1 00:00:00,280 --> 00:00:02,920 Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray. 2 00:00:03,160 --> 00:00:07,600 Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you Should Know 3 00:00:08,200 --> 00:00:11,719 Speaker 1: from House Stuff Works dot com. This episode is sponsored 4 00:00:11,720 --> 00:00:14,200 Speaker 1: by go daddy dot com, the world's largest web host 5 00:00:14,240 --> 00:00:16,599 Speaker 1: and domain name registrar, with domains as low as a 6 00:00:16,640 --> 00:00:18,960 Speaker 1: dollar ninety nine and hosting for less than five dollars 7 00:00:18,960 --> 00:00:21,840 Speaker 1: a month. In a promo code stuff ten at checkout 8 00:00:21,960 --> 00:00:24,640 Speaker 1: and save ten percent off your entire order. Get your 9 00:00:24,680 --> 00:00:27,800 Speaker 1: piece of the Internet at go daddy dot com. Hello 10 00:00:27,880 --> 00:00:31,479 Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh, I'm Chuck. The 11 00:00:31,520 --> 00:00:34,360 Speaker 1: red light is on. We have one of those now 12 00:00:34,479 --> 00:00:36,640 Speaker 1: we need one? Now, Yeah, we totally do. It's usually 13 00:00:36,680 --> 00:00:39,920 Speaker 1: just a you know, we hear our producer Jerry President 14 00:00:40,000 --> 00:00:42,400 Speaker 1: button right, and then we know to go. You just 15 00:00:42,440 --> 00:00:46,559 Speaker 1: start talking like talking monkeys. It's like a German the 16 00:00:46,600 --> 00:00:50,600 Speaker 1: German train system. It's very efficient. Yes, it is Chuck, Chuck. 17 00:00:50,640 --> 00:00:53,599 Speaker 1: As you know, it's been in all together rotten day 18 00:00:53,680 --> 00:00:56,000 Speaker 1: so far, right, Yeah, hasn't been our best And what 19 00:00:56,120 --> 00:00:59,960 Speaker 1: is it like three in the afternoon? Yeah, yes, okay, 20 00:01:00,080 --> 00:01:04,800 Speaker 1: so um, luckily it'll be over soon enough. And it's Friday. Um, 21 00:01:05,360 --> 00:01:08,600 Speaker 1: I am even worse than I was before, because rather 22 00:01:08,640 --> 00:01:11,520 Speaker 1: than getting my usual fresca, I got a diet cherry 23 00:01:11,520 --> 00:01:14,640 Speaker 1: coke by accident. And you know, all respect to the 24 00:01:14,640 --> 00:01:16,840 Speaker 1: Coke Cold company, they've done really well for themselves, but 25 00:01:17,080 --> 00:01:20,480 Speaker 1: diet cherry coke is atrocious. I like that you're suffering 26 00:01:20,480 --> 00:01:22,440 Speaker 1: through it anyway rather than I opened it. You know, 27 00:01:22,560 --> 00:01:26,160 Speaker 1: I gotta I've gotta make do. But um, honorable. You know, 28 00:01:26,200 --> 00:01:29,440 Speaker 1: as bad as our day has been, right, yeah, I 29 00:01:29,440 --> 00:01:32,400 Speaker 1: can tell you somebody whose day was even Worse's how's 30 00:01:32,440 --> 00:01:35,600 Speaker 1: that first segue? I actually just set up the setup 31 00:01:35,800 --> 00:01:37,880 Speaker 1: for the podcast. So what do you think you're blowing 32 00:01:37,920 --> 00:01:41,880 Speaker 1: my mind? Um? There's this woman named Patricia white Bull 33 00:01:42,520 --> 00:01:45,840 Speaker 1: and she was a co cheaty Indian from outside of Albuquerque, 34 00:01:45,920 --> 00:01:49,480 Speaker 1: New Mexico. And back when she was a lovely young 35 00:01:49,640 --> 00:01:52,960 Speaker 1: twenty eight, she was giving birth to her fourth child, 36 00:01:53,280 --> 00:01:56,800 Speaker 1: son named Mark, and uh, she was giving birth via 37 00:01:56,880 --> 00:02:01,120 Speaker 1: C section, and there are complications in the surgery and uh, 38 00:02:01,360 --> 00:02:05,600 Speaker 1: Mrs white Bull uh developed a blood clot in her 39 00:02:05,680 --> 00:02:08,840 Speaker 1: lung and it actually cut off oxygen to her brain 40 00:02:09,120 --> 00:02:14,680 Speaker 1: and she laughs into a coma. Okay, so comas actually happened. 41 00:02:14,840 --> 00:02:20,080 Speaker 1: They can happen fairly frequently. They're not uncommon, but Mrs 42 00:02:20,080 --> 00:02:23,840 Speaker 1: white Bull's type of coma actually very rare. She was 43 00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:28,320 Speaker 1: in a coma for sixteen years, which is that's really 44 00:02:28,360 --> 00:02:32,840 Speaker 1: that's a long time to be in a coma. So, um, 45 00:02:32,880 --> 00:02:35,400 Speaker 1: there are other people out there like her. Um, have 46 00:02:35,520 --> 00:02:39,840 Speaker 1: you heard of Sunny von Buelow reversal of fortune? Yeah, 47 00:02:39,919 --> 00:02:43,519 Speaker 1: so she's been in a coma for nineteen years, uh huh. 48 00:02:43,520 --> 00:02:45,360 Speaker 1: And a couple of years back, actually she was moved 49 00:02:45,400 --> 00:02:50,120 Speaker 1: from this very very expensive um care facility to a 50 00:02:50,200 --> 00:02:53,000 Speaker 1: slightly less expensive when it was estimated that her family 51 00:02:53,040 --> 00:02:55,800 Speaker 1: is spending about half a million dollars on her care, 52 00:02:56,360 --> 00:02:59,880 Speaker 1: as well as hairstylists and ran chairs and stuff like that, 53 00:03:00,360 --> 00:03:02,799 Speaker 1: finally had to say we gotta move you. Mall Um. 54 00:03:02,919 --> 00:03:06,200 Speaker 1: Was she in the coma from the attempted murder? Yes? Really, 55 00:03:06,560 --> 00:03:12,040 Speaker 1: allegedly by her husband, Claus von Bull, who recently passed away. Correct, Actually, um, 56 00:03:12,040 --> 00:03:15,400 Speaker 1: it was she who passed away. Okay, she did, um, 57 00:03:15,480 --> 00:03:17,399 Speaker 1: And this is actually kind of common. I'm not sure 58 00:03:17,400 --> 00:03:20,960 Speaker 1: how she passed away, but people in comas sometimes passed 59 00:03:21,000 --> 00:03:23,800 Speaker 1: away from pneumonia or something like that. It's their their 60 00:03:23,840 --> 00:03:26,560 Speaker 1: bodies not functioning very well, so they can succumb to 61 00:03:26,639 --> 00:03:28,640 Speaker 1: things like that. Well, apologies for not being up on 62 00:03:28,720 --> 00:03:31,760 Speaker 1: my von Buelow history. Hey, same here, Pale. It's okay. 63 00:03:31,960 --> 00:03:34,160 Speaker 1: Things move pretty fast in this crazy world of ours. 64 00:03:34,760 --> 00:03:38,360 Speaker 1: So back to Mrs white Bowl. Um, while Mrs von 65 00:03:38,400 --> 00:03:42,000 Speaker 1: Bulow never woke up, Mrs white Bull actually did after 66 00:03:42,080 --> 00:03:46,760 Speaker 1: sixteen years. This is amazing. This is exceedingly rare, rareer 67 00:03:46,760 --> 00:03:50,160 Speaker 1: than a sixteen plus your coma is waking up from 68 00:03:50,160 --> 00:03:54,160 Speaker 1: a sixteen plus your comma. Basically, Um, she woke up 69 00:03:54,640 --> 00:03:58,040 Speaker 1: one day while her one of her caregivers was adjusting 70 00:03:58,040 --> 00:04:00,840 Speaker 1: the sheets on her bed, and she lifted her head 71 00:04:00,880 --> 00:04:04,800 Speaker 1: and shouted, don't do that, and scared. I imagine the 72 00:04:04,880 --> 00:04:08,880 Speaker 1: daylights out of this woman. Yeah. Uh and uh. After that, 73 00:04:08,920 --> 00:04:11,840 Speaker 1: she was writing notes to her family. She called her 74 00:04:11,880 --> 00:04:16,440 Speaker 1: mother to say, marry Christmas has happened in December. Um, 75 00:04:16,520 --> 00:04:19,760 Speaker 1: And within like a month she was at a mall. 76 00:04:20,000 --> 00:04:22,680 Speaker 1: She wanted to see, you know, how the world had changed. 77 00:04:22,800 --> 00:04:24,280 Speaker 1: So she went to them all. She went to them all. 78 00:04:24,279 --> 00:04:26,600 Speaker 1: It's actually a pretty good place to start, right because 79 00:04:26,600 --> 00:04:28,800 Speaker 1: I mean back when she fell into a coma, Reagan 80 00:04:28,880 --> 00:04:31,920 Speaker 1: had just started his second term right right. Um there, 81 00:04:31,960 --> 00:04:35,400 Speaker 1: just I think about how much the world changed between 82 00:04:36,360 --> 00:04:38,039 Speaker 1: kidding and she woke up just in time to get 83 00:04:38,040 --> 00:04:41,680 Speaker 1: nervous for Y two k Yeah you know good? Yeah? Wow, 84 00:04:41,720 --> 00:04:44,400 Speaker 1: that's awesome, isn't that? It's kind of an uplifting story. 85 00:04:44,480 --> 00:04:46,640 Speaker 1: We could end it right here and I would be happy. 86 00:04:46,760 --> 00:04:49,680 Speaker 1: Probably I would too, actually, but we're not. Yeah, so 87 00:04:49,760 --> 00:04:51,800 Speaker 1: you want to talk about combas that I think I 88 00:04:51,920 --> 00:04:55,360 Speaker 1: take it from that solicitation. Yes, all right, well chuck, 89 00:04:55,800 --> 00:04:58,640 Speaker 1: let me start, because I haven't spoken enough so far. 90 00:04:59,080 --> 00:05:01,080 Speaker 1: I agree. I you're just gonna kick it off with 91 00:05:01,200 --> 00:05:04,839 Speaker 1: Coma comes from the Greek word coma appropriately enough, with 92 00:05:04,880 --> 00:05:07,360 Speaker 1: a with a K. That's the big distinction. And that 93 00:05:07,400 --> 00:05:12,560 Speaker 1: word is to sleep in the Greek dialect um. And 94 00:05:12,560 --> 00:05:15,880 Speaker 1: that's actually pretty misleading, isn't it. It is because when 95 00:05:15,880 --> 00:05:17,680 Speaker 1: you're sleep, you can wake up, and if you're in 96 00:05:17,680 --> 00:05:19,719 Speaker 1: a coma, you're not waking up. You don't respond to 97 00:05:20,240 --> 00:05:24,200 Speaker 1: stimuli like you know, site or motor function stuff like that. Yeah, 98 00:05:24,360 --> 00:05:25,920 Speaker 1: so you can sit there and shot all day at 99 00:05:25,920 --> 00:05:28,800 Speaker 1: a comma patient. They're not waking up, right. Um. They 100 00:05:28,839 --> 00:05:33,359 Speaker 1: also don't respond respond to pain stimuli. Um. There there's 101 00:05:33,520 --> 00:05:37,960 Speaker 1: they're just basically out right, but the brain functions part 102 00:05:38,000 --> 00:05:41,000 Speaker 1: of it does, right, Okay, So, um, we should probably 103 00:05:41,000 --> 00:05:43,080 Speaker 1: talk about the brain. To understand that coma, you kind 104 00:05:43,120 --> 00:05:46,120 Speaker 1: of have to have a minor understanding of the brain, right, 105 00:05:46,480 --> 00:05:51,279 Speaker 1: major understanding, major understanding. Exactly. Um. So we've got basically 106 00:05:51,320 --> 00:05:54,320 Speaker 1: three parts, yes, that that work to make us these 107 00:05:54,640 --> 00:05:57,320 Speaker 1: you know, talking monkeys that we are. Right. Um, You've 108 00:05:57,360 --> 00:06:01,239 Speaker 1: got the cerebrum cerebellum in the brains to him, uh, 109 00:06:01,279 --> 00:06:04,480 Speaker 1: and they communicate with one another, So you're cerebrum. That's 110 00:06:04,480 --> 00:06:12,640 Speaker 1: your higher brain. Yeah, that's controls things like emotion, memory, intelligence, personality, context. Yeah, 111 00:06:12,680 --> 00:06:14,320 Speaker 1: it's what most people think of when they think of 112 00:06:14,320 --> 00:06:16,400 Speaker 1: the brain. All that good stuff is in there, and 113 00:06:16,480 --> 00:06:19,160 Speaker 1: it's the largest part. Two. And then you've got the cerebellum, 114 00:06:19,160 --> 00:06:22,400 Speaker 1: which is in charge of balance movements, also very important. 115 00:06:22,440 --> 00:06:25,040 Speaker 1: And then the most ancient part of the brain, um 116 00:06:25,080 --> 00:06:28,279 Speaker 1: evolutionarily speaking, is the brain stem. Right, this is like 117 00:06:28,360 --> 00:06:32,839 Speaker 1: the basic part of the brain that controls like, um, breathing, 118 00:06:33,279 --> 00:06:38,839 Speaker 1: blood pressure, bowel movements. Actually, yeah exactly. So, Um, you 119 00:06:38,920 --> 00:06:42,320 Speaker 1: put all these together and you've got us intelligent, reasoning, 120 00:06:42,720 --> 00:06:45,920 Speaker 1: pooping humans, wrapping skull around it and some skin and 121 00:06:46,680 --> 00:06:49,480 Speaker 1: you've got a human exactly. Um. And all these things 122 00:06:49,520 --> 00:06:52,160 Speaker 1: have to kind of communicate with one another, and they 123 00:06:52,160 --> 00:06:55,200 Speaker 1: do so through the thalamus um and they send chemical 124 00:06:55,240 --> 00:07:00,000 Speaker 1: signals to one another. UM that makes your lungs um 125 00:07:00,040 --> 00:07:02,760 Speaker 1: inflate and deflate and makes you think this person is 126 00:07:02,800 --> 00:07:05,719 Speaker 1: making fun of me, or they're after me or something. Um. 127 00:07:05,760 --> 00:07:09,240 Speaker 1: There there's all this stuff combined, as you said, makes 128 00:07:09,320 --> 00:07:11,760 Speaker 1: us this way. If they stopped talking to one another, 129 00:07:12,600 --> 00:07:15,360 Speaker 1: you got yourself an altered state of consciousness exactly. And 130 00:07:15,360 --> 00:07:17,200 Speaker 1: there's quite a few of those. Yeah, you want to 131 00:07:17,200 --> 00:07:20,120 Speaker 1: talk about some of the other altered states. Uh, well, yeah, 132 00:07:20,120 --> 00:07:22,760 Speaker 1: there's a vegetative state that a lot of people, um 133 00:07:22,960 --> 00:07:26,120 Speaker 1: get confused with comma. It's not exactly the same thing, uh. 134 00:07:26,120 --> 00:07:29,720 Speaker 1: And a vegislative state is actually a type of coma um, 135 00:07:29,760 --> 00:07:33,560 Speaker 1: but you're generally awake but unresponsive, so your eyes can 136 00:07:33,600 --> 00:07:37,520 Speaker 1: be open, but you're still unresponsive. It is generally confused 137 00:07:37,520 --> 00:07:40,840 Speaker 1: with with coma because it usually comes after a coma. 138 00:07:41,120 --> 00:07:44,160 Speaker 1: Correct um. These people like Mrs white Bowl and Mrs 139 00:07:44,240 --> 00:07:46,560 Speaker 1: von Buelow, who are in comas for dozens of years 140 00:07:46,640 --> 00:07:51,200 Speaker 1: or tens of years, um, we're uh in a vegetative 141 00:07:51,240 --> 00:07:54,400 Speaker 1: state after X amount of time. So if you're in 142 00:07:54,440 --> 00:07:57,200 Speaker 1: a coma and you go into a vegetative state, you're 143 00:07:57,240 --> 00:07:59,520 Speaker 1: probably in a lot of trouble. You're probably not going 144 00:07:59,560 --> 00:08:03,200 Speaker 1: to come out of it. Um. You you some part 145 00:08:03,280 --> 00:08:06,960 Speaker 1: of your brain stem responds to stimuli, stimuli like maybe 146 00:08:07,000 --> 00:08:11,040 Speaker 1: a sound. So all of a sudden, your eyes um, 147 00:08:11,080 --> 00:08:13,640 Speaker 1: which are no longer coordinated, so they're kind of lolling around, 148 00:08:13,640 --> 00:08:15,800 Speaker 1: but both in the same direction towards the sound, but 149 00:08:15,840 --> 00:08:19,440 Speaker 1: there's no awareness of it. You're not you're not using 150 00:08:19,480 --> 00:08:21,440 Speaker 1: any of your higher brain function to figure out what 151 00:08:21,480 --> 00:08:25,280 Speaker 1: the sound is. It's just like a basic response. Right. 152 00:08:25,320 --> 00:08:26,920 Speaker 1: Your eyes can move, I believe that they could be 153 00:08:26,920 --> 00:08:30,760 Speaker 1: like yawning, even you can yawn, that kind of thing, blinking. 154 00:08:30,920 --> 00:08:34,280 Speaker 1: And the one real hallmark of a vegetative state is 155 00:08:34,320 --> 00:08:37,320 Speaker 1: people in it have sleep cycles. So so you know, 156 00:08:37,400 --> 00:08:40,480 Speaker 1: during the day they're diurnal. Still during the day they 157 00:08:40,520 --> 00:08:43,120 Speaker 1: will you know, blink or their eyes a lull about 158 00:08:43,120 --> 00:08:45,640 Speaker 1: in their head or there, they'll turn their their head 159 00:08:45,720 --> 00:08:49,720 Speaker 1: towards something, um. And then at night they're not doing that, 160 00:08:49,760 --> 00:08:52,800 Speaker 1: they're sleeping. In a coma, you're just you just appear 161 00:08:52,840 --> 00:08:55,720 Speaker 1: to be sleeping the whole time. So that's one. There's 162 00:08:55,760 --> 00:08:58,440 Speaker 1: another one that is one of my particular favorite altered 163 00:08:58,480 --> 00:09:03,520 Speaker 1: states of conscious stupor that actually scared me. Apparently, if 164 00:09:03,559 --> 00:09:05,600 Speaker 1: you are whacked out of your skull on drugs and 165 00:09:05,600 --> 00:09:08,760 Speaker 1: you're in a stupor, you're like one or two steps 166 00:09:08,800 --> 00:09:13,080 Speaker 1: away from Coma's host. It's all the same process is 167 00:09:13,120 --> 00:09:15,680 Speaker 1: going on. It's just I guess to a slightly different degree. 168 00:09:16,120 --> 00:09:21,000 Speaker 1: But that's alarming, you know, So watch out, buddy, I'm 169 00:09:21,000 --> 00:09:23,120 Speaker 1: watching out. But I distracted. You know, I know which 170 00:09:23,160 --> 00:09:24,840 Speaker 1: one you were going to talk about. You just like 171 00:09:24,920 --> 00:09:28,120 Speaker 1: to say stupor um. The one I like the most 172 00:09:28,160 --> 00:09:30,839 Speaker 1: is locked in syndrome. Yeah. I can't believe I just 173 00:09:30,880 --> 00:09:33,160 Speaker 1: said that. The the one I liked the most, the 174 00:09:33,160 --> 00:09:35,760 Speaker 1: one you find what's fascinating, Thank you, Chuck. Locked in 175 00:09:35,840 --> 00:09:41,199 Speaker 1: syndrome UM is basically where you're, uh, you can move 176 00:09:41,520 --> 00:09:45,000 Speaker 1: your higher brain is or you can't move. You're totally 177 00:09:45,000 --> 00:09:48,120 Speaker 1: aware though your higher brain is functioning. You are literally 178 00:09:48,120 --> 00:09:51,719 Speaker 1: locked into your body um and basically the only thing 179 00:09:51,720 --> 00:09:55,400 Speaker 1: you can move are your eyes typically and uh, that's 180 00:09:55,440 --> 00:09:59,679 Speaker 1: like Jean Dominique Bobie from the Diamond Bell in the Butterfly, 181 00:10:00,040 --> 00:10:02,640 Speaker 1: which is a great movie. We were just talking with Jerry, 182 00:10:02,640 --> 00:10:05,480 Speaker 1: our producer beforehand. We've both seen the film. It's really, really, 183 00:10:05,559 --> 00:10:08,160 Speaker 1: really great. But you have not because you're too busy 184 00:10:08,160 --> 00:10:12,160 Speaker 1: watching Magnet Pion. Yeah I have. I know enough about 185 00:10:12,320 --> 00:10:15,320 Speaker 1: the story when it came out, you know, I listen 186 00:10:15,360 --> 00:10:18,199 Speaker 1: to NPR and then talked about that like seven Days 187 00:10:18,200 --> 00:10:20,120 Speaker 1: in a Row. I think it's really good. But the 188 00:10:20,160 --> 00:10:23,240 Speaker 1: guy because he could move his eyes and he had 189 00:10:23,320 --> 00:10:28,080 Speaker 1: a computer software system that he could type with it. 190 00:10:28,720 --> 00:10:30,800 Speaker 1: But he he and he wrote a book in his 191 00:10:30,920 --> 00:10:34,600 Speaker 1: in this locked in state. Yes, right, and um he 192 00:10:34,720 --> 00:10:38,280 Speaker 1: typed every single letter of this book by looking at 193 00:10:38,280 --> 00:10:41,280 Speaker 1: the by choosing like a keyboard, right or from from 194 00:10:41,320 --> 00:10:44,280 Speaker 1: like a computer screen keyboard. I believe that's what happened. 195 00:10:44,320 --> 00:10:47,640 Speaker 1: That's nuts. But I mean imagine that. Imagine being locked 196 00:10:47,679 --> 00:10:50,600 Speaker 1: in and knowing exactly what was going on, and I'm 197 00:10:50,679 --> 00:10:53,800 Speaker 1: very frustrating. Imagine it's very much like the Metallica video one, 198 00:10:54,160 --> 00:10:57,000 Speaker 1: except that guy could move right, which was from the 199 00:10:57,040 --> 00:10:59,840 Speaker 1: film Johnny got his gun. I think, thank you, Wow, 200 00:11:00,200 --> 00:11:02,800 Speaker 1: very nice my fountain of film knowledge today. So those 201 00:11:02,840 --> 00:11:05,679 Speaker 1: are a couple of other altered states of consciousness in 202 00:11:05,679 --> 00:11:08,360 Speaker 1: case you're interested. If not, you should have fast forward 203 00:11:08,360 --> 00:11:11,280 Speaker 1: it to to the last one minute and a half maybe two. Um, 204 00:11:11,320 --> 00:11:14,920 Speaker 1: and we're back to coma again. Okay, so somebody falls 205 00:11:14,920 --> 00:11:17,480 Speaker 1: into a coma. How how does this happen? What are 206 00:11:17,480 --> 00:11:19,199 Speaker 1: some of the ways you can become coma tope? Well, 207 00:11:19,240 --> 00:11:22,440 Speaker 1: there's a bunch of ways. Um. One way is from 208 00:11:22,480 --> 00:11:25,880 Speaker 1: brain injury, obviously. UM, if you have severe head trauma, 209 00:11:25,920 --> 00:11:28,320 Speaker 1: you can get an impact that actually makes your brain 210 00:11:28,440 --> 00:11:32,520 Speaker 1: move within your skull. And uh, and now that if 211 00:11:32,520 --> 00:11:35,960 Speaker 1: your brain actually hit your skull, that's what a concussion is, correct, 212 00:11:36,120 --> 00:11:38,840 Speaker 1: I believe so. But something more severe than that can 213 00:11:39,160 --> 00:11:43,240 Speaker 1: cause uh, nerve blood vessels and nerve fibers to swell up, 214 00:11:43,720 --> 00:11:46,680 Speaker 1: and that can potentially cut off the flow of blood 215 00:11:46,720 --> 00:11:49,080 Speaker 1: and therefore oxygen to the brain. And that's when you're 216 00:11:49,080 --> 00:11:51,480 Speaker 1: in trouble. You want your skull to be stationary at 217 00:11:51,480 --> 00:11:54,439 Speaker 1: all times, or you want your brain to be stationary 218 00:11:54,480 --> 00:11:56,400 Speaker 1: at all times in your skull. Yes, it's just not 219 00:11:56,480 --> 00:11:59,400 Speaker 1: good when it slaps around in there. No, it's not. So. 220 00:11:59,800 --> 00:12:04,119 Speaker 1: You can also become comatast if you have diabetes, right, diabetes, 221 00:12:04,360 --> 00:12:07,680 Speaker 1: certain diseases like meningitis can make it happen. Drug overdose 222 00:12:07,720 --> 00:12:10,640 Speaker 1: can make it happen. Yeah, although I believe you told 223 00:12:10,679 --> 00:12:12,680 Speaker 1: me that they don't even know exactly how that happens. 224 00:12:12,840 --> 00:12:15,080 Speaker 1: I don't know how it happens. I couldn't find out 225 00:12:15,240 --> 00:12:17,720 Speaker 1: what leads to it. The way I took it was 226 00:12:17,760 --> 00:12:21,800 Speaker 1: that there is a m It slows your response, um it. 227 00:12:21,880 --> 00:12:24,120 Speaker 1: Maybe it slows the oxygen to your brain, or the 228 00:12:24,120 --> 00:12:27,320 Speaker 1: flow of oxygen your brain, or it just relaxes muscles 229 00:12:27,320 --> 00:12:31,080 Speaker 1: that need to be working. I don't know. That's literally 230 00:12:31,240 --> 00:12:33,600 Speaker 1: off the top of my head, right. I sense a 231 00:12:33,640 --> 00:12:37,520 Speaker 1: neurosurgeon email in the near future to climbs up for us, Yeah, 232 00:12:37,760 --> 00:12:40,080 Speaker 1: because we want to. But yeah, there are there are 233 00:12:40,080 --> 00:12:42,440 Speaker 1: plenty of ways that you can slip into a coma, 234 00:12:42,720 --> 00:12:45,040 Speaker 1: And actually you can slip into a coma. You can 235 00:12:45,080 --> 00:12:47,880 Speaker 1: go through stages of altered consciousness and then end up 236 00:12:47,920 --> 00:12:50,720 Speaker 1: coma toast, which is the granddaddy worst one of all, 237 00:12:51,400 --> 00:12:53,880 Speaker 1: although I don't know, lockdan is probably worse. But it 238 00:12:53,920 --> 00:12:56,079 Speaker 1: can't happen gradually, that's a good point. Or it can 239 00:12:56,120 --> 00:12:59,800 Speaker 1: happen very quickly, like you know, through a major concussion, 240 00:13:00,240 --> 00:13:02,720 Speaker 1: through a car accident or something like that if you've 241 00:13:02,760 --> 00:13:05,680 Speaker 1: slipped into a diabetic coma, that would happen gradually usually 242 00:13:05,960 --> 00:13:09,959 Speaker 1: right exactly, you might get feverish and uh dizzy and lethargic, 243 00:13:10,040 --> 00:13:11,400 Speaker 1: and then all of a sudden you're in a coma, 244 00:13:11,440 --> 00:13:15,240 Speaker 1: which is frightening. It is do you have diabetes? Me? Neither? 245 00:13:15,960 --> 00:13:17,840 Speaker 1: I might one day, though I think my father got 246 00:13:17,840 --> 00:13:21,080 Speaker 1: it later in his life. Is a genetic I don't know. 247 00:13:21,320 --> 00:13:24,960 Speaker 1: I sense another letter from a personal type clear that 248 00:13:25,280 --> 00:13:27,480 Speaker 1: at this point we could just start asking questions we 249 00:13:27,840 --> 00:13:31,160 Speaker 1: read do do like a twenty minute reader mail segment. 250 00:13:31,240 --> 00:13:33,720 Speaker 1: You just correcting ourselves every time. It's a good idea, 251 00:13:33,760 --> 00:13:35,160 Speaker 1: all right, So what do you do if you're in 252 00:13:35,200 --> 00:13:38,319 Speaker 1: a coma? I mean, here, let me just say one 253 00:13:38,320 --> 00:13:42,080 Speaker 1: thing real quick. After researching comas, you know how when 254 00:13:42,120 --> 00:13:46,440 Speaker 1: you have a heart attack, your your heart actually isn't stopped. 255 00:13:46,520 --> 00:13:50,200 Speaker 1: It's it's gone out of its rhythmic beat. So when 256 00:13:50,360 --> 00:13:53,560 Speaker 1: you are zapped, right when they when they hit you 257 00:13:53,600 --> 00:13:56,440 Speaker 1: with the paddles, what they're doing is actually stopping your 258 00:13:56,440 --> 00:13:59,720 Speaker 1: heart to give it a chance to restart. With a coma, 259 00:13:59,840 --> 00:14:04,840 Speaker 1: it seems like the pattern of of um of discussion 260 00:14:04,920 --> 00:14:07,800 Speaker 1: between the different parts of your brain that make you 261 00:14:07,840 --> 00:14:12,240 Speaker 1: conscious and aware. Um, they it's been interrupted, but we 262 00:14:12,320 --> 00:14:15,080 Speaker 1: don't know how to zap it back into place exactly. 263 00:14:15,120 --> 00:14:16,679 Speaker 1: It's a good way to say it, but you know, 264 00:14:16,720 --> 00:14:19,720 Speaker 1: I mean you still have to care for these people, exactly. 265 00:14:19,720 --> 00:14:21,600 Speaker 1: You can't just say, well, you know, we don't really 266 00:14:21,600 --> 00:14:24,840 Speaker 1: know how to do anything to make you better. There 267 00:14:24,840 --> 00:14:27,680 Speaker 1: are some ways drug overdose, Uh, if you keep if 268 00:14:27,680 --> 00:14:31,040 Speaker 1: you sustain someone's life processes, they can come out after 269 00:14:31,080 --> 00:14:34,480 Speaker 1: the drug begins to wear off, or same with alcohol poison. Uh, 270 00:14:35,040 --> 00:14:38,680 Speaker 1: diabetic coma that can be treated. Yeah, but once they 271 00:14:38,720 --> 00:14:40,600 Speaker 1: like from a major brain injury, you may be in 272 00:14:40,640 --> 00:14:44,200 Speaker 1: big trouble or stroke. Sure. I think the first thing 273 00:14:44,200 --> 00:14:46,280 Speaker 1: that has to happen is a doctor has to determine 274 00:14:46,320 --> 00:14:48,400 Speaker 1: whether or not you're actually in a coma. That's the 275 00:14:48,400 --> 00:14:50,680 Speaker 1: first step. Yeah, how do they do that? Well, there's 276 00:14:50,680 --> 00:14:53,360 Speaker 1: a couple of um, a couple of scales they use 277 00:14:53,440 --> 00:14:56,880 Speaker 1: to determine your level of alertness. And one is from Glasgow. 278 00:14:57,000 --> 00:14:59,400 Speaker 1: It's called the Glasgow Coma scale. Is that how it 279 00:14:59,520 --> 00:15:01,920 Speaker 1: said it? There's no accent associated with it. I'm not 280 00:15:01,960 --> 00:15:05,080 Speaker 1: gonna try my Scottish accent. And then there's the Rancho 281 00:15:05,200 --> 00:15:08,320 Speaker 1: los Amigos scale. No, I'm not going to do that either, 282 00:15:08,400 --> 00:15:10,920 Speaker 1: all right, We're gonna remain respectful in this one. And 283 00:15:11,240 --> 00:15:13,800 Speaker 1: basically the doctors use these two scales and there's varying 284 00:15:13,800 --> 00:15:18,840 Speaker 1: test of responsiveness with your eyes, verbal responses, motor responses 285 00:15:19,200 --> 00:15:22,840 Speaker 1: to various stimuli and so um they do this to determine. 286 00:15:22,840 --> 00:15:25,680 Speaker 1: They use both of these scales actually, uh to to 287 00:15:25,720 --> 00:15:28,280 Speaker 1: basically gauge how alert you are and whether or not 288 00:15:28,320 --> 00:15:30,000 Speaker 1: you're in fact in a comma. So is it like 289 00:15:30,200 --> 00:15:32,960 Speaker 1: they just clap loudly next to your ears and command 290 00:15:33,000 --> 00:15:36,200 Speaker 1: you to sit up or something like that, I would 291 00:15:36,200 --> 00:15:38,320 Speaker 1: say so. I mean they use um like do your 292 00:15:38,320 --> 00:15:40,920 Speaker 1: eyes open when someone speaks to you? Uh, do yours? 293 00:15:41,080 --> 00:15:44,280 Speaker 1: Do your eyes open when there's pain involved? So there's 294 00:15:44,360 --> 00:15:46,600 Speaker 1: all kinds of little ways that they can check. And yeah, 295 00:15:46,600 --> 00:15:48,440 Speaker 1: they I guess they want to determine whether you're in 296 00:15:48,480 --> 00:15:51,280 Speaker 1: a coma or whether you're just you know, resting your 297 00:15:51,280 --> 00:15:55,440 Speaker 1: eyes or playing possum because of what comes after that, right, 298 00:15:55,480 --> 00:15:58,120 Speaker 1: And they while they assign your score an arrange from 299 00:15:58,160 --> 00:16:01,200 Speaker 1: three to fifteen, three e being a very deep coma 300 00:16:01,240 --> 00:16:04,160 Speaker 1: and fifteen being uh less right now, right, Yeah, I'm 301 00:16:04,200 --> 00:16:08,880 Speaker 1: about fourteen. But yeah, alright, so we've established you're in 302 00:16:08,920 --> 00:16:12,320 Speaker 1: a coma. It's awful your three right, all right, so 303 00:16:12,360 --> 00:16:14,400 Speaker 1: you are just completely dead to the world, but you're 304 00:16:14,400 --> 00:16:18,400 Speaker 1: still alive amazingly right. That would be comatose and unresponsive 305 00:16:18,440 --> 00:16:21,720 Speaker 1: is the official classification of that's deep of a comma. Okay, 306 00:16:21,760 --> 00:16:24,520 Speaker 1: so you're in there. Um, if you're in a car injury, 307 00:16:24,520 --> 00:16:26,920 Speaker 1: what they're going to do. They're gonna tree ours, your symptoms, 308 00:16:27,200 --> 00:16:30,600 Speaker 1: your problems. So if you're in a car record something 309 00:16:30,600 --> 00:16:32,960 Speaker 1: you have injuries from that, they're gonna, you know, control 310 00:16:33,000 --> 00:16:35,040 Speaker 1: the bleeding that kind of thing. They want to stabilize 311 00:16:35,080 --> 00:16:38,040 Speaker 1: everything else first not first, but you know once you're 312 00:16:38,080 --> 00:16:41,800 Speaker 1: once you're stable though, um, and you're still in a coma, 313 00:16:42,720 --> 00:16:46,280 Speaker 1: they you can't care for yourself any longer. So they 314 00:16:46,280 --> 00:16:48,240 Speaker 1: it's kind of like they're going to poke around and 315 00:16:48,320 --> 00:16:52,000 Speaker 1: determine what the causes. Maybe they'll use in e g. 316 00:16:52,280 --> 00:16:55,160 Speaker 1: Electro and cephalography right or m r I or f 317 00:16:55,320 --> 00:16:57,280 Speaker 1: m r I, which is basically an m r I 318 00:16:57,320 --> 00:17:02,040 Speaker 1: for the brain, or CT scan which is computed tomography 319 00:17:02,280 --> 00:17:04,480 Speaker 1: right now. They they'll use all these things to basically 320 00:17:04,480 --> 00:17:07,720 Speaker 1: either look inside and e g actually is basically, um, 321 00:17:07,800 --> 00:17:11,520 Speaker 1: kind of like cooking into your electrical system and checking out, 322 00:17:11,560 --> 00:17:13,960 Speaker 1: you know what, how the impulses are doing right, and 323 00:17:14,000 --> 00:17:16,439 Speaker 1: they'll diagnose, you know, maybe what caused the coma, that 324 00:17:16,520 --> 00:17:19,320 Speaker 1: kind of thing. So once once you once you're stabilized 325 00:17:19,359 --> 00:17:22,560 Speaker 1: diagnosed in a coma, you know, you've you've been given 326 00:17:22,600 --> 00:17:27,919 Speaker 1: the scale rating, um, and you're in for the long haul. Clearly. Yeah, 327 00:17:27,960 --> 00:17:31,399 Speaker 1: they're they're gonna basically use machines to care for you, 328 00:17:31,480 --> 00:17:36,520 Speaker 1: like feeding tubes. Um. Oftentimes somebody in a prolonged coma 329 00:17:36,600 --> 00:17:41,400 Speaker 1: or vegetative state. Uh, they'll perform a tricky otomy so 330 00:17:41,520 --> 00:17:44,000 Speaker 1: they don't have to innovate you um because after a 331 00:17:44,000 --> 00:17:47,040 Speaker 1: while the innovation too. But imagine gets real, you know, 332 00:17:47,320 --> 00:17:50,800 Speaker 1: uncomfortable that actually so much so that you you would 333 00:17:50,800 --> 00:17:53,639 Speaker 1: prefer a hole of the throat. Yeah, and you know, 334 00:17:53,800 --> 00:17:56,240 Speaker 1: let me it's a little aside. One of my best friends, 335 00:17:56,440 --> 00:18:00,560 Speaker 1: guy named Jen's Baty, in sixth grade, Uh, his mom 336 00:18:01,040 --> 00:18:06,240 Speaker 1: started choking h in a restaurant and actually had an 337 00:18:06,240 --> 00:18:09,360 Speaker 1: emergency trackeotomy with a stake knife and a pain performed 338 00:18:09,359 --> 00:18:11,879 Speaker 1: on her. Yeah, there was a doctor there who did it, 339 00:18:12,200 --> 00:18:15,480 Speaker 1: and he just went he was breathing. Again. That's the 340 00:18:15,480 --> 00:18:17,000 Speaker 1: worst case scenario right there. And so he used to 341 00:18:17,040 --> 00:18:19,280 Speaker 1: have this little scar and still I'm sure still does. 342 00:18:19,359 --> 00:18:22,040 Speaker 1: But it was crazy. Guys. The only person I ever 343 00:18:22,119 --> 00:18:24,639 Speaker 1: knew who had an emergency trade. I thought that was 344 00:18:24,680 --> 00:18:27,840 Speaker 1: something just you know, you get on the er. Yeah, 345 00:18:27,920 --> 00:18:31,040 Speaker 1: it happens, It happens. Uh. So back to comas, another 346 00:18:31,080 --> 00:18:33,640 Speaker 1: thing that that is often done is a physical therapy 347 00:18:33,680 --> 00:18:37,679 Speaker 1: just to keep the muscles moving. Um, they'll they'll, you know, 348 00:18:37,720 --> 00:18:40,119 Speaker 1: the nurses will move the patient to prevent bed swords 349 00:18:40,119 --> 00:18:43,040 Speaker 1: and then move the muscles, flex the legs to keep 350 00:18:43,080 --> 00:18:46,080 Speaker 1: you know, atrophy from setting in. Or if you're uma therman, 351 00:18:46,119 --> 00:18:49,800 Speaker 1: you can do a really focused you know, um regime 352 00:18:50,240 --> 00:18:55,600 Speaker 1: right within an eight hour period and you'll be walking again. Right. Yeah. So, um, 353 00:18:55,840 --> 00:18:57,199 Speaker 1: how we need to bring this down a little bit, 354 00:18:57,240 --> 00:19:01,440 Speaker 1: don't we? I think so? Yeah, because searching it, it's 355 00:19:01,600 --> 00:19:06,080 Speaker 1: when you really get a grasp on comas, in the 356 00:19:06,119 --> 00:19:08,679 Speaker 1: peculiar nature of them and just the fact that we 357 00:19:08,760 --> 00:19:10,960 Speaker 1: have no way to bring somebody out of a coma. 358 00:19:11,560 --> 00:19:13,679 Speaker 1: It's kind of heartbreaking to think that their families out 359 00:19:13,720 --> 00:19:16,119 Speaker 1: there who would go to the hospital every day or 360 00:19:16,160 --> 00:19:19,680 Speaker 1: every week and yeah, and you hope because there's people 361 00:19:19,720 --> 00:19:22,320 Speaker 1: like Patricia White Bull who sit up all of a 362 00:19:22,400 --> 00:19:26,040 Speaker 1: sudden and there you have it. You know, somebody can 363 00:19:26,080 --> 00:19:28,879 Speaker 1: come out of a long comma. It's that's rough true. 364 00:19:28,960 --> 00:19:30,680 Speaker 1: I've got a study for you that might encourage you 365 00:19:30,720 --> 00:19:32,320 Speaker 1: a bit. I'd love to hear it, just from two 366 00:19:32,320 --> 00:19:35,600 Speaker 1: thousand six. It's from Dr Adrian Owen of Cambridge University 367 00:19:35,600 --> 00:19:39,040 Speaker 1: and neuroscientists, and he's trying to determine a consciousness meter 368 00:19:40,000 --> 00:19:43,520 Speaker 1: for people in comas and vegetative states. So what he 369 00:19:43,560 --> 00:19:46,480 Speaker 1: does is he hooks a normal, healthy person up to 370 00:19:46,760 --> 00:19:48,920 Speaker 1: uh an f m R I machine, which I know 371 00:19:49,080 --> 00:19:51,680 Speaker 1: you understand how that works right, Well, it basically it's 372 00:19:51,480 --> 00:19:55,280 Speaker 1: it it uses magnet magnetic imaging to see through the 373 00:19:55,359 --> 00:19:58,399 Speaker 1: skull um and basically it's watching the brain. It is 374 00:19:58,400 --> 00:20:01,320 Speaker 1: watching the electrical activit being in the brain. So if 375 00:20:01,359 --> 00:20:03,960 Speaker 1: you know the the prefrontal cortex lights up when you 376 00:20:04,000 --> 00:20:07,040 Speaker 1: tell somebody to you know, um, and when somebody sees 377 00:20:07,040 --> 00:20:10,720 Speaker 1: a bunny, you'll know that the prefrontal cortex is involved 378 00:20:10,760 --> 00:20:14,320 Speaker 1: in and taking cuteness into context or something. Well, that's 379 00:20:14,320 --> 00:20:17,879 Speaker 1: I'm impressed. So he'll hook up a healthy person and 380 00:20:17,920 --> 00:20:20,160 Speaker 1: then someone in a come our vegetative state and asked 381 00:20:20,240 --> 00:20:23,119 Speaker 1: him to do something like, imagine playing a game of tennis. 382 00:20:23,160 --> 00:20:25,359 Speaker 1: I believes what he is on this one woman, and 383 00:20:25,400 --> 00:20:28,480 Speaker 1: he found that, um, the brain activity was really similar 384 00:20:28,840 --> 00:20:32,760 Speaker 1: for both of these people, which led him to believe that, uh, 385 00:20:32,800 --> 00:20:34,919 Speaker 1: there may be a lot more brain activity going on 386 00:20:35,119 --> 00:20:38,000 Speaker 1: and some of these different states of mind. Yeah, that 387 00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:42,399 Speaker 1: that pretty much flatly contradicts our understanding of vegetative states. True, 388 00:20:42,440 --> 00:20:45,480 Speaker 1: but it also this was one one person. I believe 389 00:20:45,520 --> 00:20:48,239 Speaker 1: that it was successful in and I'm sure there's been 390 00:20:48,280 --> 00:20:51,159 Speaker 1: subsequent studies since. But he himself said that, you know, 391 00:20:51,200 --> 00:20:53,160 Speaker 1: we need to keep studying this kind of thing before 392 00:20:53,160 --> 00:20:56,640 Speaker 1: we make any determinations. Yeah, yeah, we need to basically 393 00:20:56,640 --> 00:20:58,879 Speaker 1: figure out how to bring people out of comas. Right, 394 00:20:58,960 --> 00:21:01,920 Speaker 1: but it does happen. You can come out of a coma. No, 395 00:21:02,040 --> 00:21:04,320 Speaker 1: you totally can't. You can't bring someone out of a coma. 396 00:21:04,359 --> 00:21:08,720 Speaker 1: But I think they said that who score a three 397 00:21:08,800 --> 00:21:11,240 Speaker 1: or four on the on the scale within the first 398 00:21:11,280 --> 00:21:14,600 Speaker 1: twenty four hours are likely to either die or remain 399 00:21:14,640 --> 00:21:17,520 Speaker 1: in the vegetative state, So that's no good. And but 400 00:21:17,600 --> 00:21:21,240 Speaker 1: on the other side, who score between eleven and fifteen 401 00:21:21,560 --> 00:21:24,359 Speaker 1: are likely to make a good recovery. So well it 402 00:21:24,400 --> 00:21:26,520 Speaker 1: makes sense. I mean, if you can, you know, shake 403 00:21:26,560 --> 00:21:28,920 Speaker 1: somebody's hand when they tell you to, right, you're probably 404 00:21:28,960 --> 00:21:30,959 Speaker 1: gonna make it. But apparently it's his first twenty four 405 00:21:31,000 --> 00:21:34,000 Speaker 1: hours are really telling. Yeah, I would imagine. So, so 406 00:21:34,040 --> 00:21:37,000 Speaker 1: that's that's comas. Huh. That's my understanding of Comma, the 407 00:21:37,119 --> 00:21:42,320 Speaker 1: great medical mystery that still remains one day maybe I hope. 408 00:21:42,359 --> 00:21:45,600 Speaker 1: So all right, chilling, uh, Chuck, do you want to 409 00:21:45,640 --> 00:21:49,159 Speaker 1: do listener mail? Yeah, let's do listener mail. And I'm 410 00:21:49,200 --> 00:21:52,280 Speaker 1: starting to separate listener mail into different categories good cream 411 00:21:52,320 --> 00:21:54,640 Speaker 1: from the rest of the crop, as exactly the men 412 00:21:54,720 --> 00:21:56,880 Speaker 1: from the boys, well, just more like a good way 413 00:21:56,920 --> 00:22:01,480 Speaker 1: to woman from the girls. Shut it. Um. So, first 414 00:22:01,520 --> 00:22:03,440 Speaker 1: of all, we've decided to change this one part to 415 00:22:03,640 --> 00:22:06,679 Speaker 1: stuff we should know. This is instead of corrections a 416 00:22:06,680 --> 00:22:09,399 Speaker 1: lot of times are not in actual correction, but something 417 00:22:09,480 --> 00:22:12,480 Speaker 1: a listener has added that we did not realize. And 418 00:22:12,680 --> 00:22:15,119 Speaker 1: there's stuff we should have known, stuff we should have known. 419 00:22:15,160 --> 00:22:16,960 Speaker 1: We can call it that, but that that actually came 420 00:22:17,000 --> 00:22:20,480 Speaker 1: from Brian Smith of California suggested we call it that. Yeah, 421 00:22:20,480 --> 00:22:24,119 Speaker 1: we're actively following our listeners commands at this point. So, Brian, 422 00:22:24,160 --> 00:22:26,880 Speaker 1: we appreciate the title there, and we're gonna use that now. 423 00:22:27,400 --> 00:22:30,400 Speaker 1: So something we did miss in the body armor episode. 424 00:22:30,440 --> 00:22:32,160 Speaker 1: We talked about a lot of kinds of body armor, 425 00:22:32,200 --> 00:22:35,280 Speaker 1: which was good, but we failed to mention one new, 426 00:22:36,040 --> 00:22:39,560 Speaker 1: very awesome one called dragon skin armor. And apparently these 427 00:22:39,600 --> 00:22:42,760 Speaker 1: are a little small, overlapping ceramic disks, sort of like 428 00:22:42,880 --> 00:22:46,919 Speaker 1: the medieval scale mail. And um, it's just a modern 429 00:22:47,000 --> 00:22:50,960 Speaker 1: version essentially, and it's more effective from repeated hits from 430 00:22:50,960 --> 00:22:54,360 Speaker 1: a bullet. So a lot quite a few people sent 431 00:22:54,480 --> 00:22:59,320 Speaker 1: this in. Michael Schivitz, retired naval officer or I don't 432 00:22:59,320 --> 00:23:03,399 Speaker 1: know about officer, retired U S. Navy, Reno Marino or 433 00:23:03,480 --> 00:23:08,720 Speaker 1: Renee Marino from Brooklyn, and Devin Montess in California. And 434 00:23:08,720 --> 00:23:10,800 Speaker 1: I'm sure we missed a few others, but yeah, we 435 00:23:10,840 --> 00:23:14,080 Speaker 1: actually got a lot of mail about the dragon skills. 436 00:23:14,080 --> 00:23:15,959 Speaker 1: And I say, I find it comforting to know that 437 00:23:16,000 --> 00:23:20,440 Speaker 1: we're advancing light years now, right, And I have one 438 00:23:20,440 --> 00:23:23,120 Speaker 1: more quick one, and this is uh apropos to our 439 00:23:23,200 --> 00:23:27,359 Speaker 1: topic today of commas, John mull Queen. It's a doctor 440 00:23:27,600 --> 00:23:30,880 Speaker 1: in Massachusetts. And John wrote in and said I thought 441 00:23:30,920 --> 00:23:32,520 Speaker 1: it would never happen. But I heard a mistake on 442 00:23:32,560 --> 00:23:37,760 Speaker 1: stuff you should know, uh exorcism. Apparently you said this 443 00:23:37,960 --> 00:23:40,879 Speaker 1: is not me. You said that someone with epilepsy. You 444 00:23:40,920 --> 00:23:43,800 Speaker 1: could throw somebody in an MRI machine and look at 445 00:23:43,800 --> 00:23:46,159 Speaker 1: the parts of the brain and see that someone is epileptic. 446 00:23:46,760 --> 00:23:49,440 Speaker 1: And John says that, actually you would not see epilepsy 447 00:23:49,440 --> 00:23:52,159 Speaker 1: in an MRI. I caesars are diagnosed with an E 448 00:23:52,160 --> 00:23:54,600 Speaker 1: E G machine, which is what we just spoke about, 449 00:23:54,680 --> 00:23:57,880 Speaker 1: So we appreciate that correction. Yeah, thank you. Is he from? 450 00:23:58,160 --> 00:24:01,360 Speaker 1: Is he from Farmington Framing hand? You know it's from 451 00:24:01,680 --> 00:24:05,720 Speaker 1: Gardner mass Well x x o O to all of 452 00:24:05,720 --> 00:24:08,600 Speaker 1: our listeners who sent mail, and you two can send mail. 453 00:24:08,760 --> 00:24:12,760 Speaker 1: You can send it to uh stuff podcast at how 454 00:24:12,800 --> 00:24:15,440 Speaker 1: stuff works dot com. I gotta tell you there's plenty 455 00:24:15,440 --> 00:24:18,240 Speaker 1: more information on comas in the great article on the 456 00:24:18,280 --> 00:24:21,400 Speaker 1: site called how comas work. Just type those three little 457 00:24:21,440 --> 00:24:24,920 Speaker 1: words into our handy search bar and of course how 458 00:24:24,960 --> 00:24:30,960 Speaker 1: stuff works dot com for more on this and thousands 459 00:24:30,960 --> 00:24:36,320 Speaker 1: of other topics. Is it how stuff works dot com, 460 00:24:36,320 --> 00:24:38,959 Speaker 1: brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray. 461 00:24:39,240 --> 00:24:40,400 Speaker 1: It's ready, are you