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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind from how Stuff

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Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, you're welcome to Stuff to Blow

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Speaker 1: your mind. My name is Robert Lamb, and we just

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Speaker 1: recorded a fairly long episode about bats called The Wild

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Speaker 1: World of Bats. And hopefully you've you've listened to that

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Speaker 1: one before you listen to this one. Not that you

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Speaker 1: have to, but I think that's a preferred listening order.

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Speaker 1: But but but in that podcast, we talked about a

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Speaker 1: lot about the ways of bats, in the way that

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Speaker 1: the ways that they've come to own the night, um,

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Speaker 1: how they live in this this different realm of the

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Speaker 1: senses um. And we also mentioned a philosophical paper by

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Speaker 1: one Thomas Nagle, and we read a quote from that.

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Speaker 1: But his whole point is that we as humans have

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Speaker 1: are perhaps incapable of understanding the viewpoints of other species,

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Speaker 1: be it be at a dog, a cat, a bat,

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Speaker 1: or you know, an alien being of some sort on

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Speaker 1: another planet. We just can't we can't really compare ourselves

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Speaker 1: in their mind because we're not privy to um all

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Speaker 1: the experiences that make them what they are. And uh,

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Speaker 1: and with the bat, we see that, especially in its

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Speaker 1: echolocation and its use of song. Basically it's use of song,

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Speaker 1: it's use of sound to see the world around it

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Speaker 1: and experience it and interact with it. Yeah, because remember

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Speaker 1: this is really the aspect of bats that make that

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Speaker 1: successful really if you look at it. Of course the

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Speaker 1: flying is important, but the ability to have this sort

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Speaker 1: of song um is what makes this UH as what

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Speaker 1: your Dr. George Pollock says, a rich sensory exotica. And

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Speaker 1: I love that because we're really going to try to

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Speaker 1: delve into that today, like what does it mean to

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Speaker 1: be a creature who depends on echolocation and how does

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Speaker 1: it change your understanding of the physical world. So, just

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Speaker 1: to to briefly mention echolocation again, I think radar thinks sonar.

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Speaker 1: The bat sends out a signal, a sound signal goes

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Speaker 1: out and waves, it hits something, it bounces back, and

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Speaker 1: there's something maybe the wall of a canyon, which we

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Speaker 1: can relate to in an echo. If we're standing in

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Speaker 1: a canyon, we we hear our sound um flow out

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Speaker 1: from us and return to us. But then with the bat,

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Speaker 1: we're also talking about UH the ability to balance off

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Speaker 1: of very small objects, moving objects such as a moth

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Speaker 1: moving around in the night that would make a tasty,

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Speaker 1: tasty snack, as well as the movements of other creatures

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Speaker 1: and other things in the night. UM a lot of

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Speaker 1: In most cases, the echolocation sound is an extremely high

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Speaker 1: pitched noise, so high that it's beyond human hearing. But

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Speaker 1: the their vocal communication is is again, it is, it is.

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Speaker 1: It's rich. It's not just a bat. Squawk at the

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Speaker 1: squawk at that, and squawk at this other thing and

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Speaker 1: see what happens. You see a vast array of squeaks

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Speaker 1: and squawks and babbles. Uh. In many cases, we're talking

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Speaker 1: about elaborate songs that they're basically there. To get a

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Speaker 1: little ideic about it, they're they're sort of singing the

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Speaker 1: world around them into existence. Yeah, and it is finally

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Speaker 1: tuned so they can of course adjust the pitch, the frequency,

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Speaker 1: all different aspects of of of what they're emitting in

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Speaker 1: order to get the right kind of data back that

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Speaker 1: they want. And also when you think about this, UM,

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Speaker 1: you know the sort of data that it's hitting Like

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Speaker 1: a moth, it's not just a moth, it's every single

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Speaker 1: thing that is in that vicinity that's coming back that

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Speaker 1: it now has to make sense of. Um. They are

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Speaker 1: not only detecting, detecting and hunting objects, but they are

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Speaker 1: forming three dimensional images of these objects on the basis

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Speaker 1: of sound. Like it's all coming together in their mind

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Speaker 1: in a way that we really can't quite fathom. Yeah. So,

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Speaker 1: so they know where they are in space, they know

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Speaker 1: the verticality of this object or thing, they know the distance,

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Speaker 1: and they can see, really they can see with their

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Speaker 1: ears flying at speeds of forty miles an hour while

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Speaker 1: doing this, And I mean, I love the idea that

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Speaker 1: that they that it even has a sense of amarants

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Speaker 1: and dax. That's just amazing to even fine wrap your

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Speaker 1: head around. Um. Now, it's worth noting that despite the

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Speaker 1: saying blind is a bat, bats are not blind. Most

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Speaker 1: bats have sides. Sometimes the side is a little uh

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Speaker 1: certainly less developed of their senses. But but in something

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Speaker 1: in case, they have very acute eyesight. So it's not

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Speaker 1: that they're hearing and singing and not seeing. They're seeing

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Speaker 1: as well. But but it's just part of the the

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Speaker 1: overall sense experience. And this is also part of the

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Speaker 1: adaptation becoming a nocturnal creature. Okay, so bats are using

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Speaker 1: biosnar to get information about their target, the distance, the

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Speaker 1: direction in the nature. Um. But when echo locating bats

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Speaker 1: approach a target, they move in actually three phases. The

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Speaker 1: first is a search phase, and it's a call with

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Speaker 1: constant features and long intervals between the calls, and the

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Speaker 1: second is an approach phase. And the last phase as

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Speaker 1: is called a feeding buzz. And during a feeding buzz

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Speaker 1: that that shortens the duration of its calls and the

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Speaker 1: intervals between them. UM. So what you'll see is that

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Speaker 1: these echolocation calls of bats have two major patterns. And

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Speaker 1: then the first pattern is called a high duty cycle,

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Speaker 1: in which that separate the pulse and the echo and frequency.

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Speaker 1: And these calls are long and they're separated by short

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Speaker 1: periods of silence and dominated by a single frequency. And

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Speaker 1: the second pattern is called a low duty cycle, and

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Speaker 1: that separate the pulse and the echo and time, and

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Speaker 1: these calls are short and separated by long periods of

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Speaker 1: silence and are not dominated by a single frequency. So

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Speaker 1: already you can see there's a ton of stuff going

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Speaker 1: on here and what seems to be just a simple,

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Speaker 1: you know, immediate emitting of sound. There's some cool research

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Speaker 1: that came out of a University of Maryland's bat lap

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Speaker 1: and I love that they have a battle. Um, tell

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Speaker 1: me this real quick. In researching this, do you think

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Speaker 1: there were were you finding more in more studies about

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Speaker 1: bats that were conducted by German scientists or German labs. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: there was a couple of dominant ones. Yeah, so I

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Speaker 1: wasn't sure. Am I just noticing it more when Germans

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Speaker 1: are studying bats or are Germans actually studying back? Well?

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Speaker 1: That and I noticed in Austen too, there's quite a

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Speaker 1: few researchers of course they have a huge bat public.

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Speaker 1: Yeah okay, sorry, So anyway back the undensity of Maryland's

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Speaker 1: bat lab, they found the bats they were studying that

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Speaker 1: they were they were using their their echolocation uh to

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Speaker 1: to find a target, obviously, but they were not aiming

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Speaker 1: their guiding waves directly at the target. Instead, they were

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Speaker 1: alternately pointing the sound beam to either side of the target,

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Speaker 1: which the researchers argue is a strategy that optimized with

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Speaker 1: the bat's ability to pinpoint the location of a target,

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Speaker 1: but also makes it hard for them to detect a

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Speaker 1: target in the first place. Okay, so on either side

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Speaker 1: of the target, that's where they tried to put their focus. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: almost kind of like like hurting an animal, like I'm

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Speaker 1: I'm looking here, I'm looking where You're not to know

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Speaker 1: where you are? But isn't there something about chopping wood,

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Speaker 1: like you don't aim for the center or there's some

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Speaker 1: sort of zen. Yeah, but then they also have a

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Speaker 1: zen neural response to Bats can separate the massive amount

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Speaker 1: of echoes returning from their centar pulses by distinguishing changes

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Speaker 1: in amplitude. This is the intensity of the sound between

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Speaker 1: different parts of each echo within one point five decibels

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Speaker 1: to decide whether the object is a target or just

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Speaker 1: background clutter. And the minute change in amplitude is enough

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Speaker 1: to cause a delay in the bat's neural response to

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Speaker 1: an echo, letting that bat know what's clutter and what's

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Speaker 1: the target. Again, imagine that these um, these creatures are

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Speaker 1: moving through space at forty miles per hour. They're doing

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Speaker 1: all of this as they're approaching the target, and as

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Speaker 1: they continue to to hone in on it, they still

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Speaker 1: are getting data and adjusting accordingly. Wow. Yeah, they're incredible creatures.

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Speaker 1: Have you have you seen a horror movie called The Descent?

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Speaker 1: I have not? Okay, well The Descent. First of all,

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Speaker 1: if you like horror, movies and you haven't seen The Descent,

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Speaker 1: you should check it out because, in my opinion, one

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Speaker 1: of one of, if not the best horror films to

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Speaker 1: come out in recent decades. But it deals with cave explorers,

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Speaker 1: amateur splunkers I guess, who are going down into an

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Speaker 1: unexplored cave and there they encounter this uh ghoulish humanoid

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Speaker 1: species that you get the impression that is that has

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Speaker 1: evolved from humans that that took to the caves in

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Speaker 1: some ancient time. So now they're there are these pale,

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Speaker 1: ghastly blind humanoid creatures that to use echolocation to find

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Speaker 1: prey and to determine where they are in this dark,

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Speaker 1: underground environment. So in a sense, it's kind of the

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Speaker 1: film's kind of an attempt to uh to understand the

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Speaker 1: mind of the bat and understand the sense room of

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Speaker 1: the bat, because you have these scenes, these frightening scenes

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Speaker 1: of these creatures that will be very near the their

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Speaker 1: target that they can't see them, so they'll they'll be

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Speaker 1: screeching and hollering in these awful tone in order to

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Speaker 1: see the environment around them. That is horrifying. Yeah, but

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Speaker 1: a location um. One of the cool things about that

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Speaker 1: Zen neural response. Uh. And I was just thinking about

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Speaker 1: that too. Even within that nightmare scenario, you do have

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Speaker 1: that so much chaos, so much clutter going on, And

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Speaker 1: what researchers are saying is that that is that zen

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Speaker 1: navigation ability. It's almost like bats have a main screen

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Speaker 1: that keeps locked on its target and is trying to

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Speaker 1: filter all the neural information, the neural response to the echoes,

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Speaker 1: and then it's almost like it has a secondary screen

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Speaker 1: that keeps note of all the surrounding stuff behind that.

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Speaker 1: It's fascinating because it's it's really doing this the bat brain,

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Speaker 1: and this is doing the same thing the human brain

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Speaker 1: does because and this is something that really becomes obvious

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Speaker 1: in artificial intelligence when we're trying to develop um a

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Speaker 1: computer developer robot that can navigate a human environment and

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Speaker 1: interact with humans and not accidentally decapitate them as something

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Speaker 1: because the human environments, say a cocktail party, but that's

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Speaker 1: an example that's come up in some of these artificial

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Speaker 1: intelligence papers. Imagine a cocktail party, all of the chaos

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Speaker 1: that's going on around you, you know, just if you

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Speaker 1: go to something some sort of social engagement this uh,

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Speaker 1: this week, do think about this like they're the conversation.

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Speaker 1: There's a conversation you're involved in. There's maybe the conversation

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Speaker 1: that you're eavesdropping on. They are the conversations you're not

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Speaker 1: privy to. There there's the the movement of people, the

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Speaker 1: movement of food. There's music, there might be something on

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Speaker 1: a TV in the background. The weather might be doing

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Speaker 1: something out the window. There are pets moving around. It's

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Speaker 1: chaos and our but our brain has to decide what

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Speaker 1: is important, what is worth focusing on, what is the

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Speaker 1: what is the story, what is the path through this chaos?

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Speaker 1: And it has to to make a small slice of

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Speaker 1: order out of it. So that's what goes on in

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Speaker 1: our brain, and that's what's going on with the bat brain,

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Speaker 1: only with some different pieces and flying through the air

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Speaker 1: at forty right, So it really isn't then the navigation

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Speaker 1: so that you don't fixate on the wrong thing. Um,

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Speaker 1: this was astounding too. This was some information that you

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Speaker 1: sent me about the sound of our breathing being something

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Speaker 1: that bats can actually pick up on and and capitalize on.

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Speaker 1: And of course we're talking about vampire bats here, because

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Speaker 1: most bats really don't care what humans are up to,

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Speaker 1: certainly on a on a breath level. But the vampire

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Speaker 1: bat uh he or she is interested because that's a

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Speaker 1: meal that's as good as a cow right there. Blood

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Speaker 1: taste good. And if it can land near that human

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Speaker 1: and then crawl up to it and start to open

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Speaker 1: a little cut in the next day and start laughing away,

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Speaker 1: then all the better. And yeah, they've they've connected studies.

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Speaker 1: They found that they can they can recognize pray by

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Speaker 1: the sound of its breathing, and really can can recognize

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Speaker 1: human human breathing the sound of human breathing better than

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Speaker 1: humans can. Yeah, didn't they didn't uh an experiment where

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Speaker 1: they had some I believe it was cow's blood was

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Speaker 1: the reward, and they had some um film clips of

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Speaker 1: humans breathing and so when they match it up, they

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Speaker 1: got the reward. And then they pair them with the

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Speaker 1: the humans who were supposed to detect the breath patterns,

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Speaker 1: and humans were kind of awful at it in comparison.

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Speaker 1: That's just not something we're programmed for. No, no, But

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Speaker 1: it's a it's a little bit freaky, I guess, because

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Speaker 1: you're thinking about the possibility of a vampire about actually

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Speaker 1: stalking you, and this is what it's using it for right. Um,

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Speaker 1: But of course vampire abouts mainly feed on cattle, so

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Speaker 1: we don't have to be too worried about it. But

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Speaker 1: of course most bats aren't concerned with human blood. They're

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Speaker 1: concerned with insects. And UH found this really interesting. There

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Speaker 1: was a study from the Max Plank Institute and they

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Speaker 1: found that bats can cut in on the sound of

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Speaker 1: insect coupling. So in the same way that say, adjacent

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Speaker 1: vorhees cannot resist killing teenagers while they're having sex. Uh,

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Speaker 1: these bats can don't resist the opportunity of two insects

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Speaker 1: having sex. Because they're they're occupied, and they're making a

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Speaker 1: lot more noise than usual. It's the perfect time to

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Speaker 1: zoom in and eat them. It really is a slash

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Speaker 1: or film right because flies right, and this is the

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Speaker 1: example that was given, is that flies normally at night

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Speaker 1: aren't very active, so they wouldn't put put off too

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Speaker 1: many sound waves. But yes, when they're doing the deed,

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Speaker 1: that is when they are um usually going to be

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Speaker 1: eaten by a bat. So what I think is fascinating

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Speaker 1: about that is it always boils down to in nature

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Speaker 1: that that that if you're going to copulate, it can

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Speaker 1: come at really high stakes, you know. I mean, because

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Speaker 1: you take one second out to do the deed, and

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Speaker 1: all of a sudden you become someone's lunch or dinner.

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Speaker 1: And certainly you have you have animals that take far

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Speaker 1: less time with the act than others. I mean, that's

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Speaker 1: a whole podcast in and of itself. But but yeah,

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Speaker 1: if you're if you're an insect and you're out there

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Speaker 1: and you're taking the time to spend a little time

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Speaker 1: with your insects, sweetie, just look out at what's flying

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Speaker 1: up behind you. Yeah, I mean, you're making these broadband

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Speaker 1: buzzing noises. Um, which is great, we understand, but yeah,

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Speaker 1: that is it's gonna get you noticed. You know, we're

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Speaker 1: gonna take a quick break and when we come back,

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Speaker 1: we're going to talk about babbling baby bats. All right,

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Speaker 1: We're back babbling baby bats like like that's exactly the

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Speaker 1: example that was drawn from this. This was this comes

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Speaker 1: from my study from the University of Laying in Nuremberg

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Speaker 1: in Germany, and they found it, just like human children,

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Speaker 1: bat pups may amuse themselves by essentially babbling nonsense. I

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Speaker 1: listened to an MP three of it, which I'm not

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Speaker 1: gonna play here because it really didn't mean anything to

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Speaker 1: me because it just sounded like bat squeaks. But to

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Speaker 1: to uh an informed ear who listens to a lot

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Speaker 1: of bat squeaks, you and tell that this is out

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Speaker 1: of keeping with with some of the more nuanced that

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Speaker 1: language that is making up their song, which is a

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Speaker 1: lot like babies babbling, because with the idea behind that

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Speaker 1: baby's babbling is that they're trying out language. They're trying

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Speaker 1: to piece syllables together. So same idea with these little

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Speaker 1: bat pups. And the reason they know that it's that

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Speaker 1: it's you know, babbling, is because it's out of social context.

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Speaker 1: So they're making this hissing, barking, gurgling or whatever sounds screeches,

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Speaker 1: and there's no reason for them to be making these strange,

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Speaker 1: sort of interlocking series of sounds other than trying out

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Speaker 1: their language. And this I thought was interesting is that

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Speaker 1: it has been found that bats and humans actually share

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Speaker 1: a common gene for communication. Yeah. The gene is called

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Speaker 1: fox P two and it's thought that this gene functions

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Speaker 1: in the sensory motor coordination of vocalizations, since speech and

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Speaker 1: echo location both involved producing um these complex vocal signals

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Speaker 1: via sophisticated coordination of the mouth in the face. So

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Speaker 1: when you look at a bat's face, you really can

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Speaker 1: sort of see that. And if you've ever seen them

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Speaker 1: pictures of bats screaming, you can see that they are

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Speaker 1: contorting their face. Yea, those kind of it's interesting to

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Speaker 1: know that we share that same gene, that this thought

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Speaker 1: that helps to coordinate this effort. Well, you know, that's

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Speaker 1: in our previous podcast on bats, we discussed you know

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Speaker 1: why in in many mythologies bats there there's something creepy

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Speaker 1: about them, there's something evil about them, or or just

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Speaker 1: something supernatural. And certainly if you look at a picture

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Speaker 1: of a screaming bat, I wonder to what extent the

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Speaker 1: the uncanny familiarity? Yeah, you know, to what extent that

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Speaker 1: plays into it, especially right because we talked about this

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Speaker 1: before in the last podcast. But you know, if you're

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Speaker 1: a fifteenth century seller and you see a vampire that

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Speaker 1: coming at you, and then you've witnessed it feeding from

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Speaker 1: reeral livestock, of course you would be horrified. And yes,

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Speaker 1: you might be able to see the familiar in the unfamiliar.

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Speaker 1: You know, I think the battling bat that would be

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Speaker 1: a great name for spook you pub you know, preferably

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Speaker 1: in a little of nowhere that are are our heroes

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Speaker 1: encounter in the dead of night. They're like, oh, look

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Speaker 1: the battling bats open, let's go in there. I feel

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Speaker 1: like you need to say it with an accent. Now, oh,

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Speaker 1: the bubbling bat. I don't know what accent that is? Irish?

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Speaker 1: That works. Here's another interesting bat song study, and this

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Speaker 1: one comes to us from the University of Texas at Austin.

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Speaker 1: So again with more of that Texas Germany economy here

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Speaker 1: in bat studies, and they found it like like a

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Speaker 1: diner ordering a dessert, they based solely on the US

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Speaker 1: and OZ of another customer, and that's the next table.

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Speaker 1: They they've got the soufle and they're like, oh, that's

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Speaker 1: the best thing. Yeah. So so you're like, oh, that

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Speaker 1: sounds like they're having a ball with that dish. All

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Speaker 1: of what they're having right. Well, you find a similar

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Speaker 1: thing with with frog eating bats that learn to eat,

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Speaker 1: there's this new and exciting prey by eavesdropping on their

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Speaker 1: neighbors as they eat. So so here we see it's

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Speaker 1: you role that they're there. They're hearing plays and their

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Speaker 1: ability to learn how to behave like, whereas as other animals,

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Speaker 1: you have a visible observation of what's going on. Oh this,

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Speaker 1: you know, the the other mormot here just you know,

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Speaker 1: wounded a scorpion and now he's going to teach me

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Speaker 1: how to play. Or my cat brings me a wounded

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Speaker 1: squirrel trying to teach me how to hunt. Maybe, but

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Speaker 1: but here it's it's it's a sonic world, so they're

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Speaker 1: they're listening, they're hearing the sounds of of what is

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Speaker 1: an appropriate meal and how to eat it well. And

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Speaker 1: it's such a high level of adaptivity too, because we

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Speaker 1: have known in the past that frogs, excuse me, bats

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Speaker 1: will pick up on certain frequencies of certain frogs and

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Speaker 1: distinguish which ones are poisonous in which ones are not,

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Speaker 1: and go after the ones that are not poisonous. But

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Speaker 1: this is an entirely different thing to to eavesdrop and

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Speaker 1: then say, Okay, that person didn't keel over from their dessert.

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Speaker 1: I think I'm gonna try it out. And then we've

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Speaker 1: also found in studies that that bats use their ultrasonic

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Speaker 1: echolocation calls to recognize their own species, which is really interesting.

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Speaker 1: Um which in a way it's pretty straightforward. I mean,

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Speaker 1: one species needs to know how to identify its own kind,

349
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Speaker 1: and they live in this world of sound, this world

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Speaker 1: of songs, so they need to be able to hear

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Speaker 1: the songs of their fellow bat. Yeah, which we discussed

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Speaker 1: in the last podcast is really important because they are

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Speaker 1: highly social and they tend to roost with groups of

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Speaker 1: forty so they would want to seek out people in

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Speaker 1: their group. Um, and you know, we're talking about people

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Speaker 1: in the group that they could either be related to

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Speaker 1: or they're just sort of you know, some potico with.

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Speaker 1: Because they actually have relationships with this group to the

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Speaker 1: point where they will go and get them food in

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Speaker 1: case they are sick and they cannot hunt for themselves. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: So that they need to know who's on their team,

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Speaker 1: who's who their their family is really in there, and

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Speaker 1: they do that through song, through sound. And then finally,

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Speaker 1: of course bats do have love songs, which of course

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Speaker 1: like the very white of ba songs. Right, I can

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Speaker 1: imagine a big Verry White type bat. It's kind of monstrous,

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Speaker 1: but but also yeah, like Verry White himself, you know,

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Speaker 1: he's a big man. He what he lacked in uh

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Speaker 1: in pure handsomeness he made up for and just voice

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Speaker 1: like hunting and just just sensual charm. So this is

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Speaker 1: a comes from study from the Department of Biology at

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Speaker 1: Texas and UM the University of Texas at Austin, where

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Speaker 1: the researchers spent three years analyzing thousands of Brazilian free

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Speaker 1: tailed bats and UH and the recordings of them to

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Speaker 1: understand what they were on about. And they determined that

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Speaker 1: the male bats are a very distinguishable syllable and UH

377
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Speaker 1: and choice of phrase that they use as love songs

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Speaker 1: to attract females and in some cases to tell the

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Speaker 1: other male bats to stand clear that blocking yeah yeah uh.

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Speaker 1: Let's see, didn't they have syllables that were combined in

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Speaker 1: these specific ways to create types of phrases UM and

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Speaker 1: I think they phrases were a chirp, a buzz or trill,

383
00:21:02,960 --> 00:21:06,119
Speaker 1: which is very interesting. Again, you don't think of bats

384
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Speaker 1: as having this ability, these syllables that they could um,

385
00:21:10,680 --> 00:21:13,440
Speaker 1: that they can actually use in their language. But I

386
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Speaker 1: think it's fascinating. And again this wasn't at Texas, ANA, right,

387
00:21:16,800 --> 00:21:19,359
Speaker 1: and I believe that there's a ton of study going

388
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Speaker 1: on of the bats at Congress Avenue Bridge and if

389
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Speaker 1: you've never seen any photos before. It's definitely worth googling.

390
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Speaker 1: We'll put up some phaties too. Yeah, possibly a YouTube

391
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Speaker 1: clip of that if I can find one. I'm I'm

392
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Speaker 1: sure I can. Yeah. But they're about a million bats

393
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Speaker 1: living under that bridge. It's fascinating to see them in caves,

394
00:21:37,160 --> 00:21:40,000
Speaker 1: but it's somehow to see them out in a man

395
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Speaker 1: made structure like that is. Uh, it's wonderfully grotesque because

396
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Speaker 1: they're just covering every inch of it. Wonderfully grotesque. I

397
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Speaker 1: think that's a good way to describe the bats in

398
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Speaker 1: some instances. I mean, there, there, there. They certainly can

399
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Speaker 1: be frightening and weird creatures. But as we've discussed here,

400
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Speaker 1: with their use of that location, their use of sound,

401
00:22:01,800 --> 00:22:05,040
Speaker 1: and they're they're really their lives in this world of song.

402
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Speaker 1: Uh that they really there is really a beauty to

403
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Speaker 1: them that that's easy to miss if you don't listen closer,

404
00:22:13,040 --> 00:22:15,560
Speaker 1: you know. Yeah. And I wanted to mention too that

405
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Speaker 1: there's a free online tool called i Bats i D

406
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Speaker 1: and this is actually a major boost helping to conserve bats,

407
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Speaker 1: particularly in Europe where there's been quite a decline. But um,

408
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Speaker 1: it helps to actually in bat populations figure out which

409
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Speaker 1: kind of bats are there, what species are there, and um,

410
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Speaker 1: what sort of numbers they're looking at. So if anybody's

411
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Speaker 1: interested in that, check it out. You know, there was

412
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Speaker 1: you familiar with the books Century by Corona and McCarthy

413
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Speaker 1: as one of his early books takes place in Knoxville.

414
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Speaker 1: Fabulous book. But there's a to a certain extent, it's

415
00:22:52,840 --> 00:22:55,639
Speaker 1: kind of a hasty story because you have a you

416
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Speaker 1: have the main character Suentery, and then there's this other

417
00:22:57,640 --> 00:23:01,600
Speaker 1: kind of bump in the Tom Solilary character, uh, the encounter.

418
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Speaker 1: And he's always he always has these schemes. Um Corrogate

419
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Speaker 1: is his name. And he hears that some of the

420
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Speaker 1: university is studying bats, and then they'll give him. It's

421
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Speaker 1: something like a nickel or I think at the amount

422
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Speaker 1: of minute. It's some piddling amount of money for every

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Speaker 1: dead bat that is brought in. Of course, the idea

424
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Speaker 1: here is the professors want people to find dead bats,

425
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Speaker 1: naturally occurring dead bats, so they can study them and

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Speaker 1: determine what killed them. So but Harrogate decides that this

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00:23:27,320 --> 00:23:29,280
Speaker 1: is the way he's gonna make it big, is that

428
00:23:29,440 --> 00:23:32,960
Speaker 1: he devises a way to poison the bats so that

429
00:23:33,000 --> 00:23:34,640
Speaker 1: he can just get a big bushel load of them

430
00:23:34,680 --> 00:23:37,040
Speaker 1: that he thinks he's gonna fall into the university and

431
00:23:37,080 --> 00:23:40,760
Speaker 1: just take him just an equally large bushel of cash,

432
00:23:41,240 --> 00:23:43,240
Speaker 1: which of course doesn't work because they're an autopsy and

433
00:23:43,280 --> 00:23:47,160
Speaker 1: determined the bat diet because it consumes trychnine. See there,

434
00:23:47,440 --> 00:23:49,399
Speaker 1: there's there's nothing to gain out of that. And in

435
00:23:49,400 --> 00:23:52,320
Speaker 1: case anybody's thinking about that, if you happen to see

436
00:23:52,359 --> 00:23:54,920
Speaker 1: a dead bird or what appears to be a dead

437
00:23:55,160 --> 00:23:57,600
Speaker 1: excuse me, bat, do you not pick it up? It's

438
00:23:57,600 --> 00:24:03,040
Speaker 1: probably rabies, which causes paralley. This. Yeah, but at Horrogate

439
00:24:03,119 --> 00:24:05,920
Speaker 1: he did. He was gaming the science of bats, though,

440
00:24:05,920 --> 00:24:07,879
Speaker 1: because the way in the book, the way he figures

441
00:24:07,880 --> 00:24:10,920
Speaker 1: out how to to bait them, is that he puts

442
00:24:10,920 --> 00:24:13,720
Speaker 1: the poison inside a little piece of meat and then

443
00:24:13,720 --> 00:24:16,200
Speaker 1: he slings shots it up into the air at night

444
00:24:17,800 --> 00:24:20,600
Speaker 1: after all right, okay, so there you go just a little.

445
00:24:21,760 --> 00:24:24,120
Speaker 1: So now I want to sling shot some a piece

446
00:24:24,160 --> 00:24:27,160
Speaker 1: of ham into the air tonight. All right, Well, let's

447
00:24:27,160 --> 00:24:29,359
Speaker 1: call the robot over here and see if he has

448
00:24:29,359 --> 00:24:33,760
Speaker 1: any listener mail for us. All right, this one is

449
00:24:33,800 --> 00:24:36,600
Speaker 1: from Lizzie. Lizzie writes, in and says, Hello, Robert and Julie.

450
00:24:36,680 --> 00:24:39,479
Speaker 1: After listening to your podcast, I decided to share this

451
00:24:39,520 --> 00:24:42,000
Speaker 1: with you. And she's responding to our our sleep podcast

452
00:24:42,200 --> 00:24:44,280
Speaker 1: sleep No More, that we recently did, which deals with

453
00:24:44,359 --> 00:24:48,800
Speaker 1: sleep deprivation and sleep replacement drugs. She says, um, and

454
00:24:48,880 --> 00:24:52,719
Speaker 1: she sends us this website for http cohen slash slash

455
00:24:53,080 --> 00:24:56,520
Speaker 1: sleep y t I got me and she says. It's

456
00:24:56,520 --> 00:24:58,600
Speaker 1: a sleep calculator. It tells you when you should go

457
00:24:58,640 --> 00:25:00,639
Speaker 1: to bed in order to wake up at the end

458
00:25:00,680 --> 00:25:03,680
Speaker 1: of a sleep cycle. A full cycle sleep takes ninety

459
00:25:03,680 --> 00:25:06,040
Speaker 1: minutes the end. You should have five to six sleep

460
00:25:06,080 --> 00:25:08,760
Speaker 1: cycles in a night's rest. I was a little skeptical

461
00:25:08,840 --> 00:25:10,600
Speaker 1: at first when I heard about it and decided over

462
00:25:10,640 --> 00:25:13,119
Speaker 1: a month I would try it and record how I

463
00:25:13,200 --> 00:25:15,359
Speaker 1: felt in the mornings after I woke up, how many

464
00:25:15,400 --> 00:25:18,200
Speaker 1: times I hit snooze, my energy level throughout the day,

465
00:25:18,240 --> 00:25:20,639
Speaker 1: and my temperament in the mornings. I used it and

466
00:25:20,680 --> 00:25:23,119
Speaker 1: discovered that I feel best if I have had seven

467
00:25:23,160 --> 00:25:26,000
Speaker 1: point five hours or nine hours in nine hours and

468
00:25:26,119 --> 00:25:29,680
Speaker 1: sounds great. Um. I did discover if I slept eight

469
00:25:29,760 --> 00:25:32,040
Speaker 1: or eight point five hours, I was more likely to

470
00:25:32,119 --> 00:25:35,560
Speaker 1: hit snooze and record that I was incredibly grumpy. So

471
00:25:35,600 --> 00:25:38,320
Speaker 1: that's interesting. It's like you think there'd be a sweet

472
00:25:38,359 --> 00:25:41,720
Speaker 1: spot all in the middle there, but not religious. She

473
00:25:41,920 --> 00:25:43,680
Speaker 1: goes on, I even had a couple of days where

474
00:25:43,680 --> 00:25:46,640
Speaker 1: I stayed up very late and wound up wound up

475
00:25:46,640 --> 00:25:48,760
Speaker 1: only getting around three to four hours of sleep. When

476
00:25:48,800 --> 00:25:51,000
Speaker 1: I got three hours of sleep, I had more energy

477
00:25:51,040 --> 00:25:54,080
Speaker 1: for longer than when I had four hours of sleep.

478
00:25:54,720 --> 00:25:57,600
Speaker 1: But I noted I did turn to an outside source

479
00:25:57,600 --> 00:26:00,600
Speaker 1: of energy, caffeine on both of those days. Anyway, it

480
00:26:00,640 --> 00:26:02,880
Speaker 1: has changed my sleep habits, so I aim for seven

481
00:26:02,960 --> 00:26:05,520
Speaker 1: point five hours these days and not eight. I never

482
00:26:05,600 --> 00:26:08,280
Speaker 1: used to qualify myself as a morning for a person,

483
00:26:08,320 --> 00:26:10,640
Speaker 1: but I believe that is that that is changing. Now,

484
00:26:10,680 --> 00:26:13,480
Speaker 1: Thanks again for a great podcast. And that was sleep

485
00:26:13,840 --> 00:26:16,320
Speaker 1: y t I dot com Yes, s l e E

486
00:26:16,560 --> 00:26:21,040
Speaker 1: p y t I dot me okay. And then we

487
00:26:21,200 --> 00:26:24,560
Speaker 1: heard from Carlin in response to our City Preachers episode.

488
00:26:24,560 --> 00:26:26,080
Speaker 1: Carlin writs, and it is a great job. In this

489
00:26:26,119 --> 00:26:30,040
Speaker 1: episode two points in regards to a holiday for envy,

490
00:26:30,280 --> 00:26:33,080
Speaker 1: birthdays are a great example. A group of people gather

491
00:26:33,160 --> 00:26:36,600
Speaker 1: around the birthday person being showered with gifts while everyone

492
00:26:36,640 --> 00:26:38,960
Speaker 1: else watches an Indy. And this is related to a

493
00:26:39,000 --> 00:26:43,080
Speaker 1: mister man we read in that episode seven deadly sins

494
00:26:43,080 --> 00:26:46,760
Speaker 1: I'll match up with with traditional US holidays. Uh. And

495
00:26:46,800 --> 00:26:49,639
Speaker 1: then he makes a second point here, Carlin, does you

496
00:26:49,680 --> 00:26:53,560
Speaker 1: mentioned in in neighborhoods in bad repair, people would be

497
00:26:53,560 --> 00:26:56,159
Speaker 1: more likely to walk past someone in need. In the

498
00:26:56,280 --> 00:26:58,959
Speaker 1: cleaner ones, people take notice. This is similar to my

499
00:26:59,119 --> 00:27:02,600
Speaker 1: experience work in Christmas at Walmart. When I would start

500
00:27:02,640 --> 00:27:05,240
Speaker 1: my shift, I worked very hard to clean the toy department.

501
00:27:05,640 --> 00:27:07,880
Speaker 1: Once the aisles were cleaned, the parents would not let

502
00:27:07,880 --> 00:27:09,959
Speaker 1: their child be the first to make a mess. As

503
00:27:10,000 --> 00:27:12,040
Speaker 1: long as I did a little clean up throughout the shift,

504
00:27:12,280 --> 00:27:15,320
Speaker 1: I had a very easy time. So there you go

505
00:27:15,400 --> 00:27:18,879
Speaker 1: in action, which makes me think of those uh. I

506
00:27:18,920 --> 00:27:22,720
Speaker 1: assume they still have these restaurants where you were encouraged

507
00:27:22,760 --> 00:27:25,800
Speaker 1: to throw peanut husts on the floor. Have you dined

508
00:27:25,800 --> 00:27:29,080
Speaker 1: at these uh one time ago? Yeah, he made a

509
00:27:29,119 --> 00:27:32,920
Speaker 1: wonderful face at that gree Um. I always wonder it's

510
00:27:32,960 --> 00:27:35,120
Speaker 1: like that that sounds like a recipe for disaster, because

511
00:27:35,119 --> 00:27:38,280
Speaker 1: you're basically telling me the clientele the places a wreck,

512
00:27:38,960 --> 00:27:41,439
Speaker 1: throw food on the floor, we don't care. It's like

513
00:27:41,520 --> 00:27:43,840
Speaker 1: that's you're just opening the door then, because because the

514
00:27:43,880 --> 00:27:46,040
Speaker 1: whole idea is that if the place is already a wreck,

515
00:27:46,640 --> 00:27:49,560
Speaker 1: we were more inclined to let people abuse that space. Yeah,

516
00:27:49,640 --> 00:27:51,800
Speaker 1: but you don't see I mean, you just saw the

517
00:27:51,800 --> 00:27:55,000
Speaker 1: peanut shells, right, you just saw the casings. You didn't

518
00:27:55,040 --> 00:27:59,480
Speaker 1: see like beer cans and like old shoes, And so

519
00:27:59,560 --> 00:28:02,520
Speaker 1: maybe it's long as your uniform and just peo. I

520
00:28:02,560 --> 00:28:04,880
Speaker 1: think it's the psychological thing where it's like, you know what,

521
00:28:04,960 --> 00:28:06,840
Speaker 1: you are allowed to do this one thing that your

522
00:28:06,840 --> 00:28:09,359
Speaker 1: mother told you never to do, which is to to

523
00:28:09,480 --> 00:28:12,159
Speaker 1: throw this peanut shell down. And so people are they

524
00:28:12,160 --> 00:28:14,360
Speaker 1: feel like they're getting away with something. It's quite exciting.

525
00:28:14,960 --> 00:28:17,440
Speaker 1: All right. Well, here's one last piece of listener mail,

526
00:28:17,440 --> 00:28:20,879
Speaker 1: and this is from Stevie. Stevie writes in UM pretty

527
00:28:20,920 --> 00:28:22,919
Speaker 1: much about the same topic. Here, says, I was just

528
00:28:22,960 --> 00:28:25,840
Speaker 1: listening to your listener mail on the last podcast you did,

529
00:28:26,000 --> 00:28:28,000
Speaker 1: and the person writing in was connecting the seven Deadly

530
00:28:28,040 --> 00:28:31,440
Speaker 1: since to holidays. I can see how those those connections

531
00:28:31,440 --> 00:28:33,480
Speaker 1: can be made. I was also thinking about the question

532
00:28:33,520 --> 00:28:36,520
Speaker 1: the listener post about envy and what holiday that would be?

533
00:28:36,800 --> 00:28:39,680
Speaker 1: What about New Year's You both were talking about envy

534
00:28:39,760 --> 00:28:42,760
Speaker 1: being the sin of wanting to obtain and grasping for

535
00:28:42,800 --> 00:28:45,840
Speaker 1: something you don't have. Isn't that what New Year's resolutions are,

536
00:28:46,120 --> 00:28:48,760
Speaker 1: setting a resolution for yourself to do something or obtain

537
00:28:48,880 --> 00:28:51,320
Speaker 1: something you do not have. Plus it can lead to

538
00:28:51,480 --> 00:28:53,760
Speaker 1: envy because by the end of the first month, most

539
00:28:53,800 --> 00:28:56,520
Speaker 1: people end up breaking their resolutions and giving up on them,

540
00:28:56,520 --> 00:28:58,560
Speaker 1: while envying the results of those who have stuck with

541
00:28:58,600 --> 00:29:01,680
Speaker 1: their resolutions. Uh, just a thought. I love listening to

542
00:29:01,720 --> 00:29:03,960
Speaker 1: your podcast, and I've learned so much in such a

543
00:29:04,040 --> 00:29:07,960
Speaker 1: short period of time. Keep the knowledge and insight coming, guys. Well,

544
00:29:08,760 --> 00:29:11,800
Speaker 1: she makes an interesting case for for New Year's an energy.

545
00:29:11,840 --> 00:29:14,160
Speaker 1: I don't. I don't know, it's it's worth pondering. I'm not.

546
00:29:15,360 --> 00:29:16,880
Speaker 1: I'm not sure. I mean, to a certain extent, I

547
00:29:16,920 --> 00:29:19,480
Speaker 1: can see there's a certain grasping and saying I will

548
00:29:20,480 --> 00:29:23,440
Speaker 1: I will do this, I will be this. But it's

549
00:29:23,480 --> 00:29:27,200
Speaker 1: a so, it's it's not completely cut and dry there so,

550
00:29:27,640 --> 00:29:29,360
Speaker 1: And I think it depends on what your list is,

551
00:29:30,080 --> 00:29:34,080
Speaker 1: you know, if it's like I want one million dollars

552
00:29:34,600 --> 00:29:37,960
Speaker 1: or lollipops, yeah, or how you're framing it, like, for instance,

553
00:29:38,000 --> 00:29:40,440
Speaker 1: if your whole thing is my resolution for the next

554
00:29:40,520 --> 00:29:42,760
Speaker 1: year is I'm going to go to yoga because I

555
00:29:42,800 --> 00:29:46,040
Speaker 1: want to look how Jill looks yoga. But yeah, because

556
00:29:46,040 --> 00:29:49,480
Speaker 1: I want yoga, but like Jill, whoever Chill is, and

557
00:29:49,520 --> 00:29:53,680
Speaker 1: then um clearly has yoga but exactly. But but then

558
00:29:53,680 --> 00:29:55,120
Speaker 1: if you're getting into it, like I want to do

559
00:29:55,200 --> 00:30:01,000
Speaker 1: yoga because I want to cultivate, cultivated, calmer outlook on life,

560
00:30:01,000 --> 00:30:04,160
Speaker 1: where I want to have better flexibility, you know it.

561
00:30:04,480 --> 00:30:06,840
Speaker 1: I guess it comes down to just how you're viewing

562
00:30:06,840 --> 00:30:12,880
Speaker 1: your goals. That's all right, all right, So if you

563
00:30:12,920 --> 00:30:15,520
Speaker 1: would like to chime in, perhaps you have some thoughts

564
00:30:15,560 --> 00:30:19,680
Speaker 1: on the Seven Deadly Sins and holidays, uh, Perhaps you

565
00:30:19,680 --> 00:30:22,680
Speaker 1: have some thoughts on echolocation and bats, this world of

566
00:30:22,720 --> 00:30:25,680
Speaker 1: song that they sing all around them. Perhaps you have

567
00:30:25,800 --> 00:30:28,680
Speaker 1: some thoughts on the Descent movie that I mentioned or

568
00:30:28,760 --> 00:30:31,880
Speaker 1: it's awful sequel. Then you can write into us. You

569
00:30:31,880 --> 00:30:34,240
Speaker 1: can find us on Tumblr and Facebook, where we are

570
00:30:34,240 --> 00:30:36,600
Speaker 1: stuff to blow your mind. And if you find us

571
00:30:36,600 --> 00:30:38,720
Speaker 1: on Twitter, you will find us under the handle blow

572
00:30:38,720 --> 00:30:41,720
Speaker 1: the Mind. And you can also send us an email

573
00:30:41,760 --> 00:30:51,000
Speaker 1: at blow the Mind at Discovery dot com for more

574
00:30:51,040 --> 00:30:53,320
Speaker 1: on this and thousands of other topics. Does it how

575
00:30:53,360 --> 00:30:58,960
Speaker 1: stuff works. Dot com