WEBVTT - Frostbite: Yeeeow! 0:00:00.720 --> 0:00:03.880 Hey, everybody in the greater San Francisco Bay Area. We're 0:00:03.880 --> 0:00:06.720 also looking at you, Oakland. We are coming out to 0:00:06.760 --> 0:00:09.360 Sketch Fest this year again for the second year in 0:00:09.400 --> 0:00:12.440 a row, and we're doing it rare Sunday afternoon jam, 0:00:12.440 --> 0:00:16.079 so that is Sunday, January one pm. You can come 0:00:16.079 --> 0:00:18.919 see us live and tickets are gonna go fast, So 0:00:19.000 --> 0:00:22.799 go to s F Sketch Fest dot com and just 0:00:22.880 --> 0:00:24.639 click on the little ticket links or look at the 0:00:24.680 --> 0:00:27.360 lineup and follow us there and we can't wait to 0:00:27.360 --> 0:00:29.639 see everyone. It's one of our favorite cities to perform in. 0:00:30.360 --> 0:00:33.960 And uh go to s F Sketch Fest dot com Oakland, 0:00:34.000 --> 0:00:39.040 San Francisco. We will see you soon. Welcome to Stuff 0:00:39.080 --> 0:00:48.080 you should know from the house Stuff Works dot com. Hey, 0:00:48.120 --> 0:00:51.160 and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, and there's 0:00:51.240 --> 0:00:54.480 Charles W. Chuck Bryant, and there's Jerry. And it is 0:00:54.680 --> 0:00:59.320 really cold here in the studio. It is Election Day, 0:00:59.440 --> 0:01:04.480 Part two. We're recording on Election Day. It's right, Jerry's 0:01:04.480 --> 0:01:07.800 got on her pants suit, yeah, which means that she's 0:01:08.000 --> 0:01:12.280 uh gonna make America great again. She's got on her 0:01:12.280 --> 0:01:15.240 pants suit and her hat that says making American creating. Yes, 0:01:17.880 --> 0:01:22.480 I early voted, so I wasn't out there today, but um, 0:01:22.520 --> 0:01:24.319 I heard people saying like, oh, I want to wait 0:01:24.360 --> 0:01:26.720 till the real day because I just I get more 0:01:26.720 --> 0:01:30.280 out of that experience. It's like, no, it's like Christmas now. Well, 0:01:30.319 --> 0:01:32.200 I mean that's just one day. It's spread out over 0:01:32.280 --> 0:01:34.080 weeks to each their own of course. But when I 0:01:34.120 --> 0:01:37.480 really voted, they were uh, plenty enough people there for 0:01:37.520 --> 0:01:41.240 me to feel, um like, I was like, I enjoy voting. 0:01:41.280 --> 0:01:44.240 It's it's a fun experience. And it wasn't like I 0:01:44.240 --> 0:01:46.080 showed up early and it was they were just like 0:01:47.400 --> 0:01:51.680 getting their vote. I don't care a contact. No, they 0:01:51.680 --> 0:01:55.120 had like still a grand old flag blaring on the 0:01:55.160 --> 0:01:57.880 speakers at the doorway and all that. Yeah, and hey, 0:01:58.320 --> 0:02:00.600 well this is for the next life. Jenna should have 0:02:00.600 --> 0:02:05.720 said this weeks ago. Thank an election volunteer. Okay, just 0:02:05.800 --> 0:02:08.640 go up and say thank you to somebody. That's a 0:02:08.680 --> 0:02:11.640 lot of hard work and they only make about twenty 0:02:11.639 --> 0:02:15.160 five bucks an hour on a lot. I imagine it's 0:02:15.160 --> 0:02:18.320 not fun in a lot of precincts. And uh, anyway, 0:02:18.360 --> 0:02:22.040 the good people doing good work and that's all nice. 0:02:22.080 --> 0:02:25.079 Try to say about that. Are you ready? So let's 0:02:25.080 --> 0:02:28.720 talk about frost bite. When when you were standing in 0:02:28.760 --> 0:02:31.800 line for early voting, was it cold out? No? It 0:02:31.919 --> 0:02:35.000 was um, late October, so it was very, very like 0:02:35.080 --> 0:02:38.520 a hundred degree Well, you're very lucky that it wasn't 0:02:38.520 --> 0:02:41.320 cold out because had it been very cold out, chuck, 0:02:41.760 --> 0:02:43.720 And had you been wearing what you're wearing now a 0:02:43.800 --> 0:02:46.880 T shirt you know, and me Andy's yeah, and that's it. 0:02:47.040 --> 0:02:53.359 That's it. Uh, and tennis shoes. Yeah. Well, yeah, it's terrible. Look. Uh, 0:02:53.680 --> 0:02:57.600 you would have been a likely candidate for frost bite 0:02:57.600 --> 0:03:04.560 depending on the temperature and arrested. Yeah, perhaps probably, It 0:03:04.600 --> 0:03:08.480 depends on how cool your election volunteer was, you know. 0:03:08.919 --> 0:03:13.040 So here's a little tip if you're looking into frostbite 0:03:13.240 --> 0:03:15.240 for one reason or another. Oh, I know what you're 0:03:15.240 --> 0:03:20.000 gonna say, don't look at images of frost bit No need. Yeah, 0:03:20.040 --> 0:03:27.400 I like them. It's like they're like balloon animals, you know. Yeah, 0:03:27.600 --> 0:03:30.320 we're not making light because it's this is something that 0:03:30.440 --> 0:03:33.679 affects people to the point of amputation. Yeah, it definitely can. 0:03:33.840 --> 0:03:37.000 But um, you don't need to go look at the 0:03:37.040 --> 0:03:42.480 pictures of blackened toes and blistered fingers and things. But 0:03:42.520 --> 0:03:45.560 if you do and you want to cope with the horror, 0:03:46.120 --> 0:03:50.000 just pretend again that they're balloon animals. Okay, all right, 0:03:50.680 --> 0:03:55.080 So have you heard of this dude, Rulong Gardner. I 0:03:55.120 --> 0:03:58.560 had not until this. So he was a wrestler, and 0:03:58.680 --> 0:04:01.440 I'm not surprised you hadn't heard of him, especially if, 0:04:01.640 --> 0:04:05.560 um you if we were talking in the nineties, because 0:04:05.560 --> 0:04:09.240 he was virtually a nobody. He was a professional Olympic 0:04:09.360 --> 0:04:13.640 level wrestler Greco Roman, of course, but he was um yeah, 0:04:13.760 --> 0:04:17.560 not like WWF Olympic wrestling, they should do that, but 0:04:18.080 --> 0:04:23.760 uh more like a team fox catcher style wrestling, right. Uh, sure, okay, 0:04:24.520 --> 0:04:27.159 But in the two thousand Olympics in Sydney, this guy 0:04:27.200 --> 0:04:29.200 came out of nowhere. He never placed like higher than 0:04:29.240 --> 0:04:31.560 either fourth or fifth, I think, and he came out 0:04:31.560 --> 0:04:34.760 of nowhere in the two thousand Olympics and won the gold. 0:04:35.080 --> 0:04:40.240 He became like the reigning world champion of Greco Roman wrestling. Right, 0:04:41.360 --> 0:04:45.000 and he was just this cool, nice farm boy from Wisconsin, No, 0:04:45.560 --> 0:04:49.679 from Wyoming. Okay, and uh a couple of years after 0:04:50.440 --> 0:04:52.520 his win, his big win in the Olympics, he was 0:04:52.760 --> 0:04:56.440 snowmobiling out around his house, I guess, and he got 0:04:56.520 --> 0:05:00.000 stuck up there in like a seventeen thousand foot elevation 0:05:00.080 --> 0:05:05.520 in um mountainous area close enough, still pretty high, and 0:05:05.560 --> 0:05:08.560 it was cold out. It was, I mean super cold, 0:05:08.600 --> 0:05:14.039 chuck eight degrees below fahrenheit. That's crazy negative sixty two 0:05:14.040 --> 0:05:17.440 degrees celsius. And he's stranded, like he's out there. So 0:05:17.480 --> 0:05:21.800 when you're like this, unless you have um prepared to 0:05:22.400 --> 0:05:25.839 spend an extended amount of time outdoors in that weather. 0:05:26.200 --> 0:05:29.360 Even if you have sometimes yeah, but if you haven't, 0:05:29.640 --> 0:05:33.719 you're in big trouble. You're definitely you're probably going to die. 0:05:34.360 --> 0:05:36.440 At the very least, you're gonna you're going to get 0:05:36.480 --> 0:05:39.360 some serious frost bite. And that's all that Rulan Gardner 0:05:39.440 --> 0:05:42.000 ended up with, with serious frost bite. And they're actually 0:05:42.120 --> 0:05:45.400 he's a really good example, as we'll see of how 0:05:45.880 --> 0:05:49.080 a person or why a person could survive in that 0:05:49.200 --> 0:05:54.719 kind of weather and just get frost bite. Right. Yeah, 0:05:54.760 --> 0:05:57.599 he did not bad, No, not bad for being out 0:05:57.640 --> 0:06:01.640 there for um it was a seventeen hours in negative 0:06:01.720 --> 0:06:04.400 eighty degree fair high. I'd be like, just the moment 0:06:04.400 --> 0:06:07.760 I stepped outside, I'd just fall over and die. I wouldn't. 0:06:07.800 --> 0:06:10.599 I wouldn't even make it onto my snowmobile. They're like, Josh, 0:06:10.600 --> 0:06:12.600 you can probably make it, and you're like, oh, leave me, 0:06:13.360 --> 0:06:17.640 You're still in the living room. So he actually came 0:06:17.680 --> 0:06:21.320 back in one of bronze with the toe missing. Yeah, 0:06:21.400 --> 0:06:24.360 missing it. So it's pretty good. Yeah. And I saw 0:06:24.440 --> 0:06:26.800 he was on that Biggest Loser show. I think he 0:06:26.800 --> 0:06:30.320 he gained a lot of weight. So if it was fat, 0:06:30.800 --> 0:06:33.080 that's not good for frost bite. If it was muscle mess, 0:06:34.240 --> 0:06:37.240 it's like Mr Frostbite Fighter. I think he put on 0:06:37.640 --> 0:06:41.440 fat weight and went on the Biggest Loser and I 0:06:41.440 --> 0:06:46.240 think perhaps lost that weight. Uh, I'm good for him. Boy, 0:06:46.240 --> 0:06:50.240 he's just a winner all over, didn't he sounds like it? So, Um, 0:06:50.440 --> 0:06:55.359 frost bite, it turns out, is not a an extensively 0:06:55.480 --> 0:07:00.240 studied malady. It's it called a cold weather injury, right, 0:07:00.440 --> 0:07:03.400 cold temperature injury. It's not tracked very well either. No, 0:07:03.600 --> 0:07:05.520 and up until the reason why it is because up 0:07:05.560 --> 0:07:10.400 until about the fifties, Um, if you got frostbite, you 0:07:10.440 --> 0:07:14.640 were probably a soldier. That's where most cases of frostbite 0:07:14.640 --> 0:07:17.160 came from. We're from the militaries around the world. You're 0:07:17.200 --> 0:07:20.440 a cross country skier or a soldier, right. And then 0:07:20.640 --> 0:07:24.000 as cross country skiing got more popular, and then downhill 0:07:24.040 --> 0:07:27.680 skiing game popularity, and then snowbarning came along, and outdoor 0:07:27.800 --> 0:07:32.640 winter sports increased, and mountain climbing is another big one too. 0:07:33.080 --> 0:07:37.960 Incidents of frostbite went up as well. So it was 0:07:38.000 --> 0:07:40.520 really just the last few decades that frost bitt's really 0:07:40.560 --> 0:07:44.120 become a lot more prevalent. It's become like significantly prevalent, 0:07:44.360 --> 0:07:48.480 But it hasn't. It's it's just our understanding of it 0:07:48.520 --> 0:07:51.720 isn't as um a widespread as you would think. Yes, 0:07:51.840 --> 0:07:56.240 saysn't here ten percent of casualties American casualties and w 0:07:56.240 --> 0:08:01.160 W two and Korea we're frostbite. Yeah that crazy. And 0:08:01.200 --> 0:08:04.240 a lot of those I saw were high altitude frostbite 0:08:04.240 --> 0:08:07.120 cases where they were up in a plane and the 0:08:07.160 --> 0:08:10.160 plane wasn't insulated enough. So I don't interested, poor guys 0:08:10.200 --> 0:08:15.880 just got frostbite. Yeah. Uh, cold weather injuries. Uh, and 0:08:15.960 --> 0:08:19.240 this includes frostbite and other stuff. Um. That says that 0:08:19.320 --> 0:08:22.600 men between thirty to forty nine it's most common. Uh, 0:08:22.640 --> 0:08:24.760 and it it just makes sense. It says they're more 0:08:24.840 --> 0:08:28.600 likely to be the ones and engaging in these kind 0:08:28.640 --> 0:08:33.720 of outdoor extreme uh temperature activities tell that the peek 0:08:33.720 --> 0:08:36.800 a boo street. Yeah, that's what I say. Uh. And 0:08:36.840 --> 0:08:39.000 then of course if you live in a warm or 0:08:39.080 --> 0:08:43.760 hot weather country, um, and maybe you're a soldier or something, 0:08:44.200 --> 0:08:47.800 then you're gonna be more likely to get frostbite. Yes. 0:08:47.920 --> 0:08:51.600 So apparently if you are of African descent, Arab descent, 0:08:51.960 --> 0:08:56.760 or Pacific island or descent, you are likelier to get 0:08:56.800 --> 0:09:00.960 frostbite than uh, like a Caucasian or an Asian person. 0:09:01.200 --> 0:09:05.439 And that's because of your just what your body's used to. 0:09:05.640 --> 0:09:10.280 They don't know, no one's ever said uh any any 0:09:10.360 --> 0:09:13.439 explanation of it tends to be armchair and traps is 0:09:13.559 --> 0:09:17.560 very quickly into like racism, you know. So science is like, 0:09:17.760 --> 0:09:21.320 we've documented that it's definitely true. I think, um, African 0:09:21.320 --> 0:09:26.000 American soldiers get it like four times, more like four times, 0:09:26.360 --> 0:09:28.520 they're four times likely or to get it than their 0:09:28.640 --> 0:09:32.720 Caucasian Caucasian soldiers in the same study. But they're like, 0:09:32.800 --> 0:09:35.280 we have no idea why. We just can't say why, 0:09:35.360 --> 0:09:37.920 Like what are you saying? Like we're not saying anything, 0:09:38.080 --> 0:09:42.360 We're just saying it you just documented it. Uh, all right, 0:09:42.400 --> 0:09:46.800 So let's talk a little bit about the symptoms. Um. 0:09:46.960 --> 0:09:49.120 Like we said before, even if you are addressed for 0:09:49.160 --> 0:09:53.920 the weather, it's this prolonged exposure and I can I went, 0:09:53.960 --> 0:09:57.920 I had the worst. What's the worst cold weather experience 0:09:57.960 --> 0:10:00.360 of your life? Do you remember? I do? All Let's 0:10:00.440 --> 0:10:06.000 let's share these real quick. When I was four, maybe five, 0:10:06.440 --> 0:10:09.200 I had these this pair of cowboy boots that I loved, 0:10:10.120 --> 0:10:12.000 and I got him when I was maybe three. Well, 0:10:12.120 --> 0:10:15.600 you started to grow significantly between three and four and five, 0:10:16.080 --> 0:10:19.000 so I'd outgrown the cowboy boots. But my parents had 0:10:19.040 --> 0:10:22.680 neglected to buy me replacement cowboy boots, and it neglected 0:10:22.679 --> 0:10:24.640 to take away the ones they were now too small. 0:10:25.000 --> 0:10:27.800 So I went outside and I wanted to wear my 0:10:27.840 --> 0:10:30.079 cowboy boots, but I couldn't wear socks with them, right, 0:10:30.559 --> 0:10:33.400 And it is the middle of winter and Toledo, Like, 0:10:33.440 --> 0:10:35.760 I'm sliding around on ice in my cowboy boots with 0:10:35.800 --> 0:10:39.760 no socks. And I got home and I lost three toes. 0:10:40.960 --> 0:10:43.320 I didn't lose the toes, but everything else was was 0:10:43.640 --> 0:10:46.400 That was my first brush with the concept of frostbite, 0:10:46.679 --> 0:10:49.160 because my mom was like, you could have gotten frostbite, 0:10:49.200 --> 0:10:52.760 Like this is you're you're a dumb kid. That was. 0:10:53.520 --> 0:10:57.400 That was a really eye opening experience for me. I 0:10:57.480 --> 0:11:01.720 went to a Cleveland Browns game, if you years ago 0:11:02.280 --> 0:11:07.480 in Cleveland, possibly the most miserable sporting event I've ever 0:11:07.640 --> 0:11:11.280 not possibly I've never understood why, far and away, why what? 0:11:11.559 --> 0:11:14.520 Why people do that to themselves? Well, they were like 0:11:14.559 --> 0:11:17.280 a badge of honor in those cold weather states, you know, 0:11:17.440 --> 0:11:22.120 like you know, yeah, they love that stuff. I don't 0:11:22.120 --> 0:11:23.480 know if they really love it or if they just 0:11:23.600 --> 0:11:28.800 it's they've all gotten so used to dealing with it 0:11:28.880 --> 0:11:31.640 that that's their way to deal with it is by 0:11:31.840 --> 0:11:35.040 putting down people who don't have to deal with it, right, Like, 0:11:35.120 --> 0:11:36.800 you know, they'll come to Atlanta and it'll be like, 0:11:37.440 --> 0:11:41.000 you know, twenty eight degrees, which is cold and just 0:11:41.040 --> 0:11:47.959 like summer to us. No, it's below freezing. Like anyway, 0:11:48.440 --> 0:11:51.080 the Browns Dolphins game of a few years ago was 0:11:52.000 --> 0:11:55.600 truly miserable. It was that stadium in Cleveland is right 0:11:55.640 --> 0:11:59.680 next to the lake and the water. The wind just 0:11:59.720 --> 0:12:02.840 whip soft that water into the stadium. Man, and I 0:12:02.880 --> 0:12:06.040 was I remember walking in there thinking like, man, I 0:12:06.080 --> 0:12:09.959 am toasty. I'm gonna be just fine. I was layered 0:12:10.040 --> 0:12:14.240 like eight layers deep, had pocket warmers like this, I've 0:12:14.280 --> 0:12:17.520 got this. And as the game went on, just slowly 0:12:17.600 --> 0:12:20.680 and slowly and slowly, they just started to creep in 0:12:20.920 --> 0:12:26.600 through all those layers. And I'm talking long John's thermals, sweatshirts, sweaters, 0:12:26.640 --> 0:12:30.360 hoodies and like the the Big Parka. It sounds like 0:12:30.400 --> 0:12:34.000 you did everything, everything right and it's still just cut through. 0:12:34.120 --> 0:12:36.640 And by the end of the game, my internal core 0:12:36.880 --> 0:12:40.480 was freezing, right, And that's the big problem, right, because 0:12:41.520 --> 0:12:46.760 the frost bite is your body's natural response to staving 0:12:46.760 --> 0:12:50.240 off hypothermia, which is an even bigger problem. You're not 0:12:50.320 --> 0:12:53.320 gonna die from frostbite because there's only certain areas of 0:12:53.320 --> 0:12:56.840 the body and they're really ultimately not that important to 0:12:56.960 --> 0:13:02.600 keeping you alive. But hypothermia, that's the that's the money problem, right, 0:13:02.760 --> 0:13:05.560 That's the one that's going to kill you, because with hypothermia, 0:13:05.679 --> 0:13:09.079 your core temperature drops and you end up freezing to death. 0:13:10.280 --> 0:13:15.600 Frostbite is your body's reaction to that and what it does, right, 0:13:16.160 --> 0:13:18.800 you dummy, Once you go this one's on TV. That's 0:13:18.840 --> 0:13:21.800 not even blacked out, like go watch it on TV dummy. 0:13:21.840 --> 0:13:24.240 But we can lose a toe, right, and that's fine. 0:13:24.360 --> 0:13:25.840 It will be a badge of honor and you can 0:13:25.880 --> 0:13:29.040 go to Green Bay with that thing. So your your 0:13:29.040 --> 0:13:31.480 body says, all right, fine, well we'll lose a toe. 0:13:31.480 --> 0:13:35.400 Then I'm gonna stop sending blood to your extremities, including 0:13:35.440 --> 0:13:38.960 your toe, and I'm gonna save it for your core, right. 0:13:39.040 --> 0:13:42.040 And it's not like your core needs more blood at 0:13:42.080 --> 0:13:44.520 that point. But when your blood goes out to like 0:13:44.640 --> 0:13:47.480 your skin and your fingers and your arms, and your 0:13:47.480 --> 0:13:52.559 ears and your nose and your penis, you can get 0:13:52.559 --> 0:13:57.480 frostbite on your penis. Did you come across that, Uh, 0:13:57.800 --> 0:14:00.800 what do you mean, come across the Browns game in 0:14:00.880 --> 0:14:05.040 your research? Did you see that? No? I didn't. You 0:14:05.080 --> 0:14:07.959 can right, Well, that's definitely not something I will google. 0:14:08.080 --> 0:14:11.240 So when blood goes out to these extremities, it's it's 0:14:11.280 --> 0:14:14.160 being exposed to that cold air or whereas if it 0:14:14.280 --> 0:14:17.560 stays circulating in the core, then it's able to just 0:14:17.679 --> 0:14:20.040 keep the core warm because the blood is not getting 0:14:20.040 --> 0:14:22.000 cold and coming back into the core and robbing the 0:14:22.040 --> 0:14:24.600 core of its warmth to reheat the blood. I would 0:14:24.640 --> 0:14:26.960 hope that wee Wei is close enough to your core. 0:14:27.320 --> 0:14:30.720 I saw amongst joggers it can be a real problem. 0:14:30.920 --> 0:14:35.360 Well that's because they're wearing those little dolphin running shorts, right, yeah, 0:14:35.800 --> 0:14:38.440 in Green Bay, and I should finish up that story 0:14:38.480 --> 0:14:40.680 about that game. It was not only miserable because of 0:14:40.720 --> 0:14:46.560 the weather, but that field was wet and frozen and 0:14:46.600 --> 0:14:48.880 it was the Browns Dolphins and it was literally like 0:14:49.240 --> 0:14:51.000 I think it was like a six to nothing game. 0:14:51.360 --> 0:14:54.320 Oh man, it was just awful. Did you at least 0:14:54.320 --> 0:14:57.640 get some good nachos out of the deal? I don't 0:14:57.640 --> 0:15:00.720 think so you're too cold to eat? Now? Well, I 0:15:00.720 --> 0:15:03.880 mean I was with my in laws and sister in law, 0:15:03.960 --> 0:15:06.320 my father in law. They don't need to my cousin 0:15:06.440 --> 0:15:10.080 in law. Cousin in law. Yeah, so that was fun, okay, 0:15:10.200 --> 0:15:11.520 But by the end of the game, I was like, 0:15:11.560 --> 0:15:16.400 you people are crazy. This is miserable. I know everyone's drunk, 0:15:17.640 --> 0:15:20.160 which is a bad move as far as Frostbike goes. 0:15:20.200 --> 0:15:22.440 As we'll see. That's right. But let's get back to 0:15:22.480 --> 0:15:26.400 this some bit about sending warm blood to the extremities. 0:15:26.920 --> 0:15:29.080 There is um and this is something I did not know. 0:15:29.720 --> 0:15:32.120 It's pretty neat though, but your hands and your feet 0:15:32.160 --> 0:15:36.800 have these little junctions between arteries and veins that you 0:15:36.800 --> 0:15:41.960 can shut off like a faucet, uh, called arterio venus 0:15:42.640 --> 0:15:47.640 and astomoses, and you na, that's literally what happens is 0:15:47.640 --> 0:15:50.360 your body starts to get cold and they say, you 0:15:50.400 --> 0:15:52.360 know what, I'm gonna shut shut it down for your 0:15:52.360 --> 0:15:55.480 hands and feet, so sorry, but we need to keep 0:15:55.480 --> 0:15:59.280 your internal organs and you're we we nice and warm. Right, 0:16:00.000 --> 0:16:03.560 there's the there's actually something called the hunting response, and 0:16:03.600 --> 0:16:09.520 the hunting response is where your arterio vanous ennis demosis 0:16:09.600 --> 0:16:13.760 shut off, So the blood to your extremities is shut off, 0:16:13.800 --> 0:16:18.440 but then every ten to fifteen minutes you're they get 0:16:18.480 --> 0:16:22.160 turned back on so that there's blood going back to 0:16:22.200 --> 0:16:24.640 your extremities again for a few minutes, and then you 0:16:24.680 --> 0:16:27.680 get shut off again. So it's it's keeping it going 0:16:27.840 --> 0:16:31.600 just enough so that your your extremities aren't actually going 0:16:31.640 --> 0:16:34.640 to free interesting. But then that hunting response is only 0:16:34.680 --> 0:16:39.040 good down to about zero degrees celsius. They're freezing right 0:16:39.640 --> 0:16:42.440 once it hits that you're hunting response turns off and 0:16:42.480 --> 0:16:46.920 you're the circulation to your extremities is shut off entirely. 0:16:47.240 --> 0:16:50.960 It's not coming back on anymore. Yeah, and at this point, Um, 0:16:51.040 --> 0:16:56.160 your skin is literally freezing. Between this the space between cells, 0:16:56.600 --> 0:17:00.000 ice crystals are forming. It's going to dehydrate the interior 0:17:00.080 --> 0:17:03.400 or those cells and damage that tissue. And you're in 0:17:03.480 --> 0:17:06.280 bad shape at that point, yeah, because ice crystals are 0:17:06.359 --> 0:17:09.879 literally forming in between your cells, right, and if that 0:17:10.000 --> 0:17:14.640 damages the cells, that's bad enough. But when ice is forming, 0:17:14.840 --> 0:17:20.480 as anybody knows, ice is less dense than water, right, 0:17:21.520 --> 0:17:24.479 and as it forms, it takes that water and sucks 0:17:24.520 --> 0:17:29.800 it up. And since cells love homeostasis, they want to 0:17:29.880 --> 0:17:34.960 regain that balance of salt of um solution between the 0:17:34.960 --> 0:17:37.000 outside of cell and inside of cell. So water is 0:17:37.040 --> 0:17:40.000 drawn out of the cells. That stuff freezes too, and 0:17:40.080 --> 0:17:42.720 all of a sudden, your cells are dehydrated and the 0:17:42.760 --> 0:17:45.680 stuff in between them is ice crystals. So it's it's 0:17:45.720 --> 0:17:48.639 a bad jam in there. And we'll we'll get further 0:17:48.760 --> 0:18:18.000 into the cells after this. So check the extracellular matrix 0:18:18.080 --> 0:18:23.520 is frozen into ice crystals. Your cells are dehydrated, um, 0:18:23.520 --> 0:18:28.639 and your skin is literally freezing, and you're watching the 0:18:28.680 --> 0:18:31.840 browns in the dolphins right exactly. It's bad. What you've 0:18:31.880 --> 0:18:35.520 just entered is um the first degree, or the I 0:18:35.560 --> 0:18:37.840 should say not the first degree, but the first part 0:18:38.160 --> 0:18:44.240 of um of frost bite. That's right, And actually that's 0:18:44.320 --> 0:18:49.600 probably called frost nip. I think frost nip comes before that. 0:18:49.680 --> 0:18:52.639 I think as your skins is, it's getting closer and 0:18:52.680 --> 0:18:56.840 closer to zero degrees. It says here frost nip is 0:18:57.040 --> 0:19:01.280 mild frost bite. Only skin freezes, and skin appears yellowish 0:19:01.320 --> 0:19:03.959 or white but feels soft to the touch. Tingling and 0:19:04.000 --> 0:19:08.400 burning sensations. But there's no like, the extra cellular matrix 0:19:08.480 --> 0:19:11.160 is not actually freezing and forming ice crystal. I don't 0:19:11.280 --> 0:19:13.720 think at this point. Yeah, in frost nip once it 0:19:13.760 --> 0:19:15.960 just sounds cuter, one, yeah it does. Then you just 0:19:15.960 --> 0:19:20.360 got a little frost nip. Yeah, some marshmallows will clear that, right. Uh. 0:19:20.560 --> 0:19:23.520 Once the ice crystals forming the extra cellular matrix, you've 0:19:23.600 --> 0:19:27.320 hit frost bite though, for sure. Yeah. Um, so can 0:19:27.320 --> 0:19:31.159 we talk about the degrees now? All right? First degree, Uh, 0:19:31.440 --> 0:19:34.440 superficial wounding and underlying of the skin and the underlying 0:19:34.440 --> 0:19:38.720 tissue and nom to the sensation that might be frost nip. No, 0:19:38.920 --> 0:19:43.879 frost nip has tingling. Still, frost bite is where you're numb, 0:19:44.119 --> 0:19:46.800 all right, Yeah, and your hands supposedly feel like blocks 0:19:46.800 --> 0:19:51.040 of wood or your leg or your penis whatever whatever 0:19:51.160 --> 0:19:54.560 is being frost bitten. And it's horrible, feel like a 0:19:54.720 --> 0:20:00.480 heavy block of wood. Second degree, Uh, still so official, 0:20:01.960 --> 0:20:03.560 just like you don't want to hang around. It's not 0:20:03.640 --> 0:20:07.160 very deep in conversation, very superficial. Uh. And the skin 0:20:07.240 --> 0:20:10.320 blisters and the tissue freezes. A third degree, you're going 0:20:10.400 --> 0:20:15.359 to get that deep tissue and skin wounding, um blisters, 0:20:15.400 --> 0:20:21.000 blood filled blisters, permanent tissue damage. And then finally fourth degree, 0:20:21.200 --> 0:20:23.520 no good at all. You're gonna lose a digit or 0:20:23.520 --> 0:20:27.520 a limb because of all the dead tissue. Severe severe 0:20:27.800 --> 0:20:32.439 tissue damage. Yeah, yeah, almost certainly going to result in 0:20:32.440 --> 0:20:35.840 the amputation because you're you've got necrosis, you've got cellular 0:20:35.960 --> 0:20:39.760 cellular death, like extensive cellular death. When those things get 0:20:39.760 --> 0:20:43.359 dehydrated and cut up by the crystals, the ice crystals, 0:20:43.520 --> 0:20:46.520 they're toasts, no coming back, no, And it's even worse, 0:20:47.040 --> 0:20:52.040 it turns out when it freezes and then thaws and 0:20:52.080 --> 0:20:55.480 then refreezes. Yeah. I did not know that, and it will. 0:20:55.560 --> 0:20:57.920 It makes sense though, because like you've got the initial 0:20:58.000 --> 0:21:01.200 damage from those ice crystals that for and then they 0:21:01.200 --> 0:21:03.359 thought and then they formed new ice crystals and do 0:21:03.440 --> 0:21:06.439 even more extensive damage. It would make sense that your 0:21:06.440 --> 0:21:09.920 cells would be like you had one shot, you blew 0:21:09.920 --> 0:21:12.840 it if you thought and then refroze. Who does that? 0:21:13.480 --> 0:21:17.239 It's like skunky beer. Yeah, all right. So I just 0:21:17.600 --> 0:21:19.520 gave myself away and said that I did not know 0:21:19.560 --> 0:21:22.359 that about the rewarming. But I also and I wrote 0:21:22.840 --> 0:21:26.440 articles on cold weather survival. Oh yeah, and I don't remember. 0:21:27.240 --> 0:21:30.840 I thought the way to treat frostbite was too very 0:21:30.880 --> 0:21:32.720 and I think I might have been thinking hypothermia was 0:21:32.760 --> 0:21:37.720 too very. Gradually rewarm your hand or whatever. Not with frostbite, 0:21:37.720 --> 0:21:40.800 it makes you totally thought like, no, you don't want 0:21:40.800 --> 0:21:43.439 to shock your your frost bitten hand. You know you 0:21:43.520 --> 0:21:45.960 do with warm water. But that's exactly what you want 0:21:45.960 --> 0:21:48.400 to do. Yeah, and you it has to be warm water. 0:21:48.440 --> 0:21:50.600 And the reason why is because direct heat from like 0:21:50.640 --> 0:21:53.160 a heating pad or something like that can actually really 0:21:53.240 --> 0:21:56.760 damage the damage that's already done. It can it can 0:21:56.760 --> 0:21:59.480 take it and finish it off well, because you you 0:21:59.520 --> 0:22:01.840 don't have that feeling in your hands, so you might 0:22:01.880 --> 0:22:03.919 be burning yourself and not even know it, right, But 0:22:03.960 --> 0:22:07.040 I get the impression that also direct heat itself actually 0:22:07.040 --> 0:22:11.560 on a cellular level is problematic for the tissue damage. Right, 0:22:11.840 --> 0:22:15.679 So you want indirect warmth through water? Oh, interesting, and 0:22:15.720 --> 0:22:17.880 you plunge your hands. Let's say, so, I keep going 0:22:17.920 --> 0:22:20.639 to hands because I think that's probably the most um 0:22:20.840 --> 0:22:25.040 hands and feet probably sure, um, let's say its feet. Right. 0:22:25.160 --> 0:22:27.480 You get a couple of buckets of hundred and four 0:22:27.520 --> 0:22:31.520 degree fahrenheit temperature water, and you plunge your hands and 0:22:31.560 --> 0:22:33.880 your feet in them and just leave them in there 0:22:34.320 --> 0:22:37.639 until they're rewarmed. Yeah, you don't want to uh, you 0:22:37.640 --> 0:22:40.040 want to make it too hot? No, And this is 0:22:40.080 --> 0:22:42.840 there's some really important points to say here, Like, first 0:22:42.840 --> 0:22:46.480 of all, we're not doctors. No, we're not lawyers either, 0:22:46.520 --> 0:22:48.560 but we know enough to say that we're not doctors. 0:22:48.880 --> 0:22:51.639 That's correct. So if you are, if you find yourself 0:22:51.680 --> 0:22:56.119 in a cold weather injury survival situation like this, or 0:22:56.160 --> 0:23:00.000 you come across somebody from what I've seen, you don't 0:23:00.119 --> 0:23:02.480 actually want to do this until like you're down off 0:23:02.480 --> 0:23:05.040 the mountain. Well yeah, because of the whole thing with 0:23:05.520 --> 0:23:08.439 following and refreezing. That's one part of it said, like, 0:23:08.480 --> 0:23:11.720 don't start this process unless you know you can complete it, right, 0:23:11.920 --> 0:23:14.000 and unless that you know that it's not going to 0:23:14.040 --> 0:23:18.640 freeze again because you got the freeze thaw freeze injury 0:23:18.880 --> 0:23:20.959 that comes about. But also one of the other things 0:23:21.000 --> 0:23:23.800 you're gonna find is that, like I was saying earlier, 0:23:24.119 --> 0:23:28.200 your extremity that's frost bitten. Once it thaws, it's going 0:23:28.320 --> 0:23:31.960 to resemble a balloon animal very quickly. And if you're 0:23:32.440 --> 0:23:36.119 hiking out of a of a like a mountain area, 0:23:36.640 --> 0:23:42.320 somebody came to get you finally, Um, you're actually better 0:23:42.400 --> 0:23:45.919 off walking out on your frost bitten feet then you 0:23:45.960 --> 0:23:48.720 are rewarming them and trying to walk out on those 0:23:48.760 --> 0:23:51.000 because they're going to just balloon up and you will 0:23:51.000 --> 0:23:53.240 not be able to walk on them afterwards, at the 0:23:53.400 --> 0:23:55.320 very least of their frost bit and you can't feel 0:23:55.359 --> 0:23:58.719 them and they're not swollen. But part of the thawing 0:23:58.800 --> 0:24:03.080 process is what's called perfusion reperfusion, and there's something called 0:24:03.080 --> 0:24:05.919 a reperfusion energy where blood and oxygen comes back to 0:24:06.000 --> 0:24:09.439 the site and it actually leads to inflammation and the 0:24:09.480 --> 0:24:13.080 tissue damage from the body going back to its normal 0:24:13.119 --> 0:24:17.320 processes can actually make the whole thing way worse. Yeah, 0:24:17.359 --> 0:24:20.080 And and that also ties in nicely with One of 0:24:20.080 --> 0:24:23.280 the things you recommend is to keep moving if you're 0:24:23.359 --> 0:24:26.000 stranded somewhere, even if you don't leave the area, get 0:24:26.040 --> 0:24:28.439 up and walk in circles, like anything you can do 0:24:28.600 --> 0:24:32.400 to try and get circulation going to those extremities. Again. Yeah, 0:24:32.400 --> 0:24:34.800 and we talked about it kind of in the Hibernation 0:24:34.840 --> 0:24:38.800