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Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera.

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Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you should Know?

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Speaker 1: From House Stuff Works dot Com? Hey, and welcome to

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Speaker 1: the podcast. I'm Josh Clark and there's Charles W. Chuck

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Speaker 1: Bryant and that makes this stuff you shouldn't know? So

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Speaker 1: did you hear Snoop Dogg's son got a football scholarship

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Speaker 1: to I think you see? Yeah? So did h P. Diddes?

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Speaker 1: No way? Yeah? And actually Sean Combs was the first

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Speaker 1: to happen. It was about a month ago, and a

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Speaker 1: lot of people got upset because they were like, we

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Speaker 1: shouldn't you know, be paying for this millionaire multimillionaire son

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Speaker 1: to go to college. I should, But it was all explained.

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Speaker 1: The sports guys came out and really defended and said,

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Speaker 1: it's not you paying for it. It's athletic scholarships that

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Speaker 1: are earned by athletes. And it's as well probably, but

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Speaker 1: it was like, basically, it's not like some kid is

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Speaker 1: missing out on an education because p DDI's son earned

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Speaker 1: a football scholarship, he should be treated the same and

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Speaker 1: so should Snoop Dogg. Sign Where was there an outcry

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Speaker 1: about Snoop Dogg sign. Uh, not as much because he's

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Speaker 1: the g you see. No one likes Puffy going on.

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Speaker 1: I don't understand. He seems like a nice enough guy. Uh,

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Speaker 1: here's friends with Biggie Smalls. I was in his house once.

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Speaker 1: Di'd ever tell you that I had to. I was

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Speaker 1: working on a music video with him and I had

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Speaker 1: to deliver as a p a something to his home

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Speaker 1: in Beverly Hills. And I went to the door and

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Speaker 1: I rang the doorbell and some really large guy in

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Speaker 1: a warm up suit and like a kangol hat invited

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Speaker 1: me in and took my thing and then escorted me out.

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Speaker 1: So I was like in the little fourier and it

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Speaker 1: was like lots of white marble, and I mean it

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Speaker 1: looked it could have been like the King of France

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Speaker 1: living there as far as I know. Yeah, there's like

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Speaker 1: a fountain of rock. It was really like pretty plush.

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Speaker 1: Of course, you know he's rich. But I took your thing.

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Speaker 1: Is that legal? Are you talking about everything above the boards? Oh? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it was. It was like a video cassettes for the

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Speaker 1: shoot or something like that. I wouldn't be delivering anything illegal. Well,

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Speaker 1: I didn't know if he did something illegal to you

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Speaker 1: by taking your things. You put it. It was all

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Speaker 1: on the up. Good go and Chuck anyway, I haven't

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Speaker 1: been to Snoop's house yet, although I did see him

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Speaker 1: one night in Atlanta. You did, Yeah, I can't tell

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Speaker 1: that story though. He let's hear a part time, doesn't he?

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Speaker 1: I'm used to, I believe. I'm not sure what a

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Speaker 1: weird start for the show. Yeah, it is a little weird,

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Speaker 1: especially since we're talking about space elevators. Has nothing to

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Speaker 1: do with it. This is not like we're talking about

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Speaker 1: like p Funk or George Clinton or something like that,

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Speaker 1: or even Bill Clinton. Although I bet George Clinton could

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Speaker 1: build a space elevator in his mind. You know he

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Speaker 1: has many times. Chuck. Um, Well, I've got I've got something.

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Speaker 1: I have an actual Yeah, it seems kind of stupid, now,

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Speaker 1: let's hear it. Uh well, okay, um five seven am.

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Speaker 1: On July twenty one, two thousand eleven. About a year ago,

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Speaker 1: something big ended, something that really helped with our childhood,

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Speaker 1: like really was an icon of our childhood. I'm not

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Speaker 1: even gonna let you guess. The Space Shuttle. Of course,

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Speaker 1: the program ended. It started in one and it went

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Speaker 1: all the way to two thousand eleven, thirty great years

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Speaker 1: yeah um and uh more missions um. And actually, there's

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Speaker 1: this awesome thing on Gizmoto. It's you can watch all

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Speaker 1: of the Space Shuttle launches at once. It's just like

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Speaker 1: a hundred and thirty five little tiles on the screen

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Speaker 1: and it's like, you know, starting from countdown to lift

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Speaker 1: off and like it's got everything. Well, they probably don't

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Speaker 1: have the one ill fated attempt. There were two accidents,

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Speaker 1: one of yeah, it's there, I think I found it,

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Speaker 1: and it just goes dark at about the time the

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Speaker 1: Challenger UM exploded. Yeah. Um, but it was this was

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Speaker 1: a huge deal for our childhood. But it was also

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Speaker 1: you know a huge deal for the space program because

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Speaker 1: when they launched the first shuttle, I think it was Columbia. Um,

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Speaker 1: it was the first time that anyone had ever shot

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Speaker 1: a spacecraft into space and then brought it back intact.

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Speaker 1: Reusable is huge. Yeah, we're not talking like a capsule

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Speaker 1: where like Larry Hagman comes down and splashes into the

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Speaker 1: sea and then gets out, because those capsules weren't reused.

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Speaker 1: This was like we have an appropriately named space shuttle

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Speaker 1: there and back. Basically exactly. It even looked like a plane.

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Speaker 1: So it was a big deal when this happened and

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Speaker 1: it proved like, okay, we can go to space and

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Speaker 1: back using the same equipment. It brought costs down tremendously. Sure,

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Speaker 1: they're still pretty high. Um. And then the Space Shuttle

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Speaker 1: program ends and everybody's like, how are we going to

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Speaker 1: get to space and back? Now, Obama, did you think

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Speaker 1: that's through? And uh, Obama didn't say it, but I'll

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Speaker 1: be was thinking when he was kind of skulking away

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Speaker 1: after being shouted at for basically closing NASA. Not true. Um,

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Speaker 1: he probably thought, have you ever heard of the space elevator? Dummy?

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Speaker 1: You should say that. Yeah. Uh, that's what we're gonna

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Speaker 1: talk about. Josh, and I thought this was a thrilling article.

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Speaker 1: You thought the article itself was thrilling. No, no, no,

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Speaker 1: the concept of the space elevator, well it is. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: the article self was a little it was a little

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Speaker 1: two thousand five. It's all outdated, but it's pretty cool. Um.

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Speaker 1: So you mentioned the Space Shuttle, even though the Space

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Speaker 1: Shuttle took place over the span of what do you say,

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Speaker 1: thirty years? Yeah, anyone to two thousand eleven. The price

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Speaker 1: of getting the thing going didn't change a whole lot,

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Speaker 1: which was pretty remarkable. Yeah, it stayed about ten dollars

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Speaker 1: per pound. Right. And they originally predicted when they were

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Speaker 1: working on the shuttle program before it started, that it

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Speaker 1: was gonna be about fifty million a mission. Yeah. It

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Speaker 1: came to about five million a mission. And every mission

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Speaker 1: they spent half a billion dollars on the shuttle the

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Speaker 1: Shuttle mission. Um. And uh, that ten dollars per pound

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Speaker 1: of that is fuel? Yeah? Is that the per pound

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Speaker 1: of everything on there? Yeah? I think it's just like

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Speaker 1: that kind of equation. So a lighter astronaut would be cheaper.

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Speaker 1: It's really symbolic, I think, yeah. And no, I think

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Speaker 1: it's more like like if you if you take the

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Speaker 1: full weight of this this, yeah, and divided by the

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Speaker 1: money spent. Yes, I get it. So in theory, a

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Speaker 1: lighter astronaut would make it cheaper, but not really not really, um,

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Speaker 1: because I think they had those astronauts like way down

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Speaker 1: to the Graham exactly what they wanted in a way,

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Speaker 1: like they would probably be like, you need to excrete

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Speaker 1: because you're about to suit up, go excrete. You need

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Speaker 1: to p six ounces, right, now i'd be a great

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Speaker 1: astronaut then, because I can be on command? Can you

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Speaker 1: really almost always? Okay, So I've had something for you

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Speaker 1: about six ounces? Um there, have you seen the little

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Speaker 1: diagram of a solo cup? You know the lines on

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Speaker 1: a solo cup. Yes, their measurements. The bottom one is

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Speaker 1: an ounce, the top one so like liquor. Yeah, the

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Speaker 1: the middle one five ounces for wine. And then I'm

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Speaker 1: not kidding that the lowest top band is that's that's

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Speaker 1: twelve ounces for beer. I never knew that that's ingenious.

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Speaker 1: It is. I love little tidbits like that, Like the

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Speaker 1: amount of matches in a matchbook is equal to the

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Speaker 1: amount of cigarettes in a pack. I didn't know that.

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Speaker 1: It makes sense. We should just talk about those things

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Speaker 1: all day instead of space all vators. No, let's talk

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Speaker 1: about space elevator. All right, let's talk about it, um quickly,

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Speaker 1: a space elevator, and we'll we'll get into the specifics here,

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Speaker 1: but what it basically is, it's a ribbon, a carbon

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Speaker 1: nano tube composite ribbon anchored to a plat form offshore

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Speaker 1: way out in the Pacific Ocean, and it's has a

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Speaker 1: counterweight way up in space and they basically would that

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Speaker 1: would be the elevator shaft, and they would send stuff

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Speaker 1: crawling up and down this ribbon. Uh two outer space. Yes,

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Speaker 1: have you ever seen somebody like a piano mover lift

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Speaker 1: the piano through a second story apartment that exceptance space? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's pretty much it. I don't like the comparison to

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Speaker 1: the game of tether ball here. I thought it was

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Speaker 1: a terrible, terrible analogy, So let's just skip it because

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Speaker 1: it didn't make much sense to me. Yeah, I think you.

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Speaker 1: I think you said it like, basically, we're connecting a

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Speaker 1: line between a platform in the ocean and the satellite

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Speaker 1: up in space, and we're putting something on it that

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Speaker 1: can go up and down. Yeah, and the whole thing

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Speaker 1: of we should just stop right there. The cool thing

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Speaker 1: about this is to me is that every single part

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Speaker 1: of this is feasible right now to do except for

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Speaker 1: the one thing that they need to do it, which

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Speaker 1: are the carbon nanotubes that go sixty miles into space. Yes,

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Speaker 1: they're around right, but we can't make them that long yet. Right.

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Speaker 1: There's um that's I think I think that's that's a

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Speaker 1: really good point. Like we all of this is just

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Speaker 1: waiting and I saw a little video that Michio Kaku

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Speaker 1: or cucku Um made about this explaining it, and he

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Speaker 1: was saying, like everything's been surmounted now, like now it's

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Speaker 1: all in the realm of physical possibility. There's just a

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Speaker 1: few more breakthroughs. And it's all carbon nanotubes, which are

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Speaker 1: we've talked about graphine before, right, strongest substance known demand

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Speaker 1: or humankind. That's right. Um, it's one atom thick layer

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Speaker 1: of carbon, incredibly strong. It's like a hundred times stronger

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Speaker 1: than steel at about one fifth of the weight. And

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Speaker 1: a carbon nanotube is a layer of graphine rolled into

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Speaker 1: a tube like it looks like chicken wire, exactly like

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Speaker 1: a soccer ball chicken wire. Yeah, it's like like if

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Speaker 1: you spread out a length of chicken wire and then

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Speaker 1: roll it up nanotube. And we say soccer ball because

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Speaker 1: the shape of the traditional soccer ball, not these crazy

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Speaker 1: ones are used in these days. I don't even recognize

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Speaker 1: it as a soccer ball. Yeah, but the old school

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Speaker 1: soccer ball, that shape is the same, the same shape

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Speaker 1: as as these carbon atoms, which is the key to

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Speaker 1: it it's strength. Um. I've been at I've seen it

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Speaker 1: described as um stiff but flexible like a steel guitar string,

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Speaker 1: So it moves, but it's still super super strong and um.

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Speaker 1: Even though it's just a few atoms across, they are

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Speaker 1: ten million times as long as they are wide. Once

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Speaker 1: you get this thing going, so like a guitar string. Yeah, well,

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Speaker 1: because these are nanotubes, so like they're diameters like a

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Speaker 1: few billionths of a meter I think one, is that right? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: because nano is a billion a billion yes, yeah, but

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Speaker 1: so so it's very thin. Um. That's the point. And

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Speaker 1: ultimately I saw that the sixty two thousand mile cable

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Speaker 1: would be It could be as thin as a piece

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Speaker 1: of seran wrap. Yeah, it would still be strong enough

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Speaker 1: to not snatch under its own weight sixty two miles. Like,

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Speaker 1: there's no quality of material outside of this that wouldn't

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Speaker 1: just snap like a hair, like pulling one of your

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Speaker 1: hairs in half. This one will. But the problem is

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Speaker 1: is you don't make carbon nanotubes. You grow them. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: There's a really cool Nova video too on YouTube where

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Speaker 1: it shows a guy in the lab pulling a uh

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Speaker 1: braided forest of carbon nanotubes and he starts pulling it

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Speaker 1: and you see it all like coalescing together, and he

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Speaker 1: gets like ten ft away and then it finally snaps

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Speaker 1: and then it just it's smaller than a human here.

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Speaker 1: It just like floats away almost. Okay, so that's that's

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Speaker 1: longer than I've I've seen. The record that I saw

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Speaker 1: was four centimeters in length. Yeah, well this was ah,

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Speaker 1: I don't think I think it was stretching. I don't

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Speaker 1: think it was the original. Okay, So they they the

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Speaker 1: carbon nanotubes grow and then after like that's the world

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Speaker 1: record four centimeters, which is like one point six inches, right,

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Speaker 1: that's short, and then it just stopped one of the

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Speaker 1: right exactly. One of the problems with them not being

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Speaker 1: able to figure out why it stops growing is that

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Speaker 1: scientists don't know why it grows in the first place.

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Speaker 1: Like they have no idea. They're just like, oh, this

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Speaker 1: happens when you when you do this, um. And they

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Speaker 1: figured out that there are some things like hydrogen gas

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Speaker 1: in certain amounts makes it grow longer. Um. If you

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Speaker 1: do a little too much hydrogen gas, it won't grow

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Speaker 1: at all. So like there's they're they're figuring this out,

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Speaker 1: but they still are really at a point where they're

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Speaker 1: not they don't understand carbon nanotubes at all. They were

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Speaker 1: only officially discovered in which is a blip in the

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Speaker 1: scientific community. But we're making headway. And like you said,

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Speaker 1: once the carbon nanotube technology is able to be made

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Speaker 1: into things that are maybe several meters long, or they

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Speaker 1: can figure out how to basically wrap it smaller pieces

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Speaker 1: together in like you know, how you insulate wires with

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Speaker 1: plastic something like that, without the the alloy coming away.

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Speaker 1: Then we'll be able to make this space ribbon ribbon

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Speaker 1: for the elevator space ribbon, which essentially is going to

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Speaker 1: be like there. They would braid these things together like

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Speaker 1: a rope, correct, yes, which would still be tiny though. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so it'll either be like you know, several meters in

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Speaker 1: length braided together or really short ones braided together. But

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Speaker 1: either way, they're not just gonna make one continuous sixty

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Speaker 1: two there's sixty two mile strand yeah. The one thing

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Speaker 1: I didn't get though, if it's so small, like it

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Speaker 1: needs to be a certain size to have these lifters

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Speaker 1: attached to it, you know, like it can't be a

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Speaker 1: human hair, right like that? What what could you attach

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Speaker 1: to that they have to gain traction with it? So yeah,

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Speaker 1: there there. It couldn't it couldn't just be as thin

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Speaker 1: as plastic wrap, even though strengthwise it could be. So

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Speaker 1: that's one of the things they're working on, is up.

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Speaker 1: I guess so, because you have to put the lifter

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Speaker 1: on it, like you're saying, so the lifts are all

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Speaker 1: from now on, everything like this all exists. We can

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Speaker 1: make this today, you and I can make it right now, Well,

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Speaker 1: let's get it into space first. What what the idea

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Speaker 1: is that they would spool the sing up once they

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Speaker 1: created it, they would shoot it into space with some

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Speaker 1: kind of spacecraft. Uh. Once it's in space, they would

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Speaker 1: start lowering it back to the Earth um towards the

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Speaker 1: platform out in the middle of the sea. While it's

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Speaker 1: still going out into space, right, they'd start lowering the ribbons. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so it's it's still going in. It's going in two

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Speaker 1: opposite directions. Would be like some kid walking the dog. Yeah. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And eventually it gets lowered and there's a dude standing

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Speaker 1: on a platform saying all right, back it down. Then

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Speaker 1: he would take it and clip it onto a c platform,

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Speaker 1: although it would be much more complicated than I think

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Speaker 1: about that operations. So this platform is going to be

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Speaker 1: like four miles from any shipping or air lanes, which

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Speaker 1: is important in the Equatorial Pacific, and a sixty two

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Speaker 1: thousand mile long strand of rope. Even say you'd say

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Speaker 1: it's it's thick as like a cable, one of the

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Speaker 1: cables holding the Golden gate Bridge. Imagine catching that. I

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Speaker 1: mean it's obviously not, but still like there's somebody piloting

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Speaker 1: machine that and you I don't know how you would

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Speaker 1: move the counterweight around the spool so that how are

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Speaker 1: you going to get the threat? This is the most

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Speaker 1: difficult aspect of the whole program, if you ask me,

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Speaker 1: I think grabbing that that ribbon and connecting it. Although

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Speaker 1: they act like they've got that all figured out. They're like,

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Speaker 1: we had this nanotube that was this long. We're all

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Speaker 1: set to trust. Like they've got a guy out on

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Speaker 1: a platform just sitting around waiting waiting for this thing

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Speaker 1: to come down from space. So they so that guy

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Speaker 1: catches the ribbon, ties it off probably with a pretty

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Speaker 1: decent sailors not um, and then you attach the lifter

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Speaker 1: to it. Right, that's right, Um. The lifter is a

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Speaker 1: robotic thing, and basically it's it's sort of like a

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Speaker 1: train track. It uses these traction shread rollers. Uh, and

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Speaker 1: it would clamp onto this ribbon and through something a

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Speaker 1: little more advanced than a gasoline engine. I think, what

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Speaker 1: are they using a free electron laser to create the

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Speaker 1: energy to do this? Basically, what they're doing is they're

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Speaker 1: gonna put solar panels but made of stuff that really

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Speaker 1: absorbs light from a laser right on the bottom or

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Speaker 1: on the top, probably on both sides, and then they're

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Speaker 1: just gonna shoot lasers up and down the ribbon and

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Speaker 1: then that laser just powers It's basically like directing sunlight

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Speaker 1: onto full of photovoltaic cells and then converting that to electricity.

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Speaker 1: Then it's just plain old mechanical energy. It's like a

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Speaker 1: little motor that would crawl at a hundred and eighteen

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Speaker 1: miles an hour. Mind you, it's exactly a crawl. It

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Speaker 1: would shoot up this ribbon into space to the final destination,

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Speaker 1: which would be anything. I think that first they talked

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Speaker 1: about capturing an asteroid to serve as the which is

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Speaker 1: just is the counterweight to um What I think is

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Speaker 1: smart which would potentially be a satellite or the spacecraft

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Speaker 1: that brought it out there. To begin with. Yeah, just

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Speaker 1: unfolding or reconfiguring or whatever, and of a sudden bam,

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Speaker 1: there's your counterweight. There's the other end of the string,

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Speaker 1: right dude, that's it. I mean, after they get this going,

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Speaker 1: they're saying it can basically be a constant operational elevator

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Speaker 1: to the sky, lifting as much as thirteen tons of

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Speaker 1: payload at a time in some cases humans maybe eventually. Yeah, crazy,

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Speaker 1: And I guess the whole point now would be to

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Speaker 1: just shuttle stuff to say this. The International Space Station

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Speaker 1: UM supplies that kind of thing, gruel food UM, or

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Speaker 1: if you had some sort of asteroid mining operation, you

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Speaker 1: could take your daily hall to the space elevator to

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Speaker 1: be brought down. The point is this thing could be

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Speaker 1: used for trips to UM lower Earth orbit every day,

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Speaker 1: several times a day, because I think lower Earth orbit

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Speaker 1: is UM between five and fifteen hundred miles, so that's

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Speaker 1: like UM four to twelve hours trip based. And they're

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Speaker 1: talking about going further than that though, right. But lower

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Speaker 1: Earth orbit is where like all of the all that's

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Speaker 1: where all the action is generally UM. The problem is

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Speaker 1: is that's also where all the space debris is. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and I think I don't think we mentioned what the

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Speaker 1: best part about all this is is that it would

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Speaker 1: cost about the closest sestem I've seen is about two

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Speaker 1: d a pound to deliver stuff to outer space, and

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Speaker 1: what was the Space Shuttle costs a pound? So that's

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Speaker 1: why they're pursuing this is because it's much much more affordable.

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Speaker 1: They likened it to the Transcontinental Railroad back in the day,

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Speaker 1: linking space to Earth. Yeah, okay, so the problems Josh

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Speaker 1: avoiding um junk flying around in space, Like it would

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Speaker 1: suck if you got this thing all looked up and

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Speaker 1: some asteroid came flying out of nowhere and snapped this

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Speaker 1: thing and half well, not just asteroids, Apparently space debris

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Speaker 1: UM largely refers to junk man made jump and lower

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Speaker 1: Earth's orbit is a lousy with it. Um. One, there's

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Speaker 1: a satellite, an old out of use satellite, collided with

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Speaker 1: a new in use satellite recently and blew it up,

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Speaker 1: and all of a sudden, two pieces became four thousand pieces.

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Speaker 1: And that's and nothing. That's a drop in the bucket.

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Speaker 1: It is so um. The problem is is like even

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Speaker 1: the small like one centimeter diameter piece is a threat

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Speaker 1: to the space elevator. Um so right now, nora D

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Speaker 1: tracks things as small as ten centimeters. Did you know that?

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Speaker 1: I didn't once I read this, but I was pretty

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Speaker 1: I was pretty shocked. But they're gonna have to start

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Speaker 1: tracking stuff down to one centimeter. So this is another

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Speaker 1: kind of challenge that I don't think people talk about,

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Speaker 1: is tracking space debris. Or they're also proposing that we

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Speaker 1: just go up there and get rid of it, like

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Speaker 1: pay contractors to go to space and bring these things

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Speaker 1: down and cleanup. That'd be a unique approach, right, Um

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Speaker 1: it's called active avoidance, and UM, it's pretty amazing that

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Speaker 1: you could actually, potentially, because this thing is tethered to

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Speaker 1: a C platform, moved the C platform to dodge these things.

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Speaker 1: But that would mean that there's like some guy whose

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Speaker 1: job it is to like, yeah, joystick it. Yeah, that's crazy.

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Speaker 1: It sounds very far fetched, but it's supposedly not super

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Speaker 1: far fetched. I mean, this company Liftport, they're they're one

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Speaker 1: of the private firms that are have been h I

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Speaker 1: think they partnered with NASA for a while until NASA,

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Speaker 1: you know, they're funding has dried up to a large degree,

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Speaker 1: so they had to scrap things like partnering with Liftport,

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Speaker 1: but um Liftport as of now, I think I read

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Speaker 1: in two thousand eleven they have sort of scrapped or

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Speaker 1: not scrapped, but they put on the back burner the

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Speaker 1: space to Earth version and they're working on a lunar version.

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Speaker 1: Oh yeah, so they want to put one of these

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Speaker 1: on the Moon. Um, which can be done right now. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: if they had the money, that makes sense to me.

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Speaker 1: Um not as much gravity, so they don't need the

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Speaker 1: are Bonano tubes. Yeah, they could use the stuff called zylon.

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Speaker 1: It's a synthetic polymer. And apparently they could like do

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Speaker 1: this within the decade. Like everything's in place, it's just

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Speaker 1: a matter of doing it. So yeah, I thought about

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Speaker 1: having one that goes from the Earth to the Moon,

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Speaker 1: or one that goes from the Earth to Mars or

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Speaker 1: you know, and you just well and then from the

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Speaker 1: Moon tomorrow. You know, you could connect them like station

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Speaker 1: one is here, then you have another one that goes there.

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Speaker 1: And the ideas are going to build a bunch of these, right,

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Speaker 1: that's the idea, because if one goes down because of

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Speaker 1: some space to breathe, hey, no problem, We've got another

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Speaker 1: one that we built. Even cheaper over here in this

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Speaker 1: part of the ocean. So that's the idea. What's awesome

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Speaker 1: is this is I mean, this is far reaching, it

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Speaker 1: sounds futuristic, it's actually pretty smart. Simple idea like where

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Speaker 1: it's gonna build an elevator that goes to space, and

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Speaker 1: it's actually kind of an old idea. There was a

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Speaker 1: Russian UH scientists named Constantine see Yokowski who proposed this

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Speaker 1: in and then, um kind of what I think everybody

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Speaker 1: thought he was a crackpot for a while. They thought

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Speaker 1: da Vinci was too, though, yeah, actually did they No,

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Speaker 1: not da Vinci. They think he was a genius back

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Speaker 1: then too, probably except for his flying machine. I think

398
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Speaker 1: that's incredibility. Um. But then Arthur Arthur C. Clark comes

399
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Speaker 1: along and writes about this in UH Fountains of Paradise,

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Speaker 1: and he was he very clearly saw like the big

401
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Speaker 1: problem was the ribbon. If you could figure out the ribbon,

402
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Speaker 1: everything else would be fine, which is still the problem.

403
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Speaker 1: Arthur C. Clark way ahead of his time, man, So

404
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Speaker 1: that's pretty much it. I mean, if they get this

405
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Speaker 1: lunar and we're going there, they're talking about deep space

406
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Speaker 1: exploration from a lunar based system, which you know, the

407
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Speaker 1: benefit there is is it cost a lot of money

408
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Speaker 1: to get from here to the moon. If you could

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Speaker 1: shuttle a the components of a rocket up to the

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Speaker 1: moon and just get it going up there and be

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Speaker 1: a lot cheaper, right. We talked about that with asteroid

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Speaker 1: minding that that was another idea is you could launch

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Speaker 1: things from these asteroids or whatever because the a vast

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Speaker 1: majority remember the weight of his space shuttles in the fuel,

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Speaker 1: almost all of that is just used within the first

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Speaker 1: like ten miles. Then after that you start to escape

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Speaker 1: births orbit and exactly. So, um, yeah, if you could,

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Speaker 1: if you could get rid of all that, like you

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Speaker 1: just dropped the cost tremendously. Stuff base, I know. I mean,

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Speaker 1: I'm curious to see within a decade if we're going

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Speaker 1: to have a space elevator from the Moon to something else.

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Speaker 1: We will be riding one, you think, so, yeah, well

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Speaker 1: it all depends on funding. That's like, these ideas are

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Speaker 1: all great in practice unless you have billions of dollars

425
00:24:50,160 --> 00:24:53,440
Speaker 1: to get it. But think about Jeff Bezos has billions

426
00:24:53,440 --> 00:24:58,720
Speaker 1: of dollars, um can mus Kirt Cameron. That's the James

427
00:24:58,800 --> 00:25:02,520
Speaker 1: Cameron elon musk. These guys have cash too, and this

428
00:25:02,600 --> 00:25:05,240
Speaker 1: is what they're putting their money into, this kind of thing.

429
00:25:05,320 --> 00:25:07,639
Speaker 1: So I don't think it's gonna come down and NASA funding.

430
00:25:07,680 --> 00:25:09,480
Speaker 1: I think it's gonna come down to the will of

431
00:25:09,520 --> 00:25:13,439
Speaker 1: guys like Kirk Cameron. Well, Kirk Cameron does not have

432
00:25:13,480 --> 00:25:16,440
Speaker 1: billions of dollars, but he does have a fine collection

433
00:25:16,480 --> 00:25:21,000
Speaker 1: of faith based movies. Yeah, directive video anna that you

434
00:25:21,000 --> 00:25:24,080
Speaker 1: can check out, but not the dirty kind of directive video. No, no, no, no,

435
00:25:26,119 --> 00:25:28,880
Speaker 1: I guess it's about it, right, it's pretty much I'm

436
00:25:28,880 --> 00:25:33,760
Speaker 1: looking forward to it. Yeah, private space exploration is definitely

437
00:25:33,800 --> 00:25:36,080
Speaker 1: the way of the future. We should put in a

438
00:25:36,119 --> 00:25:39,119
Speaker 1: request for this article to be updated, but I'm a

439
00:25:39,200 --> 00:25:41,440
Speaker 1: free to think they'll be like, have at it. Yeah,

440
00:25:41,720 --> 00:25:43,880
Speaker 1: I'm afraid to do that. Dude. Well, if you want

441
00:25:43,920 --> 00:25:46,640
Speaker 1: to read a hilariously out of date article on how

442
00:25:46,680 --> 00:25:49,359
Speaker 1: Stuff Works that still captures what's going on with the

443
00:25:49,400 --> 00:25:53,560
Speaker 1: space elevator um and with some cool artists rendering of stuff,

444
00:25:53,600 --> 00:25:56,000
Speaker 1: you can type in space elevator that's at the handy

445
00:25:56,040 --> 00:25:59,000
Speaker 1: search bar and a great little website called how stuff

446
00:25:59,000 --> 00:26:01,360
Speaker 1: Works dot com. And I said search bar, which means

447
00:26:01,400 --> 00:26:07,720
Speaker 1: it's time now for a listener mail Josh, I'm gonna

448
00:26:07,760 --> 00:26:10,480
Speaker 1: call this dead Sea follow up UM, and I should

449
00:26:10,480 --> 00:26:13,800
Speaker 1: mention We got a lot of emails from Dead Sea

450
00:26:13,880 --> 00:26:17,760
Speaker 1: visitors and tourists and a lot of photos and one

451
00:26:17,760 --> 00:26:20,000
Speaker 1: thing we did not cover because I haven't been there

452
00:26:20,000 --> 00:26:22,880
Speaker 1: and experience this, but we said, swim in the dead

453
00:26:22,880 --> 00:26:24,879
Speaker 1: sea A lot. Ain't a lot of swimming going on

454
00:26:25,000 --> 00:26:28,080
Speaker 1: in the dead Sea. There's floating. There's a lot of

455
00:26:28,119 --> 00:26:32,360
Speaker 1: floating and flailing because they just say it's really disorienting

456
00:26:32,920 --> 00:26:35,159
Speaker 1: because you're so used to the way you move in

457
00:26:35,200 --> 00:26:38,239
Speaker 1: water and all of a sudden that's totally different. So

458
00:26:38,320 --> 00:26:42,719
Speaker 1: people are like gasping and eventually they'll learn to trust

459
00:26:42,760 --> 00:26:44,920
Speaker 1: and relax and float on their back. You don't want

460
00:26:44,920 --> 00:26:46,520
Speaker 1: to go in your stomach, you don't want to try

461
00:26:46,560 --> 00:26:48,960
Speaker 1: and swim um, and you don't want to get it

462
00:26:49,000 --> 00:26:52,840
Speaker 1: in your face because it will really sting your eyes

463
00:26:53,400 --> 00:26:55,800
Speaker 1: and it tastes really bad. And we had this one

464
00:26:56,240 --> 00:26:59,440
Speaker 1: approach and whose husband was suffering, They advise you not

465
00:26:59,480 --> 00:27:01,960
Speaker 1: to go on with huts are open source. Obviously her

466
00:27:02,000 --> 00:27:06,720
Speaker 1: husband was suffering from a little UM. It's called many

467
00:27:06,760 --> 00:27:08,680
Speaker 1: different things. When you walk a lot and you get

468
00:27:08,680 --> 00:27:13,359
Speaker 1: shaped between their legs. It goes by many different crude names.

469
00:27:13,760 --> 00:27:16,159
Speaker 1: But he had a bad case of this and uh

470
00:27:16,359 --> 00:27:18,560
Speaker 1: didn't tell his family that he was traveling with his

471
00:27:18,600 --> 00:27:21,720
Speaker 1: wife now and he went in the Dead Sea promptly

472
00:27:21,760 --> 00:27:23,919
Speaker 1: got out, and the family was like, where did you

473
00:27:23,960 --> 00:27:25,760
Speaker 1: know the sun in will go? And she was like,

474
00:27:26,560 --> 00:27:30,840
Speaker 1: maybe he's just not into it all right. So this

475
00:27:30,880 --> 00:27:32,720
Speaker 1: is from Daniel, but thanks to everyone else. He wrote

476
00:27:32,720 --> 00:27:35,240
Speaker 1: in just finished the Dead Sea podcast had a couple

477
00:27:35,240 --> 00:27:38,880
Speaker 1: of interesting tidbits. You briefly mentioned the Great Salt Lake

478
00:27:38,960 --> 00:27:42,040
Speaker 1: when talking about the high salinity the Dead Sea. Uh.

479
00:27:42,040 --> 00:27:43,919
Speaker 1: These two lakes actually have quite a bit in common.

480
00:27:44,080 --> 00:27:46,760
Speaker 1: Both lakes are located in the desert region, although the

481
00:27:46,800 --> 00:27:49,840
Speaker 1: elevation is drastically different. Like the Dead Sea, the Great

482
00:27:49,840 --> 00:27:52,480
Speaker 1: Salt Lake here in Utah has a very high salt

483
00:27:52,520 --> 00:27:57,639
Speaker 1: content about making it hard for anything but hello philic

484
00:27:57,800 --> 00:28:01,120
Speaker 1: bacteria and some brine shrimp to grow. Uh. This guy's

485
00:28:01,119 --> 00:28:02,760
Speaker 1: a graduate student. By the way to b y U.

486
00:28:03,760 --> 00:28:06,800
Speaker 1: Both lakes are fed mainly by a smaller freshwater lake

487
00:28:07,040 --> 00:28:10,400
Speaker 1: roughly fifty miles away, the Dead Sea being fed by

488
00:28:10,400 --> 00:28:13,560
Speaker 1: the Uh Sea of Galilee to the north by way

489
00:28:13,600 --> 00:28:15,560
Speaker 1: of the Jordan River. The Great Salt Lake is fed

490
00:28:15,560 --> 00:28:19,119
Speaker 1: by Utah Lake to the south, also by the Jordan

491
00:28:19,240 --> 00:28:23,960
Speaker 1: River coincidence, I'm not sure. In both cases, the water

492
00:28:24,040 --> 00:28:27,320
Speaker 1: leaves the lake only through evaporation. Uh And, like the

493
00:28:27,359 --> 00:28:30,280
Speaker 1: Dead Sea, there are many areas the Great Salt Lake

494
00:28:30,359 --> 00:28:32,560
Speaker 1: that are quite stinky at times, mainly in the muddy

495
00:28:32,560 --> 00:28:36,080
Speaker 1: waters where the level is low. The Great Salt Lake

496
00:28:36,119 --> 00:28:38,520
Speaker 1: is also dense enough for you to float with little

497
00:28:38,520 --> 00:28:41,400
Speaker 1: to no effort. Uh So, if you are not able

498
00:28:41,440 --> 00:28:44,600
Speaker 1: to ever make it over to Europe to visit the

499
00:28:44,640 --> 00:28:48,440
Speaker 1: Dead Sea, let's say the Middle East, wouldn't you Okay,

500
00:28:49,160 --> 00:28:51,800
Speaker 1: you can head on over for a float. And it's

501
00:28:51,880 --> 00:28:54,720
Speaker 1: little American cousin out here in Utah. Keep up the

502
00:28:54,760 --> 00:28:57,680
Speaker 1: good work, guys. I really enjoy the wide variety of

503
00:28:57,760 --> 00:29:02,000
Speaker 1: topics that it's from. Daniel. It was a grad student

504
00:29:02,000 --> 00:29:06,680
Speaker 1: at b YU studying microbiology. So good for you, my friend,

505
00:29:06,960 --> 00:29:11,000
Speaker 1: nice much smarter than I. Yeah, oh yeah, grad student,

506
00:29:11,040 --> 00:29:14,320
Speaker 1: it's all I have to say, English undergrad microbiology grad

507
00:29:14,760 --> 00:29:17,760
Speaker 1: as a well rounded human being with the greed. Um.

508
00:29:17,760 --> 00:29:21,240
Speaker 1: Oh wait, you're the English undergrad. Yeah. I love to

509
00:29:21,240 --> 00:29:23,000
Speaker 1: put the two of you together. You're a well grounded

510
00:29:23,080 --> 00:29:26,480
Speaker 1: human exactly. UM. If you have some ideas of how

511
00:29:26,520 --> 00:29:30,640
Speaker 1: to put me in chuck together to form another superhuman, UM,

512
00:29:30,720 --> 00:29:33,080
Speaker 1: we want to hear him. Also, if you just want

513
00:29:33,120 --> 00:29:35,000
Speaker 1: to say hi, or you have something cool or interesting

514
00:29:35,120 --> 00:29:38,760
Speaker 1: to tell us a great fact we love those I

515
00:29:38,920 --> 00:29:42,200
Speaker 1: love them that you'd like us to tweet or put

516
00:29:42,280 --> 00:29:45,440
Speaker 1: on Facebook. You can send those two via Twitter s

517
00:29:45,560 --> 00:29:48,840
Speaker 1: y SC podcast via Facebook at Facebook dot com slash

518
00:29:48,840 --> 00:29:52,520
Speaker 1: stuff you Should Know, and you can send us an

519
00:29:52,560 --> 00:29:59,680
Speaker 1: email ilextronicmail UM to stuff podcast at Discovery dot com.

520
00:29:59,680 --> 00:30:06,120
Speaker 1: And for more on this and thousands of other topics,

521
00:30:06,280 --> 00:30:15,600
Speaker 1: visit how Stuff Works dot com. M brought to you

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00:30:15,680 --> 00:30:19,040
Speaker 1: by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. It's ready, are

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00:30:19,120 --> 00:30:19,239
Speaker 1: you