know,

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Speaker 1: both all in it off the battlefield, it seems sure.

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Speaker 1: Speaking of that, some soldiers were known to spend a

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Speaker 1: month's worth of wages on alcohol in one sitting, Like

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Speaker 1: just go and go all out, drink your a whole

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Speaker 1: paycheck and one night at the bar. Well, yeah, because

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Speaker 1: you gotta to go, you might as well go large,

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Speaker 1: so large and go hard, and you gotta buy around

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Speaker 1: for the whole pub. Also, teetotal ers were reviled, known

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Speaker 1: as I take offense to this, by the way, Methodists,

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Speaker 1: why do you take offense to this? Because I was

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Speaker 1: a Methodist growing up. I was also a teetotaler. Right,

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Speaker 1: but you're you're drinking now, I'm drinking at this moment. Yes,

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Speaker 1: we each have a yard of ale in front of us.

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Speaker 1: It's true, and it's funny that you mentioned the idea

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Speaker 1: of officers clubs because there was a hierarchy there. Yes,

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Speaker 1: officers had standing orders to avoid any drunken privates, the

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Speaker 1: lower ranking members of the military, because they often attacked

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Speaker 1: their superiors. Well, you know, if you're drunk and you're

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Speaker 1: upset with your higher up because he made you do

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Speaker 1: some things you didn't want to do a head full steam,

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Speaker 1: I can imagine that leading to some bad situations. Well,

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Speaker 1: let's also consider it was not they didn't have the

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Speaker 1: same code of military behavior that exists today. Weren't these

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Speaker 1: also in the days of like being ft of a

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Speaker 1: firing squad for in subordination, Yeah, yeah, yeah, for treason? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: getting branded speaking, what have you guys seen the film

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Speaker 1: Paths of Glory? I have not seen him up in

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Speaker 1: a conversation with my my friend the other night. Um there,

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Speaker 1: I only mentioned it because it does kind of show

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Speaker 1: some of this drinking culture in the British Army. Um.

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Speaker 1: But it's a fantastic movie, to early Kubrick movie, and

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Speaker 1: it's sort of deals with it deals with questions of

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Speaker 1: morality when taking orders, and it's it's fabulous, very very

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Speaker 1: ahead of its time. Like, honestly, it's almost a precursor

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Speaker 1: to Doctor Strange Love in in that it's sort of

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Speaker 1: lampoons sort of the military system and the way people

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Speaker 1: blindly take orders, and then there's one character who kind

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Speaker 1: of is a little different. But it shows that hierarchy

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Speaker 1: of the officers class, and it shows that on the

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Speaker 1: ground drunkenness kind of vibe as well. So I think

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Speaker 1: it's an interesting film. From the upstairs downstairs, it is

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Speaker 1: like that, but it's much more tongue in cheek and

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Speaker 1: it's very it's very sardonic. It's an excellent, excellent film,

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Speaker 1: you guys. But I think before we continue with all

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Speaker 1: of this debauchery talk, we should have a quick pause

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Speaker 1: for the cause that is, the advertisements what keep our

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Speaker 1: lights on. And we talked a little bit about the

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Speaker 1: use of military military sponsored drug programs, but we would

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Speaker 1: be remiss if we didn't mention the wars over drugs.

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Speaker 1: One of the first that historians typically point to be

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Speaker 1: the series of conflicts known as the Opium Wars. We

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Speaker 1: talked a little bit about this in our podcast on

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Speaker 1: the Great Game, which you can check out at our website.

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Speaker 1: Stuff they Don't want you to Know dot Com. However,

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Speaker 1: Quick and Dirty version Uh, China had many resources that

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Speaker 1: the British Empire wanted. China for one, yes, absolutely, However, Uh,

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Speaker 1: the British Empire did not have very many resources that

402
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Speaker 1: China wanted. They did control opium productions, so they became

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Speaker 1: as an empire this huge drug pusher, and China said,

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Speaker 1: stop pushing opium on our people. It's doing terrible things.

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Speaker 1: And then they fought a series of wars for that

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Speaker 1: because it was ultimately, as every single war has eventually been,

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Speaker 1: it's over resources, and they might disguise it as ideology

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Speaker 1: to sucker other people. Uh. Yes, And if you're if

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Speaker 1: you're interested in the opium wars, check out our videos

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Speaker 1: that we did on that topic. There are a couple

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Speaker 1: of rather extensive ones. I think one is almost eight

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Speaker 1: minutes long, and it goes through all the history of it.

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Speaker 1: We also notice, right and you noticed this too, that

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Speaker 1: cocaine has been used as an income stream for various

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Speaker 1: militias and militaries, including facets of the US military. Uh

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Speaker 1: shout out to Oliver North and the Nicaraguan contras. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and farc Uh. So. Morphine was also used in the

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Speaker 1: US Civil War. It was the standout drug star of

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Speaker 1: that it was used as a painkiller and get this

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Speaker 1: to stave off diarrhea. Yeah, because diarrhea was extremely dangerous

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Speaker 1: at that time, and apparently opiate opiates give make people

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Speaker 1: constipated when they use it pretty regularly. Well there you go.

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Speaker 1: So so it worked in that regard. People just probably

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00:27:21,240 --> 00:27:25,280
Speaker 1: weren't as aware of the side effects were the highly

425
00:27:25,320 --> 00:27:30,280
Speaker 1: addictive nature. So hundreds of thousands of people returned from

426
00:27:30,280 --> 00:27:33,959
Speaker 1: the war with with an addiction. Well, it's funny. It's

427
00:27:34,000 --> 00:27:35,800
Speaker 1: it's like we're talking about earlier, where you kind of

428
00:27:35,840 --> 00:27:39,480
Speaker 1: like you sort of plunge headlong into these things because

429
00:27:39,520 --> 00:27:42,840
Speaker 1: they have an immediate effect, whether you're you know, early

430
00:27:42,920 --> 00:27:45,480
Speaker 1: man chooing that leaf and getting a burst of energy.

431
00:27:45,760 --> 00:27:48,840
Speaker 1: Even as as as recently as the Civil War. You

432
00:27:48,840 --> 00:27:51,520
Speaker 1: you have a drug that allows people to return to battle,

433
00:27:51,640 --> 00:27:54,520
Speaker 1: you know, returned to the battlefield. You're gonna use it

434
00:27:54,560 --> 00:27:56,760
Speaker 1: and you're not really going to think about the consequences,

435
00:27:56,880 --> 00:27:59,560
Speaker 1: and that is a whole another problem that then springs

436
00:27:59,640 --> 00:28:01,959
Speaker 1: up late there that you have to then deal with.

437
00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:05,680
Speaker 1: You've kind of created an epidemic and hopefully hopefully learned

438
00:28:05,800 --> 00:28:10,280
Speaker 1: from the past, which Princess do The story of the

439
00:28:10,840 --> 00:28:15,080
Speaker 1: bell of the ball when it comes to military sponsored

440
00:28:15,160 --> 00:28:23,359
Speaker 1: drug use, and that's speed ice, meth amphetamine, Uh, the

441
00:28:23,400 --> 00:28:27,960
Speaker 1: Heisenberg Blue. I'm just making words up now at this point,

442
00:28:29,359 --> 00:28:31,720
Speaker 1: no could could you break down a little bit of

443
00:28:31,720 --> 00:28:36,439
Speaker 1: the invention of m amphetamine for us so amphetamine was

444
00:28:36,560 --> 00:28:40,800
Speaker 1: first synthesized in eighteen eighty seven in Germany by a

445
00:28:40,920 --> 00:28:45,040
Speaker 1: Romanian chemist by the name of Lazar Adeline who named

446
00:28:45,040 --> 00:28:47,280
Speaker 1: it let me see if I can get this right

447
00:28:47,960 --> 00:28:51,760
Speaker 1: fenal isopropyl amine UM. And then in eighteen ninety three,

448
00:28:52,280 --> 00:28:57,600
Speaker 1: a Japanese chemist named Nagai Naga Yoshi synthesized methamphetamine from

449
00:28:57,600 --> 00:29:00,160
Speaker 1: eph adrine, which is still I think one of the

450
00:29:00,200 --> 00:29:04,160
Speaker 1: main precursors used today to make amphetam, which is why

451
00:29:04,760 --> 00:29:08,000
Speaker 1: people used to buy those. People used to buy those

452
00:29:08,040 --> 00:29:11,760
Speaker 1: over the counter pills that contain the fedrian and use

453
00:29:11,840 --> 00:29:16,160
Speaker 1: it to create meth amphetamy. And now if anyone you

454
00:29:16,200 --> 00:29:19,400
Speaker 1: know watches watches breaking bad knows this, or anyone who's

455
00:29:19,520 --> 00:29:22,040
Speaker 1: tried to buy some cold medicine, you sometimes have to

456
00:29:22,080 --> 00:29:24,920
Speaker 1: sign a registry and at the very least you've got

457
00:29:24,920 --> 00:29:27,680
Speaker 1: to get it from over the counter, from behind the counter,

458
00:29:27,720 --> 00:29:30,120
Speaker 1: rather just buy it and off the rack. Yeah, because

459
00:29:30,120 --> 00:29:34,440
Speaker 1: apparently people were driving around and buying. At first there

460
00:29:34,440 --> 00:29:37,320
Speaker 1: were no limits on how much one person could buy,

461
00:29:37,400 --> 00:29:39,600
Speaker 1: and then in some states people were driving around and

462
00:29:39,640 --> 00:29:42,800
Speaker 1: buying it and multiple you know, gas stations and pharmacies

463
00:29:42,840 --> 00:29:45,880
Speaker 1: and yeah, they call them smurfs and uh and Breaking Bad.

464
00:29:46,160 --> 00:29:49,760
Speaker 1: The people that go around and get the pseudoephadrine, that's

465
00:29:49,800 --> 00:29:51,960
Speaker 1: their job is to like go to go all over

466
00:29:52,120 --> 00:29:53,360
Speaker 1: as far as they have to go to get the

467
00:29:53,480 --> 00:29:56,400
Speaker 1: right amount to make the batch that's needed. I totally

468
00:29:56,480 --> 00:29:58,840
Speaker 1: forgot about that. They call them smurfs. What does this

469
00:29:58,880 --> 00:30:00,920
Speaker 1: show you? Guys keep talking to out you know Breaking,

470
00:30:00,960 --> 00:30:05,240
Speaker 1: you did see Breaking Bad? Breaking? It's like, uh, you

471
00:30:05,360 --> 00:30:10,600
Speaker 1: liked friends, right, Yes, it's like friends, but with whoa yeah,

472
00:30:10,840 --> 00:30:16,040
Speaker 1: met friends, met friends the best friends. Uh. In four uh,

473
00:30:16,240 --> 00:30:20,120
Speaker 1: company Smith Klein and French began selling emphetamine as an

474
00:30:20,160 --> 00:30:23,800
Speaker 1: inhaler under the trade name benz adrine and was designed

475
00:30:24,040 --> 00:30:29,880
Speaker 1: as a decongestant. Well and it it took off again.

476
00:30:31,000 --> 00:30:33,960
Speaker 1: We we have to remember it's one of the points

477
00:30:33,960 --> 00:30:37,920
Speaker 1: you made earlier that the people who are peddling these

478
00:30:37,920 --> 00:30:41,920
Speaker 1: aren't necessarily bad people in any way. They're just perhaps

479
00:30:41,960 --> 00:30:46,800
Speaker 1: not as aware of the possibilities of what could happen. Uh,

480
00:30:47,120 --> 00:30:50,600
Speaker 1: and there's lots of profit and there's a definite profit

481
00:30:50,840 --> 00:30:56,000
Speaker 1: motive there inarguable evidence indicates that both the Axis and

482
00:30:56,040 --> 00:31:01,080
Speaker 1: the Allied Powers used speed on a routine basis during

483
00:31:01,120 --> 00:31:04,760
Speaker 1: World War Two. Yeah, there's a substance that was used

484
00:31:04,840 --> 00:31:09,000
Speaker 1: under the brand name. It sounds a little strange, purveting

485
00:31:09,680 --> 00:31:12,680
Speaker 1: pervteing y p E r v I t I N.

486
00:31:12,960 --> 00:31:15,640
Speaker 1: Initially this was intended only to be dispensed to military

487
00:31:15,720 --> 00:31:20,480
Speaker 1: drivers on the front lines with Poland on the German side. Correct, Um,

488
00:31:21,280 --> 00:31:25,440
Speaker 1: guess what what? That didn't last Between April and July

489
00:31:25,480 --> 00:31:28,800
Speaker 1: of nineteen forty more than thirty five million tablets of

490
00:31:28,880 --> 00:31:32,880
Speaker 1: perveteen and Iso fan. This was a slightly modified version

491
00:31:32,920 --> 00:31:36,280
Speaker 1: that was produced by another company. They were shipped to

492
00:31:36,400 --> 00:31:39,960
Speaker 1: the German Army and Air Force, so that's a lot

493
00:31:40,000 --> 00:31:44,760
Speaker 1: of them. And uh, just really fast before we move on.

494
00:31:45,000 --> 00:31:48,040
Speaker 1: I'm just thinking about drivers using some kind of upper

495
00:31:48,080 --> 00:31:51,400
Speaker 1: in that way, and it just reminds me of tales

496
00:31:51,600 --> 00:31:54,920
Speaker 1: I have heard from truck drivers who have to go

497
00:31:55,000 --> 00:31:57,480
Speaker 1: cross country in a fairly short amount of time, or

498
00:31:57,520 --> 00:32:00,000
Speaker 1: at least as fast as possible. You have to stay

499
00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:05,600
Speaker 1: awake when you're driving twelve four right. We know that

500
00:32:05,720 --> 00:32:11,560
Speaker 1: we we know that in many civilian occupations where there's

501
00:32:12,040 --> 00:32:16,720
Speaker 1: a large amount of time that requires some sustained focus,

502
00:32:17,600 --> 00:32:20,680
Speaker 1: uppers of one sort or another or common you can

503
00:32:20,720 --> 00:32:24,760
Speaker 1: go to a truck stop across America's interstates and find

504
00:32:25,600 --> 00:32:31,280
Speaker 1: various things purporting to be legal speed. Uh. The difference

505
00:32:31,320 --> 00:32:38,040
Speaker 1: here is that this was a military condoning it, enforcing

506
00:32:38,040 --> 00:32:42,000
Speaker 1: it in private partnership. The people in charge of private team,

507
00:32:42,000 --> 00:32:45,479
Speaker 1: we're making so much money hand over fist. And one

508
00:32:45,560 --> 00:32:48,080
Speaker 1: of the heartbreaking things about this is that you can

509
00:32:48,160 --> 00:32:52,280
Speaker 1: read letters from the front lines to you know, like

510
00:32:52,520 --> 00:32:56,960
Speaker 1: these are younger soldiers writing to their parents saying, I'm okay,

511
00:32:57,160 --> 00:33:00,000
Speaker 1: you know, war as hell, but here I am. Hey all,

512
00:33:00,080 --> 00:33:03,400
Speaker 1: so could you send me some more of this stuff

513
00:33:03,640 --> 00:33:06,400
Speaker 1: or some money to buy it. We also know from

514
00:33:06,560 --> 00:33:12,320
Speaker 1: nineteen forty two to nineteen Hitler himself was given meth injections.

515
00:33:12,400 --> 00:33:15,080
Speaker 1: This is a fact that many historians have argued contributed

516
00:33:15,160 --> 00:33:19,640
Speaker 1: somewhat to his increasingly erratic behavior over time. Um It's

517
00:33:19,640 --> 00:33:22,800
Speaker 1: also known that he used cocaine and heroin, so he

518
00:33:22,880 --> 00:33:25,680
Speaker 1: was bouncing all over the place with different drugs Yeah,

519
00:33:25,760 --> 00:33:32,320
Speaker 1: his personal doctor has has written proof of something like

520
00:33:32,400 --> 00:33:36,040
Speaker 1: eight hundred plus injections he gave the he gave the guy.

521
00:33:36,200 --> 00:33:39,800
Speaker 1: I'm referring to Aidolf Hitler as the guy. Uh he. Also,

522
00:33:39,960 --> 00:33:43,360
Speaker 1: we also know that there was extensive drug use in

523
00:33:43,560 --> 00:33:48,040
Speaker 1: many of the many of the upper spears of the

524
00:33:48,080 --> 00:33:52,200
Speaker 1: Reich organization. You can read a lot about this in

525
00:33:52,440 --> 00:33:56,480
Speaker 1: a book called Blitz, which will won't mention later and

526
00:33:56,560 --> 00:33:59,800
Speaker 1: further reading. Yeah, but it shows an inside look at

527
00:34:00,560 --> 00:34:06,240
Speaker 1: just how extensive drug use was amongst the Reich. And

528
00:34:06,240 --> 00:34:09,680
Speaker 1: and also in this regard, we have to point out

529
00:34:10,239 --> 00:34:14,920
Speaker 1: that the at least one of the Allied forces, Winston Churchill,

530
00:34:15,800 --> 00:34:21,239
Speaker 1: was off as gore for most most if not all,

531
00:34:21,320 --> 00:34:24,200
Speaker 1: of the war. He was stinking drunk for a lot

532
00:34:24,239 --> 00:34:29,759
Speaker 1: of important moments in world's history. You know, people like,

533
00:34:29,800 --> 00:34:31,799
Speaker 1: I'm not saying he did a bad job, but it

534
00:34:31,960 --> 00:34:35,480
Speaker 1: is ignoring the truth if we ignore that that is

535
00:34:35,520 --> 00:34:39,920
Speaker 1: also a form of drug abuse. Uh So. Finland, for

536
00:34:39,960 --> 00:34:43,239
Speaker 1: the record, also used this stimulant, but as far as

537
00:34:43,320 --> 00:34:47,680
Speaker 1: we know, it was only issued to elite long range commandos.

538
00:34:49,000 --> 00:34:53,280
Speaker 1: Japan was also extensively involved in the use of methamphetamines.

539
00:34:53,400 --> 00:34:57,080
Speaker 1: It was sold under the registered trademark of Philopon by

540
00:34:57,239 --> 00:35:04,080
Speaker 1: a company called Dinepon Pharmaceuticals, and they exist today, by

541
00:35:04,120 --> 00:35:07,440
Speaker 1: the way, under a different name, and estimated one billion

542
00:35:07,520 --> 00:35:11,200
Speaker 1: philip On fills were produced between nineteen thirty nine and

543
00:35:11,320 --> 00:35:17,080
Speaker 1: nineteen forty five. Japan, unlike other countries, supplied this substance

544
00:35:17,120 --> 00:35:20,880
Speaker 1: not just to their military but also to industrial workers.

545
00:35:20,920 --> 00:35:23,799
Speaker 1: So imagine being at a factory and say, hey, you've

546
00:35:23,840 --> 00:35:26,719
Speaker 1: got eight hours, do you want to do twice the

547
00:35:26,760 --> 00:35:30,640
Speaker 1: amount of work? Jeez, just keep going, man, keep going,

548
00:35:30,800 --> 00:35:32,680
Speaker 1: keep going, keep going. And here's when you may have

549
00:35:32,719 --> 00:35:35,800
Speaker 1: heard of. Emphetamine was also given to Allied bomber pilots

550
00:35:35,840 --> 00:35:39,920
Speaker 1: during w W two. The Laurier Military History Archives in Ontario,

551
00:35:40,000 --> 00:35:44,920
Speaker 1: Canada contain records that suggest soldiers um should were recommended.

552
00:35:44,960 --> 00:35:48,040
Speaker 1: They ingest five milligrams to twenty milligrams of benza drine

553
00:35:48,040 --> 00:35:51,040
Speaker 1: sulfe every five to six hours, and it is estimated

554
00:35:51,120 --> 00:35:54,200
Speaker 1: the seventy two million emphetamine tablets were consumed by the

555
00:35:54,200 --> 00:35:58,280
Speaker 1: Allies during World War Two. That is a mountain of speed,

556
00:35:58,480 --> 00:36:04,000
Speaker 1: all in one night. And then paratroopers also were allegedly

557
00:36:04,520 --> 00:36:08,279
Speaker 1: using uh emphetamines during the D Day landings, while U

558
00:36:08,400 --> 00:36:12,520
Speaker 1: S Marines relied on it for the invasion of tarawaw

559
00:36:13,000 --> 00:36:17,959
Speaker 1: in Oh and if it continues today. Actually, I wanted

560
00:36:18,000 --> 00:36:21,080
Speaker 1: to recommend um stuff to blow your mind. Our sister

561
00:36:21,440 --> 00:36:25,600
Speaker 1: podcasts recently did an episode called Combat stems UM. A

562
00:36:25,640 --> 00:36:27,480
Speaker 1: lot of it had to do with some science fiction

563
00:36:27,719 --> 00:36:31,400
Speaker 1: use of drugs and video games like Fallout, the Fallout

564
00:36:31,560 --> 00:36:34,200
Speaker 1: Universe where you have like Jet and Psycho and a

565
00:36:34,200 --> 00:36:37,120
Speaker 1: lot of these kind of fictional drugs that are based

566
00:36:37,120 --> 00:36:40,280
Speaker 1: on real things. But star Crum they got a letter

567
00:36:40,400 --> 00:36:45,240
Speaker 1: from a listener that um who who was who served

568
00:36:45,480 --> 00:36:50,360
Speaker 1: recently overseas, and he said it was a very common

569
00:36:50,400 --> 00:36:55,040
Speaker 1: knowledge that there was plenty of sanctioned use of adderall um,

570
00:36:55,120 --> 00:36:59,120
Speaker 1: which is a form of methamphetamine. It's not really methamphetamy.

571
00:36:59,160 --> 00:37:02,200
Speaker 1: Minutes and analogue would say it has very similar effects

572
00:37:02,360 --> 00:37:05,960
Speaker 1: UM and things just like nicotine for example, is very

573
00:37:06,040 --> 00:37:08,080
Speaker 1: much par for the course. UM. So I recommend you

574
00:37:08,080 --> 00:37:09,440
Speaker 1: guys check out that episode if you want to catch

575
00:37:09,480 --> 00:37:11,680
Speaker 1: a little supplement for some of this stuff. Right, and

576
00:37:11,880 --> 00:37:15,760
Speaker 1: we this brings us to the present. Uh, here's the name.

577
00:37:16,280 --> 00:37:19,440
Speaker 1: One of the common names for the modern day speed

578
00:37:19,880 --> 00:37:22,760
Speaker 1: used by the U S. Army. They're called go pills.

579
00:37:23,360 --> 00:37:26,400
Speaker 1: The U. S. Air Force has pilots, of course, and

580
00:37:26,440 --> 00:37:29,120
Speaker 1: those pilots use amphetamines, and it's one of the most

581
00:37:29,160 --> 00:37:32,840
Speaker 1: widely documented examples of the use of performance enhancing drugs

582
00:37:32,920 --> 00:37:38,200
Speaker 1: by military personnel. Period these uh these individuals are often

583
00:37:38,200 --> 00:37:41,880
Speaker 1: tasked with excessively long missions, some of them might last

584
00:37:42,280 --> 00:37:45,680
Speaker 1: upwards the twenty hours, and d o D scientists began

585
00:37:45,719 --> 00:37:49,040
Speaker 1: to issue what are called dextro amphetamines more commonly known

586
00:37:49,080 --> 00:37:51,160
Speaker 1: as speed but referred to as go pills in the

587
00:37:51,160 --> 00:37:54,400
Speaker 1: Air Force to the pilots to ensure they're alert long

588
00:37:54,520 --> 00:37:59,480
Speaker 1: enough after tiredness and fatigues would have started driving their

589
00:37:59,520 --> 00:38:02,640
Speaker 1: mental form its down. It's like the old thing, did

590
00:38:02,680 --> 00:38:04,120
Speaker 1: you guys ever do this when you were a kid?

591
00:38:04,160 --> 00:38:05,920
Speaker 1: To see? Do you ever see how long you could

592
00:38:05,960 --> 00:38:09,120
Speaker 1: stay awake? I do that still, how long did you

593
00:38:09,160 --> 00:38:12,960
Speaker 1: make it all night? So twenty four hours? Remember staying

594
00:38:13,000 --> 00:38:14,960
Speaker 1: up all night A handful of times where I really

595
00:38:15,000 --> 00:38:17,560
Speaker 1: really tried and felt good about it, like I kind

596
00:38:17,560 --> 00:38:21,840
Speaker 1: of cheated death in some way. My my longest, I think,

597
00:38:22,040 --> 00:38:25,400
Speaker 1: is around thirty seven hours. But then at that point

598
00:38:26,000 --> 00:38:28,240
Speaker 1: there was nothing I could do. But after a certain

599
00:38:28,239 --> 00:38:33,480
Speaker 1: point you begin to hallucinate, us lose dexterity, and I

600
00:38:33,480 --> 00:38:36,279
Speaker 1: would say you lose your mental agility as well. It

601
00:38:36,360 --> 00:38:39,520
Speaker 1: was during the forty film fest when I was in college.

602
00:38:39,719 --> 00:38:41,960
Speaker 1: That's when it happened. I tried to make it forty eight,

603
00:38:42,000 --> 00:38:45,120
Speaker 1: but I could not. Now the what's interesting here is

604
00:38:45,160 --> 00:38:50,040
Speaker 1: that the the Air Force admits prescribing what they call

605
00:38:50,160 --> 00:38:53,640
Speaker 1: small doses of these and similar substances to pilots on

606
00:38:53,719 --> 00:38:57,640
Speaker 1: long range missions. Surveys show that roughly half of American

607
00:38:57,680 --> 00:39:02,480
Speaker 1: fighter pilots took amphetamines during Does Storm. Some commanders were

608
00:39:02,520 --> 00:39:05,360
Speaker 1: so alarmed by the what they saw as a growing

609
00:39:05,400 --> 00:39:08,879
Speaker 1: addiction to the pills that they ordered their subordinates uh

610
00:39:08,960 --> 00:39:12,480
Speaker 1: not to use them. And this this stuff is commonly

611
00:39:12,520 --> 00:39:16,920
Speaker 1: known by its brand name dexadrine. In civilian use, it's

612
00:39:16,960 --> 00:39:21,040
Speaker 1: primarily meant to treat hyperactivity in children and narcilepsy, and

613
00:39:21,200 --> 00:39:24,359
Speaker 1: arcilepsy of course being the being the disorder in which

614
00:39:24,400 --> 00:39:28,399
Speaker 1: patients fall asleep suddenly without warning. The drugs produced by

615
00:39:28,680 --> 00:39:32,240
Speaker 1: Glaxo smith Klein, which is based in the United Kingdom,

616
00:39:32,280 --> 00:39:37,120
Speaker 1: and that name might sound a little bit familiar because

617
00:39:37,120 --> 00:39:42,280
Speaker 1: Glaxo smith Klein is descended from the earlier company Smith,

618
00:39:42,360 --> 00:39:45,400
Speaker 1: Klein and French that we began that we mentioned in

619
00:39:45,520 --> 00:39:54,719
Speaker 1: N four. And the US has a unique history with

620
00:39:54,800 --> 00:39:57,480
Speaker 1: a lot of with a lot of these drugs, just

621
00:39:57,640 --> 00:40:01,560
Speaker 1: because so many wars dry of innovation or drive that

622
00:40:01,800 --> 00:40:06,719
Speaker 1: cycle of trial and error into a at a much

623
00:40:06,760 --> 00:40:11,040
Speaker 1: faster clip. Right, So things that would have taken ten

624
00:40:11,120 --> 00:40:13,200
Speaker 1: years to figure out, take one, Things that would have

625
00:40:13,200 --> 00:40:15,920
Speaker 1: taken a hundred years to figure out, take ten, because

626
00:40:16,120 --> 00:40:19,840
Speaker 1: the you know, the clock is ticking, and we're seeing

627
00:40:20,080 --> 00:40:24,080
Speaker 1: entire nations and cultures pour all of their energy into something.

628
00:40:24,680 --> 00:40:27,759
Speaker 1: According to an author named David Grossman, Vietnam was the

629
00:40:27,800 --> 00:40:31,200
Speaker 1: first war in which the forces of modern pharmacology were

630
00:40:31,239 --> 00:40:37,600
Speaker 1: directed to empower the battlefield soldier. So for the first

631
00:40:37,640 --> 00:40:42,239
Speaker 1: time we talked about speed being prescribed or or mandated

632
00:40:42,280 --> 00:40:44,880
Speaker 1: in World War Two, but for the first time in

633
00:40:44,960 --> 00:40:48,439
Speaker 1: military history in Vietnam, that's the first time we see

634
00:40:48,880 --> 00:40:54,400
Speaker 1: potent antipsychotic drugs being prescribed. And these are things that

635
00:40:54,440 --> 00:40:58,720
Speaker 1: are also manufactured by Glaxo Smith Klient, such as thorazine.

636
00:40:59,480 --> 00:41:02,560
Speaker 1: The mass of use of drugs in Vietnam led to

637
00:41:02,640 --> 00:41:08,480
Speaker 1: crippling UH crippling PTSD, post traumatic stress disorder and addiction

638
00:41:08,680 --> 00:41:12,720
Speaker 1: among veterans, and a lot of this, unfortunately, there's another

639
00:41:12,760 --> 00:41:14,960
Speaker 1: conspiracy here. A lot of it was swept under the

640
00:41:15,040 --> 00:41:18,600
Speaker 1: rug by the US government. And when we say like

641
00:41:18,719 --> 00:41:23,759
Speaker 1: addiction and an epidemic, to use Knowle's earlier term, there

642
00:41:23,760 --> 00:41:29,480
Speaker 1: were veterans that were dying of withdrawal associated symptoms on

643
00:41:29,520 --> 00:41:33,239
Speaker 1: the plane ride back from Vietnam. So imagine your your

644
00:41:33,400 --> 00:41:36,920
Speaker 1: hardcore addicted to a substance. You're on the plane for

645
00:41:37,000 --> 00:41:43,000
Speaker 1: what a thirteen fourteen hour flight. It doesn't it doesn't

646
00:41:43,040 --> 00:41:45,879
Speaker 1: look good. You know, Uh, it's going to be at

647
00:41:46,000 --> 00:41:50,680
Speaker 1: best a very unpleasant experience. Thinking about these antipsychotic drugs,

648
00:41:51,000 --> 00:41:54,520
Speaker 1: I'm imagining everything that we've learned over time about how

649
00:41:55,320 --> 00:41:57,960
Speaker 1: certain drugs that are meant to treat that kind of

650
00:41:58,000 --> 00:42:02,960
Speaker 1: thing or or are anti psychotic, can actually enhance effects

651
00:42:03,080 --> 00:42:09,920
Speaker 1: of feeling depressed or um can exhibit violent behaviors and

652
00:42:10,000 --> 00:42:12,839
Speaker 1: that kind of thing. And I'm just imagining, in the

653
00:42:12,880 --> 00:42:15,960
Speaker 1: context of the Vietnam War, if those drugs actually had

654
00:42:16,000 --> 00:42:20,479
Speaker 1: any effect, and I'm going to look more into that. Yeah, well,

655
00:42:20,520 --> 00:42:26,760
Speaker 1: we know that it did promote a huge, huge jump

656
00:42:26,960 --> 00:42:30,319
Speaker 1: in usage of these drugs. They were freely available. You

657
00:42:30,360 --> 00:42:33,280
Speaker 1: know this is near. This is near one of the

658
00:42:33,440 --> 00:42:37,880
Speaker 1: epicenters of heroin and opium production where this war occurs,

659
00:42:38,719 --> 00:42:42,080
Speaker 1: and of course use of methamphetamine is also present there.

660
00:42:43,680 --> 00:42:48,719
Speaker 1: But these uses of drugs were not restricted to wartime

661
00:42:48,840 --> 00:42:52,840
Speaker 1: events or front of line front of line phenomena. We

662
00:42:52,960 --> 00:42:59,799
Speaker 1: also know that various militaries, various governments have an extensive,

663
00:43:00,000 --> 00:43:06,880
Speaker 1: an unfortunate history of conducting experiments on civilians and on soldiers,

664
00:43:06,920 --> 00:43:18,359
Speaker 1: and we will get into that immediately after another quick break. So,

665
00:43:18,440 --> 00:43:20,960
Speaker 1: for two decades during the Cold War, the U. S.

666
00:43:21,080 --> 00:43:24,800
Speaker 1: Army tested chemical weapons on American soldiers at a place

667
00:43:24,800 --> 00:43:28,480
Speaker 1: called Edgewood Arsenal, which was a secluded research facility on

668
00:43:28,560 --> 00:43:31,840
Speaker 1: the Chesapeake Bay where thousands of men were recruited to

669
00:43:31,960 --> 00:43:36,440
Speaker 1: volunteer um and were exposed to chemicals ranging from mustard gas,

670
00:43:36,800 --> 00:43:42,880
Speaker 1: saren gas, LSD PCP, just a boatload of psychotropic and

671
00:43:42,880 --> 00:43:46,040
Speaker 1: pharmaceutical substances. So at the center of all this was

672
00:43:46,080 --> 00:43:50,000
Speaker 1: a man named Colonel James Ketchum who was conducting the experiments,

673
00:43:50,200 --> 00:43:53,640
Speaker 1: uh specifically one with a drug called b z um.

674
00:43:53,760 --> 00:43:58,720
Speaker 1: The Arsenal's chief scientist, Dr Van Murray sim instigated a

675
00:43:58,800 --> 00:44:06,560
Speaker 1: whole bad ry of overseas practical experiments in which LSD

676
00:44:06,760 --> 00:44:11,399
Speaker 1: was tested and enhanced interrogation. That should probably that as

677
00:44:11,400 --> 00:44:16,960
Speaker 1: well on poor on helpless, unwitting subjects. Yeah, and just

678
00:44:17,000 --> 00:44:21,400
Speaker 1: to note b Z might be unfamiliar to some of us,

679
00:44:21,480 --> 00:44:23,839
Speaker 1: was unfamiliar to us when we were first looking into this.

680
00:44:24,760 --> 00:44:31,040
Speaker 1: It's real name is three quino cladonal benzolate. Uh. It

681
00:44:31,239 --> 00:44:35,480
Speaker 1: is a It was called substance seventy eight by the

682
00:44:35,520 --> 00:44:39,080
Speaker 1: Soviet army and which is probably my favorite name there. Uh.

683
00:44:39,200 --> 00:44:43,920
Speaker 1: It is a compound related to atropine, scope al amine

684
00:44:44,080 --> 00:44:48,080
Speaker 1: or a couple other deliriums. And the effects that I

685
00:44:48,160 --> 00:44:57,239
Speaker 1: have are inducing stupor confusion, illusions, hallucination, uh, and just

686
00:44:57,360 --> 00:45:01,600
Speaker 1: absolute madness. It's it's not a to put in somebody's

687
00:45:01,760 --> 00:45:08,200
Speaker 1: coffee and a surprise which we're actually gonna get to

688
00:45:08,239 --> 00:45:10,759
Speaker 1: something kind of like that very soon after. We talk

689
00:45:10,800 --> 00:45:16,920
Speaker 1: about captagon, which is a I guess it's pretty it's

690
00:45:16,960 --> 00:45:21,200
Speaker 1: like speed It's pretty much a speed um and we've

691
00:45:21,200 --> 00:45:26,279
Speaker 1: seen its use in especially in Syria. This comes from

692
00:45:26,280 --> 00:45:31,560
Speaker 1: Al Jazeera from a recent article from in November. Middle

693
00:45:31,600 --> 00:45:33,880
Speaker 1: Eastern conflicts have seen an increase in the rise of

694
00:45:33,920 --> 00:45:38,840
Speaker 1: captagon and amphetamine that's allegedly fueling serious civil war. Last November,

695
00:45:40,000 --> 00:45:43,160
Speaker 1: eleven million pills were seized by Turkish officials at the

696
00:45:43,200 --> 00:45:47,600
Speaker 1: Syrian Turkish border, while this April one point five million.

697
00:45:47,719 --> 00:45:51,399
Speaker 1: We're seasoned in Kuwait, and there's this BBC documentary called

698
00:45:51,480 --> 00:45:56,640
Speaker 1: Syria's War Drug that was in September, and if if

699
00:45:56,680 --> 00:45:59,359
Speaker 1: you watch that, I would say, if you can find it,

700
00:45:59,400 --> 00:46:02,480
Speaker 1: you should watch chip. But there's one user of this

701
00:46:02,520 --> 00:46:05,560
Speaker 1: drug who was saying, quote, there was no fear anymore

702
00:46:05,600 --> 00:46:08,800
Speaker 1: when I took Captain on. You can't sleep or close

703
00:46:08,880 --> 00:46:12,080
Speaker 1: your eyes forget about it. So this is a drug

704
00:46:12,160 --> 00:46:15,279
Speaker 1: that would just keep you going no matter what. At

705
00:46:15,280 --> 00:46:17,480
Speaker 1: all times, you're going to be aware, at least somewhat

706
00:46:17,520 --> 00:46:20,840
Speaker 1: aware of your surroundings. Either of you watch Jessica Jones,

707
00:46:21,080 --> 00:46:25,240
Speaker 1: remember the character who was on some sort of experimental

708
00:46:25,320 --> 00:46:29,080
Speaker 1: drug based on Nuke from the comic book, right right,

709
00:46:29,080 --> 00:46:31,880
Speaker 1: But like it seems like this was in that vein

710
00:46:31,960 --> 00:46:34,800
Speaker 1: where it sort of caused him to just go almost

711
00:46:34,800 --> 00:46:36,920
Speaker 1: as though he were like a sleeper agent all of

712
00:46:36,960 --> 00:46:40,040
Speaker 1: a sudden go into just berserker mode where he had

713
00:46:40,080 --> 00:46:43,160
Speaker 1: no fear and felt no pain and only wanted to kill,

714
00:46:43,880 --> 00:46:47,960
Speaker 1: and people say that there's a I guess the best

715
00:46:47,960 --> 00:46:50,239
Speaker 1: way to say it is that this popped up in

716
00:46:50,280 --> 00:46:53,040
Speaker 1: the news recently and by recently with me a few

717
00:46:53,080 --> 00:46:56,560
Speaker 1: years ago where there were you would read stories of

718
00:46:56,719 --> 00:47:02,040
Speaker 1: you know, like the Middle Eastern officials private plane detained

719
00:47:02,080 --> 00:47:07,320
Speaker 1: with thousands of Captagon pills. And Captagon is a brand

720
00:47:07,400 --> 00:47:11,880
Speaker 1: name for finn Athyline. And this the way Captagon works

721
00:47:12,360 --> 00:47:15,920
Speaker 1: is that it's a combination accord. This is according to

722
00:47:16,160 --> 00:47:20,280
Speaker 1: Nicholas Rasmussen, who's professor of History and Philosophy of Science

723
00:47:20,360 --> 00:47:23,920
Speaker 1: at uh New South Wales in Australia. You say, Captagon

724
00:47:24,080 --> 00:47:27,760
Speaker 1: is really a combination of two drugs, theophiline and emphetamine.

725
00:47:28,040 --> 00:47:30,319
Speaker 1: Instead of combination is inactive in the body, but when

726
00:47:30,320 --> 00:47:33,680
Speaker 1: the body breaks down into the two components, each part

727
00:47:33,760 --> 00:47:41,320
Speaker 1: becomes active. So Captagon is relatively mild in the world

728
00:47:41,520 --> 00:47:46,120
Speaker 1: of emphetamines. And some people, including Professor of Psychology and

729
00:47:46,160 --> 00:47:49,960
Speaker 1: Psychiatry Carl Hart at Columbia University, went so far as

730
00:47:50,000 --> 00:47:55,359
Speaker 1: to call it an inferior phetamine amphetamine. So they say that,

731
00:47:55,440 --> 00:48:01,040
Speaker 1: like adderall, captagon was once used to treat behavioral problem

732
00:48:01,080 --> 00:48:06,720
Speaker 1: but it is definitely seen as a performance enhancing drug.

733
00:48:07,080 --> 00:48:09,200
Speaker 1: People also say abuse of it has been a problem

734
00:48:09,200 --> 00:48:12,560
Speaker 1: in Saudi Arabia for over a decade. It's it's big

735
00:48:12,600 --> 00:48:17,120
Speaker 1: in the Middle East, and we know that this use

736
00:48:17,280 --> 00:48:20,440
Speaker 1: is is probably going to continue. If people own the

737
00:48:20,560 --> 00:48:26,799
Speaker 1: means to manufacture it and it's seen as providing uh

738
00:48:26,840 --> 00:48:29,840
Speaker 1: someone an edge when they're when they're fighting in battle,

739
00:48:30,160 --> 00:48:36,480
Speaker 1: then by wouldn't they continue using it? I don't see why.

740
00:48:36,840 --> 00:48:40,000
Speaker 1: And we have another of course, we have a should

741
00:48:40,040 --> 00:48:44,360
Speaker 1: we call this the honorable mention or human experimentation emeritus

742
00:48:44,400 --> 00:48:46,960
Speaker 1: as far as drugs go, I like it. You're talking

743
00:48:46,960 --> 00:48:52,360
Speaker 1: about Ultra MK Ultra and all the other experiments that

744
00:48:52,440 --> 00:48:55,239
Speaker 1: went on around that time, all the operations over the

745
00:48:55,320 --> 00:48:59,160
Speaker 1: other ones Artichoke. I can't remember the list of them,

746
00:48:59,160 --> 00:49:03,400
Speaker 1: but there's there's a host of Mockingbird I think was

747
00:49:03,480 --> 00:49:08,560
Speaker 1: one of CIA operations that we're dealing with testing out

748
00:49:08,640 --> 00:49:10,960
Speaker 1: drugs and what we can do with these from an

749
00:49:10,960 --> 00:49:15,640
Speaker 1: intelligence perspective, right to see if they could if they

750
00:49:15,680 --> 00:49:21,239
Speaker 1: could create Manchurian candidates or sleeper agents, or if they

751
00:49:21,280 --> 00:49:26,839
Speaker 1: could create a truth serra for interrogations, if they could

752
00:49:26,880 --> 00:49:29,640
Speaker 1: mess with people's memories, and it is as we know

753
00:49:30,200 --> 00:49:37,399
Speaker 1: disturbingly possible to manipulate a person's memories, especially because they're

754
00:49:37,480 --> 00:49:39,720
Speaker 1: using the whole host of drugs they were testing pretty

755
00:49:39,800 --> 00:49:41,520
Speaker 1: much everything. One of the things they did that I

756
00:49:41,520 --> 00:49:46,120
Speaker 1: thought was really disturbing was forced morphine addiction and then

757
00:49:46,200 --> 00:49:50,440
Speaker 1: forced withdrawal, so to see the effect it would have

758
00:49:50,520 --> 00:49:54,760
Speaker 1: on someone who is a POW or something. They would

759
00:49:54,840 --> 00:50:01,080
Speaker 1: forcibly addict subject to morphine and then they would forcibly, uh,

760
00:50:01,239 --> 00:50:03,240
Speaker 1: you know, once they got them to the addiction stage,

761
00:50:03,239 --> 00:50:06,040
Speaker 1: would forcibly not give them any And I believe that,

762
00:50:06,840 --> 00:50:09,520
Speaker 1: I believe that morphine is one of those drugs where

763
00:50:09,560 --> 00:50:13,799
Speaker 1: the withdrawal symptoms alone can actually take your life. Is

764
00:50:13,840 --> 00:50:19,640
Speaker 1: that correct? I don't know. I mean, it's my understanding

765
00:50:19,680 --> 00:50:25,840
Speaker 1: that very very intense opium opiates rather withdrawals can cause

766
00:50:25,920 --> 00:50:29,759
Speaker 1: you to, you know, experience cardiac arrest or you can

767
00:50:30,040 --> 00:50:33,880
Speaker 1: you know, have trouble breathing and things like And this

768
00:50:33,880 --> 00:50:39,719
Speaker 1: this also involved you know, tricking people into having bad trips.

769
00:50:40,320 --> 00:50:44,600
Speaker 1: LSD famously, right and famously that's one of the only

770
00:50:45,040 --> 00:50:51,160
Speaker 1: documented m K ultra deaths. Allegedly again, the only documented

771
00:50:51,200 --> 00:50:55,920
Speaker 1: one is someone who while on LSD, jumped through a

772
00:50:55,920 --> 00:50:58,040
Speaker 1: window to their death. And we still haven't done a

773
00:50:58,040 --> 00:51:02,279
Speaker 1: full episode on this we on mk Ultra have we not?

774
00:51:02,960 --> 00:51:05,359
Speaker 1: I feel like we haven't. I don't know where if

775
00:51:05,400 --> 00:51:08,200
Speaker 1: we have not, we're going to Okay. It's just mk

776
00:51:08,360 --> 00:51:12,000
Speaker 1: ulture is seems to cast its shadow over so much stuff.

777
00:51:12,040 --> 00:51:15,719
Speaker 1: Whenever ever we get into this sort of water, this

778
00:51:15,880 --> 00:51:19,239
Speaker 1: murky water, it feels like mk ulture has just always

779
00:51:19,239 --> 00:51:21,680
Speaker 1: sort of been here with us. Yeah, and it's real.

780
00:51:22,160 --> 00:51:23,960
Speaker 1: It's real. By the way, if anyone ever tells you

781
00:51:24,040 --> 00:51:27,480
Speaker 1: that the experimentation done by the CIA with these drugs

782
00:51:27,560 --> 00:51:29,880
Speaker 1: is not real, UH, you can send them some to

783
00:51:30,040 --> 00:51:34,080
Speaker 1: some documentation that shows that it is, UH, including including

784
00:51:34,160 --> 00:51:39,040
Speaker 1: Artichoke and some f oy A documents that were released

785
00:51:39,400 --> 00:51:44,680
Speaker 1: that stands for Freedom of Information Act. Now we cast

786
00:51:44,719 --> 00:51:49,240
Speaker 1: our gaze to the future. So it's surprises some people

787
00:51:49,480 --> 00:51:52,520
Speaker 1: who have not had a relative in the military or

788
00:51:52,560 --> 00:51:56,200
Speaker 1: themselves been an active I've been an active member of

789
00:51:56,239 --> 00:51:59,120
Speaker 1: the military. It's it can be surprising to learn that

790
00:51:59,800 --> 00:52:03,719
Speaker 1: the use of drugs that would get people arrested on

791
00:52:03,760 --> 00:52:08,680
Speaker 1: the streets of the country. You're they're defending, uh, our

792
00:52:08,800 --> 00:52:11,400
Speaker 1: par for the course when they're out there on the

793
00:52:11,440 --> 00:52:17,920
Speaker 1: front lines. But this isn't just a past to the

794
00:52:18,000 --> 00:52:24,320
Speaker 1: present thing. This is not a plateauing phenomenon. Instead, if anything,

795
00:52:24,800 --> 00:52:30,280
Speaker 1: it's kicking into overdrive thanks to research by various think

796
00:52:30,280 --> 00:52:33,160
Speaker 1: tanks across the world. In the US, of course, we

797
00:52:33,239 --> 00:52:38,560
Speaker 1: have the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency better known as DARPA,

798
00:52:38,680 --> 00:52:42,759
Speaker 1: and DARPA is pushing us closer and closer towards the

799
00:52:42,760 --> 00:52:47,640
Speaker 1: creation of a genuine super soldier. Yeah. In two thousand four,

800
00:52:47,680 --> 00:52:51,640
Speaker 1: the Peak Soldier Performance Program looked for a quote biochemical

801
00:52:51,640 --> 00:52:54,400
Speaker 1: approach that would allow a soldier to operate in theater

802
00:52:54,680 --> 00:52:58,040
Speaker 1: for up to five days without requiring sustenance. In pursuit

803
00:52:58,080 --> 00:53:02,080
Speaker 1: of this, no stone or genome has left unturned. Yeah,

804
00:53:02,120 --> 00:53:04,640
Speaker 1: and that's a that's a statement from some of the

805
00:53:04,800 --> 00:53:09,760
Speaker 1: folks who were liaising with the Pentagon and with DARPA.

806
00:53:09,880 --> 00:53:16,240
Speaker 1: There there has been extensive research into a life without sleep.

807
00:53:16,760 --> 00:53:21,120
Speaker 1: We know that nature approaches sleep in in many different ways.

808
00:53:21,280 --> 00:53:25,280
Speaker 1: You know, uh, predators tend to sleep more than pray.

809
00:53:26,280 --> 00:53:28,759
Speaker 1: Certain animals are only awake at certain times a day,

810
00:53:28,840 --> 00:53:30,839
Speaker 1: or most active at certain times a day or night.

811
00:53:31,400 --> 00:53:34,439
Speaker 1: We know that some marine mammals sleep in a very

812
00:53:34,520 --> 00:53:40,440
Speaker 1: different way in comparison to terrestrial mammals, So DARPA and

813
00:53:40,680 --> 00:53:44,920
Speaker 1: various projects sponsored by a spearheaded or assisted by DARPA

814
00:53:45,040 --> 00:53:48,480
Speaker 1: have dug into both of these things. Is there a

815
00:53:48,520 --> 00:53:52,239
Speaker 1: way to create human process to turn off part of

816
00:53:52,239 --> 00:53:55,560
Speaker 1: the brain to sleep the way that a dolphin would sleep,

817
00:53:55,560 --> 00:53:58,839
Speaker 1: for instance, or a cephalopod? Or is there a way

818
00:53:58,880 --> 00:54:02,799
Speaker 1: to take an anti urcalepsi drug like mota finil and

819
00:54:03,040 --> 00:54:08,120
Speaker 1: turn it into uh pill you take that makes you

820
00:54:08,200 --> 00:54:10,879
Speaker 1: never have to sleep again without racking up sleep debt.

821
00:54:11,040 --> 00:54:14,040
Speaker 1: You can read a pretty interesting article on the fight

822
00:54:14,160 --> 00:54:18,400
Speaker 1: against sleep over at our parent website, how stuff Works

823
00:54:18,760 --> 00:54:25,919
Speaker 1: dot com. And this this search continues today because at

824
00:54:25,960 --> 00:54:31,600
Speaker 1: this point, um we we see two concurrent branches of research.

825
00:54:31,920 --> 00:54:35,120
Speaker 1: One is how do we make someone who doesn't need

826
00:54:35,200 --> 00:54:37,440
Speaker 1: to sleep? And the other one is how do we

827
00:54:37,480 --> 00:54:41,040
Speaker 1: make some thing that doesn't need to sleep? So like

828
00:54:41,120 --> 00:54:46,760
Speaker 1: a drone or an automated robot. At different times, Matt

829
00:54:46,800 --> 00:54:50,439
Speaker 1: and Nolan I have hung out and just watched pick

830
00:54:50,800 --> 00:54:56,040
Speaker 1: watch video clips of Darper robots which are stranger and

831
00:54:56,120 --> 00:54:58,720
Speaker 1: stranger and stranger. I like the ones where they slip

832
00:54:58,719 --> 00:55:05,000
Speaker 1: on bananappeals. Uh, you know, there's one that really disturbed me,

833
00:55:05,120 --> 00:55:07,719
Speaker 1: which I don't think was DARPA, but it was a

834
00:55:07,840 --> 00:55:12,480
Speaker 1: robot that was, you know, exhibiting walking and negotiating obstacles,

835
00:55:12,680 --> 00:55:15,600
Speaker 1: and the entire video was just this human who was

836
00:55:15,800 --> 00:55:19,080
Speaker 1: like pushing them down and throwing stuff at them. Was

837
00:55:19,120 --> 00:55:22,600
Speaker 1: a Boston Dynamics robot, which is now owned by Alphabet

838
00:55:23,040 --> 00:55:28,400
Speaker 1: no Man, the parent company of Google. Huh Alphabet uh

839
00:55:28,480 --> 00:55:33,200
Speaker 1: well Uh. DARPA has also done research on a pain vaccine.

840
00:55:33,680 --> 00:55:36,440
Speaker 1: This comes from a popular mechanics story. The idea is

841
00:55:36,520 --> 00:55:40,399
Speaker 1: that when injected with the vaccine, Let's say, let's say

842
00:55:40,400 --> 00:55:43,560
Speaker 1: I'm a soldier on the front line, I get shot

843
00:55:44,719 --> 00:55:47,760
Speaker 1: in the gut. You know that's an ugly dirty way

844
00:55:47,800 --> 00:55:52,120
Speaker 1: to go, right, Um, unless I get immediate medical attention. Uh,

845
00:55:52,160 --> 00:55:54,960
Speaker 1: So they inject me with a vaccine because there's so

846
00:55:55,080 --> 00:56:02,080
Speaker 1: much pain. The immediate agony not only disappears, but apparently

847
00:56:02,160 --> 00:56:06,839
Speaker 1: for a month that I would not feel pain for

848
00:56:06,880 --> 00:56:10,680
Speaker 1: thirty days. It would be like it wouldn't register. Now.

849
00:56:10,719 --> 00:56:16,200
Speaker 1: You would still have the instinctual reactions of painful situations,

850
00:56:16,280 --> 00:56:19,359
Speaker 1: Like if all three of us had that vaccine now

851
00:56:19,520 --> 00:56:22,600
Speaker 1: and we touched a stove that was on our hands,

852
00:56:22,600 --> 00:56:28,960
Speaker 1: would immediately recoil away. We just wouldn't feel burned though. Obviously,

853
00:56:28,960 --> 00:56:33,080
Speaker 1: though there's you still would have the issues associated with

854
00:56:33,120 --> 00:56:35,880
Speaker 1: being badly burned, right, you know, you could get an infection.

855
00:56:36,400 --> 00:56:38,120
Speaker 1: There's any number of things that could happen though, and

856
00:56:38,160 --> 00:56:43,040
Speaker 1: this isn't always you know not. Pain is ultimately a

857
00:56:43,040 --> 00:56:45,239
Speaker 1: a resource for us to allow us to know that

858
00:56:45,239 --> 00:56:47,040
Speaker 1: that we are messed up and we need to seek

859
00:56:47,080 --> 00:56:51,840
Speaker 1: medical attention. If you lack that, you could certainly be

860
00:56:52,000 --> 00:56:54,240
Speaker 1: nursing a wound that you wouldn't know much about and

861
00:56:54,280 --> 00:56:57,400
Speaker 1: not get it looked at, and possibly get sepsis or

862
00:56:57,400 --> 00:57:00,600
Speaker 1: something and die. Yeah, exactly. That's that's in the dangerous

863
00:57:00,640 --> 00:57:05,680
Speaker 1: parts because this is meant to prolong fighting ability, which

864
00:57:05,760 --> 00:57:10,680
Speaker 1: means that yeah, somebody horrifically burned would keep fighting, but

865
00:57:10,760 --> 00:57:15,120
Speaker 1: their body wouldn't enter shocked to save them, so they

866
00:57:15,120 --> 00:57:21,640
Speaker 1: would just eventually die without feeling bad. That's I mean,

867
00:57:21,680 --> 00:57:24,280
Speaker 1: that's the potential. It's not there yet, but that's the potential,

868
00:57:25,120 --> 00:57:27,960
Speaker 1: or we don't know if it's there yet because the

869
00:57:28,040 --> 00:57:31,080
Speaker 1: only things that we hear about are the unclassified research.

870
00:57:32,160 --> 00:57:36,680
Speaker 1: Another thing is, you know how bears hibernate, different animals hibernate.

871
00:57:37,240 --> 00:57:39,360
Speaker 1: What if people could do that. What if what if

872
00:57:39,360 --> 00:57:44,200
Speaker 1: if someone's wounded, has uh an egregious wound, what if

873
00:57:44,560 --> 00:57:51,040
Speaker 1: the doctors could just chemically induce hibernation and like suspended

874
00:57:51,160 --> 00:57:56,320
Speaker 1: animation of sorts hyper sleep, Yeah, and then just bring

875
00:57:56,320 --> 00:57:59,840
Speaker 1: them back, uh bring them, bring them back when they're

876
00:58:00,040 --> 00:58:05,480
Speaker 1: in a operating theater and you know, conduct the surgery

877
00:58:05,560 --> 00:58:08,040
Speaker 1: to save their life. The idea here is almost the

878
00:58:08,080 --> 00:58:10,600
Speaker 1: opposite to keep them fighting. It's put them on ice

879
00:58:12,000 --> 00:58:15,840
Speaker 1: through the use of hydrogen sulfide and blood removal to

880
00:58:15,960 --> 00:58:19,640
Speaker 1: extend the golden period after an injury, like stopping their

881
00:58:19,680 --> 00:58:22,760
Speaker 1: heart from beating, but somehow they're still alive so that

882
00:58:22,800 --> 00:58:25,920
Speaker 1: their wound doesn't continue to bleed out? Is that the idea?

883
00:58:25,960 --> 00:58:29,000
Speaker 1: I guess Well, now, Matt, I've never actually done it.

884
00:58:29,640 --> 00:58:35,280
Speaker 1: I'm just saying it's just that's that's incredible. And then

885
00:58:35,520 --> 00:58:38,760
Speaker 1: further future of pharmacology stuff that would be virtual reality,

886
00:58:38,840 --> 00:58:43,600
Speaker 1: augmented reality with focus drugs, so there's still speed equivalents,

887
00:58:43,680 --> 00:58:45,960
Speaker 1: but then there's also technology and erring in there, like

888
00:58:46,040 --> 00:58:52,320
Speaker 1: transcranial direct simulation shocking your brain to make you think better.

889
00:58:55,080 --> 00:58:58,480
Speaker 1: We know also that I know we're picking on the

890
00:58:58,600 --> 00:59:01,760
Speaker 1: US a lot. Here, it's just the US tends to

891
00:59:01,760 --> 00:59:05,040
Speaker 1: have the best documentation of this. In recent years. We

892
00:59:05,120 --> 00:59:09,520
Speaker 1: know that other institutions and other global militaries are conducting

893
00:59:09,840 --> 00:59:13,560
Speaker 1: similar experiences. Both Russia and China are believed to be

894
00:59:13,600 --> 00:59:20,800
Speaker 1: experimenting with performance enhancing drugs and other techniques, including genetic modification. However,

895
00:59:21,400 --> 00:59:24,640
Speaker 1: at this point, aside from statements from Pentagon officials, there's

896
00:59:24,840 --> 00:59:28,720
Speaker 1: very little in the way of substantive proof, so we

897
00:59:29,040 --> 00:59:32,200
Speaker 1: don't know how much they are or are not doing.

898
00:59:32,600 --> 00:59:36,000
Speaker 1: And people will, you know, raise some pitchforks and torches

899
00:59:36,040 --> 00:59:39,200
Speaker 1: over Crisper, but Crisper's not there yet. Crisper has the

900
00:59:39,200 --> 00:59:45,600
Speaker 1: potential two be the dystopian gatica s thing people fear,

901
00:59:45,720 --> 00:59:49,440
Speaker 1: but it hasn't happened yet. And then, of course in

902
00:59:49,480 --> 00:59:54,280
Speaker 1: the corporate world there's cocaine, alcohol, and Adderall. I had

903
00:59:54,320 --> 00:59:56,320
Speaker 1: a little something to say by Adderall. There was a

904
00:59:56,400 --> 00:59:59,080
Speaker 1: study published, um I want to say it was this

905
00:59:59,160 --> 01:00:03,200
Speaker 1: year by Dr All Heart, who's a neuropsychopharmacologist UH at

906
01:00:03,200 --> 01:00:07,480
Speaker 1: Columbia University, and his career has mainly been dedicated to

907
01:00:07,520 --> 01:00:11,920
Speaker 1: studying the effects of drugs, um and drug policy on

908
01:00:11,960 --> 01:00:15,920
Speaker 1: the public and really focusing on trying to put an

909
01:00:16,000 --> 01:00:19,520
Speaker 1: end to what's been deemed the war on drugs um

910
01:00:19,600 --> 01:00:25,160
Speaker 1: and in US. This study he basically determined that um adderall,

911
01:00:26,000 --> 01:00:30,480
Speaker 1: it's very very very very very similar um effects wise

912
01:00:30,680 --> 01:00:36,080
Speaker 1: to methamphetamine. And anyone you know who's an adult who

913
01:00:36,080 --> 01:00:39,800
Speaker 1: has prescribed adderall, if you know anything about the effects

914
01:00:39,880 --> 01:00:43,800
Speaker 1: of speed, I think it's not too much of a

915
01:00:43,840 --> 01:00:46,560
Speaker 1: stretch to say that adderall is definitely a form of speed,

916
01:00:46,760 --> 01:00:49,360
Speaker 1: and it is still to this day prescribed to kids

917
01:00:49,480 --> 01:00:52,520
Speaker 1: for um, you know, a d h D. And I

918
01:00:52,600 --> 01:00:56,360
Speaker 1: don't know. I just think it's an interesting cultural disconnect

919
01:00:56,360 --> 01:00:58,920
Speaker 1: that we have when we have this war on drugs,

920
01:00:59,000 --> 01:01:03,560
Speaker 1: where we are are, you know, throwing grenades into baby's

921
01:01:03,640 --> 01:01:07,800
Speaker 1: cribs in the hopes of you know, catching some meth dealers, um,

922
01:01:07,880 --> 01:01:12,040
Speaker 1: and yet we're feeding you know, school kids these very

923
01:01:12,080 --> 01:01:18,160
Speaker 1: powerful prescription upperst Really, that's a great point, and it

924
01:01:18,200 --> 01:01:22,200
Speaker 1: goes the same way with any psychoactive substance. Like remember

925
01:01:22,400 --> 01:01:27,400
Speaker 1: the days when it became popular to prescribe riddling lithium,

926
01:01:27,520 --> 01:01:32,320
Speaker 1: zoloft and things like that to kids. There's some damaging

927
01:01:32,360 --> 01:01:36,200
Speaker 1: effects that's still a serious issue, not necessarily with those

928
01:01:36,440 --> 01:01:40,720
Speaker 1: specific drugs. But anti psychotics with children is a big

929
01:01:40,720 --> 01:01:42,760
Speaker 1: deal currently. Well, I mean not only that, I'm not

930
01:01:42,760 --> 01:01:44,640
Speaker 1: trying to get on a high horse here, and everyone

931
01:01:44,680 --> 01:01:47,160
Speaker 1: has their opinions as far as like Eastern versus Western

932
01:01:47,200 --> 01:01:50,280
Speaker 1: medicine and and you know, whatever it takes to get

933
01:01:50,320 --> 01:01:53,560
Speaker 1: someone well, I understand the desire to want to find

934
01:01:53,600 --> 01:01:56,960
Speaker 1: that thing, but I just, you know, it's so easy

935
01:01:57,520 --> 01:01:59,959
Speaker 1: just by telling a doctor that you're experiencing a little

936
01:02:00,000 --> 01:02:04,760
Speaker 1: a a stress, you know, he'll offer you um valium,

937
01:02:04,800 --> 01:02:07,280
Speaker 1: you know, without you having to twist his arm at all.

938
01:02:07,320 --> 01:02:09,400
Speaker 1: I mean, it's just depends on the doctor obviously, but

939
01:02:09,480 --> 01:02:12,440
Speaker 1: that is definitely part of our culture. And I think

940
01:02:12,440 --> 01:02:14,880
Speaker 1: a lot of that is tied to our kind of

941
01:02:15,280 --> 01:02:19,240
Speaker 1: you know, marriage to the pharma pharmaceutical industry, and I

942
01:02:19,280 --> 01:02:23,480
Speaker 1: just I think it's not quite the way it should be.

943
01:02:23,680 --> 01:02:26,240
Speaker 1: It's it's very interesting and you know, and and when

944
01:02:26,240 --> 01:02:28,840
Speaker 1: you look at it, the villains of this conversation about

945
01:02:28,960 --> 01:02:33,560
Speaker 1: you know, using drugs um for military purposes and how

946
01:02:34,000 --> 01:02:38,640
Speaker 1: this attitude goes, you know, infiltrates up to the highest

947
01:02:38,720 --> 01:02:42,440
Speaker 1: levels of our government and bureaucracy in the military. I

948
01:02:42,480 --> 01:02:45,160
Speaker 1: just think it is kind of a systemic problem. That

949
01:02:45,200 --> 01:02:51,040
Speaker 1: we need to address. Yeah, and it's also it's common

950
01:02:51,280 --> 01:03:00,800
Speaker 1: throughout demographics, throughout creeds, throughout genders, throughout socio economic status.

951
01:03:01,400 --> 01:03:04,440
Speaker 1: In the world of academia, of course, there was a

952
01:03:04,440 --> 01:03:09,040
Speaker 1: study that found a quarter of undergraduate students that sounds

953
01:03:09,080 --> 01:03:12,600
Speaker 1: so high, right one and four are are on at

954
01:03:12,640 --> 01:03:15,280
Speaker 1: a ROLL or on some other performance enhancing thing. And

955
01:03:15,360 --> 01:03:18,280
Speaker 1: then a lot of professors or professional instructors apparently are

956
01:03:18,320 --> 01:03:20,640
Speaker 1: on it as well. And that's not even mentioned. New

957
01:03:20,640 --> 01:03:25,840
Speaker 1: tropics are the so called smart drugs. We we're gonna

958
01:03:25,880 --> 01:03:29,680
Speaker 1: have to end it here, I think UH in our examination,

959
01:03:29,720 --> 01:03:32,320
Speaker 1: but we want to end it with some further reading

960
01:03:32,600 --> 01:03:35,600
Speaker 1: to recommend. If you'd like to delve into this. There's

961
01:03:35,600 --> 01:03:38,480
Speaker 1: an excellent book called Blitz by Norman Ohler, which is

962
01:03:38,520 --> 01:03:42,440
Speaker 1: about the drug use, the prevalence of drug use, one

963
01:03:42,480 --> 01:03:45,640
Speaker 1: should say, in the German side of World War two.

964
01:03:46,200 --> 01:03:49,840
Speaker 1: Another book on killing by David Grossman. That's where you'll

965
01:03:49,880 --> 01:03:54,880
Speaker 1: find some more information about pharmacology and Vietnam UH. And

966
01:03:54,960 --> 01:03:59,400
Speaker 1: instead of doing a shout out corner today, guys, what

967
01:03:59,520 --> 01:04:03,000
Speaker 1: if we you a call for stories for people who

968
01:04:03,000 --> 01:04:08,200
Speaker 1: have had experience with UH, with the state sanctioned use

969
01:04:08,280 --> 01:04:13,840
Speaker 1: of performance enhancing substances in the military, whether you are

970
01:04:13,920 --> 01:04:17,640
Speaker 1: a US citizen or it's in another military from a

971
01:04:17,680 --> 01:04:20,240
Speaker 1: different part of the world. We'd like to hear your story,

972
01:04:20,720 --> 01:04:23,520
Speaker 1: and do not worry. We will not reveal your name

973
01:04:23,680 --> 01:04:26,080
Speaker 1: or rank or anything like that. If you want to

974
01:04:26,080 --> 01:04:28,880
Speaker 1: talk to us about something, uh, don't be afraid of that.

975
01:04:29,400 --> 01:04:33,600
Speaker 1: We we appreciate your privacy. Let us know your story.

976
01:04:33,720 --> 01:04:36,800
Speaker 1: As Matt said, we will protect your anonymity. Let us

977
01:04:36,840 --> 01:04:40,200
Speaker 1: also know, and you don't have to only be in

978
01:04:40,240 --> 01:04:42,560
Speaker 1: the military to write us. Let us also know if

979
01:04:42,640 --> 01:04:45,800
Speaker 1: you have an idea for an upcoming topic, something we

980
01:04:45,840 --> 01:04:48,120
Speaker 1: should cover in the future. Again, this is your show,

981
01:04:48,160 --> 01:04:51,920
Speaker 1: and our best ideas come from listeners just like you.

982
01:04:52,320 --> 01:04:55,840
Speaker 1: Specifically you. I'm not going to do that joke again

983
01:04:55,880 --> 01:04:57,760
Speaker 1: because Matt, I see the look a you're giving me,

984
01:04:57,760 --> 01:05:00,320
Speaker 1: and we did it on a previous episode, but before

985
01:05:00,360 --> 01:05:02,840
Speaker 1: they stopped me, before they ripped me away from the microphone. You,

986
01:05:03,000 --> 01:05:05,919
Speaker 1: specifically you, let us know what we should cover next.

987
01:05:05,960 --> 01:05:08,200
Speaker 1: You can find us on Facebook and Twitter, where we

988
01:05:08,200 --> 01:05:11,040
Speaker 1: are conspiracy Stuff. We're also on Instagram where we are

989
01:05:11,080 --> 01:05:14,120
Speaker 1: Conspiracy Stuff show. And if you don't want to do

990
01:05:14,120 --> 01:05:15,800
Speaker 1: any of that stuff, and you just want to write

991
01:05:15,920 --> 01:05:19,360
Speaker 1: us some words, heading over to your email and shoot

992
01:05:19,480 --> 01:05:43,120
Speaker 1: us one. We are conspiracy at how stuff works dot com.