1 00:00:00,200 --> 00:00:27,400 Speaker 1: Ridiculous History is a production of I Heart Radio. Hello, 2 00:00:27,560 --> 00:00:31,760 Speaker 1: thank you for tuning in. Today's question, did you ever 3 00:00:32,200 --> 00:00:34,839 Speaker 1: want to be a doctor when you grew up? Are you? 4 00:00:35,040 --> 00:00:38,479 Speaker 1: Are you a doctor listening now? If so, what kind 5 00:00:38,960 --> 00:00:43,000 Speaker 1: I'd especially love to hear from some surgeons? Hi, I'm beat, Hi, 6 00:00:43,120 --> 00:00:45,479 Speaker 1: I'm no, and Um. When I get blood drawn, I 7 00:00:45,520 --> 00:00:47,600 Speaker 1: have to look away and close my eyes and breathe 8 00:00:47,600 --> 00:00:50,240 Speaker 1: slowly or else I'll pass out because blood and the 9 00:00:50,280 --> 00:00:53,320 Speaker 1: whole idea of the human body weirds me out. So 10 00:00:53,360 --> 00:00:56,560 Speaker 1: the human body overall, well, no, just the stuff inside 11 00:00:57,120 --> 00:01:00,440 Speaker 1: should stay inside, remaining inside. I would prefer that to 12 00:01:00,480 --> 00:01:03,720 Speaker 1: be the case. I don't like cutting in movies, never 13 00:01:03,800 --> 00:01:06,720 Speaker 1: liked it when people get cut. So this story today 14 00:01:07,200 --> 00:01:09,760 Speaker 1: was a bit of a stretch for me. Um, in 15 00:01:09,880 --> 00:01:12,720 Speaker 1: terms of my own personal constitution. I see that's what 16 00:01:12,840 --> 00:01:16,560 Speaker 1: you're talking about this. Yeah, we've also got our superproducer, 17 00:01:16,640 --> 00:01:20,480 Speaker 1: Casey Pegram in the house. Like, Casey, did you ever 18 00:01:20,640 --> 00:01:22,560 Speaker 1: want to think of being a doctor when you were 19 00:01:22,600 --> 00:01:25,240 Speaker 1: a wee tyke? No? That was that was never one 20 00:01:25,280 --> 00:01:28,440 Speaker 1: of my kind of growing up. I want to be things. 21 00:01:29,200 --> 00:01:32,119 Speaker 1: How do you feel about the side of blood? Um, 22 00:01:32,160 --> 00:01:35,319 Speaker 1: I'm okay. With the side of blood in general. I 23 00:01:35,360 --> 00:01:37,240 Speaker 1: don't like the side of my own blood, so I 24 00:01:37,280 --> 00:01:40,400 Speaker 1: don't like getting blood taken, you know, all that kind 25 00:01:40,400 --> 00:01:42,800 Speaker 1: of stuff. I'm not a fan of you. Didn't ask me, Neal. 26 00:01:43,160 --> 00:01:45,240 Speaker 1: I think I have a feeling you seem like a 27 00:01:45,240 --> 00:01:49,120 Speaker 1: bit of a fearless, iron gutted figure to me. You 28 00:01:49,160 --> 00:01:52,920 Speaker 1: always have, but no, do tell that's that's very kind 29 00:01:52,960 --> 00:01:57,040 Speaker 1: of you. I I have a life, uh fraught with 30 00:01:57,200 --> 00:02:01,760 Speaker 1: strange phobias that terrified me, like touching metal or having 31 00:02:01,800 --> 00:02:04,440 Speaker 1: to touch cardboard. Oh, blood is kind of metallic. Does 32 00:02:04,480 --> 00:02:06,720 Speaker 1: that fall into that category for you? Only if I 33 00:02:06,800 --> 00:02:13,160 Speaker 1: drink it? So so usually uh, having to do survival 34 00:02:13,240 --> 00:02:18,760 Speaker 1: training kind of stuff gets you over that initial squig 35 00:02:18,919 --> 00:02:23,320 Speaker 1: or squick pretty quickly. But I don't go out of 36 00:02:23,360 --> 00:02:27,480 Speaker 1: my way to get in situations where I'm looking inside 37 00:02:27,560 --> 00:02:30,000 Speaker 1: people or something, because if I were to do that, 38 00:02:30,400 --> 00:02:33,560 Speaker 1: then I would probably be better suited to be a 39 00:02:33,600 --> 00:02:39,480 Speaker 1: surgeon rather than a podcaster. And today's episode is about surgery. 40 00:02:40,080 --> 00:02:42,720 Speaker 1: There is some graphics stuff, nol. I'm gonna check in 41 00:02:42,760 --> 00:02:45,799 Speaker 1: with you to make sure that we don't go uh 42 00:02:45,880 --> 00:02:47,680 Speaker 1: too far out of a comfort zone. I will be 43 00:02:47,760 --> 00:02:50,799 Speaker 1: the bell Weather of Woossory in this one. No, you're 44 00:02:50,840 --> 00:02:53,480 Speaker 1: the you're the canary in the cave mine of carnage. Yes, 45 00:02:53,560 --> 00:02:56,320 Speaker 1: the coal mine cave. But yeah, no slight trigar warning 46 00:02:56,360 --> 00:02:58,359 Speaker 1: if he didn't already catch the drift. This story is 47 00:02:58,400 --> 00:03:01,520 Speaker 1: kind of gross. Uh, there is some gore, and we're 48 00:03:01,560 --> 00:03:03,960 Speaker 1: not going to be super descriptive about it because God knows, 49 00:03:04,000 --> 00:03:06,040 Speaker 1: I'll pass out on the floor right here in the 50 00:03:06,080 --> 00:03:09,600 Speaker 1: shipping container. But just a heads up. If this isn't 51 00:03:09,600 --> 00:03:11,360 Speaker 1: the kind of thing that you want to listen to, uh, 52 00:03:11,400 --> 00:03:17,040 Speaker 1: then don't. It's fairly blunty. Yes, Uh, this is also 53 00:03:17,760 --> 00:03:21,960 Speaker 1: darkly comic. And to begin the story, we're going to 54 00:03:22,040 --> 00:03:24,960 Speaker 1: need to introduce you to a fellow named Robert Liston 55 00:03:25,160 --> 00:03:31,079 Speaker 1: born on they of October seventeen nine four. He is 56 00:03:31,160 --> 00:03:35,120 Speaker 1: a Scottish surgeon and he was known for being a 57 00:03:35,160 --> 00:03:37,520 Speaker 1: bit of a showman. It's a bit cocky, kind of 58 00:03:37,520 --> 00:03:40,960 Speaker 1: a show boat, kind of a kind of David Blaine 59 00:03:41,080 --> 00:03:43,760 Speaker 1: stage magician vibe. I don't know if that's something you 60 00:03:43,800 --> 00:03:46,880 Speaker 1: want in a surgeon. If a surgeon was a peacock, 61 00:03:47,440 --> 00:03:50,400 Speaker 1: it would be this guy, yes, who's bantam. Indeed, as 62 00:03:50,400 --> 00:03:53,640 Speaker 1: you know, I'm scared of birds too. Yes, so this 63 00:03:53,720 --> 00:03:56,760 Speaker 1: is a bird surgeon. A peacocks surgeon is like my 64 00:03:56,920 --> 00:03:59,440 Speaker 1: worst nightmare. You're welcome for the nightmare that you're going 65 00:03:59,480 --> 00:04:07,000 Speaker 1: to have. Sweet end. Uh So. Robert Liston, though, was 66 00:04:07,240 --> 00:04:13,120 Speaker 1: one of the best, most widely known surgeons of his time. 67 00:04:13,160 --> 00:04:16,359 Speaker 1: He got his education at the University of Edinburgh and 68 00:04:16,400 --> 00:04:21,000 Speaker 1: became the first Great Northern anatomist of Blackwell's magazine, and 69 00:04:21,080 --> 00:04:23,600 Speaker 1: by eighteen eighteen he was a surgeon at the Royal 70 00:04:23,640 --> 00:04:29,520 Speaker 1: Infirmary of Edinburgh, and his legacy contains stuff that is 71 00:04:30,000 --> 00:04:35,080 Speaker 1: primarily found in the medical community, you know, like inside 72 00:04:35,120 --> 00:04:38,760 Speaker 1: trade info and uh then stuff that made it into 73 00:04:39,240 --> 00:04:44,839 Speaker 1: popular culture. Liston was very very well known for the 74 00:04:45,040 --> 00:04:49,359 Speaker 1: speed at which he conducted surgery. Here in the fantastic nickname, 75 00:04:49,400 --> 00:04:52,560 Speaker 1: which was the fastest knife in the West End, which 76 00:04:52,600 --> 00:04:56,719 Speaker 1: is clever on a couple of levels. It is. In fact, 77 00:04:56,960 --> 00:04:59,560 Speaker 1: there's a little story that's that's in a Mental Flaws 78 00:04:59,640 --> 00:05:01,840 Speaker 1: article called on the Table if one of history's most 79 00:05:01,839 --> 00:05:06,600 Speaker 1: infamous surgeons by a guy named Matt Soniac that describes 80 00:05:06,839 --> 00:05:11,960 Speaker 1: a particular surgery where um Liston actually asked one of 81 00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:15,080 Speaker 1: his assistants to set a timer so that he could 82 00:05:15,120 --> 00:05:18,680 Speaker 1: show off how quickly he could amputate a gentleman's leg. 83 00:05:19,000 --> 00:05:20,400 Speaker 1: And I'm just gonna read you a quote because it's 84 00:05:20,440 --> 00:05:21,960 Speaker 1: very visual and I love it. He goes. The man 85 00:05:22,000 --> 00:05:24,440 Speaker 1: grabs your leg and begins to cut just below the knee. 86 00:05:24,560 --> 00:05:26,719 Speaker 1: He continues to hold onto your leg as one of 87 00:05:26,800 --> 00:05:29,920 Speaker 1: his lackeys gets a tourniquet around it to freeze cutting hand. 88 00:05:29,960 --> 00:05:32,599 Speaker 1: He clasps the knife covered in your blood, in his 89 00:05:32,720 --> 00:05:36,160 Speaker 1: teeth and picks up a saw. He cuts back and 90 00:05:36,200 --> 00:05:38,800 Speaker 1: forth through the bone, drops the severed part of the 91 00:05:38,880 --> 00:05:41,800 Speaker 1: leg into a bucket filled with sawdust, and shows you 92 00:05:41,920 --> 00:05:44,320 Speaker 1: up to the applause of the men sitting in the wings. 93 00:05:44,560 --> 00:05:48,040 Speaker 1: They've timed the whole bloody procedure, get it from first 94 00:05:48,080 --> 00:05:51,000 Speaker 1: incision to clipping the loose threads on the sutures at 95 00:05:51,080 --> 00:05:54,840 Speaker 1: just two and a half minutes. And that that quote 96 00:05:54,920 --> 00:05:59,880 Speaker 1: comes from the journalist Matt Soniac who has this fan 97 00:06:00,040 --> 00:06:03,280 Speaker 1: tastic article about listing. So in two and a half 98 00:06:03,360 --> 00:06:08,520 Speaker 1: minutes he has performed an amputation. His style may have 99 00:06:08,600 --> 00:06:12,760 Speaker 1: seemed really cavalier, but we have to remember this is 100 00:06:12,839 --> 00:06:18,560 Speaker 1: before so many of the medical discoveries and technical improvements 101 00:06:18,800 --> 00:06:21,159 Speaker 1: that we have today. Yeah, I'm guessing they may have 102 00:06:21,200 --> 00:06:23,400 Speaker 1: given they have ether back then, that would have been 103 00:06:23,440 --> 00:06:26,000 Speaker 1: something they at least had at their disposal, right, we imagine. 104 00:06:26,040 --> 00:06:29,400 Speaker 1: But this is the age before widespread anesthesia, that's true. 105 00:06:29,440 --> 00:06:30,920 Speaker 1: So maybe I don't know. I don't want to sound 106 00:06:30,920 --> 00:06:32,440 Speaker 1: like an ignorant person here when it comes to surgery. 107 00:06:32,440 --> 00:06:33,680 Speaker 1: Like I said, it kind of freaks me out, so 108 00:06:33,720 --> 00:06:36,040 Speaker 1: let me look into it too heavily. But one thing 109 00:06:36,080 --> 00:06:38,080 Speaker 1: I know from this research is quite often no one 110 00:06:38,160 --> 00:06:40,400 Speaker 1: was given anything, and there was a whole lot of 111 00:06:40,440 --> 00:06:45,120 Speaker 1: just absolute screaming and horror and terror bit down on 112 00:06:45,160 --> 00:06:48,239 Speaker 1: this while assistants literally had to hold the person down 113 00:06:48,520 --> 00:06:50,560 Speaker 1: while the surgeon. So speed was kind of the name 114 00:06:50,560 --> 00:06:55,000 Speaker 1: of the game, and no one was faster than listen. Um. 115 00:06:55,680 --> 00:06:59,719 Speaker 1: There was even a story I read in the Gizmoto 116 00:06:59,800 --> 00:07:02,080 Speaker 1: art a car on I oon nine article that talked 117 00:07:02,120 --> 00:07:06,640 Speaker 1: about how sometimes people would flee the operating table like 118 00:07:06,720 --> 00:07:11,560 Speaker 1: just like lunging away with a snail trail of blood 119 00:07:11,680 --> 00:07:14,280 Speaker 1: left behind them. Yeah, because the other people lost their 120 00:07:14,320 --> 00:07:18,760 Speaker 1: grip the assistance. So yes, speed is key here. It 121 00:07:18,960 --> 00:07:22,080 Speaker 1: not only minimizes the patient's pain, but it also improves 122 00:07:22,080 --> 00:07:29,840 Speaker 1: their odds of surviving the surgery. Liston is not only 123 00:07:30,040 --> 00:07:33,760 Speaker 1: very very fast, he's also very very good. For the time. 124 00:07:34,560 --> 00:07:39,560 Speaker 1: If you went into Liston's operating theater, you only had 125 00:07:39,600 --> 00:07:42,280 Speaker 1: a one in ten chance of dying, which right down 126 00:07:42,320 --> 00:07:44,800 Speaker 1: sounds terrible. It does sound pretty terrible, but let's compare 127 00:07:44,840 --> 00:07:47,600 Speaker 1: to the competition. Their rate of death was hovering around 128 00:07:48,080 --> 00:07:50,760 Speaker 1: one in four. Yeah, so you can see why you 129 00:07:50,760 --> 00:07:54,480 Speaker 1: would want to go to listen. Right. Sometimes patients would 130 00:07:54,520 --> 00:07:57,600 Speaker 1: camp out, would literally sleep inside his waiting room for 131 00:07:57,720 --> 00:08:01,120 Speaker 1: days waiting to see him. Hey, can you imagine the 132 00:08:01,160 --> 00:08:05,360 Speaker 1: scene be? Can you imagine this mount? Right? He tried 133 00:08:05,400 --> 00:08:08,920 Speaker 1: to see every single one of his patients. Although he 134 00:08:08,960 --> 00:08:11,600 Speaker 1: was a little bit cocky, you know, he had a 135 00:08:11,640 --> 00:08:15,240 Speaker 1: good heart when it came to helping people, which is 136 00:08:15,240 --> 00:08:18,640 Speaker 1: another reason that speed factored into it so importantly, because 137 00:08:18,840 --> 00:08:21,880 Speaker 1: you can't see people if you're you know, taking your 138 00:08:21,880 --> 00:08:24,680 Speaker 1: time with that old saw. Yeah, we have to remember 139 00:08:24,720 --> 00:08:29,680 Speaker 1: in this era, hospitals were very scary, intimidating places. People 140 00:08:29,760 --> 00:08:34,240 Speaker 1: walked in having made peace with their creator, thinking well, 141 00:08:34,240 --> 00:08:37,400 Speaker 1: this might be it might be it for me. I 142 00:08:37,440 --> 00:08:40,720 Speaker 1: think it's just a cough, But we'll see and listen 143 00:08:40,840 --> 00:08:44,240 Speaker 1: understood that. He thought he had a responsibility for his 144 00:08:44,320 --> 00:08:48,439 Speaker 1: patients feelings. So he wanted to have a thorough knowledge 145 00:08:48,480 --> 00:08:52,160 Speaker 1: of anatomy, pathology, all that slow jazz, all the good stuff, 146 00:08:52,320 --> 00:08:57,400 Speaker 1: and also be a good diagnosa of symptoms. But he 147 00:08:57,520 --> 00:09:02,600 Speaker 1: also wanted to be compassion in it. So it's very 148 00:09:02,640 --> 00:09:06,880 Speaker 1: easy for us looking back to forget that softer aspect 149 00:09:07,040 --> 00:09:11,240 Speaker 1: of his persona. He did care about people. He was 150 00:09:11,440 --> 00:09:15,280 Speaker 1: crazy good, but he did care about people. And it's 151 00:09:15,360 --> 00:09:19,000 Speaker 1: kind of like Tony Stark in the Marvel comics or 152 00:09:19,000 --> 00:09:22,280 Speaker 1: the m c U, because you know, he's kind of arrogant, 153 00:09:22,360 --> 00:09:25,280 Speaker 1: he's a bit of a show off, but he's got 154 00:09:25,320 --> 00:09:28,800 Speaker 1: a heart of gold underneath that. Here's one example that's 155 00:09:28,880 --> 00:09:33,360 Speaker 1: very Tony Stark of him. Listen loved treating cases that 156 00:09:33,520 --> 00:09:38,439 Speaker 1: his fellow surgeons had dismissed. I think the surgeons say, well, 157 00:09:38,480 --> 00:09:40,680 Speaker 1: there's no way I'm going to do that because you'll die. 158 00:09:40,840 --> 00:09:44,480 Speaker 1: It's an incurable condition. Good day, sir, I said to you. 159 00:09:44,640 --> 00:09:47,400 Speaker 1: Good day. They would go to Listen and he would say, oh, 160 00:09:47,559 --> 00:09:50,680 Speaker 1: they say they can't be done. They say it can't 161 00:09:50,720 --> 00:09:52,800 Speaker 1: be done. I will prove them wrong. Start the time 162 00:09:52,800 --> 00:09:55,680 Speaker 1: book exactly. Yeah, so, I mean it's an it's interesting 163 00:09:55,720 --> 00:10:00,480 Speaker 1: combination of compassion and cock sure, bravado for sure. Uh. 164 00:10:00,520 --> 00:10:03,800 Speaker 1: And what ends up happening that enters into the big part, 165 00:10:04,200 --> 00:10:09,120 Speaker 1: the quite disturbing part of our story is that very thing. 166 00:10:09,600 --> 00:10:11,839 Speaker 1: It's a combination of all those factors kind of playing 167 00:10:11,880 --> 00:10:16,680 Speaker 1: into a perfect storm of horrible outcome. That's right. Although 168 00:10:16,840 --> 00:10:20,920 Speaker 1: he was good, he was not perfect, and sometimes, like Icarus, 169 00:10:21,080 --> 00:10:27,040 Speaker 1: his hubris was his downfall. Once, for example, Liston was 170 00:10:27,400 --> 00:10:30,960 Speaker 1: in such a hurry to amputate a leg that he 171 00:10:31,240 --> 00:10:35,640 Speaker 1: accidentally cut a patient's testicles off along with the leg. Yeah, 172 00:10:35,679 --> 00:10:38,319 Speaker 1: like Icarus, he saw too close to the taint. Yes, 173 00:10:39,320 --> 00:10:45,120 Speaker 1: his most famous story along these lines happens this way. 174 00:10:45,559 --> 00:10:49,520 Speaker 1: There's an operation, it's Snilo's operation, right, and he's moving 175 00:10:49,679 --> 00:10:54,600 Speaker 1: so so very fast that he takes off the fingers 176 00:10:54,640 --> 00:10:58,440 Speaker 1: of his surgical assistant. He's cutting through a leg, and 177 00:10:58,559 --> 00:11:01,880 Speaker 1: he cuts through his assistant's hand while they're holding the 178 00:11:01,880 --> 00:11:04,120 Speaker 1: patient down. That's right. And again we have to remember 179 00:11:04,320 --> 00:11:06,319 Speaker 1: this patient would have been struggling. It was no small 180 00:11:06,400 --> 00:11:09,080 Speaker 1: feat to you know, restrain these folks. And I'm sure 181 00:11:09,080 --> 00:11:11,600 Speaker 1: there were some restraints involved to like having them strapped 182 00:11:11,600 --> 00:11:13,920 Speaker 1: down but you can't have somebody flopping around like a 183 00:11:13,960 --> 00:11:16,319 Speaker 1: fish when you're trying to saw through their leg. So 184 00:11:16,480 --> 00:11:19,199 Speaker 1: not only did he miss Q and slice the fingers, 185 00:11:19,200 --> 00:11:20,280 Speaker 1: I think part of this had to do with he 186 00:11:20,320 --> 00:11:22,800 Speaker 1: would have aimed too high and he saw it through 187 00:11:22,960 --> 00:11:25,560 Speaker 1: up the upper at the hip or near the hip area, 188 00:11:25,679 --> 00:11:29,480 Speaker 1: which is probably where the assistant was gripping him to 189 00:11:29,520 --> 00:11:32,319 Speaker 1: get you know, purchased to keep him help down exactly. 190 00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:36,600 Speaker 1: And this he already knows this stuff is happening quickly. 191 00:11:36,720 --> 00:11:40,120 Speaker 1: This is not ideal. Uh. So he's not going to 192 00:11:40,240 --> 00:11:42,800 Speaker 1: stop the surgery, though. The show must go on. So 193 00:11:42,880 --> 00:11:46,920 Speaker 1: he switches instruments, you know, throws one thing into that uh, 194 00:11:47,040 --> 00:11:49,160 Speaker 1: to the floor, to a bucket us sawdust or what 195 00:11:49,240 --> 00:11:52,400 Speaker 1: have you. And then while he's switching instruments you can't 196 00:11:52,440 --> 00:11:56,319 Speaker 1: see here, folks, but I am doing a pretty fantastic 197 00:11:56,640 --> 00:12:01,160 Speaker 1: arms flailing impression here. He switched the instruments and still 198 00:12:01,160 --> 00:12:03,439 Speaker 1: trying to figure out how this happens, because he must 199 00:12:03,480 --> 00:12:07,160 Speaker 1: have been just throwing his arms wide. There's a spectator 200 00:12:07,280 --> 00:12:10,200 Speaker 1: standing nearby, just watching the surgery because that's what people 201 00:12:10,280 --> 00:12:13,560 Speaker 1: used to do, and he slashes the spectator's coat with 202 00:12:13,640 --> 00:12:17,160 Speaker 1: this bloody instrument and this guy, the guys, just the 203 00:12:17,160 --> 00:12:21,120 Speaker 1: onlooker freaks out. Yeah. First of all, I'm not trying 204 00:12:21,160 --> 00:12:23,000 Speaker 1: to you know, throwing but under the bus here, but 205 00:12:23,120 --> 00:12:26,520 Speaker 1: that spectator was probably a little too much of a hovery. 206 00:12:26,600 --> 00:12:28,880 Speaker 1: Looky Lily probably should have been keeping his distance a 207 00:12:28,920 --> 00:12:30,920 Speaker 1: little bit in the situation. So I'm gonna argue that 208 00:12:30,920 --> 00:12:33,280 Speaker 1: he sort of had that coming a little bit. But yeah, 209 00:12:33,400 --> 00:12:36,439 Speaker 1: he also like clearly was squeamish about the blood because 210 00:12:36,440 --> 00:12:40,160 Speaker 1: by this point, fingers are off on assistant squirting blood 211 00:12:40,200 --> 00:12:42,760 Speaker 1: out of like bloody nub stumps. Then the leg is 212 00:12:42,800 --> 00:12:46,280 Speaker 1: off blood squirting out of their absolute pandemonium in the 213 00:12:46,320 --> 00:12:51,680 Speaker 1: operating theater, and the spectator, uh, you know, almost gets 214 00:12:51,720 --> 00:12:53,559 Speaker 1: you know, when I first read this, I saw sliced 215 00:12:53,840 --> 00:12:57,360 Speaker 1: and coat and I misread a sliced throat. Yeah, but no, 216 00:12:57,760 --> 00:13:00,880 Speaker 1: he again, this is like the stuff of legend. Almost 217 00:13:01,240 --> 00:13:03,360 Speaker 1: hard to confirm what exactly happened to this guy, but 218 00:13:03,760 --> 00:13:05,840 Speaker 1: we've seen it written in several places that he had 219 00:13:05,880 --> 00:13:09,240 Speaker 1: an immediate massive heart attack and died, right, Yeah, he 220 00:13:09,360 --> 00:13:14,079 Speaker 1: died later that night of fright, and the patient died 221 00:13:14,600 --> 00:13:19,439 Speaker 1: because they got gang green in the hospital. The assistant 222 00:13:19,480 --> 00:13:24,120 Speaker 1: died because they at Gangreen in the hospital. I think 223 00:13:24,240 --> 00:13:27,360 Speaker 1: the that it all kind of spread from that original 224 00:13:27,440 --> 00:13:30,080 Speaker 1: saw too, that may have been tainted and it wasn't 225 00:13:30,120 --> 00:13:33,000 Speaker 1: properly sterilized, which like you said, you're they're throwing stuff 226 00:13:33,000 --> 00:13:35,040 Speaker 1: into buckets, they're covered in blood. It seems like the 227 00:13:35,120 --> 00:13:37,320 Speaker 1: more like a butcher shop than a proper you know, 228 00:13:37,360 --> 00:13:42,000 Speaker 1: operating room. And yeah, that infection got into the assistance 229 00:13:42,040 --> 00:13:46,920 Speaker 1: blood as well, and he also died from the effects. 230 00:13:47,720 --> 00:13:52,120 Speaker 1: And this is what led the distinguished surgeon and an enthusiologist, 231 00:13:52,280 --> 00:13:56,480 Speaker 1: Richard Gordon to call this the only operation in history 232 00:13:56,720 --> 00:14:01,120 Speaker 1: with a three mortality rate. He is also the guy 233 00:14:01,160 --> 00:14:04,600 Speaker 1: who coined the nickname the fastest knife in the West 234 00:14:04,760 --> 00:14:08,320 Speaker 1: End for Listen, So let's not forget legacy wise, Listen 235 00:14:08,679 --> 00:14:13,640 Speaker 1: was remembered you know, in his community, in the medical community, 236 00:14:13,640 --> 00:14:16,760 Speaker 1: which is a very niche, kind of close knit community 237 00:14:17,400 --> 00:14:19,680 Speaker 1: with a lot of esoteric knowledge that wouldn't mean much 238 00:14:19,680 --> 00:14:22,200 Speaker 1: to anybody else. They remembered him for a lot of important, 239 00:14:22,400 --> 00:14:25,920 Speaker 1: you know, deeds and works to further the medical profession. 240 00:14:26,200 --> 00:14:30,000 Speaker 1: But of course, you know, most regular old folks are 241 00:14:30,040 --> 00:14:32,720 Speaker 1: going to remember much more the story where he accidentally 242 00:14:33,000 --> 00:14:36,800 Speaker 1: killed three people, Yeah, by slicing through them with a 243 00:14:37,560 --> 00:14:41,840 Speaker 1: you know, infected blade. Well, he created the Listen splint 244 00:14:42,520 --> 00:14:46,960 Speaker 1: bulldog locking force ups. Those are still around today. And 245 00:14:47,000 --> 00:14:51,600 Speaker 1: he also did play a role in the administration of ether, 246 00:14:52,200 --> 00:14:55,680 Speaker 1: so he made proper contributions. But you know, if it bleeds, 247 00:14:55,680 --> 00:14:59,280 Speaker 1: it leads, and so now Listen is known outside of 248 00:14:59,320 --> 00:15:06,080 Speaker 1: the medical community as the surgeon with a three mortality rate. Again, 249 00:15:06,160 --> 00:15:12,680 Speaker 1: that story is somewhat anecdotal, but it is illustrative. I 250 00:15:12,680 --> 00:15:16,960 Speaker 1: would I would argue of the problems with medical care 251 00:15:17,000 --> 00:15:19,600 Speaker 1: and surgery at the time. I mean, this is still 252 00:15:19,640 --> 00:15:25,000 Speaker 1: before people washed their hands when conducting surgery. It's true. 253 00:15:25,240 --> 00:15:27,680 Speaker 1: He also published a couple of important medical texts, The 254 00:15:27,680 --> 00:15:31,120 Speaker 1: Elements of Surgery and Practical Surgery, and this is pretty interesting. 255 00:15:31,480 --> 00:15:34,040 Speaker 1: Near the end of his career, he made history when 256 00:15:34,080 --> 00:15:37,400 Speaker 1: he performed a surgery in Britain on a man named 257 00:15:37,400 --> 00:15:42,520 Speaker 1: Frederick Churchill in eighteen forty six who had a right 258 00:15:42,640 --> 00:15:44,960 Speaker 1: knee that had been giving him a lot of pain. 259 00:15:45,360 --> 00:15:48,280 Speaker 1: So nothing had worked for him and the only option 260 00:15:48,320 --> 00:15:51,960 Speaker 1: was going to be amputation. But instead Liston didn't use 261 00:15:51,960 --> 00:15:55,240 Speaker 1: a knife. He actually pulled out a jar of ether. 262 00:15:55,520 --> 00:16:00,160 Speaker 1: As you said, and then that became something that dentists 263 00:16:00,160 --> 00:16:04,120 Speaker 1: and surgeons um used as a surgical anesthetic from that 264 00:16:04,200 --> 00:16:07,320 Speaker 1: point on. Right, And these are the days when people 265 00:16:07,360 --> 00:16:10,320 Speaker 1: were still saying maybe we should hypnotize patients. But he 266 00:16:10,400 --> 00:16:18,880 Speaker 1: found the ether ether worked as well. I don't want 267 00:16:18,880 --> 00:16:21,920 Speaker 1: to let this go, the importance of people washing their 268 00:16:21,960 --> 00:16:26,080 Speaker 1: hands just in general. Uh. There was a guy, a 269 00:16:26,200 --> 00:16:31,720 Speaker 1: Hungarian doctor named Ignaz samul Weiss, and he was the 270 00:16:31,760 --> 00:16:35,440 Speaker 1: person who could have saved so many lives, especially during 271 00:16:35,520 --> 00:16:39,400 Speaker 1: childbirth and so on, by the simple technique of washing 272 00:16:39,640 --> 00:16:43,680 Speaker 1: one's hands. Yeah, I believe he introduced that in eighty 273 00:16:43,760 --> 00:16:47,960 Speaker 1: seven at the amalgamines crunkin House and h in Fair, 274 00:16:48,040 --> 00:16:52,320 Speaker 1: Deutsche Land. But doctors were upset and they didn't listen 275 00:16:52,360 --> 00:16:55,600 Speaker 1: to him. They said, this simul vice guys making us 276 00:16:55,600 --> 00:16:59,480 Speaker 1: look bad because he's implying that we're giving these women 277 00:16:59,480 --> 00:17:03,040 Speaker 1: and children and fevers. He also wasn't very tactful. He 278 00:17:03,120 --> 00:17:06,600 Speaker 1: was kind of a Larry David or Bernie Sanders figure, 279 00:17:06,760 --> 00:17:09,720 Speaker 1: you know what I mean, a bit of a curmudgeon. Anyway, 280 00:17:10,119 --> 00:17:14,440 Speaker 1: semmel VIIs eventually ends up in a mental health facility, 281 00:17:14,640 --> 00:17:18,879 Speaker 1: in an asylum. So wash your hands is the conclusion 282 00:17:18,920 --> 00:17:23,840 Speaker 1: of this, and hey, sometimes speed isn't everything. Yeah, come on, guys, 283 00:17:23,920 --> 00:17:26,520 Speaker 1: lets slow down, smell the roses. Speaking of the most 284 00:17:26,600 --> 00:17:30,080 Speaker 1: vague summations I can make of going real fortune cookie 285 00:17:30,119 --> 00:17:36,560 Speaker 1: caption here, something interesting will happen this week? Oh oh wow, okay, 286 00:17:36,600 --> 00:17:48,520 Speaker 1: that one was interesting. Time It's time, gentleman. Jonathan Strickland's 287 00:17:48,560 --> 00:17:52,680 Speaker 1: a k cuister. This is this may uh, this may 288 00:17:52,760 --> 00:17:55,120 Speaker 1: come as a surprise to some people. But you're you're 289 00:17:55,160 --> 00:17:58,280 Speaker 1: back again. You're back at at your old uh, your 290 00:17:58,280 --> 00:18:01,359 Speaker 1: old shenanigans and tricks. Huh. You just can't keep me 291 00:18:01,359 --> 00:18:04,680 Speaker 1: out here. You keep changing the locks. I keep breaking 292 00:18:04,760 --> 00:18:10,000 Speaker 1: in a well as I missed you guys. Oh hey, 293 00:18:11,440 --> 00:18:15,480 Speaker 1: it was really good. Thank you for asking my arch nemesis. No, 294 00:18:15,560 --> 00:18:18,480 Speaker 1: and it was fantastic. I highly recommend London in Paris. 295 00:18:18,480 --> 00:18:21,680 Speaker 1: It was wonderful. They that's right, you went to the UK. 296 00:18:22,080 --> 00:18:24,959 Speaker 1: I was there, Yes, yes, I was there doing some 297 00:18:25,040 --> 00:18:29,439 Speaker 1: interesting protests. We'll just leave it there. But now I 298 00:18:29,480 --> 00:18:33,679 Speaker 1: want to know, is it like about brexit? Okay, okay, 299 00:18:33,840 --> 00:18:35,320 Speaker 1: let me tell you something. If you want to take 300 00:18:35,359 --> 00:18:38,080 Speaker 1: the chunnel from London to Paris, don't do it. When 301 00:18:38,080 --> 00:18:40,160 Speaker 1: a dude has climbed up on top of the train 302 00:18:40,240 --> 00:18:45,760 Speaker 1: station because you ain't going nowhere? Were you? The dude? No, no, 303 00:18:45,920 --> 00:18:48,360 Speaker 1: I was in line, a very long line to get 304 00:18:48,359 --> 00:18:52,000 Speaker 1: on a train that was almost certainly not going to leave. Well, 305 00:18:52,040 --> 00:18:55,440 Speaker 1: thank you for narrowly escaping disaster. Forward the channel to 306 00:18:56,400 --> 00:18:59,919 Speaker 1: come with us and play one of our most device 307 00:19:00,040 --> 00:19:03,040 Speaker 1: of games. Yes, the most cringe a with the segment 308 00:19:03,080 --> 00:19:06,960 Speaker 1: in all the podcasting is which was which was? Again? 309 00:19:07,080 --> 00:19:09,320 Speaker 1: I feel like we have to straighten out the historical 310 00:19:09,359 --> 00:19:12,960 Speaker 1: record here. Which was your idea? Yes? It was? I 311 00:19:13,760 --> 00:19:17,560 Speaker 1: one day on a whim, suggested that I present you 312 00:19:17,600 --> 00:19:21,920 Speaker 1: with different scenarios and you have to determine whether or 313 00:19:21,920 --> 00:19:24,320 Speaker 1: not the scenario I'm presenting to you is in fact 314 00:19:24,720 --> 00:19:26,720 Speaker 1: a real one or if I made it up. Seats 315 00:19:27,240 --> 00:19:29,520 Speaker 1: and so the way this works is I will present 316 00:19:29,560 --> 00:19:34,600 Speaker 1: the scenario and then the the the two gentlemen will 317 00:19:34,680 --> 00:19:38,400 Speaker 1: have three minutes to deliberate on whether or not I'm 318 00:19:38,440 --> 00:19:41,160 Speaker 1: telling the truth or I'm lying, and they may ask 319 00:19:41,320 --> 00:19:44,240 Speaker 1: questions of me if they follow an arbitrary rule of 320 00:19:44,240 --> 00:19:46,639 Speaker 1: my choosing, which I realized I did not think of 321 00:19:46,720 --> 00:19:50,240 Speaker 1: before I came in here. So in honor of the topic, 322 00:19:50,960 --> 00:19:52,520 Speaker 1: for you to be able to ask a question, you 323 00:19:52,600 --> 00:19:56,239 Speaker 1: must preface it with the phrase, doctor, doctor, give me 324 00:19:56,320 --> 00:19:59,880 Speaker 1: the news. I got a bad case of cutting you. 325 00:20:00,200 --> 00:20:02,600 Speaker 1: Just just the first part, just just the gimmian and 326 00:20:02,720 --> 00:20:06,040 Speaker 1: followed by your question. And now I will read out 327 00:20:06,040 --> 00:20:08,960 Speaker 1: the scenario. When I am done, we will start the timer. 328 00:20:09,080 --> 00:20:12,320 Speaker 1: So get the big Grandfather Clark ready. M hmm, I'm 329 00:20:12,400 --> 00:20:15,439 Speaker 1: limbering up. Doctor Hasty Lanyon was a bit of an 330 00:20:15,440 --> 00:20:19,639 Speaker 1: eccentric surgeon. He was nearly equal parts performer and doctor, 331 00:20:19,960 --> 00:20:22,840 Speaker 1: and had a flair for the macabre. He had studied, 332 00:20:22,920 --> 00:20:27,240 Speaker 1: though probably never directly, the work of Luigi Galvanni, for 333 00:20:27,280 --> 00:20:31,960 Speaker 1: whom the Galvanic Response is named. Lanyon took to extremes, 334 00:20:32,000 --> 00:20:35,640 Speaker 1: and in northern England in the early eighteen hundreds demonstrated 335 00:20:35,680 --> 00:20:40,000 Speaker 1: some rather google ish applications of the technology upon cadavers 336 00:20:40,359 --> 00:20:45,160 Speaker 1: that I am assured were totally acquired legally. While there 337 00:20:45,160 --> 00:20:50,320 Speaker 1: were no truly reliable reports from those demonstrations, some reporters 338 00:20:50,359 --> 00:20:55,080 Speaker 1: of questionable honesty wrote of corpses pointing, grimacing, twitching, and 339 00:20:55,600 --> 00:20:59,680 Speaker 1: in one case even sitting up and gasping in response 340 00:20:59,720 --> 00:21:03,600 Speaker 1: to the electrical impulses. Dr Lanyon applied. Modern historians and 341 00:21:03,640 --> 00:21:06,959 Speaker 1: doctors doubt the veracity of those claims, but it seems 342 00:21:07,000 --> 00:21:09,280 Speaker 1: that Hasty Lanyon was at least well known for some 343 00:21:09,400 --> 00:21:15,440 Speaker 1: pretty primitive corpse puppetry. Start the timer, doctor doctor, give 344 00:21:15,520 --> 00:21:19,120 Speaker 1: me the news? Yes, mr, uh? So this this guy 345 00:21:19,320 --> 00:21:25,600 Speaker 1: Hasty Uh. This guy Hasty was primarily known for this, 346 00:21:25,840 --> 00:21:28,840 Speaker 1: or it was how he became famous. Otherwise he was 347 00:21:29,119 --> 00:21:32,000 Speaker 1: a doctor studied at the University of Edinburgh in the 348 00:21:32,040 --> 00:21:35,280 Speaker 1: School of Medicine. But apart from these are really the 349 00:21:35,280 --> 00:21:39,040 Speaker 1: only records of He doesn't have like a long storied 350 00:21:39,640 --> 00:21:43,240 Speaker 1: career that exists in any record, but there are records 351 00:21:43,280 --> 00:21:49,440 Speaker 1: of these supposed demonstrations. Hasty Huh sounds made up to me. 352 00:21:49,720 --> 00:21:54,040 Speaker 1: Sounds like hasty, like he was a little too hasty. Perhaps, Yeah, 353 00:21:54,080 --> 00:21:55,720 Speaker 1: I'm gonna be honest with you. I don't know why 354 00:21:55,920 --> 00:21:58,600 Speaker 1: I feel optimistic about this, but I'm going with true. 355 00:21:58,920 --> 00:22:01,840 Speaker 1: Wait what Oh, that's not what I was getting at. 356 00:22:01,840 --> 00:22:06,560 Speaker 1: It all bad. But you know what, let's debate that 357 00:22:06,640 --> 00:22:08,359 Speaker 1: was I was really ill name going on because the 358 00:22:08,520 --> 00:22:11,560 Speaker 1: name is super sketchy, right sounding. I feel like that 359 00:22:12,160 --> 00:22:16,440 Speaker 1: that's true. Maybe you could ask, maybe doctor, doctor, give 360 00:22:16,480 --> 00:22:21,440 Speaker 1: me the news. What did he do again. So he 361 00:22:21,520 --> 00:22:25,320 Speaker 1: stuck electrodes onto cadavers and Zapp made them twitch around 362 00:22:25,440 --> 00:22:27,840 Speaker 1: a lot. He to give you a little more detail, 363 00:22:27,920 --> 00:22:30,480 Speaker 1: just because I said early eighteen hundreds the time period. 364 00:22:30,520 --> 00:22:33,240 Speaker 1: We're looking at his eighteen o eight, so that's about 365 00:22:33,880 --> 00:22:39,399 Speaker 1: three decades after Galvani and also supposedly was one of 366 00:22:39,520 --> 00:22:44,240 Speaker 1: the inspirations for Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. That that, Yes, That, 367 00:22:44,280 --> 00:22:46,880 Speaker 1: which is published in eighteen eighteen. I feel like there's 368 00:22:46,880 --> 00:22:49,439 Speaker 1: too much detail here now I'm starting to doubt it. 369 00:22:49,600 --> 00:22:52,720 Speaker 1: I'm gonna stick I'm gonna stick with true. You're gonna 370 00:22:52,760 --> 00:22:54,720 Speaker 1: stick with true. I'm gonna stick with true. You're starting 371 00:22:54,760 --> 00:22:56,359 Speaker 1: to doubt it, and you're going to stick with true. 372 00:22:56,760 --> 00:22:59,040 Speaker 1: You are a man of contradictions. Well, you were a 373 00:22:59,080 --> 00:23:03,240 Speaker 1: man of mind game file Quister creature. I'm out of 374 00:23:03,280 --> 00:23:06,320 Speaker 1: practice with the Quister. That's true. He's been relaxing in 375 00:23:06,359 --> 00:23:08,720 Speaker 1: the on the sand. That's true. I did. I took 376 00:23:08,760 --> 00:23:12,280 Speaker 1: a cruise. It was nice, nice. It was not a niece. 377 00:23:12,480 --> 00:23:19,040 Speaker 1: It was in Paris, was Petissri, right across the street 378 00:23:19,080 --> 00:23:23,040 Speaker 1: from the apartment. What did you say, You're gonna stick 379 00:23:23,040 --> 00:23:24,639 Speaker 1: with true, I'm gonna lock I mean you want to 380 00:23:24,640 --> 00:23:31,040 Speaker 1: lock it in three to one. True, you guys got 381 00:23:31,160 --> 00:23:33,680 Speaker 1: to read more. Dr Hasty Lanyon is a character and 382 00:23:33,840 --> 00:23:37,200 Speaker 1: Dr Jekyl and Mr Hyde I made it up seas 383 00:23:38,400 --> 00:23:42,440 Speaker 1: now interestingly though interestingly though, I should say, first of all, 384 00:23:42,480 --> 00:23:46,639 Speaker 1: the the inspiration UH supposedly for Mary Shelley's Frankenstein was 385 00:23:46,720 --> 00:23:50,320 Speaker 1: Dr Joseph Conrad Dipple, who was active in the seventeenth 386 00:23:50,640 --> 00:23:54,320 Speaker 1: century and was born in bah bah Bam Castle Frankenstein. 387 00:23:54,880 --> 00:23:59,120 Speaker 1: And then Giovanni Giovanni I'll Dippy, who was the nephew 388 00:23:59,440 --> 00:24:03,159 Speaker 1: to Louis G. Galvani, actually did do demonstrations similar to 389 00:24:03,240 --> 00:24:08,480 Speaker 1: what I described, where supposedly corpses had opened up their eyes, pointed, 390 00:24:08,600 --> 00:24:12,600 Speaker 1: punched the air, kicked the air. But again these were 391 00:24:12,720 --> 00:24:16,359 Speaker 1: just supposedly. People would pass out looking at these demonstrations. 392 00:24:16,640 --> 00:24:20,399 Speaker 1: I don't know exactly how reliable those are either, but 393 00:24:20,520 --> 00:24:24,240 Speaker 1: what I gave you was total fiction. Yeah, That's why 394 00:24:24,240 --> 00:24:28,720 Speaker 1: I began to suspect when you had too many ready 395 00:24:28,760 --> 00:24:32,320 Speaker 1: made details, ye that you were dare I say Hasty 396 00:24:32,440 --> 00:24:34,360 Speaker 1: to provide? Well, I wanted to give you a chance. 397 00:24:34,440 --> 00:24:36,359 Speaker 1: You've lost the last few and I thought, well, if 398 00:24:36,400 --> 00:24:38,720 Speaker 1: I just keep feeding them, They're surely they're going in 399 00:24:38,760 --> 00:24:40,800 Speaker 1: but nope, nope, you just had to go down that 400 00:24:40,880 --> 00:24:45,000 Speaker 1: road with me. It turns out we're hungry boys. Well, 401 00:24:45,040 --> 00:24:48,479 Speaker 1: and to be fair, it is similar to things that 402 00:24:48,560 --> 00:24:51,720 Speaker 1: have been reported. I was mostly I was mostly hoping 403 00:24:51,760 --> 00:24:53,720 Speaker 1: that you had had read Dr Jackal and Mr Hyde. 404 00:24:53,760 --> 00:24:56,000 Speaker 1: I was really I was like, this is a coin flip. 405 00:24:56,000 --> 00:24:58,800 Speaker 1: It maybe that that been turned to me that you 406 00:24:58,800 --> 00:25:01,960 Speaker 1: mean like the character and Dr Jekyl and I would say, 407 00:25:01,960 --> 00:25:05,040 Speaker 1: whoop sees, it's been a long time. But you know what, 408 00:25:05,119 --> 00:25:08,280 Speaker 1: that gives us new goal. Maybe one day we can 409 00:25:08,400 --> 00:25:12,200 Speaker 1: ask a question that just completely blows up the scenario 410 00:25:12,320 --> 00:25:14,639 Speaker 1: you've presented. If we did that, would you ever be 411 00:25:14,720 --> 00:25:18,880 Speaker 1: a situation You say, no, No, I know you too well, 412 00:25:19,200 --> 00:25:23,560 Speaker 1: my old friend, you would you would continue with with 413 00:25:23,680 --> 00:25:26,159 Speaker 1: the sharade. Here's here's the problem is that if you 414 00:25:26,200 --> 00:25:30,720 Speaker 1: ask me a legitimate question about a legitimate historical fact 415 00:25:30,800 --> 00:25:34,040 Speaker 1: and I don't know the answer, I would be honored 416 00:25:34,040 --> 00:25:36,880 Speaker 1: bound to say I don't know the answer to that question. 417 00:25:37,400 --> 00:25:40,520 Speaker 1: And that means that I should probably do the same 418 00:25:40,560 --> 00:25:43,600 Speaker 1: thing for the fake ones, because otherwise, if you ask 419 00:25:43,640 --> 00:25:45,280 Speaker 1: me a question and I don't know the answer to 420 00:25:45,280 --> 00:25:47,280 Speaker 1: that question, and I tell you that you're going to say, well, 421 00:25:47,359 --> 00:25:49,040 Speaker 1: this is obviously one of the true ones we win. 422 00:25:49,280 --> 00:25:54,080 Speaker 1: I was so close when you started giving out the details. Well, 423 00:25:54,480 --> 00:25:59,800 Speaker 1: that one's on me. Can't win them all, but we can't. Actually, 424 00:26:00,080 --> 00:26:03,480 Speaker 1: you know you were almost even with me for Part 425 00:26:03,480 --> 00:26:06,120 Speaker 1: of the fun of this though, is eating crow from 426 00:26:06,119 --> 00:26:08,439 Speaker 1: time to time, you know, Barry, Tom and Jerry to me, 427 00:26:08,960 --> 00:26:12,520 Speaker 1: you know, I like it. So despite winning today's round, 428 00:26:12,800 --> 00:26:15,399 Speaker 1: Jonathan Strickland k the Quister, thank you so much for 429 00:26:15,480 --> 00:26:17,439 Speaker 1: dropping by. We're glad that you made it out of 430 00:26:17,480 --> 00:26:24,360 Speaker 1: the chunnelan Sure did you say, Durian, what's that mean? 431 00:26:24,600 --> 00:26:28,840 Speaker 1: It's nothing. Usually what you say if someone says thank you, 432 00:26:28,720 --> 00:26:34,480 Speaker 1: the common responses it's nothing. Yeah, like not a problem, 433 00:26:34,520 --> 00:26:37,760 Speaker 1: no problem, no sweat, zero perspiration. Thank you for coming 434 00:26:37,800 --> 00:26:40,480 Speaker 1: on the show. Thanks as always to our super producer, 435 00:26:40,560 --> 00:26:45,200 Speaker 1: Casey Pegram, Thanks to Gabe Lucier, our fantabulous research associate, 436 00:26:45,280 --> 00:26:47,800 Speaker 1: and thanks to Alex Williams, who composed So what are 437 00:26:47,880 --> 00:26:51,960 Speaker 1: some of the strange saw bone esque stories of medical 438 00:26:52,040 --> 00:26:55,760 Speaker 1: quackery or medical mishaps that you have heard? What are 439 00:26:55,800 --> 00:26:58,119 Speaker 1: your favorite ones? Share them with us and your fellow 440 00:26:58,240 --> 00:27:01,160 Speaker 1: listeners also shout out to the podcast saw Bones. That's 441 00:27:01,160 --> 00:27:03,320 Speaker 1: a great show yeah on the Maximum Fund Network, which 442 00:27:03,359 --> 00:27:06,399 Speaker 1: we're a huge fans of. Justin McElroy, as I recall, 443 00:27:06,480 --> 00:27:07,760 Speaker 1: is one of the hosts of that show. I do 444 00:27:07,840 --> 00:27:10,840 Speaker 1: believe you recall correctly. Um. You can write us at 445 00:27:10,920 --> 00:27:13,320 Speaker 1: Ridiculous at how stuff works dot com. We're gonna stick 446 00:27:13,359 --> 00:27:15,400 Speaker 1: with that one for the meantime. We may have another 447 00:27:15,480 --> 00:27:18,480 Speaker 1: one inching in pretty soon, but for the time being, 448 00:27:18,880 --> 00:27:21,000 Speaker 1: he's that one. You can also hit us up on 449 00:27:21,000 --> 00:27:24,280 Speaker 1: our Facebook group, the Ridiculous Historians, where you know folks 450 00:27:24,280 --> 00:27:27,719 Speaker 1: are posting memes, the Jonathan Strickland, the Quister even creeps 451 00:27:27,720 --> 00:27:29,879 Speaker 1: his way in there from time to time. Just true. 452 00:27:30,320 --> 00:27:33,159 Speaker 1: Just don't think we don't see you getting tagged. I 453 00:27:33,200 --> 00:27:36,280 Speaker 1: don't think we don't see you. You can also you 454 00:27:36,280 --> 00:27:39,800 Speaker 1: can also find us on Instagram and Twitter. We each 455 00:27:39,800 --> 00:27:42,200 Speaker 1: have our own personal instagrams if you want to see 456 00:27:42,200 --> 00:27:45,960 Speaker 1: our various shenanigans. I'm Ben Bollan, i am at Embryonic Insider, 457 00:27:46,960 --> 00:27:51,399 Speaker 1: I'm at John Strickland. We'll see you next time, folks. 458 00:27:59,600 --> 00:28:01,679 Speaker 1: For more podcast from my Heart Radio, visit the I 459 00:28:01,760 --> 00:28:04,679 Speaker 1: Heart Radio app Apple Podcast or wherever you listen to 460 00:28:04,720 --> 00:28:05,560 Speaker 1: your favorite shows.