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Speaker 1: Hi everyone, it's Chuck here. I'm going back in time.

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Speaker 1: Let's all go back in time together. In fact, this

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Speaker 1: Saturday for our select episode to Summertime, August fifteenth, twenty seventeen.

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Speaker 1: And this one is about stuttering, how stuttering works. It

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Speaker 1: is pretty interesting, actually, so check it out. Welcome to

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Speaker 1: Stuff You Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio.

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Speaker 2: Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. There's

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Speaker 2: Charles W Chuck Bryant, and there's no our guest producer today,

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Speaker 2: which means it's still Stuff you should Know.

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Speaker 1: That's right, the Jerry Free edition.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, it feels weird. Eh. She was like, I can't

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Speaker 2: do this today. I'm going to the mall. She's always

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Speaker 2: leaving us for the mall.

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Speaker 1: I know, that's weird. Ever since we did that mall

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Speaker 1: episode and she learned it was a thing.

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Speaker 2: Right, you know, She's like, this sounds like my kind

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Speaker 2: of place.

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Speaker 1: How are you doing.

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Speaker 2: I'm doing pretty good. I'm been wanting to do this

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Speaker 2: one for a long time. Yeah, And I think I

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Speaker 2: started to research it and I was like, oh man,

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Speaker 2: maybe we went on tour or something like that. I

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Speaker 2: got pulled away from it and never went back to it,

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Speaker 2: So I'm glad we're doing it finally.

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Speaker 1: So stuttering if you're in North America or Australia and

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Speaker 1: stammering if you're in the UK. Perhaps is that how

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Speaker 1: it works?

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Speaker 2: I don't know. I know that stammering is what they

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Speaker 2: call it in the UK. Do they call it stuttering

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Speaker 2: in Australia as well?

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Speaker 1: Yeah? This thing I pulled up just said. In general,

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Speaker 1: it's North America and Australia say stutter. In UK they

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Speaker 1: say stammer But it's the same thing.

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Speaker 2: Right, it's basically I think the way that they get

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Speaker 2: around that is calling it disfluency. No one calls it that,

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Speaker 2: the scientists do.

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Speaker 1: I never heard that word.

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Speaker 2: Sure, disfluence, So I think that's actually the clinical name

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Speaker 2: for what we call startering or stammering, depending on where

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Speaker 2: you are.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, And wasn't that Colin Firth movie called The Disfluent

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Speaker 1: Prince Who Would Be King?

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Speaker 2: Yep? I think that was the working title what they

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Speaker 2: call it, The King's Speech?

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Speaker 1: Yeah, pretty good movie. That was cute, cute it was.

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Speaker 2: Anytime you get Jeffrey right in there in an inspirational role,

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Speaker 2: it's gonna be a cute movie. No, not Jeffrey right,

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Speaker 2: Jeffrey Rush Yeah, I agreed. Jeffrey Wright always plays like

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Speaker 2: the super smart, like kind of like a deep state guy.

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Speaker 1: Jeffrey Wright. He was Baskeocht right, I'm not thinking of

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Speaker 1: the right guy.

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Speaker 2: Did he play basket Yacht?

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Speaker 1: I think so.

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Speaker 2: I don't think so in the movie Baskeocht.

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Speaker 1: Yeah. Isn't Jeffrey Wright.

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Speaker 2: I don't think so.

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Speaker 1: It's Jeffrey Wright.

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Speaker 2: Jeffrey Wright has been in tons of stuff. Just look

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Speaker 2: him up. You'll be like, oh, that's Jeffrey right.

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Speaker 1: Okay, this is.

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Speaker 2: Going terribly already. This is basically like the podcast equivalent

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Speaker 2: of stuttering, because Chuck stuttering, also known as stammering better

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Speaker 2: known as disfluency, is an interrupted flow of speech. Okay,

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Speaker 2: but what when it starts to qualify for what we

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Speaker 2: would call like stuttering or stammering, it is it's really noticeable.

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Speaker 2: It's it has an interrupting effect, typically on the conversation

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Speaker 2: or the communication that's meant to be going on, the

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Speaker 2: speaking that's going on that's on the far end of

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Speaker 2: the spectrum, on the on the other end of the spectrum.

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Speaker 2: Apparently just about everybody engages in disfluent speech. I'm particularly

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Speaker 2: guilty because I say a lot, and that's a form

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Speaker 2: of disfluency. And disfluency Chuck comes from the idea that

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Speaker 2: that when you speak fluently, you're speaking in a flowing

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Speaker 2: manner that is easy to follow typically and is uninterrupted.

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Speaker 2: But when you start adding things like or pauses or

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Speaker 2: that kind of thing like that, that's disfluency. And again,

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Speaker 2: disfluency is a normal part of communication if it occurs

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Speaker 2: about less than ten percent of the time. After that

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Speaker 2: you start to get into the stuttering slash stammering spectrum

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Speaker 2: or side of the disfluent spectrum.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, and one thing I learned, You know, you and

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Speaker 1: I both QA quality assure each episode, which means it's

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Speaker 1: a little behind the curtain peak. But Jerry will send

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Speaker 1: them back to us and you listen to it once

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Speaker 1: and then give her any like edit notes or whatever

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Speaker 1: and thoughts, and then I will listen to it and

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Speaker 1: generally I have no edit notes.

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Speaker 2: Found that I know we're both gonna be so self

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Speaker 2: conscious about that.

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Speaker 1: Well, that's where I was getting to though. I found

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Speaker 1: early on when listening to these episodes of ourselves that

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Speaker 1: it's it doesn't pay to focus on dysfluency in our

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Speaker 1: own language because it can.

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Speaker 2: Drive you nuts, it really can.

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Speaker 1: And so we have a conversational podcast, so we're not

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Speaker 1: trying to you know, we're not Churchill or Henry or

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Speaker 1: was it Henry the six now.

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Speaker 2: Yeah it was, I don't remember. Just Calin Firth, how

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Speaker 2: about that.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, we're not Colin Firth addressing the country on the airwaves,

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Speaker 1: where it was very important that he come across as

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Speaker 1: you know, a certain had a certain fluency. But when

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Speaker 1: it comes to stuff like this, I think people are

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Speaker 1: used to the fact, like occasionally we'll get emails that

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Speaker 1: go you go to say like an am a lot right, and.

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Speaker 2: We're just like response, is better luck finding a different podcast?

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Speaker 1: Yeah this is not for you. No, So anyway, I

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Speaker 1: learned to not drive myself crazy with that stuff. No.

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Speaker 2: But it's funny you bring that up because I was

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Speaker 2: just yesterday listening to the Stockholm Syndrome episode for stuff

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Speaker 2: you should know selects right, and I must have said

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Speaker 2: like five times over the span of ten words.

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Speaker 1: You can't even listen to that, But.

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Speaker 2: Even I noticed it. I normally have I'm pretty good

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Speaker 2: about tuning it out, but even I noticed at that time,

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Speaker 2: and it really kind of raises this issue that the

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Speaker 2: whole thing about starting or stammering is not that it's

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Speaker 2: a it's a disorder or disease, or the sign of

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Speaker 2: an unintelligent person, or that the person can't think of

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Speaker 2: what they mean to say. It's absolutely none of those things.

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Speaker 2: It is strictly an interruption in what we would consider

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Speaker 2: normal communication, and so attention is drawn to it, and

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Speaker 2: it turns out that that just makes the problem worse

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Speaker 2: and worse, so it it turns into this vicious cycle

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Speaker 2: to where but that's all that, That's all it is.

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Speaker 2: That's it, that's really it. And I mean, like there's

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Speaker 2: there's different theories about what's behind it or what could

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Speaker 2: make it worse and what could possibly make it better,

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Speaker 2: but really all it is is just interrupted communication between

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Speaker 2: two people. Because it's not like the person who's who's

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Speaker 2: stuttering stutters in their head, like it's strictly when they're

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Speaker 2: speaking and communicating with other people. So it's it's pretty

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Speaker 2: it's a unique. It's a unique condition.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, and they're they're generally three ways in which that

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Speaker 1: flow can be interrupted. One is repetition. So if you

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Speaker 1: say the first few like the beginning of a word,

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Speaker 1: if you repeat it a few times in a row

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Speaker 1: and then say the word, another would be prolongation. So

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Speaker 1: if the word is like you would, you would roll

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Speaker 1: that l out by itself for a long time, and

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Speaker 1: then the last would be an abnormal stoppage, which is

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Speaker 1: just no sound at all coming out. Yeah, block, yeah,

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Speaker 1: a complete block. Have you you know anyone with a

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Speaker 1: severe stutter?

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Speaker 2: Sure? Yeah, I've known people with stutters before.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, I know somebody with a very severe stutter. And

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Speaker 1: it's always interesting because I think, and we'll get to

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Speaker 1: like what you should and shouldn't do as a participant

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Speaker 1: in a conversation with someone who stutters. But before I

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Speaker 1: read this, I knew that just as a courtesy, what

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Speaker 1: you probably shouldn't do, which is correct, is try and

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Speaker 1: complete someone's sentence for them, even though that urge is there.

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Speaker 1: You know, it's just a natural instinct because people do that,

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Speaker 1: you know, when speaking all the time if someone can't

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Speaker 1: think of a word or something. But like you said,

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Speaker 1: that's not what's going on.

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Speaker 2: No, no, And I mean that, And I think that

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Speaker 2: urge also comes from a a good place typically like

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Speaker 2: you're not You're not saying like, uh, pitch is the

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Speaker 2: word stupid. That's not what you're saying when you when

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Speaker 2: you when you finish their sentence, you're helping them along, right,

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Speaker 2: to keep the conversation on track, right, But what you're

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Speaker 2: also doing is saying you're not communicating effectively. I'm jumping

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Speaker 2: in and taking over on your behalf. Just sit there

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Speaker 2: and be quiet. So, yeah, we'll talk more about what

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Speaker 2: to do or what to what not to do when

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Speaker 2: you're in a conversation with somebody with a stutter and I.

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Speaker 1: Don't know what you mean. You're trying, you're trying to help.

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Speaker 1: You're not trying to like be a jerk. Yeah, but

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Speaker 1: it's it's not a help.

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Speaker 2: No, it's not.

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Speaker 1: But I imagine they also understand to a certain degree.

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Speaker 2: Too well, probably just from being exposed to it so much, Yeah,

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Speaker 2: for so.

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Speaker 1: Long, and some people feel, you know, like with anything

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Speaker 1: like this, some people might be used to it and

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Speaker 1: have been like, well, you know, that's how I talk.

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Speaker 1: I've tried to uh correct it, and I've kind of

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Speaker 1: learned to live with it, and people might still feel

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Speaker 1: really bad about it.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I read a a I guess an essay a

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Speaker 2: blog post basically by a guy named man I can't

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Speaker 2: find it anywhere, great great blog posts where he said

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Speaker 2: I recognize and accept my stutter, and it was on

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Speaker 2: say dot org. His name is Danny Litwack l I

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Speaker 2: t w A c K Litwack. Maybe I embrace and

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Speaker 2: accept my stutter. It's great. He talks about his his

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Speaker 2: experience with growing up with a stutter his whole life

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Speaker 2: and just what a negative impact it had on him

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Speaker 2: for a very long time. And I saw this elsewhere.

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Speaker 2: But the first step toward either either getting past your

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Speaker 2: stutter or just getting over the fact that you have

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Speaker 2: a stutter, is accepting that you have a stutter. And

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Speaker 2: that's a that's from what I can gather, a really

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Speaker 2: big first step, because I think people recognize that they

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Speaker 2: have a stutter to themselves, but there's also are they

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Speaker 2: take measures to protect against sharing that with other people.

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Speaker 2: So I read another story about another person who grew

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Speaker 2: up with a stutter and when they got to I

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Speaker 2: think college or something. On the first day of this

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Speaker 2: one class, everybody went around and said where they were from,

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Speaker 2: and this person said that they forgot where they were from,

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Speaker 2: rather than having to say Wilmington, Delaware because of the

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Speaker 2: W and the D. So instead they told the class

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Speaker 2: they forgot where they were they were born and grew.

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Speaker 1: Up because in that case there were certain triggers.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, the W and the D, the W and Wilmington

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Speaker 2: and the D in Delaware. So there's like a lot

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Speaker 2: of obfuscation that people with stutters engage in. People with

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Speaker 2: stutters are not to be trusted in other words, but

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Speaker 2: they have to they have to basically just take steps

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Speaker 2: to make it seem like they don't have a stutter.

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Speaker 2: And I think what this guy Danny Litwack was saying.

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Speaker 2: And then, like I said, I saw elsewhere people saying,

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Speaker 2: like I have a stutter, like this is how I talk.

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Speaker 2: You're gonna have to like either just walk away during

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Speaker 2: the conversation or just let me finish on my own time.

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Speaker 2: But this is me and this is how I talk,

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Speaker 2: and I'm accepting it or learning to and you're gonna

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Speaker 2: have to as well. And that's the first step, as

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Speaker 2: I understand it. Once you're an adult, I should say.

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Speaker 1: I think there are so many things in life where

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Speaker 1: that's the case. Oh yeah, man, Instead of like at

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Speaker 1: a certain point at a certain age, you, I think,

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Speaker 1: or at least I got to a point where like, well,

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Speaker 1: I can really continue to work to try and change

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Speaker 1: the thing, or I can just accept that this is

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Speaker 1: kind of who I am, right and be happy.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, don't worry, be happy now.

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Speaker 1: So don't ever strive to be better people. Just accept

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Speaker 1: how messed up you are.

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Speaker 2: Right, and force everyone else around you to accept it.

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Speaker 1: Should we take a little break here, All right, We'll

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Speaker 1: take a break and we'll come back and get into

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Speaker 1: of the stats, and house stutters can develop right after this,

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Speaker 1: all right, so we're back. I promise stats. Yeah, the stats,

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Speaker 1: you shall receive one percent roughly of adults in the

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Speaker 1: world stutter. Yeah, but that is not one percent of children,

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Speaker 1: because many times have in fact, about seventy five percent

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Speaker 1: of the time, well five percent of children stutter, and

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Speaker 1: about seventy five percent of time they will lose that

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Speaker 1: disfluence as they grow older, right, leaving that at a

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Speaker 1: one percent number as adults.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, and so in the US there's that means there's

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Speaker 2: about three million or so, maybe three and a half

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Speaker 2: million people adults that stutter. Right, More women, is it?

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Speaker 2: More women, and more men and more men more men,

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Speaker 2: and it's like four to five in childhood and then

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Speaker 2: it goes to like three or four in adulthood. So

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Speaker 2: by far, men stutter more than women. And although in

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Speaker 2: strangely boys tend to naturally lose their stutter if they're

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Speaker 2: going to lose their stutter in childhood more than girls.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, and I don't think they found any rhyme or

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Speaker 1: reason to that at all.

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Speaker 2: Right, No, man, there's there's like a lot of lack

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Speaker 2: of understanding as far as stuttering goes scientifically socially, there's

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Speaker 2: just we just don't know that much about it, which

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Speaker 2: is surprising because apparently as far back as Moses, people

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Speaker 2: have been stuttering on record.

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Speaker 1: We'll tell that story later. Oh, okay, about sixty There

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Speaker 1: could be a genetic basis because about sixty percent of

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Speaker 1: people who stutter have a family member who stutters.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, and I also saw that among monozygotic also known

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Speaker 2: as identical twins, if one twin stutters, there's a ninety

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Speaker 2: percent chance that the other one does as well. Oh interesting,

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Speaker 2: But for die zygotic, like fraternal twins, there's only a

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Speaker 2: twenty percent chance. So there's clearly a genetic basis to stuttering.

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Speaker 1: Somehow, right, But it's also one of those things where

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Speaker 1: it can be genetic, doesn't have to be. Sometimes if

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Speaker 1: you like suffer a head trauma, you might develop a stutter. Right.

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Speaker 1: Sometimes it's developmental. Sometimes it could be obviously with something

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Speaker 1: like Parkinson's disease, that could be a symptom. But those

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Speaker 1: are to me, I think, probably different kinds of stuttering,

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Speaker 1: but still shuttering.

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Speaker 2: Right. So there's basically two main categories. Developmental, which is

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Speaker 2: by far the more the one that accounts for the

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Speaker 2: most cases of stuttering. Yeah, and then the others acquired,

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Speaker 2: like you said, say from like Parkinson's or they put

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Speaker 2: you on a prescription that like suddenly is making you stutter.

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Speaker 2: There's also psychogenic, which is supposedly an emotional trauma can

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Speaker 2: give you a stutter. I don't know if that's just

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Speaker 2: leftover lore, because apparently they used to think all stutters

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Speaker 2: were the result of some psychology.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, and they.

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Speaker 2: Just say, well, no, it's possible, or some people have

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Speaker 2: it and just haven't figured out that it's not the

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Speaker 2: case at all, or if there really is a small

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Speaker 2: section of people who do have psychogenic stutters, but all

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Speaker 2: of those would fall under acquired and then the other

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Speaker 2: one is developmental boy.

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Speaker 1: How about that guy that took mushrooms and quit stuttering? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so interesting.

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Speaker 2: I saw a Ted talk at his once.

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Speaker 1: Really.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, he's like all about mushroom saving the world.

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Speaker 1: Paul's dammit.

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Speaker 2: Yep.

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Speaker 1: Yeah. He he leads off our article on how stuff

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Speaker 1: works and he had a severe stutter. Was very affected

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Speaker 1: by it, kind of Withdrew socially. Went camping one time,

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Speaker 1: took a bunch of psychedelic mushrooms and climbed a tree,

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Speaker 1: got up there, decided he could not climb down, and

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Speaker 1: then the storm came in and got really intense, and

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Speaker 1: he he said he sort of felt one with the world,

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Speaker 1: which sounds about right. And eventually the storm passed. He

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Speaker 1: came down and while he was up there during this

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Speaker 1: intense experience, he was like, I will not stutter anymore,

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Speaker 1: and he just kept saying that. Came down and he

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Speaker 1: had lost his stutter.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, and apparently he didn't relapse, which is pretty unusual,

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Speaker 2: I think.

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Speaker 1: So he started studying mushrooms for a living.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, he became a mycologist. Yeah, man, and I gotta

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Speaker 2: I've said this before, I'll say it again. One of

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Speaker 2: the best articles I've ever read my life was called

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Speaker 2: blood Spore, Yeah, and I think it was in Harper's

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Speaker 2: and it was about a murder in the world of mycologists.

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Speaker 2: It was just so interesting.

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Speaker 1: Blood Spore coming soon to a theaternew I hope so

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Speaker 1: you should write the script.

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Speaker 2: Yeah. So Stamids was remarkably lucky in that he just

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Speaker 2: basically decided not to stutter anymore and stop stuttering. Apparently

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Speaker 2: the fact that he didn't relapse is probably what's most remarkable,

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Speaker 2: because I think relapsing among stuttering treatments is actually pretty common.

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Speaker 2: Oh yeah, yeah, but again, this is once you get

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Speaker 2: out of childhood. It's fairly common to have to develop

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Speaker 2: a stutter as you're a child, as you're learning to talk,

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Speaker 2: and then it's equally common to lose that that stutter

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Speaker 2: as you age, usually within eighteen months of developing the

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Speaker 2: onset of the stutter. But then as you acquire this

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Speaker 2: or develop this stutter as you get older, it apparently

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Speaker 2: becomes more and more set in. And that seems to

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Speaker 2: be because of the plasticity of your brain when you're

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Speaker 2: a kid.

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Speaker 1: Yeah.

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Speaker 2: Start, it's almost like, from what I can gather, it's

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Speaker 2: like if you have a stutter past a certain point,

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Speaker 2: it almost gets locked into your brain as your neural

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Speaker 2: pathways solidify and cement. Yeah, like you learned to have

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Speaker 2: a stutter after a while.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, And I think they say to wait. I think

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Speaker 1: they wait like three months before they even start looking

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Speaker 1: into it, because that's how fleeting a stutter can be

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Speaker 1: when you're a little kid. Right after three months, they'll say,

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Speaker 1: all right, maybe we should start looking into this.

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Speaker 2: Right, you would want to go to a speech pathologist

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Speaker 2: to be able to diagnose it. Yeah, And usually what

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Speaker 2: they're looking for and you take your child who's developed

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Speaker 2: a stutter to a speech pathologist is how pronounced it is.

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Speaker 2: There's a guy in I think the late nineties named

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Speaker 2: Barry Guitar. He sounds like he played, you know, guitar

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Speaker 2: for the band Boston.

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Speaker 1: He knows all the chords. No, wait, that's guitar George.

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Speaker 2: Right, Sorry, what's that from?

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Speaker 1: Oh?

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Speaker 2: Come on, guitar George? Is that a Ray Stevens song?

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Speaker 1: No, it's from Dire Straits Sultan's of Swing.

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Speaker 2: Oh gotcha. That's a good song. Yeah, it is a

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Speaker 2: good song. I love it so very Guitar came with

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Speaker 2: five levels of stuttering development. And I already referenced the

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Speaker 2: first I know his name's all that. I already referenced

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Speaker 2: the first level, which is you you have less than

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Speaker 2: ten percent of your speech is disfluent. That's that's anybody

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Speaker 2: walking around like that, right, Yeah, unless you're like the

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Speaker 2: King of England or something. And then ironically unless you're

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Speaker 2: that one king who had a stutter. Yeah, and then

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Speaker 2: it goes on the from there and just gets worse

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Speaker 2: and worse. But one of the things that's attendant with

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Speaker 2: these different stages of development of a stutter are like

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Speaker 2: emotional problems or symptoms like comorbid symptoms along with the stutter.

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Speaker 2: So there can be things like blinking, like like pursing

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Speaker 2: your lips, where you're frustrated, where you're angry, where you're fearful,

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Speaker 2: where you're anxious, in conjunction with stuttering. And so this

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Speaker 2: is the kind of thing that the speech pathologists will

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Speaker 2: be looking for to kind of diagnose your kid like, no,

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Speaker 2: this is just normal kid stuff. Or actually the stutters

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Speaker 2: developing faster than we'd like it too, so we need

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Speaker 2: to start treating it now.

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Speaker 1: Well, that makes sense because dopamine. We talked a lot

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Speaker 1: about dopamine on the show The neud Transmitter. If you

381
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Speaker 1: have an overabundance of dopamine we talked about in the

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Speaker 1: Tourette's episode, Right, is that one of the things that

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Speaker 1: can be comorbid with stuttering because I know too much

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Speaker 1: dopamine can lead to a stutter as well.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, supposedly, so Dopamine controls movement, right, Yeah, and if

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Speaker 2: you have too much, it makes you have ticks like

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Speaker 2: Tourette you're.

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Speaker 1: Saying, well, it can.

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Speaker 2: So I noticed this that Parkinson's and dopamine are I

390
00:22:26,640 --> 00:22:31,440
Speaker 2: think they're like Parkinson's has to do with too much dopamine. Yeah,

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Speaker 2: and Parkinson's is one of the ways that you could

392
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Speaker 2: acquire neurogenically a stutter. Yeah, So that makes total sense

393
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Speaker 2: that there's something in your brain with dopamine transmission to

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Speaker 2: where you have maybe too much of it, and so

395
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Speaker 2: you're trying to you're having trouble but getting the thoughts

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Speaker 2: in your head into the movements that it takes to

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Speaker 2: create the speech.

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Speaker 1: Yeah. I mean it's a little clumsy the way the

399
00:22:59,400 --> 00:23:02,480
Speaker 1: brain does this. It would be a lot easier if

400
00:23:02,480 --> 00:23:04,480
Speaker 1: it was streamlined in one part of the brain, but

401
00:23:04,920 --> 00:23:08,480
Speaker 1: there are two distinct parts of the brain that deal

402
00:23:08,520 --> 00:23:12,719
Speaker 1: with language processing, and one is the one that processes

403
00:23:12,720 --> 00:23:17,200
Speaker 1: it and one articulates it with in a motor skill way.

404
00:23:17,480 --> 00:23:21,000
Speaker 1: And when those two things have done brain imaging mapping

405
00:23:21,040 --> 00:23:24,359
Speaker 1: and they found that there's some sort of discontinuity between

406
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Speaker 1: those two processes going on. Right, Well, there's a stutter.

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Speaker 2: That's stuttering, right, so it could be too much dopamine.

408
00:23:31,200 --> 00:23:35,040
Speaker 2: That's one thing again, the research into stuttering is so

409
00:23:36,280 --> 00:23:40,480
Speaker 2: basic at the moment, it's it's really surprising. What they're

410
00:23:40,520 --> 00:23:43,399
Speaker 2: trying to figure out, though, is are you born with

411
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Speaker 2: the stutter like you when you're born, You're you're going

412
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Speaker 2: to have this problem because your your brain isn't using

413
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Speaker 2: dopamine properly or overproducing dopamine, or are you as your

414
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Speaker 2: brain's developing, something goes a little off to the side

415
00:24:00,800 --> 00:24:05,280
Speaker 2: to the left and your brain has trouble with dopamine

416
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Speaker 2: from that point on. So they're trying to figure out

417
00:24:07,400 --> 00:24:08,560
Speaker 2: the etiology of it.

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00:24:08,600 --> 00:24:11,920
Speaker 1: In other words, did you look into this the genes

419
00:24:11,960 --> 00:24:12,800
Speaker 1: the four genes?

420
00:24:13,960 --> 00:24:14,680
Speaker 2: Yeah, a little bit.

421
00:24:15,240 --> 00:24:16,720
Speaker 1: Did do you find names for those?

422
00:24:16,920 --> 00:24:17,359
Speaker 2: I did not?

423
00:24:17,840 --> 00:24:18,360
Speaker 1: That isn't either.

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00:24:18,440 --> 00:24:21,280
Speaker 2: That is how basic the research is right now. Yeah,

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00:24:21,359 --> 00:24:23,600
Speaker 2: they're not even saying what genes they're finding.

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00:24:23,920 --> 00:24:28,560
Speaker 1: Yeah, apparently they did discover four different genes that are

427
00:24:28,560 --> 00:24:31,000
Speaker 1: linked to these proteins. And these proteins are sort of

428
00:24:31,080 --> 00:24:36,440
Speaker 1: like they're responsible for what's called cellular trafficking, so they

429
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Speaker 1: kind of make sure that the elements of the cell

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Speaker 1: end up where they need to be within that cell. Right,

431
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Speaker 1: And they said that more than one neurological disorder can

432
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Speaker 1: be linked to this trafficking process, So I guess it's

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Speaker 1: related to those proteins in those genes.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, but they're like, who knows, Well, just like they've

435
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Speaker 2: gotten to the point where they have identified there's something

436
00:25:00,480 --> 00:25:06,520
Speaker 2: up with these proteins in the cells and it's linked

437
00:25:06,520 --> 00:25:09,280
Speaker 2: to stuttering somehow. Now just give us like ten years

438
00:25:09,280 --> 00:25:13,159
Speaker 2: to go figure out how, right, But yeah, they're starting

439
00:25:13,160 --> 00:25:15,439
Speaker 2: to realize now there's some sort of genetic basis to

440
00:25:15,520 --> 00:25:17,440
Speaker 2: this to stuttering.

441
00:25:18,560 --> 00:25:21,480
Speaker 1: Well, I mean, I think the twin study that says

442
00:25:21,480 --> 00:25:25,439
Speaker 1: a lot right there for sure. You know, yep, can

443
00:25:25,480 --> 00:25:26,600
Speaker 1: we talk about Moses.

444
00:25:27,400 --> 00:25:29,440
Speaker 2: I think it's high time we talked about Moses. We've

445
00:25:29,480 --> 00:25:31,920
Speaker 2: been dancing around the burning bush for a while now.

446
00:25:33,560 --> 00:25:35,680
Speaker 2: I can't believe that guy will laugh.

447
00:25:36,320 --> 00:25:38,800
Speaker 1: Well, I was laughing because every time I think of

448
00:25:38,800 --> 00:25:41,040
Speaker 1: burning Bush, I think of three Amigos and how funny

449
00:25:41,040 --> 00:25:42,720
Speaker 1: that singing Bush was.

450
00:25:43,119 --> 00:25:44,120
Speaker 2: I never saw that one.

451
00:25:44,400 --> 00:25:45,159
Speaker 1: Three Amigos.

452
00:25:45,520 --> 00:25:48,840
Speaker 2: Yeah, I could do the three amigo salute, but I

453
00:25:49,280 --> 00:25:49,840
Speaker 2: never saw it.

454
00:25:50,160 --> 00:25:53,600
Speaker 1: Oh man, that's a classic. Really yeah?

455
00:25:54,119 --> 00:25:54,479
Speaker 2: Really?

456
00:25:55,119 --> 00:25:59,600
Speaker 1: Oh sure? Why is that surprising? I don't know.

457
00:25:59,640 --> 00:26:01,720
Speaker 2: I feel like I would have seen it if free

458
00:26:01,720 --> 00:26:02,800
Speaker 2: comedic icons.

459
00:26:03,359 --> 00:26:05,200
Speaker 1: You're right, funny movie.

460
00:26:05,280 --> 00:26:07,480
Speaker 2: Oh I know why I never saw because chevy Chase

461
00:26:07,560 --> 00:26:09,560
Speaker 2: is in it. Oh, I'm sure, I'm sure.

462
00:26:09,680 --> 00:26:09,800
Speaker 1: No.

463
00:26:09,800 --> 00:26:12,360
Speaker 2: I remember my dad raised me a really dislike chill

464
00:26:12,480 --> 00:26:14,959
Speaker 2: That's right, so I probably wasn't allowed to see it.

465
00:26:15,000 --> 00:26:15,359
Speaker 1: That's right.

466
00:26:15,560 --> 00:26:19,719
Speaker 2: You see Fletch, right, I think I stopped watching Fletch

467
00:26:19,840 --> 00:26:24,040
Speaker 2: like part way through. My dad had a real influence

468
00:26:24,119 --> 00:26:26,320
Speaker 2: on me. And why didn't he like chevy Chase.

469
00:26:26,160 --> 00:26:28,720
Speaker 1: Though, I have no idea you had a bone to pick.

470
00:26:29,080 --> 00:26:31,440
Speaker 2: I guess I think he thought he was a jerk

471
00:26:31,560 --> 00:26:31,960
Speaker 2: or something.

472
00:26:32,560 --> 00:26:34,600
Speaker 1: Well he was all right.

473
00:26:34,600 --> 00:26:37,280
Speaker 2: It turns out dad was right, all right.

474
00:26:37,359 --> 00:26:41,399
Speaker 1: So Moses, I know a lot about the Bible, because,

475
00:26:41,480 --> 00:26:45,679
Speaker 1: as listeners know, I was raised in the church. But

476
00:26:45,760 --> 00:26:48,240
Speaker 1: I didn't know this. I don't remember this story at all.

477
00:26:48,440 --> 00:26:49,640
Speaker 2: Yeah, I hadn't heard it either.

478
00:26:50,480 --> 00:26:54,280
Speaker 1: So apparently Moses uh was a little baby at one point,

479
00:26:54,440 --> 00:26:58,880
Speaker 1: and the Pharaoh said was warned, you know that Moses

480
00:26:59,000 --> 00:27:02,199
Speaker 1: was was gonna not be his friend when he grew up.

481
00:27:02,240 --> 00:27:03,960
Speaker 1: So he said, all right, let me try something out.

482
00:27:04,520 --> 00:27:06,560
Speaker 1: I'm going to give this little baby, Moses, a choice

483
00:27:06,600 --> 00:27:10,600
Speaker 1: between a bowlful of gold and a bowlful of hot coals.

484
00:27:11,119 --> 00:27:12,360
Speaker 2: That's what you do with babies.

485
00:27:12,760 --> 00:27:15,879
Speaker 1: Jesus the gold, then I'm going to kill him.

486
00:27:16,240 --> 00:27:19,400
Speaker 2: Yeah, typical typical Egyptian stuff.

487
00:27:19,560 --> 00:27:24,119
Speaker 1: Yeah, so of course with a baby, Moses is going

488
00:27:24,160 --> 00:27:28,840
Speaker 1: to reach for the gold. And then apparently an angel

489
00:27:29,400 --> 00:27:35,200
Speaker 1: intervened Todd Todd the angel and directed little Moses' hand

490
00:27:35,240 --> 00:27:36,600
Speaker 1: to the hot coals instead.

491
00:27:37,080 --> 00:27:39,560
Speaker 2: A little gruffly, if you ask Moses.

492
00:27:39,680 --> 00:27:42,080
Speaker 1: Moses grabbed a hot coal put it in his mouth,

493
00:27:42,600 --> 00:27:44,119
Speaker 1: and that's how he got to the stutter.

494
00:27:44,680 --> 00:27:46,679
Speaker 2: And he's blamed Todd ever since.

495
00:27:46,920 --> 00:27:50,000
Speaker 1: And here's what I don't get is that Moses went

496
00:27:50,040 --> 00:27:53,560
Speaker 1: to God and was like, hey, man, I'm supposed to

497
00:27:53,640 --> 00:27:56,639
Speaker 1: lead the people out of Egypt. I have a bad stutter.

498
00:27:57,400 --> 00:27:59,919
Speaker 1: Can you you know, can you do something for me

499
00:28:00,400 --> 00:28:00,919
Speaker 1: for God?

500
00:28:01,040 --> 00:28:03,200
Speaker 2: And God said no sweat.

501
00:28:04,320 --> 00:28:06,919
Speaker 1: Yeah, he said God, mister ed.

502
00:28:09,480 --> 00:28:13,639
Speaker 2: You didn't know that, yeah, because he was God.

503
00:28:14,000 --> 00:28:17,760
Speaker 1: So God said, yeah, sure I can help you out.

504
00:28:18,080 --> 00:28:21,080
Speaker 1: Just have your brother Aaron take the mic.

505
00:28:21,160 --> 00:28:24,280
Speaker 2: Right, And Moses was like, I was more thinking like

506
00:28:24,359 --> 00:28:27,760
Speaker 2: you'd perform a miracle on me, but yeah, I probably

507
00:28:27,800 --> 00:28:30,760
Speaker 2: could have thought of having Aaron speak for me as well. God,

508
00:28:30,880 --> 00:28:31,920
Speaker 2: thanks for that, though.

509
00:28:32,040 --> 00:28:33,240
Speaker 1: I don't know how I missed that story.

510
00:28:33,840 --> 00:28:36,680
Speaker 2: He apparently there's a quote I am heavy of mouth

511
00:28:36,720 --> 00:28:40,120
Speaker 2: and heavy of tongue, and I saw some Bible sight

512
00:28:40,400 --> 00:28:42,800
Speaker 2: where they were debating whether or not what they were

513
00:28:42,800 --> 00:28:47,000
Speaker 2: talking about was a stutter. Apparently, some later Hebraic text

514
00:28:47,520 --> 00:28:51,760
Speaker 2: said that Moses had trouble pronouncing th h's thorn sounds

515
00:28:52,960 --> 00:28:55,800
Speaker 2: it sounds more like he had a lisp than a stutter.

516
00:28:57,320 --> 00:29:00,160
Speaker 2: Who knows. Let's go as stuttering though, because lot of

517
00:29:00,160 --> 00:29:02,880
Speaker 2: people do say that Moses had a stutter, but he

518
00:29:02,960 --> 00:29:08,840
Speaker 2: over king. Yeah, it's pretty thick. It's I've gotten used

519
00:29:08,840 --> 00:29:10,800
Speaker 2: to it, but I remember at first when we first

520
00:29:10,840 --> 00:29:14,400
Speaker 2: started doing this, like, man, I should not be speaking

521
00:29:14,440 --> 00:29:16,840
Speaker 2: for a living like this is I have a speech impediment,

522
00:29:17,960 --> 00:29:18,719
Speaker 2: pure and simple.

523
00:29:19,080 --> 00:29:22,600
Speaker 1: No, it's just everyone now, just thinks, Hey, that's Josh's voice.

524
00:29:23,560 --> 00:29:26,400
Speaker 2: Yes, it's so grating, smooth and silky.

525
00:29:28,120 --> 00:29:30,080
Speaker 1: M hm. Who else in history.

526
00:29:29,920 --> 00:29:37,720
Speaker 2: Josh, let's see the emperor Justinian apparently, or no, I'm

527
00:29:37,760 --> 00:29:42,880
Speaker 2: sorry I was wrong. It was Demosthenes. He was a

528
00:29:42,920 --> 00:29:47,600
Speaker 2: Greek statesman. He apparently was smart enough to say, who

529
00:29:47,600 --> 00:29:50,640
Speaker 2: could help me with a stutter? Oh? How about an actor?

530
00:29:50,800 --> 00:29:54,520
Speaker 2: Somebody who speaks broadcasts their voice for a living. So

531
00:29:54,640 --> 00:29:57,560
Speaker 2: he hired an actor to help him, and that actor

532
00:29:57,640 --> 00:30:00,760
Speaker 2: had him do things like chew on pebbles and try

533
00:30:00,800 --> 00:30:01,120
Speaker 2: to talk.

534
00:30:01,360 --> 00:30:01,640
Speaker 1: Yeah.

535
00:30:02,440 --> 00:30:07,680
Speaker 2: Smart, he's He did his speeches while he's walking uphill.

536
00:30:08,000 --> 00:30:11,160
Speaker 2: I guess to control his breathing. This is actually pretty

537
00:30:11,160 --> 00:30:14,840
Speaker 2: sharp stuff. I think out of all the historical treatments

538
00:30:14,880 --> 00:30:18,720
Speaker 2: that we're going to cover, this one might most closely resemble,

539
00:30:18,840 --> 00:30:23,800
Speaker 2: aside from the mouthful of pebbles, modern treatment for stuttering.

540
00:30:23,800 --> 00:30:26,960
Speaker 1: Yeah, which is to say speaking exercises.

541
00:30:27,360 --> 00:30:27,560
Speaker 2: Right.

542
00:30:28,560 --> 00:30:30,760
Speaker 1: Well, you did say Justinian. I don't know if Justinian

543
00:30:30,880 --> 00:30:34,560
Speaker 1: had the stutter, but his at the very least his physician,

544
00:30:36,400 --> 00:30:40,720
Speaker 1: Atis of Amita, was one of the first people to say, Hey,

545
00:30:41,400 --> 00:30:43,640
Speaker 1: maybe that the frenulum, you know, that little flap of

546
00:30:43,640 --> 00:30:47,200
Speaker 1: skin under your tongue right the connector to the bottom

547
00:30:47,200 --> 00:30:49,440
Speaker 1: of your mouth. He was the first one that said,

548
00:30:49,440 --> 00:30:52,960
Speaker 1: why don't we start slicing that thing up and just

549
00:30:53,000 --> 00:30:55,720
Speaker 1: the tongue in general. Over the years there have been

550
00:30:55,800 --> 00:30:59,720
Speaker 1: all kinds of surgeon that tried variations of slicing the

551
00:30:59,760 --> 00:31:02,520
Speaker 1: friend or cutting down of the tongue itself.

552
00:31:02,960 --> 00:31:08,120
Speaker 2: Now, I could probably use that one by HD Chiguine chegouine.

553
00:31:08,640 --> 00:31:10,640
Speaker 2: I'm sure that's how you say it the second way. Yeah,

554
00:31:10,880 --> 00:31:14,480
Speaker 2: he basically said, stuttering as a result of an oversized tongue,

555
00:31:14,520 --> 00:31:17,280
Speaker 2: which I have. Let's just slice and dice a little

556
00:31:17,320 --> 00:31:21,480
Speaker 2: off the sides. But no, of course it didn't work.

557
00:31:21,520 --> 00:31:25,640
Speaker 2: It's just horrific apparently. Though at the same time there

558
00:31:25,640 --> 00:31:28,880
Speaker 2: were these surgeons who get all the press because their

559
00:31:28,880 --> 00:31:31,640
Speaker 2: stuff is so horrific. But there are also other people

560
00:31:31,720 --> 00:31:34,520
Speaker 2: who were kind of on the right track a little

561
00:31:34,560 --> 00:31:39,200
Speaker 2: more like Moses Mendelssohn in the eighteenth century. He thought

562
00:31:39,240 --> 00:31:43,320
Speaker 2: that there were too many ideas or thoughts that were

563
00:31:43,360 --> 00:31:48,080
Speaker 2: flowing at once, and that it was basically it was

564
00:31:48,720 --> 00:31:51,520
Speaker 2: blocking speech. There's too much trying to get out, basically

565
00:31:51,560 --> 00:31:55,880
Speaker 2: like the three Stooges model of stuttering. Remember they're all

566
00:31:55,920 --> 00:31:56,880
Speaker 2: trying to go through the door.

567
00:31:57,040 --> 00:31:59,000
Speaker 1: Yeah yeah, yeah, so you've got too much to say

568
00:31:59,080 --> 00:32:01,800
Speaker 1: and you want to just get it right. Interesting, that

569
00:32:02,720 --> 00:32:03,560
Speaker 1: makes a little sense.

570
00:32:04,120 --> 00:32:10,520
Speaker 2: Erasmus Darwin. He said that it was bashfulness, emotions like

571
00:32:10,600 --> 00:32:14,480
Speaker 2: bashfulness that messed up the process of speaking, right, okay,

572
00:32:14,760 --> 00:32:18,200
Speaker 2: definitely onto something there as well. And then a psychologist

573
00:32:18,280 --> 00:32:21,520
Speaker 2: named Sandow said that it was brought on by either

574
00:32:21,680 --> 00:32:26,560
Speaker 2: a dread of speaking or an over eagerness to speak,

575
00:32:26,640 --> 00:32:29,200
Speaker 2: kind of like what Moses Mendelssohn was saying in the

576
00:32:29,280 --> 00:32:30,320
Speaker 2: latter example.

577
00:32:30,680 --> 00:32:33,120
Speaker 1: Can they brought out by two completely opposite things?

578
00:32:33,440 --> 00:32:37,560
Speaker 2: Yeah, yeah, So a lot of this actually is kind

579
00:32:37,560 --> 00:32:42,000
Speaker 2: of in step with our current thought about stuttering. And

580
00:32:42,040 --> 00:32:44,360
Speaker 2: so either that means that these guys in the eighteenth

581
00:32:44,400 --> 00:32:49,360
Speaker 2: century were prescient, or our understanding of stuttering is stuck

582
00:32:49,400 --> 00:32:52,760
Speaker 2: in the eighteenth century, right, I'm very curious to know

583
00:32:52,800 --> 00:32:53,600
Speaker 2: which one it is.

584
00:32:54,440 --> 00:32:56,920
Speaker 1: Shall we take a break? Yeah, all right, We're going

585
00:32:57,000 --> 00:32:59,720
Speaker 1: to come back after this final break and talk about

586
00:33:00,040 --> 00:33:31,120
Speaker 1: therapies that don't involve cutting your tongue apart. All right. So,

587
00:33:31,120 --> 00:33:33,120
Speaker 1: now we're in the modern days and we're not taking

588
00:33:33,160 --> 00:33:37,160
Speaker 1: scalpels to the frenulum any longer because they've realized that

589
00:33:37,200 --> 00:33:43,080
Speaker 1: it's not a physical affliction of the tongue. It's somewhere

590
00:33:43,080 --> 00:33:48,240
Speaker 1: inside the brain most likely. Yeah, and they have a

591
00:33:48,280 --> 00:33:53,920
Speaker 1: lot of recommendations for when a child starts to stutter

592
00:33:54,000 --> 00:33:57,240
Speaker 1: in it and it sticks. And you found some other

593
00:33:57,280 --> 00:34:00,920
Speaker 1: tips too, which are great for parents, and kind of

594
00:34:00,960 --> 00:34:05,120
Speaker 1: one of the main ones is is give your kid

595
00:34:05,320 --> 00:34:08,359
Speaker 1: plenty of room to talk, plenty of time to talk,

596
00:34:08,920 --> 00:34:13,600
Speaker 1: make sure they express themselves fully, because one of the

597
00:34:13,640 --> 00:34:17,120
Speaker 1: side effects of having a stutter is your child may

598
00:34:17,160 --> 00:34:19,320
Speaker 1: just end up retreating and being super quiet.

599
00:34:20,080 --> 00:34:24,520
Speaker 2: Yeah. I got from this these tips for parents that

600
00:34:24,760 --> 00:34:30,879
Speaker 2: there's kind of this maybe not fully spoken idea that

601
00:34:31,160 --> 00:34:35,280
Speaker 2: you can actually cement your child's stutter if you handle

602
00:34:35,320 --> 00:34:39,800
Speaker 2: it poorly. Yeah, when they start to develop it, which

603
00:34:40,400 --> 00:34:44,360
Speaker 2: knowing that just makes you even more tense about dealing

604
00:34:44,440 --> 00:34:46,879
Speaker 2: with it correctly, I guess, which could make the whole

605
00:34:46,880 --> 00:34:51,640
Speaker 2: process even even harder. But there are some pretty brainless

606
00:34:51,680 --> 00:34:54,840
Speaker 2: things to do. This one almost killed me when I

607
00:34:54,880 --> 00:34:59,680
Speaker 2: saw it. Chuck the site I think Kid's Health is

608
00:34:59,719 --> 00:35:03,400
Speaker 2: where I got this one, but it said maintain natural

609
00:35:03,440 --> 00:35:06,680
Speaker 2: eye contact with your child. Try not to look away

610
00:35:07,000 --> 00:35:11,000
Speaker 2: or show signs of being upset. Yeah, get like just

611
00:35:11,040 --> 00:35:12,560
Speaker 2: break the arrow off in my heart.

612
00:35:12,760 --> 00:35:13,919
Speaker 1: Yeah, that's pretty sad.

613
00:35:14,160 --> 00:35:17,280
Speaker 2: Like, don't look away and disgust when your child is stuttering,

614
00:35:18,040 --> 00:35:22,600
Speaker 2: you monster, Go look in the mirror and take a

615
00:35:22,640 --> 00:35:25,959
Speaker 2: bamboo shoot and put it underneath your fingernail and think

616
00:35:26,000 --> 00:35:27,000
Speaker 2: about what you've done.

617
00:35:27,840 --> 00:35:31,839
Speaker 1: Another good one is and this feels like something that

618
00:35:32,480 --> 00:35:34,960
Speaker 1: would be easy to do because it seems well intentioned

619
00:35:35,040 --> 00:35:37,719
Speaker 1: to say, like, you know, slow down, son, take your time,

620
00:35:37,800 --> 00:35:41,200
Speaker 1: taking your breath. They say to not do that, yeah,

621
00:35:41,239 --> 00:35:44,320
Speaker 1: because you know, might make things worse.

622
00:35:44,800 --> 00:35:47,240
Speaker 2: Yeah, because what you're doing then is you're drawing attention

623
00:35:47,600 --> 00:35:51,640
Speaker 2: to the idea that your child is not speaking correctly

624
00:35:52,239 --> 00:35:56,480
Speaker 2: and rather than just apparently letting them communicate at their

625
00:35:56,520 --> 00:35:59,560
Speaker 2: own pace. Right. Yeah, there's also seems to be a

626
00:36:00,040 --> 00:36:04,600
Speaker 2: suggestion that the child has learned the child, your kid

627
00:36:04,680 --> 00:36:08,400
Speaker 2: has learned to speak to stutter because they're trying to

628
00:36:08,560 --> 00:36:11,160
Speaker 2: get too much out at once. Yeah, and they may

629
00:36:11,200 --> 00:36:12,719
Speaker 2: have picked that up from you if you have like

630
00:36:12,719 --> 00:36:15,960
Speaker 2: a rush rush rush pace in your household. Yeah, one

631
00:36:16,000 --> 00:36:18,359
Speaker 2: of the things that they suggest is it just kind

632
00:36:18,360 --> 00:36:22,480
Speaker 2: of slow things down at home. And in addition to

633
00:36:22,560 --> 00:36:25,839
Speaker 2: like like schedule wise, and like just taking time and

634
00:36:25,920 --> 00:36:28,799
Speaker 2: just like letting everybody breathe, maybe a little more than you.

635
00:36:28,800 --> 00:36:33,919
Speaker 2: Guys are also speaking more slowly, not just to your kid,

636
00:36:34,640 --> 00:36:38,040
Speaker 2: but also to other people when your kid's around. Yeah,

637
00:36:38,239 --> 00:36:42,879
Speaker 2: speaking slowly, setting an example. It's called modeling your own

638
00:36:43,000 --> 00:36:45,719
Speaker 2: speech so that your kid feels like they don't have

639
00:36:45,760 --> 00:36:48,320
Speaker 2: to blurt everything out at once to get their point across.

640
00:36:48,360 --> 00:36:51,040
Speaker 2: They they're going to be heard no matter how long

641
00:36:51,080 --> 00:36:54,760
Speaker 2: it takes. You're going to sit there and just listen

642
00:36:54,840 --> 00:36:55,800
Speaker 2: to them speak.

643
00:36:56,360 --> 00:36:59,759
Speaker 1: Yeah, and like really listen. Another thing that seems like

644
00:36:59,760 --> 00:37:02,759
Speaker 1: a no brainer, but really just try and focus on

645
00:37:02,960 --> 00:37:06,400
Speaker 1: what they're saying and not the fact that they're stuttering

646
00:37:06,960 --> 00:37:10,040
Speaker 1: those words out. But you know, when your kid tells

647
00:37:10,040 --> 00:37:12,239
Speaker 1: you a story about something that happened at school, right,

648
00:37:12,680 --> 00:37:15,520
Speaker 1: don't concentrate or even bring attention to the fact that

649
00:37:15,560 --> 00:37:18,399
Speaker 1: it's being said with a stutter, but just take take

650
00:37:18,440 --> 00:37:20,280
Speaker 1: in their story and if it takes a little while longer,

651
00:37:20,719 --> 00:37:22,239
Speaker 1: then just respond accordingly.

652
00:37:22,560 --> 00:37:24,960
Speaker 2: Yeah, And in that same vein, like, don't tell your

653
00:37:25,040 --> 00:37:28,600
Speaker 2: kid to stop and start over when they start stuttering. Yeah,

654
00:37:28,680 --> 00:37:31,200
Speaker 2: Like like they have to get the sentence just perfect

655
00:37:31,480 --> 00:37:33,440
Speaker 2: or else you're not going to hear them out, and

656
00:37:33,600 --> 00:37:36,760
Speaker 2: don't tell them to think before speaking. That's not helping

657
00:37:36,800 --> 00:37:37,600
Speaker 2: anything at all.

658
00:37:38,640 --> 00:37:43,839
Speaker 1: Be honest. Yeah, like, don't try and mask it and

659
00:37:43,880 --> 00:37:46,120
Speaker 1: say that, well, you don't have a stutter, like this

660
00:37:46,280 --> 00:37:48,759
Speaker 1: is just you know, you're just in a hurry or

661
00:37:48,760 --> 00:37:51,120
Speaker 1: something like. They just say to be really honest and say,

662
00:37:51,120 --> 00:37:54,760
Speaker 1: you know what, you have a stutter and it's a

663
00:37:54,920 --> 00:37:58,799
Speaker 1: disfluence and it's nothing to worry about and if you'd like,

664
00:37:58,920 --> 00:38:03,040
Speaker 1: maybe we can talk to someone that can do some

665
00:38:03,080 --> 00:38:06,360
Speaker 1: exercises with you. And you know, just like all this

666
00:38:06,400 --> 00:38:09,600
Speaker 1: sounds like no brainer, not being a monster parent.

667
00:38:10,560 --> 00:38:15,000
Speaker 2: Yeah, but again some of it does like telling your

668
00:38:15,040 --> 00:38:18,399
Speaker 2: kid like, okay, slow down, take a breath. Now, what

669
00:38:18,400 --> 00:38:20,839
Speaker 2: are you saying? Like you think you're helping your kid,

670
00:38:20,920 --> 00:38:24,800
Speaker 2: you're not so so not all some of it is monstrosity.

671
00:38:24,920 --> 00:38:27,360
Speaker 2: Others is just like this is this is what people

672
00:38:27,360 --> 00:38:31,040
Speaker 2: would naturally do, but it's and it seems intuitive, but

673
00:38:31,080 --> 00:38:33,920
Speaker 2: you're wrong. Your intuition is dead wrong. Just let your

674
00:38:33,960 --> 00:38:36,439
Speaker 2: kid talk and listen to what they're saying, not how

675
00:38:36,440 --> 00:38:39,920
Speaker 2: they're saying it. Right, and apparently this is this is

676
00:38:40,960 --> 00:38:44,000
Speaker 2: a good These are good, This is good advice. Wow,

677
00:38:44,080 --> 00:38:46,600
Speaker 2: it took me a second to get out. Thank you, though,

678
00:38:46,680 --> 00:38:50,120
Speaker 2: Chuck for patiently hearing it. Then sure, this is good

679
00:38:50,120 --> 00:38:55,240
Speaker 2: advice to helping your kid just naturally shed the stutter,

680
00:38:55,840 --> 00:38:58,759
Speaker 2: the developmental stutter. We should say, all of this we've

681
00:38:58,800 --> 00:39:02,400
Speaker 2: been talking about is is dealing with a developmental stutter,

682
00:39:02,920 --> 00:39:06,840
Speaker 2: although a lot of it just applies to people with

683
00:39:06,840 --> 00:39:09,959
Speaker 2: with adult stutters out in the real world as well.

684
00:39:10,040 --> 00:39:12,640
Speaker 2: Like you can you can take just about all of

685
00:39:12,680 --> 00:39:16,080
Speaker 2: this and apply it to a business conversation if you

686
00:39:16,120 --> 00:39:18,960
Speaker 2: have a coworker who has a stutter, like, don't look

687
00:39:19,000 --> 00:39:22,480
Speaker 2: away in disgust. There's there's good advice right there all

688
00:39:22,520 --> 00:39:25,240
Speaker 2: throughout your life when you're when you're watching or listening

689
00:39:25,280 --> 00:39:26,280
Speaker 2: to somebody with the stutter.

690
00:39:26,680 --> 00:39:31,040
Speaker 1: Yeah, I mean maybe don't do that at all, and like, yeah,

691
00:39:31,760 --> 00:39:33,440
Speaker 1: you know, yeah, life advice.

692
00:39:33,920 --> 00:39:36,200
Speaker 2: But it's it's a good point is if you're sitting

693
00:39:36,239 --> 00:39:39,280
Speaker 2: there and you're and you don't look like you're hurrying

694
00:39:39,360 --> 00:39:43,680
Speaker 2: somebody with the stutter along, You're just engage, You're you're

695
00:39:43,719 --> 00:39:46,480
Speaker 2: into the conversation no matter how long it takes. I

696
00:39:46,520 --> 00:39:49,239
Speaker 2: can't imagine how much that must help. And one thing

697
00:39:49,280 --> 00:39:51,960
Speaker 2: that we didn't really, I think point out that that

698
00:39:52,040 --> 00:39:57,480
Speaker 2: bears pointing out is that people who stutter do not

699
00:39:57,600 --> 00:40:03,040
Speaker 2: necessarily stutter in this same frequency throughout like their day.

700
00:40:03,400 --> 00:40:03,560
Speaker 1: Right.

701
00:40:03,640 --> 00:40:08,080
Speaker 2: Yeah, there's definitely situations that are that are going to

702
00:40:08,120 --> 00:40:11,839
Speaker 2: make the stutter way more pronounced. They're almost exclusively associated

703
00:40:11,880 --> 00:40:17,239
Speaker 2: with higher anxiety situations. I think the National Stuttering Association

704
00:40:18,040 --> 00:40:22,960
Speaker 2: says that the number one situation where a stutter is

705
00:40:23,000 --> 00:40:25,680
Speaker 2: going to be about as bad as it gets is

706
00:40:25,760 --> 00:40:29,840
Speaker 2: during a job interview. And so employers, please don't think

707
00:40:30,120 --> 00:40:32,640
Speaker 2: that this is how this person talks. This is probably

708
00:40:32,640 --> 00:40:35,440
Speaker 2: as bad as their stutter gets. However, they're stuttering in

709
00:40:35,560 --> 00:40:40,400
Speaker 2: the in the job interview. So if they're say at

710
00:40:40,480 --> 00:40:44,400
Speaker 2: home and they're just talking to their wife or their

711
00:40:44,480 --> 00:40:46,680
Speaker 2: kid or something, this stutter's probably going to be far

712
00:40:46,760 --> 00:40:48,920
Speaker 2: less pronounced than it would be if they were having

713
00:40:49,000 --> 00:40:52,080
Speaker 2: to give a speech at their friend's wedding, you know.

714
00:40:52,560 --> 00:40:55,920
Speaker 1: Yeah, And I found that with this person, Emily, and

715
00:40:55,960 --> 00:40:59,279
Speaker 1: I know that it's it can vary a lot within

716
00:40:59,360 --> 00:41:04,319
Speaker 1: a conversation. It's a very severe stutter. And then they

717
00:41:04,360 --> 00:41:08,440
Speaker 1: will say like a couple of sentences straight through with nothing,

718
00:41:09,480 --> 00:41:12,719
Speaker 1: and then I think, oh man, ok, it catches me

719
00:41:12,800 --> 00:41:16,160
Speaker 1: off guard because I'm so used to the stutter, and

720
00:41:16,200 --> 00:41:19,520
Speaker 1: I think, well, you know, that's super interesting to me.

721
00:41:20,080 --> 00:41:23,400
Speaker 1: You just like blurted out a couple of two or

722
00:41:23,400 --> 00:41:27,120
Speaker 1: three long sentences with zero stutter or stammer on the

723
00:41:27,120 --> 00:41:27,560
Speaker 1: same thing.

724
00:41:29,760 --> 00:41:31,520
Speaker 2: I know, but they're fun to say together, aren't they

725
00:41:31,840 --> 00:41:32,239
Speaker 2: They are?

726
00:41:33,320 --> 00:41:38,520
Speaker 1: I don't know, just find it really fascinating. You know,

727
00:41:38,800 --> 00:41:40,960
Speaker 1: speech pathology can come a long way. I know that

728
00:41:41,000 --> 00:41:45,520
Speaker 1: there are Well, it's funny. I looked online about curing stuttering,

729
00:41:45,560 --> 00:41:48,080
Speaker 1: and of course there is no like patented cure. But

730
00:41:48,200 --> 00:41:52,359
Speaker 1: Tony Robbins after listening to our or recording our motivational

731
00:41:52,400 --> 00:41:54,319
Speaker 1: speaker thing, I saw a video. I didn't watch it.

732
00:41:54,760 --> 00:41:57,000
Speaker 1: I just saw the title. It said Tony Robbins cure's

733
00:41:57,040 --> 00:41:58,800
Speaker 1: a man of a stutter in seven minutes.

734
00:42:00,400 --> 00:42:03,040
Speaker 2: So I was like, oh, come on, Yeah, yeah, I

735
00:42:03,040 --> 00:42:08,800
Speaker 2: didn't see anything that said stutter stuttering cures. There's basically none.

736
00:42:09,200 --> 00:42:11,879
Speaker 1: Yeah, I did not look into I didn't have time

737
00:42:11,920 --> 00:42:14,480
Speaker 1: to look into this new device though, did you.

738
00:42:15,440 --> 00:42:18,239
Speaker 2: Uh, yeah, a little bit. It seems pretty untested as

739
00:42:18,280 --> 00:42:23,080
Speaker 2: far as real world application goes, but it makes sense intuitively,

740
00:42:23,400 --> 00:42:25,800
Speaker 2: and apparently it does help in a clinical setting.

741
00:42:26,840 --> 00:42:30,000
Speaker 1: So basically it's like an ear like a hearing aid, right,

742
00:42:30,520 --> 00:42:34,480
Speaker 1: but it changes the person who's speaking's voice and a

743
00:42:34,520 --> 00:42:38,759
Speaker 1: little bit does it replay it? Yeah, out loud for everybody.

744
00:42:38,400 --> 00:42:40,920
Speaker 2: No, just for the person in their ear right. Because

745
00:42:41,520 --> 00:42:44,360
Speaker 2: the one of the ways that somebody who stutters will

746
00:42:44,520 --> 00:42:48,200
Speaker 2: be able to talk perfectly well is speaking in unison

747
00:42:48,600 --> 00:42:51,480
Speaker 2: or singing. Oh okay, so like you, you can be

748
00:42:51,560 --> 00:42:54,040
Speaker 2: sitting there talking to somebody just one on one, and

749
00:42:54,480 --> 00:42:56,799
Speaker 2: your stutter could be quite severe. But then if you

750
00:42:56,840 --> 00:42:59,400
Speaker 2: and the person agree to sing together, you may not

751
00:42:59,440 --> 00:43:03,600
Speaker 2: stutter at all the whole time you're singing. And I

752
00:43:04,239 --> 00:43:07,200
Speaker 2: have no one has any idea why that's the case.

753
00:43:07,640 --> 00:43:10,200
Speaker 2: They just know. And this device is based on that

754
00:43:10,200 --> 00:43:13,319
Speaker 2: that when we're talking in unison, or someone who has

755
00:43:13,320 --> 00:43:16,280
Speaker 2: a stutter's talking in unison with somebody else, their stutter

756
00:43:16,360 --> 00:43:18,759
Speaker 2: tends to go away. So what this does is it

757
00:43:18,800 --> 00:43:20,759
Speaker 2: creates an echo. There's a bit of a lag with

758
00:43:20,800 --> 00:43:23,560
Speaker 2: their own voice, so they feel like they're talking in unice.

759
00:43:23,360 --> 00:43:24,719
Speaker 1: With themselves, and.

760
00:43:24,680 --> 00:43:27,279
Speaker 2: So it helps the stutter again, at least in a

761
00:43:27,320 --> 00:43:30,560
Speaker 2: clinical setting. I don't know if it would just be

762
00:43:30,640 --> 00:43:33,799
Speaker 2: too distracting in a conversation or what. But I got

763
00:43:33,840 --> 00:43:37,200
Speaker 2: the impression that they haven't tested it fully or proven

764
00:43:37,239 --> 00:43:38,800
Speaker 2: it fully outside of the lab.

765
00:43:38,960 --> 00:43:43,040
Speaker 1: Well, the singing makes sense because remember mel Tillis, the

766
00:43:43,160 --> 00:43:47,200
Speaker 1: name sounds familiar. He was a country singer who had

767
00:43:47,200 --> 00:43:51,480
Speaker 1: a really pronounced stutter, kind of around like the fifties,

768
00:43:51,560 --> 00:43:55,520
Speaker 1: sixties and seventies. Seventies is when he was biggest. But yeah,

769
00:43:55,560 --> 00:43:57,920
Speaker 1: but you know he was on like Hehaw and stuff,

770
00:43:58,360 --> 00:44:03,279
Speaker 1: randall aupry Bird and then has has had a tough

771
00:44:03,320 --> 00:44:05,759
Speaker 1: stutter when he was talking to the audience and that's

772
00:44:05,760 --> 00:44:08,560
Speaker 1: what he was known for. Oh yeah, yeah, it was

773
00:44:08,640 --> 00:44:10,520
Speaker 1: like you know, obviously wouldn't act, but.

774
00:44:11,880 --> 00:44:12,880
Speaker 2: It was his stick.

775
00:44:13,320 --> 00:44:14,160
Speaker 1: Yeah.

776
00:44:14,200 --> 00:44:18,879
Speaker 2: Speaking of so another famous stutter chuck, are we there?

777
00:44:19,120 --> 00:44:24,840
Speaker 2: Yeah yeah, Porky Pig. Yeah yeah, so I was I

778
00:44:24,960 --> 00:44:28,000
Speaker 2: was looking up Porky Pig, right, because you know, that's

779
00:44:28,200 --> 00:44:31,320
Speaker 2: an unusual choice to have a cartoon character who stutters

780
00:44:31,440 --> 00:44:33,880
Speaker 2: U And it turns out that Porky Pig has a

781
00:44:33,920 --> 00:44:38,160
Speaker 2: stutter because the guy who originally did Porky Pig, Joe Doherty,

782
00:44:38,920 --> 00:44:42,359
Speaker 2: had a stutter in real life. Oh really yeah pretty sweet? Huh?

783
00:44:42,400 --> 00:44:47,600
Speaker 2: Pretty heartwarming? Well wait there's more. Yeah, he did Porky

784
00:44:47,600 --> 00:44:49,640
Speaker 2: Pick for the first two years, and then they fired

785
00:44:49,719 --> 00:44:53,840
Speaker 2: him because he kept missing the cues because of his stutter,

786
00:44:54,440 --> 00:44:55,960
Speaker 2: and they brought in a guy who didn't have a

787
00:44:56,000 --> 00:44:57,840
Speaker 2: starter to do Porky Pig from that point on.

788
00:44:58,719 --> 00:45:00,680
Speaker 1: But he did it with a stutter, Yeah, because it

789
00:45:00,719 --> 00:45:04,480
Speaker 1: was established right, Well, that's creddy and that's sad. That

790
00:45:04,600 --> 00:45:07,520
Speaker 1: is sad. Yeah, except Porky Pig's trick was to go

791
00:45:07,600 --> 00:45:08,680
Speaker 1: to a different word.

792
00:45:08,760 --> 00:45:11,480
Speaker 2: Yeah, which is a fairly common technique though.

793
00:45:11,320 --> 00:45:13,719
Speaker 1: Yeah, I imagine. So yeah, like if you get hung

794
00:45:13,800 --> 00:45:16,920
Speaker 1: up on something, just say something else that means the

795
00:45:16,920 --> 00:45:17,359
Speaker 1: same thing.

796
00:45:17,600 --> 00:45:21,439
Speaker 2: Yeah, that's a good one. Or I think people will say, oh,

797
00:45:21,480 --> 00:45:24,640
Speaker 2: I can't remember and just act like they can't remember

798
00:45:24,680 --> 00:45:26,719
Speaker 2: the word when they know full well what word they're

799
00:45:26,760 --> 00:45:29,680
Speaker 2: going for. They just can't they can't say it, so

800
00:45:29,719 --> 00:45:32,920
Speaker 2: they just pretend like they couldn't or they forgot what

801
00:45:32,920 --> 00:45:33,880
Speaker 2: they were talking about.

802
00:45:34,800 --> 00:45:37,520
Speaker 1: Should we name off some of these other famous stutters,

803
00:45:37,600 --> 00:45:41,640
Speaker 1: because I think if you're an adult stutter, you probably

804
00:45:41,800 --> 00:45:44,279
Speaker 1: know these people. Sure you may have looked it up

805
00:45:44,520 --> 00:45:47,040
Speaker 1: to feel a kinship, but maybe if you're a little

806
00:45:47,080 --> 00:45:48,759
Speaker 1: kid out there, it might make you feel better to

807
00:45:48,840 --> 00:45:56,439
Speaker 1: know that Darth Vader himself, James Earl Jones was a stutter, yeah,

808
00:45:56,560 --> 00:46:04,160
Speaker 1: big time. Emily Blunt, Yep, she's terrific. Samuel Jackson surprising

809
00:46:04,280 --> 00:46:07,880
Speaker 1: right there. Yeah, because the F bombs flow from his mouth.

810
00:46:08,640 --> 00:46:13,120
Speaker 1: He was born with that talent. Who else from pulp fiction,

811
00:46:13,239 --> 00:46:14,279
Speaker 1: Harvey Kayitel.

812
00:46:14,640 --> 00:46:18,000
Speaker 2: Yeah, I can't see Harvey Kytel stuttering.

813
00:46:18,840 --> 00:46:21,319
Speaker 1: No, And I guess all of these people just went

814
00:46:21,360 --> 00:46:23,040
Speaker 1: through speech therapy. Huh.

815
00:46:23,600 --> 00:46:25,400
Speaker 2: I would guess so, or else they all took.

816
00:46:25,280 --> 00:46:29,719
Speaker 1: Mushrooms because it doesn't say whether or not they were

817
00:46:29,760 --> 00:46:31,960
Speaker 1: like stuttered as a child or when they overcame it.

818
00:46:32,719 --> 00:46:39,200
Speaker 1: But Nicole Kidman, Albert Einstein, Oh really, Carly Simon, and.

819
00:46:39,120 --> 00:46:41,880
Speaker 2: You said Winston Churchill earlier too, he had a stutter

820
00:46:41,920 --> 00:46:42,279
Speaker 2: as well.

821
00:46:42,640 --> 00:46:44,200
Speaker 1: Yeah, Bruce Willis.

822
00:46:45,000 --> 00:46:49,960
Speaker 2: Yeah, that's kysing too. Huh. Shack I could see. I

823
00:46:49,960 --> 00:46:52,600
Speaker 2: think I've actually seen Shack stutter before on TV.

824
00:46:53,480 --> 00:46:59,840
Speaker 1: Really see Bill Walton, Tiger Woods, Charles Darwin, Jane Seymour,

825
00:46:59,880 --> 00:47:04,080
Speaker 1: doctor Quinn herself. Yeah, Joe Biden, who will hopefully run

826
00:47:04,080 --> 00:47:08,080
Speaker 1: for president, right, you became his stutter?

827
00:47:08,760 --> 00:47:12,920
Speaker 2: Yeah, well all of them did, which is great. But

828
00:47:12,960 --> 00:47:14,799
Speaker 2: at the same time, there are people out there who

829
00:47:14,800 --> 00:47:18,200
Speaker 2: have accepted that they have a stutter. They probably spend

830
00:47:18,239 --> 00:47:19,839
Speaker 2: a lot of time and money trying to get rid

831
00:47:19,880 --> 00:47:22,560
Speaker 2: of it and it hasn't gone anywhere, so they've kind

832
00:47:22,600 --> 00:47:25,279
Speaker 2: of embraced it. So I mean, if you've gotten rid

833
00:47:25,320 --> 00:47:27,719
Speaker 2: of your stutter and you've overcome it, that's great. But

834
00:47:27,800 --> 00:47:30,040
Speaker 2: if you've also embraced it, good for you as well.

835
00:47:30,360 --> 00:47:31,839
Speaker 1: Oh boy, how about this one? You want to talk

836
00:47:31,840 --> 00:47:34,320
Speaker 1: about overcoming a stutter Kendrick Lamar?

837
00:47:35,000 --> 00:47:35,880
Speaker 2: Oh yeah, wow.

838
00:47:35,960 --> 00:47:39,720
Speaker 1: If you can overcome a stutter and then become Kendrick Lamar, right,

839
00:47:39,880 --> 00:47:42,880
Speaker 1: then that should be a shining example people that you

840
00:47:42,920 --> 00:47:43,560
Speaker 1: can do anything.

841
00:47:43,920 --> 00:47:46,719
Speaker 2: Yeah, or if you embrace your stutter, good for you

842
00:47:46,800 --> 00:47:48,080
Speaker 2: as well.

843
00:47:48,239 --> 00:47:51,040
Speaker 1: Agreed, because you could be Mel Tillis, who was the

844
00:47:51,160 --> 00:47:55,320
Speaker 1: Kendrick Lamar of country music, or Porky Pig, the Kendrick

845
00:47:55,400 --> 00:47:56,200
Speaker 1: Lamar of cartoon.

846
00:47:58,360 --> 00:47:59,920
Speaker 2: You got anything else about stuttering?

847
00:48:00,000 --> 00:48:02,520
Speaker 1: I got nothing else. We'd love to hear from people, though, huh.

848
00:48:02,280 --> 00:48:06,000
Speaker 2: Yeah, for sure. Get in touch with us. And in

849
00:48:06,040 --> 00:48:09,440
Speaker 2: the meantime, you can find more stuff about stuttering, including

850
00:48:09,480 --> 00:48:14,279
Speaker 2: a lot of support and resources for parents all over

851
00:48:14,320 --> 00:48:17,880
Speaker 2: the web, and there's things like say dot org and

852
00:48:17,920 --> 00:48:21,160
Speaker 2: the National Stuttering Association and all sorts of great resources

853
00:48:21,560 --> 00:48:26,680
Speaker 2: if you are looking for some information. And since I said, uh,

854
00:48:26,719 --> 00:48:31,960
Speaker 2: it's time for the listener mail, all right, I'll.

855
00:48:31,719 --> 00:48:36,200
Speaker 1: Call this coming to see you in Chicago, but by

856
00:48:36,200 --> 00:48:39,600
Speaker 1: this point we'll be I went to see you in Chicago.

857
00:48:39,520 --> 00:48:41,120
Speaker 2: Right and was disappointed.

858
00:48:42,480 --> 00:48:43,960
Speaker 1: Hey, guys, want to write in and say what a

859
00:48:44,000 --> 00:48:47,839
Speaker 1: great show I just saw? NOD. I want to write

860
00:48:47,880 --> 00:48:49,760
Speaker 1: and say thank you for putting together a really great podcast,

861
00:48:49,880 --> 00:48:52,400
Speaker 1: longtime listener and fan and not even mentioning you in

862
00:48:52,480 --> 00:48:55,279
Speaker 1: my work bio and I checked it out and you did.

863
00:48:55,440 --> 00:48:56,120
Speaker 2: That's awesome.

864
00:48:56,360 --> 00:48:59,000
Speaker 1: I really appreciate that. Stuff you should know is informative, funny,

865
00:48:59,360 --> 00:49:02,600
Speaker 1: and family all at the same time. This was especially

866
00:49:02,640 --> 00:49:05,160
Speaker 1: valuable when my fiance and I took his ten year

867
00:49:05,160 --> 00:49:08,840
Speaker 1: old brother on a road trip from Chicago to Wisconsin Dell's.

868
00:49:09,680 --> 00:49:12,360
Speaker 1: In the car, we listened to a playlist of SYSK

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Speaker 1: episodes that I put together to suit his ten year

870
00:49:15,360 --> 00:49:18,719
Speaker 1: old taste. How spiders work, how ice cream works, and,

871
00:49:18,800 --> 00:49:21,799
Speaker 1: most importantly, because we were going to Wisconsin, Dell's self

872
00:49:21,800 --> 00:49:24,440
Speaker 1: proclaimed water park capital of the World, how water slides

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00:49:24,480 --> 00:49:28,080
Speaker 1: work nice, which oddly is one of our highest performing

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Speaker 1: shows ever.

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00:49:29,120 --> 00:49:32,000
Speaker 2: People love water Slides, man, they love hearing about them,

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00:49:32,000 --> 00:49:33,480
Speaker 2: they love looking at pictures of them.

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00:49:33,560 --> 00:49:36,239
Speaker 1: It got shared or something. It was so weird. I

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00:49:36,239 --> 00:49:38,360
Speaker 1: can't remember, but I went to look at our download

879
00:49:38,440 --> 00:49:39,759
Speaker 1: numbers one time and I was like.

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00:49:39,880 --> 00:49:43,160
Speaker 2: Water Slides is the top? Huh higher than marijuana?

881
00:49:44,440 --> 00:49:46,400
Speaker 1: Well higher than marijuana.

882
00:49:47,320 --> 00:49:48,080
Speaker 2: Hilarious.

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00:49:49,760 --> 00:49:51,920
Speaker 1: Those episodes really entertained him and introduced him to the

884
00:49:51,920 --> 00:49:54,640
Speaker 1: concept of podcasts for the very first time. Thanks for

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00:49:54,680 --> 00:49:57,840
Speaker 1: everything you do, and she said, they're going to see

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00:49:58,320 --> 00:50:02,560
Speaker 1: the fiance and Mara or Mara are going to see

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00:50:02,560 --> 00:50:04,640
Speaker 1: the Chicago show. So I hope you had a good time.

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00:50:05,360 --> 00:50:07,840
Speaker 2: Yeah, and thank you very much for supporting us in

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00:50:07,880 --> 00:50:12,120
Speaker 2: our live shows. We appreciate that tremendously for sure. If

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00:50:12,120 --> 00:50:14,040
Speaker 2: you want to get in touch with us, like Mara did,

891
00:50:14,120 --> 00:50:16,919
Speaker 2: or Mara We're gonna go with Mara, you can send

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00:50:16,960 --> 00:50:19,960
Speaker 2: us all an email, including Noel and including Jerry and

893
00:50:20,000 --> 00:50:23,240
Speaker 2: Frank the chair to Stuff podcast at HowStuffWorks dot com,

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00:50:23,360 --> 00:50:25,000
Speaker 2: as always joined us at our home on the web,

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Speaker 2: Stuff Youshould Know dot com.

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00:50:29,280 --> 00:50:32,160
Speaker 1: Stuff You Should Know is a production of iHeartRadio. For

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00:50:32,280 --> 00:50:36,440
Speaker 1: more podcasts my Heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple podcasts,

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00:50:36,560 --> 00:50:38,400
Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.