1 00:00:00,720 --> 00:00:03,880 Speaker 1: Hey, everybody in the greater San Francisco Bay Area. We're 2 00:00:03,880 --> 00:00:06,720 Speaker 1: also looking at you, Oakland. We are coming out to 3 00:00:06,760 --> 00:00:09,360 Speaker 1: Sketch Fest this year again for the second year in 4 00:00:09,400 --> 00:00:12,440 Speaker 1: a row, and we're doing it rare Sunday afternoon jam, 5 00:00:12,440 --> 00:00:16,079 Speaker 1: so that is Sunday, January one pm. You can come 6 00:00:16,079 --> 00:00:18,919 Speaker 1: see us live and tickets are gonna go fast, So 7 00:00:19,000 --> 00:00:22,799 Speaker 1: go to s F Sketch Fest dot com and just 8 00:00:22,880 --> 00:00:24,639 Speaker 1: click on the little ticket links or look at the 9 00:00:24,680 --> 00:00:27,360 Speaker 1: lineup and follow us there and we can't wait to 10 00:00:27,360 --> 00:00:29,639 Speaker 1: see everyone. It's one of our favorite cities to perform in. 11 00:00:30,360 --> 00:00:33,960 Speaker 1: And uh go to s F Sketch Fest dot com Oakland, 12 00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:39,040 Speaker 1: San Francisco. We will see you soon. Welcome to Stuff 13 00:00:39,080 --> 00:00:48,080 Speaker 1: you should know from the house Stuff Works dot com. Hey, 14 00:00:48,120 --> 00:00:51,160 Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, and there's 15 00:00:51,240 --> 00:00:54,480 Speaker 1: Charles W. Chuck Bryant, and there's Jerry. And it is 16 00:00:54,680 --> 00:00:59,320 Speaker 1: really cold here in the studio. It is Election Day, 17 00:00:59,440 --> 00:01:04,480 Speaker 1: Part two. We're recording on Election Day. It's right, Jerry's 18 00:01:04,480 --> 00:01:07,800 Speaker 1: got on her pants suit, yeah, which means that she's 19 00:01:08,000 --> 00:01:12,280 Speaker 1: uh gonna make America great again. She's got on her 20 00:01:12,280 --> 00:01:15,240 Speaker 1: pants suit and her hat that says making American creating. Yes, 21 00:01:17,880 --> 00:01:22,480 Speaker 1: I early voted, so I wasn't out there today, but um, 22 00:01:22,520 --> 00:01:24,319 Speaker 1: I heard people saying like, oh, I want to wait 23 00:01:24,360 --> 00:01:26,720 Speaker 1: till the real day because I just I get more 24 00:01:26,720 --> 00:01:30,280 Speaker 1: out of that experience. It's like, no, it's like Christmas now. Well, 25 00:01:30,319 --> 00:01:32,200 Speaker 1: I mean that's just one day. It's spread out over 26 00:01:32,280 --> 00:01:34,080 Speaker 1: weeks to each their own of course. But when I 27 00:01:34,120 --> 00:01:37,480 Speaker 1: really voted, they were uh, plenty enough people there for 28 00:01:37,520 --> 00:01:41,240 Speaker 1: me to feel, um like, I was like, I enjoy voting. 29 00:01:41,280 --> 00:01:44,240 Speaker 1: It's it's a fun experience. And it wasn't like I 30 00:01:44,240 --> 00:01:46,080 Speaker 1: showed up early and it was they were just like 31 00:01:47,400 --> 00:01:51,680 Speaker 1: getting their vote. I don't care a contact. No, they 32 00:01:51,680 --> 00:01:55,120 Speaker 1: had like still a grand old flag blaring on the 33 00:01:55,160 --> 00:01:57,880 Speaker 1: speakers at the doorway and all that. Yeah, and hey, 34 00:01:58,320 --> 00:02:00,600 Speaker 1: well this is for the next life. Jenna should have 35 00:02:00,600 --> 00:02:05,720 Speaker 1: said this weeks ago. Thank an election volunteer. Okay, just 36 00:02:05,800 --> 00:02:08,640 Speaker 1: go up and say thank you to somebody. That's a 37 00:02:08,680 --> 00:02:11,640 Speaker 1: lot of hard work and they only make about twenty 38 00:02:11,639 --> 00:02:15,160 Speaker 1: five bucks an hour on a lot. I imagine it's 39 00:02:15,160 --> 00:02:18,320 Speaker 1: not fun in a lot of precincts. And uh, anyway, 40 00:02:18,360 --> 00:02:22,040 Speaker 1: the good people doing good work and that's all nice. 41 00:02:22,080 --> 00:02:25,079 Speaker 1: Try to say about that. Are you ready? So let's 42 00:02:25,080 --> 00:02:28,720 Speaker 1: talk about frost bite. When when you were standing in 43 00:02:28,760 --> 00:02:31,800 Speaker 1: line for early voting, was it cold out? No? It 44 00:02:31,919 --> 00:02:35,000 Speaker 1: was um, late October, so it was very, very like 45 00:02:35,080 --> 00:02:38,520 Speaker 1: a hundred degree Well, you're very lucky that it wasn't 46 00:02:38,520 --> 00:02:41,320 Speaker 1: cold out because had it been very cold out, chuck, 47 00:02:41,760 --> 00:02:43,720 Speaker 1: And had you been wearing what you're wearing now a 48 00:02:43,800 --> 00:02:46,880 Speaker 1: T shirt you know, and me Andy's yeah, and that's it. 49 00:02:47,040 --> 00:02:53,359 Speaker 1: That's it. Uh, and tennis shoes. Yeah. Well, yeah, it's terrible. Look. Uh, 50 00:02:53,680 --> 00:02:57,600 Speaker 1: you would have been a likely candidate for frost bite 51 00:02:57,600 --> 00:03:04,560 Speaker 1: depending on the temperature and arrested. Yeah, perhaps probably, It 52 00:03:04,600 --> 00:03:08,480 Speaker 1: depends on how cool your election volunteer was, you know. 53 00:03:08,919 --> 00:03:13,040 Speaker 1: So here's a little tip if you're looking into frostbite 54 00:03:13,240 --> 00:03:15,240 Speaker 1: for one reason or another. Oh, I know what you're 55 00:03:15,240 --> 00:03:20,000 Speaker 1: gonna say, don't look at images of frost bit No need. Yeah, 56 00:03:20,040 --> 00:03:27,400 Speaker 1: I like them. It's like they're like balloon animals, you know. Yeah, 57 00:03:27,600 --> 00:03:30,320 Speaker 1: we're not making light because it's this is something that 58 00:03:30,440 --> 00:03:33,679 Speaker 1: affects people to the point of amputation. Yeah, it definitely can. 59 00:03:33,840 --> 00:03:37,000 Speaker 1: But um, you don't need to go look at the 60 00:03:37,040 --> 00:03:42,480 Speaker 1: pictures of blackened toes and blistered fingers and things. But 61 00:03:42,520 --> 00:03:45,560 Speaker 1: if you do and you want to cope with the horror, 62 00:03:46,120 --> 00:03:50,000 Speaker 1: just pretend again that they're balloon animals. Okay, all right, 63 00:03:50,680 --> 00:03:55,080 Speaker 1: So have you heard of this dude, Rulong Gardner. I 64 00:03:55,120 --> 00:03:58,560 Speaker 1: had not until this. So he was a wrestler, and 65 00:03:58,680 --> 00:04:01,440 Speaker 1: I'm not surprised you hadn't heard of him, especially if, 66 00:04:01,640 --> 00:04:05,560 Speaker 1: um you if we were talking in the nineties, because 67 00:04:05,560 --> 00:04:09,240 Speaker 1: he was virtually a nobody. He was a professional Olympic 68 00:04:09,360 --> 00:04:13,640 Speaker 1: level wrestler Greco Roman, of course, but he was um yeah, 69 00:04:13,760 --> 00:04:17,560 Speaker 1: not like WWF Olympic wrestling, they should do that, but 70 00:04:18,080 --> 00:04:23,760 Speaker 1: uh more like a team fox catcher style wrestling, right. Uh, sure, okay, 71 00:04:24,520 --> 00:04:27,159 Speaker 1: But in the two thousand Olympics in Sydney, this guy 72 00:04:27,200 --> 00:04:29,200 Speaker 1: came out of nowhere. He never placed like higher than 73 00:04:29,240 --> 00:04:31,560 Speaker 1: either fourth or fifth, I think, and he came out 74 00:04:31,560 --> 00:04:34,760 Speaker 1: of nowhere in the two thousand Olympics and won the gold. 75 00:04:35,080 --> 00:04:40,240 Speaker 1: He became like the reigning world champion of Greco Roman wrestling. Right, 76 00:04:41,360 --> 00:04:45,000 Speaker 1: and he was just this cool, nice farm boy from Wisconsin, No, 77 00:04:45,560 --> 00:04:49,679 Speaker 1: from Wyoming. Okay, and uh a couple of years after 78 00:04:50,440 --> 00:04:52,520 Speaker 1: his win, his big win in the Olympics, he was 79 00:04:52,760 --> 00:04:56,440 Speaker 1: snowmobiling out around his house, I guess, and he got 80 00:04:56,520 --> 00:05:00,000 Speaker 1: stuck up there in like a seventeen thousand foot elevation 81 00:05:00,080 --> 00:05:05,520 Speaker 1: in um mountainous area close enough, still pretty high, and 82 00:05:05,560 --> 00:05:08,560 Speaker 1: it was cold out. It was, I mean super cold, 83 00:05:08,600 --> 00:05:14,039 Speaker 1: chuck eight degrees below fahrenheit. That's crazy negative sixty two 84 00:05:14,040 --> 00:05:17,440 Speaker 1: degrees celsius. And he's stranded, like he's out there. So 85 00:05:17,480 --> 00:05:21,800 Speaker 1: when you're like this, unless you have um prepared to 86 00:05:22,400 --> 00:05:25,839 Speaker 1: spend an extended amount of time outdoors in that weather. 87 00:05:26,200 --> 00:05:29,360 Speaker 1: Even if you have sometimes yeah, but if you haven't, 88 00:05:29,640 --> 00:05:33,719 Speaker 1: you're in big trouble. You're definitely you're probably going to die. 89 00:05:34,360 --> 00:05:36,440 Speaker 1: At the very least, you're gonna you're going to get 90 00:05:36,480 --> 00:05:39,360 Speaker 1: some serious frost bite. And that's all that Rulan Gardner 91 00:05:39,440 --> 00:05:42,000 Speaker 1: ended up with, with serious frost bite. And they're actually 92 00:05:42,120 --> 00:05:45,400 Speaker 1: he's a really good example, as we'll see of how 93 00:05:45,880 --> 00:05:49,080 Speaker 1: a person or why a person could survive in that 94 00:05:49,200 --> 00:05:54,719 Speaker 1: kind of weather and just get frost bite. Right. Yeah, 95 00:05:54,760 --> 00:05:57,599 Speaker 1: he did not bad, No, not bad for being out 96 00:05:57,640 --> 00:06:01,640 Speaker 1: there for um it was a seventeen hours in negative 97 00:06:01,720 --> 00:06:04,400 Speaker 1: eighty degree fair high. I'd be like, just the moment 98 00:06:04,400 --> 00:06:07,760 Speaker 1: I stepped outside, I'd just fall over and die. I wouldn't. 99 00:06:07,800 --> 00:06:10,599 Speaker 1: I wouldn't even make it onto my snowmobile. They're like, Josh, 100 00:06:10,600 --> 00:06:12,600 Speaker 1: you can probably make it, and you're like, oh, leave me, 101 00:06:13,360 --> 00:06:17,640 Speaker 1: You're still in the living room. So he actually came 102 00:06:17,680 --> 00:06:21,320 Speaker 1: back in one of bronze with the toe missing. Yeah, 103 00:06:21,400 --> 00:06:24,360 Speaker 1: missing it. So it's pretty good. Yeah. And I saw 104 00:06:24,440 --> 00:06:26,800 Speaker 1: he was on that Biggest Loser show. I think he 105 00:06:26,800 --> 00:06:30,320 Speaker 1: he gained a lot of weight. So if it was fat, 106 00:06:30,800 --> 00:06:33,080 Speaker 1: that's not good for frost bite. If it was muscle mess, 107 00:06:34,240 --> 00:06:37,240 Speaker 1: it's like Mr Frostbite Fighter. I think he put on 108 00:06:37,640 --> 00:06:41,440 Speaker 1: fat weight and went on the Biggest Loser and I 109 00:06:41,440 --> 00:06:46,240 Speaker 1: think perhaps lost that weight. Uh, I'm good for him. Boy, 110 00:06:46,240 --> 00:06:50,240 Speaker 1: he's just a winner all over, didn't he sounds like it? So, Um, 111 00:06:50,440 --> 00:06:55,359 Speaker 1: frost bite, it turns out, is not a an extensively 112 00:06:55,480 --> 00:07:00,240 Speaker 1: studied malady. It's it called a cold weather injury, right, 113 00:07:00,440 --> 00:07:03,400 Speaker 1: cold temperature injury. It's not tracked very well either. No, 114 00:07:03,600 --> 00:07:05,520 Speaker 1: and up until the reason why it is because up 115 00:07:05,560 --> 00:07:10,400 Speaker 1: until about the fifties, Um, if you got frostbite, you 116 00:07:10,440 --> 00:07:14,640 Speaker 1: were probably a soldier. That's where most cases of frostbite 117 00:07:14,640 --> 00:07:17,160 Speaker 1: came from. We're from the militaries around the world. You're 118 00:07:17,200 --> 00:07:20,440 Speaker 1: a cross country skier or a soldier, right. And then 119 00:07:20,640 --> 00:07:24,000 Speaker 1: as cross country skiing got more popular, and then downhill 120 00:07:24,040 --> 00:07:27,680 Speaker 1: skiing game popularity, and then snowbarning came along, and outdoor 121 00:07:27,800 --> 00:07:32,640 Speaker 1: winter sports increased, and mountain climbing is another big one too. 122 00:07:33,080 --> 00:07:37,960 Speaker 1: Incidents of frostbite went up as well. So it was 123 00:07:38,000 --> 00:07:40,520 Speaker 1: really just the last few decades that frost bitt's really 124 00:07:40,560 --> 00:07:44,120 Speaker 1: become a lot more prevalent. It's become like significantly prevalent, 125 00:07:44,360 --> 00:07:48,480 Speaker 1: But it hasn't. It's it's just our understanding of it 126 00:07:48,520 --> 00:07:51,720 Speaker 1: isn't as um a widespread as you would think. Yes, 127 00:07:51,840 --> 00:07:56,240 Speaker 1: saysn't here ten percent of casualties American casualties and w 128 00:07:56,240 --> 00:08:01,160 Speaker 1: W two and Korea we're frostbite. Yeah that crazy. And 129 00:08:01,200 --> 00:08:04,240 Speaker 1: a lot of those I saw were high altitude frostbite 130 00:08:04,240 --> 00:08:07,120 Speaker 1: cases where they were up in a plane and the 131 00:08:07,160 --> 00:08:10,160 Speaker 1: plane wasn't insulated enough. So I don't interested, poor guys 132 00:08:10,200 --> 00:08:15,880 Speaker 1: just got frostbite. Yeah. Uh, cold weather injuries. Uh, and 133 00:08:15,960 --> 00:08:19,240 Speaker 1: this includes frostbite and other stuff. Um. That says that 134 00:08:19,320 --> 00:08:22,600 Speaker 1: men between thirty to forty nine it's most common. Uh, 135 00:08:22,640 --> 00:08:24,760 Speaker 1: and it it just makes sense. It says they're more 136 00:08:24,840 --> 00:08:28,600 Speaker 1: likely to be the ones and engaging in these kind 137 00:08:28,640 --> 00:08:33,720 Speaker 1: of outdoor extreme uh temperature activities tell that the peek 138 00:08:33,720 --> 00:08:36,800 Speaker 1: a boo street. Yeah, that's what I say. Uh. And 139 00:08:36,840 --> 00:08:39,000 Speaker 1: then of course if you live in a warm or 140 00:08:39,080 --> 00:08:43,760 Speaker 1: hot weather country, um, and maybe you're a soldier or something, 141 00:08:44,200 --> 00:08:47,800 Speaker 1: then you're gonna be more likely to get frostbite. Yes. 142 00:08:47,920 --> 00:08:51,600 Speaker 1: So apparently if you are of African descent, Arab descent, 143 00:08:51,960 --> 00:08:56,760 Speaker 1: or Pacific island or descent, you are likelier to get 144 00:08:56,800 --> 00:09:00,960 Speaker 1: frostbite than uh, like a Caucasian or an Asian person. 145 00:09:01,200 --> 00:09:05,439 Speaker 1: And that's because of your just what your body's used to. 146 00:09:05,640 --> 00:09:10,280 Speaker 1: They don't know, no one's ever said uh any any 147 00:09:10,360 --> 00:09:13,439 Speaker 1: explanation of it tends to be armchair and traps is 148 00:09:13,559 --> 00:09:17,560 Speaker 1: very quickly into like racism, you know. So science is like, 149 00:09:17,760 --> 00:09:21,320 Speaker 1: we've documented that it's definitely true. I think, um, African 150 00:09:21,320 --> 00:09:26,000 Speaker 1: American soldiers get it like four times, more like four times, 151 00:09:26,360 --> 00:09:28,520 Speaker 1: they're four times likely or to get it than their 152 00:09:28,640 --> 00:09:32,720 Speaker 1: Caucasian Caucasian soldiers in the same study. But they're like, 153 00:09:32,800 --> 00:09:35,280 Speaker 1: we have no idea why. We just can't say why, 154 00:09:35,360 --> 00:09:37,920 Speaker 1: Like what are you saying? Like we're not saying anything, 155 00:09:38,080 --> 00:09:42,360 Speaker 1: We're just saying it you just documented it. Uh, all right, 156 00:09:42,400 --> 00:09:46,800 Speaker 1: So let's talk a little bit about the symptoms. Um. 157 00:09:46,960 --> 00:09:49,120 Speaker 1: Like we said before, even if you are addressed for 158 00:09:49,160 --> 00:09:53,920 Speaker 1: the weather, it's this prolonged exposure and I can I went, 159 00:09:53,960 --> 00:09:57,920 Speaker 1: I had the worst. What's the worst cold weather experience 160 00:09:57,960 --> 00:10:00,360 Speaker 1: of your life? Do you remember? I do? All Let's 161 00:10:00,440 --> 00:10:06,000 Speaker 1: let's share these real quick. When I was four, maybe five, 162 00:10:06,440 --> 00:10:09,200 Speaker 1: I had these this pair of cowboy boots that I loved, 163 00:10:10,120 --> 00:10:12,000 Speaker 1: and I got him when I was maybe three. Well, 164 00:10:12,120 --> 00:10:15,600 Speaker 1: you started to grow significantly between three and four and five, 165 00:10:16,080 --> 00:10:19,000 Speaker 1: so I'd outgrown the cowboy boots. But my parents had 166 00:10:19,040 --> 00:10:22,680 Speaker 1: neglected to buy me replacement cowboy boots, and it neglected 167 00:10:22,679 --> 00:10:24,640 Speaker 1: to take away the ones they were now too small. 168 00:10:25,000 --> 00:10:27,800 Speaker 1: So I went outside and I wanted to wear my 169 00:10:27,840 --> 00:10:30,079 Speaker 1: cowboy boots, but I couldn't wear socks with them, right, 170 00:10:30,559 --> 00:10:33,400 Speaker 1: And it is the middle of winter and Toledo, Like, 171 00:10:33,440 --> 00:10:35,760 Speaker 1: I'm sliding around on ice in my cowboy boots with 172 00:10:35,800 --> 00:10:39,760 Speaker 1: no socks. And I got home and I lost three toes. 173 00:10:40,960 --> 00:10:43,320 Speaker 1: I didn't lose the toes, but everything else was was 174 00:10:43,640 --> 00:10:46,400 Speaker 1: That was my first brush with the concept of frostbite, 175 00:10:46,679 --> 00:10:49,160 Speaker 1: because my mom was like, you could have gotten frostbite, 176 00:10:49,200 --> 00:10:52,760 Speaker 1: Like this is you're you're a dumb kid. That was. 177 00:10:53,520 --> 00:10:57,400 Speaker 1: That was a really eye opening experience for me. I 178 00:10:57,480 --> 00:11:01,720 Speaker 1: went to a Cleveland Browns game, if you years ago 179 00:11:02,280 --> 00:11:07,480 Speaker 1: in Cleveland, possibly the most miserable sporting event I've ever 180 00:11:07,640 --> 00:11:11,280 Speaker 1: not possibly I've never understood why, far and away, why what? 181 00:11:11,559 --> 00:11:14,520 Speaker 1: Why people do that to themselves? Well, they were like 182 00:11:14,559 --> 00:11:17,280 Speaker 1: a badge of honor in those cold weather states, you know, 183 00:11:17,440 --> 00:11:22,120 Speaker 1: like you know, yeah, they love that stuff. I don't 184 00:11:22,120 --> 00:11:23,480 Speaker 1: know if they really love it or if they just 185 00:11:23,600 --> 00:11:28,800 Speaker 1: it's they've all gotten so used to dealing with it 186 00:11:28,880 --> 00:11:31,640 Speaker 1: that that's their way to deal with it is by 187 00:11:31,840 --> 00:11:35,040 Speaker 1: putting down people who don't have to deal with it, right, Like, 188 00:11:35,120 --> 00:11:36,800 Speaker 1: you know, they'll come to Atlanta and it'll be like, 189 00:11:37,440 --> 00:11:41,000 Speaker 1: you know, twenty eight degrees, which is cold and just 190 00:11:41,040 --> 00:11:47,959 Speaker 1: like summer to us. No, it's below freezing. Like anyway, 191 00:11:48,440 --> 00:11:51,080 Speaker 1: the Browns Dolphins game of a few years ago was 192 00:11:52,000 --> 00:11:55,600 Speaker 1: truly miserable. It was that stadium in Cleveland is right 193 00:11:55,640 --> 00:11:59,680 Speaker 1: next to the lake and the water. The wind just 194 00:11:59,720 --> 00:12:02,840 Speaker 1: whip soft that water into the stadium. Man, and I 195 00:12:02,880 --> 00:12:06,040 Speaker 1: was I remember walking in there thinking like, man, I 196 00:12:06,080 --> 00:12:09,959 Speaker 1: am toasty. I'm gonna be just fine. I was layered 197 00:12:10,040 --> 00:12:14,240 Speaker 1: like eight layers deep, had pocket warmers like this, I've 198 00:12:14,280 --> 00:12:17,520 Speaker 1: got this. And as the game went on, just slowly 199 00:12:17,600 --> 00:12:20,680 Speaker 1: and slowly and slowly, they just started to creep in 200 00:12:20,920 --> 00:12:26,600 Speaker 1: through all those layers. And I'm talking long John's thermals, sweatshirts, sweaters, 201 00:12:26,640 --> 00:12:30,360 Speaker 1: hoodies and like the the Big Parka. It sounds like 202 00:12:30,400 --> 00:12:34,000 Speaker 1: you did everything, everything right and it's still just cut through. 203 00:12:34,120 --> 00:12:36,640 Speaker 1: And by the end of the game, my internal core 204 00:12:36,880 --> 00:12:40,480 Speaker 1: was freezing, right, And that's the big problem, right, because 205 00:12:41,520 --> 00:12:46,760 Speaker 1: the frost bite is your body's natural response to staving 206 00:12:46,760 --> 00:12:50,240 Speaker 1: off hypothermia, which is an even bigger problem. You're not 207 00:12:50,320 --> 00:12:53,320 Speaker 1: gonna die from frostbite because there's only certain areas of 208 00:12:53,320 --> 00:12:56,840 Speaker 1: the body and they're really ultimately not that important to 209 00:12:56,960 --> 00:13:02,600 Speaker 1: keeping you alive. But hypothermia, that's the that's the money problem, right, 210 00:13:02,760 --> 00:13:05,560 Speaker 1: That's the one that's going to kill you, because with hypothermia, 211 00:13:05,679 --> 00:13:09,079 Speaker 1: your core temperature drops and you end up freezing to death. 212 00:13:10,280 --> 00:13:15,600 Speaker 1: Frostbite is your body's reaction to that and what it does, right, 213 00:13:16,160 --> 00:13:18,800 Speaker 1: you dummy, Once you go this one's on TV. That's 214 00:13:18,840 --> 00:13:21,800 Speaker 1: not even blacked out, like go watch it on TV dummy. 215 00:13:21,840 --> 00:13:24,240 Speaker 1: But we can lose a toe, right, and that's fine. 216 00:13:24,360 --> 00:13:25,840 Speaker 1: It will be a badge of honor and you can 217 00:13:25,880 --> 00:13:29,040 Speaker 1: go to Green Bay with that thing. So your your 218 00:13:29,040 --> 00:13:31,480 Speaker 1: body says, all right, fine, well we'll lose a toe. 219 00:13:31,480 --> 00:13:35,400 Speaker 1: Then I'm gonna stop sending blood to your extremities, including 220 00:13:35,440 --> 00:13:38,960 Speaker 1: your toe, and I'm gonna save it for your core, right. 221 00:13:39,040 --> 00:13:42,040 Speaker 1: And it's not like your core needs more blood at 222 00:13:42,080 --> 00:13:44,520 Speaker 1: that point. But when your blood goes out to like 223 00:13:44,640 --> 00:13:47,480 Speaker 1: your skin and your fingers and your arms, and your 224 00:13:47,480 --> 00:13:52,559 Speaker 1: ears and your nose and your penis, you can get 225 00:13:52,559 --> 00:13:57,480 Speaker 1: frostbite on your penis. Did you come across that, Uh, 226 00:13:57,800 --> 00:14:00,800 Speaker 1: what do you mean, come across the Browns game in 227 00:14:00,880 --> 00:14:05,040 Speaker 1: your research? Did you see that? No? I didn't. You 228 00:14:05,080 --> 00:14:07,959 Speaker 1: can right, Well, that's definitely not something I will google. 229 00:14:08,080 --> 00:14:11,240 Speaker 1: So when blood goes out to these extremities, it's it's 230 00:14:11,280 --> 00:14:14,160 Speaker 1: being exposed to that cold air or whereas if it 231 00:14:14,280 --> 00:14:17,560 Speaker 1: stays circulating in the core, then it's able to just 232 00:14:17,679 --> 00:14:20,040 Speaker 1: keep the core warm because the blood is not getting 233 00:14:20,040 --> 00:14:22,000 Speaker 1: cold and coming back into the core and robbing the 234 00:14:22,040 --> 00:14:24,600 Speaker 1: core of its warmth to reheat the blood. I would 235 00:14:24,640 --> 00:14:26,960 Speaker 1: hope that wee Wei is close enough to your core. 236 00:14:27,320 --> 00:14:30,720 Speaker 1: I saw amongst joggers it can be a real problem. 237 00:14:30,920 --> 00:14:35,360 Speaker 1: Well that's because they're wearing those little dolphin running shorts, right, yeah, 238 00:14:35,800 --> 00:14:38,440 Speaker 1: in Green Bay, and I should finish up that story 239 00:14:38,480 --> 00:14:40,680 Speaker 1: about that game. It was not only miserable because of 240 00:14:40,720 --> 00:14:46,560 Speaker 1: the weather, but that field was wet and frozen and 241 00:14:46,600 --> 00:14:48,880 Speaker 1: it was the Browns Dolphins and it was literally like 242 00:14:49,240 --> 00:14:51,000 Speaker 1: I think it was like a six to nothing game. 243 00:14:51,360 --> 00:14:54,320 Speaker 1: Oh man, it was just awful. Did you at least 244 00:14:54,320 --> 00:14:57,640 Speaker 1: get some good nachos out of the deal? I don't 245 00:14:57,640 --> 00:15:00,720 Speaker 1: think so you're too cold to eat? Now? Well, I 246 00:15:00,720 --> 00:15:03,880 Speaker 1: mean I was with my in laws and sister in law, 247 00:15:03,960 --> 00:15:06,320 Speaker 1: my father in law. They don't need to my cousin 248 00:15:06,440 --> 00:15:10,080 Speaker 1: in law. Cousin in law. Yeah, so that was fun, okay, 249 00:15:10,200 --> 00:15:11,520 Speaker 1: But by the end of the game, I was like, 250 00:15:11,560 --> 00:15:16,400 Speaker 1: you people are crazy. This is miserable. I know everyone's drunk, 251 00:15:17,640 --> 00:15:20,160 Speaker 1: which is a bad move as far as Frostbike goes. 252 00:15:20,200 --> 00:15:22,440 Speaker 1: As we'll see. That's right. But let's get back to 253 00:15:22,480 --> 00:15:26,400 Speaker 1: this some bit about sending warm blood to the extremities. 254 00:15:26,920 --> 00:15:29,080 Speaker 1: There is um and this is something I did not know. 255 00:15:29,720 --> 00:15:32,120 Speaker 1: It's pretty neat though, but your hands and your feet 256 00:15:32,160 --> 00:15:36,800 Speaker 1: have these little junctions between arteries and veins that you 257 00:15:36,800 --> 00:15:41,960 Speaker 1: can shut off like a faucet, uh, called arterio venus 258 00:15:42,640 --> 00:15:47,640 Speaker 1: and astomoses, and you na, that's literally what happens is 259 00:15:47,640 --> 00:15:50,360 Speaker 1: your body starts to get cold and they say, you 260 00:15:50,400 --> 00:15:52,360 Speaker 1: know what, I'm gonna shut shut it down for your 261 00:15:52,360 --> 00:15:55,480 Speaker 1: hands and feet, so sorry, but we need to keep 262 00:15:55,480 --> 00:15:59,280 Speaker 1: your internal organs and you're we we nice and warm. Right, 263 00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:03,560 Speaker 1: there's the there's actually something called the hunting response, and 264 00:16:03,600 --> 00:16:09,520 Speaker 1: the hunting response is where your arterio vanous ennis demosis 265 00:16:09,600 --> 00:16:13,760 Speaker 1: shut off, So the blood to your extremities is shut off, 266 00:16:13,800 --> 00:16:18,440 Speaker 1: but then every ten to fifteen minutes you're they get 267 00:16:18,480 --> 00:16:22,160 Speaker 1: turned back on so that there's blood going back to 268 00:16:22,200 --> 00:16:24,640 Speaker 1: your extremities again for a few minutes, and then you 269 00:16:24,680 --> 00:16:27,680 Speaker 1: get shut off again. So it's it's keeping it going 270 00:16:27,840 --> 00:16:31,600 Speaker 1: just enough so that your your extremities aren't actually going 271 00:16:31,640 --> 00:16:34,640 Speaker 1: to free interesting. But then that hunting response is only 272 00:16:34,680 --> 00:16:39,040 Speaker 1: good down to about zero degrees celsius. They're freezing right 273 00:16:39,640 --> 00:16:42,440 Speaker 1: once it hits that you're hunting response turns off and 274 00:16:42,480 --> 00:16:46,920 Speaker 1: you're the circulation to your extremities is shut off entirely. 275 00:16:47,240 --> 00:16:50,960 Speaker 1: It's not coming back on anymore. Yeah, and at this point, Um, 276 00:16:51,040 --> 00:16:56,160 Speaker 1: your skin is literally freezing. Between this the space between cells, 277 00:16:56,600 --> 00:17:00,000 Speaker 1: ice crystals are forming. It's going to dehydrate the interior 278 00:17:00,080 --> 00:17:03,400 Speaker 1: or those cells and damage that tissue. And you're in 279 00:17:03,480 --> 00:17:06,280 Speaker 1: bad shape at that point, yeah, because ice crystals are 280 00:17:06,359 --> 00:17:09,879 Speaker 1: literally forming in between your cells, right, and if that 281 00:17:10,000 --> 00:17:14,640 Speaker 1: damages the cells, that's bad enough. But when ice is forming, 282 00:17:14,840 --> 00:17:20,480 Speaker 1: as anybody knows, ice is less dense than water, right, 283 00:17:21,520 --> 00:17:24,479 Speaker 1: and as it forms, it takes that water and sucks 284 00:17:24,520 --> 00:17:29,800 Speaker 1: it up. And since cells love homeostasis, they want to 285 00:17:29,880 --> 00:17:34,960 Speaker 1: regain that balance of salt of um solution between the 286 00:17:34,960 --> 00:17:37,000 Speaker 1: outside of cell and inside of cell. So water is 287 00:17:37,040 --> 00:17:40,000 Speaker 1: drawn out of the cells. That stuff freezes too, and 288 00:17:40,080 --> 00:17:42,720 Speaker 1: all of a sudden, your cells are dehydrated and the 289 00:17:42,760 --> 00:17:45,680 Speaker 1: stuff in between them is ice crystals. So it's it's 290 00:17:45,720 --> 00:17:48,639 Speaker 1: a bad jam in there. And we'll we'll get further 291 00:17:48,760 --> 00:18:18,000 Speaker 1: into the cells after this. So check the extracellular matrix 292 00:18:18,080 --> 00:18:23,520 Speaker 1: is frozen into ice crystals. Your cells are dehydrated, um, 293 00:18:23,520 --> 00:18:28,639 Speaker 1: and your skin is literally freezing, and you're watching the 294 00:18:28,680 --> 00:18:31,840 Speaker 1: browns in the dolphins right exactly. It's bad. What you've 295 00:18:31,880 --> 00:18:35,520 Speaker 1: just entered is um the first degree, or the I 296 00:18:35,560 --> 00:18:37,840 Speaker 1: should say not the first degree, but the first part 297 00:18:38,160 --> 00:18:44,240 Speaker 1: of um of frost bite. That's right, And actually that's 298 00:18:44,320 --> 00:18:49,600 Speaker 1: probably called frost nip. I think frost nip comes before that. 299 00:18:49,680 --> 00:18:52,639 Speaker 1: I think as your skins is, it's getting closer and 300 00:18:52,680 --> 00:18:56,840 Speaker 1: closer to zero degrees. It says here frost nip is 301 00:18:57,040 --> 00:19:01,280 Speaker 1: mild frost bite. Only skin freezes, and skin appears yellowish 302 00:19:01,320 --> 00:19:03,959 Speaker 1: or white but feels soft to the touch. Tingling and 303 00:19:04,000 --> 00:19:08,400 Speaker 1: burning sensations. But there's no like, the extra cellular matrix 304 00:19:08,480 --> 00:19:11,160 Speaker 1: is not actually freezing and forming ice crystal. I don't 305 00:19:11,280 --> 00:19:13,720 Speaker 1: think at this point. Yeah, in frost nip once it 306 00:19:13,760 --> 00:19:15,960 Speaker 1: just sounds cuter, one, yeah it does. Then you just 307 00:19:15,960 --> 00:19:20,360 Speaker 1: got a little frost nip. Yeah, some marshmallows will clear that, right. Uh. 308 00:19:20,560 --> 00:19:23,520 Speaker 1: Once the ice crystals forming the extra cellular matrix, you've 309 00:19:23,600 --> 00:19:27,320 Speaker 1: hit frost bite though, for sure. Yeah. Um, so can 310 00:19:27,320 --> 00:19:31,159 Speaker 1: we talk about the degrees now? All right? First degree, Uh, 311 00:19:31,440 --> 00:19:34,440 Speaker 1: superficial wounding and underlying of the skin and the underlying 312 00:19:34,440 --> 00:19:38,720 Speaker 1: tissue and nom to the sensation that might be frost nip. No, 313 00:19:38,920 --> 00:19:43,879 Speaker 1: frost nip has tingling. Still, frost bite is where you're numb, 314 00:19:44,119 --> 00:19:46,800 Speaker 1: all right, Yeah, and your hands supposedly feel like blocks 315 00:19:46,800 --> 00:19:51,040 Speaker 1: of wood or your leg or your penis whatever whatever 316 00:19:51,160 --> 00:19:54,560 Speaker 1: is being frost bitten. And it's horrible, feel like a 317 00:19:54,720 --> 00:20:00,480 Speaker 1: heavy block of wood. Second degree, Uh, still so official, 318 00:20:01,960 --> 00:20:03,560 Speaker 1: just like you don't want to hang around. It's not 319 00:20:03,640 --> 00:20:07,160 Speaker 1: very deep in conversation, very superficial. Uh. And the skin 320 00:20:07,240 --> 00:20:10,320 Speaker 1: blisters and the tissue freezes. A third degree, you're going 321 00:20:10,400 --> 00:20:15,359 Speaker 1: to get that deep tissue and skin wounding, um blisters, 322 00:20:15,400 --> 00:20:21,000 Speaker 1: blood filled blisters, permanent tissue damage. And then finally fourth degree, 323 00:20:21,200 --> 00:20:23,520 Speaker 1: no good at all. You're gonna lose a digit or 324 00:20:23,520 --> 00:20:27,520 Speaker 1: a limb because of all the dead tissue. Severe severe 325 00:20:27,800 --> 00:20:32,439 Speaker 1: tissue damage. Yeah, yeah, almost certainly going to result in 326 00:20:32,440 --> 00:20:35,840 Speaker 1: the amputation because you're you've got necrosis, you've got cellular 327 00:20:35,960 --> 00:20:39,760 Speaker 1: cellular death, like extensive cellular death. When those things get 328 00:20:39,760 --> 00:20:43,359 Speaker 1: dehydrated and cut up by the crystals, the ice crystals, 329 00:20:43,520 --> 00:20:46,520 Speaker 1: they're toasts, no coming back, no, And it's even worse, 330 00:20:47,040 --> 00:20:52,040 Speaker 1: it turns out when it freezes and then thaws and 331 00:20:52,080 --> 00:20:55,480 Speaker 1: then refreezes. Yeah. I did not know that, and it will. 332 00:20:55,560 --> 00:20:57,920 Speaker 1: It makes sense though, because like you've got the initial 333 00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:01,200 Speaker 1: damage from those ice crystals that for and then they 334 00:21:01,200 --> 00:21:03,359 Speaker 1: thought and then they formed new ice crystals and do 335 00:21:03,440 --> 00:21:06,439 Speaker 1: even more extensive damage. It would make sense that your 336 00:21:06,440 --> 00:21:09,920 Speaker 1: cells would be like you had one shot, you blew 337 00:21:09,920 --> 00:21:12,840 Speaker 1: it if you thought and then refroze. Who does that? 338 00:21:13,480 --> 00:21:17,239 Speaker 1: It's like skunky beer. Yeah, all right. So I just 339 00:21:17,600 --> 00:21:19,520 Speaker 1: gave myself away and said that I did not know 340 00:21:19,560 --> 00:21:22,359 Speaker 1: that about the rewarming. But I also and I wrote 341 00:21:22,840 --> 00:21:26,440 Speaker 1: articles on cold weather survival. Oh yeah, and I don't remember. 342 00:21:27,240 --> 00:21:30,840 Speaker 1: I thought the way to treat frostbite was too very 343 00:21:30,880 --> 00:21:32,720 Speaker 1: and I think I might have been thinking hypothermia was 344 00:21:32,760 --> 00:21:37,720 Speaker 1: too very. Gradually rewarm your hand or whatever. Not with frostbite, 345 00:21:37,720 --> 00:21:40,800 Speaker 1: it makes you totally thought like, no, you don't want 346 00:21:40,800 --> 00:21:43,439 Speaker 1: to shock your your frost bitten hand. You know you 347 00:21:43,520 --> 00:21:45,960 Speaker 1: do with warm water. But that's exactly what you want 348 00:21:45,960 --> 00:21:48,400 Speaker 1: to do. Yeah, and you it has to be warm water. 349 00:21:48,440 --> 00:21:50,600 Speaker 1: And the reason why is because direct heat from like 350 00:21:50,640 --> 00:21:53,160 Speaker 1: a heating pad or something like that can actually really 351 00:21:53,240 --> 00:21:56,760 Speaker 1: damage the damage that's already done. It can it can 352 00:21:56,760 --> 00:21:59,480 Speaker 1: take it and finish it off well, because you you 353 00:21:59,520 --> 00:22:01,840 Speaker 1: don't have that feeling in your hands, so you might 354 00:22:01,880 --> 00:22:03,919 Speaker 1: be burning yourself and not even know it, right, But 355 00:22:03,960 --> 00:22:07,040 Speaker 1: I get the impression that also direct heat itself actually 356 00:22:07,040 --> 00:22:11,560 Speaker 1: on a cellular level is problematic for the tissue damage. Right, 357 00:22:11,840 --> 00:22:15,679 Speaker 1: So you want indirect warmth through water? Oh, interesting, and 358 00:22:15,720 --> 00:22:17,880 Speaker 1: you plunge your hands. Let's say, so, I keep going 359 00:22:17,920 --> 00:22:20,639 Speaker 1: to hands because I think that's probably the most um 360 00:22:20,840 --> 00:22:25,040 Speaker 1: hands and feet probably sure, um, let's say its feet. Right. 361 00:22:25,160 --> 00:22:27,480 Speaker 1: You get a couple of buckets of hundred and four 362 00:22:27,520 --> 00:22:31,520 Speaker 1: degree fahrenheit temperature water, and you plunge your hands and 363 00:22:31,560 --> 00:22:33,880 Speaker 1: your feet in them and just leave them in there 364 00:22:34,320 --> 00:22:37,639 Speaker 1: until they're rewarmed. Yeah, you don't want to uh, you 365 00:22:37,640 --> 00:22:40,040 Speaker 1: want to make it too hot? No, And this is 366 00:22:40,080 --> 00:22:42,840 Speaker 1: there's some really important points to say here, Like, first 367 00:22:42,840 --> 00:22:46,480 Speaker 1: of all, we're not doctors. No, we're not lawyers either, 368 00:22:46,520 --> 00:22:48,560 Speaker 1: but we know enough to say that we're not doctors. 369 00:22:48,880 --> 00:22:51,639 Speaker 1: That's correct. So if you are, if you find yourself 370 00:22:51,680 --> 00:22:56,119 Speaker 1: in a cold weather injury survival situation like this, or 371 00:22:56,160 --> 00:23:00,000 Speaker 1: you come across somebody from what I've seen, you don't 372 00:23:00,119 --> 00:23:02,480 Speaker 1: actually want to do this until like you're down off 373 00:23:02,480 --> 00:23:05,040 Speaker 1: the mountain. Well yeah, because of the whole thing with 374 00:23:05,520 --> 00:23:08,439 Speaker 1: following and refreezing. That's one part of it said, like, 375 00:23:08,480 --> 00:23:11,720 Speaker 1: don't start this process unless you know you can complete it, right, 376 00:23:11,920 --> 00:23:14,000 Speaker 1: and unless that you know that it's not going to 377 00:23:14,040 --> 00:23:18,640 Speaker 1: freeze again because you got the freeze thaw freeze injury 378 00:23:18,880 --> 00:23:20,959 Speaker 1: that comes about. But also one of the other things 379 00:23:21,000 --> 00:23:23,800 Speaker 1: you're gonna find is that, like I was saying earlier, 380 00:23:24,119 --> 00:23:28,200 Speaker 1: your extremity that's frost bitten. Once it thaws, it's going 381 00:23:28,320 --> 00:23:31,960 Speaker 1: to resemble a balloon animal very quickly. And if you're 382 00:23:32,440 --> 00:23:36,119 Speaker 1: hiking out of a of a like a mountain area, 383 00:23:36,640 --> 00:23:42,320 Speaker 1: somebody came to get you finally, Um, you're actually better 384 00:23:42,400 --> 00:23:45,919 Speaker 1: off walking out on your frost bitten feet then you 385 00:23:45,960 --> 00:23:48,720 Speaker 1: are rewarming them and trying to walk out on those 386 00:23:48,760 --> 00:23:51,000 Speaker 1: because they're going to just balloon up and you will 387 00:23:51,000 --> 00:23:53,240 Speaker 1: not be able to walk on them afterwards, at the 388 00:23:53,400 --> 00:23:55,320 Speaker 1: very least of their frost bit and you can't feel 389 00:23:55,359 --> 00:23:58,719 Speaker 1: them and they're not swollen. But part of the thawing 390 00:23:58,800 --> 00:24:03,080 Speaker 1: process is what's called perfusion reperfusion, and there's something called 391 00:24:03,080 --> 00:24:05,919 Speaker 1: a reperfusion energy where blood and oxygen comes back to 392 00:24:06,000 --> 00:24:09,439 Speaker 1: the site and it actually leads to inflammation and the 393 00:24:09,480 --> 00:24:13,080 Speaker 1: tissue damage from the body going back to its normal 394 00:24:13,119 --> 00:24:17,320 Speaker 1: processes can actually make the whole thing way worse. Yeah, 395 00:24:17,359 --> 00:24:20,080 Speaker 1: And and that also ties in nicely with One of 396 00:24:20,080 --> 00:24:23,280 Speaker 1: the things you recommend is to keep moving if you're 397 00:24:23,359 --> 00:24:26,000 Speaker 1: stranded somewhere, even if you don't leave the area, get 398 00:24:26,040 --> 00:24:28,439 Speaker 1: up and walk in circles, like anything you can do 399 00:24:28,600 --> 00:24:32,400 Speaker 1: to try and get circulation going to those extremities. Again. Yeah, 400 00:24:32,400 --> 00:24:34,800 Speaker 1: and we talked about it kind of in the Hibernation 401 00:24:34,840 --> 00:24:38,800 Speaker 1: episode where when you UM make your muscles move, it 402 00:24:38,880 --> 00:24:43,000 Speaker 1: requires energy and it burns that a t P and 403 00:24:43,040 --> 00:24:45,960 Speaker 1: creates heat as a byproduct. So anytime you can move 404 00:24:46,000 --> 00:24:48,760 Speaker 1: your muscles, you're actually generating heat, which is what the 405 00:24:48,800 --> 00:24:52,520 Speaker 1: shiver responses. That's right. Uh. One thing that they said 406 00:24:52,680 --> 00:24:54,879 Speaker 1: UM in two thousand seven, though, was an issue in 407 00:24:55,040 --> 00:25:00,520 Speaker 1: Archives of Surgery, that Hot Hot publication. UM. They said 408 00:25:00,560 --> 00:25:02,640 Speaker 1: that they had some pretty good results promising at least 409 00:25:02,640 --> 00:25:06,119 Speaker 1: from a study about UM anti clotting agents like blood 410 00:25:06,160 --> 00:25:09,760 Speaker 1: denning agents to help that blood flow. But I don't 411 00:25:09,800 --> 00:25:11,480 Speaker 1: know where that's gone since then. And it said that 412 00:25:11,520 --> 00:25:14,879 Speaker 1: not everyone's a candidate for that. And you know, this 413 00:25:14,920 --> 00:25:17,399 Speaker 1: is something that you would obviously not have if you 414 00:25:17,400 --> 00:25:19,919 Speaker 1: were out there trying to survive, something you would get 415 00:25:19,960 --> 00:25:22,320 Speaker 1: maybe in the emergency room, sure, right. And the other 416 00:25:22,359 --> 00:25:26,520 Speaker 1: big thing is infection after you've rewarmed that tissue. Uh, 417 00:25:26,560 --> 00:25:32,320 Speaker 1: infection is a big problem waiting to happen. Huge problem. Um, 418 00:25:32,520 --> 00:25:36,400 Speaker 1: Like you're a prime candidate for tetanus. Yeah, when your 419 00:25:36,480 --> 00:25:40,960 Speaker 1: feet swell, the skin can very easily crack your toke 420 00:25:41,080 --> 00:25:43,120 Speaker 1: and just fall off. And you don't have to worry 421 00:25:43,119 --> 00:25:46,919 Speaker 1: about amputation anyway, right. Um. And again, a lot of 422 00:25:46,960 --> 00:25:51,880 Speaker 1: this is what's called a perfume, reperfusion and injury. So 423 00:25:52,760 --> 00:25:56,240 Speaker 1: when this immune response or this inflammation response comes and 424 00:25:56,280 --> 00:25:58,560 Speaker 1: puffs up your your foot or your hand or whatever 425 00:25:58,600 --> 00:26:00,960 Speaker 1: it has been frost bitten. Um, if you're out in 426 00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:04,359 Speaker 1: the field, you would be very smart to have ala 427 00:26:04,480 --> 00:26:07,960 Speaker 1: very gel on you because it actually prevents what are 428 00:26:08,000 --> 00:26:12,359 Speaker 1: called um prost glandens from entering the site. And they're 429 00:26:13,000 --> 00:26:15,760 Speaker 1: part of the inflammatory response. So the more you can 430 00:26:15,840 --> 00:26:19,760 Speaker 1: keep your your frost bitten hand or foot from being inflamed, 431 00:26:20,000 --> 00:26:22,920 Speaker 1: the better off You're gonna be another thing that you're 432 00:26:22,960 --> 00:26:25,560 Speaker 1: not supposed to do. H And it says here, the 433 00:26:25,600 --> 00:26:27,879 Speaker 1: thing that you've seen in movies where you clap your 434 00:26:27,880 --> 00:26:31,760 Speaker 1: frozen hands together, I've never seen in my life. What 435 00:26:31,920 --> 00:26:34,919 Speaker 1: is that? I don't know, I don't know what that is. 436 00:26:35,040 --> 00:26:36,720 Speaker 1: That was like the Karate Kid, I think is the 437 00:26:36,760 --> 00:26:40,960 Speaker 1: movie that maybe, but it also says here, don't walk 438 00:26:40,960 --> 00:26:43,919 Speaker 1: on your frozen feet, and um, that sounds counter to 439 00:26:43,960 --> 00:26:45,400 Speaker 1: what we were saying. I think what we were talking 440 00:26:45,400 --> 00:26:48,280 Speaker 1: about earlier is if like the only way out of 441 00:26:48,280 --> 00:26:51,760 Speaker 1: the woods is you to save your life. Yeah, yeah, 442 00:26:51,920 --> 00:26:54,800 Speaker 1: but if you've got you know, like rescue people, oh yeah, 443 00:26:54,880 --> 00:26:57,080 Speaker 1: don't walk. Yeah yeah. If you've got people that will 444 00:26:57,080 --> 00:26:59,800 Speaker 1: carry you down a mountain, go with that exactly. I 445 00:26:59,840 --> 00:27:02,399 Speaker 1: think what this guy was saying was, if you are 446 00:27:02,600 --> 00:27:05,119 Speaker 1: up on the mountain and yeah, the person needs to 447 00:27:05,160 --> 00:27:09,760 Speaker 1: walk down, you probably shouldn't start the thawing process because, 448 00:27:09,960 --> 00:27:11,560 Speaker 1: got you, they're not going to be able to walk 449 00:27:11,600 --> 00:27:15,399 Speaker 1: after their feet or thought, because we're gonna balloon up, gotcha. 450 00:27:15,760 --> 00:27:18,200 Speaker 1: All right, Well let's take another break and we'll talk 451 00:27:18,200 --> 00:27:47,399 Speaker 1: a little bit about prevention right after this. All right, 452 00:27:47,480 --> 00:27:50,440 Speaker 1: stay out of the cold the end. That's the prevention. 453 00:27:51,000 --> 00:27:54,320 Speaker 1: It literally says that in our own article. Um, that's 454 00:27:54,359 --> 00:27:58,800 Speaker 1: obviously the common sense thing to tell people. But uh, 455 00:27:59,280 --> 00:28:05,080 Speaker 1: if you were a hot is an outdoor cold weather hobbyists, 456 00:28:05,440 --> 00:28:07,520 Speaker 1: if you're gonna be out there, or if you're a 457 00:28:07,560 --> 00:28:09,880 Speaker 1: reindeer herder, well also saying you might have a job 458 00:28:09,920 --> 00:28:15,199 Speaker 1: too though you're a mail carrier or roadworks, reindeer herder, 459 00:28:16,280 --> 00:28:21,240 Speaker 1: reindeer herder, farm oil. The oil industry has a lot 460 00:28:21,280 --> 00:28:25,000 Speaker 1: of frostbite. Uh sure I could see that. Um. So 461 00:28:25,040 --> 00:28:27,040 Speaker 1: there's a lot of industries obviously where you're forced to 462 00:28:27,040 --> 00:28:29,200 Speaker 1: be out there and hopefully you're being taken care of 463 00:28:29,840 --> 00:28:32,920 Speaker 1: uh through the company work for but you should also 464 00:28:33,080 --> 00:28:38,840 Speaker 1: take care of yourself by layering, like we talked about. Um, 465 00:28:39,160 --> 00:28:42,640 Speaker 1: use that thermal underwear on the bottom and then layer 466 00:28:42,680 --> 00:28:44,280 Speaker 1: on top of that. Yeah, and you want to you 467 00:28:44,320 --> 00:28:49,000 Speaker 1: want to wear something that, um that is tight, well, 468 00:28:49,080 --> 00:28:53,120 Speaker 1: not necessarily tight, it's it's fitting, but not compression. I 469 00:28:53,160 --> 00:28:56,600 Speaker 1: saw specifically several places do not wear compression clothing and 470 00:28:56,640 --> 00:29:00,520 Speaker 1: cold water, cold weather situations, all right, Um, and you 471 00:29:00,600 --> 00:29:03,160 Speaker 1: want stuff that's not going to make you sweat or 472 00:29:03,360 --> 00:29:06,440 Speaker 1: is going to trap sweat. You want stuff that's gonna breathe, 473 00:29:06,640 --> 00:29:09,520 Speaker 1: because if you sweat and it traps the sweat, that's 474 00:29:09,520 --> 00:29:14,360 Speaker 1: gonna your clothes are gonna freeze your body. So comfortable wicking. Yes, 475 00:29:14,840 --> 00:29:21,480 Speaker 1: clothing layered upon layer upon layer, preferably with modal it's 476 00:29:21,560 --> 00:29:26,520 Speaker 1: very soft. Um. What else you can keep your your 477 00:29:26,720 --> 00:29:33,000 Speaker 1: body in shape. Um, Diabetes and other circulatory diseases, thyroid conditions, 478 00:29:33,360 --> 00:29:36,920 Speaker 1: they can all lend themselves to be more apt to 479 00:29:36,960 --> 00:29:40,160 Speaker 1: get frostbite. Yeah, and um, a common myth I thought 480 00:29:40,200 --> 00:29:42,520 Speaker 1: this was the case too. But a common myth is 481 00:29:42,560 --> 00:29:45,520 Speaker 1: that if you're overweight, if you have layers of fat, 482 00:29:46,000 --> 00:29:48,720 Speaker 1: it will protect you on the cold. And actually not true. No, 483 00:29:48,920 --> 00:29:52,400 Speaker 1: it's not true. Supposedly, um, layers of fat tend to 484 00:29:52,440 --> 00:29:55,880 Speaker 1: deaden your nerve endings, which would tell your body to 485 00:29:55,960 --> 00:29:59,760 Speaker 1: like get some blood going. And if they're deadened, then 486 00:30:00,000 --> 00:30:02,160 Speaker 1: are not going to be doing that. One thing you 487 00:30:02,160 --> 00:30:03,640 Speaker 1: should do, though, right is if you have a little 488 00:30:03,640 --> 00:30:06,320 Speaker 1: whiskey and a cigarette, Just nip on that and smoke 489 00:30:06,360 --> 00:30:07,840 Speaker 1: a cigarette and that will warm you right up right. 490 00:30:09,040 --> 00:30:11,080 Speaker 1: It's not true. Maybe if you know for a fact 491 00:30:11,080 --> 00:30:12,920 Speaker 1: that no one's coming for you might as well have 492 00:30:12,960 --> 00:30:16,120 Speaker 1: a last drink and the last smoke. But if you're 493 00:30:16,120 --> 00:30:19,000 Speaker 1: trying to warm yourself, no, those are that's the opposite 494 00:30:19,000 --> 00:30:21,480 Speaker 1: of what you want to do. Yeah, it's um. I 495 00:30:21,520 --> 00:30:25,120 Speaker 1: think we did another show on avalanches. Maybe that was 496 00:30:25,240 --> 00:30:29,080 Speaker 1: right A long time ago. Yeah, because I remember the 497 00:30:29,240 --> 00:30:32,800 Speaker 1: drinking alcohol it gives you, Um, it's so, and it 498 00:30:32,880 --> 00:30:37,560 Speaker 1: also talks about other illegal drugs. Um but booze is 499 00:30:37,640 --> 00:30:40,080 Speaker 1: a sort of a double edged not double edged sword, 500 00:30:40,200 --> 00:30:46,600 Speaker 1: the double hammer hammer. It's a two headed hammer because 501 00:30:46,720 --> 00:30:51,240 Speaker 1: it makes you feel warmer, but you're actually getting colder. 502 00:30:51,880 --> 00:30:55,320 Speaker 1: And it's it's also going to affect your you know, 503 00:30:55,680 --> 00:31:00,400 Speaker 1: and judgment. Yeah, yeah, you might stop walk can around. 504 00:31:00,400 --> 00:31:03,280 Speaker 1: You might be like, oh, it doesn't matter, yeah, stupid mountain. 505 00:31:03,320 --> 00:31:05,320 Speaker 1: I'm just gonna sit down. This is what this vodka 506 00:31:05,440 --> 00:31:08,560 Speaker 1: is warming me up? Yeah. And the reason why did 507 00:31:08,600 --> 00:31:11,080 Speaker 1: you say? Because it carries the blood to your skin 508 00:31:11,200 --> 00:31:13,840 Speaker 1: for a second, so it makes you feel flushed. But 509 00:31:13,960 --> 00:31:17,480 Speaker 1: when it's doing that, it's carrying away from your core. 510 00:31:18,080 --> 00:31:20,880 Speaker 1: So it's a really bad move in a very cold 511 00:31:20,880 --> 00:31:25,360 Speaker 1: weather situation to drink bad And the same with smokes. Uh. 512 00:31:25,480 --> 00:31:29,080 Speaker 1: Cigarette does not warm you up in any way. And 513 00:31:29,200 --> 00:31:32,440 Speaker 1: Yale University said that the smokers have a greater risk 514 00:31:32,480 --> 00:31:36,120 Speaker 1: for frostbite because nicotine just slows everything down and it's 515 00:31:36,120 --> 00:31:39,680 Speaker 1: even gonna make your blood pump slower and make it 516 00:31:39,720 --> 00:31:43,040 Speaker 1: harder to get your digits and your wee wei. Yeah, 517 00:31:43,160 --> 00:31:45,840 Speaker 1: so chuck, I feel like we uh, we probably saved 518 00:31:45,840 --> 00:31:49,600 Speaker 1: some lives here today, I got another little thing. I 519 00:31:49,640 --> 00:31:53,680 Speaker 1: found an infographic that was cute that had a couple 520 00:31:53,760 --> 00:31:55,720 Speaker 1: of things that I didn't know. And this isn't frost 521 00:31:55,720 --> 00:31:58,960 Speaker 1: bite necessarily, but I just thought it was interesting. Uh, 522 00:31:59,040 --> 00:32:02,040 Speaker 1: do you know why your nose runs when it's cold? No, 523 00:32:03,560 --> 00:32:05,560 Speaker 1: in trying to warm up cold air on the way 524 00:32:05,560 --> 00:32:09,120 Speaker 1: to the lungs. Extra blood flow within the nostrils leads 525 00:32:09,160 --> 00:32:15,200 Speaker 1: to more mucus. Oh, that's cute. Eyeballs don't freeze. I 526 00:32:15,240 --> 00:32:18,800 Speaker 1: didn't know that, thankfully, But but your context can free 527 00:32:18,800 --> 00:32:23,040 Speaker 1: see your eyeballs though. Oh yeah, and think about that. 528 00:32:23,280 --> 00:32:26,720 Speaker 1: But your eyeballs don't freeze because they're inside the head. Uh. 529 00:32:26,720 --> 00:32:29,760 Speaker 1: And your head is not one of your extremities, Like, 530 00:32:29,920 --> 00:32:32,200 Speaker 1: that's part of the core they wanted. Your body wants 531 00:32:32,200 --> 00:32:36,240 Speaker 1: to keep your head and warm, um and what else. 532 00:32:36,320 --> 00:32:39,640 Speaker 1: Ears are great risk because there are no muscles in 533 00:32:39,680 --> 00:32:43,920 Speaker 1: the ear to produce heat, no major muscles. And finally, 534 00:32:43,920 --> 00:32:46,800 Speaker 1: your cheeks are gonna turn red because again those surface 535 00:32:46,800 --> 00:32:50,360 Speaker 1: blood vessels dilate when it falls below ten degrease celsius. 536 00:32:50,680 --> 00:32:53,720 Speaker 1: I saw that your buttocks are actually at risk as well, 537 00:32:54,440 --> 00:32:58,440 Speaker 1: especially if you're like watching a football game on aluminum 538 00:32:58,440 --> 00:33:02,400 Speaker 1: bleachers or something like that. Oh yeah, because it's that 539 00:33:02,560 --> 00:33:05,760 Speaker 1: material is going to wick the heat right out of 540 00:33:05,800 --> 00:33:10,080 Speaker 1: your butt. Yeah, right out of your tuckas yep. Yeah, 541 00:33:10,200 --> 00:33:14,800 Speaker 1: so that's frost bite. To stay indoors, drink some hot chocolate. Yeah, 542 00:33:14,840 --> 00:33:17,240 Speaker 1: watch that Brown's game on your big wide screen, and 543 00:33:17,360 --> 00:33:20,080 Speaker 1: drink a hot toddy. There you go. Emily had a 544 00:33:20,080 --> 00:33:23,720 Speaker 1: toddy last night because she's sick. Oh yeah, it was work. Yeah. 545 00:33:23,760 --> 00:33:27,200 Speaker 1: Her big push now is on natural remedies, and so 546 00:33:27,280 --> 00:33:29,920 Speaker 1: she looked up like a good old fashioned toddy recipe. 547 00:33:30,440 --> 00:33:33,280 Speaker 1: Does she like it? She loved it. They're really great 548 00:33:33,280 --> 00:33:38,240 Speaker 1: when you're sick. Yeah, I imagine takes the edge off. 549 00:33:38,280 --> 00:33:42,120 Speaker 1: She had a little ginger water to hers and um, 550 00:33:42,160 --> 00:33:45,920 Speaker 1: it was nice and spicy, hot and warm to the touch. 551 00:33:47,120 --> 00:33:49,480 Speaker 1: So let's hope she stays sick for a while. Well, 552 00:33:49,600 --> 00:33:51,720 Speaker 1: feel better at Molly's not gonna enjoy those as well? 553 00:33:51,800 --> 00:33:54,760 Speaker 1: Are you one for you? One for me? Actually, I 554 00:33:54,800 --> 00:33:57,440 Speaker 1: just had a bourbon. I know, you don't have to 555 00:33:57,440 --> 00:33:59,640 Speaker 1: be sick out of the hot toddy. They do help 556 00:33:59,640 --> 00:34:03,040 Speaker 1: when you are the Yeah. Uh. If you want to 557 00:34:03,040 --> 00:34:05,080 Speaker 1: know more about frost bite, you can type that word 558 00:34:05,120 --> 00:34:07,720 Speaker 1: in the search bar at how stuff Works dot com. 559 00:34:07,720 --> 00:34:13,680 Speaker 1: Since I said search parts time for listener mail, I'm 560 00:34:13,680 --> 00:34:18,160 Speaker 1: gonna call this Ham Radio, I guess, oh burglar tape. 561 00:34:18,320 --> 00:34:20,320 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, Hey guys, A big fan of the podcast. 562 00:34:20,400 --> 00:34:22,680 Speaker 1: I was excited to share some knowledge from my area 563 00:34:22,680 --> 00:34:25,720 Speaker 1: of expertise in the Ham Radio. You mentioned burglar tape. 564 00:34:26,000 --> 00:34:28,760 Speaker 1: I've worked in the electronic security and fire protection industry 565 00:34:28,960 --> 00:34:32,160 Speaker 1: for sixteen years. You can remember my first exposure to 566 00:34:32,200 --> 00:34:36,920 Speaker 1: burglary tape. Back before motion detectors and acoustic glass brake detectors, 567 00:34:37,280 --> 00:34:40,080 Speaker 1: burglar tape tape was used to trigger an alarm if 568 00:34:40,080 --> 00:34:42,400 Speaker 1: a window was broken. Didn't that what we figured? Or was? 569 00:34:44,000 --> 00:34:46,080 Speaker 1: It is essentially a thin foil tape that was glued 570 00:34:46,120 --> 00:34:48,800 Speaker 1: to a window using a clear liquid glue. The tape 571 00:34:48,880 --> 00:34:51,680 Speaker 1: was applied around the perimeter of the window, directly on 572 00:34:51,680 --> 00:34:54,399 Speaker 1: the glass. The foil tape would then be tied down 573 00:34:54,440 --> 00:34:56,600 Speaker 1: to a two wire circuit at one of the corners 574 00:34:56,600 --> 00:34:59,640 Speaker 1: of the window frame. The foil completed the circuit, so 575 00:34:59,680 --> 00:35:02,080 Speaker 1: if the oil was severed from the window breaking, the 576 00:35:02,120 --> 00:35:05,600 Speaker 1: circuit would open and initiate an alarm. Technology has left 577 00:35:05,600 --> 00:35:09,279 Speaker 1: burglar tape behind. Is there much less invasive means to 578 00:35:09,320 --> 00:35:12,520 Speaker 1: detect a window breaking today, but as far as being 579 00:35:12,520 --> 00:35:15,960 Speaker 1: a ham radio antenna makes perfect sense. Nice. That is 580 00:35:15,960 --> 00:35:20,319 Speaker 1: from Josh Hines. Hey Josh, all right, fellow Josh, where 581 00:35:20,400 --> 00:35:23,520 Speaker 1: you go? Uh? If you want to get in touch 582 00:35:23,560 --> 00:35:26,520 Speaker 1: with us like Josh did, you can tweet to us 583 00:35:26,560 --> 00:35:30,480 Speaker 1: at Josh um Clark or at s Y s K podcast. 584 00:35:30,880 --> 00:35:33,080 Speaker 1: You can hang out with Chuck at Charles W. Chuck 585 00:35:33,200 --> 00:35:36,880 Speaker 1: Bryant on Facebook and at Facebook dot com, slash Stuff 586 00:35:36,920 --> 00:35:39,440 Speaker 1: you Should Know, send us an email to Stuff podcast 587 00:35:39,480 --> 00:35:41,960 Speaker 1: at how stuff Works dot com and has always joined 588 00:35:42,000 --> 00:35:44,319 Speaker 1: us at our home on the web, Stuff you Should 589 00:35:44,320 --> 00:35:52,920 Speaker 1: Know dot com. For more on this and thousands of 590 00:35:52,960 --> 00:36:04,000 Speaker 1: other topics, is it how stuff Works dot com