1 00:00:01,480 --> 00:00:04,280 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Should Know, a production of I 2 00:00:04,360 --> 00:00:13,280 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh, 3 00:00:13,320 --> 00:00:16,159 Speaker 1: and there's Chuck and Jerry's out there somewhere. Uh, and 4 00:00:16,280 --> 00:00:21,040 Speaker 1: this is stuff you should Know N double A CP edition. 5 00:00:21,640 --> 00:00:25,279 Speaker 1: That's right. I was thinking about this, well, I was researching, Chuck. 6 00:00:25,360 --> 00:00:28,320 Speaker 1: No one ever says N A A c P. I've 7 00:00:28,440 --> 00:00:31,520 Speaker 1: never heard anybody say everyone says N double A c P, 8 00:00:32,080 --> 00:00:34,840 Speaker 1: which I think kind of gives the whole thing, Uh, 9 00:00:35,400 --> 00:00:38,839 Speaker 1: kind of like a like an old friend kind of 10 00:00:38,840 --> 00:00:41,239 Speaker 1: feel to it, you know what I'm saying. Well, yeah, 11 00:00:41,280 --> 00:00:44,519 Speaker 1: I mean since you brought that up. Um, there have 12 00:00:44,640 --> 00:00:49,519 Speaker 1: been people questioning the name in modern times of National 13 00:00:49,560 --> 00:00:53,640 Speaker 1: Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and some people 14 00:00:53,680 --> 00:00:57,360 Speaker 1: have floated African Americans, so in in double A double 15 00:00:57,400 --> 00:01:00,840 Speaker 1: A I guess could be a way that you would 16 00:01:00,880 --> 00:01:04,720 Speaker 1: say that, but um, they this was I think from 17 00:01:04,760 --> 00:01:08,039 Speaker 1: two thousand seven, So the leader of the Double A 18 00:01:08,080 --> 00:01:10,959 Speaker 1: CP at the time, I think there's a there's so 19 00:01:11,040 --> 00:01:15,600 Speaker 1: much in the name, so much currency at this point. Yeah, 20 00:01:15,800 --> 00:01:20,480 Speaker 1: that switching it is kind of tough. And also, um, 21 00:01:20,600 --> 00:01:23,200 Speaker 1: he said, you know, we're kind of about the rights 22 00:01:23,200 --> 00:01:26,240 Speaker 1: of many kinds of people, UM, so we don't want 23 00:01:26,240 --> 00:01:29,440 Speaker 1: to just say African Americans. So yeah, and there's a 24 00:01:29,600 --> 00:01:32,400 Speaker 1: lot lots of lengthy articles, but it seemed to make sense. 25 00:01:32,760 --> 00:01:35,720 Speaker 1: And from actually what i've what I've read is the UM, 26 00:01:35,880 --> 00:01:38,720 Speaker 1: the double A CP is kind of in this lengthy 27 00:01:38,800 --> 00:01:43,360 Speaker 1: process of UM kind of reinventing itself or re establishing itself. 28 00:01:43,640 --> 00:01:45,800 Speaker 1: And it seems like one of the things that they 29 00:01:45,840 --> 00:01:48,800 Speaker 1: are starting to kind of go for is UM, especially 30 00:01:48,840 --> 00:01:52,760 Speaker 1: economic equality for all people. So that really kind of 31 00:01:52,880 --> 00:01:56,160 Speaker 1: jibes with you know this uh that it's almost like 32 00:01:56,160 --> 00:01:58,880 Speaker 1: they grew into the name finally now in the twenty 33 00:01:58,920 --> 00:02:02,320 Speaker 1: one century, which is surprising. It's kind of neat. Yeah, 34 00:02:02,400 --> 00:02:05,760 Speaker 1: it should be hot back in the old way back machine. 35 00:02:05,920 --> 00:02:08,600 Speaker 1: It's been a little while. We gotta put some air 36 00:02:08,639 --> 00:02:11,680 Speaker 1: in the tires first. But yes, did we get in 37 00:02:11,720 --> 00:02:14,119 Speaker 1: that thing at all last year? I don't think so, 38 00:02:14,720 --> 00:02:17,720 Speaker 1: which is surprising. You know, we should have been getting 39 00:02:17,760 --> 00:02:20,360 Speaker 1: that thing every day. Yeah, I know, and we totally didn't. 40 00:02:20,440 --> 00:02:22,400 Speaker 1: But okay, so here we go. We're getting in the 41 00:02:22,400 --> 00:02:31,200 Speaker 1: way back and all right, well we're gonna go back 42 00:02:31,520 --> 00:02:34,960 Speaker 1: to uh, let's go back to nineteen o nine. Who 43 00:02:35,040 --> 00:02:38,200 Speaker 1: might as well go back to when the organization was founded, 44 00:02:39,000 --> 00:02:43,320 Speaker 1: and the reason why was because, well, for lots of reasons, 45 00:02:43,320 --> 00:02:46,560 Speaker 1: but I think this sort of inciting incident was in 46 00:02:46,600 --> 00:02:51,480 Speaker 1: August of nineteen o eight when in Springfield, Illinois, there 47 00:02:51,480 --> 00:02:55,760 Speaker 1: were two gentlemen arrested on suspicion of rape and attempted 48 00:02:55,840 --> 00:02:59,280 Speaker 1: rape and murder, and the cops there were a little 49 00:02:59,320 --> 00:03:02,560 Speaker 1: afraid of what might happen because, as you will see 50 00:03:02,560 --> 00:03:06,040 Speaker 1: in this episode, there was a tendency for extra judicial 51 00:03:07,200 --> 00:03:10,400 Speaker 1: violence a k a. Lynchings to happen if people got 52 00:03:10,440 --> 00:03:13,360 Speaker 1: worked up. So they said, let's get these guys out 53 00:03:13,400 --> 00:03:15,919 Speaker 1: of here, let's take them to another town. The mob 54 00:03:16,120 --> 00:03:19,679 Speaker 1: of people show up and realized that they have been 55 00:03:19,720 --> 00:03:23,040 Speaker 1: moved and did not take kindly to that and rioted 56 00:03:23,080 --> 00:03:26,400 Speaker 1: in Springfield. Yeah. So, like as a result of this 57 00:03:26,400 --> 00:03:30,840 Speaker 1: this Springfield riot, there were like two thousand black residents 58 00:03:30,840 --> 00:03:33,640 Speaker 1: of Springfield, Illinois who were displaced. They just didn't have 59 00:03:33,680 --> 00:03:36,080 Speaker 1: homes anymore because they've been burned to the ground. Um. 60 00:03:36,200 --> 00:03:41,320 Speaker 1: Six people were murdered. Um. Two people were lynched. Two 61 00:03:41,360 --> 00:03:44,120 Speaker 1: innocent men were lynched basically as stand ins for the 62 00:03:44,160 --> 00:03:47,240 Speaker 1: two men that they had originally intended to lynch. Yeah, 63 00:03:47,320 --> 00:03:51,160 Speaker 1: sixteen people ended up UM losing their lives over those 64 00:03:51,240 --> 00:03:55,200 Speaker 1: three days, and nine black people UM, seven white people. 65 00:03:55,400 --> 00:03:58,480 Speaker 1: Five died from conflict with the state militia that was 66 00:03:58,520 --> 00:04:01,720 Speaker 1: called in in two white people died by suicide. And 67 00:04:01,760 --> 00:04:06,160 Speaker 1: for many many years up until I think semi recently, 68 00:04:06,800 --> 00:04:09,720 Speaker 1: the seven white people that died, those deaths were attributed 69 00:04:10,240 --> 00:04:13,320 Speaker 1: to UM to being killed by black people that were there, 70 00:04:13,880 --> 00:04:16,480 Speaker 1: and that is not the case. They were literally rewriting 71 00:04:16,520 --> 00:04:19,719 Speaker 1: history in that case. One of the other big things 72 00:04:19,800 --> 00:04:24,080 Speaker 1: about this too is UM aside from the fact that 73 00:04:24,120 --> 00:04:27,920 Speaker 1: it happened, and this was you know, these happened with 74 00:04:28,160 --> 00:04:30,919 Speaker 1: enough frequency like that it was a it was a 75 00:04:30,960 --> 00:04:35,680 Speaker 1: real problem. UM. But one of the other things about 76 00:04:35,920 --> 00:04:40,080 Speaker 1: these these you know, race riots or UM massacres of 77 00:04:40,120 --> 00:04:42,839 Speaker 1: black residents you know usually that evolved out of a 78 00:04:42,960 --> 00:04:47,600 Speaker 1: lynching UM, was that they went unpunished. UM. Oftentimes they 79 00:04:47,600 --> 00:04:52,920 Speaker 1: were uninvestigated. There just wasn't much, if anything done about them. 80 00:04:52,960 --> 00:04:57,000 Speaker 1: So the kind of UM it became clear that this 81 00:04:57,080 --> 00:04:59,960 Speaker 1: is a larger issue was already very clear among the 82 00:05:00,040 --> 00:05:04,760 Speaker 1: African American community in the United States, but it UM 83 00:05:05,000 --> 00:05:09,840 Speaker 1: kind of caught the the attention of UM some connected 84 00:05:10,400 --> 00:05:14,800 Speaker 1: white um social justice activists who were working at the 85 00:05:14,839 --> 00:05:18,679 Speaker 1: time too, that's right. Uh So in nineteen o nine, 86 00:05:19,320 --> 00:05:22,120 Speaker 1: a man named W. E. B. Du Bois, which is 87 00:05:22,200 --> 00:05:25,440 Speaker 1: one of the great all time names if you've got 88 00:05:25,520 --> 00:05:29,120 Speaker 1: three initials and that's what you're gonna roll with in 89 00:05:29,200 --> 00:05:31,760 Speaker 1: Duba is a pretty killer name too. But he was 90 00:05:31,880 --> 00:05:35,560 Speaker 1: a humanities professor, he was a writer. Um, he was 91 00:05:35,600 --> 00:05:39,400 Speaker 1: the first African American to earn a doctorate degree from 92 00:05:39,440 --> 00:05:43,159 Speaker 1: a university in the United States, Harvard. That's right. He 93 00:05:43,200 --> 00:05:46,920 Speaker 1: got together with forty other social activists in New York 94 00:05:47,800 --> 00:05:50,880 Speaker 1: and uh, it was you know, it was it was 95 00:05:51,080 --> 00:05:52,800 Speaker 1: mixed races. It was a group of black people and 96 00:05:52,800 --> 00:05:57,240 Speaker 1: white people, mixed religions. There were Jewish people there. Um. 97 00:05:57,279 --> 00:05:59,760 Speaker 1: That was described as a group of black and white activist, 98 00:05:59,800 --> 00:06:03,080 Speaker 1: Jews and Gentiles in the Library of Congress. And they 99 00:06:03,200 --> 00:06:06,440 Speaker 1: chose February twelve to get together because that was Abraham 100 00:06:06,480 --> 00:06:10,480 Speaker 1: Lincoln's birthday and that is where they established their first 101 00:06:10,560 --> 00:06:14,760 Speaker 1: charter as a group. Yeah. The first time they met, um, 102 00:06:15,160 --> 00:06:17,680 Speaker 1: they were not considered the n double a CP. It 103 00:06:17,720 --> 00:06:20,800 Speaker 1: wasn't until their second meeting the first time they called 104 00:06:20,800 --> 00:06:24,600 Speaker 1: themselves the National Negro Committee, and then in nineteen ten 105 00:06:24,600 --> 00:06:27,240 Speaker 1: when they met again, they said, well, let's call ourselves 106 00:06:27,240 --> 00:06:30,160 Speaker 1: the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and 107 00:06:30,200 --> 00:06:32,800 Speaker 1: the n double a CP was officially born, although they 108 00:06:32,839 --> 00:06:37,359 Speaker 1: consider the actual founding back in nineteen o nine, and 109 00:06:37,400 --> 00:06:39,920 Speaker 1: like you said, yeah, there was. It was multi racial, 110 00:06:40,560 --> 00:06:45,440 Speaker 1: multi ethnic, UM, and white people were involved because they 111 00:06:45,680 --> 00:06:50,480 Speaker 1: were very much concerned about the quality of life and 112 00:06:50,560 --> 00:06:55,799 Speaker 1: the um viability of getting ahead for African Americans in 113 00:06:55,800 --> 00:06:59,520 Speaker 1: in the United States at the time. And for UM 114 00:06:59,560 --> 00:07:02,320 Speaker 1: this organization to really kind of find its legs and 115 00:07:02,320 --> 00:07:08,919 Speaker 1: find its footing and survive, it's like crucial first few years. UM, 116 00:07:09,000 --> 00:07:14,920 Speaker 1: it needed very well connected, very wealthy white supporters, and 117 00:07:15,040 --> 00:07:17,960 Speaker 1: so there was an integration at the highest levels. And 118 00:07:17,960 --> 00:07:21,240 Speaker 1: then eventually within a few years it was kind of 119 00:07:21,280 --> 00:07:24,040 Speaker 1: like okay, it's it's you know, we it's time for 120 00:07:24,120 --> 00:07:27,320 Speaker 1: us to step back. We've we've established this thing UM 121 00:07:27,440 --> 00:07:31,119 Speaker 1: and and it can kind of go indefinitely from here. Yeah. 122 00:07:31,120 --> 00:07:32,960 Speaker 1: So getting back to that charter, I think it's the 123 00:07:32,960 --> 00:07:36,040 Speaker 1: words are pretty important. It said it was to promote 124 00:07:36,400 --> 00:07:40,640 Speaker 1: equality of rights and eradicate cast or race prejudice among 125 00:07:40,720 --> 00:07:43,680 Speaker 1: citizens in the United States. To advance the interest of 126 00:07:43,680 --> 00:07:47,760 Speaker 1: colored citizens, to secure for them impartial suffrage, and to 127 00:07:47,840 --> 00:07:52,000 Speaker 1: increase their opportunities for securing justice in the courts, education 128 00:07:52,040 --> 00:07:56,520 Speaker 1: for their children, employment according to their ability, and complete 129 00:07:56,520 --> 00:08:00,280 Speaker 1: equality before the law. And I think it's pretty import 130 00:08:00,160 --> 00:08:02,960 Speaker 1: and because it really kind of laid the groundwork for 131 00:08:03,040 --> 00:08:05,400 Speaker 1: what UM. I mean, you know, there have been all 132 00:08:05,440 --> 00:08:08,240 Speaker 1: sorts of activist groups over the years in the African 133 00:08:08,280 --> 00:08:12,760 Speaker 1: American community, and there's was always sort of about let's 134 00:08:12,760 --> 00:08:16,560 Speaker 1: attack this in the courts, and let's attack it from 135 00:08:17,000 --> 00:08:21,600 Speaker 1: let's attack these systems in the courts that are you know, 136 00:08:21,920 --> 00:08:24,400 Speaker 1: where the cards are so stacked against us by law, 137 00:08:24,760 --> 00:08:27,680 Speaker 1: and let's get some of these laws overturned. Yeah, and 138 00:08:27,720 --> 00:08:30,640 Speaker 1: that was I mean, that's still been their strategy basically 139 00:08:30,680 --> 00:08:33,480 Speaker 1: throughout it was. It was the strategy from the beginning 140 00:08:33,520 --> 00:08:37,000 Speaker 1: and it still is today, which is UM and not 141 00:08:37,040 --> 00:08:41,079 Speaker 1: an opposition, but it's it's complementary to other strategies like 142 00:08:41,559 --> 00:08:45,120 Speaker 1: direct action, which is like UM, you know, going to 143 00:08:46,000 --> 00:08:50,080 Speaker 1: UH counter and sitting in and protest to segregated lunch 144 00:08:50,160 --> 00:08:53,080 Speaker 1: counter or not giving your seat up on a bus. UM. 145 00:08:53,559 --> 00:08:55,720 Speaker 1: And you know, during the civil rights ares, we'll see 146 00:08:55,760 --> 00:08:58,840 Speaker 1: like the n Double A c P had an involvement 147 00:08:58,840 --> 00:09:00,800 Speaker 1: direct action, but it's always been known as like this 148 00:09:01,280 --> 00:09:05,800 Speaker 1: like just shooting for the biggest trophies of all, you know, 149 00:09:05,840 --> 00:09:11,600 Speaker 1: like change, fundamental change at the national level legislatively. Um, 150 00:09:11,679 --> 00:09:13,680 Speaker 1: that's what they've always kind of been about, the Double 151 00:09:13,720 --> 00:09:16,840 Speaker 1: A CP. Yeah. So some of these, uh, some of 152 00:09:16,880 --> 00:09:19,240 Speaker 1: the folks in the very first group, um, the first 153 00:09:19,280 --> 00:09:25,040 Speaker 1: president was a constitutional lawyer named Moore Field story great man. 154 00:09:25,080 --> 00:09:27,920 Speaker 1: There was a woman named Florence Kelly who was also 155 00:09:27,960 --> 00:09:32,520 Speaker 1: an attorney who worked a lot in uh an employment reform. 156 00:09:32,559 --> 00:09:34,840 Speaker 1: Do you remember her from the Francis Perkins episode. She 157 00:09:34,880 --> 00:09:39,560 Speaker 1: was the woman who inspired Francis Perkins. Yeah, she is great. 158 00:09:39,600 --> 00:09:42,440 Speaker 1: Who else? Uh, Well, they were you know, they needed 159 00:09:42,480 --> 00:09:45,360 Speaker 1: to um make some way in the press. That was 160 00:09:45,400 --> 00:09:47,720 Speaker 1: sort of one of the big problems at the time 161 00:09:47,840 --> 00:09:50,480 Speaker 1: is you know, lynchings weren't being covered in the press. 162 00:09:50,559 --> 00:09:53,280 Speaker 1: A lot of their rights that were being trampled on 163 00:09:53,320 --> 00:09:56,480 Speaker 1: weren't covered in the mainstream press. So they had a 164 00:09:56,480 --> 00:10:01,199 Speaker 1: good group of writers, um essayist, journe list that would 165 00:10:01,200 --> 00:10:03,440 Speaker 1: get in there and they would, you know, they would 166 00:10:03,600 --> 00:10:05,720 Speaker 1: they founded their own paper, which was huge. The crisis 167 00:10:05,760 --> 00:10:09,480 Speaker 1: which is still around today their magazine, but mainly just 168 00:10:09,520 --> 00:10:14,760 Speaker 1: trying to get recognized in mainstream newspapers with their work. Yeah. Again, 169 00:10:14,840 --> 00:10:18,040 Speaker 1: some of the early supporters and UM people who were 170 00:10:18,160 --> 00:10:22,360 Speaker 1: founding members had big time connections in the press, like 171 00:10:22,360 --> 00:10:26,240 Speaker 1: one guy Oswald Garrison Villard. He was the publisher of 172 00:10:26,280 --> 00:10:30,199 Speaker 1: the New York Evening Post and the Nation magazine, so 173 00:10:30,559 --> 00:10:34,559 Speaker 1: he could very easily get stories about things like lynchings 174 00:10:35,120 --> 00:10:40,040 Speaker 1: into his his paper and his magazine UM, where other 175 00:10:40,200 --> 00:10:42,960 Speaker 1: other places wouldn't print that kind of stuff. And then yeah, 176 00:10:42,960 --> 00:10:46,320 Speaker 1: as the subscribership of the Crisis Crew, UM had a 177 00:10:46,320 --> 00:10:49,760 Speaker 1: bigger and bigger impact. So yeah, kind of part and parcel. 178 00:10:49,800 --> 00:10:53,960 Speaker 1: It seemed like with this legislative action was generating public 179 00:10:54,000 --> 00:10:56,199 Speaker 1: support through the press. It's kind of like this two 180 00:10:56,240 --> 00:10:59,360 Speaker 1: pronged approach. All right, should we take a little pause 181 00:10:59,400 --> 00:11:03,240 Speaker 1: for the cause. Yeah, alright, we're gonna take a break 182 00:11:03,240 --> 00:11:04,840 Speaker 1: and be right back to talk about some of their 183 00:11:04,840 --> 00:11:32,640 Speaker 1: early successes right after this. So if you look at 184 00:11:32,640 --> 00:11:35,480 Speaker 1: some of the early successes in the first part of 185 00:11:35,480 --> 00:11:38,079 Speaker 1: the twentieth century, one of the big ones you can 186 00:11:38,120 --> 00:11:42,800 Speaker 1: point to is in Oklahoma in nineteen ten, where they 187 00:11:42,840 --> 00:11:47,040 Speaker 1: had a state regulation, uh that limited the rights of 188 00:11:47,679 --> 00:11:51,560 Speaker 1: black citizens to vote. It was a grandfather clause basically 189 00:11:51,600 --> 00:11:54,160 Speaker 1: where they said, you need and I think we talked 190 00:11:54,160 --> 00:11:57,360 Speaker 1: about this in the Voter Suppression EPP. But um, you 191 00:11:57,400 --> 00:11:59,120 Speaker 1: need to be able to pass a literacy tests and 192 00:12:00,160 --> 00:12:04,240 Speaker 1: order to be eligible to vote unless you had a 193 00:12:04,320 --> 00:12:09,160 Speaker 1: grandfather who voted in eighteen sixty six. And side note, 194 00:12:09,240 --> 00:12:11,920 Speaker 1: this is before black people were allowed to vote in Oklahoma. 195 00:12:12,040 --> 00:12:15,199 Speaker 1: So they basically were saying, if you're illiterate and you're white, 196 00:12:15,240 --> 00:12:18,240 Speaker 1: you can vote. If you're illiterate and you're black, you can't. Yeah, 197 00:12:18,280 --> 00:12:20,839 Speaker 1: that Oklahoma law was particularly agreed to say. It was 198 00:12:20,880 --> 00:12:22,839 Speaker 1: one of I think like seven or eight states that 199 00:12:22,920 --> 00:12:27,800 Speaker 1: had a grandfather clause. But Oklahomas said, um, not only 200 00:12:27,840 --> 00:12:30,400 Speaker 1: if your grandfather could vote in eighteen sixty six, if 201 00:12:30,400 --> 00:12:33,240 Speaker 1: he lived in another country in eighteen sixty six and 202 00:12:33,280 --> 00:12:35,520 Speaker 1: would have been eligible to vote or could vote in 203 00:12:35,520 --> 00:12:40,400 Speaker 1: that country, you your grandfathered in. So basically, as long 204 00:12:40,440 --> 00:12:43,160 Speaker 1: as you weren't black, you could you could vote, even 205 00:12:43,200 --> 00:12:45,600 Speaker 1: if you were illiterate. So UM, the n double a 206 00:12:45,640 --> 00:12:49,040 Speaker 1: CP filed suit against this um in a very famous 207 00:12:49,080 --> 00:12:53,120 Speaker 1: case called Gwyn versus the US. UM and Gwyn was 208 00:12:53,280 --> 00:12:56,400 Speaker 1: named after Frank gwyn And who, along with J. J. Bale, 209 00:12:56,400 --> 00:12:59,960 Speaker 1: where a couple of elections officers who had who had 210 00:13:00,040 --> 00:13:05,160 Speaker 1: basically been charged with disenfranchising black voters through the grandfather clause. 211 00:13:05,640 --> 00:13:07,840 Speaker 1: And the Supreme Court heard this and said, you know 212 00:13:07,880 --> 00:13:11,520 Speaker 1: what this is. Uh, this n Double A CP group. 213 00:13:11,520 --> 00:13:13,760 Speaker 1: I've not heard of them before, but they present a 214 00:13:13,760 --> 00:13:16,000 Speaker 1: pretty good case. So we're going to go ahead and 215 00:13:16,080 --> 00:13:19,760 Speaker 1: overturn this grandfather clause. And you know, this is nineteen fifteen. 216 00:13:20,040 --> 00:13:21,959 Speaker 1: The Double A CP had only met for the very 217 00:13:22,000 --> 00:13:24,240 Speaker 1: first time six years before, and all of a sudden 218 00:13:24,240 --> 00:13:29,280 Speaker 1: they're overturning UM race based discrimination laws about voting at 219 00:13:29,320 --> 00:13:31,880 Speaker 1: the Supreme Court. And that definitely caught the attention of 220 00:13:32,280 --> 00:13:36,760 Speaker 1: people in the civil rights UM community for sure. Yeah. 221 00:13:36,800 --> 00:13:38,880 Speaker 1: That's why. I mean, it's when you look back through history, 222 00:13:38,960 --> 00:13:42,960 Speaker 1: this the state's rights argument that we still here today 223 00:13:43,080 --> 00:13:46,560 Speaker 1: is such a tricky thing because you know, states should 224 00:13:46,559 --> 00:13:49,200 Speaker 1: be allowed to do a lot of things as they 225 00:13:49,240 --> 00:13:54,000 Speaker 1: see fit, but you can't you can't disenfranchise voters, willfully 226 00:13:54,000 --> 00:13:57,960 Speaker 1: disenfranchise voters, Uh, And that's when the federal government comes 227 00:13:57,960 --> 00:14:00,559 Speaker 1: in and people start crying foul that they want to 228 00:14:00,559 --> 00:14:03,800 Speaker 1: be able to run their elections their way, which means 229 00:14:03,960 --> 00:14:06,080 Speaker 1: we don't want black people to vote, and you just 230 00:14:06,120 --> 00:14:08,400 Speaker 1: can't do that. You know. I've been thinking about this 231 00:14:08,520 --> 00:14:12,600 Speaker 1: recently since we did our Clan episode, because I noticed 232 00:14:12,640 --> 00:14:15,520 Speaker 1: that every time the clan went away, it was after 233 00:14:15,559 --> 00:14:19,320 Speaker 1: the federal government intervened because the states wouldn't write. And 234 00:14:20,200 --> 00:14:22,240 Speaker 1: something I came up with, like just a good rule 235 00:14:22,240 --> 00:14:25,040 Speaker 1: of thumb or a good litmus test, is does this 236 00:14:25,160 --> 00:14:29,120 Speaker 1: law discriminate against anybody's right anybody? It doesn't matter what 237 00:14:29,120 --> 00:14:30,840 Speaker 1: group it is. Forget the group, take the group out 238 00:14:30,840 --> 00:14:34,120 Speaker 1: of it. Is it a discriminatory law? And I cannot 239 00:14:34,240 --> 00:14:38,720 Speaker 1: think of a single instance where a discriminatory law would 240 00:14:38,720 --> 00:14:43,479 Speaker 1: be beneficial for the greater good of of the country 241 00:14:43,760 --> 00:14:46,680 Speaker 1: um or for the health of the of democracy. I 242 00:14:46,800 --> 00:14:52,400 Speaker 1: just I can't think of one. Um unless you're you're discriminating, 243 00:14:52,480 --> 00:14:57,240 Speaker 1: discriminating against somebody's right to discriminate against somebody, maybe that 244 00:14:57,280 --> 00:14:58,960 Speaker 1: would be the case. But that seemed to be a 245 00:14:58,960 --> 00:15:00,640 Speaker 1: pretty good rule of thumb to me that I just 246 00:15:00,680 --> 00:15:03,280 Speaker 1: came up with, does the law discriminate yes, well, then 247 00:15:03,320 --> 00:15:11,080 Speaker 1: it's probably a pretty bad law. Hey, Josh, Yeah, that's 248 00:15:11,120 --> 00:15:13,160 Speaker 1: about how far into the future, I should try my 249 00:15:13,240 --> 00:15:19,640 Speaker 1: hand and what is that but years that I I 250 00:15:19,680 --> 00:15:22,640 Speaker 1: don't know, but we're all just basically whisps of ones 251 00:15:22,680 --> 00:15:26,600 Speaker 1: and zeros. I think by then. Another big thing that 252 00:15:26,680 --> 00:15:29,880 Speaker 1: kind of happened early on it was we talked about 253 00:15:29,920 --> 00:15:34,360 Speaker 1: Birth of the Nation in our episode on the Clan, 254 00:15:35,080 --> 00:15:38,560 Speaker 1: and they in Double A CP got together and they said, 255 00:15:38,640 --> 00:15:42,520 Speaker 1: let's boycott this terrible movie. And the boycott didn't do 256 00:15:42,600 --> 00:15:45,560 Speaker 1: a lot in terms of shutting anything down in terms 257 00:15:45,560 --> 00:15:47,840 Speaker 1: of Birth of a Nation, but it did draw them 258 00:15:47,920 --> 00:15:52,120 Speaker 1: some finally some mainstream publicity, and um got them written 259 00:15:52,200 --> 00:15:56,560 Speaker 1: up in newspapers at least, right, So, I mean they 260 00:15:56,600 --> 00:16:02,040 Speaker 1: had some early successes, um, and especially with overturning the 261 00:16:02,080 --> 00:16:06,200 Speaker 1: grandfather clause. But I don't know if it was after 262 00:16:06,240 --> 00:16:09,440 Speaker 1: this or around this time they really kind of redoubled 263 00:16:09,440 --> 00:16:13,560 Speaker 1: their efforts back onto the original intention, which was to 264 00:16:13,760 --> 00:16:17,360 Speaker 1: do something about lynching, to get an anti leg anti 265 00:16:17,480 --> 00:16:21,680 Speaker 1: lynching law, national federal law passed in the United States. 266 00:16:22,440 --> 00:16:26,920 Speaker 1: And UM, what's crazy is that that still hasn't happened, 267 00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:31,240 Speaker 1: and that is recently, is June of we we failed 268 00:16:31,240 --> 00:16:35,040 Speaker 1: to do it yet again, um, which is just nuts 269 00:16:35,080 --> 00:16:38,120 Speaker 1: to me. But the the n double A cp UM 270 00:16:38,520 --> 00:16:42,000 Speaker 1: was really trying to get this to get legislation passed. 271 00:16:42,520 --> 00:16:44,640 Speaker 1: You know, even back then it just made sense. Now 272 00:16:44,720 --> 00:16:47,280 Speaker 1: today it's just shameful that we don't have something. But 273 00:16:47,400 --> 00:16:50,000 Speaker 1: the thing that kind of redoubled or refocused the double 274 00:16:50,040 --> 00:16:54,520 Speaker 1: A CPS efforts on UM anti lynching legislation was the 275 00:16:54,600 --> 00:16:58,680 Speaker 1: lynching of a teenager named Jesse Washington in Waco, Texas 276 00:16:58,760 --> 00:17:01,680 Speaker 1: in nineteen sixteen. And even as far as lynchings go, 277 00:17:01,840 --> 00:17:06,800 Speaker 1: this was particularly gruesome. Yeah. I mean, not only was 278 00:17:07,000 --> 00:17:11,880 Speaker 1: the act gruesome, which was he was tortured, um, hanged, 279 00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:16,119 Speaker 1: set on fire, uh and beaten, but it was in 280 00:17:16,200 --> 00:17:20,960 Speaker 1: front of oh. Estimates range from eight to seventeen thousand 281 00:17:20,960 --> 00:17:26,000 Speaker 1: people like basically the size of a small, you know, 282 00:17:26,280 --> 00:17:31,120 Speaker 1: hockey arena, medium, medium sized hockey arena. You're like, I'm 283 00:17:31,119 --> 00:17:34,399 Speaker 1: not going above medium. Well, I'm trying to think these days, 284 00:17:34,560 --> 00:17:37,680 Speaker 1: how much does like your average NBA hockey arena. Hold, 285 00:17:37,720 --> 00:17:41,679 Speaker 1: it's more like, how I don't I'm such a terrible 286 00:17:41,760 --> 00:17:44,840 Speaker 1: judge of anything like that. So well, let's just say 287 00:17:44,880 --> 00:17:47,480 Speaker 1: a medium sized hockey arena. I think they got it across. 288 00:17:47,840 --> 00:17:49,840 Speaker 1: And the only reason I'm saying that is because it's 289 00:17:50,160 --> 00:17:52,240 Speaker 1: if you try and if you go to a pro 290 00:17:52,320 --> 00:17:54,679 Speaker 1: sports game or a big concert, try to imagine that 291 00:17:54,720 --> 00:17:59,080 Speaker 1: many people gathered together to watch a man, a human 292 00:17:59,119 --> 00:18:02,280 Speaker 1: being beat burned and hanged in front of your face. 293 00:18:03,280 --> 00:18:06,679 Speaker 1: And I tried to put myself in the not in 294 00:18:06,680 --> 00:18:09,280 Speaker 1: the mindset, but out of all those people, like how 295 00:18:09,280 --> 00:18:15,600 Speaker 1: many of those fifteen thousand people were fully charged do this? 296 00:18:15,760 --> 00:18:18,439 Speaker 1: Do this? And how many as it happened, were like, 297 00:18:18,600 --> 00:18:22,880 Speaker 1: my god, what is happened to us as human beings 298 00:18:22,880 --> 00:18:27,000 Speaker 1: and Americans? Were there any people there that regretted what 299 00:18:27,040 --> 00:18:29,600 Speaker 1: was going on? I'm sure some, And if they didn't 300 00:18:29,600 --> 00:18:33,720 Speaker 1: regretted during they I'm sure some regretted it afterward. But 301 00:18:33,800 --> 00:18:36,680 Speaker 1: I think one of the things that made Jesse Washington's 302 00:18:36,720 --> 00:18:40,000 Speaker 1: lynching so disturbing to the rest of the nation was 303 00:18:40,080 --> 00:18:42,840 Speaker 1: that it was reported that there was a carnival like 304 00:18:43,040 --> 00:18:47,320 Speaker 1: atmosphere where people were enjoying themselves and enjoying their time, 305 00:18:47,400 --> 00:18:51,080 Speaker 1: gathered together with Um all the other residents of Waco 306 00:18:51,200 --> 00:18:55,760 Speaker 1: and and lynching this this teenager. UM and the n 307 00:18:55,800 --> 00:19:00,280 Speaker 1: double a c P sent an investigator there to to 308 00:19:00,400 --> 00:19:04,080 Speaker 1: basically document the whole thing, and she came back with 309 00:19:04,119 --> 00:19:08,280 Speaker 1: this report that became something called the UM the Horror 310 00:19:08,280 --> 00:19:12,000 Speaker 1: of Waco or the Waco Horror and UM the n 311 00:19:12,040 --> 00:19:15,520 Speaker 1: double A CP said we're going to we're gonna get 312 00:19:15,520 --> 00:19:17,520 Speaker 1: this out there. We're gonna tell the world about this, 313 00:19:17,600 --> 00:19:20,680 Speaker 1: and they definitely did, and it had a really big impact. 314 00:19:21,320 --> 00:19:23,359 Speaker 1: You know, what it reminds me of is is the 315 00:19:23,359 --> 00:19:25,080 Speaker 1: only thing I can compare it to these days is 316 00:19:25,119 --> 00:19:29,639 Speaker 1: when a UM, a high profile death row inmate is 317 00:19:29,680 --> 00:19:35,639 Speaker 1: executed and outside the prison they have those parties and stuff. Uh. 318 00:19:35,920 --> 00:19:38,879 Speaker 1: You know, I don't want to wait into the capital 319 00:19:38,920 --> 00:19:42,880 Speaker 1: punishment debate here, but there's something about that blood lust 320 00:19:43,000 --> 00:19:47,520 Speaker 1: that just feels really gross to me. Yeah, and that's 321 00:19:47,560 --> 00:19:50,840 Speaker 1: my official statement. You're talking about somebody's life and vengeance. 322 00:19:50,840 --> 00:19:55,560 Speaker 1: Anytime vengeance is driving things, it's usually time to take 323 00:19:55,600 --> 00:19:58,119 Speaker 1: a pause and reflect on what you're doing. You know, 324 00:19:58,880 --> 00:20:05,960 Speaker 1: I've got all the rules of coming out today, Josh. Yeah. Um. 325 00:20:06,000 --> 00:20:09,920 Speaker 1: So yeah, So they put out these pictures, like you said, Um, 326 00:20:09,960 --> 00:20:15,280 Speaker 1: we're covered in mainstream newspapers in you know, I think 327 00:20:15,720 --> 00:20:20,399 Speaker 1: it shocked the country. Um, obviously not enough, but it 328 00:20:20,480 --> 00:20:22,159 Speaker 1: was a big wake up call. I think to a 329 00:20:22,200 --> 00:20:25,159 Speaker 1: lot of people. What happened in Waco and the end 330 00:20:25,680 --> 00:20:28,879 Speaker 1: in double a CP was able to UM to really 331 00:20:29,200 --> 00:20:32,720 Speaker 1: pivot on this and bring up something like the Dire Bill, 332 00:20:32,800 --> 00:20:35,760 Speaker 1: which I think was the first piece of anti lynching 333 00:20:35,960 --> 00:20:42,240 Speaker 1: legislation UM sponsored by Leonidas another great name, Leonidas Dire, 334 00:20:43,040 --> 00:20:47,720 Speaker 1: Republican Congressman from Missouri, UM that died in the Senate. 335 00:20:48,600 --> 00:20:51,320 Speaker 1: I think it passed the House in two and then 336 00:20:51,400 --> 00:20:56,200 Speaker 1: died in a Senate after a filibuster from the Southern Democrats, Yes, 337 00:20:56,320 --> 00:20:59,199 Speaker 1: the Dixiecrats UM. And that was just the first of 338 00:20:59,240 --> 00:21:03,080 Speaker 1: many many ato. Yeah, apparently over like by the middle 339 00:21:03,119 --> 00:21:07,040 Speaker 1: of the century, there were two hundred anti lynching bills 340 00:21:07,119 --> 00:21:09,960 Speaker 1: that were introduced and died in Congress just by the 341 00:21:10,000 --> 00:21:13,160 Speaker 1: mid century. And like I was saying, as recently as 342 00:21:13,480 --> 00:21:17,359 Speaker 1: m June of there was a h anti lynching law 343 00:21:17,760 --> 00:21:24,439 Speaker 1: that was that passed the Senate unanimously one zero, and 344 00:21:24,480 --> 00:21:27,840 Speaker 1: then it went over to the House where it passed 345 00:21:28,280 --> 00:21:34,719 Speaker 1: four hundred and fifteen four and ten to four. Then 346 00:21:34,800 --> 00:21:37,600 Speaker 1: the only thing the House did was changed the name 347 00:21:37,640 --> 00:21:40,840 Speaker 1: to the Emmett Till Anti Lynching Law, which means then 348 00:21:40,840 --> 00:21:42,280 Speaker 1: it had to go back to the Senate to be 349 00:21:42,359 --> 00:21:45,120 Speaker 1: passed again. Because that one change has had been made, 350 00:21:45,119 --> 00:21:47,440 Speaker 1: the name had been changed, and when it got back 351 00:21:47,440 --> 00:21:50,280 Speaker 1: to the Senate, Ran Paul from Kentucky said, I don't 352 00:21:50,320 --> 00:21:52,520 Speaker 1: feel good about this, even though he was part of 353 00:21:52,520 --> 00:21:56,119 Speaker 1: the unanimous Senate that had passed it unanimously just before, 354 00:21:56,440 --> 00:22:00,399 Speaker 1: and no other change was made except for the name. Um, 355 00:22:00,440 --> 00:22:02,600 Speaker 1: and that really ticked a lot of people off. But 356 00:22:02,800 --> 00:22:06,040 Speaker 1: still to this day that law was blocked and the 357 00:22:06,119 --> 00:22:09,720 Speaker 1: United States still does not have a law that makes 358 00:22:09,840 --> 00:22:14,600 Speaker 1: lynching a federal crime. Yeah, so if you want to, 359 00:22:14,640 --> 00:22:17,000 Speaker 1: I mean, this was really big news. Um. So I'm 360 00:22:17,040 --> 00:22:19,240 Speaker 1: sure a lot of people know about this, But if 361 00:22:19,240 --> 00:22:24,159 Speaker 1: you're curious about Ran Paul's defense was he said, quote, 362 00:22:24,160 --> 00:22:27,320 Speaker 1: this bill would cheapen the meaning of lynching by defining 363 00:22:27,320 --> 00:22:30,280 Speaker 1: it so broadly as to include a minor bruise or abrasion. 364 00:22:30,760 --> 00:22:34,800 Speaker 1: Our national history of Rachiel terrorism demands much more serious 365 00:22:34,880 --> 00:22:39,879 Speaker 1: than seriousness than that. So what he was contending was, uh, 366 00:22:40,000 --> 00:22:44,359 Speaker 1: he wanted he wants the language changed, um, because in 367 00:22:44,400 --> 00:22:47,760 Speaker 1: the language now it says the standard in federal hate 368 00:22:47,800 --> 00:22:53,080 Speaker 1: crimes is serious or I'm sorry, is um bodily injury. 369 00:22:53,080 --> 00:22:56,080 Speaker 1: And I think he wants it changed to serious bodily injury. 370 00:22:56,920 --> 00:23:00,240 Speaker 1: In other words, if someone gets punched in the ace, 371 00:23:00,720 --> 00:23:03,560 Speaker 1: it would be called and considered a lynching in the 372 00:23:03,600 --> 00:23:06,600 Speaker 1: way it's written now. And he said there should be 373 00:23:06,640 --> 00:23:10,920 Speaker 1: substantial risk of death and extreme physical pain in order 374 00:23:10,960 --> 00:23:14,240 Speaker 1: to qualify as lynching. Otherwise, he said, it disrespects what 375 00:23:14,400 --> 00:23:19,960 Speaker 1: real lynchings were. Uh, so take that for what it is, Um, 376 00:23:20,760 --> 00:23:24,840 Speaker 1: for what it's worth. The Senate formally apologized in two 377 00:23:24,880 --> 00:23:29,800 Speaker 1: thousand five for failing to outlaw lynching. So they apologize 378 00:23:29,840 --> 00:23:33,840 Speaker 1: into thousand five, and still it hasn't been put forward 379 00:23:33,880 --> 00:23:38,120 Speaker 1: on the books. Yeah. So, UM, the like we said, 380 00:23:38,160 --> 00:23:41,160 Speaker 1: the the n double a c p UM for decades 381 00:23:41,200 --> 00:23:44,399 Speaker 1: and decades leading up to the Civil rights era, UM 382 00:23:44,760 --> 00:23:49,800 Speaker 1: was very much, uh focused on preventing lynching, on getting 383 00:23:49,880 --> 00:23:53,359 Speaker 1: lynching outlawed. I'm bringing attention to the huge, massive issue 384 00:23:53,359 --> 00:23:56,880 Speaker 1: of lynching in the United States. UM. They had a 385 00:23:56,920 --> 00:24:00,080 Speaker 1: flag that they would unfurl outside of their headquarters in 386 00:24:00,119 --> 00:24:03,560 Speaker 1: New York whenever, UM a lynching was reported, and it 387 00:24:03,680 --> 00:24:07,040 Speaker 1: just said a man was lynched yesterday, UM, which I 388 00:24:07,880 --> 00:24:09,560 Speaker 1: read it. Yeah, I read it, and I was like, wow, 389 00:24:09,600 --> 00:24:11,000 Speaker 1: that's you know, that must have been something that I 390 00:24:11,000 --> 00:24:12,600 Speaker 1: saw a picture of it and it's one of those 391 00:24:12,600 --> 00:24:15,000 Speaker 1: ones where a picture is worth a thousand words, Like 392 00:24:15,080 --> 00:24:17,520 Speaker 1: don't you see it? It really drives home what they 393 00:24:17,520 --> 00:24:22,320 Speaker 1: were doing, um and really kind of makes you really 394 00:24:22,359 --> 00:24:23,879 Speaker 1: like the n double a C P. Like, yeah, go 395 00:24:23,960 --> 00:24:27,520 Speaker 1: get them, you know, let's get lynching outlawed. Yeah. I 396 00:24:27,520 --> 00:24:30,520 Speaker 1: mean you talked about the numbers over that time period. 397 00:24:30,560 --> 00:24:34,640 Speaker 1: The four thousand plus comes out to uh more than 398 00:24:34,680 --> 00:24:37,119 Speaker 1: one lynching a week in the United States over that 399 00:24:37,160 --> 00:24:41,680 Speaker 1: period that was like verified, known and reported, so clearly 400 00:24:41,840 --> 00:24:44,680 Speaker 1: you know, probably more than that. Um. So yeah, this 401 00:24:44,760 --> 00:24:48,160 Speaker 1: is happening literally on a weekly basis in the United States. 402 00:24:48,160 --> 00:24:51,919 Speaker 1: Someone is going out on their own vigilante style and 403 00:24:52,320 --> 00:24:57,520 Speaker 1: hanging uh. Not always hanging a black man, sometimes worse. Yeah, 404 00:24:57,720 --> 00:24:59,560 Speaker 1: I mean if you can. There were sometimes they would 405 00:24:59,600 --> 00:25:02,360 Speaker 1: just burn the whole black section of town down, like 406 00:25:02,480 --> 00:25:07,320 Speaker 1: in in nineteen seventeen St. Louis saw um a race massacre, 407 00:25:07,680 --> 00:25:10,960 Speaker 1: just like there had been in Springfield not too long before. 408 00:25:11,040 --> 00:25:14,119 Speaker 1: So um, like, yeah, it wasn't just lynching, it was 409 00:25:14,200 --> 00:25:18,760 Speaker 1: just mob violence and enforcement of segregation. I think the 410 00:25:18,800 --> 00:25:23,800 Speaker 1: thing that set off um the St. Louis uh riot 411 00:25:23,840 --> 00:25:27,280 Speaker 1: was a black family moved into a white neighborhood. If 412 00:25:27,320 --> 00:25:29,920 Speaker 1: I'm not mistaken, that was the instance that set it off. 413 00:25:29,960 --> 00:25:33,640 Speaker 1: So yeah, it was a yeah, that was a real problem. 414 00:25:34,760 --> 00:25:37,560 Speaker 1: Racial violence was an even bigger problem than it is 415 00:25:37,600 --> 00:25:42,600 Speaker 1: today back before the Civil rights eara right, So during 416 00:25:42,640 --> 00:25:45,879 Speaker 1: the civil rights era, obviously the in A CP is 417 00:25:45,920 --> 00:25:49,480 Speaker 1: going to be very active. Um saw some really great successes. 418 00:25:49,520 --> 00:25:52,800 Speaker 1: They're sort of leading the way, lobbying in the capitol, 419 00:25:53,640 --> 00:25:57,520 Speaker 1: trying just scores and scores of cases in the courts, UM, 420 00:25:57,520 --> 00:26:01,560 Speaker 1: helping people register to vote, taking part in Mississippi's Freedom 421 00:26:01,600 --> 00:26:05,600 Speaker 1: Summer in nineteen sixty four. Um, if you don't know, 422 00:26:05,840 --> 00:26:07,560 Speaker 1: if you know the name Rosa Parks and know what 423 00:26:07,600 --> 00:26:09,600 Speaker 1: she did, you may not know that she was the 424 00:26:09,640 --> 00:26:13,800 Speaker 1: Montgomery in Double a CP secretary, so she actually worked 425 00:26:13,800 --> 00:26:16,520 Speaker 1: for the organization. Yeah, I don't remember. Did we do 426 00:26:16,560 --> 00:26:19,680 Speaker 1: a whole episode on Rosa Parks in the bus boycott 427 00:26:19,800 --> 00:26:23,240 Speaker 1: or was it part of another episode we did. I 428 00:26:23,280 --> 00:26:26,000 Speaker 1: can't remember all of our videos and everything is just 429 00:26:26,160 --> 00:26:28,440 Speaker 1: a big stew in my head at this point. Well, 430 00:26:28,480 --> 00:26:31,720 Speaker 1: we did. We did the one on the freedom schools 431 00:26:32,440 --> 00:26:36,640 Speaker 1: for sure, UM, and I don't remember what we did, 432 00:26:36,640 --> 00:26:38,359 Speaker 1: but we talked a lot about Rosa Parks. And I 433 00:26:38,400 --> 00:26:40,040 Speaker 1: don't know if it was her own episode or not. 434 00:26:40,119 --> 00:26:42,560 Speaker 1: If not, she deserves her own episode. But yeah, she 435 00:26:42,760 --> 00:26:44,800 Speaker 1: she was a secretary for the Double A CP in 436 00:26:44,880 --> 00:26:49,359 Speaker 1: Birmingham or Montgomery. I'm sorry. And if you start to 437 00:26:49,440 --> 00:26:51,960 Speaker 1: look at some of the big events of the civil 438 00:26:52,040 --> 00:26:55,639 Speaker 1: rights Sarah, you start to realize that, oh, wait a minute, 439 00:26:55,680 --> 00:26:58,800 Speaker 1: that was an in Double A CP field officer or 440 00:26:58,840 --> 00:27:02,840 Speaker 1: those purse those but were um, you know, uh, members 441 00:27:02,880 --> 00:27:05,120 Speaker 1: of the local in Double A CP branch. There were 442 00:27:05,119 --> 00:27:08,080 Speaker 1: a lot of like legal strategies and cases that were 443 00:27:08,119 --> 00:27:10,719 Speaker 1: launched by the Double A CP that appeared to just 444 00:27:10,800 --> 00:27:14,320 Speaker 1: be direct action like Rosa Parks had had enough and 445 00:27:14,440 --> 00:27:16,960 Speaker 1: wasn't going to get up that day. Um that that 446 00:27:17,119 --> 00:27:18,760 Speaker 1: when you peel back the layer a little bit. This 447 00:27:18,800 --> 00:27:22,399 Speaker 1: is part of a larger strategy of trying to force 448 00:27:22,680 --> 00:27:25,959 Speaker 1: lawsuits in court cases so that they can um go 449 00:27:26,040 --> 00:27:27,960 Speaker 1: all the way up to the Supreme Court. And sometimes 450 00:27:27,960 --> 00:27:32,359 Speaker 1: they were very very effective. Yeah, I mean notably, uh 451 00:27:32,440 --> 00:27:34,600 Speaker 1: in the in the mid nineteen fifties, they set their 452 00:27:34,600 --> 00:27:38,040 Speaker 1: sights on the school system and separate but equal. They 453 00:27:38,040 --> 00:27:42,720 Speaker 1: wanted to take that down and Brown versus versus Board 454 00:27:42,760 --> 00:27:45,800 Speaker 1: of Education, you know, one of the landmark cases in 455 00:27:45,800 --> 00:27:48,960 Speaker 1: the history of this country. UM Thorogood Marshall in in 456 00:27:49,080 --> 00:27:52,520 Speaker 1: Double a CP lawyer who was actually later on in 457 00:27:52,560 --> 00:27:55,680 Speaker 1: the late sixties became the first black Supreme Court justice. 458 00:27:56,080 --> 00:28:00,439 Speaker 1: He argued, um, that segregation in public school rules is 459 00:28:00,920 --> 00:28:06,000 Speaker 1: I mean, it is flat out, very clearly unconstitutional. And 460 00:28:06,240 --> 00:28:08,440 Speaker 1: this is one of those times where every justice on 461 00:28:08,480 --> 00:28:12,159 Speaker 1: the Court agreed and said, yeah, that that that is 462 00:28:12,200 --> 00:28:17,440 Speaker 1: not constitutional in any way. Right. Um, so I think 463 00:28:17,480 --> 00:28:21,120 Speaker 1: they said that we uh, that we need to desegregate 464 00:28:21,200 --> 00:28:25,439 Speaker 1: with all all haste. I can't remember the exact wording, 465 00:28:25,480 --> 00:28:29,400 Speaker 1: but it was. It was vague enough that it was, yeah, 466 00:28:29,560 --> 00:28:33,800 Speaker 1: they're like, what exactly constitutes lickity split? Like, sure, it's 467 00:28:33,880 --> 00:28:36,879 Speaker 1: faster than a turtles crawl, but is it as fast 468 00:28:36,880 --> 00:28:40,880 Speaker 1: as a hair running? Um? And the Supreme Court but 469 00:28:41,040 --> 00:28:43,600 Speaker 1: that there was a huge backlash to that. It wasn't 470 00:28:43,640 --> 00:28:46,400 Speaker 1: just like, you know, especially the Southern States were like, 471 00:28:46,600 --> 00:28:48,400 Speaker 1: all right, you know, we had a pretty good run 472 00:28:48,440 --> 00:28:51,680 Speaker 1: at a segregated school system. It's you know, it's it's 473 00:28:51,720 --> 00:28:54,040 Speaker 1: run its course, and now it's time to disegregate. That's 474 00:28:54,080 --> 00:28:56,560 Speaker 1: not at all how it went. At the very least 475 00:28:56,960 --> 00:29:03,440 Speaker 1: local municipalities and even states tried to come up with 476 00:29:03,440 --> 00:29:09,080 Speaker 1: new laws that provided loopholes to segregation. UM. Some states said, well, fine, 477 00:29:09,120 --> 00:29:12,040 Speaker 1: maybe we'll just abolish public schools altogether and then we 478 00:29:12,040 --> 00:29:15,160 Speaker 1: don't have to follow this this federal law any longer. UM. 479 00:29:15,680 --> 00:29:19,120 Speaker 1: There were there was physical violence. There was just a 480 00:29:19,160 --> 00:29:23,800 Speaker 1: tremendous amount of pushback to the idea of desegregating schools, 481 00:29:24,240 --> 00:29:26,800 Speaker 1: and the whole thing like really kind of found its 482 00:29:26,880 --> 00:29:31,680 Speaker 1: fruition at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, UM, 483 00:29:32,080 --> 00:29:35,080 Speaker 1: which was I don't I don't know if it was 484 00:29:35,120 --> 00:29:38,760 Speaker 1: the first high school to be desegregated, UM or if 485 00:29:38,800 --> 00:29:42,680 Speaker 1: it was just the one that that was the most 486 00:29:42,800 --> 00:29:45,680 Speaker 1: nuts or the first one that was the most nuts. 487 00:29:46,240 --> 00:29:51,720 Speaker 1: But the the governor of Arkansas said not on my watch, 488 00:29:51,880 --> 00:29:54,600 Speaker 1: and he called out something like ten thousand National Guard 489 00:29:54,680 --> 00:29:57,400 Speaker 1: troops to be there on the first day of school, 490 00:29:57,440 --> 00:30:02,880 Speaker 1: I think September four, even to block the entry of 491 00:30:03,280 --> 00:30:05,200 Speaker 1: the kids who are known as the Little Rock nine 492 00:30:05,320 --> 00:30:09,160 Speaker 1: nine African American high school students whose bravery is just 493 00:30:09,240 --> 00:30:12,400 Speaker 1: breathtaking when you stop and think about it, who were 494 00:30:12,440 --> 00:30:16,200 Speaker 1: trying to go into this newly desegregated high school to 495 00:30:16,240 --> 00:30:19,080 Speaker 1: go to class and they were blocked for something like 496 00:30:19,240 --> 00:30:21,640 Speaker 1: I think twenty days before they could finally make their 497 00:30:21,680 --> 00:30:26,200 Speaker 1: way in. Yeah. This was after the Little Rock school 498 00:30:26,200 --> 00:30:30,200 Speaker 1: Board unanimously voted to integrate their schools. They were going 499 00:30:30,240 --> 00:30:32,760 Speaker 1: to start with high school that year, uh, and then 500 00:30:32,800 --> 00:30:35,520 Speaker 1: followed the following year with junior high and elementary school. 501 00:30:36,240 --> 00:30:39,480 Speaker 1: And like you said, those nine and not only brave kids, 502 00:30:39,520 --> 00:30:43,000 Speaker 1: but you know, families of those kids, because they all 503 00:30:43,080 --> 00:30:47,320 Speaker 1: had to endure what was coming obviously, Um, they tried 504 00:30:47,960 --> 00:30:52,000 Speaker 1: and it got Uh. This is the part that's really confusing, 505 00:30:52,080 --> 00:30:55,960 Speaker 1: because Governor Falbos went to Newport, Rhode Island to meet 506 00:30:56,000 --> 00:31:00,440 Speaker 1: with President Eisenhower about this. It's described as a brief meeting, 507 00:31:00,720 --> 00:31:06,000 Speaker 1: and Eisenhower supposedly thought that Falbos had agreed to enroll 508 00:31:06,120 --> 00:31:09,400 Speaker 1: these students and said that, you know, to go ahead 509 00:31:09,440 --> 00:31:12,160 Speaker 1: and keep those troops there to keep everything safe. And 510 00:31:12,200 --> 00:31:15,640 Speaker 1: I don't know if that was a genuine misunderstanding. UM. 511 00:31:15,680 --> 00:31:18,040 Speaker 1: I read lots of accounts of this, and it seems 512 00:31:18,200 --> 00:31:22,960 Speaker 1: to have been a misunderstanding. Uh. He got back to 513 00:31:23,360 --> 00:31:25,640 Speaker 1: a Little Rock, though, and there was a court order 514 00:31:25,640 --> 00:31:28,720 Speaker 1: on September from a federal judge that said you got 515 00:31:28,720 --> 00:31:31,959 Speaker 1: to get those troops out of there and let these 516 00:31:32,000 --> 00:31:35,200 Speaker 1: kids go to school. And they slipped him in, literally 517 00:31:35,240 --> 00:31:38,120 Speaker 1: slipped him in the side door, and a full scale 518 00:31:38,240 --> 00:31:42,560 Speaker 1: riot erupted. And uh, he you know, he allowed this 519 00:31:42,640 --> 00:31:45,920 Speaker 1: violence to happen, couldn't stop it, and they called up 520 00:31:45,960 --> 00:31:48,480 Speaker 1: for federal help at that time, and that's when Eisenhower 521 00:31:48,920 --> 00:31:52,000 Speaker 1: had to step in an issue Executive Order one oh 522 00:31:52,040 --> 00:31:55,800 Speaker 1: seven three zero, which called him the hundred and first Airborne. 523 00:31:56,280 --> 00:31:58,960 Speaker 1: The white troops of the one first Airborne, they withdrew 524 00:31:58,960 --> 00:32:03,160 Speaker 1: the Black troops. And um, they they didn't stay there 525 00:32:03,160 --> 00:32:05,920 Speaker 1: all year, but there were army units there for the 526 00:32:05,960 --> 00:32:11,160 Speaker 1: remainder of the academic year. Um. And one, one of 527 00:32:11,280 --> 00:32:15,160 Speaker 1: the Little Rock nine, UM was a senior and he graduated, 528 00:32:15,240 --> 00:32:18,120 Speaker 1: became one of the first African American students to graduate 529 00:32:18,160 --> 00:32:20,440 Speaker 1: from public high school in the US or from an 530 00:32:20,440 --> 00:32:25,920 Speaker 1: integrated high school. UM. I think four of the nine 531 00:32:26,760 --> 00:32:29,760 Speaker 1: who didn't four of the eight who didn't graduate, we're 532 00:32:29,760 --> 00:32:32,360 Speaker 1: willing to go back the next year. The others are like, 533 00:32:32,440 --> 00:32:35,920 Speaker 1: forget that, man, this is crazy. We literally need the 534 00:32:36,160 --> 00:32:39,680 Speaker 1: army to enforce it. Yeah. I mean when one girl 535 00:32:39,760 --> 00:32:42,760 Speaker 1: was pushed down the stairs, one girl had acid thrown 536 00:32:42,800 --> 00:32:47,360 Speaker 1: on her face. Um, they were berated and harangued on 537 00:32:47,400 --> 00:32:49,960 Speaker 1: a daily basis, not just by like students, but by 538 00:32:50,120 --> 00:32:53,320 Speaker 1: parents and stuff. It was just one of the ugliest 539 00:32:53,400 --> 00:32:57,760 Speaker 1: chapters of American history was UM desegregation of schools and 540 00:32:57,880 --> 00:33:01,520 Speaker 1: desegregation in general, but school was in particular because we're 541 00:33:01,560 --> 00:33:03,400 Speaker 1: talking about kids here, you know what I'm saying, kids 542 00:33:03,440 --> 00:33:06,600 Speaker 1: who are being subjected to that is about enough for 543 00:33:06,640 --> 00:33:10,720 Speaker 1: adults too, but for for you know, even teenagers on doubt, 544 00:33:10,680 --> 00:33:15,520 Speaker 1: it's just disgusting. Should we take another break? Yes, all right, 545 00:33:15,720 --> 00:33:17,160 Speaker 1: we're going to take a break, and we're going to 546 00:33:17,280 --> 00:33:20,800 Speaker 1: come back and wrap it up with the post civil 547 00:33:20,880 --> 00:33:23,320 Speaker 1: rights area years and where we stand today with the 548 00:33:23,720 --> 00:33:51,400 Speaker 1: a c P right after this, So chuck. The Double 549 00:33:51,480 --> 00:33:54,520 Speaker 1: a CP definitely had a huge hand along with a 550 00:33:54,560 --> 00:33:58,280 Speaker 1: bunch of other groups including the Southern Christian Leadership Conference 551 00:33:58,360 --> 00:34:01,720 Speaker 1: and the Student Non Lenk Coordinating Committee, just a lot 552 00:34:01,760 --> 00:34:05,760 Speaker 1: of different groups UM to help get some massive legislation 553 00:34:05,800 --> 00:34:08,000 Speaker 1: pass Remember we said from the outset, the Double a 554 00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:14,160 Speaker 1: CP had always been UM focused on social justice and 555 00:34:14,360 --> 00:34:19,960 Speaker 1: change improvement in the lives of African Americans through legislation 556 00:34:20,480 --> 00:34:24,640 Speaker 1: through basically federal government intervention saying Okay, everybody's equal. Now 557 00:34:24,719 --> 00:34:27,680 Speaker 1: we're going to enforce that. And they did it. They 558 00:34:27,719 --> 00:34:30,600 Speaker 1: got it passed with the Civil Rights Act, the Voting 559 00:34:30,719 --> 00:34:35,200 Speaker 1: Rights Act, the Fair Housing Act, um, the sweeping UH 560 00:34:36,360 --> 00:34:39,680 Speaker 1: reforms that were passed in the sixties. They basically achieved 561 00:34:39,680 --> 00:34:43,240 Speaker 1: their goal. And what's ironic is from almost that point 562 00:34:43,280 --> 00:34:46,799 Speaker 1: forward they were like, Okay, well, how do we how 563 00:34:46,800 --> 00:34:49,480 Speaker 1: do we proceed from here? And there's been a lot 564 00:34:49,560 --> 00:34:52,920 Speaker 1: of um opportunity for people to take pop shots at 565 00:34:52,920 --> 00:34:55,319 Speaker 1: the nub a CP in question the relevancy and the 566 00:34:55,320 --> 00:34:58,840 Speaker 1: post civil rights era UM, which I think when you 567 00:34:58,880 --> 00:35:02,040 Speaker 1: really kind of dig into it, is generally unfair, but 568 00:35:02,320 --> 00:35:04,759 Speaker 1: in some cases it's been warranted too. And you can 569 00:35:04,800 --> 00:35:06,719 Speaker 1: make a case that the a CP is still to 570 00:35:06,760 --> 00:35:10,480 Speaker 1: this day trying to figure out their their bearings again 571 00:35:10,760 --> 00:35:14,839 Speaker 1: in a post civil rights era. Yeah, this kind of 572 00:35:14,880 --> 00:35:17,840 Speaker 1: started in the seventies when there was a bit of 573 00:35:17,880 --> 00:35:22,399 Speaker 1: an ideological shift in protest and how that looks um 574 00:35:22,440 --> 00:35:25,600 Speaker 1: and instead of in the courtroom, we did great episode 575 00:35:25,600 --> 00:35:28,800 Speaker 1: on the Black Power or no, we did a Black Panther, 576 00:35:28,920 --> 00:35:31,480 Speaker 1: but it was part of the black power movement UM, 577 00:35:31,520 --> 00:35:34,160 Speaker 1: and that was a little more in fashion at the time, 578 00:35:34,200 --> 00:35:37,640 Speaker 1: a little more in your face kind of activism. The 579 00:35:37,680 --> 00:35:40,080 Speaker 1: indelible in double a CP I think was sort of 580 00:35:40,080 --> 00:35:42,279 Speaker 1: looked at a little bit is like, well, you know 581 00:35:42,320 --> 00:35:46,440 Speaker 1: that your that your grandfather's organization impression too. Yeah, and 582 00:35:46,520 --> 00:35:48,160 Speaker 1: like we wanna we want to get up in your 583 00:35:48,200 --> 00:35:51,560 Speaker 1: face and really make some news and make some change 584 00:35:51,600 --> 00:35:57,360 Speaker 1: that way. UM. I think revenue stayed pretty high, uh 585 00:35:57,400 --> 00:35:59,799 Speaker 1: in the mid seventies until they started getting hit with 586 00:35:59,800 --> 00:36:03,160 Speaker 1: a lot of lawsuits. There were always in court defending 587 00:36:03,200 --> 00:36:06,040 Speaker 1: things as well as is trying to get UM legislation 588 00:36:06,080 --> 00:36:09,600 Speaker 1: passed and and prosecuting things. But that left them on 589 00:36:09,640 --> 00:36:12,880 Speaker 1: the verge of bankruptcy at one point. Uh, there were 590 00:36:12,880 --> 00:36:16,719 Speaker 1: a couple of high profile presidents that were fired. UM, 591 00:36:16,800 --> 00:36:20,560 Speaker 1: there were allegations of financial mismanagement. UM. They had to 592 00:36:20,600 --> 00:36:23,240 Speaker 1: lay off a lot of its workforce in two thousand seven, 593 00:36:24,000 --> 00:36:27,520 Speaker 1: and so it's just it's been a little bit tougher 594 00:36:27,600 --> 00:36:31,880 Speaker 1: ROADAHO since the civil rights era. UM. In two thousand four, 595 00:36:31,960 --> 00:36:33,640 Speaker 1: the I R S Gun involved because they are a 596 00:36:33,680 --> 00:36:36,719 Speaker 1: nonprofit and they said you're supposed to be a nonpartisan 597 00:36:36,760 --> 00:36:41,000 Speaker 1: group here, and you're saying things in particular, UH, this 598 00:36:41,120 --> 00:36:45,319 Speaker 1: speech in two thousand four, which is um pretty much 599 00:36:45,440 --> 00:36:49,200 Speaker 1: very anti Bush and you can't do that as a nonprofit. 600 00:36:49,280 --> 00:36:54,080 Speaker 1: So it's been sort of a more um irregular path 601 00:36:54,120 --> 00:36:55,759 Speaker 1: that they've been on, and they've been trying to find 602 00:36:55,800 --> 00:36:57,920 Speaker 1: their way. I think, yeah, the n double a c 603 00:36:58,040 --> 00:37:00,920 Speaker 1: P has kind of been stuck in between a rock 604 00:37:00,960 --> 00:37:03,200 Speaker 1: and a hard place thing where they're accused on one 605 00:37:03,239 --> 00:37:06,959 Speaker 1: side of being way too moderate and not really active enough. 606 00:37:07,360 --> 00:37:09,920 Speaker 1: On the other side, they're accused of being anti republican, 607 00:37:10,120 --> 00:37:12,520 Speaker 1: you know, And they actually came out against that i 608 00:37:12,719 --> 00:37:14,960 Speaker 1: r S threat and investigation. There was a two year 609 00:37:14,960 --> 00:37:18,000 Speaker 1: investigation into whether or not they should hold their five 610 00:37:18,000 --> 00:37:21,439 Speaker 1: oh one C three status um, and they they came back. 611 00:37:21,480 --> 00:37:23,920 Speaker 1: They blasted back. Rather than just kind of taking it. 612 00:37:23,960 --> 00:37:26,120 Speaker 1: They said, well, wait a minute, Um, this is the 613 00:37:26,160 --> 00:37:29,040 Speaker 1: Bush Administration's i r S saying we shouldn't be talking 614 00:37:29,120 --> 00:37:32,240 Speaker 1: smack about President Bush or criticizing President Bush. That seems 615 00:37:32,360 --> 00:37:35,560 Speaker 1: fairly politically motivated. And the i r S ended up 616 00:37:35,640 --> 00:37:38,239 Speaker 1: dropping that investigation and they kept their five O one 617 00:37:38,280 --> 00:37:40,800 Speaker 1: C three status. So good for them on that tip. 618 00:37:41,239 --> 00:37:44,160 Speaker 1: But one of the other big problems I read, um, 619 00:37:44,320 --> 00:37:46,640 Speaker 1: you kind of said, like there was this especially during 620 00:37:46,640 --> 00:37:49,120 Speaker 1: the Black Power movement of the seventies, they were criticized 621 00:37:49,719 --> 00:37:51,920 Speaker 1: as not being in your face enough, of being just 622 00:37:52,000 --> 00:37:55,920 Speaker 1: too bureaucratic and slow moving. The same exact accusations are 623 00:37:55,960 --> 00:37:59,799 Speaker 1: being leveled against them still today. UM very much in 624 00:37:59,840 --> 00:38:03,600 Speaker 1: the face of the Black Lives Matter movement. UM. And 625 00:38:03,719 --> 00:38:06,000 Speaker 1: one of the big problems that the Double A c 626 00:38:06,160 --> 00:38:09,759 Speaker 1: P has is there's a it's a really centralized organization. 627 00:38:10,200 --> 00:38:14,439 Speaker 1: There's like, I think, branches across the United States. There's 628 00:38:14,480 --> 00:38:17,880 Speaker 1: a lot of different branches to keep up with. There's 629 00:38:18,360 --> 00:38:22,759 Speaker 1: a sixty four member board. It's amazing that they get 630 00:38:22,800 --> 00:38:27,760 Speaker 1: anything done, but that that huge UM, that that large 631 00:38:27,960 --> 00:38:31,400 Speaker 1: board has a big a lot of control over the 632 00:38:31,440 --> 00:38:34,480 Speaker 1: individual branches. Like apparently, if you're a branch, if you 633 00:38:34,520 --> 00:38:36,880 Speaker 1: want to go out and join like a march, you know, 634 00:38:37,200 --> 00:38:40,320 Speaker 1: against the death of George Floyd or against police brutality 635 00:38:40,400 --> 00:38:42,480 Speaker 1: or something like that, you want to get into the streets, 636 00:38:42,880 --> 00:38:45,200 Speaker 1: you have to get permission from the Double A CP 637 00:38:45,440 --> 00:38:49,080 Speaker 1: board first. UM. And that board is aging as well. 638 00:38:49,200 --> 00:38:52,040 Speaker 1: And there's a lot of criticism about it being slow moving, 639 00:38:52,040 --> 00:38:54,399 Speaker 1: about being out of touch, and about it being way 640 00:38:54,440 --> 00:38:58,440 Speaker 1: too bloated a bureaucracy to have a big impact like 641 00:38:58,480 --> 00:39:01,120 Speaker 1: it needs to have on the immediat lives of black 642 00:39:01,160 --> 00:39:04,160 Speaker 1: people and people of color in general today. So there's 643 00:39:04,160 --> 00:39:06,960 Speaker 1: a huge transition that the Double A CP is undergoing 644 00:39:07,080 --> 00:39:10,160 Speaker 1: right now. And um, I don't know that they have 645 00:39:10,200 --> 00:39:12,640 Speaker 1: found their way, but they seem to be rather aware 646 00:39:12,719 --> 00:39:15,440 Speaker 1: that they do need to find their way again. Um, 647 00:39:15,560 --> 00:39:19,560 Speaker 1: because it's an organization that depends largely on membership dues, 648 00:39:19,600 --> 00:39:22,640 Speaker 1: and if people think you're relevant or don't even realize 649 00:39:22,640 --> 00:39:25,120 Speaker 1: you're still around, they're not going to join and give 650 00:39:25,160 --> 00:39:26,959 Speaker 1: you membership dues. And it's going to make it harder 651 00:39:27,000 --> 00:39:29,880 Speaker 1: to actually get anything done. Do I need to say it? 652 00:39:30,520 --> 00:39:34,520 Speaker 1: Please do Josh Clark streamline get rid of that red 653 00:39:34,560 --> 00:39:41,920 Speaker 1: tape Josh Clark instead of like that Nixon like like 654 00:39:42,040 --> 00:39:45,440 Speaker 1: peace sign for victory thing, I'm gonna somehow replace my 655 00:39:45,520 --> 00:39:48,319 Speaker 1: fingers with all thumbs. This is gonna be like rule 656 00:39:48,320 --> 00:39:52,160 Speaker 1: of thumbs every which way. I love it. Uh. In 657 00:39:52,360 --> 00:39:55,920 Speaker 1: tw eleven, uh in Double A CP really kind of 658 00:39:55,920 --> 00:40:00,239 Speaker 1: formalize their march into the twenty one century. Uh. I 659 00:40:00,239 --> 00:40:03,799 Speaker 1: guess about eleven years too late. Uh, not too late, 660 00:40:03,800 --> 00:40:07,640 Speaker 1: but calendar wise. And they said that their focus were 661 00:40:07,680 --> 00:40:10,200 Speaker 1: what they call the six game changers, which right now 662 00:40:10,280 --> 00:40:16,200 Speaker 1: are economics, sustainability, education, health, public safety and criminal justice, 663 00:40:16,280 --> 00:40:22,239 Speaker 1: voting rights and political representation, and youth and young adult engagement. 664 00:40:23,080 --> 00:40:26,520 Speaker 1: And they're still at it these days. You can see 665 00:40:26,520 --> 00:40:32,120 Speaker 1: them protesting, litigating, lobbying. It might be over Confederate statues 666 00:40:32,200 --> 00:40:35,200 Speaker 1: in public squares. It might be in the form of 667 00:40:35,560 --> 00:40:37,920 Speaker 1: doing a sit in in the office of former Attorney 668 00:40:37,960 --> 00:40:44,120 Speaker 1: General Jeff Sessions. UM, it might be you know, reaching 669 00:40:44,160 --> 00:40:46,560 Speaker 1: out to Black Lives Matter and and people who were 670 00:40:46,640 --> 00:40:50,480 Speaker 1: part of that organization to see how they can work together. Uh, 671 00:40:50,520 --> 00:40:53,280 Speaker 1: They're they're trying, They're doing their best. I think now 672 00:40:53,560 --> 00:40:56,880 Speaker 1: it's about a half a million members, about twenty nine 673 00:40:56,920 --> 00:41:00,719 Speaker 1: million dollars as an organization in what did you say, 674 00:41:00,719 --> 00:41:05,239 Speaker 1: it's more than two thousand branches. Yeah, yeah, which is 675 00:41:05,520 --> 00:41:10,560 Speaker 1: that's a big lumbering organization, you know it is. Um. 676 00:41:10,600 --> 00:41:12,040 Speaker 1: One of the other problems I saw that they were 677 00:41:12,120 --> 00:41:14,319 Speaker 1: running into is that, like I said, they were kind 678 00:41:14,320 --> 00:41:17,960 Speaker 1: of victims of their own success. When you're agitating for legislation, 679 00:41:18,000 --> 00:41:20,200 Speaker 1: when the legislation gets past, what do you do next? 680 00:41:20,680 --> 00:41:22,360 Speaker 1: And one of the things that they're the double A 681 00:41:22,360 --> 00:41:24,840 Speaker 1: CP is credited for is paving the way for African 682 00:41:24,840 --> 00:41:28,640 Speaker 1: American office holders. And I was reading um something from 683 00:41:28,719 --> 00:41:32,960 Speaker 1: Wan Williams, who I guess is conservative now he defected 684 00:41:33,000 --> 00:41:37,239 Speaker 1: from MPR over to Fox years and years ago, but 685 00:41:37,320 --> 00:41:41,120 Speaker 1: he was saying that, Um, the irony of the election 686 00:41:41,160 --> 00:41:45,479 Speaker 1: of Obama and um other black office holders is that 687 00:41:45,880 --> 00:41:48,840 Speaker 1: it makes the N double A CP seem less relevant 688 00:41:48,960 --> 00:41:50,920 Speaker 1: because then people say, Okay, well, you know, the N 689 00:41:51,040 --> 00:41:53,480 Speaker 1: double A CP got these these guys into power, and 690 00:41:53,520 --> 00:41:55,640 Speaker 1: now we we can rely on them to make the 691 00:41:55,719 --> 00:41:58,400 Speaker 1: changes that the double A c P has been trying 692 00:41:58,440 --> 00:42:01,080 Speaker 1: to make. And so it's kind of like, yeah, there's 693 00:42:01,480 --> 00:42:06,319 Speaker 1: there there, They're they've achieved the changes that they've wanted to, 694 00:42:06,400 --> 00:42:09,080 Speaker 1: but now they have to figure out, Okay, what what's left? 695 00:42:09,160 --> 00:42:12,160 Speaker 1: What what what else needs to be UM focused on? 696 00:42:12,200 --> 00:42:14,839 Speaker 1: And how do we change that following the course that 697 00:42:14,880 --> 00:42:18,600 Speaker 1: we've plotted in the organization that we've we've structured for ourselves. 698 00:42:18,680 --> 00:42:20,360 Speaker 1: So thing's gonna be really interesting to see what the 699 00:42:20,560 --> 00:42:22,360 Speaker 1: double A CP does over the next like ten or 700 00:42:22,360 --> 00:42:25,520 Speaker 1: twenty years. I think the six Game Changers is uh 701 00:42:25,800 --> 00:42:30,360 Speaker 1: pretty good foundation. I agree, So hazzah to the Double 702 00:42:30,440 --> 00:42:32,799 Speaker 1: A c P. We're glad that we live in a 703 00:42:32,880 --> 00:42:35,880 Speaker 1: world that they're around, although we're sad that we live 704 00:42:35,920 --> 00:42:39,800 Speaker 1: in a world where they're needed. You know, Wow, boy, 705 00:42:40,120 --> 00:42:41,839 Speaker 1: do I need to say it? I just grew an 706 00:42:41,880 --> 00:42:47,440 Speaker 1: extra thumb. Think. Okay, Well, since chucked his laugh like that, 707 00:42:47,520 --> 00:42:52,520 Speaker 1: I think everybody's time for listener mail. This is from 708 00:42:52,520 --> 00:42:55,160 Speaker 1: a six year old and if you want to get 709 00:42:55,160 --> 00:43:00,160 Speaker 1: the listener mail, just be six mm hmm. That's my advice. Yeah. Uh, hi, 710 00:43:00,200 --> 00:43:02,239 Speaker 1: Josh and Chuck. My name is Christopher. I'm six years 711 00:43:02,239 --> 00:43:07,440 Speaker 1: old and from Toronto, Ontario, Canada. My mommy introduced me 712 00:43:07,520 --> 00:43:10,600 Speaker 1: to your show recently because I am very interested in 713 00:43:10,680 --> 00:43:14,520 Speaker 1: learning about everything and I love your podcast. Um, this 714 00:43:14,600 --> 00:43:16,960 Speaker 1: kid is like basically my daughter's age, by the way, 715 00:43:16,960 --> 00:43:20,319 Speaker 1: who could not care less about what I do. Well, 716 00:43:20,360 --> 00:43:22,600 Speaker 1: that's that's actually not true, but she certainly doesn't listen. 717 00:43:23,920 --> 00:43:25,440 Speaker 1: I had a movie question on the car the O day. 718 00:43:25,520 --> 00:43:30,120 Speaker 1: She said, is that Josh? She didn't. It's awesome. I 719 00:43:30,160 --> 00:43:33,239 Speaker 1: can't remember who I was interviewing, but did she say 720 00:43:33,280 --> 00:43:36,560 Speaker 1: that every time? No, she wondered if it was you. 721 00:43:37,239 --> 00:43:39,279 Speaker 1: Was it Mark Ruffalo because people say it sound like 722 00:43:39,320 --> 00:43:42,400 Speaker 1: Mark Ruffalo. No, but he tweeted about us once didn't 723 00:43:42,400 --> 00:43:49,359 Speaker 1: he no Navajo co talkers. Okay, I need to get 724 00:43:49,440 --> 00:43:52,880 Speaker 1: him on the show. Yeah you do. I really liked 725 00:43:52,920 --> 00:43:55,120 Speaker 1: the episode in Oregami. It's one of my favorites. I 726 00:43:55,200 --> 00:43:57,880 Speaker 1: also really like the one on Monopoly, and also the 727 00:43:57,920 --> 00:44:00,480 Speaker 1: one about peanut Butter. I think the more I listen, 728 00:44:00,560 --> 00:44:03,280 Speaker 1: the more favorites I'll have. Have you done an episode 729 00:44:03,280 --> 00:44:05,920 Speaker 1: on Harry Potter? If you have it, maybe you should. 730 00:44:06,400 --> 00:44:10,719 Speaker 1: I'm reading through the books now with my mommy. It's adorable. 731 00:44:11,360 --> 00:44:13,320 Speaker 1: I'm hoping that you might read my letter on listener 732 00:44:13,360 --> 00:44:15,120 Speaker 1: mail and I'll get to hear it. If you do, 733 00:44:15,440 --> 00:44:18,440 Speaker 1: can you tell me which episode? But if not, that's okay. 734 00:44:18,600 --> 00:44:19,920 Speaker 1: I just want to let you know that I think 735 00:44:19,960 --> 00:44:25,920 Speaker 1: you guys are really interesting and smart. Love love Christopher 736 00:44:26,120 --> 00:44:30,080 Speaker 1: mckelcher in. And then get this. My mom had to 737 00:44:30,120 --> 00:44:32,279 Speaker 1: type this for me, but I told her what to right. 738 00:44:32,920 --> 00:44:39,000 Speaker 1: Very nice dictated by Christopher. That's pretty great. Thanks a lot, Christopher. 739 00:44:39,200 --> 00:44:41,719 Speaker 1: We appreciate you. Um we have not done a Harry 740 00:44:41,719 --> 00:44:43,640 Speaker 1: Potter episode, and maybe we will some day, and if 741 00:44:43,640 --> 00:44:46,480 Speaker 1: we do, it will be because you asked for how 742 00:44:46,520 --> 00:44:49,720 Speaker 1: about that? Great? And Chuck, we just got to introduce 743 00:44:49,760 --> 00:44:51,600 Speaker 1: a six year old to the history of the N 744 00:44:51,640 --> 00:44:55,799 Speaker 1: double a CP I love it. Yeah. So if you 745 00:44:55,840 --> 00:44:58,319 Speaker 1: want to be like Christopher and get in touch with 746 00:44:58,440 --> 00:45:01,120 Speaker 1: us and tell us that you're six, you better be 747 00:45:01,239 --> 00:45:03,840 Speaker 1: six if you say that. Um. You can hit us 748 00:45:03,880 --> 00:45:11,160 Speaker 1: up via email at stuff podcast at iHeart radio dot com. 749 00:45:11,239 --> 00:45:13,400 Speaker 1: Stuff you Should Know is a production of iHeart Radio. 750 00:45:13,880 --> 00:45:16,120 Speaker 1: For more podcasts for my heart Radio, visit the iHeart 751 00:45:16,160 --> 00:45:18,680 Speaker 1: Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your 752 00:45:18,680 --> 00:45:23,080 Speaker 1: favorite shows. H