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Speaker 1: On this episode of a New World. When Andrew Biggio

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Speaker 1: returned from tours in Iraq and Afghanistan with US Marines,

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Speaker 1: he had huge questions about the price of war. He

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Speaker 1: decided to ask those who he knew would understand, veterans

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Speaker 1: of World War Two. His journey began when he bought

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Speaker 1: a nineteen forty five and won Grand Rifle and handed

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Speaker 1: it to his neighbor World War II veteran corporal Joseph Drego.

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Speaker 1: The rifle unlocked memories that Drego had kept on spoken

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Speaker 1: for fifty years. Now, over one hundred veteran signatures cover

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Speaker 1: Biggio's been one Grand Rifle, and he has heard both

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Speaker 1: the heroics and pain of the stories behind them. He

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Speaker 1: began sharing these veterans stories with the world in his

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Speaker 1: first book, The Rifle, and now he is back to

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Speaker 1: share more in the highly anticipated sequel, The Rifle Too.

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Speaker 1: Back to the Battlefield. So I'm really pleased to welcome

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Speaker 1: back my guest, Andrew Biggio. He served as an infantry

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Speaker 1: sergeant in the US Marine Corps as a veteran of

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Speaker 1: Iraq and Afghanistan. He currently serves on the police force

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Speaker 1: in Boston, Massachusetts. And as president of New England's Wounded

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Speaker 1: Veterans Inc. Andrew, welcome back and thank you for joining

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Speaker 1: me again on Newtsworld.

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Speaker 2: Thanks for having me again. That's awesome to be back.

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Speaker 2: And never thought this project would spawn a second book.

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Speaker 1: You did a remarkable job. You know. You last joined

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Speaker 1: me on Newtsworld in June of twenty twenty one to

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Speaker 1: talk about your first book, The Rifle Combat Stories from

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Speaker 1: America's Last World War Two Veterans Told to An m

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Speaker 1: one garand which became a bestseller. I understand you sold

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Speaker 1: forty thousand copies. That's an extraordinary success for your first book.

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Speaker 1: Why do you think your first book resonated with readers.

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Speaker 2: I think because I think it's the first time we've

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Speaker 2: ever seen, in my opinion, the youngest generation of veteran

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Speaker 2: in this country right post nine to eleven veteran Iraq, Afghanistan,

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Speaker 2: saying goodbye to the oldest generation of a veteran, which

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Speaker 2: would be World War Two right now, and put two

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Speaker 2: of them in the same room and talk about everything

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Speaker 2: from the things that weren't so great about the greatest

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Speaker 2: generation to World War Two veterans who don't want to

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Speaker 2: die with their secrets who have never talked.

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Speaker 3: About it until now. I think there's a lot of that.

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Speaker 2: I think this book, and I've been told by other

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Speaker 2: best selling authors who have written many more books about

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Speaker 2: World War Two than me, that this is some of

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Speaker 2: the last best first hand accounts of World War Two

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Speaker 2: thanks to my project.

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Speaker 1: Do you think the fact that you had been in

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Speaker 1: combat and you experience it yourself gave them a sense

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Speaker 1: of camaraderie that let them open up a little more personally.

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Speaker 2: I think I absolutely was trusted a little bit more

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Speaker 2: than the average reporter, investigator, interviewer because I had people

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Speaker 2: reach out to me saying, hey, I was trying to

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Speaker 2: get in touch with mister Smith for so many years.

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Speaker 3: How did you do it?

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Speaker 2: And a lot of that had to do with guilting

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Speaker 2: them into wanting to meet with me and talk with me.

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Speaker 2: I hate to say it like that, but I would

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Speaker 2: always say, listen, I understand that you don't want to

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Speaker 2: relive what you went through in World War Two, but

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Speaker 2: this young generation of veterans need to know the secrets.

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Speaker 2: I want to prevent as many veterans as I can

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Speaker 2: from falling through the cracks. Tell us what you saw,

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Speaker 2: what you went through and how you were able to

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Speaker 2: have a long, successful life after combat, have a family,

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Speaker 2: have kids, I have a career, go to college, what

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Speaker 2: have you.

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Speaker 3: And so I did a lot of that in book one.

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Speaker 2: So book two I did cover some chapters of guys

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Speaker 2: who did fall through the cracks. World War two veterans

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Speaker 2: who may have become alcoholics, some of them who lied

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Speaker 2: about their service for years, guys who did prison time,

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Speaker 2: guys who attempted to take their own lives. You know,

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Speaker 2: this was stuff that I steered away from in volume one.

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Speaker 1: I'm really curious this all begins because you buy nineteen

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Speaker 1: forty five m one to honor your great uncle who

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Speaker 1: was a US Army soldier who died on the hills

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Speaker 1: of the Italian countryside. What was that moment when you said,

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Speaker 1: I'm going to go do this.

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Speaker 2: In Massachusetts, we name the intersections after fallen service members

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Speaker 2: everything from World War One to Vietnam to present day.

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Speaker 2: And I had to pass by Andrew Biggio Square every

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Speaker 2: single day after I had returned home from Iraq in Afghanistan,

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Speaker 2: to see my own name up there, which you know,

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Speaker 2: obviously wasn't my name. It's my namesake. It's the man

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Speaker 2: I was named after, who died when he was nineteen.

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Speaker 2: I got sick of seeing that sign and not knowing

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Speaker 2: what happened to him, and not knowing how I could

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Speaker 2: honor him. Since I got to live and I got

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Speaker 2: to carry on the name. So you know, I read

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Speaker 2: through his letters that he wrote home before he was

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Speaker 2: killed in how much he enjoyed the M one rifle.

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Speaker 2: So I bought that rifle and I started to take

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Speaker 2: it to other World War Two veterans to see if

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Speaker 2: they loved it just as much and what memories it

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Speaker 2: would bring back to them. And it spawned this amazing journey.

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Speaker 2: And I know when you introduced me, you said it

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Speaker 2: was signed by over one hundred veterans, and that was

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Speaker 2: true when I last time I was on the show.

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Speaker 2: Now I have three hundred and twenty names on this

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Speaker 2: M one rifle that's right here behind me.

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Speaker 3: Wow, three hundred.

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Speaker 2: You can't even see the wooden stock anymore, you know,

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Speaker 2: both sides covered. I chose to represent the entire war.

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Speaker 3: On that rifle.

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Speaker 2: There is everything from Medal of Honor recipients to cooks

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Speaker 2: to sailors, to airman to pilots to POW's to you

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Speaker 2: name it, every campaign, every island, everything is represented on

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Speaker 2: this one single rifle.

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Speaker 1: But when you buy the rifle, you then go next

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Speaker 1: door to your neighbor. Did you know at that point

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Speaker 1: do you're going to trigger the kind of conversation and

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Speaker 1: openness and depth that occurred.

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Speaker 2: I had no clue. Joe Drego was a friend of

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Speaker 2: mine and a neighbor. And when I met him, he

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Speaker 2: was ninety two, very not getting around any much, you know,

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Speaker 2: bound to his recliner. And then when I put this

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Speaker 2: rifle into his hands, the way he shouldered it, raised

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Speaker 2: it up like it was nothing. The best was the

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Speaker 2: smile from ear to ear. You know, he went from

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Speaker 2: ninety two to nineteen years old again. And we sat

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Speaker 2: there and we talked about the Battle of Okinawa for

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Speaker 2: three hours, and it was the most therapeutic session anyone

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Speaker 2: could ask for. He really painted the fact that you know,

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Speaker 2: I don't have to live in the shadows of World

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Speaker 2: War two veterans, and sometimes the World War two veterans

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Speaker 2: did things that people call us the greatest generation, but

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Speaker 2: we did some not so great things to win World

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Speaker 2: War Two.

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Speaker 3: And he normalized my service. He really did.

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Speaker 2: He gave me something that propaganda couldn't cover up or

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Speaker 2: movies couldn't pretend that, you know, World War two veterans

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Speaker 2: are perfect and flawless.

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Speaker 3: He gave me it how it actually was.

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Speaker 1: When did you realize that this would be a great book,

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Speaker 1: that this was something that was your destiny.

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Speaker 2: I think the feedback from the veterans I served with,

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Speaker 2: who's a pinions and criticism.

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Speaker 3: Were important to me.

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Speaker 2: And then, of course these World War II veterans that

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Speaker 2: actually were coming out of the woodwork, guys I hadn't

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Speaker 2: interviewed yet, who had not signed the rifle, writing me

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Speaker 2: letters and emails of what they thought about the book

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Speaker 2: and the project.

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Speaker 3: And that's what I knew onto something.

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Speaker 2: And then most importantly, when I would write a chapter

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Speaker 2: of the book, reread that to the veteran who I

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Speaker 2: met and have them approve it and say, wow, that's amazing.

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Speaker 2: I've never heard anyone tell my story that way. I

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Speaker 2: knew I was onto something.

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Speaker 1: Hi. This is NEWT and my new book, March the Majority,

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Speaker 1: the sixteen year campaign to write the Contract with America,

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Speaker 1: forty years, and how we worked with President Bill Clinton

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Speaker 1: to pass major reforms, including four consecutive balance budgets. March

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Speaker 1: sixty dot com slash book. Did you have any particular pattern? Mean?

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Speaker 1: Do they come to you? Do you go to them?

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Speaker 1: How did you track down folks?

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Speaker 2: Originally, when I was just a kid with a rifle

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Speaker 2: and asking them to come to someone living room, I

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Speaker 2: was reading the after action reports of World War two

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Speaker 2: specific divisions or battles, and I'd pick names. I'd pluck

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Speaker 2: names out of these morning reports after action reports, and

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Speaker 2: I would google these men right to see if I

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Speaker 2: could find an obituary to see if they was still alive.

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Speaker 2: And man, I can't believe how many World War Two

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Speaker 2: veterans passed away in the eighties.

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Speaker 3: But these guys who I.

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Speaker 2: Would find that would be still living and living on

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Speaker 2: their own and actually answer their phone.

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Speaker 3: I would say, Hey, here's who I am. I'm a veteran,

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Speaker 3: my uncle was killed in World War Two.

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Speaker 2: I'm doing this thing, and I'd get it either a

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Speaker 2: click I was a scam, they'd hang up on me,

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Speaker 2: or I would get a lonely man who doesn't have

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Speaker 2: many visitors, has outlived his own spouse and his friends,

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Speaker 2: inviting me to come to his house. And for those

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Speaker 2: veterans that were hesitant, I would end up writing them

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Speaker 2: letters and showing them pitches of the rifle, and then

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Speaker 2: I'd get the invitation to come over.

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Speaker 3: So it wasn't always easy.

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Speaker 2: But now, because of the traction that's got, and because

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Speaker 2: of the hundreds of thousands of followers on social media,

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Speaker 2: people are just dropping into.

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Speaker 3: My inbox and my emails with.

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Speaker 2: Referrals of veterans out of their grandfathers, their great grandfathers

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Speaker 2: in their neighbors.

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Speaker 1: When you would be told a story how do you

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Speaker 1: go back and verify it or do you.

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Speaker 3: That's a great question. That's a great question.

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Speaker 2: Well, in Rifle Too, you're going to find out how

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Speaker 2: I was burned severely.

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Speaker 3: I had a guy get me good, you know.

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Speaker 2: And being a police officer and a former detective, I

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Speaker 2: did a lot of good weeding out people that were

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Speaker 2: full of it or lying or things like that. But

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Speaker 2: some of these veterans have been lying for seventy five years,

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Speaker 2: eighty years. They're so good at it, you know, and

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Speaker 2: they've lied to their own family members. And I go

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Speaker 2: into the book about different reasons on why they lied,

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Speaker 2: But one of the main reasons was nobody wanted to

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Speaker 2: come home from World War Two not a hero. The

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Speaker 2: World War Two vets were paraded and these big parades

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Speaker 2: and the cover of newspapers, every movie, John Wayne and

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Speaker 2: all the stuff, and everybody wanted to be a hero.

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Speaker 2: And it was just hard to validate stuff back then

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Speaker 2: because the war was so huge.

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Speaker 3: You could say that you.

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Speaker 2: Took out seventeen Japanese pillboxes and go with it. But

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Speaker 2: nowadays we have so many with the after action reports

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Speaker 2: and things like that that were declassified after two thousand

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Speaker 2: and six, you can read the morning reports on what

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Speaker 2: that particular company did or platoon member did and who

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Speaker 2: got awards and who didn't, and then you can find

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Speaker 2: other living veterans and other guys who gave testimonies already,

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Speaker 2: and you know, you can do national Archive requests four

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Speaker 2: discharge papers to see if this veteran really did earn.

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Speaker 3: Five purple hearts. Let's just say so, I did.

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Speaker 2: A lot of that and one guy did get me

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Speaker 2: really good. And it wasn't until I was standing in Normandy,

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Speaker 2: France with him that I realized he was a liar.

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Speaker 1: You know.

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Speaker 3: So it's a good story. It's a good story.

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Speaker 1: Did you include his story in the book? But point

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Speaker 1: out it's not true.

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Speaker 3: I did. I changed his name though.

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Speaker 1: You particularly wanted to get a story about the island

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Speaker 1: of Pelu, which was a huge fight, one of the

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Speaker 1: most bitter fights that the Marines had. We took a

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Speaker 1: lot of casualties. Why were you that interested in that

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Speaker 1: particular fight?

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Speaker 2: First things, First is because I was a US Marine myself. Second,

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Speaker 2: was with a big upset was and I know what

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Speaker 2: it's like to be upset, especially knowing that I have

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Speaker 2: no idea what the future of Afghanistan is the relations

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Speaker 2: between Pelolou right, which never got used by the government either.

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Speaker 3: They never used Pelolu.

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Speaker 2: For a bombing campaign, They never used Pelolu for a airstrip.

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Speaker 2: All these marines gave their life and fought in coral

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Speaker 2: rock mountains in aar fields and had no water for days,

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Speaker 2: and they never made the real use for Pelolu, And

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Speaker 2: that was a very upset, that's very sad. And so

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Speaker 2: I could see a lot of the frustration that a

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Speaker 2: Pelolou veteran could have had that are similar to an

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Speaker 2: Afghanistian war veteran, and to meet a particular veteran who

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Speaker 2: survived the awful fighting. And I mean this was an

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Speaker 2: island where we saw a lot of macarb things done

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Speaker 2: to one an other marines find one of their own

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Speaker 2: tied to a tree with his head cut off, and

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Speaker 2: then you see marines returning the favor with flame throwers

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Speaker 2: and collecting gold teeth and things like that. And I

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Speaker 2: got one of the best first hand accounts of that

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Speaker 2: stuff by a gentleman by the name of Emilio Maglikan

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Speaker 2: who was with Able Company, first Battalion, fifth Marines.

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Speaker 1: That was really one of the I guess one of

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Speaker 1: the most bitter fights in the whole Pacific campaign.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, it was.

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Speaker 2: The Japanese aid did not surrender and the Marines got

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Speaker 2: to the beach and realized all their water had been

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Speaker 2: put in forming oil drums, so the water was now

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Speaker 2: polluted with oil, and trying to get new water to

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Speaker 2: the beachhead was very difficult while the first Marine Division

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Speaker 2: was still trying to make it advance. And then the

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Speaker 2: way that the Japanese retreated into these coral rock mountains

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Speaker 2: that even with nail airfire and airplanes we could not

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Speaker 2: penetrate the tunnels the caves of pillboxes, so it was

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Speaker 2: really hand to hand combat marines having to hump flame

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Speaker 2: throwers up there to try to get rid of these

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Speaker 2: Japanese enemy emplacements.

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Speaker 3: And then at the.

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Speaker 2: End of it, there was never any development of that

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Speaker 2: island for real strategic to win World War two, to

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Speaker 2: win the Pacific dator.

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Speaker 1: I think it's kind of intriguing with all the high

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Speaker 1: technology stuff. One of the great breakthroughs in the war

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Speaker 1: for US was the use of Native Americans, and you

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Speaker 1: got involved in that and you talked to several of

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Speaker 1: the code talkers of the book, what was your sense

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Speaker 1: of the various Native Americans who came in and really

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Speaker 1: were able to stop the Japanese who couldn't break the

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Speaker 1: code because they didn't understand any of the languages that

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Speaker 1: were being spoken.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I thought it was interesting because I never knew

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Speaker 2: that there was twelve different I guess you'd call him

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Speaker 2: dialects or types of Native American language spoken during World

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Speaker 2: War Two. So the Navajo code talkers, they're the most

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Speaker 2: famous because they were in the Marines, and the Marines

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Speaker 2: had the best propaganda of that time thanks to their

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Speaker 2: uniforms and the flag raising on Eo Jima. But there

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Speaker 2: was Aroquois code talkers. There was Mohawk code talkers, seminal

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Speaker 2: code talkers. And I got to meet a Mohawk code

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Speaker 2: talker at age ninety nine on the reservation up in

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Speaker 2: New York, and he was on the New York Canadian

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Speaker 2: border up there, and what he did to protect the

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Speaker 2: code in the island of the Philippines. He was a

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Speaker 2: US Army soldier, a signalman, you know, radio man, and

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Speaker 2: there were times where he said he'd be speaking mohawk

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Speaker 2: to another Mohawk code talker on the other end of

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Speaker 2: the radio and things would just go silent, and that

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Speaker 2: would most likely believe that that soldier had gotten killed

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Speaker 2: or overrun. And it was amazing what those guys did

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Speaker 2: to come together. And some of them were so young

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Speaker 2: that they couldn't enlist in the mid military, so they

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Speaker 2: had their parents sign off for them, and their parents

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Speaker 2: couldn't read or write English, so a lot of these

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Speaker 2: enlistment papers are done with just symbols of their parents.

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Speaker 1: You still have about one hundred and fifty thousand World

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Speaker 1: War Two veterans who are still alive, and I know

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Speaker 1: you had an opportunity to actually be at the Capitol

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Speaker 1: when herschel Woody Williams was recognized in the rotunda. He

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Speaker 1: was the last Medal of Honor recipient from World War Two.

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Speaker 1: What was that like to be there and see, I

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Speaker 1: think on behalf of all the World War Two veterans,

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Speaker 1: this great soldier being recognized in the national capital.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, that was my first time I think, actually being

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Speaker 2: in the national capital and to see the flag draped

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Speaker 2: coffin of the last Medal of Honor recipient in there historic,

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Speaker 2: absolutely historic, and it was just also a gigantic symbol.

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Speaker 2: It was a milestone to let us know that the

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Speaker 2: World War two generation only has single digit amount of

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Speaker 2: years left to be amongst us.

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Speaker 3: I think it was a huge awakening.

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Speaker 1: I was a little surprised you wrote this book will

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Speaker 1: mark the end of my World War II research. You

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Speaker 1: feel like after two volumes you need to go on

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Speaker 1: to something else.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, because chasing ghosts is not easy. I spent a

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Speaker 2: lot of time away from my family and kids.

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Speaker 3: Now I have two sons.

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Speaker 2: These are things that didn't exist before I started getting

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Speaker 2: stagatures on this rifle. And to try to get an

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Speaker 2: accurate description of a particular battle or a particular veteran,

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Speaker 2: I might have to leave Boston go to Bend, Oregon

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Speaker 2: just to hear it.

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Speaker 3: And it never used to be like that.

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Speaker 2: A lot of authors who have written books about World

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Speaker 2: War Two back in the seventies, sixties, eighties, At that time,

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Speaker 2: they were fortunate to have veterans in their own home

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Speaker 2: state or even their hometown went through particular battles or

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Speaker 2: in certain divisions.

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Speaker 3: And that's just not the case anymore. It's not. And

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Speaker 3: I think I've dog my.

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Speaker 2: Due diligence with two and hopefully two best selling books

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Speaker 2: to portray some of the last first hand accounts, and

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Speaker 2: I'm ready to take on another group of veterans or

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Speaker 2: even write books about police officers and so forth.

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Speaker 1: Are you at all tempted by the Korean War, which

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Speaker 1: had certainly had extraordinary a number of very heroic and

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Speaker 1: very difficult fights.

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Speaker 2: A lot of people asking me about the Korean War,

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Speaker 2: And the sad truth is this is actually less Korean

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Speaker 2: War veterans than there are World War Two veterans. It

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Speaker 2: would probably be easier to write a book about World

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Speaker 2: War Two right now.

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Speaker 1: I hadn't thought of that. My dad, who's passed away,

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Speaker 1: was very briefly World War Two, but then served in

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Speaker 1: Korea and became regular arms.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, there's less Korean War combat veterans than there are

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Speaker 2: World War Two veterans.

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Speaker 1: That's amazing when you think about it. With all the

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Speaker 1: interviews you've done, what do you think is the greatest

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Speaker 1: lesson you learned from the World War Two veterans you

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Speaker 1: talked with.

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Speaker 2: It's funny because you know, in my police job, things

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Speaker 2: are a lot stressful, and sometimes I would take stress home.

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Speaker 2: And I think I've met a lot of World War

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Speaker 2: Two veterans who then became police officers also, and they

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Speaker 2: didn't just teach me how to become a good veteran,

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Speaker 2: but they taught me how to be a good father,

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Speaker 2: a good husband, a good neighbor, a good community person.

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Speaker 2: And I try to take that stuff away, not just

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Speaker 2: the how to deal with what you saw in war,

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Speaker 2: but how to make the longevity you can with the

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Speaker 2: career you chose and the different types of mentalities that

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Speaker 2: you may have inherited from your experiences. And that's what

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Speaker 2: I try to when I look at the rifle, I

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Speaker 2: try to think of these noble men who some of

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Speaker 2: them had bumpy roads, some of them set the example

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Speaker 2: on how to live a life after war.

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Speaker 1: Are you all tempted to maybe do something similar with

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Speaker 1: policemen since you are a policeman and with all the

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Speaker 1: challenges we have now, with you know, people killing cops

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Speaker 1: and kind of attitude that is really, I think, very scary.

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Speaker 3: It's very scary.

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Speaker 2: You never know the person you're going to encounter is

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Speaker 2: going to be someone who supports police or someone that

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Speaker 2: would love to film your death.

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Speaker 3: It's rough.

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Speaker 2: I like to hope to believe that it's more of

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Speaker 2: a seventy five percent support cops out there than twenty

400
00:20:36,040 --> 00:20:39,160
Speaker 2: five percent don't. I try to believe that maybe I'm

401
00:20:39,160 --> 00:20:43,320
Speaker 2: in denial and it's actually fifty to fifty. But I

402
00:20:43,480 --> 00:20:47,480
Speaker 2: want to do something either where I interview wounded veterans

403
00:20:47,480 --> 00:20:50,080
Speaker 2: of Iraq and Afghanistan. Because right now you have the

404
00:20:50,119 --> 00:20:54,720
Speaker 2: survivability rate of injuries are the most highs of any war.

405
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Speaker 2: Thanks to the development and technology and evacuation from the battlefield.

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Speaker 2: You have veterans that have survived injuries that have never

407
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Speaker 2: survived these kinds of injuries in any other war. So

408
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Speaker 2: I was thinking about interviewing a group of these men

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Speaker 2: about their life, recovery and recuperation after the global War

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Speaker 2: on Terrorism. And I've also thought about doing something with

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Speaker 2: police officers whose stories aren't always covered in the news,

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Speaker 2: that have done absolutely herrod things.

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Speaker 1: It's interesting because I think, particularly in the current environment,

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Speaker 1: it takes fully as much courage to be a policeman

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Speaker 1: as it does to be in the military. As you know,

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Speaker 1: because you live it every day you go out, you're

417
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Speaker 1: a world that could suddenly turn dangerous instantaneously.

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Speaker 3: It's the truth.

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Speaker 2: I mean, I've almost lost my life more times as

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Speaker 2: a police officer than I did as a marine.

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Speaker 3: Knock on wood, and I want the Good Lord.

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Speaker 2: To stay with me, and I want to just help

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Speaker 2: the people in the community that need it well.

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Speaker 1: I want here to know that whatever you decide to

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Speaker 1: do next, we'd love to have you come back and

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Speaker 1: share it with us, because you do very interesting work

427
00:21:59,160 --> 00:22:03,159
Speaker 1: and very patriotic work, and I think work that brings

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00:22:03,240 --> 00:22:07,159
Speaker 1: hope and a sense of fulfillment to a lot of people.

429
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Speaker 1: I think that you're giving dem a chance to get

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Speaker 1: their life out in the open, to share with others,

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Speaker 1: and to really help us come in touch with sort

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Speaker 1: of the best of the American tradition. And whether you

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Speaker 1: do it on veterans or you do it about the police,

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Speaker 1: I'm confident that you've now really developed the ability to

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Speaker 1: listen well and to draw out of people great stories

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00:22:30,280 --> 00:22:34,240
Speaker 1: and great insights and remarkable recommendations. So I want to

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Speaker 1: thank you for joining me and for honoring the stories

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Speaker 1: of those who served our country and both of your books.

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Speaker 1: I think of it genuinely as a work of dedication

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00:22:44,960 --> 00:22:48,440
Speaker 1: on your part and a work of patriotism. Your new book,

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Speaker 1: The Rifle Too, Back to the Battlefield is available on

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00:22:51,640 --> 00:22:54,960
Speaker 1: Amazon and bookstores everywhere, and we'll have it on our

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Speaker 1: show page. So Andrew, Thank you so much for sharing

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Speaker 1: your work and your thoughts with us.

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Speaker 3: Thank you for having me glad to be back.

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Speaker 1: Thank you to my guest Andrew Biggio. You can get

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Speaker 1: a link to buy his new book, The Rifle Too

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Speaker 1: Back to the Battlefield on our show page at newtsworld

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Speaker 1: dot com. Newsworld is produced by Gingrish three sixty and iHeartMedia.

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00:23:21,600 --> 00:23:25,240
Speaker 1: Our executive producer is Guarnsey Sloan and our researcher is

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Speaker 1: Rachel Peterson. The artwork for the show was created by

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Speaker 1: Steve Penley. Special thanks to the team at Gingrish three sixty.

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Speaker 1: If you've been enjoying Newtsworld, I hope you'll go to

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Speaker 1: Apple Podcast and both rate us with five stars and

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Speaker 1: give us a review so others can learn what it's

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Speaker 1: all about. Right now, listeners of Newtsworld can sign up

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Speaker 1: from my three freeweekly columns at gingristree sixty dot com

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Speaker 1: slash newsletter. I'm newt Gingrich. This is Newtsworld.