1 00:00:00,600 --> 00:00:03,800 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how 2 00:00:03,840 --> 00:00:13,880 Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot Com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:14,000 --> 00:00:16,920 Speaker 1: I'm editor kend his Keener, joined by a fellow editor, 4 00:00:17,000 --> 00:00:21,439 Speaker 1: Katie Lambert. Hi, Katie. We are going to be doing 5 00:00:21,480 --> 00:00:23,680 Speaker 1: something a little bit different for stuff you missed in 6 00:00:23,720 --> 00:00:27,640 Speaker 1: History class today. We don't usually begin the history lesson 7 00:00:27,880 --> 00:00:32,120 Speaker 1: with a reference to the Talmud or the Bible, but 8 00:00:32,520 --> 00:00:36,839 Speaker 1: we have an interesting facet of religious history that may 9 00:00:36,880 --> 00:00:41,960 Speaker 1: have influenced a piece of history, and in Prague during 10 00:00:41,960 --> 00:00:44,839 Speaker 1: a time when Jewish ghettos were very much alive and 11 00:00:44,920 --> 00:00:48,040 Speaker 1: a part of the city's landscape, and unfortunate, I should say, 12 00:00:48,120 --> 00:00:50,600 Speaker 1: part of the city's landscape. I don't know if y'all 13 00:00:50,600 --> 00:00:52,559 Speaker 1: have ever heard of a goal um. The first time 14 00:00:52,600 --> 00:00:55,240 Speaker 1: I came across on was reading the novel The Amazing 15 00:00:55,280 --> 00:01:01,080 Speaker 1: Adventures of Cavalier and Clay. But it's basically a soulless, 16 00:01:01,120 --> 00:01:05,040 Speaker 1: thoughtless lump of clay in the shape of a man 17 00:01:05,200 --> 00:01:09,640 Speaker 1: that's been animated with some sort of life force. And 18 00:01:09,840 --> 00:01:13,560 Speaker 1: the most famous golem is the golem of Prague. And 19 00:01:13,720 --> 00:01:17,120 Speaker 1: let's go back to sixteenth century Prague in the Jewish ghetto, 20 00:01:17,800 --> 00:01:21,959 Speaker 1: when there was lots of anti Semitic feelings, and there 21 00:01:21,959 --> 00:01:26,400 Speaker 1: were allegations of blood libel, which basically means that people 22 00:01:26,400 --> 00:01:30,160 Speaker 1: were saying the Jews were using the blood of Christians 23 00:01:30,240 --> 00:01:35,120 Speaker 1: and specifically Christian children in some of their religious ceremonies, 24 00:01:35,920 --> 00:01:39,880 Speaker 1: such as Passover during the Sader meal. In the sixteenth century, 25 00:01:39,959 --> 00:01:42,280 Speaker 1: one of the most famous rabbis who lived in Prague 26 00:01:42,319 --> 00:01:45,640 Speaker 1: was Rabbi Love and today he's very much revered for 27 00:01:45,760 --> 00:01:49,840 Speaker 1: his scholarly contributions to the Jewish community. Was a very 28 00:01:49,840 --> 00:01:54,640 Speaker 1: prolific writer, wrote some twenty seven different books about Jewish philosophy, 29 00:01:55,040 --> 00:02:00,120 Speaker 1: Jewish mysticism, and helped propagate ideas about the id you 30 00:02:00,120 --> 00:02:04,320 Speaker 1: have Jewish exile and Zionism, and really instilled in the 31 00:02:04,400 --> 00:02:06,840 Speaker 1: Jewish people who were forced to live in the ghettos 32 00:02:06,680 --> 00:02:10,280 Speaker 1: a sense of hope and a sense of purpose despite 33 00:02:10,280 --> 00:02:12,919 Speaker 1: the fact that they were being shut out of society 34 00:02:13,160 --> 00:02:16,040 Speaker 1: and met with such opposition from the rest of Prague. 35 00:02:16,200 --> 00:02:19,480 Speaker 1: And in the fifteen hundreds, it wasn't just anti Jewish feeling. 36 00:02:19,680 --> 00:02:22,880 Speaker 1: There were violent attacks, there were programs on the Jewish 37 00:02:22,919 --> 00:02:25,760 Speaker 1: people and basically they were in need of a protector. 38 00:02:26,520 --> 00:02:30,920 Speaker 1: And the story goes that Rabbi Lev created a golem. 39 00:02:30,919 --> 00:02:33,400 Speaker 1: I believe with some members of his family he did. 40 00:02:33,800 --> 00:02:36,840 Speaker 1: And this is where history turns a little bit to 41 00:02:37,320 --> 00:02:40,240 Speaker 1: legend and folklore. So you'll have to pardon us on 42 00:02:40,360 --> 00:02:44,119 Speaker 1: this tangent into semi history, and then we'll get back 43 00:02:44,160 --> 00:02:47,440 Speaker 1: to the facts. So, acording to legend, Rabbi Lev and 44 00:02:47,480 --> 00:02:50,119 Speaker 1: his son in law and his best student set out 45 00:02:50,160 --> 00:02:54,040 Speaker 1: to create a golem which would be designed automaton that 46 00:02:54,120 --> 00:02:57,919 Speaker 1: it was to protect the Jewish people of Prague. And 47 00:02:58,000 --> 00:03:00,400 Speaker 1: the reason that Love chose son in law and the 48 00:03:00,440 --> 00:03:03,000 Speaker 1: student was because they embodied the different elements that were 49 00:03:03,080 --> 00:03:06,959 Speaker 1: necessary to make a golem. Love had the element of air, 50 00:03:07,360 --> 00:03:11,080 Speaker 1: the son in law fire, and the student water, and 51 00:03:11,120 --> 00:03:14,320 Speaker 1: those together with the clay used to make the body 52 00:03:14,320 --> 00:03:18,240 Speaker 1: of the golem, and pure virgin spring water would have 53 00:03:18,600 --> 00:03:21,679 Speaker 1: brought it to life. And I believe legend goes that 54 00:03:22,160 --> 00:03:25,480 Speaker 1: Rabbi levd used his knowledge of Kabbalah to make the 55 00:03:25,520 --> 00:03:29,280 Speaker 1: golem come alive by I think writing one of the 56 00:03:29,360 --> 00:03:32,160 Speaker 1: names of God on a piece of paper. Well, and 57 00:03:32,280 --> 00:03:35,520 Speaker 1: it seems that there's different ways from what I understand 58 00:03:35,520 --> 00:03:38,560 Speaker 1: of what I've read about the very intense mtical and 59 00:03:38,640 --> 00:03:41,640 Speaker 1: spiritual process behind creating a golem. It seems like there's 60 00:03:41,680 --> 00:03:44,560 Speaker 1: a couple of different ways when it could be created. 61 00:03:44,720 --> 00:03:47,760 Speaker 1: Like you mentioned um, putting sacred words on a piece 62 00:03:47,800 --> 00:03:50,400 Speaker 1: of paper and attaching it to the golems forehead would 63 00:03:50,440 --> 00:03:53,640 Speaker 1: have brought it to life. In one version of the 64 00:03:53,720 --> 00:03:56,360 Speaker 1: story I read, they circled the body of the golem 65 00:03:56,440 --> 00:04:01,160 Speaker 1: seven times and enchanted sacred words. And other sources say 66 00:04:01,160 --> 00:04:05,960 Speaker 1: that there's a special type of alphabet that's resided in 67 00:04:06,000 --> 00:04:10,880 Speaker 1: accordance with the sacred name of God, and there's an 68 00:04:10,960 --> 00:04:14,200 Speaker 1: activasation word that brings the golem to life. One of 69 00:04:14,240 --> 00:04:17,599 Speaker 1: the more common legends, I think is that the word 70 00:04:17,640 --> 00:04:22,200 Speaker 1: truth it wasn't inscribed on the golem's forehead, right, and 71 00:04:22,240 --> 00:04:24,400 Speaker 1: to be clear, at the legend attributed to the golem 72 00:04:24,480 --> 00:04:28,000 Speaker 1: of Prague. Of course, you get into a very great 73 00:04:28,080 --> 00:04:32,000 Speaker 1: area when you start talking about religious tenants, because some 74 00:04:32,040 --> 00:04:33,960 Speaker 1: people may hold those to be true and others may 75 00:04:33,960 --> 00:04:36,599 Speaker 1: not ascribe to that particular religion. But in the case 76 00:04:36,600 --> 00:04:39,239 Speaker 1: that the Golem of Prague, that's part of the legend 77 00:04:39,240 --> 00:04:41,520 Speaker 1: that the word truth was the activasition word used to 78 00:04:41,560 --> 00:04:45,479 Speaker 1: bring this golem to life, and after the golem came 79 00:04:45,520 --> 00:04:50,719 Speaker 1: to life, he set about, it's said about taking care 80 00:04:50,800 --> 00:04:53,200 Speaker 1: of the Jewish people. Um it was said that he 81 00:04:53,240 --> 00:04:57,640 Speaker 1: could be invisible and raise up spirits from the dead 82 00:04:57,839 --> 00:05:02,039 Speaker 1: to help protect the people and to clear their good name, 83 00:05:02,279 --> 00:05:05,520 Speaker 1: because there were many instances of the Jewish people being 84 00:05:05,640 --> 00:05:09,159 Speaker 1: scapegoaded by by members of the city who would bring 85 00:05:09,400 --> 00:05:12,320 Speaker 1: dead Christian children into the ghettos to make it look 86 00:05:12,320 --> 00:05:14,400 Speaker 1: like the blood libel was true that they were killing 87 00:05:14,440 --> 00:05:19,320 Speaker 1: these Christian children. But eventually the golem somehow went bad 88 00:05:19,720 --> 00:05:23,760 Speaker 1: and went on some sort of a rampage and started 89 00:05:23,760 --> 00:05:26,280 Speaker 1: actually menacing the Jewish people who was supposed to protect 90 00:05:26,320 --> 00:05:28,880 Speaker 1: as well as everyone else in Prague. And so rab 91 00:05:28,880 --> 00:05:33,120 Speaker 1: I Love of course, was forced to deactivate, for lack 92 00:05:33,120 --> 00:05:35,120 Speaker 1: of a better word, take the life force out of 93 00:05:35,160 --> 00:05:38,880 Speaker 1: the golm. And according to legend, he took the life 94 00:05:38,920 --> 00:05:41,120 Speaker 1: force from the goalm away and then put him in 95 00:05:41,160 --> 00:05:45,719 Speaker 1: the attic of the synagogue, the old New Synagogue in Prague, 96 00:05:45,800 --> 00:05:48,680 Speaker 1: which still stands today. Here we are crossing again from 97 00:05:48,720 --> 00:05:51,279 Speaker 1: the realm of legend back into history. So follow me 98 00:05:51,320 --> 00:05:54,159 Speaker 1: if you will, back in history now. Great, So the 99 00:05:54,160 --> 00:05:57,800 Speaker 1: old New Synagogue still stands today, and no one's allowed 100 00:05:57,800 --> 00:06:00,760 Speaker 1: into the attic. We don't know what's there, but people 101 00:06:00,839 --> 00:06:03,400 Speaker 1: still go to Prague looking for the golem, much like 102 00:06:03,560 --> 00:06:09,520 Speaker 1: they go looking for coughca souvenirs. Very nice, and there's 103 00:06:09,600 --> 00:06:12,600 Speaker 1: some merchants in Prague who have made a living out 104 00:06:12,640 --> 00:06:16,839 Speaker 1: of popularizing the figure of the golem, Golem dolls, restaurants 105 00:06:16,920 --> 00:06:20,200 Speaker 1: named after the golem, golem tours, things like this. People 106 00:06:20,240 --> 00:06:25,160 Speaker 1: are very curious about it. But it's unfortunate for serious 107 00:06:25,160 --> 00:06:29,039 Speaker 1: scholars in the Jewish community that Lev's name is associated 108 00:06:29,080 --> 00:06:32,200 Speaker 1: with the Golem of Prague, because he likely had nothing 109 00:06:32,240 --> 00:06:34,520 Speaker 1: to do with the legend, and the legend is likely 110 00:06:34,720 --> 00:06:38,520 Speaker 1: just that legendary. The legend came about. I don't even 111 00:06:38,520 --> 00:06:41,560 Speaker 1: think the golem was attached to Rabbi Lev's name until 112 00:06:41,600 --> 00:06:44,520 Speaker 1: what the eighteen hundreds, yeah, two hundred years after his 113 00:06:44,600 --> 00:06:47,280 Speaker 1: death in eighty seven. Well, the funny thing was that 114 00:06:47,400 --> 00:06:51,240 Speaker 1: rabbis of the time were actually supposedly trying to make golems, 115 00:06:51,240 --> 00:06:54,480 Speaker 1: but not Rabbi Lev. No, he was more known for 116 00:06:54,520 --> 00:06:58,840 Speaker 1: the aforementioned facts of his scholarly pursuits into philosophy and mysticism. 117 00:06:58,839 --> 00:07:02,240 Speaker 1: So who was it exactly clean started putting his name 118 00:07:02,400 --> 00:07:04,719 Speaker 1: with the Golem of Prague. I'm not quite sure that 119 00:07:04,760 --> 00:07:09,000 Speaker 1: I can put a name with that person, but I 120 00:07:09,040 --> 00:07:11,400 Speaker 1: do know. Like I said, in seven a book of 121 00:07:11,440 --> 00:07:15,240 Speaker 1: Jewish folklore came out that attributed Love to the Golem 122 00:07:15,240 --> 00:07:18,800 Speaker 1: of Prague. And because Love was so well respected in 123 00:07:18,840 --> 00:07:21,120 Speaker 1: the Jewish community, he would have been very well known 124 00:07:21,240 --> 00:07:23,840 Speaker 1: and very famous for his time. And so it's likely 125 00:07:23,880 --> 00:07:27,760 Speaker 1: that the person putting together this compilation of folklore said, well, 126 00:07:27,800 --> 00:07:30,320 Speaker 1: the Golm's pretty famous, so is Love. They must be 127 00:07:30,640 --> 00:07:33,880 Speaker 1: connected somehow, when in fact they were not. But that's 128 00:07:33,920 --> 00:07:36,760 Speaker 1: not to say that the legend of the Golem has 129 00:07:36,800 --> 00:07:41,680 Speaker 1: an influenced popular culture in the arts today, because it 130 00:07:41,720 --> 00:07:44,560 Speaker 1: has in very strange and interesting ways. The golem has 131 00:07:44,560 --> 00:07:46,960 Speaker 1: actually appeared on The Simpsons, in case you were wondering, 132 00:07:47,240 --> 00:07:50,720 Speaker 1: And in nineteen twenties German silent films, the golem appeared 133 00:07:50,720 --> 00:07:55,520 Speaker 1: as this lumbering monstrous figure, and some sources say that 134 00:07:55,520 --> 00:07:59,920 Speaker 1: that type of lumbering automaton went on to influence Frankenstein's Monster. 135 00:08:00,560 --> 00:08:02,720 Speaker 1: I watched a clip of that silent film. Actually today 136 00:08:02,760 --> 00:08:04,760 Speaker 1: you can find little bits of it on YouTube. Good 137 00:08:04,760 --> 00:08:08,600 Speaker 1: to know. It's also good to know that the golem 138 00:08:08,720 --> 00:08:14,200 Speaker 1: persists as this type of legendary savior who can rescue 139 00:08:14,200 --> 00:08:18,040 Speaker 1: the world from its darkest hour, not unlike King Arthur. 140 00:08:18,520 --> 00:08:20,560 Speaker 1: You know, I guess that's the closest corollary I can 141 00:08:20,560 --> 00:08:23,360 Speaker 1: think of. But we discussed King Arthur in a podcast 142 00:08:23,440 --> 00:08:25,880 Speaker 1: a while ago, and we talked about that when the 143 00:08:25,920 --> 00:08:29,320 Speaker 1: world reaches that point where it just can't be turned 144 00:08:29,360 --> 00:08:32,679 Speaker 1: back to good, King Arthur will come and set things right. 145 00:08:33,120 --> 00:08:36,120 Speaker 1: And part of the legend of the Golem that persists 146 00:08:36,320 --> 00:08:38,960 Speaker 1: is that when we're in our darkest hour, the Golem 147 00:08:38,960 --> 00:08:43,319 Speaker 1: will return and I guess walk the streets menacingly until 148 00:08:43,320 --> 00:08:45,520 Speaker 1: things are good again. And The New York Times r 149 00:08:45,600 --> 00:08:50,000 Speaker 1: in an article earlier this month about the Golem coming 150 00:08:50,040 --> 00:08:52,920 Speaker 1: back in this time of crisis, and they quoted a 151 00:08:52,960 --> 00:08:56,240 Speaker 1: derivatives trader, Jacob Roth, who's also a prominent member of 152 00:08:56,240 --> 00:09:01,160 Speaker 1: the Jewish community, who explained that the one protects from, 153 00:09:01,440 --> 00:09:07,040 Speaker 1: to quote him, global recession, Islamic fundamentalism, Russian aggression. It 154 00:09:07,040 --> 00:09:09,080 Speaker 1: wouldn't be out of left field to say that these 155 00:09:09,120 --> 00:09:12,360 Speaker 1: types of conditions are right for the Golem to come back. 156 00:09:12,679 --> 00:09:15,000 Speaker 1: And he's certainly suggesting that the world is in a 157 00:09:15,040 --> 00:09:18,400 Speaker 1: place now that it could use a golem. But you've 158 00:09:18,480 --> 00:09:21,000 Speaker 1: raised a question to me earlier, Katie, when we were 159 00:09:21,000 --> 00:09:22,880 Speaker 1: talking about the golem, that made a lot of sense, 160 00:09:23,480 --> 00:09:27,800 Speaker 1: because by definition, the golem takes instruction very literally, and 161 00:09:27,880 --> 00:09:32,760 Speaker 1: unless it has that guiding force, what would happen? Well, exactly, 162 00:09:32,800 --> 00:09:36,400 Speaker 1: And it's not a messiah that just comes. It's something 163 00:09:36,440 --> 00:09:40,640 Speaker 1: that the people of a community create and give life to, 164 00:09:40,960 --> 00:09:44,199 Speaker 1: and then give direction to. Even if the golem, the 165 00:09:44,240 --> 00:09:47,000 Speaker 1: Golem of Prague was said to have gone on its 166 00:09:47,040 --> 00:09:51,439 Speaker 1: murderous rampage, that's not generally what golems do. Know, And 167 00:09:51,640 --> 00:09:53,000 Speaker 1: I guess the part of the legend where I'm a 168 00:09:53,040 --> 00:09:57,440 Speaker 1: little bit foggy is the idea of the golem coming back. 169 00:09:57,760 --> 00:10:00,720 Speaker 1: I think the New York Times was referenced the Golem 170 00:10:00,720 --> 00:10:03,600 Speaker 1: of Prague specifically that the goal of prog would come back. 171 00:10:04,240 --> 00:10:07,040 Speaker 1: But as you were saying, you know, he had reached 172 00:10:07,080 --> 00:10:10,679 Speaker 1: such a point of destruction in this legend, it seems 173 00:10:10,720 --> 00:10:13,360 Speaker 1: unlikely that that would be the right golem for the job. 174 00:10:13,640 --> 00:10:18,479 Speaker 1: But if the world needed a golem, is it unthinkable 175 00:10:18,520 --> 00:10:21,160 Speaker 1: to say that members of the Jewish community today couldn't 176 00:10:21,200 --> 00:10:24,280 Speaker 1: create one to set things right? Well, And there seems 177 00:10:24,320 --> 00:10:26,840 Speaker 1: to be a bit of debate about whether a golem 178 00:10:26,880 --> 00:10:29,960 Speaker 1: could be real or is just in fact some sort 179 00:10:30,000 --> 00:10:33,800 Speaker 1: of myth. And it's hard to decipher between fact and 180 00:10:33,840 --> 00:10:37,360 Speaker 1: fiction because as we began the podcast by saying, there's 181 00:10:37,400 --> 00:10:40,800 Speaker 1: mention of golem and the Talmud and the Bible makes 182 00:10:40,840 --> 00:10:45,040 Speaker 1: reference to this incomplete substance that gives rise to man, 183 00:10:45,800 --> 00:10:48,440 Speaker 1: exactly like with Adam and the Bible, who is made 184 00:10:48,440 --> 00:10:52,360 Speaker 1: out of clay and then was imbued with a spirit 185 00:10:52,480 --> 00:10:55,560 Speaker 1: from God to become a person and become someone with 186 00:10:55,600 --> 00:10:57,800 Speaker 1: a soul. But before that he was just a man 187 00:10:57,800 --> 00:11:01,840 Speaker 1: shaped clay figure exactly. So when we talk about the 188 00:11:01,880 --> 00:11:06,360 Speaker 1: Golem of Prague, it's certainly and um an intriguing legend 189 00:11:06,400 --> 00:11:09,200 Speaker 1: and even a little bit of a scary story to 190 00:11:09,240 --> 00:11:12,960 Speaker 1: think about a goalm amok in the streets. But in 191 00:11:13,000 --> 00:11:16,480 Speaker 1: a religious context, obviously it's it's an idea that's very 192 00:11:16,520 --> 00:11:20,000 Speaker 1: important to the tenets of Jewish mysticism, and in an 193 00:11:20,040 --> 00:11:23,240 Speaker 1: historical sense, to take it one step further, it's also 194 00:11:23,320 --> 00:11:27,240 Speaker 1: important to remember, despite the aspect of the story that 195 00:11:27,280 --> 00:11:30,200 Speaker 1: includes the Golan, that the Jews very much were persecuted 196 00:11:30,559 --> 00:11:32,400 Speaker 1: in Prague and that they were forced to live in 197 00:11:32,400 --> 00:11:35,160 Speaker 1: the ghettos. And even though the idea of of blood 198 00:11:35,200 --> 00:11:38,439 Speaker 1: libel is in dispute, whether or not the Jewish people 199 00:11:38,480 --> 00:11:41,080 Speaker 1: were charged with blood libel, it is a facet of history, 200 00:11:41,080 --> 00:11:43,959 Speaker 1: and it's a facet of of Prague's history when it's 201 00:11:44,000 --> 00:11:47,200 Speaker 1: something that's still important. Neo Nazis have been on the 202 00:11:47,280 --> 00:11:50,560 Speaker 1: rise in Germany and in other countries, and anti Semitism 203 00:11:50,679 --> 00:11:52,960 Speaker 1: is not a thing of the past. Katie, You've you've 204 00:11:53,040 --> 00:11:55,280 Speaker 1: raised a very serious question. But I do have one 205 00:11:55,360 --> 00:11:59,360 Speaker 1: last aspect of Nazi history that pertains to the Gallon 206 00:11:59,520 --> 00:12:01,719 Speaker 1: that I think would be an interesting tidbit to leave 207 00:12:01,720 --> 00:12:05,160 Speaker 1: our readers with. Again, this is all dependent on whether 208 00:12:05,200 --> 00:12:07,520 Speaker 1: you buy into the golem legend or you ascribe to 209 00:12:07,559 --> 00:12:10,000 Speaker 1: your religion that supports the idea of the existence of 210 00:12:10,200 --> 00:12:15,720 Speaker 1: a golem. But according to the Golem of Prague story, uh, 211 00:12:15,760 --> 00:12:18,880 Speaker 1: he's so fiercely guarded the attic of the old new 212 00:12:18,920 --> 00:12:22,200 Speaker 1: synagogue where he was kept where Rabbi left put him, 213 00:12:22,280 --> 00:12:26,040 Speaker 1: that the synagogue stayed intact and no one disturbed it. 214 00:12:26,080 --> 00:12:28,960 Speaker 1: We're talking about the Gestapo coming through, We're talking about 215 00:12:29,120 --> 00:12:33,640 Speaker 1: maybe even um urban development coming through this. This place 216 00:12:33,720 --> 00:12:37,880 Speaker 1: really withstood its hold in Prague. And my favorite story 217 00:12:38,160 --> 00:12:40,840 Speaker 1: is that when the Nazi soldiers came through and we're 218 00:12:40,920 --> 00:12:45,319 Speaker 1: raising the temples, raising the synagogues, this one was untouched. 219 00:12:45,440 --> 00:12:47,920 Speaker 1: And apparently a few Nazi soldiers got up into the 220 00:12:48,000 --> 00:12:51,520 Speaker 1: attic of the synagogue where they found the golem, and 221 00:12:51,559 --> 00:12:55,760 Speaker 1: the golem tore them apart, limb by limb. So I 222 00:12:55,760 --> 00:12:58,880 Speaker 1: think there's a lesson there, a sovereign thought indeed. So 223 00:12:59,040 --> 00:13:01,640 Speaker 1: be sure as all ways to email us your feedback 224 00:13:01,679 --> 00:13:04,319 Speaker 1: and your comments on this podcast and any others that 225 00:13:04,440 --> 00:13:07,880 Speaker 1: email address again as History Podcast at how stuff works 226 00:13:07,920 --> 00:13:10,480 Speaker 1: dot com, and be sure to visit our website for 227 00:13:10,520 --> 00:13:14,160 Speaker 1: more information on legends and folklore at how stuff works 228 00:13:14,280 --> 00:13:18,800 Speaker 1: dot com. For more on this and thousands of other topics, 229 00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:21,240 Speaker 1: visit how stuff works dot com, and be sure to 230 00:13:21,320 --> 00:13:23,439 Speaker 1: check out the stuff you missed in History Class blog 231 00:13:23,679 --> 00:13:34,520 Speaker 1: on the how stuff works dot com home page.