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Speaker 1: Hey, everybody, if you've ever stepped on a snail and

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Speaker 1: didn't feel particularly bad about it, then you should probably

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Speaker 1: prepare for that to change. After listening to this episode,

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Speaker 1: it turns out that snails aren't just mucusy. They're a

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Speaker 1: precious member of your garden club too. So go find

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Speaker 1: a snail, share an earbud with them so you can

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Speaker 1: listen to this episode together.

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Speaker 2: Welcome to Stuff you should know, a production of iHeartRadio.

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Speaker 1: Hey, and welcome to the Slowcast. I'm Josh, and there's

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Speaker 1: Chuck and Jerry's here too. We're just inching along, doing

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Speaker 1: things our own way, our own speed, our own time,

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Speaker 1: leaving a trail of mucus behind us as we do.

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Speaker 2: Wow, inch and along point five per second.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, it's like that one guy said life is a highway.

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Speaker 1: I want to write it all night long, covering only

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Speaker 1: an inch.

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Speaker 2: Was that the parenthetical of that title?

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Speaker 1: Yeah? It was. It was you had to read between

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Speaker 1: the lines, Yeah, exactly, what a great song?

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Speaker 2: Or play it backwards? That song you think is great?

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Speaker 1: Yeah, I do. I do. If you take away all

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Speaker 1: the it's actually a great song. It's very upbeaaten enthusiastic

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Speaker 1: and very this is a good song.

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Speaker 2: Who was that?

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Speaker 1: I I don't remember. I think that might have been

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Speaker 1: his only song. Although now I've said that, I'm sure

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Speaker 1: he's a huge sensation in Canada or something, and now

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Speaker 1: everybody's gonna be mad at us.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, that happens a lot.

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Speaker 1: We'll find out. But anyway, whoever you are out there,

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Speaker 1: who made that song? For listening, Breton cap off to you.

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Speaker 1: That's right, Chuck, I picked this one.

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Speaker 2: He's Canadian.

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Speaker 1: I knew it, dude, I knows that always happened. I

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Speaker 1: don't know. I don't know.

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Speaker 2: What's his name, Tom Cochrane.

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Speaker 1: I wanted to say Tom, but I wanted to say

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Speaker 1: Tom brokecall and I was like, I'm not even going

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Speaker 1: to bring that up.

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Speaker 2: And you know what, he's in the Canadian Music Hall

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Speaker 2: of Fame.

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Speaker 1: Oh my god.

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Speaker 2: Oh right, So so much for that.

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Speaker 1: Okay at any rate, Hats off Tom Cochrane, I think,

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Speaker 1: is what I was trying to say.

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Speaker 2: Right, m hm.

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Speaker 1: So we're doing an episode on Snails, which I'm kind

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Speaker 1: of psyched about. Our new good friend Allison helped us

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Speaker 1: with this one. I believe this is our second one

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Speaker 1: and she's doing great.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, was this a listener recommendation.

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Speaker 1: No, this was a Josh recommendation.

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Speaker 2: Okay, I didn't know if this was. You know, we

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Speaker 2: did some stuff recently with kids in the classroom, like

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Speaker 2: little virtual appearance appearances for our book stuff kids should know, huh.

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Speaker 2: And I know we got a lot of ideas and

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Speaker 2: just for some reason, I thought snails might have been

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Speaker 2: one of those.

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Speaker 1: Not a single one of those came up with the

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Speaker 1: idea of snails. It was really sad.

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Speaker 2: Kids these days and don't even know what snails are.

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Speaker 1: Snails that was was my pick, and I'm not sure

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Speaker 1: where it came from. I think I just pulled it

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Speaker 1: out of my head, but I'm glad I did, because

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Speaker 1: this is one of those things where, I mean, snails

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Speaker 1: are everywhere. Everyone knows what a snail is, like, it's

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Speaker 1: just a part of living on earth, you know about snails.

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Speaker 1: And yet what Alison turned up and I wasn't aware

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Speaker 1: of when I selected this, there's actually a bit of

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Speaker 1: a dearth of information academic information on snails specifically, and

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Speaker 1: that a lot of what we think we know about

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Speaker 1: them is actually just like old yarns that gardeners have

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Speaker 1: come up with over the years. So I love topics

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Speaker 1: like that, And actually, from researching this, I've come to

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Speaker 1: actually really appreciate snails like I Actually I kind of

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Speaker 1: think they're cute now, just from watching them in some videos.

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Speaker 2: Well, I looked up a picture of the h and

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Speaker 2: we'll talk about these in a little more till later,

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Speaker 2: but that giant African snail, and there was one picture

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Speaker 2: of a woman holding one of these things. Yeah, and

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Speaker 2: I swear it looked like a bunny rabbit with a

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Speaker 2: turtle shell.

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Speaker 1: Weird. I've not seen that picture.

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Speaker 2: It looked like a bunny. I mean, it's a snail, clearly,

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Speaker 2: it didn't look that much like a bunny, right or

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Speaker 2: was it like what in the world?

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Speaker 1: Maybe it was eating a bunny? Is that what it was?

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Speaker 2: I don't think so. But you were right, Allison was

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Speaker 2: keen to point out that malacology, which is someone who

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Speaker 2: studies molluscs, it's just I guess there's just not a

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Speaker 2: ton of those people out there, So there just tend

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Speaker 2: to be more people studying, you know, furier, cuter things

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Speaker 2: than snails.

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Speaker 1: I guess, right, exactly. And even if you do have

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Speaker 1: a lot of malacologists, they're studying mollusks and snails just

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Speaker 1: make a part of one class of a larger phylum

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Speaker 1: of mollusca. They're part of gastropoe And it's not just

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Speaker 1: snails in Gastropoda. We're talking slugs, sea slugs, conks, whelks, limpets. Basically,

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Speaker 1: all snail like creatures are in the Gastropoda class.

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Speaker 2: So they're gastropodes.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, or gastropods.

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Speaker 2: Okay, I didn't know how that was pronounced, So.

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Speaker 1: It's gotta be gastropod, right, I.

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Speaker 2: Mean, I think it's gastropod, but would it be gastropoda?

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Speaker 1: No?

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Speaker 2: Here is it one of those weird things that just

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Speaker 2: flips when you shorten it.

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Speaker 1: It's that second thing. Okay, great, so I said, Also, Chuck,

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Speaker 1: just living on Earth, you're aware of snails, and there's

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Speaker 1: a reason for that. They've been around for a really,

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Speaker 1: really long time. They are everywhere, and you can even

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Speaker 1: if you're walking around Antarctica and you look down on

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Speaker 1: the ground, you might see a snail waving up to

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Speaker 1: you wearing a parka.

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Speaker 2: Yeah. And even if you know, snails, as we will

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Speaker 2: find out, love moisture, even if you're in the desert,

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Speaker 2: even if you're in Arizona. Living there in Phoenix, you

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Speaker 2: might see a snail. Yeah, because there's still random water

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Speaker 2: here and there.

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Speaker 1: Yeah. Plus also some of them have evolved to like

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Speaker 1: really hang on to their water better than other times,

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Speaker 1: so they can survive in the desert. It's just nuts.

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Speaker 1: They're everywhere. As a matter of fact, they think that

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Speaker 1: they there's about one hundred and fifty thousand gastropod species

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Speaker 1: in total, remember that includes slugs and all that stuff,

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Speaker 1: But they think the snail species are between thirty thousand

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Speaker 1: and thirty five thousand. And I mean, you know, we

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Speaker 1: think of snails as typically like the little garden snail,

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Speaker 1: maybe the s car ghost snail. I think that's the

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Speaker 1: Roman snail if I'm not mistaken. But there are all

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Speaker 1: sorts of snails. You mentioned the giant African land snail.

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Speaker 1: Those things get I saw that they get to be

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Speaker 1: about the size of a human fists or bigger. That's

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Speaker 1: a big snail. But on the other end, there's another

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Speaker 1: type of snail that they recently discovered and I think

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Speaker 1: Vietnam and Cambodia on the walls of caves and they

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Speaker 1: can fit inside like a grain of sand. They're that small.

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Speaker 1: But if you look at them under a microscope, they

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Speaker 1: are very clearly snails.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I saw about five hundred native species to North America,

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Speaker 2: and we're generally going to be talking about, you know,

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Speaker 2: sort of your average land snail, but there are snails

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Speaker 2: that live exclusively in the water under the sea. It

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Speaker 2: would you know, there's just no way we could talk

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Speaker 2: about all the snails. So we're going to mainly concentrate

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Speaker 2: on the kind that leave that mucasi trail on the.

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Speaker 1: Sidewalk, right, Like, we could probably get through thirty four

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Speaker 1: thousand species today, but definitely not thirty five.

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Speaker 2: Thousand, that's right, So we're not getting dry.

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Speaker 1: Okay. So the other thing that's kind of like a

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Speaker 1: bummer about snail species is that as long as we've

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Speaker 1: been scientifically paying attention to snails, we've recorded more than

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Speaker 1: four hundred extinctions of snail species. And there's an Atlantic

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Speaker 1: short documentary I think it's like twelve minutes long. I

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Speaker 1: think it's called Goodbye Snails, and it's set in Hawaii

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Speaker 1: where they're experiencing this crazy mass extinction of their native

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Speaker 1: snail species that exist nowhere else in the world. And

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Speaker 1: it's a really kind of a tense little documentary. But

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Speaker 1: the people who are trying to rescue these snail species

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Speaker 1: and prevent them from extinction are really doing some amazing

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Speaker 1: work over there.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, there's about a thousand of them that are land

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Speaker 2: snails alone that are endangered right now. So that's a

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Speaker 2: lot of species to be in trouble. So that's no

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Speaker 2: good because as we will see, they can there can

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Speaker 2: be invasive snails, and they can do some harm to

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Speaker 2: the garden, but they also do a lot of great

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Speaker 2: things for your garden and for the world.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, leave the snails alone.

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Speaker 2: You ever read them?

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Speaker 1: I have, like once or twice. I'm not crazy about them, No,

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Speaker 1: they're not. I'm not an S Cargo fan. I'm a

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Speaker 1: fan of that S Cargo joke though.

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Speaker 2: Right, which is a look at that S cargo?

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Speaker 1: Is that what it was? What a snail painted an

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Speaker 1: ass on the side of his car?

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Speaker 2: That's right. That's a great elementary school kid joke.

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Speaker 1: Yep, that's wonderful. I was.

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Speaker 2: Trying to remember if I've ever I feel like I

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Speaker 2: might have tried it one time, many many many years ago,

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Speaker 2: because I do remember seeing snails floating in a buttery

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Speaker 2: solution on a plate and I think that was a

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Speaker 2: little tiny tong Yeah, that's involved, But I really had

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Speaker 2: a very very faint memory. So if I did try it,

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Speaker 2: I don't know under what circumstance it was, but it

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Speaker 2: was a long time ago, and it's it's not something

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Speaker 2: i'd really be into now.

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Speaker 1: So you've been have like a specialized plate for serving them,

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Speaker 1: and it basically doubles is like a doubled eggs serving

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Speaker 1: plate too. It's like, you know, got a bunch of

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Speaker 1: depressions in it that the snails sit in.

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Speaker 2: Right, I'd rather have a double legg You can also

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Speaker 2: eat snail eggs. They call it white caviar. Oh yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 2: it's a thing. There's a I think it's like one

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Speaker 2: hundred and thirty bucks for about one point seventy five ounces.

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Speaker 1: Wow. Wow, well that's a lot of snail eggs now

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Speaker 1: that I think about it.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, it seems like it. I mean, it looks like

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Speaker 2: it comes a little tin like caviar. But although I

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Speaker 2: do love caviar, now, I don't think I would try

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Speaker 2: snail caviar.

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Speaker 1: Okay, okay, I'll accept that answer.

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Speaker 2: And I know I talked about a newish to caviar

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Speaker 2: just the past couple of years. So was it something

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Speaker 2: I ever had until semi recently, But.

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Speaker 1: Now you have it at dinner every night.

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Speaker 2: Just you've heard an avocado toast every morning. I just

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Speaker 2: have caviar toastut all over the biggest peace of sour

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Speaker 2: dough I can.

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Speaker 1: With gold flakes on top.

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Speaker 2: All right, Should we talk about the body of a snail?

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Speaker 1: Yeah, I feel like we kind of have to because

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Speaker 1: there's a lot of misconceptions people have about snails, including me,

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Speaker 1: as far as their body goes.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean we can talk about their shell for

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Speaker 2: a little bit. They have that. Well, we'll talk about

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Speaker 2: the shell kind of through out. It's obviously a protective device.

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Speaker 2: Snail can pull themselves back into that shell, and they

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Speaker 2: can actually put a little I think it's called an epigram,

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Speaker 2: and that is like a it's like a front door. Basically,

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Speaker 2: it's a temporary front door that they can put on

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Speaker 2: the whole of that shell. So if you ever pick

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Speaker 2: up a snail shell and it's covered with something, that

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Speaker 2: is a temporary front door that a snail uses to

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Speaker 2: keep people like you from poking around into that snail shell.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, and I saw that some of them have denticles

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Speaker 1: on their life like sharp kind of tooth like projections,

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Speaker 1: so that if a predator tries to come in there

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Speaker 1: after them, they'll get all torn up. Oh. On the epigram, yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's like those reverse tire damage things that like a

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Speaker 1: car rental parking lot. It's like that.

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Speaker 2: From what I understand, that's pretty cool. And it also

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Speaker 2: keeps some moist because what a snail does not want

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Speaker 2: to do is dry out, because once again, a snail

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Speaker 2: is basically a slug with a helmet on.

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Speaker 1: Right, So I'd like to talk a little bit about

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Speaker 1: the misconceptions of how the snail body is arranged, if

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Speaker 1: we can.

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Speaker 2: Let's do it.

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Speaker 1: Inside that shell is the actual body of the snail.

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Speaker 1: What we see as the head in the tail is

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Speaker 1: actually the head, true. But what looks like the tail

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Speaker 1: is actually like the heel of its foot. That's what

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Speaker 1: it's moving around on. Is its foot, right, it's single

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Speaker 1: foot exactly, and so above on top of that is

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Speaker 1: the whole body and all that is encased in the shell.

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Speaker 1: And what's weird is there's one opening that the what'd

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Speaker 1: you say covers the opening.

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Speaker 2: The I think it's called an epigram. Okay, I'm sorry,

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Speaker 2: I've been saying epigram, epiphram, epifray, diaphram.

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Speaker 1: Okay, gotcha. So what the epifram covers is called the aperture.

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Speaker 1: And on land snails, there's one aperture. There's one way in,

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Speaker 1: one way out. And because all of their body is

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Speaker 1: tucked up in the shell, they still got to poop,

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Speaker 1: they've still got to breathe, they still have to do

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Speaker 1: all the stuff that requires the outside atmosphere. And so

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Speaker 1: what they've done is they've figured out how to double

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Speaker 1: their bodies around so that their head and their tail,

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Speaker 1: including their anus, are basically right next to one another

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Speaker 1: at the aperture at the opening of their shell.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, kind of like on top of their head. And

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Speaker 2: this is something called torsion, which means to twist. You know,

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Speaker 2: if you've heard of something, you've heard of torsion before. Probably.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, Chubby Checker was going to call his dance the torsion,

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Speaker 1: and he's like, this doesn't have the right ring. Let's

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Speaker 1: do the torsion, right, A traveler from the future came

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Speaker 1: back in time and told him, no, we should call

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Speaker 1: this the twist. Rocked out the high school dance, and

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Speaker 1: that was history.

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Speaker 2: That's pretty good. You did you think of that one beforehand?

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Speaker 1: No? No, okay, no I didn't. I've just gotten that

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Speaker 1: good this late in the year.

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Speaker 2: I love it. So. Yeah, that body basically doubles back

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Speaker 2: one hundred and eighty degrees on top of itself. And

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Speaker 2: there's a lot of debate. I mean, should we get

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Speaker 2: into that, like the great torsion debate.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, we can at least touch on it. Sure, it's

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Speaker 1: almost impenetrable if you're not a malacologist.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I would say so. So as far as when

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Speaker 2: torsion emerged, they're not exactly sure because you can't tell

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Speaker 2: from like a fossil whether or not a you know,

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Speaker 2: you can find a fossil of a shell, but the

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Speaker 2: torsion is happening within the shell, so you can't really

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Speaker 2: tell if it's been torsioned. Is that even a verb?

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Speaker 1: I don't know, torted, I was gonna say torted. I

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Speaker 1: didn't look it up, though, So I think tort it's right,

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Speaker 1: let's say torted.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I think it's torted. So you can't really tell

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Speaker 2: if it's been torted by looking at a fossil. And

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Speaker 2: so there's just been a lot of debate, like, obviously

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Speaker 2: this happened for a reason. No one knows exactly what

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Speaker 2: that was. And like you mentioned at the beginning, some

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Speaker 2: of the sort of old farmer's tails. One of those

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Speaker 2: is you might hear some gardening people say, oh, well,

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Speaker 2: actually they're asymmetry inside that shell provides balance, and that's

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Speaker 2: just not true.

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Speaker 1: No, No, that's definitely not There's also one that back

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Speaker 1: in the day when they were all marine animals, because

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Speaker 1: land snails evolve from marine aquatic snails, that it was

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Speaker 1: a way to keep their hind quarters, their tails, all

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Speaker 1: that stuff from being bitten by a predator. Probably it

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Speaker 1: does make sense, it's probably not it what the two

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Speaker 1: biggest competing hypothesis are the rotation hypothesis and the asymmetrical hypothesis.

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Speaker 1: And the rotational hypothesis the one that's been around since

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Speaker 1: like nineteen twenty nine, and it basically says that at

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Speaker 1: some point in the past, the the snail, some snail

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Speaker 1: mutant came along and twisted around during its development and

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Speaker 1: it became naturally selected because it was advantageous because it

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Speaker 1: allowed the snail to retract its head faster, whereas before

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Speaker 1: it would have had to retract the tail and then

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Speaker 1: the head. Now it can retract the head because it's

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Speaker 1: all it had to retract.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, but that was just like a spontaneous thing, right, That's.

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Speaker 1: What the that's what they think. But it's just such

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Speaker 1: a bizarre thing to have happen, especially in a single mutation,

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Speaker 1: because again, what we're talking about is during the larval

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Speaker 1: development an body, it count it moves counterclockwise to one

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Speaker 1: hundred and eighty degrees, and so its circulatory and nervous

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Speaker 1: system forms a figure eight inside the shell. It's not

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Speaker 1: all just packed in there straight. It's all over the place.

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Speaker 1: And because of that weird torsion thing, the entire right

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Speaker 1: side of its anatomy, including its organs, are just not there.

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Speaker 1: It's all left side organ stuff. It all just got

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Speaker 1: moved over toward the inside of the shell because the

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Speaker 1: right side is pressed up against the shell itself, and

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Speaker 1: it's all because of torsion. And they just cannot figure

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Speaker 1: out why that would have happened in the past. And

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Speaker 1: clearly it could have happened as a as a like

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Speaker 1: a mutation that obviously did, but why would it have

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Speaker 1: been naturally selected for for hundreds of millions of years,

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Speaker 1: which strongly implies that it was like an advantageous mutation.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I would think so, right, Yeah, so that's.

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Speaker 1: Kind of like this debate that's going on that that is,

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Speaker 1: I mean, you really have to understand snail at tom

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Speaker 1: me and evolutionary history to go much further in understanding

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Speaker 1: that debate. That's pretty much what I could glean from

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Speaker 1: the whole thing.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, and I would say hesitate even getting into that debate.

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Speaker 2: If you've had a couple of drinks at the bar

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Speaker 2: and you're feeling a little squarely and you want to

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Speaker 2: dive into this hot conversation.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, I would staer clear, just take a.

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Speaker 2: Break and have another drink and just relax.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, or maybe it's time for you to go home.

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Speaker 2: Right, yeah, get a car to take you home, or

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Speaker 2: walk or whatever.

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Speaker 1: Yeah. So that's very careful. Snails tort and we're not

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Speaker 1: sure exactly why, but what we do know the upshot

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Speaker 1: of it is that their body is double back on

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Speaker 1: itself and there their anus and their head are essentially

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Speaker 1: right next to each other.

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Speaker 2: Yes, exactly. They also have a mouth and inside that

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Speaker 2: mouth is something called a radula. It's a it has

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Speaker 2: teeth on it, and it's like a it's kind of

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Speaker 2: like a tongue, and they have You know, if you

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Speaker 2: look at a snail and they turn those two little

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Speaker 2: tentacles to look back at you, that's because they have

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Speaker 2: eyes mounted on either one or two pairs of tentacles,

359
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Speaker 2: and they can look at you. They can't hear you.

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Speaker 2: They don't have ears. From what I saw, snails are

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Speaker 2: basically deaf. But they can see you.

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Speaker 1: They can see you, and depending on the species, there's

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Speaker 1: different types of eyes. Some have very simple eyes where

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Speaker 1: they can detect changes in light and dark or maybe

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Speaker 1: maybe movement. But there's some kinds I think that have

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Speaker 1: the ability to see you, to focus on you. And

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Speaker 1: because they're on the ends of those stalks, they can

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Speaker 1: retract the eyes themselves in the stalk, and then the

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Speaker 1: stalk into the head, and then the head into the shell,

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Speaker 1: and then when they want to see if danger's gone,

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Speaker 1: they can peak one of those stalks out from the shell.

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Speaker 1: Look around. Isn't that cool?

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Speaker 2: That's pretty cool? Yeah, I love it. And there's also

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Speaker 2: the mantle, and the mantle will come up quite a bit,

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Speaker 2: and the best I could figures that may mantle is

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Speaker 2: that area around the rim of the shell that connects

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Speaker 2: the foot in the head to the shell itself, right.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, and it's also whatever holds all of our organs

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Speaker 1: and guts in place. That membrane is very analogous to

380
00:20:15,960 --> 00:20:19,719
Speaker 1: the mantle tissue of the snail because it holds all

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Speaker 1: the organs in place, but it also does something really important.

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Speaker 1: It secretes all of the stuff that eventually is built

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Speaker 1: into the shell itself.

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Speaker 2: That's right.

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Speaker 1: So are we at the shell partner?

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Speaker 2: You think you know what? This is a good We're

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Speaker 2: twenty minutes in. I think we should take a break, yeah,

388
00:20:36,920 --> 00:20:40,520
Speaker 2: because that shell formation is quite a cliffhanger. Okay, and

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00:20:40,600 --> 00:21:07,679
Speaker 2: we'll be right back after this, all right, So we

390
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Speaker 2: promised to talk to you a little bit about the shell.

391
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Speaker 2: A snail shell is beautiful. You should never ever ever

392
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Speaker 2: smash a snail shell or a snail because that's animal

393
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Speaker 2: cruelty and it's a terrible thing to do, so just

394
00:21:22,840 --> 00:21:26,399
Speaker 2: don't do it. Right, But it is basically there's a

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Speaker 2: little bit of protein in there, but it's mainly something

396
00:21:28,800 --> 00:21:32,640
Speaker 2: called calcium carbonate, and it is, like you said earlier,

397
00:21:32,720 --> 00:21:37,440
Speaker 2: secreted by that mantle tissue, and it builds up over time.

398
00:21:38,520 --> 00:21:40,159
Speaker 2: If you look at sort of the center part of

399
00:21:40,160 --> 00:21:43,359
Speaker 2: that shell. That's the oldest part of the shell. You

400
00:21:43,400 --> 00:21:46,199
Speaker 2: can tell a snail's age by how big that shell is.

401
00:21:46,240 --> 00:21:48,640
Speaker 2: And that's also the hardest part of the shell because

402
00:21:48,640 --> 00:21:51,639
Speaker 2: it's been around longer. So they just keep adding material

403
00:21:51,800 --> 00:21:56,040
Speaker 2: along that outer edge little by little as it expands outward.

404
00:21:56,560 --> 00:21:59,280
Speaker 2: And that is why a like the outer edge of

405
00:21:59,320 --> 00:22:02,000
Speaker 2: a snail shell will be much more you know, sort

406
00:22:02,000 --> 00:22:04,280
Speaker 2: of breakable than the inside harder part.

407
00:22:04,560 --> 00:22:07,840
Speaker 1: That makes sense. So the oldest part is the closest

408
00:22:07,840 --> 00:22:08,919
Speaker 1: to the to the center.

409
00:22:09,560 --> 00:22:10,680
Speaker 2: Yeah, apparently.

410
00:22:10,720 --> 00:22:14,119
Speaker 1: Also I didn't realize this. They're born with a tiny

411
00:22:14,119 --> 00:22:18,160
Speaker 1: shell already attached. They just grow it over time by secrete.

412
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Speaker 2: Starter starter shell exactly and then cut.

413
00:22:20,000 --> 00:22:24,600
Speaker 1: Yeah, they're born like little tiny baby snails like that preformationism,

414
00:22:25,320 --> 00:22:28,200
Speaker 1: uh theory from our things we used to believe before

415
00:22:28,240 --> 00:22:29,840
Speaker 1: the Scientific Method episode.

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Speaker 2: That's right.

417
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Speaker 1: So I also said, Chuck, the mantle holds the mantle

418
00:22:34,359 --> 00:22:37,520
Speaker 1: tissue holds all the the important guts and stuff like

419
00:22:37,560 --> 00:22:42,200
Speaker 1: that in place. And the way that snails breathe is

420
00:22:42,320 --> 00:22:45,440
Speaker 1: through the mantle cavity. They have blood vessels in there,

421
00:22:45,800 --> 00:22:50,200
Speaker 1: but they breathe using kind of like a primitive. I

422
00:22:50,240 --> 00:22:51,919
Speaker 1: don't want to say long. I think that's kind of

423
00:22:51,920 --> 00:22:54,480
Speaker 1: a stretch. But basically they have an opening that.

424
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Speaker 2: It's called a lung. I've seen it called the lung

425
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Speaker 2: in diagrams.

426
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Speaker 1: Okay, so I've also seen it called a new numastome,

427
00:23:01,640 --> 00:23:04,080
Speaker 1: and it's essentially a breathing port that they can open

428
00:23:04,119 --> 00:23:08,000
Speaker 1: and close using their muscles that takes in air and

429
00:23:08,240 --> 00:23:11,040
Speaker 1: exhales air. But it's pretty neat and it's right there

430
00:23:11,160 --> 00:23:13,680
Speaker 1: next to their head, right there at the aperture where

431
00:23:13,680 --> 00:23:15,560
Speaker 1: everything else that needs to be outside is.

432
00:23:16,560 --> 00:23:20,120
Speaker 2: Yeah, and they can if you're talking about sea snails,

433
00:23:20,480 --> 00:23:22,080
Speaker 2: Like I said, we're not going to get two into them,

434
00:23:22,119 --> 00:23:25,520
Speaker 2: but they can have similar body parts in terms of breathing,

435
00:23:25,640 --> 00:23:28,720
Speaker 2: or they can also have gills kind of upfront as well.

436
00:23:28,840 --> 00:23:31,840
Speaker 1: Yeah. So one of the things snails are most famous

437
00:23:31,840 --> 00:23:37,720
Speaker 1: for is there mucus right Yeah, that is apparently secreted

438
00:23:37,760 --> 00:23:40,240
Speaker 1: by the foot, And as the foot moves along, it's

439
00:23:40,240 --> 00:23:42,840
Speaker 1: just a series of muscles that just kind of propel

440
00:23:43,200 --> 00:23:47,000
Speaker 1: as they ripple, propel the snail along, but they lay

441
00:23:47,040 --> 00:23:49,600
Speaker 1: down a trail of mucus that does a lot of

442
00:23:49,640 --> 00:23:52,760
Speaker 1: different things. For one, it allows the snail to do

443
00:23:52,880 --> 00:23:56,679
Speaker 1: some Spider man esque moves, like just crawl right up

444
00:23:56,720 --> 00:24:00,160
Speaker 1: the side of a building because it's very strong.

445
00:24:00,240 --> 00:24:03,040
Speaker 2: It's glue like, Yeah, but it can be it's funny

446
00:24:03,080 --> 00:24:04,960
Speaker 2: because it can be glue like or act as a

447
00:24:05,040 --> 00:24:07,800
Speaker 2: lubricant exactly, which is pretty remarkable.

448
00:24:07,880 --> 00:24:11,920
Speaker 1: Yeah. So yeah, it also separates the snail from the

449
00:24:11,960 --> 00:24:15,399
Speaker 1: rest of the world that it's running over. Yeah, you know,

450
00:24:15,640 --> 00:24:18,800
Speaker 1: it's strong like glue, but it also allows the snail

451
00:24:18,840 --> 00:24:21,919
Speaker 1: to move smoothly, and it also protects the snail's body

452
00:24:22,040 --> 00:24:26,200
Speaker 1: from sharp things that it might be crawling over slowly

453
00:24:26,480 --> 00:24:31,520
Speaker 1: crawling over. And it also keeps the moisture locked inside

454
00:24:31,880 --> 00:24:34,439
Speaker 1: so much so that snail mucin, as we'll see, has

455
00:24:34,480 --> 00:24:37,560
Speaker 1: been used for millennia as like kind of a skin thing.

456
00:24:38,080 --> 00:24:40,560
Speaker 1: If you have very dry skin and you can get

457
00:24:40,560 --> 00:24:44,600
Speaker 1: your hands on snail mucan or mucous, it will cure

458
00:24:44,640 --> 00:24:45,320
Speaker 1: your dry skin.

459
00:24:46,480 --> 00:24:49,760
Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean that's what keeps the I mean that

460
00:24:49,880 --> 00:24:52,400
Speaker 2: and other things is what keeps that snail moist. So

461
00:24:52,920 --> 00:24:56,119
Speaker 2: if it's keeping the snail alive, then imagine what it

462
00:24:56,119 --> 00:25:00,280
Speaker 2: can do for your crow's feet exactly. I only think

463
00:25:00,320 --> 00:25:04,840
Speaker 2: we said what was actually made of. It's enzymes, peptides, proteins,

464
00:25:06,160 --> 00:25:11,359
Speaker 2: trace minerals, and it's it's pretty remarkable stuff. It's you know,

465
00:25:11,640 --> 00:25:13,399
Speaker 2: the tailtale sign is when you see that stuff on

466
00:25:13,440 --> 00:25:17,280
Speaker 2: the sidewalk, and just the term snail trail itself, that

467
00:25:17,359 --> 00:25:22,240
Speaker 2: sort of snotty, glistening, shiny snail trail is you know,

468
00:25:22,280 --> 00:25:25,719
Speaker 2: it's become sort of part of the lexicon to you know,

469
00:25:25,800 --> 00:25:28,240
Speaker 2: as a stand in for other things at times.

470
00:25:28,520 --> 00:25:31,760
Speaker 1: So yeah, for sure. So one of the other things

471
00:25:31,800 --> 00:25:37,160
Speaker 1: that the snail trail, the mucous trail does is it says, hey, sailor,

472
00:25:37,520 --> 00:25:40,840
Speaker 1: come come this way, right, because it's one way that

473
00:25:40,880 --> 00:25:44,639
Speaker 1: snails find one another to mate, which is surprising that

474
00:25:44,680 --> 00:25:48,640
Speaker 1: they mate because they're hermaphroditic. They all snails, or most

475
00:25:48,680 --> 00:25:51,480
Speaker 1: species of land snails are equipped with both male and

476
00:25:51,520 --> 00:25:56,280
Speaker 1: female sex organs. But and when they come together to mate,

477
00:25:57,600 --> 00:25:59,879
Speaker 1: it's there's no telling who's who or who's doing what,

478
00:26:00,200 --> 00:26:02,639
Speaker 1: because in the end both of them often come away

479
00:26:02,680 --> 00:26:04,200
Speaker 1: with fertilized eggs.

480
00:26:04,920 --> 00:26:09,280
Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean, to me, this section is the most

481
00:26:09,280 --> 00:26:14,000
Speaker 2: remarkable stuff about snails. How they reproduce is just amazing.

482
00:26:15,280 --> 00:26:18,719
Speaker 2: They are hermaphroditic because and it just makes sense, if

483
00:26:18,760 --> 00:26:22,120
Speaker 2: you're moving point five inches per second, you would die

484
00:26:22,119 --> 00:26:25,560
Speaker 2: out as a species if you if like a male

485
00:26:25,640 --> 00:26:27,719
Speaker 2: had to search for a female or the other way around.

486
00:26:28,600 --> 00:26:32,400
Speaker 2: So they basically just double their chances of finding somebody

487
00:26:32,480 --> 00:26:35,280
Speaker 2: within the you know, ten feet or so that they're

488
00:26:35,520 --> 00:26:38,760
Speaker 2: they're wandering around. I mean they move more than that

489
00:26:38,760 --> 00:26:41,320
Speaker 2: within a lifetime, obviously, but you know, if it's that

490
00:26:41,400 --> 00:26:42,560
Speaker 2: time of year, which is what.

491
00:26:42,680 --> 00:26:45,880
Speaker 1: Like autumn, sure, autumn and spring.

492
00:26:46,480 --> 00:26:50,520
Speaker 2: Autumn and spring, they're gonna wander around, they're gonna find

493
00:26:50,680 --> 00:26:54,720
Speaker 2: another snail. They're gonna dance around each other, and that

494
00:26:54,840 --> 00:26:59,160
Speaker 2: just means very slowly circle each other for I saw

495
00:26:59,400 --> 00:27:02,720
Speaker 2: four to six hours. I saw. The whole thing can

496
00:27:02,760 --> 00:27:06,320
Speaker 2: take up to twelve hours. It's a very obviously as

497
00:27:06,320 --> 00:27:08,160
Speaker 2: you would imagine, a very slow process.

498
00:27:08,240 --> 00:27:11,360
Speaker 1: It is slow, but it's really involved, like they are

499
00:27:11,480 --> 00:27:14,440
Speaker 1: really into it. While they're they're going at.

500
00:27:14,280 --> 00:27:17,280
Speaker 2: It, yeah, I mean they're they're and this is before

501
00:27:17,280 --> 00:27:18,880
Speaker 2: they're going at it. This is when they're just sort

502
00:27:18,920 --> 00:27:21,439
Speaker 2: of like sizing each other up. They're getting their steam,

503
00:27:21,520 --> 00:27:26,239
Speaker 2: they're touching tentacles, they're biting each other's lips. Things are

504
00:27:26,240 --> 00:27:29,960
Speaker 2: getting really pretty hot and heavy in there. And then

505
00:27:30,280 --> 00:27:33,840
Speaker 2: they have something that is amazing, and I don't know

506
00:27:33,840 --> 00:27:37,239
Speaker 2: if any other animal that has something like this. They

507
00:27:37,280 --> 00:27:39,960
Speaker 2: have something called a love what they call a love dart.

508
00:27:41,240 --> 00:27:44,080
Speaker 2: A love dart only forms after the first mating, so

509
00:27:44,119 --> 00:27:46,320
Speaker 2: you have to have at least a little bit of

510
00:27:46,480 --> 00:27:50,439
Speaker 2: sexual experience to even form a love dart. Sure, they

511
00:27:50,520 --> 00:27:52,600
Speaker 2: take about a week to form, and you don't always

512
00:27:52,600 --> 00:27:56,240
Speaker 2: have to have one to mate, because if you've used

513
00:27:56,320 --> 00:27:59,560
Speaker 2: up your love dart and then you know within the

514
00:27:59,600 --> 00:28:02,160
Speaker 2: week you want to go at it again, you can

515
00:28:02,160 --> 00:28:05,320
Speaker 2: still do that. It's not necessary for reproduction, but it

516
00:28:05,440 --> 00:28:09,359
Speaker 2: helps in reproduction. They form in the dart sack and

517
00:28:09,720 --> 00:28:12,240
Speaker 2: is stored in a dart sack, and if you look

518
00:28:12,240 --> 00:28:14,360
Speaker 2: at it, it's a little It is a little dart.

519
00:28:14,400 --> 00:28:18,240
Speaker 2: It's got this little sharp harpoon like tip and they actually,

520
00:28:18,800 --> 00:28:22,000
Speaker 2: it says they shoot it, but it doesn't like fly

521
00:28:22,119 --> 00:28:24,400
Speaker 2: through the air. It's more like a they stab one

522
00:28:24,400 --> 00:28:25,000
Speaker 2: another with it.

523
00:28:25,080 --> 00:28:28,360
Speaker 1: Oh, I imagine it like ew and then just sailing

524
00:28:28,400 --> 00:28:30,240
Speaker 1: a couple feet and then spraying.

525
00:28:30,920 --> 00:28:33,040
Speaker 2: That would be great. It's more like it's stabbing. But

526
00:28:33,480 --> 00:28:37,760
Speaker 2: apparently it's very imprecise. This hydraulic pressure builds up as

527
00:28:37,800 --> 00:28:40,280
Speaker 2: they circle and bite each other's lips and then they

528
00:28:40,280 --> 00:28:43,320
Speaker 2: shoot this thing out at each other and it can

529
00:28:43,400 --> 00:28:45,080
Speaker 2: I think about a third of the time it doesn't

530
00:28:45,080 --> 00:28:47,200
Speaker 2: even do it it's intended to do, which we'll get

531
00:28:47,240 --> 00:28:49,920
Speaker 2: to in a sect, but it can pierce organs. It

532
00:28:49,960 --> 00:28:52,240
Speaker 2: can go all the way through the head and out

533
00:28:52,280 --> 00:28:58,120
Speaker 2: the other side. So it's really crazy. It's a weird adaptation.

534
00:28:58,640 --> 00:29:01,720
Speaker 1: Yeah, no, it's super weird. And the I think what's

535
00:29:02,120 --> 00:29:04,600
Speaker 1: most weird about it to me is there's other animals

536
00:29:04,680 --> 00:29:08,040
Speaker 1: that do that to deliver sperm. That's not what the

537
00:29:08,080 --> 00:29:12,240
Speaker 1: snails are doing. These love darts deliver other hormones that

538
00:29:12,440 --> 00:29:15,880
Speaker 1: help protect the sperm as it makes its way to

539
00:29:15,920 --> 00:29:21,400
Speaker 1: the eggs to fertilize. It's like a really clumsy, superfluous

540
00:29:21,600 --> 00:29:25,080
Speaker 1: extra step that, like you said, doesn't even like they

541
00:29:25,480 --> 00:29:27,280
Speaker 1: miss a lot of the time. They still manage to

542
00:29:27,320 --> 00:29:30,040
Speaker 1: fertilize eggs. It's just a very strange thing that they do.

543
00:29:30,120 --> 00:29:36,520
Speaker 1: But it's part of this really long, really slimy courtship mating,

544
00:29:37,080 --> 00:29:40,040
Speaker 1: you know, process that they get involved in. And then

545
00:29:40,080 --> 00:29:44,080
Speaker 1: the sex itself is like just one rubs its foot

546
00:29:44,080 --> 00:29:45,720
Speaker 1: against the other foot and there you go.

547
00:29:46,480 --> 00:29:49,840
Speaker 2: Right and they say who's pregnant which, and they go,

548
00:29:50,080 --> 00:29:51,160
Speaker 2: I don't know, Yeah, maybe.

549
00:29:50,960 --> 00:29:52,160
Speaker 1: Both of them, Yeah, both of us.

550
00:29:52,800 --> 00:29:53,760
Speaker 2: Actually can it be both?

551
00:29:53,840 --> 00:29:55,960
Speaker 1: Yeah, that's what I'm saying, that both both can walk

552
00:29:56,000 --> 00:29:57,719
Speaker 1: away with fertilized eggs after this.

553
00:29:58,840 --> 00:30:01,680
Speaker 2: Yeah, and they can lay. I think they can hatch

554
00:30:01,880 --> 00:30:06,160
Speaker 2: up to four hundred and fifty eggs per year, and

555
00:30:07,200 --> 00:30:09,680
Speaker 2: that doesn't take very long. Actually, right in the gestation

556
00:30:09,800 --> 00:30:11,600
Speaker 2: period it can be like really short.

557
00:30:11,640 --> 00:30:14,719
Speaker 1: Right for some species, especially in captivity, it can be

558
00:30:14,840 --> 00:30:17,880
Speaker 1: twenty four hours. Others it seems like the outside is

559
00:30:17,920 --> 00:30:19,880
Speaker 1: four weeks, and usually in the while, it's like two

560
00:30:19,880 --> 00:30:21,200
Speaker 1: to four weeks for gestation.

561
00:30:22,240 --> 00:30:25,800
Speaker 2: Yeah, and once those little guys are born, they may

562
00:30:25,840 --> 00:30:28,080
Speaker 2: immediately start eating the rest of the eggs as their

563
00:30:28,080 --> 00:30:28,600
Speaker 2: first meal.

564
00:30:29,120 --> 00:30:31,840
Speaker 1: Yeah. It's kind of a bummer, especially because leading up

565
00:30:31,880 --> 00:30:33,960
Speaker 1: to it, it's so cute, this little tiny snail with

566
00:30:34,000 --> 00:30:36,480
Speaker 1: its little tiny shells inside its egg, and it starts

567
00:30:36,520 --> 00:30:39,840
Speaker 1: tapping its way out until it cracks through the egg.

568
00:30:39,920 --> 00:30:43,520
Speaker 1: And then yeah, it gruesomely eats its siblings very quickly.

569
00:30:43,680 --> 00:30:46,800
Speaker 1: Sometimes it'll eat smaller siblings that have already hatched, not

570
00:30:46,960 --> 00:30:50,520
Speaker 1: just the eggs. What I didn't realize though, is that

571
00:30:51,000 --> 00:30:56,400
Speaker 1: some and that's actually not all snail species. That's ones

572
00:30:56,400 --> 00:30:58,520
Speaker 1: that will eat eggs, but for the most part they'll

573
00:30:58,520 --> 00:30:59,480
Speaker 1: eat just vegetation.

574
00:31:00,400 --> 00:31:01,400
Speaker 2: Yeah.

575
00:31:01,520 --> 00:31:06,520
Speaker 1: The snail parent will often stay nearby to provide protection

576
00:31:06,680 --> 00:31:10,040
Speaker 1: for the young snail hatchlings for a little.

577
00:31:09,840 --> 00:31:12,440
Speaker 2: While they hang out for a while, right, Yeah.

578
00:31:11,960 --> 00:31:14,160
Speaker 1: I did not realize though, I thought it was pretty cool.

579
00:31:14,400 --> 00:31:16,120
Speaker 2: Yeah, they can. They can hang out for up to

580
00:31:16,200 --> 00:31:19,840
Speaker 2: three months together while the parents are kind of protecting them.

581
00:31:21,240 --> 00:31:23,080
Speaker 2: And like you said, they're born with that little baby

582
00:31:23,080 --> 00:31:26,600
Speaker 2: shell and just gets bigger and bigger. They did we

583
00:31:26,640 --> 00:31:27,920
Speaker 2: talk about how long they can live.

584
00:31:28,360 --> 00:31:30,600
Speaker 1: No, we didn't. It's pretty spectacular.

585
00:31:31,240 --> 00:31:32,880
Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean in the wild they can live up

586
00:31:32,920 --> 00:31:35,479
Speaker 2: to five years, which that shocked me quite frankly.

587
00:31:35,600 --> 00:31:37,880
Speaker 1: Yeah. Really, I feel bad for all the snails you've

588
00:31:37,920 --> 00:31:40,120
Speaker 1: accidentally stepped on after a rainy evening.

589
00:31:40,800 --> 00:31:44,120
Speaker 2: You hope at least they were old.

590
00:31:43,960 --> 00:31:45,680
Speaker 1: Yeah, exactly, like they had their time.

591
00:31:46,400 --> 00:31:48,360
Speaker 2: Yeah, so five years is a pretty long time in

592
00:31:48,400 --> 00:31:51,440
Speaker 2: the wild. I think in captivity they can live up

593
00:31:51,440 --> 00:31:54,040
Speaker 2: to twenty five years, which is astounding.

594
00:31:54,240 --> 00:31:58,680
Speaker 1: Yeah. There's a really great little short documentary called The

595
00:31:58,720 --> 00:32:01,560
Speaker 1: Strange and Wonderful War Old of the Snail Wrangler. It's

596
00:32:01,560 --> 00:32:04,600
Speaker 1: on YouTube and it's about this woman who takes photos

597
00:32:04,640 --> 00:32:10,120
Speaker 1: of her snail friends in like little miniature settings, human settings.

598
00:32:10,120 --> 00:32:13,240
Speaker 1: It's really cute, and she talks about one of her

599
00:32:13,320 --> 00:32:16,920
Speaker 1: snail companions that she's been with for like ten years.

600
00:32:17,960 --> 00:32:19,600
Speaker 1: And it's just, I mean, when you think of it

601
00:32:19,680 --> 00:32:22,520
Speaker 1: like that, like snails are just so they're off doing

602
00:32:22,560 --> 00:32:25,040
Speaker 1: their own thing. They live in a world far different

603
00:32:25,040 --> 00:32:27,600
Speaker 1: from ours, even though we share the same geography. It's

604
00:32:27,720 --> 00:32:30,960
Speaker 1: just a different world. So when you cross paths with one,

605
00:32:31,000 --> 00:32:34,360
Speaker 1: you're like, hey, alien, and they're probably like, hey, giant alien.

606
00:32:34,920 --> 00:32:38,120
Speaker 1: And that's it. The idea that they're there in that

607
00:32:38,200 --> 00:32:41,719
Speaker 1: same patch as long as you are. In some cases,

608
00:32:41,720 --> 00:32:43,400
Speaker 1: when you're like if you live at a house for

609
00:32:43,480 --> 00:32:47,840
Speaker 1: ten years, a snail might have lived there just as

610
00:32:47,880 --> 00:32:50,280
Speaker 1: long as you did for the same time, Like you

611
00:32:50,360 --> 00:32:52,400
Speaker 1: shared that with them that whole time. It's they're not

612
00:32:52,440 --> 00:32:57,440
Speaker 1: just this anonymous, generic animals running around there. They I mean,

613
00:32:57,480 --> 00:33:00,880
Speaker 1: anything that lives that long, there's just something substantial to

614
00:33:00,920 --> 00:33:03,400
Speaker 1: it than you would think initially.

615
00:33:04,480 --> 00:33:05,800
Speaker 2: Are you saying snail has the soul?

616
00:33:07,000 --> 00:33:07,960
Speaker 1: I think it's pretty clear.

617
00:33:08,040 --> 00:33:12,480
Speaker 2: Yes, all right, so snails are doing their things. I

618
00:33:12,520 --> 00:33:15,600
Speaker 2: love this account that Alison found that was a scientist

619
00:33:16,040 --> 00:33:20,320
Speaker 2: from Pittsburgh's Carnegie Museum of Natural History that said snails

620
00:33:20,320 --> 00:33:24,480
Speaker 2: are leaky bags of water that survive on dry land.

621
00:33:24,800 --> 00:33:25,040
Speaker 1: Yep.

622
00:33:25,400 --> 00:33:27,520
Speaker 2: And it almost sounds like they're saying like they happen

623
00:33:27,600 --> 00:33:31,040
Speaker 2: to survive, because it doesn't seem like a snail was

624
00:33:31,120 --> 00:33:35,760
Speaker 2: really made for that environment. But they survive anyway because

625
00:33:36,360 --> 00:33:40,280
Speaker 2: snails really need to stay moist, like a snail drying out,

626
00:33:40,920 --> 00:33:44,640
Speaker 2: just like a slug, means certain death. So even though

627
00:33:44,680 --> 00:33:46,840
Speaker 2: there are snails in the desert, you're mainly going to

628
00:33:46,920 --> 00:33:50,240
Speaker 2: find snails in more moist areas. We're gonna say that

629
00:33:50,280 --> 00:33:50,840
Speaker 2: word quite a bit.

630
00:33:50,880 --> 00:33:53,840
Speaker 1: I apologize, I was gonna say, unlike humans, moist is

631
00:33:53,880 --> 00:33:56,680
Speaker 1: a snail's favorite word. It really is.

632
00:33:57,320 --> 00:33:59,680
Speaker 2: They do live on the ground, mainly if they're a

633
00:33:59,680 --> 00:34:03,280
Speaker 2: trust real snails, but they can live in trees, but

634
00:34:03,320 --> 00:34:06,760
Speaker 2: they really like it down there on the ground in

635
00:34:06,800 --> 00:34:11,680
Speaker 2: that sort of moist outer layer of decaying plant matter.

636
00:34:12,560 --> 00:34:16,360
Speaker 2: They're pretty active at night because things can get wetter overnight,

637
00:34:16,440 --> 00:34:17,799
Speaker 2: as we know, like when you wake up with like

638
00:34:17,840 --> 00:34:20,839
Speaker 2: morning dew and stuff like that. So they're just down

639
00:34:20,880 --> 00:34:24,040
Speaker 2: there on the ground sometimes eating meat and other snails

640
00:34:24,120 --> 00:34:27,240
Speaker 2: and other eggs. But generally what they're doing is eating

641
00:34:27,280 --> 00:34:30,839
Speaker 2: and munching down on that either decaying plant matter, or

642
00:34:31,880 --> 00:34:34,080
Speaker 2: if you have a garden, they will also munch down

643
00:34:34,080 --> 00:34:35,760
Speaker 2: on your nice new fresh plants.

644
00:34:35,840 --> 00:34:38,120
Speaker 1: Yeah, and as we'll see that, they run a foul

645
00:34:38,160 --> 00:34:41,879
Speaker 1: of gardeners for that reason. But just hold your horse

646
00:34:41,920 --> 00:34:45,600
Speaker 1: as gardeners, put your rubber mallets away for a second

647
00:34:45,760 --> 00:34:48,000
Speaker 1: until we get to that part and talk you out

648
00:34:48,000 --> 00:34:50,920
Speaker 1: of it. But in that leaf litter layer, they do

649
00:34:50,960 --> 00:34:56,600
Speaker 1: a lot of really important stuff they are in charge of,

650
00:34:56,600 --> 00:35:02,280
Speaker 1: like recycling plant matter, decay stuff. They love decaying everything

651
00:35:03,280 --> 00:35:06,080
Speaker 1: in addition to live plants to they love dead plants.

652
00:35:06,400 --> 00:35:09,799
Speaker 1: And when they're doing that, they're like recycling nutrients. They

653
00:35:09,840 --> 00:35:12,479
Speaker 1: eat that stuff, they break it down and they poop

654
00:35:12,520 --> 00:35:15,840
Speaker 1: it out, and that means it's bioavailable in the soil

655
00:35:15,920 --> 00:35:18,400
Speaker 1: for plants to use, for other animals to come along

656
00:35:18,440 --> 00:35:20,440
Speaker 1: and like that, like to lick the dirt, that kind

657
00:35:20,480 --> 00:35:23,640
Speaker 1: of thing. They also are really important in the food

658
00:35:23,680 --> 00:35:29,719
Speaker 1: web because calcium is not really easy necessarily to come

659
00:35:29,760 --> 00:35:33,920
Speaker 1: by in food, at least if you're like a small

660
00:35:34,040 --> 00:35:36,360
Speaker 1: like an invertbrate or a mammal or something like that.

661
00:35:37,080 --> 00:35:39,760
Speaker 1: If you eat a snail shell, you get a burst

662
00:35:39,760 --> 00:35:43,560
Speaker 1: of calcium, so that snailshell is really important. And then

663
00:35:43,560 --> 00:35:46,200
Speaker 1: they're also chok full of protein themselves. So they're like

664
00:35:46,239 --> 00:35:49,319
Speaker 1: a really important part of any food web in the

665
00:35:49,400 --> 00:35:50,719
Speaker 1: ecosystem that they live in.

666
00:35:51,680 --> 00:35:54,560
Speaker 2: Yeah, they're also moving stuff around down there. I mean,

667
00:35:55,880 --> 00:35:58,279
Speaker 2: plant matter in that outer layer that just sits and

668
00:35:58,320 --> 00:36:02,360
Speaker 2: sits isn't great. But if they're if you've got thousands

669
00:36:02,400 --> 00:36:05,560
Speaker 2: of snails moving around through it, it's gonna help drainage out.

670
00:36:05,640 --> 00:36:09,960
Speaker 2: It's going to help keep distributing those nutrients if there's

671
00:36:10,160 --> 00:36:13,200
Speaker 2: you know, it can help move dirt and clay even important.

672
00:36:13,680 --> 00:36:15,919
Speaker 2: All that stuff is great. And they can actually help

673
00:36:15,960 --> 00:36:20,960
Speaker 2: pollinate too. Some of them are nighttime pollinators. They get

674
00:36:20,960 --> 00:36:24,200
Speaker 2: in there with that plant nectar, they eat that stuff

675
00:36:24,239 --> 00:36:25,719
Speaker 2: and then they poop that out as well.

676
00:36:25,800 --> 00:36:29,160
Speaker 1: Yeah, pretty crazy. I had no idea that they were pollinators.

677
00:36:29,160 --> 00:36:30,880
Speaker 1: It just makes them even more important, you know what

678
00:36:30,920 --> 00:36:34,160
Speaker 1: I mean totally. So I think, Chuck, we take a

679
00:36:34,200 --> 00:36:36,200
Speaker 1: break and then we come back and talk about why

680
00:36:36,280 --> 00:36:38,440
Speaker 1: you should leave the snails alone. How about that.

681
00:36:39,160 --> 00:36:39,680
Speaker 2: Let's do it.

682
00:37:04,520 --> 00:37:08,839
Speaker 1: So one thing that we said earlier, Chuck, was that

683
00:37:09,239 --> 00:37:12,439
Speaker 1: snails run a foul of gardeners, and the reason why

684
00:37:12,480 --> 00:37:14,960
Speaker 1: is because they will, I mean, they will eat a

685
00:37:14,960 --> 00:37:18,360
Speaker 1: lot of plants. The Burgundy snail also known as the

686
00:37:18,480 --> 00:37:21,680
Speaker 1: Roman snail, the one that's mostly used for s cargo

687
00:37:21,760 --> 00:37:26,400
Speaker 1: these days. They weigh twenty gramsish as an adult, but

688
00:37:26,480 --> 00:37:30,080
Speaker 1: they'll eat six grams of plant matter in a day. Yeah,

689
00:37:30,120 --> 00:37:32,520
Speaker 1: you have a bunch of burgundy snails running around your garden.

690
00:37:32,560 --> 00:37:35,280
Speaker 1: They're gonna eat your hostas, they're gonna eat your seedlings.

691
00:37:35,480 --> 00:37:38,759
Speaker 1: They're going to tick you off. And so there's a

692
00:37:38,800 --> 00:37:43,040
Speaker 1: lot of a lot of animosity that gardeners have towards

693
00:37:43,080 --> 00:37:47,600
Speaker 1: snails and slugs too, and so they people have been

694
00:37:47,640 --> 00:37:49,680
Speaker 1: trying things to get rid of snails for a very

695
00:37:49,680 --> 00:37:52,480
Speaker 1: long time. The problem is number one, you don't actually

696
00:37:52,520 --> 00:37:56,600
Speaker 1: want to get rid of snails, especially native snails or

697
00:37:56,640 --> 00:38:00,800
Speaker 1: common garden snails. And number two, the meta that's typically

698
00:38:00,880 --> 00:38:05,480
Speaker 1: used are chemical and they can harm other life as well. Yeah,

699
00:38:05,520 --> 00:38:07,920
Speaker 1: so there's you basically want to leave the snails alone

700
00:38:07,960 --> 00:38:09,320
Speaker 1: as much as possible.

701
00:38:10,360 --> 00:38:14,919
Speaker 2: Yeah. There is some information here that Allison got from

702
00:38:14,920 --> 00:38:19,960
Speaker 2: the Royal Horticultural Society in Britain, and they say, you know,

703
00:38:20,120 --> 00:38:22,840
Speaker 2: don't use chemical pesticides please, Like, if you want to

704
00:38:22,840 --> 00:38:24,920
Speaker 2: get rid of your snails, you can try and do

705
00:38:25,000 --> 00:38:31,160
Speaker 2: so naturally by introducing predators. I guess you know, you

706
00:38:31,320 --> 00:38:33,239
Speaker 2: throw a bunch of garden beetles out there and see

707
00:38:33,280 --> 00:38:36,799
Speaker 2: what happens. Just say, whoever whoever walks out of here

708
00:38:36,800 --> 00:38:39,759
Speaker 2: alive is, you know, deserves to live. It's like the

709
00:38:40,200 --> 00:38:44,000
Speaker 2: Thunderdome exactly. To enter one leaves.

710
00:38:44,360 --> 00:38:46,200
Speaker 1: As a matter of fact, if you're bored, just go

711
00:38:46,200 --> 00:38:49,799
Speaker 1: ahead and build a small scale replica up the thunderdome

712
00:38:49,840 --> 00:38:51,960
Speaker 1: and put the snail in the beetle in you.

713
00:38:52,719 --> 00:38:56,080
Speaker 2: That's right, But then you have to act like Tina

714
00:38:56,120 --> 00:39:01,399
Speaker 2: Turner and use that voice when he raggedy snail. That's

715
00:39:01,440 --> 00:39:02,399
Speaker 2: what you would have to call it.

716
00:39:03,680 --> 00:39:06,680
Speaker 1: That was a great impression, by the way, Chuck, thank you.

717
00:39:06,760 --> 00:39:10,520
Speaker 1: In addition to putting them in a death match against beetles,

718
00:39:11,480 --> 00:39:13,000
Speaker 1: you can go pick them out yourself. If you go

719
00:39:13,040 --> 00:39:16,040
Speaker 1: out at night with the flashlight, you can pick pick

720
00:39:16,120 --> 00:39:17,720
Speaker 1: up plenty of snails.

721
00:39:18,120 --> 00:39:20,359
Speaker 2: The thing is you put them in your neighbor's guard.

722
00:39:20,480 --> 00:39:23,719
Speaker 1: Yeah, exactly, Especially if they're a jerk hosta grower, they

723
00:39:23,719 --> 00:39:26,279
Speaker 1: will really drive them crazy. Now what you want to

724
00:39:26,280 --> 00:39:28,239
Speaker 1: do is put them on your compost pile, because again,

725
00:39:28,280 --> 00:39:31,399
Speaker 1: they like decaying stuff and they're really useful, so they'll

726
00:39:31,440 --> 00:39:35,680
Speaker 1: be pretty happy there. And you can also trap them

727
00:39:35,719 --> 00:39:38,759
Speaker 1: by carving out like melons or grapefruit or something like that,

728
00:39:38,800 --> 00:39:41,080
Speaker 1: and they'll be attracted to that, and it's just basically

729
00:39:41,120 --> 00:39:43,239
Speaker 1: acts as a trap. You just throw it back on

730
00:39:43,320 --> 00:39:45,560
Speaker 1: your compost pile the next day and there you go.

731
00:39:46,520 --> 00:39:46,960
Speaker 2: All right.

732
00:39:48,160 --> 00:39:53,920
Speaker 1: Some people do, say you some people still use pesticides

733
00:39:54,719 --> 00:39:59,560
Speaker 1: if you're if you're organic, use feric phosphate, which interrupts

734
00:39:59,560 --> 00:40:02,640
Speaker 1: their abilit to digest so they die of starvation in

735
00:40:02,680 --> 00:40:07,319
Speaker 1: a few days. There's another one called metaldehyde that is

736
00:40:07,400 --> 00:40:12,760
Speaker 1: hardcore stuff. It desiccates them. They end up dehydrating to death,

737
00:40:13,280 --> 00:40:16,080
Speaker 1: and it's banned in the EU because they consider it

738
00:40:16,320 --> 00:40:20,960
Speaker 1: unacceptably harmful to birds and mammals. Of course, here in

739
00:40:20,960 --> 00:40:22,680
Speaker 1: the US you can use it as much as you like.

740
00:40:23,360 --> 00:40:23,920
Speaker 2: Of course you can.

741
00:40:24,000 --> 00:40:26,840
Speaker 1: And they use it for the giant African land snail

742
00:40:26,880 --> 00:40:30,520
Speaker 1: in particular, because again metaldehyde is hardcore stuff, and it

743
00:40:30,560 --> 00:40:34,000
Speaker 1: turns out that the giant African land snail is hardcore snail.

744
00:40:35,080 --> 00:40:37,879
Speaker 2: Yeah, it's a hard core snail obviously would be an

745
00:40:37,880 --> 00:40:42,560
Speaker 2: invasive species here in North America. These are the big ones,

746
00:40:42,560 --> 00:40:45,359
Speaker 2: the one that look like a bunny. I thought they

747
00:40:45,360 --> 00:40:48,759
Speaker 2: can be eight inches long. They eat more than five

748
00:40:48,840 --> 00:40:53,400
Speaker 2: hundred species of plant. They will eat everything in their paths,

749
00:40:54,120 --> 00:40:57,400
Speaker 2: including in Florida. They're a real problem in Florida. Apparently

750
00:40:58,040 --> 00:41:00,960
Speaker 2: they will eat the stucco off your house to get

751
00:41:01,000 --> 00:41:05,160
Speaker 2: more calcium, and they can pass disease along to people

752
00:41:05,600 --> 00:41:10,839
Speaker 2: and animals. Youah, rat lungworm, Yeah, meningitis. I've seen that there.

753
00:41:11,760 --> 00:41:14,960
Speaker 2: They can carry a host of parasites, or they can

754
00:41:15,080 --> 00:41:19,000
Speaker 2: host a host of parasites, some of which will is

755
00:41:19,520 --> 00:41:22,680
Speaker 2: you know, good for the snail because it keeps animals

756
00:41:22,719 --> 00:41:25,719
Speaker 2: from eating them, So it's like a defense mechanism, right,

757
00:41:26,040 --> 00:41:28,560
Speaker 2: But that can be harmful to people at times as well.

758
00:41:29,480 --> 00:41:32,000
Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, you don't want rat long worm. Like you said,

759
00:41:32,000 --> 00:41:35,680
Speaker 1: it can create meningitis in humans. So it's best to

760
00:41:35,719 --> 00:41:38,200
Speaker 1: not really handle snails with your bare hands, and especially

761
00:41:38,520 --> 00:41:41,239
Speaker 1: don't eat the snail alive from your garden. That's a

762
00:41:41,280 --> 00:41:42,200
Speaker 1: really bad idea.

763
00:41:43,239 --> 00:41:46,880
Speaker 2: Yeah, but people actually collect and I'm not sure if

764
00:41:46,880 --> 00:41:49,799
Speaker 2: that's how they got here, but people collect these, you know,

765
00:41:49,840 --> 00:41:53,840
Speaker 2: as an illegal pet, these giant African land snails.

766
00:41:53,880 --> 00:41:56,720
Speaker 1: That's my understanding that they were imported as illegal pets,

767
00:41:56,840 --> 00:41:58,840
Speaker 1: at least to south in the world.

768
00:41:59,120 --> 00:42:00,200
Speaker 2: Are people doing.

769
00:42:00,280 --> 00:42:03,240
Speaker 1: I don't know, but they also have been have shown

770
00:42:03,320 --> 00:42:07,120
Speaker 1: up in some other places, including Hawaii and Polynesia, and

771
00:42:07,840 --> 00:42:11,680
Speaker 1: somehow they got from Florida to these places, probably through

772
00:42:11,719 --> 00:42:17,360
Speaker 1: the illegal pet trade. And so, in just typical human

773
00:42:17,480 --> 00:42:21,759
Speaker 1: fashion in the fifties, people said, well, wait, there's this

774
00:42:22,400 --> 00:42:26,000
Speaker 1: snail called a rosy wolf snail, and it's a predator.

775
00:42:26,040 --> 00:42:29,719
Speaker 1: It's a little literal snail predator. It's just important bunch

776
00:42:29,760 --> 00:42:33,000
Speaker 1: of them to take care of this giant African land

777
00:42:33,000 --> 00:42:36,120
Speaker 1: snail because I'm sure nothing will possibly go wrong because

778
00:42:36,120 --> 00:42:39,040
Speaker 1: of this plan. It's foolproof. And that's what they did,

779
00:42:39,320 --> 00:42:41,880
Speaker 1: and as a result, Hawaii has lost almost all of

780
00:42:41,880 --> 00:42:45,760
Speaker 1: its native snail species in the wild because the rosy

781
00:42:45,760 --> 00:42:48,920
Speaker 1: wolf snail was like, I'd just rather eat these other

782
00:42:49,000 --> 00:42:51,520
Speaker 1: kinds of snails than leave the giant African snail alone.

783
00:42:52,000 --> 00:42:56,359
Speaker 2: Yeah, these things are pretty creepy, though. I imagine there's got

784
00:42:56,400 --> 00:43:00,319
Speaker 2: to be some kind of nat geo video of the

785
00:43:00,400 --> 00:43:05,480
Speaker 2: wolf snail, like, you know, following its prey because for

786
00:43:05,560 --> 00:43:09,280
Speaker 2: a snail, they're moving pretty fast. Yeah, when they're tracking something,

787
00:43:09,320 --> 00:43:12,960
Speaker 2: they go double to triple their normal speed. They will

788
00:43:12,960 --> 00:43:16,239
Speaker 2: go up a tree after something. They will go underwater

789
00:43:16,520 --> 00:43:18,960
Speaker 2: after something for a little while until they need to

790
00:43:19,000 --> 00:43:21,640
Speaker 2: come up. It seems like they're just tenacious little fellas

791
00:43:22,040 --> 00:43:24,680
Speaker 2: and they will go after something until they catch it.

792
00:43:25,160 --> 00:43:28,320
Speaker 1: Yeah, and they like to swallow other snails whole, including

793
00:43:28,360 --> 00:43:28,840
Speaker 1: their shell.

794
00:43:29,239 --> 00:43:29,520
Speaker 2: Wow.

795
00:43:29,560 --> 00:43:33,440
Speaker 1: And there's a malacologist named Harry g Lee who dissected

796
00:43:33,480 --> 00:43:37,440
Speaker 1: a rosy wolf snail and found thirteen other snails shells

797
00:43:37,440 --> 00:43:38,520
Speaker 1: in its gut.

798
00:43:39,120 --> 00:43:42,560
Speaker 2: Yeah, that's a lot, a lot. It's like in a

799
00:43:42,600 --> 00:43:44,279
Speaker 2: Louisiana state license plate.

800
00:43:44,800 --> 00:43:47,960
Speaker 1: Yeah exactly. So, Yeah, you don't want these things on

801
00:43:48,000 --> 00:43:51,200
Speaker 1: your beautiful, pristine island. And once you bring them in,

802
00:43:51,239 --> 00:43:53,359
Speaker 1: they're going to cause all sorts of problems. And that's

803
00:43:53,360 --> 00:43:56,560
Speaker 1: what that Goodbye Snail video was about. It's definitely worth watching.

804
00:43:57,040 --> 00:44:00,680
Speaker 1: But the rosy wolf snail is definitely considered invasive. And

805
00:44:00,719 --> 00:44:03,719
Speaker 1: what I didn't know, Chuck, is the common garden snail,

806
00:44:04,280 --> 00:44:09,319
Speaker 1: the one we're so familiar with, is considered invasive in

807
00:44:09,480 --> 00:44:15,520
Speaker 1: the United States. Corn new espresso, that is the common

808
00:44:15,520 --> 00:44:18,480
Speaker 1: garden snail, and it was originally important because it was

809
00:44:18,520 --> 00:44:21,040
Speaker 1: the one that used to be es cargo, and some

810
00:44:21,080 --> 00:44:23,520
Speaker 1: of them escaped from farms and set up shop in

811
00:44:23,560 --> 00:44:26,520
Speaker 1: the wild. And now it's called the common garden snail

812
00:44:26,560 --> 00:44:28,759
Speaker 1: because it became so prolific.

813
00:44:29,640 --> 00:44:33,600
Speaker 2: Yeah, and they don't know when people started eating es cargo.

814
00:44:34,120 --> 00:44:36,919
Speaker 2: And I think es cargo is is the French name

815
00:44:37,239 --> 00:44:41,080
Speaker 2: for that edible snail. And also doubles is the name

816
00:44:41,080 --> 00:44:44,200
Speaker 2: of the dish.

817
00:44:42,840 --> 00:44:45,680
Speaker 1: Right, Yeah, yeah, I think you're right, like French things both.

818
00:44:46,120 --> 00:44:50,920
Speaker 2: Yeah, but you know, people like this stuff. It was always,

819
00:44:51,000 --> 00:44:52,839
Speaker 2: you know, growing up, you always heard about es cargo

820
00:44:53,040 --> 00:44:55,879
Speaker 2: was like this, you know, sort of as a as

821
00:44:55,920 --> 00:44:59,239
Speaker 2: a kid, the first fancy, weird food you'd heard of.

822
00:44:59,360 --> 00:45:02,920
Speaker 1: Probably do the wealthy have no bounds kind of.

823
00:45:04,800 --> 00:45:08,680
Speaker 2: Exactly. And then you know, we've got all signs. Should

824
00:45:08,680 --> 00:45:10,120
Speaker 2: we finish up with just a bunch of kind of

825
00:45:10,160 --> 00:45:15,920
Speaker 2: cool factoids, Yeah, for sure. Well. Jewelry. Snail shells have

826
00:45:16,040 --> 00:45:19,720
Speaker 2: always or have long been used as jewelry for humans,

827
00:45:19,719 --> 00:45:22,759
Speaker 2: as some of the oldest known human jewelry. They found

828
00:45:22,760 --> 00:45:27,040
Speaker 2: the stuff like necklaces and stuff made of sea snail

829
00:45:27,040 --> 00:45:29,680
Speaker 2: shells that date back like at least one hundred and

830
00:45:29,719 --> 00:45:30,600
Speaker 2: twenty thousand years.

831
00:45:30,840 --> 00:45:31,759
Speaker 1: That's nuts man.

832
00:45:32,239 --> 00:45:33,000
Speaker 2: Yeah, what else?

833
00:45:33,719 --> 00:45:36,640
Speaker 1: The author Patricia high Smith, who was a very interesting

834
00:45:36,680 --> 00:45:39,440
Speaker 1: person in her own right. She wrote The Strangers on

835
00:45:39,480 --> 00:45:42,799
Speaker 1: a Train and the Talented Mister Ripley novels. She was

836
00:45:42,840 --> 00:45:46,760
Speaker 1: a snail pal like the snail wrangler in that video

837
00:45:46,840 --> 00:45:49,680
Speaker 1: that I talked about, And like the snail wrangler in

838
00:45:49,680 --> 00:45:51,600
Speaker 1: that video that I talked about, she would go out

839
00:45:51,680 --> 00:45:55,080
Speaker 1: in public with her snails as companions. There's a story

840
00:45:55,080 --> 00:45:58,120
Speaker 1: of Patricia Highsmith at a party who was revealed to

841
00:45:58,160 --> 00:46:01,320
Speaker 1: have dozens of snails in her purse who she brought

842
00:46:01,480 --> 00:46:04,160
Speaker 1: so she'd have someone to talk to her snail friends.

843
00:46:04,640 --> 00:46:05,960
Speaker 2: Yeah, how about that?

844
00:46:06,760 --> 00:46:09,279
Speaker 1: How about that? That's what snail people do? Is that

845
00:46:09,360 --> 00:46:09,799
Speaker 1: kind of thing?

846
00:46:09,840 --> 00:46:13,360
Speaker 2: Yeah? Yeah. This is really interesting is they've been studying

847
00:46:13,520 --> 00:46:19,000
Speaker 2: how snails might help us figure out Alzheimer's disease. From

848
00:46:19,000 --> 00:46:21,120
Speaker 2: what I found is they've you know, we've talked about

849
00:46:21,160 --> 00:46:24,840
Speaker 2: Alzheimer's before, which is when you have these amyloid plaque

850
00:46:24,840 --> 00:46:28,040
Speaker 2: build up or plaques I guess that build up on

851
00:46:28,080 --> 00:46:32,480
Speaker 2: the brain tissue, and they don't exactly know how it

852
00:46:32,560 --> 00:46:34,440
Speaker 2: causes memory loss, but this is what they're trying to

853
00:46:34,440 --> 00:46:37,520
Speaker 2: figure out what the snails. These plaques are formed from

854
00:46:37,520 --> 00:46:40,680
Speaker 2: a protein called amyloid beta, which we've talked about, or

855
00:46:40,760 --> 00:46:44,040
Speaker 2: a beta, and they have taken a beta and put

856
00:46:44,040 --> 00:46:48,440
Speaker 2: it on otherwise very healthy pond snails. I have no

857
00:46:48,560 --> 00:46:51,879
Speaker 2: idea why they chose, like why they thought the pond

858
00:46:51,880 --> 00:46:53,799
Speaker 2: snail was a good candidate to begin with.

859
00:46:54,120 --> 00:46:55,480
Speaker 1: Terrible lobbying group.

860
00:46:55,719 --> 00:46:58,360
Speaker 2: Maybe that's what it is. But they put this a

861
00:46:58,400 --> 00:47:01,359
Speaker 2: beta on these healthy ponds snails and within twenty four

862
00:47:01,400 --> 00:47:06,960
Speaker 2: hours they show evidence that they have harmed their memory basically,

863
00:47:07,560 --> 00:47:11,480
Speaker 2: but the finding is that they haven't found any damage

864
00:47:11,480 --> 00:47:14,520
Speaker 2: to the brain tissue, like no cell loss, no brain

865
00:47:14,560 --> 00:47:18,359
Speaker 2: tissue damage at all. So basically what they have sort

866
00:47:18,400 --> 00:47:20,920
Speaker 2: of you know the result of all that is that

867
00:47:20,960 --> 00:47:24,680
Speaker 2: ABTA by itself can trigger the memory loss and it's

868
00:47:24,719 --> 00:47:28,920
Speaker 2: not from like damage to the brain or like a deterioration.

869
00:47:28,239 --> 00:47:30,680
Speaker 1: Of the brain or the platte build up, right.

870
00:47:30,920 --> 00:47:34,719
Speaker 2: Yeah, exactly. They think it's like a specific pathway for

871
00:47:34,840 --> 00:47:37,719
Speaker 2: memory that's being damaged and the brain itself. Thank you

872
00:47:37,800 --> 00:47:40,360
Speaker 2: pond snails, I know it's amazing.

873
00:47:40,480 --> 00:47:42,080
Speaker 1: I also saw it goes the other way too, that

874
00:47:42,120 --> 00:47:45,480
Speaker 1: the common garden snails mucus has been found to be

875
00:47:45,560 --> 00:47:51,680
Speaker 1: bioactive as an anti inflammatory, antioxidant and anti apoptic, which

876
00:47:51,719 --> 00:47:55,919
Speaker 1: means it prevents cell death. Oh wow, so they think

877
00:47:55,960 --> 00:47:58,560
Speaker 1: that they are figuring out how to turn that into

878
00:47:58,600 --> 00:48:01,680
Speaker 1: a drug to treat Alzheimer's. So snails are just coming

879
00:48:01,719 --> 00:48:04,520
Speaker 1: at us with the one two punch to battle Alzheimer's disease.

880
00:48:05,000 --> 00:48:06,880
Speaker 2: Yeah, God blessed love it.

881
00:48:07,040 --> 00:48:11,160
Speaker 1: Speaking of God bless them, if you're subscribe to the

882
00:48:11,160 --> 00:48:15,000
Speaker 1: West African Yoruba religion, you would say God bless the

883
00:48:15,040 --> 00:48:18,719
Speaker 1: snail because they're associated with Obatala, the sky Father, as

884
00:48:18,760 --> 00:48:23,120
Speaker 1: well as the Arisha's collective deities, to whom the land snail,

885
00:48:23,200 --> 00:48:26,280
Speaker 1: the giant African land snail in particular, is sacred.

886
00:48:26,520 --> 00:48:28,399
Speaker 2: I gotta read this last thing. This is the only

887
00:48:28,520 --> 00:48:33,800
Speaker 2: last thing I got. Okay, this Nigerian snail recipe. Yeah,

888
00:48:33,880 --> 00:48:36,399
Speaker 2: I'm not in to eat snails. They call this congo meat.

889
00:48:37,760 --> 00:48:43,279
Speaker 2: It's got red pepper, habnio's okay, garlic, onion, and then

890
00:48:43,320 --> 00:48:47,080
Speaker 2: a season with cayenne and ground crayfish.

891
00:48:47,719 --> 00:48:49,440
Speaker 1: Yeah, you lost me at Hobin Euro But it does

892
00:48:49,480 --> 00:48:52,440
Speaker 1: sound extremely interesting. I would try it. I'd just be like,

893
00:48:52,480 --> 00:48:54,120
Speaker 1: can you leave the hobbin Niro out.

894
00:48:54,480 --> 00:48:58,399
Speaker 2: Too hot, too hot, Yeah, too hot for the hot

895
00:48:58,440 --> 00:48:59,719
Speaker 2: top Yeah.

896
00:48:59,560 --> 00:49:03,919
Speaker 1: Too hot tv uh huh. So I've got one more thing, chuck,

897
00:49:04,239 --> 00:49:07,840
Speaker 1: let's hear it. There is a weird thing that started

898
00:49:07,880 --> 00:49:10,880
Speaker 1: popping up at the end of the thirteenth century in

899
00:49:11,000 --> 00:49:16,040
Speaker 1: northern France. If you look through illuminated manuscripts, meaning manuscripts

900
00:49:16,080 --> 00:49:18,560
Speaker 1: that have the doodles in the margins and all that,

901
00:49:18,680 --> 00:49:22,280
Speaker 1: like a map magazine, yeah, you will start to notice

902
00:49:22,320 --> 00:49:26,239
Speaker 1: there are pictures of nights battling giant snails.

903
00:49:26,280 --> 00:49:28,160
Speaker 2: Oh yeah, that's so interesting.

904
00:49:28,360 --> 00:49:31,160
Speaker 1: And they It lasted for like one hundred or so years,

905
00:49:31,280 --> 00:49:33,759
Speaker 1: is like a trend. It actually came back again for

906
00:49:33,800 --> 00:49:35,960
Speaker 1: a little while in the fifteenth century, and no one

907
00:49:36,000 --> 00:49:40,040
Speaker 1: has any idea what they were trying to say. One

908
00:49:40,120 --> 00:49:42,120
Speaker 1: of the theories is that it is just hilarious that

909
00:49:42,160 --> 00:49:44,439
Speaker 1: it was Menu's like kind of comic relief. While you're

910
00:49:44,480 --> 00:49:46,680
Speaker 1: reading like this kind of heavy text or whatever, you

911
00:49:46,719 --> 00:49:48,680
Speaker 1: just look over and you're like, that's a night battling

912
00:49:48,719 --> 00:49:50,000
Speaker 1: a snail, right.

913
00:49:50,120 --> 00:49:50,480
Speaker 2: Yeah.

914
00:49:50,600 --> 00:49:54,360
Speaker 1: Other people say that the snails symbolize something like superhuman

915
00:49:54,440 --> 00:49:56,880
Speaker 1: strength because they carry their house on their back. I

916
00:49:56,960 --> 00:49:58,840
Speaker 1: kind of pooh poo that one I like this the

917
00:49:58,880 --> 00:50:00,200
Speaker 1: comic relief one.

918
00:50:00,719 --> 00:50:02,920
Speaker 2: And people were just like, hey, this is funny. Look

919
00:50:02,960 --> 00:50:04,640
Speaker 2: at this. This night's fighting a snail.

920
00:50:04,760 --> 00:50:06,719
Speaker 1: Yeah, this will be good for a laugh, said the

921
00:50:06,760 --> 00:50:10,880
Speaker 1: medieval monk. Very interesting, I say so too. So if

922
00:50:10,920 --> 00:50:13,800
Speaker 1: you want to know more about snails, everybody, go forth

923
00:50:14,040 --> 00:50:16,520
Speaker 1: research them. You could do worse than watching the strange

924
00:50:16,520 --> 00:50:19,560
Speaker 1: and wonderful world of the Snail Wrangler. And goodbye snails.

925
00:50:19,719 --> 00:50:21,640
Speaker 1: And if you see a snail in your garden, and

926
00:50:21,880 --> 00:50:24,680
Speaker 1: especially if it's not doing anything to harm things, you

927
00:50:24,960 --> 00:50:27,840
Speaker 1: just tip your hat to it and say good day, snail.

928
00:50:28,239 --> 00:50:30,920
Speaker 1: You could be as much as five to ten years old.

929
00:50:31,880 --> 00:50:34,640
Speaker 1: That's right, Chuck said, that's right. This means it's time

930
00:50:34,680 --> 00:50:35,399
Speaker 1: for listener mail.

931
00:50:38,239 --> 00:50:41,080
Speaker 2: Yeah, we're going to do a correction. I wish we

932
00:50:41,080 --> 00:50:43,040
Speaker 2: could get this one out sooner because we're going to

933
00:50:43,160 --> 00:50:49,040
Speaker 2: continue to get emails about the Great isotope ion. My

934
00:50:49,200 --> 00:50:54,160
Speaker 2: goodness issue, which I didn't know is an issue. This

935
00:50:54,640 --> 00:50:55,799
Speaker 2: was we had a lot of them. But this is

936
00:50:55,840 --> 00:51:01,359
Speaker 2: from Nick Lufty, PhD student at UC Irvine, and Nick

937
00:51:01,680 --> 00:51:05,359
Speaker 2: is getting a PhD in quantum chemistry.

938
00:51:05,920 --> 00:51:09,160
Speaker 1: Oh wow, man, I want to hang out with you Nick.

939
00:51:10,680 --> 00:51:16,200
Speaker 2: And Nick listens with his wife Dinah, Hey, Dinah, and said,

940
00:51:16,280 --> 00:51:18,640
Speaker 2: can't wait till we're in town for a show. But

941
00:51:18,960 --> 00:51:21,520
Speaker 2: if you're at Irvine, I mean Irvine. How far is

942
00:51:21,520 --> 00:51:25,000
Speaker 2: that from San Francisco. I mean it's in the state

943
00:51:25,000 --> 00:51:26,839
Speaker 2: of California. So Scott to just be like an hour

944
00:51:26,880 --> 00:51:27,680
Speaker 2: away exactly.

945
00:51:27,719 --> 00:51:29,600
Speaker 1: Yeah, everything in California is an hour away.

946
00:51:30,160 --> 00:51:32,600
Speaker 2: Come see us. Hey, guys, wanted to offer a slight

947
00:51:32,600 --> 00:51:36,000
Speaker 2: correction about the periodic table. Don't hate me. When you

948
00:51:36,040 --> 00:51:39,480
Speaker 2: mentioned the different weighted averages being a result of different isotopes,

949
00:51:40,120 --> 00:51:42,080
Speaker 2: you mentioned that it is the loss or gain of

950
00:51:42,120 --> 00:51:46,520
Speaker 2: an electron that constitutes the different isotopes. This is actually incorrect.

951
00:51:46,800 --> 00:51:50,400
Speaker 2: What you've defined is an ion, not an isotope. It

952
00:51:50,440 --> 00:51:52,360
Speaker 2: is the varying number of neutrons that makes up the

953
00:51:52,360 --> 00:51:55,040
Speaker 2: different flavors of isotopes. This is the thing that makes

954
00:51:55,120 --> 00:51:58,040
Speaker 2: carbon dating possible. I love that episode. By the way.

955
00:51:58,920 --> 00:52:01,600
Speaker 2: Last thing, guys, mystry as a whole is a very

956
00:52:01,640 --> 00:52:05,080
Speaker 2: inaccessible branch of STEM. I hated it. I failed my

957
00:52:05,120 --> 00:52:08,520
Speaker 2: first che chemistry class in one day. Our professor was

958
00:52:08,560 --> 00:52:11,160
Speaker 2: out sick, and the chair of the chem department came

959
00:52:11,560 --> 00:52:13,480
Speaker 2: to sub in and she implored us to get a

960
00:52:13,520 --> 00:52:17,040
Speaker 2: PhD in chemistry. I said to myself, she must be nuts.

961
00:52:17,120 --> 00:52:20,960
Speaker 2: Here I am ten years later and I am clearly

962
00:52:21,160 --> 00:52:23,640
Speaker 2: the one who is nuts. The long and short of

963
00:52:23,640 --> 00:52:27,120
Speaker 2: this last bit is to never give up on science. Nice,

964
00:52:27,280 --> 00:52:30,600
Speaker 2: and that again is from Nick. I think it said lufty,

965
00:52:31,120 --> 00:52:32,680
Speaker 2: but it's actually lutfi.

966
00:52:33,680 --> 00:52:39,759
Speaker 1: Okay, like Chipotle chipolte. Yeah, that's right, Thanks a lot, Nick.

967
00:52:40,400 --> 00:52:43,440
Speaker 1: We'll call him nick L from now on. Yeah, that

968
00:52:43,560 --> 00:52:45,800
Speaker 1: was a great one. So everybody who wrote in to

969
00:52:45,880 --> 00:52:47,919
Speaker 1: let us know, we appreciate you for doing that because

970
00:52:47,960 --> 00:52:50,040
Speaker 1: we like to get things right and that was definitely

971
00:52:50,040 --> 00:52:52,280
Speaker 1: a slip up and it is something that we needed

972
00:52:52,280 --> 00:52:55,279
Speaker 1: to correct for sure. So good job Chuck picking that one.

973
00:52:55,760 --> 00:52:56,560
Speaker 2: Yeah.

974
00:52:56,719 --> 00:52:58,040
Speaker 1: Well, if you want to get in touch with us

975
00:52:58,040 --> 00:53:00,719
Speaker 1: and let us know we got something wronger something right,

976
00:53:00,880 --> 00:53:03,160
Speaker 1: or tell someone about yourself or your dog or your

977
00:53:03,200 --> 00:53:06,120
Speaker 1: pet goat doesn't matter, you can send it via email

978
00:53:06,280 --> 00:53:11,400
Speaker 1: to stuff podcast at iHeartRadio dot com.

979
00:53:12,520 --> 00:53:15,400
Speaker 2: Stuff you Should Know is a production of iHeartRadio. For

980
00:53:15,480 --> 00:53:19,680
Speaker 2: more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts,

981
00:53:19,800 --> 00:53:21,640
Speaker 2: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.