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Speaker 1: Hello everyone, it's Eves checking in here to let you

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Speaker 1: know that you're going to be hearing two different events

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Speaker 1: in history in this episode, one from me and one

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Speaker 1: from Tracy V. Wilson. They're both good, if I do

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Speaker 1: say so myself. On with the show. Welcome to this

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Speaker 1: day in History Class from how Stuff Works dot com

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Speaker 1: and from the desk of Stuff You Missed in History Class.

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Speaker 1: It's the show where we explore the past one day

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Speaker 1: at a time with a quick look at what happened

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Speaker 1: today in history. Hello and welcome to the podcast. I'm

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Speaker 1: Tracy V. Wilson, and it's December eight Christina of Sweden

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Speaker 1: was born on the day in sixteen six and the

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Speaker 1: old style Julian calendar and in the new style Gregorian

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Speaker 1: calendar that was December eighteen. Her parents were King Gustav

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Speaker 1: the Second Adolf and Maria Eleanora of Brandenburg. They were

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Speaker 1: the King and Queen of Sweden, and her father had

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Speaker 1: grown very concerned about whether he would have an air

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Speaker 1: before Christina was born. Her parents had been through two

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Speaker 1: stillbirths and the death of an infant daughter. There were

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Speaker 1: other people close to the line of succession who had

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Speaker 1: plenty of airs, so This was caused for concern when

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Speaker 1: Christina was born slightly premature and in a call the

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Speaker 1: midwives announced that the king had a son. And it

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Speaker 1: wasn't until the following day, after a lot of celebration

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Speaker 1: of the birth of a long awaited air, that the

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Speaker 1: midwives finally admitted that they had made a mistake and

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Speaker 1: that they should have said Christina was a girl. This

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Speaker 1: has led to some speculation about whether Christina was intersex,

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Speaker 1: or whether her body was just ambiguous, or whether it

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Speaker 1: was a matter of poor lighting and the midwives seeing

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Speaker 1: what they really wanted to see. Everyone really really wanted

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Speaker 1: a son regardless. Though the king decided to raise Christina

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Speaker 1: as a prince, he warmed up to the idea of

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Speaker 1: having a daughter, but he raised her in many ways

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Speaker 1: as a son as she grew up. This suited her

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Speaker 1: just fine. She was not very fond of the things

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Speaker 1: that women were expected to do during the day, and

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Speaker 1: her father wanted her to learn to ride and fight

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Speaker 1: and handle a bow, and she did all of that.

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Speaker 1: Not only that she did it really well, she really

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Speaker 1: enjoyed it. Her demeanor was just not at all what

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Speaker 1: people thought of as feminine, so it wasn't all that

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Speaker 1: uncommon for royal girls to have the same education as

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Speaker 1: their brothers and their male cousins, but it was pretty

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Speaker 1: uncommon for them to have been as excited about fighting

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Speaker 1: and hunting and whatnot as Christina was. When Christina was five, though,

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Speaker 1: her father died and her mother, whose behavior and emotional

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Speaker 1: state had become increasingly erratic, took her away from her

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Speaker 1: home and the cousins that she'd been living with, where

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Speaker 1: she had been pretty happy until that point. Even though

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Speaker 1: she was the only daughter of the late king, Christina's

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Speaker 1: ascension to the throne had to be approved by Parliament,

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Speaker 1: which is known as the Reek's dog. They ultimately did approve,

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Speaker 1: and by the age of fourteen she was attending council meetings.

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Speaker 1: She became queen at eighteen, although her formal coronation wasn't

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Speaker 1: until she was twenty three. By the time of her coronation,

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Speaker 1: though she was already thinking about abdicating. She had pulled

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Speaker 1: some strings to get a cousin named as her successor,

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Speaker 1: insisting that she had no desire to marry. It was

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Speaker 1: the same cousin that everyone wanted her to marry, and

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Speaker 1: she did finally abdicate and moved to Rome and converted

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Speaker 1: to Catholicism. She seems to have had some second thoughts

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Speaker 1: about this abdication later on, though she tried and failed

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Speaker 1: to take over the throne of Poland Lithuania. She hoped

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Speaker 1: to become the queen of Sweden again after that successor

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Speaker 1: she'd had names suddenly died at a young age, but

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Speaker 1: none of that worked out. Christina wasn't ever known as

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Speaker 1: a particularly good ruler. I mean, she did decide to

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Speaker 1: abdicate before she was even ound, but she was an

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Speaker 1: extremely learned woman. She spoke multiple languages, including of course

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Speaker 1: Swedish plus Greek, Latin, German, French, Flemish, Italian, Spanish, and Finnish,

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Speaker 1: with also a little Hebrew in Arabic. She helped start

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Speaker 1: the first Swedish newspaper in sixteen forty five, as well

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Speaker 1: as Sweden's first public opera house and its first universal

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Speaker 1: public school program. She collected a huge amount of art

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Speaker 1: and literature. Her collection of books and manuscripts later on

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Speaker 1: became part of the Vatican Library. So even though she

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Speaker 1: was maybe not the greatest as a queen or a king,

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Speaker 1: depended on how you wanted to look at it, she

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Speaker 1: did other stuff pretty well, and she died in sixteen

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Speaker 1: eighty nine at the age of sixty two. You can

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Speaker 1: learn more about her in the October episode of Stuff

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Speaker 1: You Missed in History Class. Thanks to Casey Pigram and

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Speaker 1: Chandler Maze for their audio work on the show, you

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Speaker 1: can subscribe to The Day in History Class on Apple

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Speaker 1: podcast Scoogle Podcast, the I Heart Radio app, and wherever

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Speaker 1: else you get a podcast. Tune in tomorrow for the

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Speaker 1: establishment of a state. Hey, y'all, I'm Eves. Welcome to

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Speaker 1: this Day in History Class, a show where we one

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Speaker 1: day ship nuggets of history straight to your brain through

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Speaker 1: your ear hole. The day was December eighth, eighteen sixty four.

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Speaker 1: French sculptor Camille Clodell was born in fair Untard, Nois, France.

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Speaker 1: A lot of emphasis has been placed on her relationship

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Speaker 1: with sculptor Augusta Rodin, but Clodel herself was a prolific

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Speaker 1: and acclaimed artist. Clodell was the oldest of three children

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Speaker 1: born to Louise Athene's Servo Cloudel and Louis Prosper Clodell.

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Speaker 1: They weren't rich, but they moved from time to time

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Speaker 1: because her father was a civil servant, and they lived comfortably.

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Speaker 1: They stayed for a while in Ville nouve So Fair,

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Speaker 1: in var Les Duke, and in New john Sissin. Clodell

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Speaker 1: took an interest in art early on, and while her

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Speaker 1: mother was not too fond for her love of art,

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Speaker 1: her father supported her, so did her brother, who became

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Speaker 1: a noted poet in playwright. As a child, Clodell created

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Speaker 1: clay modeled portraits of her family members while the family

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Speaker 1: lived in New John Cisin. Clodal's artwork attracted the attention

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Speaker 1: of prominent sculptor Alfred Bouche. Bouche advised her father to

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Speaker 1: encourage her art and enroll her in an art academy.

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Speaker 1: Around eighty one, Clodell, her mother, and her siblings moved

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Speaker 1: to Paris, while her father stayed behind for work. In Paris,

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Speaker 1: she continued to train as a sculptor. Only men could

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Speaker 1: attend to at Cole de box Arts, a prestigious art

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Speaker 1: school in Paris, but there were private academies that allowed

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Speaker 1: women to attend. Clodell began attending the Colarossi Academy, where

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Speaker 1: she met her lifelong friend Jesse Lipscomb. The first sculptures

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Speaker 1: that Clodell completed at Colarossi are her earliest surviving works.

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Speaker 1: Boucher mentored Clodell while she was in Paris, and he

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Speaker 1: visited Clodell in Lipscombe's studio to advise them. Bucher soon

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Speaker 1: left for Italy, but before he left he asked Augusta

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Speaker 1: Rodon to take his place and tutor his protegees. By

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Speaker 1: that time, Rodon was not yet considered a master, but

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Speaker 1: was a celebrated sculptor. Clodel and Rodan then began a complicated,

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Speaker 1: years long relationship in which Clodell became Rodan's assistant, model, collaborator,

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Speaker 1: and lover. Under Rodan's mentorship, she was able to study

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Speaker 1: the new figure and anatomy, while Clodell continued to produce

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Speaker 1: her own artwork. She also contributed to many of Rodon's sculptures.

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Speaker 1: Brodon's assistance and looting Clodell were integral in shaping Rodon's

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Speaker 1: reputation as a prolific artist. Many art historians suggest that

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Speaker 1: Rodon and Clodell influenced each other's artwork. The pairs romantic

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Speaker 1: and professional relationship lasted for more than a decade, but

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Speaker 1: their relationship began to fall apart when Rodon refused to

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Speaker 1: leave Rose Beret, the mother of his child, whom he

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Speaker 1: lived with. Letters Clodell wrote showed her resentment of Rodon

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Speaker 1: and Beret. Still, she was productive and her art was recognized.

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Speaker 1: In the eighteen nineties, she exhibited sculptures at celebrated salons

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Speaker 1: and in galleries, but in the early nineteen hundreds Clodell

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Speaker 1: destroyed a lot of the arts she worked obsessively to create.

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Speaker 1: Even though she had some support from art critics, she

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Speaker 1: became more isolated in her studio and struggled with money.

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Speaker 1: She also grew obsessive about Rodan's and discretions. After her

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Speaker 1: father died in nineteen thirteen, her brother Paul had her

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Speaker 1: admitted to an asylum near Paris, and the next year

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Speaker 1: she was transferred to a different asylum. For the last

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Speaker 1: few decades of her life, Clodel remained in the asylum.

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Speaker 1: She gave up sculpting, and even though doctors recommended to

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Speaker 1: be released, her family wanted her to stay in the institution.

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Speaker 1: She died while hospitalized in nine and was buried in

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Speaker 1: a mass grave at the asylum. Though a lot of

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Speaker 1: her work was destroyed and her artistic success overshadowed by

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Speaker 1: her relationship with Rodan. Many of her sculptures in drawings

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Speaker 1: survive and are celebrated for their dynamism and portrayal of emotion.

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Speaker 1: I'm Eve Jeff Coote and hopefully you know a little

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Speaker 1: more about history today than you did yesterday. If you

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Speaker 1: have any burning questions or comments, you can leave us

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Speaker 1: a note at T d i h C Podcast on Twitter,

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Speaker 1: Facebook or Instagram, and you can send your thoughts are

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Speaker 1: comments to us at this day at I heart media

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Speaker 1: dot com. Thanks again for listening. We'll see you same

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Speaker 1: place tomorrow. M