WEBVTT - Memorial Day, 2020 | Part 2 0:00:15.356 --> 0:00:15.796 Pushkin. 0:00:21.956 --> 0:00:26.116 May thirty first, twenty twenty six, days after the death 0:00:26.156 --> 0:00:29.796 of George Floyd, A small group of people gather in 0:00:29.836 --> 0:00:32.036 a room somewhere in downtown Minneapolis. 0:00:32.596 --> 0:00:36.036 So, okay, so let's just we're going to try to 0:00:36.116 --> 0:00:39.356 run this way to typically run the years, right. I'm 0:00:39.356 --> 0:00:41.516 just going to identify everybody in the room here for 0:00:41.556 --> 0:00:42.396 the record. Okay. 0:00:43.116 --> 0:00:47.716 Two investigators from the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension, one 0:00:47.996 --> 0:00:52.636 FBI agent, two attorneys, and the first police officer to 0:00:52.796 --> 0:00:54.796 arrive at the scene at the corner of thirty eighth 0:00:54.836 --> 0:00:59.276 in Chicago that day, Thomas Lane. He's there to give 0:00:59.316 --> 0:01:03.556 a statement about what happened. If you've ever watched videos 0:01:03.596 --> 0:01:05.796 of the death of George Floyd, Lane is the tall 0:01:05.836 --> 0:01:10.116 one six' seven right next To Derek chauvin Restraining floyd's. 0:01:10.196 --> 0:01:14.476 LEGS i guess just tell us in your own. WORDS 0:01:14.516 --> 0:01:21.116 i did much details, possible is what happened from me in. Perspective, okay. 0:01:22.476 --> 0:01:26.636 We were dispensed To cornerie And partner's report at the Cup. 0:01:26.716 --> 0:01:30.316 FOODS i believe in the call notes it said that 0:01:30.396 --> 0:01:33.556 the suspect was still on scene in The. Mercedes we 0:01:35.076 --> 0:01:37.316 drove to the call we didn't act bitter like and 0:01:37.396 --> 0:01:41.396 sirens BECAUSE i believe the relatively. Polls and we got 0:01:41.396 --> 0:01:47.876 there and entered the, building entered Cup foods Of. Business 0:01:48.276 --> 0:01:51.716 there's a staff member there that, said you, know they're still. 0:01:51.756 --> 0:01:53.276 Here he, goes he was holding a bill and he, 0:01:53.276 --> 0:01:53.836 goes they gave me. 0:01:53.916 --> 0:01:54.436 This it's a big. 0:01:54.476 --> 0:01:57.116 Twenty he pointed across the street and they're, like he's 0:01:57.156 --> 0:01:59.716 it's he's in the car over, there you, know go 0:01:59.876 --> 0:02:02.796 get in before he drives. Off SO i, said you, 0:02:02.796 --> 0:02:04.156 know and he started walking, out AND i was, like you, 0:02:04.196 --> 0:02:05.436 know just head back and we'll take care of. 0:02:05.476 --> 0:02:09.876 It lane and his Partner Alexander king walk across the 0:02:09.876 --> 0:02:13.116 street to the Parked. Mercedes there are two men in 0:02:13.156 --> 0:02:16.276 the front. Seats lane knocks on the window with his. 0:02:16.316 --> 0:02:19.516 Flashlight the men turn and see the. 0:02:19.516 --> 0:02:23.516 Officers they both started kind of digging underneath the. Seat 0:02:24.316 --> 0:02:28.236 looked like they were reaching for, something AND i said 0:02:28.276 --> 0:02:29.996 that To. KING i, said they're moving around quite a. 0:02:29.996 --> 0:02:34.156 Bit AS i was coming across the, STREET i walked 0:02:34.196 --> 0:02:35.836 up to the driver's side of the. VEHICLE i knocked 0:02:35.876 --> 0:02:40.596 on the glass and the driver was sitting with his 0:02:40.676 --> 0:02:44.156 hand down below the, seat kind of leaning forward like, 0:02:44.196 --> 0:02:46.036 this AND i, said let me see your other, hand 0:02:46.436 --> 0:02:48.196 AND i directed, them let me see your other. Hand 0:02:49.036 --> 0:02:51.276 he didn't do, that and he was, just you, know, 0:02:51.476 --> 0:02:53.436 oh it's no devil or. Whatever and he cut his 0:02:53.476 --> 0:02:57.236 hand down there and he just glanced. Back SO i 0:02:57.276 --> 0:02:59.596 took my gun out and you, know AND i, said 0:02:59.676 --> 0:03:02.236 let me see your your other buck of, hand put 0:03:02.316 --> 0:03:05.796 your hand. Up gave commands to do. That i'm not 0:03:05.836 --> 0:03:07.436 sure how. MANY i think they gave a, few. 0:03:08.756 --> 0:03:09.356 AND i don't know. 0:03:09.396 --> 0:03:11.716 Why and he quickly went like, this like pulled his 0:03:11.716 --> 0:03:14.036 hand out real, fast AND i kind of like took 0:03:14.076 --> 0:03:15.036 a step, back AND i was, Like. 0:03:15.076 --> 0:03:16.036 Jesus and what are you. 0:03:16.076 --> 0:03:23.556 Doing my name Is Malcolm. Gladwell you're listening To Revisionist, 0:03:23.636 --> 0:03:28.596 history my podcast about things overlooked and. Misunderstood this episode 0:03:28.676 --> 0:03:32.396 is part two of our examination Of Derek chauvin's murder 0:03:32.556 --> 0:03:36.356 Of George. Floyd in this, EPISODE i want to look 0:03:36.396 --> 0:03:40.476 at the case from a different, perspective through the eyes 0:03:40.516 --> 0:03:44.236 of the first police officer to Approach George, Floyd Thomas, 0:03:44.316 --> 0:03:47.916 lane who at the time had been a fully fledged 0:03:47.956 --> 0:03:59.916 member of The Minneapolis Police department for only four. Days 0:04:01.116 --> 0:04:04.836 may twenty, fifth twenty twenty Was Memorial, day a Lovely 0:04:04.956 --> 0:04:09.396 minneapolis summer. Evening people are outside walking. About it's just 0:04:09.436 --> 0:04:12.196 after eight pm When lane and his partner pull up 0:04:12.236 --> 0:04:14.356 to The Cup foods on the corner of thirty eighth In. 0:04:14.436 --> 0:04:19.476 Chicago lane Pulls floyd out of his, car handcuffs, him 0:04:19.796 --> 0:04:23.436 sits him on his, sidewalk takes his, information then Walks 0:04:23.436 --> 0:04:25.996 floyd over to the squad car and puts him in 0:04:26.036 --> 0:04:28.716 the back. Seat Only floyd doesn't want to get in 0:04:28.756 --> 0:04:31.676 the back, seat So laine and his Partner king try 0:04:31.716 --> 0:04:35.796 to force him into. It then a second squad car pulls, 0:04:35.876 --> 0:04:39.076 Up Derek chauvin gets. Out floyd is struggling so much 0:04:39.076 --> 0:04:42.116 With lanne And king that he cuts his mouth badly 0:04:42.196 --> 0:04:46.316 enough That lane calls an. Ambulance lane Thinks floyd is on. 0:04:46.396 --> 0:04:49.916 Drugs he's acting, erratically and they found a glass pipe 0:04:49.916 --> 0:04:52.516 on him when they searched. Him they decided to keep 0:04:52.556 --> 0:04:55.756 him restrained so he can't move or hurt himself. Anymore 0:04:56.476 --> 0:04:59.996 they call ems a second time and upgrade their request 0:05:00.236 --> 0:05:04.956 To code, three the most urgent, level life threatening immediate 0:05:04.996 --> 0:05:09.996 response lights and. Sirens so, far all of this is 0:05:10.036 --> 0:05:10.636 nothing out of the. 0:05:10.716 --> 0:05:15.756 Ordinary so was there more to calling that paramedics than 0:05:15.836 --> 0:05:16.396 just checking his? 0:05:16.476 --> 0:05:20.356 MOUTH i think THAT i had mentioned, that you, know 0:05:20.556 --> 0:05:22.396 this could be possibly excited delirium or. 0:05:22.396 --> 0:05:26.636 Something, okay excited delirium is something That lane must have 0:05:26.756 --> 0:05:30.036 learned about at the police. ACADEMY a state of extreme, 0:05:30.156 --> 0:05:36.476 agitation aggression and. Distress it's not an officially recognized clinical. Diagnosis. 0:05:37.076 --> 0:05:39.956 Listen that was the other thing for stepping it, up 0:05:39.956 --> 0:05:41.476 because he might be in medical. 0:05:41.636 --> 0:05:44.876 Distress were you getting a sense that Mister foyd was 0:05:45.036 --> 0:05:51.276 having a medical? EMERGENCY i, mean obviously, hindsight but at the, TIME. 0:05:51.956 --> 0:05:54.836 I, YEAH i thought maybe that something was going. On 0:05:57.996 --> 0:05:59.236 but you thought he was passing. 0:05:59.236 --> 0:06:02.796 Out, Yeah chauvin puts his knee On floyd's. Neck lane 0:06:02.836 --> 0:06:06.716 turns To chauvin and shares his. Concern this man's not doing, 0:06:06.756 --> 0:06:07.716 well and. 0:06:07.596 --> 0:06:10.956 You articulated that, yeah, Okay and, well how was that 0:06:12.076 --> 0:06:13.476 suggestion received by your? 0:06:13.436 --> 0:06:18.196 Opponents they know, Him, yeah they, said just this is. 0:06:18.236 --> 0:06:22.316 Fine jovin, said this Is we're just gonna hold him 0:06:22.316 --> 0:06:25.156 here until you. Arrived SO i suggest, that you, know 0:06:26.076 --> 0:06:27.956 but they excited, delirium you, know maybe we should roll 0:06:27.996 --> 0:06:28.916 him on his, side. 0:06:28.756 --> 0:06:29.116 Just to. 0:06:30.636 --> 0:06:33.756 You, know if he's, LIKE i think it's SOMETHING i 0:06:33.756 --> 0:06:34.836 had previously. 0:06:34.436 --> 0:06:37.076 Learned that h pre just job if he'd roll on 0:06:37.076 --> 0:06:38.636 his side for recovery position or. 0:06:38.636 --> 0:06:42.476 Something in the video of The floyd, arrest you can 0:06:42.556 --> 0:06:46.076 Hear lane make his case To. Chauvin he, says you 0:06:46.116 --> 0:06:49.276 want him on his, side meaning should we roll him 0:06:49.276 --> 0:06:50.036 over so he can? 0:06:50.036 --> 0:07:00.116 BREATHE i just worry about that delum or. 0:07:00.156 --> 0:07:07.956 Whatever you want him on his. Side, no he's staying 0:07:07.956 --> 0:07:11.276 put where we got. Him, okay just worry about the 0:07:11.356 --> 0:07:15.436 excited delirium or. Whatever that's why we got the ambulance. Coming, 0:07:16.036 --> 0:07:20.796 OKAY i. SUPPOSE a minute, Later lane, SAYS i think 0:07:20.836 --> 0:07:24.876 he's passing, out Meaning floyd's in. Trouble let's get off. 0:07:24.916 --> 0:07:30.156 Him nothing. HAPPENS a minute after, That lane, says once, 0:07:30.196 --> 0:07:33.396 again want to roll him on his, side as, in 0:07:33.956 --> 0:07:38.516 he shouldn't be on his. Stomach lane is trying to 0:07:38.516 --> 0:07:41.276 do the right. Thing he understands the gravity of the. 0:07:41.316 --> 0:07:45.036 Situation but the crucial thing here is the Way lane 0:07:45.036 --> 0:07:48.556 sets out to Convince. Chauvin he doesn't make a declarative 0:07:48.596 --> 0:07:51.876 statement we should put him on his. Side he has 0:07:51.956 --> 0:07:55.836 to be on his. Side he asks a question he softens. 0:07:55.876 --> 0:07:59.396 It should we should we put him on his? Side 0:07:59.716 --> 0:08:03.956 he mentions excited. Delirium he's concerned About floyd's, safety but 0:08:04.036 --> 0:08:07.756 he undercuts that concern with words that soften his. ALARM 0:08:08.156 --> 0:08:12.756 i just worrorry about excited delirium or, whatever and, then, 0:08:12.836 --> 0:08:19.036 finally After chauvin shuts him, down, OKAY i suppose passive aggressive. 0:08:19.316 --> 0:08:26.876 Agreement sociologists call this mitigated. Speech one of the greatest 0:08:26.916 --> 0:08:30.436 causes of plane crashes for years was mitigated. Speech in a, 0:08:30.476 --> 0:08:34.956 cockpit the first officer would see something dangerous and try 0:08:34.996 --> 0:08:37.476 to let the captain, know but he would do it 0:08:37.716 --> 0:08:40.596 in such a mitigated way that the captain wouldn't take 0:08:40.596 --> 0:08:43.796 the new information. SERIOUSLY i wrote about one of those 0:08:43.796 --> 0:08:47.196 cases in my Book. Outliers it involved a nineteen eighty 0:08:47.236 --> 0:08:50.756 Two Air florida flight out Of, washington D. C it 0:08:50.836 --> 0:08:53.396 was a snowy, Day the plane had been in line 0:08:53.436 --> 0:08:57.196 for takeoff for an unusually long, time and the first 0:08:57.236 --> 0:09:00.156 officer thinks the plane has a dangerous amount of ice 0:09:00.196 --> 0:09:02.556 on its wings and should go back for de. Icing 0:09:03.556 --> 0:09:07.996 listen to how he tries to convince his superior, officer the, captain, 0:09:10.436 --> 0:09:13.636 look how the ice is just hanging on this back back. 0:09:13.676 --> 0:09:18.956 There see. That the captain says. Nothing the first officer tries, 0:09:18.996 --> 0:09:22.276 again see all those icicles on the back there and. 0:09:22.316 --> 0:09:27.476 Everything the captain ignores. Him the first officer tries a third. Time, 0:09:28.156 --> 0:09:30.836 boy this is a losing battle. Here trying to de 0:09:30.956 --> 0:09:34.156 ice those things gives you a false sense of. Security 0:09:34.196 --> 0:09:39.876 that's all that does. Nothing the plane is inching to 0:09:39.916 --> 0:09:43.116 the front of the. Line let's check those wingtops, again 0:09:43.356 --> 0:09:47.196 since we've been setting here a. While the first officer 0:09:47.356 --> 0:09:50.196 starts with a, hint look at that, ice then a, 0:09:50.276 --> 0:09:54.396 question see those, icicles then a, suggestion let's check those. 0:09:54.436 --> 0:09:58.596 Wingtops each, time he's removing one layer of, mitigation getting 0:09:58.636 --> 0:10:01.116 closer and closer to what is really on his, mind 0:10:01.436 --> 0:10:05.276 which is that he's. Terrified but only at the very 0:10:05.356 --> 0:10:08.956 end does he finally get. There it's just after, takeoff 0:10:09.556 --> 0:10:17.076 as the plane plunges into The. Potomac we're going, Down, 0:10:17.156 --> 0:10:24.076 larry and the captain, SAYS i know. It Thomas lane 0:10:24.116 --> 0:10:27.076 is in exactly the same position as that first officer 0:10:27.116 --> 0:10:30.316 on the. Plane both of them understand the gravity of 0:10:30.356 --> 0:10:33.316 the situation they're. In the plane has. Ice the man 0:10:33.396 --> 0:10:35.556 on the ground is in. Trouble but they have a 0:10:35.596 --> 0:10:39.236 superior who is, fixated who doesn't see what is, happening 0:10:39.356 --> 0:10:43.356 who is either incapable of processing any new information or 0:10:43.396 --> 0:10:47.316 doesn't want, To and neither of the subordinates feel they 0:10:47.316 --> 0:10:51.436 can just come out and say no because they're. Subordinates 0:10:56.476 --> 0:10:59.996 the state investigator Questioning lane about what happened That Memorial, 0:11:00.076 --> 0:11:01.716 day picked up on this very. 0:11:01.756 --> 0:11:05.876 Thing you obviously bring it, up so it's clearly you're 0:11:05.956 --> 0:11:07.356 something thinking about. 0:11:08.636 --> 0:11:11.636 What of ented you from just kind of taking charge 0:11:11.676 --> 0:11:13.716 of that and making the. 0:11:13.756 --> 0:11:20.396 CALL i was basically going Off Officer shoubin's experience and 0:11:20.676 --> 0:11:22.796 what he was saying like this is we're going to 0:11:22.836 --> 0:11:23.636 hold here and tell you. 0:11:23.716 --> 0:11:27.036 Enough, Right lane had been a police officer for four. 0:11:27.156 --> 0:11:32.036 Days then he reveals another crucial. Fact, listen, well. 0:11:31.956 --> 0:11:33.916 You heard in contact with him before the. 0:11:33.956 --> 0:11:39.636 State him meaning children, Again, yes. 0:11:39.636 --> 0:11:40.236 Okay so. 0:11:41.636 --> 0:11:43.836 He was one of the other training offers in the 0:11:43.836 --> 0:11:47.836 precentct THAT i worked, Then SO i had interaction With 0:11:47.956 --> 0:11:52.116 chin before to the, incident and, uh you, know he 0:11:52.316 --> 0:11:54.516 took me found how The Hamilton. 0:11:54.676 --> 0:11:58.556 Hall he had given me guidance on how to handle certain. 0:11:58.636 --> 0:12:01.276 Calls he says couldn't go, well. 0:12:01.196 --> 0:12:04.516 But somebody who used him as a resource during your 0:12:04.556 --> 0:12:04.876 ten day. 0:12:04.876 --> 0:12:07.156 Evaluation, yeah there. 0:12:07.036 --> 0:12:11.036 Was a few calls WHERE i was with another train, 0:12:11.116 --> 0:12:15.716 officer the think the advice on how the best dandel with. 0:12:15.836 --> 0:12:21.956 All Thomas lane's problem wasn't just that he had only 0:12:21.996 --> 0:12:23.916 been on the force for four, days that he was 0:12:23.956 --> 0:12:28.116 a rookie And chauvin was a nineteen year. Veteran it's 0:12:28.116 --> 0:12:31.676 That lane New. Chauvin he went To chauvin for. Advice 0:12:32.996 --> 0:12:47.996 how do you defy someone in that? Position not long, 0:12:48.036 --> 0:12:52.796 ago a Retired chicago police officer Named Jerry finnegan gave 0:12:52.836 --> 0:12:56.636 an interview to the Dog walk podcast hosted By eddie 0:12:56.956 --> 0:12:57.636 From Barstool. 0:12:57.676 --> 0:13:01.436 SPORTS i, mean, Honestly, EDDIE i LOVED i loved that. 0:13:01.556 --> 0:13:04.396 Job there wasn't a data goals. By i'm sixty one 0:13:04.716 --> 0:13:06.876 and there's there's not a data goals by. THAT i, Said, 0:13:06.876 --> 0:13:08.876 Fuck i'd like to be out, there you, know fucking 0:13:08.916 --> 0:13:09.596 j and these bad. 0:13:09.676 --> 0:13:13.236 Dudes finnigan is, fit close cropped. HAIR i don't think 0:13:13.236 --> 0:13:15.836 a cop movie has ever been made that didn't include 0:13:15.876 --> 0:13:18.356 someone who looks and sounds just Like Jerry. 0:13:18.356 --> 0:13:23.636 Finnegan the fucking adrenaline was just incredible and you. KNOW 0:13:23.996 --> 0:13:25.756 i used to, say it was like you would have 0:13:25.876 --> 0:13:27.556 ringside tickets to the greatest show On. 0:13:27.556 --> 0:13:31.636 Earth eddie And finnegan talked for almost an. Hour finnegan 0:13:31.716 --> 0:13:36.316 was promoting his new, Podcast the magnificently Titled Finnegan's, Take 0:13:36.756 --> 0:13:39.716 reminiscences from his years on the, force and at some, 0:13:39.796 --> 0:13:43.396 Point finnegan starts to speculate about why his path to 0:13:43.516 --> 0:13:46.516 promotion was so often blocked by his. 0:13:46.596 --> 0:13:49.076 BOSS i didn't know it at the, Time, eddie BUT 0:13:49.116 --> 0:13:50.636 i WAS i had the most complaints in the. 0:13:50.636 --> 0:13:52.756 City is that why he next to? 0:13:52.756 --> 0:13:52.836 You? 0:13:52.996 --> 0:13:54.156 Probably, yeah, yeah. 0:13:54.236 --> 0:13:54.676 Probably. 0:13:55.636 --> 0:14:00.276 Wait chicago police officers are ranked by their complaints the 0:14:00.276 --> 0:14:04.116 way pop music singles are ranked on The Billboard. Charts 0:14:04.436 --> 0:14:08.636 yes they. Are the rankings are compiled by an organization 0:14:08.836 --> 0:14:13.356 called The Citizens Police Data. Project their website consists of 0:14:13.436 --> 0:14:17.396 a searchable online database of two hundred and fifty thousand 0:14:17.436 --> 0:14:21.516 complaints lodged against members of THE cpd from nineteen eighty 0:14:21.556 --> 0:14:25.676 eight to twenty, eighteen and what you learn from looking 0:14:25.716 --> 0:14:28.996 at the list is that the distribution of problematic police 0:14:28.996 --> 0:14:34.196 officers within The Chicago Police department is not. Uniform those 0:14:34.356 --> 0:14:37.996 quarter of a million complaints are not evenly sprinkled across 0:14:38.076 --> 0:14:41.596 all the many thousands of officers in the. DATABASE a 0:14:41.676 --> 0:14:45.356 few cops have a lot of, complaints but the majority 0:14:45.836 --> 0:14:48.876 have almost. None if you made a graph out of 0:14:48.876 --> 0:14:51.836 the Whole Chicago Police, department there would be a, long 0:14:51.916 --> 0:14:54.796 low line stretching as far as the eye could, see 0:14:55.036 --> 0:14:58.756 hovering just above the horizontal axis until the very, end 0:14:59.396 --> 0:15:02.996 when the line would suddenly. Jump as the statisticians would, 0:15:03.036 --> 0:15:07.796 say the distribution of complaints has a fat. Tail and 0:15:07.836 --> 0:15:11.716 who stands at the very fattest part of the? Tale Jerry, 0:15:11.716 --> 0:15:16.036 finnigan recipient of a grand total of one hundred and 0:15:16.116 --> 0:15:16.876 seventy five. 0:15:17.356 --> 0:15:20.636 Complaints do you remember the war the day that you 0:15:20.756 --> 0:15:21.956 decide to go on the? 0:15:21.996 --> 0:15:22.876 Take so to? Speak? 0:15:23.276 --> 0:15:25.316 Yeah can you get into that? 0:15:25.316 --> 0:15:25.516 One? 0:15:25.556 --> 0:15:25.756 Sure. 0:15:25.876 --> 0:15:28.996 Sure we we came into a house in the Eleventh, 0:15:28.996 --> 0:15:31.476 district chased a guy in there with a, gun and 0:15:31.876 --> 0:15:35.316 uh searching, around found some dope that was bagged, up 0:15:36.036 --> 0:15:38.796 kept searching and found a paper bag with. Money there 0:15:38.796 --> 0:15:41.916 were about eight of, us and took the money out 0:15:41.916 --> 0:15:44.436 of her and then split it. Up and THEN i don't, 0:15:44.476 --> 0:15:48.556 know was nervous about, it but after it was, OVER 0:15:48.596 --> 0:15:50.516 i was, thinking fucking it's dope. Money i'm not. Hurt 0:15:50.556 --> 0:15:52.396 i'm not taking it from you know your. 0:15:52.436 --> 0:15:56.436 Grandmother vinigan ended up doing ten years in prison for 0:15:56.556 --> 0:15:59.876 tax evasion and planning a murder for higher plot against 0:15:59.916 --> 0:16:03.076 a fellow. Officer he also cost the city over a 0:16:03.116 --> 0:16:07.156 million dollars in legal, settlements, which given his position As 0:16:07.156 --> 0:16:10.876 Alex luthor Of chicago play police, officers shouldn't be that 0:16:11.036 --> 0:16:15.516 much of a. Surprise problems with fat tales turn out 0:16:15.516 --> 0:16:19.796 to be. Everywhere here's another. One New York city has 0:16:19.836 --> 0:16:23.196 twenty five hundred automated cameras which in twenty twenty three 0:16:23.396 --> 0:16:27.716 handed out seven million speeding. Tickets but are those tickets 0:16:27.796 --> 0:16:32.956 evenly distributed across all the city's. Drivers, no there's a fat. 0:16:32.956 --> 0:16:37.236 Tale there were one hundred and eighty six drivers who 0:16:37.276 --> 0:16:41.316 got more than one hundred tickets in one. Ear that's 0:16:41.356 --> 0:16:45.596 an average of one ticket every three to four. Days super. 0:16:45.636 --> 0:16:49.316 Speeders most of us get a ticket and slow down next. 0:16:49.316 --> 0:16:52.956 Time we take the. Hint not the. Superspeeders on, average 0:16:52.996 --> 0:16:55.516 that group of one hundred and eighty six each had 0:16:56.116 --> 0:17:02.116 eleven thousand dollars in unpaid traffic. Fines in my last, 0:17:02.116 --> 0:17:04.476 Book revenge of the tipping. POINT i had a whole 0:17:04.596 --> 0:17:08.356 chapter ON. Covid you know, WHAT covid was fat. Tale 0:17:09.196 --> 0:17:12.036 most of, us when we were infected WITH, covid emitted 0:17:12.116 --> 0:17:14.716 such a small amount of virus that we didn't pose 0:17:14.756 --> 0:17:17.356 that much of a danger to. Others but there are 0:17:17.596 --> 0:17:20.196 a very small number of people, who for reasons we 0:17:20.276 --> 0:17:24.556 don't entirely, understand when they HAVE, covid produce a massive 0:17:24.556 --> 0:17:28.476 amount of virus super. Spreaders those are the ones who cause. 0:17:28.516 --> 0:17:33.116 OUTBREAKS i could go. On the lesson Of New york's 0:17:33.156 --> 0:17:37.476 super speeders And COVID's super spreaders is that before you 0:17:37.516 --> 0:17:41.036 figure out how to solve a, problem you have to ask. 0:17:41.076 --> 0:17:44.796 Yourself AM i dealing with a skinny tail distribution where 0:17:44.836 --> 0:17:47.556 everyone plays a roughly equal part in contributing to the, 0:17:47.596 --> 0:17:51.476 Issue or DO i have a fat tail distribution where 0:17:51.516 --> 0:17:54.556 my problem is a very small number of very rotten. 0:17:54.556 --> 0:17:59.876 Apples the world's problems are divided into fat tales and skinny, 0:17:59.916 --> 0:18:04.236 tales and policing is most definitely fat. 0:18:04.276 --> 0:18:10.236 TAIL i, mean even you Mentioned George. Floyd In, chicago 0:18:10.356 --> 0:18:14.436 we had The lawan MacDonald shooting where he was murdered sixteen. 0:18:14.476 --> 0:18:16.916 Times he was shot by the, cops and those cops 0:18:17.516 --> 0:18:21.036 were in the top six percent of the police. Force 0:18:21.076 --> 0:18:24.596 they've been involved in payouts from the city for misconduct 0:18:24.636 --> 0:18:26.876 and use of, force and tens of millions of dollars 0:18:27.196 --> 0:18:27.836 before the. 0:18:27.876 --> 0:18:33.876 Shooting That's Andrew, papachristos a criminologist At Northwestern. University if 0:18:33.876 --> 0:18:36.436 you're a regular, listener you've heard him on this podcast. 0:18:36.436 --> 0:18:39.956 Before he's talking about a police officer Named Jason Van, 0:18:40.036 --> 0:18:43.756 dyck another member of The Chicago Police DEPARTMENT Usu Force, 0:18:43.876 --> 0:18:49.396 peloton who shot a, Teenager lakwan, MacDonald sixteen times for 0:18:49.476 --> 0:18:49.996 no apparent. 0:18:50.036 --> 0:18:53.316 Reason so if you had gotten rid of this small 0:18:53.356 --> 0:18:57.076 percentage or done something different besides shuffle them, around not 0:18:57.196 --> 0:18:59.396 only would you have saved, lives you would have saved 0:18:59.596 --> 0:19:01.996 tens of millions of. Dollars you would have saved all 0:19:02.036 --> 0:19:05.276 of the trauma associated With lawan McDonald's, shooting the unrest 0:19:05.276 --> 0:19:06.996 in the, city how it layered into these. 0:19:06.996 --> 0:19:11.356 Things it's not just though that the officers at the 0:19:11.436 --> 0:19:14.636 very edge of the distribution do more bad things than anyone. 0:19:14.676 --> 0:19:18.556 Else it's, that and this is, crucial they lead, others 0:19:19.236 --> 0:19:22.236 people who wouldn't otherwise be in the fat tale to 0:19:22.276 --> 0:19:23.076 do bad things as. 0:19:23.076 --> 0:19:26.716 Well there are a bunch of studies ours included that 0:19:26.876 --> 0:19:30.116 show my bad behavior as a police officer is actually 0:19:30.116 --> 0:19:33.636 affected by the bad behavior of my, Partners so over, 0:19:33.756 --> 0:19:35.716 Time i'm going to look more like. 0:19:35.796 --> 0:19:40.716 You this is called network, spillover And Papa cristo's was 0:19:40.756 --> 0:19:43.716 part of a group of criminologists who used The Citizens 0:19:43.796 --> 0:19:47.476 Police Data project to figure out exactly how large this 0:19:47.676 --> 0:19:51.636 spillover effect. Is they looked at that mountain of data 0:19:51.956 --> 0:19:55.436 and grouped all of the officers in, networks drawing lines 0:19:55.476 --> 0:19:59.196 between the people who worked. Together they found that if 0:19:59.236 --> 0:20:01.956 there was no one in your network who received a 0:20:02.076 --> 0:20:04.956 use of force, complaint then your chance of getting a 0:20:05.076 --> 0:20:08.636 use of force complaint was. Minimal but if you had 0:20:08.796 --> 0:20:12.236 even a modest number of aggressive officers in your, circle 0:20:12.556 --> 0:20:15.516 your chances of being accused of violence went up by 0:20:16.236 --> 0:20:22.836 twenty six, percent which is. Massive and this is the 0:20:22.836 --> 0:20:27.556 problem With Derek. Chauvin he's in The Minneapolis Police Department's Fat. 0:20:27.596 --> 0:20:31.036 Tale he was the poster child for The Minneapolis Fat. 0:20:31.076 --> 0:20:34.636 Tale he had a mountain of complaints and because he's 0:20:34.676 --> 0:20:38.516 a training, officer a nineteen year, veteran the senior officer 0:20:38.636 --> 0:20:42.276 in nearly every crime scene he arrives, at he spills 0:20:42.356 --> 0:20:47.076 over into his. Network If chauvin had never shown up that, 0:20:47.236 --> 0:20:50.836 night if the second squad car never got, called if 0:20:50.876 --> 0:20:54.356 the whole incident was managed entirely By lane and his, 0:20:54.436 --> 0:20:59.636 Partner George floyd would have. Lived Thomas lane would have 0:20:59.716 --> 0:21:02.276 rolled him. Over there would have been no national eruption 0:21:02.396 --> 0:21:05.356 of pain and. Outrage you wouldn't even know the Name George. 0:21:05.356 --> 0:21:09.876 Floyd But chauvin shows. Up that's the core of the. 0:21:09.916 --> 0:21:11.916 Problem on the corner of thirty eighth In. 0:21:11.996 --> 0:21:19.876 CHICAGO i think anyone who sits through all of that, 0:21:20.076 --> 0:21:22.796 evidence you, know they hear a couple of times that 0:21:22.876 --> 0:21:28.636 Officer lane talks about potentially rolling him. 0:21:28.636 --> 0:21:33.036 Over That's Amanda, sertic one of THE us attorneys who Prosecuted. 0:21:33.076 --> 0:21:36.756 Lane she knows the evidence well and specifically the Role 0:21:36.876 --> 0:21:39.476 lane and his Partner Alexander king played that. 0:21:39.556 --> 0:21:42.636 DAY i think he's actually the one who announces When 0:21:42.676 --> 0:21:45.756 George floyd passes, out so though he's passing, out, yeah 0:21:46.436 --> 0:21:50.276 and then he's sitting right there next To king When 0:21:50.396 --> 0:21:54.596 king twice SAYS i can't find a, pulse and they 0:21:54.636 --> 0:21:58.076 both continue to restrain him for more than two. Minutes 0:21:58.356 --> 0:22:02.516 after they know he doesn't have a. PULSE i think 0:22:02.676 --> 0:22:07.916 that's the point WHERE i, mean it just becomes unacceptable 0:22:07.956 --> 0:22:11.396 not to. Intervene you, know it doesn't take any sort 0:22:11.436 --> 0:22:17.956 of training, whatsoever as the you, know the witness is 0:22:17.956 --> 0:22:21.516 on scene, demonstrated it doesn't take any training or even 0:22:21.596 --> 0:22:24.236 more than a few years on the earth to recognize 0:22:24.316 --> 0:22:27.956 that he needs medical. Assistance and you can't have someone 0:22:28.196 --> 0:22:28.756 mean and on his. 0:22:28.836 --> 0:22:32.196 Neck lane ended up spending two and a half years 0:22:32.236 --> 0:22:36.076 in federal prison for his part In floyd's. Death sertig 0:22:36.476 --> 0:22:38.916 and her colleagues felt that he bore at least some 0:22:39.076 --> 0:22:42.916 portion of the. BLAME i understand their, argument ALTHOUGH i 0:22:42.956 --> 0:22:45.716 have to SAY i do not agree with. IT a 0:22:45.796 --> 0:22:49.076 rookie cop on his fourth day on the force tries 0:22:49.116 --> 0:22:53.236 to write a wrong and fails because his superior officer 0:22:53.916 --> 0:22:58.396 is a bad. Apple can we really blame? Him haven't 0:22:58.476 --> 0:23:01.196 all of us in other situations done a version of 0:23:01.236 --> 0:23:04.676 the same act of mitigated? Speech are you sure we 0:23:04.716 --> 0:23:07.356 should do? That that's a little, much don't you? Think 0:23:07.876 --> 0:23:12.516 is that really? Safe but WHERE i hope we can 0:23:12.556 --> 0:23:16.596 all agree is on the broader lesson here one bad 0:23:16.636 --> 0:23:20.916 apple can infect the whole. Barrel the fat tail, matters 0:23:21.436 --> 0:23:23.836 which is why the first step in any attempt to 0:23:23.876 --> 0:23:26.836 fix the problem with a fat tail distribution is to 0:23:26.876 --> 0:23:30.556 get rid of the fat tail Target the super speeders 0:23:30.956 --> 0:23:34.996 contain the super. Spreaders get rid Of Jerry. Finnegan Stop 0:23:35.116 --> 0:23:41.276 Derek chauvin before he kills, someone not. Afterwards, right if 0:23:41.276 --> 0:23:56.156 only that's. Simple in the fevered days After floyd, died 0:23:56.596 --> 0:23:59.716 there were hundreds of people on the streets Of. Minneapolis 0:24:00.036 --> 0:24:04.676 peaceful protests turned into riots and. Lootings buildings were, burned 0:24:05.116 --> 0:24:08.236 hundreds of millions of dollars of damage was, done and 0:24:08.316 --> 0:24:12.476 one night the crowd came calling For Jacob, fry the 0:24:12.556 --> 0:24:13.156 mayor Of. 0:24:13.196 --> 0:24:21.596 Minneapolis there was a group of about two thousand people 0:24:21.636 --> 0:24:26.476 that came to my home and they demanded THAT i 0:24:26.596 --> 0:24:30.236 come out and talk to. Them AND i certainly was 0:24:30.236 --> 0:24:34.116 not in the habit of avoiding my position on the, 0:24:34.196 --> 0:24:38.636