WEBVTT - Interstate Highways...in Hawaii? 

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<v Speaker 1>Mine would be, how are there interstate highways in Hawaii?

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<v Speaker 1>It's one more thing.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh, wow. Armstrong and Getty. One more thing.

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<v Speaker 1>That was intentionally stupid. We started talking about this on

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<v Speaker 1>the Armstrong and Getty radio show, which is available via podcast,

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<v Speaker 1>but you know that. It was a list of 100

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<v Speaker 1>answers to the question. What is the greatest unsolved problem

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<v Speaker 1>in your field? They asked this of scientists. The New

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<v Speaker 1>York Times did.

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<v Speaker 2>And I said, in our field of radio, how is

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<v Speaker 2>blank still on the air is the most unsolved question

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<v Speaker 2>in our field. And I can't fill in the blank. Meow.

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<v Speaker 1>And just in case you didn't get that segment, this

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<v Speaker 1>will just take seconds. I'll plow through the ones we

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<v Speaker 1>already did, although we won't stop to consider them. Did

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<v Speaker 1>time have a beginning when our universe was very small?

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<v Speaker 1>What preceded the Big Bang? How many dimensions does it

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<v Speaker 1>take to describe the formation and evolution of our universe?

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<v Speaker 1>That one I don't even understand. I suppose I should

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<v Speaker 1>pause for at least a second so people hearing this

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<v Speaker 1>can kind of.

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<v Speaker 2>V, what was before the Big Bang? I've thought about

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<v Speaker 2>many times, and then I get a cramp in my head.

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<v Speaker 1>Right, and as you pointed out on the show, if

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<v Speaker 1>the universe is expanding, what's beyond the edge of that expansion? Farmland?

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<v Speaker 1>I don't know. When and where did the cognitive capacities

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<v Speaker 1>that made language, mathematics, and complex societies possible first emerge?

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<v Speaker 1>Why and how did the human brain expand so quickly

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<v Speaker 1>during the Ice Age? You know what? Go back and

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<v Speaker 1>listen to the segment. I'm tired of this. Let's move

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<v Speaker 1>on to the new ones. Let's see. Okay, we did

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<v Speaker 1>that one. We did that one.

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<v Speaker 2>Although that stuff is really, I think it's really interesting

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<v Speaker 2>that we actually don't, we don't know why life started.

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<v Speaker 2>We don't know what consciousness, we don't really have a

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<v Speaker 2>good definition for all that sort of stuff or why

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<v Speaker 2>we have it. There's lots of things that it's amazing

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<v Speaker 2>that it's still unknown.

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<v Speaker 1>And look, if you're a religious person, because inevitably we

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<v Speaker 1>get emails about the creation, blah, blah, blah. All right, look, look,

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<v Speaker 1>use your imagination. By what mechanism did God create life

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<v Speaker 1>on earth?

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<v Speaker 2>Okay?

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<v Speaker 1>Just look at it that way.

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<v Speaker 2>All right.

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<v Speaker 1>So they asked a bunch of scientists. Here's a marine

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<v Speaker 1>ecologist at the Scripps Institution at the University of California,

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<v Speaker 1>San Diego. How many undiscovered animal species live in the

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<v Speaker 1>deep sea, and do they matter?

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<v Speaker 2>Right. My son would be into that one.

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<v Speaker 1>Here's a marine biologist who wants to know, why do

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<v Speaker 1>so many marine organisms glow, including some that live in burrows?

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<v Speaker 1>I don't know. They get scared in the dark. I

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<v Speaker 1>don't know. How did some animals evolve to be strictly nocturnal?

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<v Speaker 1>One entomologist wants to know. This is a good, simple one. Biochemist,

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<v Speaker 1>University of Pennsylvania. Why do we sleep?

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, they don't know why we sleep. They know benefits

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<v Speaker 2>we get from sleeping.

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<v Speaker 1>Because I'm frigging tired. What kind of question is that?

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<v Speaker 1>Here's a neuroscientist, Boston University. Which other animals dream and

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<v Speaker 1>how similar are their dreams to ours?

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<v Speaker 2>You think cats have a dream that they're late for work?

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<v Speaker 1>I don't know. It's the final exam, and they've never

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<v Speaker 1>been to their class. Yeah, I don't know.

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<v Speaker 2>I have that one.

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<v Speaker 1>Like once a week.

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<v Speaker 2>Biggest, juiciest, tastiest mouse ever, and it's like I'm running

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<v Speaker 2>in quicksand trying.

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<v Speaker 1>To catch it. Oh, I want to eat it so bad.

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<v Speaker 2>This is interesting.

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<v Speaker 1>A vertebrate geneticist wants to know, why do animals that

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<v Speaker 1>fly live longer? I didn't know they did. Mm-hmm. There's

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<v Speaker 1>a physician scientist at Scripps. Can the human aging process

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<v Speaker 1>be safely reversed? I mean, that's kind of a universal one, right?

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<v Speaker 2>Some of these... I feel like if you figured it

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<v Speaker 2>out today, it would have no effect on anything. Maybe

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<v Speaker 2>I'm unimaginative. Like, I think it'd be pretty damn interesting.

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<v Speaker 2>What was before the Big Bang? I feel like that's

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<v Speaker 2>a mind bender that would be. But if it turns out, hey,

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<v Speaker 2>birds live longer because, I don't know, they're corpuscles or something.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm not sure that has much effect on me.

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<v Speaker 1>Well, you lack curiosity, apparently. Yeah, I mean, like this

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<v Speaker 1>one from the Swiss scientist. Can we make the wildlife

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<v Speaker 1>trade sustainable? What? Maybe, probably.

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<v Speaker 2>That's not the same sort of question.

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<v Speaker 1>Princeton guy wants to know, will climate change increase or

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<v Speaker 1>reduce the ocean's biological productivity? And if it increases it,

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<v Speaker 1>is that good? Let's see. That's not that interesting. You're

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<v Speaker 1>very dull, sir. Again, dull.

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<v Speaker 2>I think this is not a question. I guess I

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<v Speaker 2>answered this question a while back. I was fascinated when

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<v Speaker 2>they I think this is a new one in the

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<v Speaker 2>last couple of years that eyes developed independently. They used

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<v Speaker 2>to think it was just like a one, one stream

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<v Speaker 2>of eyeballs, the ability to see, but they now there's

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<v Speaker 2>something like 27 independent examples of eyes emerging in life.

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<v Speaker 1>Wow.

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<v Speaker 2>Which is stunning to think about.

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<v Speaker 1>The idea of, Hey, I've got an idea. How about,

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<v Speaker 1>I don't know. Some roughly spherical things that could enable

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<v Speaker 1>you to take in your environment visually. What do you

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<v Speaker 1>mean by visually? No, no, no. I'm thinking like, you

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<v Speaker 1>know how we feel our way around and smell? What

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<v Speaker 1>if we could see all of it? What do you

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<v Speaker 1>mean by see? The dawn of visual technology. you know, comprehension,

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<v Speaker 1>but so you had, it's hard to even get well contemplated.

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<v Speaker 2>So you had some eyeless little tadpoles and you get

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<v Speaker 2>a mutation where one, for some reason senses light in

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<v Speaker 2>a way that others don't. And that helps it find

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<v Speaker 2>the food or air or something. So it's some hot,

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<v Speaker 2>hot tadpoles to get with procreates better. And then the

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<v Speaker 2>more light you can take it or something like that,

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<v Speaker 2>I guess.

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<v Speaker 1>But yeah. Let's see. Why did the first members of

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<v Speaker 1>our lineage start walking on two legs? A paleoanthropologist wants

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<v Speaker 1>to know.

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<v Speaker 2>They don't know that.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah. Likewise, did Neanderthals, that's my people, and early Homo

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<v Speaker 1>sapiens share their lives and cultures as well as their genes?

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<v Speaker 2>They don't know that. They don't know if it was

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<v Speaker 2>like willingly interbreeding or one basically dominating another tribe and

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<v Speaker 2>raping its women. Right.

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<v Speaker 1>Here's an anthropologist from the University of Kansas where you

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<v Speaker 1>were at least briefly a student. What was life like

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<v Speaker 1>for the Denisovans? Same day, different, you know, different, same, different,

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<v Speaker 1>different day, same.

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<v Speaker 2>Who were the Denisovans?

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<v Speaker 1>Another one of your ancient man type beings, I guess.

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<v Speaker 1>I remember reading about them, but I don't remember a

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<v Speaker 1>damn thing about them. Why did modern humans and not

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<v Speaker 1>other homonyms, become so numerous and develop such complex culture

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<v Speaker 1>and technology. So obviously we're in anthropology here and moving

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<v Speaker 1>on to neuroscience. Most animals, including humans, find social encounters

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<v Speaker 1>more attractive than other activities. How does the social brain work?

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, getting to the anthropology stuff, I didn't know this,

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<v Speaker 2>I think, until I read Homo Sapiens, which is a

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<v Speaker 2>really great book if you like this sort of stuff.

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<v Speaker 2>They're The reason you're confused on a lot of these

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<v Speaker 2>things is there's lots of different theories, and they aren't

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<v Speaker 2>settled upon. So you hear one, read one, see it

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<v Speaker 2>in a documentary, somebody tells you or whatever, and you think,

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<v Speaker 2>or I always thought, okay, that's what they've learned. No,

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<v Speaker 2>there's all kinds of different. They aren't sure on lots

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<v Speaker 2>and lots of this stuff.

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<v Speaker 1>Right, right. Okay, here's one we've all thought about, followed

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<v Speaker 1>by one nobody has thought about. How do ants work

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<v Speaker 1>together to produce the collective behavior of colonies? It's a

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<v Speaker 1>Stanford biologist. Deborah Gordon wants to know that. I think

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<v Speaker 1>we've all wondered that. How do they all know what

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<v Speaker 1>their job is and what to do and where to go?

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<v Speaker 2>They're going really fast. They really know it. You don't

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<v Speaker 2>see one looking around like, I wonder what I'm supposed

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<v Speaker 2>to do. I guess I'll go grab a piece of sand.

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<v Speaker 1>Again, that one's universal. Then you've got Daniel Lieberman, who's

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<v Speaker 1>an evolutionary biologist at Harvard University. Here's the question he's

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<v Speaker 1>desperate to answer. Why are humans the only species with

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<v Speaker 1>a chins? Seriously, dude?

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<v Speaker 2>What?

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<v Speaker 1>It's an interesting question.

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<v Speaker 2>I didn't know we were the only species with a chin,

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<v Speaker 2>but as I'm thinking about it, I can't come up

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<v Speaker 2>with anything.

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<v Speaker 1>Do horses? No, not really.

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<v Speaker 2>Monkeys do not have chins.

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<v Speaker 1>No. Well, he's a damn Harvard evolutionary biologist. I'm sure

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<v Speaker 1>the premise of his question is sound.

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<v Speaker 2>I would assume so. Like, we're going to discover. Hey,

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<v Speaker 2>wait a second.

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<v Speaker 1>You know, I'm going to spend the rest of my

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<v Speaker 1>life looking at beasts. Look, there's a squirrel. Chinless. Hey,

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<v Speaker 1>a fish. I ordered fish for dinner. No chin on

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<v Speaker 1>that thing.

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<v Speaker 2>My son's super into evolution and all this different sort

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<v Speaker 2>of stuff, a lot of these questions. And as he

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<v Speaker 2>has pointed out to me, there doesn't have to be

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<v Speaker 2>a reason for everything because some of them are just,

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<v Speaker 2>you know, aberration and it just stuck.

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<v Speaker 1>For whatever reason. It's a happy accident.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, the happy accident. Most of it is for a reason,

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<v Speaker 2>but it doesn't have to be. So it's possible that

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<v Speaker 2>the chin came along with something else that was beneficial, or,

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<v Speaker 2>you know, the guy with the chin, yeah, I'm going

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<v Speaker 2>to have sex with that guy. Look at him with

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<v Speaker 2>his thing at the bottom of his head. I don't

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<v Speaker 2>really like the looks of that.

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<v Speaker 1>Wow, he's got like a mouth and stuff below it.

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<v Speaker 2>Let's get it on. I'm going to have babies.

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<v Speaker 1>With that dude. Yeah. um so here's another great one

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<v Speaker 1>uh and i've i've wondered about this uh myself when

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<v Speaker 1>in our evolutionary history did the human pattern of slow

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<v Speaker 1>childhood development emerge because there are some beasts that are

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<v Speaker 1>ready to leave the nest i mean quickly yeah we

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<v Speaker 1>are humans.

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<v Speaker 2>Elephants we are really an outlier on that.

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<v Speaker 1>Right right our babies are completely helpless um let's see

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<v Speaker 1>uh obvious one which you brought up indirectly How did

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<v Speaker 1>the building blocks of life like proteins and nucleic acid

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<v Speaker 1>first organize into a living cell? We're into kind of

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<v Speaker 1>theoretical physics and stuff here, which just gives me a headache.

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<v Speaker 1>I mean, like this one. Do organisms use quantum effects

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<v Speaker 1>such as entanglement and superposition?

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<v Speaker 2>I was wondering that.

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<v Speaker 1>Mostly just weasels. They do.

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<v Speaker 2>Chinless, chinless weasels.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah. Here's a virologist at the University of Sydney. He

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<v Speaker 1>wants to know, how did viruses originate? Well, dude, if

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<v Speaker 1>you don't know, nobody does. So keep digging.

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<v Speaker 2>It's funny on some of this stuff, like the question

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<v Speaker 2>that we didn't understand. I had a girlfriend for a while.

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<v Speaker 2>She was a PhD, and nobody could understand what she studied. Like,

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<v Speaker 2>I never heard her explain it to a single person

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<v Speaker 2>ever who had any idea, including her own family, when

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<v Speaker 2>she got awarded her Ph.D. Like her mom or brother, friend, me. No,

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<v Speaker 2>but nobody had any idea. She tried to explain it.

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<v Speaker 2>It was just like, all right, good luck with that.

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<v Speaker 2>But there's so many things out there that, you know,

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<v Speaker 2>are not only a mystery to all of us. We

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<v Speaker 2>don't even know what you're talking about.

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<v Speaker 1>Right. Yeah. Here's a geophysicist at the University of Southern California, rather,

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<v Speaker 1>USC as it's known. Can we identify any visible sign

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<v Speaker 1>that a major earthquake is coming?

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<v Speaker 2>That's a big one. I don't think we can, but

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<v Speaker 2>what do I know?

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<v Speaker 1>I like this one. Venus and Earth are of similar

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<v Speaker 1>size and are similarly close to the sun. Why are

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<v Speaker 1>they so different? That's a great one.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and that really gets to the.

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<v Speaker 1>Life.

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<v Speaker 2>Why here and nowhere else?

0:12:05.250 --> 0:12:08.470
<v Speaker 1>Here's another biggie. How many stars host planets like the Earth?

0:12:09.110 --> 0:12:09.290
<v Speaker 2>Yep.

0:12:11.010 --> 0:12:15.290
<v Speaker 1>Why has evolution given human females a relatively narrow Goldilocks

0:12:15.410 --> 0:12:20.390
<v Speaker 1>zone for successful reproduction? In spite of what they're telling

0:12:20.429 --> 0:12:23.980
<v Speaker 1>you in magazines, you're way, way, way better off, you

0:12:24.000 --> 0:12:28.040
<v Speaker 1>and the kid, you know, between the ages of Frankly,

0:12:28.040 --> 0:12:34.260
<v Speaker 1>15 and 35. Not that it's impossible to go beyond that.

0:12:34.320 --> 0:12:36.060
<v Speaker 1>Judy and I did. But anyway.

0:12:37.260 --> 0:12:39.579
<v Speaker 2>Particularly on the younger end, and for all kinds of

0:12:39.620 --> 0:12:49.219
<v Speaker 2>reasons that I'm for. Yeah, biologically, much healthier and more

0:12:49.260 --> 0:12:52.020
<v Speaker 2>likely to be able to pull it off well at

0:12:52.020 --> 0:12:54.520
<v Speaker 2>16 than you are 36.

0:12:55.200 --> 0:12:58.260
<v Speaker 1>Here's Helen Scales, a marine biologist. Her big question is,

0:12:58.580 --> 0:13:01.140
<v Speaker 1>blue whales are the biggest animals ever to exist on Earth.

0:13:01.470 --> 0:13:04.849
<v Speaker 1>Where are their babies born? We don't know. What? No,

0:13:06.410 --> 0:13:06.750
<v Speaker 1>we don't know.

0:13:07.350 --> 0:13:11.630
<v Speaker 2>In the ocean, I would assume. Las Vegas.

0:13:13.650 --> 0:13:16.750
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, well, yes, in the ocean. Where in the ocean,

0:13:16.809 --> 0:13:18.970
<v Speaker 1>damn it? Where, you simpleton?

0:13:18.990 --> 0:13:19.970
<v Speaker 2>We don't know that.

0:13:21.309 --> 0:13:25.630
<v Speaker 1>No, no. They've never observed it, I think. That's right.

0:13:25.650 --> 0:13:26.080
<v Speaker 1>Blue whales.

0:13:26.140 --> 0:13:27.800
<v Speaker 2>Did you say blue whales are the biggest thing that

0:13:27.860 --> 0:13:29.020
<v Speaker 2>ever lived? That's not true.

0:13:29.120 --> 0:13:32.200
<v Speaker 1>Oh, yes. Ever lived? You're supposed to learn that when

0:13:32.220 --> 0:13:35.319
<v Speaker 1>you're seven years old. It's right there in your dinosaur books.

0:13:35.840 --> 0:13:37.319
<v Speaker 2>It's bigger than the dinosaurs?

0:13:37.620 --> 0:13:40.490
<v Speaker 1>Oh, please. Dinosaurs are pansies compared to the blue whale.

0:13:40.900 --> 0:13:44.290
<v Speaker 1>Tiny little dinosaurs. Please, get out of my way, bellows

0:13:44.350 --> 0:13:46.109
<v Speaker 1>the mighty blue whale. Oh, yeah?

0:13:46.130 --> 0:13:49.530
<v Speaker 2>Where'd your baby come from? Baby hiding idiot.

0:13:50.630 --> 0:13:55.070
<v Speaker 1>Nobody knows, and neither will you, stupid. Now go get extinct, huh?

0:13:57.040 --> 0:13:59.819
<v Speaker 1>Most cancers are not genetic, so why do they occur?

0:14:01.460 --> 0:14:03.480
<v Speaker 2>I've talked about that many times, because when I got cancer,

0:14:03.500 --> 0:14:05.400
<v Speaker 2>it just happened to coincide with an article in the

0:14:05.420 --> 0:14:07.040
<v Speaker 2>Wall Street Journal at the time that said the number

0:14:07.110 --> 0:14:09.930
<v Speaker 2>one cause of cancer is bad luck.

0:14:10.570 --> 0:14:14.050
<v Speaker 1>Right. Here's another cancer doctor. Why does the immune system

0:14:14.090 --> 0:14:16.870
<v Speaker 1>in some people and not others control cancers and viruses?

0:14:17.190 --> 0:14:20.840
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, cancer just comes out of nowhere. Different kinds.

0:14:21.880 --> 0:14:25.760
<v Speaker 1>Here's a cell biologist at UC Davis. Who knows? He

0:14:25.780 --> 0:14:28.400
<v Speaker 1>might be listening to the show. when will we learn

0:14:28.440 --> 0:14:31.080
<v Speaker 1>how to use stem cells to grow new healthy organs

0:14:31.120 --> 0:14:34.410
<v Speaker 1>that can replace old or diseased ones soon?

0:14:34.470 --> 0:14:35.790
<v Speaker 2>I hope that would be wild.

0:14:36.930 --> 0:14:39.230
<v Speaker 1>Yeah. Yeah. There are just a few more. I want

0:14:39.250 --> 0:14:44.860
<v Speaker 1>to squeeze in, um, uh, growing, uh, virtual tissue so

0:14:44.890 --> 0:14:49.520
<v Speaker 1>we can try things on it. Um, decoding the genetic

0:14:49.580 --> 0:14:53.000
<v Speaker 1>code to figure out who's really headed for what diseases. Um,

0:14:55.900 --> 0:14:56.470
<v Speaker 1>Let's see.

0:14:56.500 --> 0:14:59.550
<v Speaker 2>Which will be wild if we ever unlock that. It

0:14:59.610 --> 0:15:01.490
<v Speaker 2>would be really, really wild to be able to find

0:15:01.550 --> 0:15:04.430
<v Speaker 2>out at age 10, oh yeah, you're clearly like you're

0:15:04.490 --> 0:15:08.410
<v Speaker 2>a tier one going to get heart disease.

0:15:08.930 --> 0:15:11.190
<v Speaker 1>Probably ought to get tested every year. Yeah, that sort

0:15:11.210 --> 0:15:15.630
<v Speaker 1>of thing. Here's one that's ripped from today's headline. Edward Wasserman,

0:15:15.650 --> 0:15:19.150
<v Speaker 1>who I'm pretty sure I've heard quoted from Iowa. Will

0:15:19.190 --> 0:15:22.050
<v Speaker 1>we ever understand consciousness in a way that could apply

0:15:22.090 --> 0:15:23.590
<v Speaker 1>to non-living entities?

0:15:24.370 --> 0:15:28.360
<v Speaker 2>Well, I would imagine we're going to get closer to

0:15:28.380 --> 0:15:29.460
<v Speaker 2>it with this whole AI thing.

0:15:32.150 --> 0:15:35.410
<v Speaker 1>Oh, here's one close to my own heart from North

0:15:35.430 --> 0:15:39.350
<v Speaker 1>Carolina State. When did hominids first begin to ferment foods,

0:15:39.690 --> 0:15:42.360
<v Speaker 1>and what role did that invention play in human evolution?

0:15:44.340 --> 0:15:51.210
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. And it, was it driven primarily by people's need to, uh,

0:15:51.240 --> 0:15:53.120
<v Speaker 2>you know, take the edge off of a long day.

0:15:53.700 --> 0:15:56.360
<v Speaker 2>Was that, was that what drove the whole thing once

0:15:56.420 --> 0:15:57.060
<v Speaker 2>they discovered it?

0:15:57.900 --> 0:16:00.080
<v Speaker 1>Right. Right. All right. We're down to the final few.

0:16:00.120 --> 0:16:00.880
<v Speaker 1>I'm picking my faves.

0:16:02.380 --> 0:16:04.900
<v Speaker 2>Uh, attractive cave people look more attractive so you can

0:16:04.920 --> 0:16:06.090
<v Speaker 2>get together and have cave babies.

0:16:07.090 --> 0:16:11.450
<v Speaker 1>You know, some nights it's closing time down at the

0:16:11.510 --> 0:16:19.050
<v Speaker 1>rock or the, stream or wherever. I don't know. Uh, blah, blah, blah.

0:16:19.330 --> 0:16:24.380
<v Speaker 1>How will the universe end? I'm not going to be

0:16:24.400 --> 0:16:29.180
<v Speaker 1>around for it. So, um, uh, here's an astrophysicist at Stanford.

0:16:29.220 --> 0:16:31.760
<v Speaker 1>Why is there any matter at all in the universe?

0:16:32.540 --> 0:16:33.020
<v Speaker 2>Wow.

0:16:33.830 --> 0:16:36.610
<v Speaker 1>Wow. Are we alone in the universe? A classic. Yeah.

0:16:37.170 --> 0:16:40.130
<v Speaker 1>And the final one, an astrophysicist from Yale, Can we

0:16:40.210 --> 0:16:42.770
<v Speaker 1>ever know everything about the universe, or must some of

0:16:42.850 --> 0:16:45.530
<v Speaker 1>its mysteries always remain beyond our reach?

0:16:45.570 --> 0:16:47.390
<v Speaker 2>I would assume the mysteries will remain.

0:16:49.080 --> 0:16:50.400
<v Speaker 1>The second one, dude.

0:16:50.620 --> 0:16:52.940
<v Speaker 2>Having spent my whole life as a yes, of course,

0:16:52.980 --> 0:16:55.020
<v Speaker 2>there's other life in the universe. I'm a no now.

0:16:55.220 --> 0:16:56.660
<v Speaker 2>I think we're the only life in the universe.

0:16:57.060 --> 0:17:03.280
<v Speaker 1>So you're a flip-flopper. Yeah. You're a no. Why?

0:17:03.380 --> 0:17:05.970
<v Speaker 2>I listened to a very long podcast about it, and

0:17:06.109 --> 0:17:11.390
<v Speaker 2>I was just convinced. Part of it is the... Furman

0:17:12.330 --> 0:17:18.000
<v Speaker 2>question is that the right then where are they that

0:17:18.040 --> 0:17:22.440
<v Speaker 2>whole thing how could there possibly if life exists anywhere

0:17:22.500 --> 0:17:26.179
<v Speaker 2>exists everywhere that's a pretty agreed upon thing there's no

0:17:26.240 --> 0:17:28.939
<v Speaker 2>way it's like there's one other place it either is

0:17:29.060 --> 0:17:33.310
<v Speaker 2>replicable lots and lots of places right like gazillions of

0:17:33.350 --> 0:17:37.090
<v Speaker 2>places or not at all and if it's replicable gazillions

0:17:37.150 --> 0:17:39.410
<v Speaker 2>of places then how have we not heard a peep

0:17:40.090 --> 0:17:44.720
<v Speaker 2>from anything ever since it's been around for billions of

0:17:44.760 --> 0:17:47.959
<v Speaker 2>years and would have had time to come up with

0:17:48.080 --> 0:17:51.780
<v Speaker 2>any technology to put out signals or spaceships or whatever.

0:17:52.340 --> 0:17:56.850
<v Speaker 1>Well, this, like most things, is beyond my expertise. But

0:17:57.400 --> 0:18:02.570
<v Speaker 1>the time problem answers part of your question. I mean,

0:18:02.970 --> 0:18:06.430
<v Speaker 1>the human capacity to send out such signals and hear them,

0:18:07.170 --> 0:18:11.720
<v Speaker 1>if it's even a similar technology, has existed in a

0:18:11.980 --> 0:18:14.270
<v Speaker 1>tenth of a blink of an eye over the last

0:18:14.350 --> 0:18:15.180
<v Speaker 1>billion years.

0:18:15.290 --> 0:18:17.790
<v Speaker 2>For us, but it should have existed. I mean, if

0:18:17.850 --> 0:18:21.870
<v Speaker 2>life exists other places, it's existed probably, could certainly, why

0:18:21.910 --> 0:18:25.750
<v Speaker 2>wouldn't it have existed for billions of years, many billions

0:18:25.790 --> 0:18:26.729
<v Speaker 2>of years, other places.

0:18:27.230 --> 0:18:28.050
<v Speaker 1>But how would we know?

0:18:29.570 --> 0:18:32.970
<v Speaker 2>We would hear some signal. We'd get something from somewhere,

0:18:32.990 --> 0:18:35.110
<v Speaker 2>get a deet, deet, deet on one of our big

0:18:35.510 --> 0:18:36.790
<v Speaker 2>telescopes from something.

0:18:40.910 --> 0:18:45.389
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, yeah. And again, I haven't really contemplated this for

0:18:45.410 --> 0:18:47.649
<v Speaker 1>a long time, but had a college class in it

0:18:47.710 --> 0:18:51.620
<v Speaker 1>that was ridiculously easy, but it was thought-provoking. That if,

0:18:51.730 --> 0:18:54.700
<v Speaker 1>you know, over the course of a hundred billion years,

0:18:56.400 --> 0:19:01.160
<v Speaker 1>you know, the limitations of technology and development, and so

0:19:01.180 --> 0:19:05.080
<v Speaker 1>there were like 50,000, well, see, there'd be 50 million, though,

0:19:05.119 --> 0:19:05.840
<v Speaker 1>wouldn't there?

0:19:05.859 --> 0:19:08.500
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, there'd be just be endless noise out there, you

0:19:08.520 --> 0:19:11.040
<v Speaker 2>would think. If life existed.

0:19:12.200 --> 0:19:15.460
<v Speaker 1>Maybe we're the only ones who've developed like radio waves

0:19:15.530 --> 0:19:16.889
<v Speaker 1>and such because we're so cool.

0:19:17.670 --> 0:19:17.950
<v Speaker 2>Maybe.

0:19:18.710 --> 0:19:23.170
<v Speaker 1>Earthlings kick ass. Just like the mighty blue whale.

0:19:23.300 --> 0:19:24.479
<v Speaker 2>With our chins and whatnot.

0:19:26.000 --> 0:19:29.899
<v Speaker 1>That's right. Come and look at me. What do you

0:19:29.920 --> 0:19:32.250
<v Speaker 1>think of this, apes, huh? You got the strength of

0:19:32.290 --> 0:19:35.030
<v Speaker 1>ten men. I got a chin, dumbass.

0:19:35.190 --> 0:19:36.590
<v Speaker 2>That's the one that's going to stick with me out

0:19:36.609 --> 0:19:38.350
<v Speaker 2>of this whole thing that I'll remember the rest of

0:19:38.410 --> 0:19:38.869
<v Speaker 2>my life.

0:19:38.890 --> 0:19:45.010
<v Speaker 1>And I will bore generations of people with that information.

0:19:45.150 --> 0:19:47.110
<v Speaker 2>I can't wait to hit my son with that today

0:19:47.150 --> 0:19:52.680
<v Speaker 2>when I pick him up from school. Yeah. Why?

0:19:52.700 --> 0:19:55.140
<v Speaker 1>Blowing my mind yet in a stupid way.

0:19:55.280 --> 0:19:58.280
<v Speaker 2>Yes, exactly. In an unimportant way.

0:19:59.220 --> 0:20:03.460
<v Speaker 1>The fox? The cow? No? I'm going to go to

0:20:03.560 --> 0:20:05.500
<v Speaker 1>every zoo in the country until I find an animal

0:20:05.520 --> 0:20:06.000
<v Speaker 1>with a chin.

0:20:06.340 --> 0:20:06.990
<v Speaker 2>Oh, my gosh.

0:20:07.020 --> 0:20:08.959
<v Speaker 1>You're not gonna, according to that scientist.

0:20:09.720 --> 0:20:12.620
<v Speaker 2>Natural History Museum. I'm walking through there all the life.

0:20:12.840 --> 0:20:15.740
<v Speaker 2>I'm gathered around the no chin, no chin, another lack

0:20:15.800 --> 0:20:17.080
<v Speaker 2>of chin, still not a chin.

0:20:17.280 --> 0:20:18.280
<v Speaker 1>Chinless loser.

0:20:19.800 --> 0:20:21.399
<v Speaker 2>Well, I guess that's it.