WEBVTT - How Twins Work How Twins Work 0:00:00.240 --> 0:00:02.880 Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray. 0:00:03.120 --> 0:00:07.480 It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you should know 0:00:08.080 --> 0:00:16.560 from house Stuff Works dot com? Hey, and welcome to 0:00:16.600 --> 0:00:20.360 the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant. 0:00:21.560 --> 0:00:24.280 Someone asked me on Facebook what the w stood forward? 0:00:24.320 --> 0:00:26.319 You see that? And I thought, and you said, will Amina, Yeah, 0:00:26.360 --> 0:00:28.960 it's not true, but I'm not telling I know what. 0:00:29.040 --> 0:00:32.159 It's Dandsbard. I don't know if I know your name. 0:00:32.800 --> 0:00:36.680 I'm not telling. Why don't I know that? I'm doubting 0:00:36.720 --> 0:00:39.760 reality right now? Okay, all right, moving on? What's your 0:00:39.760 --> 0:00:44.120 shut up? Buddy? Um, I don't really have a setup, Chuck. Frankly, 0:00:44.200 --> 0:00:46.080 I'm getting a little sick of my own setups? Do 0:00:46.159 --> 0:00:49.800 you have one? Okay, let's talk about Twins? That is 0:00:49.800 --> 0:00:52.600 not a tuma. How's that? That's pretty good from the 0:00:52.600 --> 0:00:58.800 movie Twins. Yeah, No, that's from Kindergarten Cop. It's so lame. Yeah, 0:00:58.800 --> 0:01:00.920 I can't believe I give that. It's okay, man, you 0:01:01.040 --> 0:01:03.320 got the you got the exit down. Perfect. Twins was 0:01:03.360 --> 0:01:06.800 when he sang the yackac don't talk back, don't talk back, 0:01:06.880 --> 0:01:14.200 don't talk back. You. Okay, So twins, Yes, we're talking 0:01:14.240 --> 0:01:18.480 about twins obviously, um or we're talking about kindergarten cop 0:01:18.720 --> 0:01:21.720 to toss up at this point. Actually, um, let's go 0:01:21.760 --> 0:01:24.920 with twins, chuckers. All right. So you've known some twins, 0:01:24.959 --> 0:01:26.920 I'm sure in your life. Yeah, I've done a few. 0:01:27.240 --> 0:01:28.840 I used to know a lot more back when I 0:01:28.880 --> 0:01:32.160 was in school. Um, I knew twins. I don't know 0:01:32.240 --> 0:01:36.240 any now, I don't think. Yeah, I don't know actively 0:01:36.280 --> 0:01:41.000 know any twins. You never jog with any of them. Okay, 0:01:41.640 --> 0:01:44.640 so you are familiar then, as I'm sure most people are. 0:01:44.680 --> 0:01:47.800 There not entirely uncommon, although there's a lot fewer of 0:01:47.840 --> 0:01:52.080 them than one might imagine, especially identical twins. Right, Fraternal 0:01:52.120 --> 0:01:55.080 twins are actually way more common. Uh, And we'll get 0:01:55.080 --> 0:01:57.880 into how these things are made. And by these things, 0:01:57.920 --> 0:02:01.760 I mean people who are twins to will soon be 0:02:01.880 --> 0:02:05.400 corralled like gingers. Right, Yes, two thirds more common I 0:02:05.440 --> 0:02:09.440 think is is the fraternal twins. Okay, Um, I guess 0:02:09.520 --> 0:02:12.400 to to get to the point of how twins are made, 0:02:12.919 --> 0:02:15.920 we should maybe talk a little bit about how babies 0:02:15.960 --> 0:02:19.480 are made. And what we're talking about are called singletons 0:02:19.480 --> 0:02:24.399 like you me, Jerry, Jerry, you're not a twin, are you? Okay, 0:02:24.480 --> 0:02:26.880 Jerry says no, So we're all singletons, is what people 0:02:26.919 --> 0:02:32.000 like us are called, very unique little snowflakes. Yeah, uh so, Chuck, 0:02:32.080 --> 0:02:35.359 let's talk about how a singleton is made. Okay, I'll 0:02:35.360 --> 0:02:37.160 get the ball rolling. We're not going to talk about 0:02:37.240 --> 0:02:41.960 the nasty, dirty things that go into making babies. We'll 0:02:42.000 --> 0:02:46.160 just go with the science of it all. Uh about 0:02:46.200 --> 0:02:51.200 midway through a women's menstrual cycle, she releases an egg. Yes, 0:02:51.320 --> 0:02:54.520 that's that's what it sounds like. Think so as it 0:02:54.560 --> 0:02:59.040 travels down the fallopian tube, and then, uh, that single 0:02:59.120 --> 0:03:02.480 egg is for eyes by a little swimmer, a little 0:03:02.480 --> 0:03:05.640 spermy guy, right, and a bunch of them are coming 0:03:05.680 --> 0:03:08.560 at it at once. Yeah, imagine that's rather intimidating. And 0:03:08.600 --> 0:03:13.800 apparently I understand that um, brothers brother sperm related sperm 0:03:14.240 --> 0:03:18.680 can recognize one another in the uterus and will tag 0:03:18.720 --> 0:03:21.880 team to like get there faster. They'll draft, or they'll 0:03:21.919 --> 0:03:23.919 they'll connect, and they'll try to like put other people 0:03:23.919 --> 0:03:27.560 out teammates in a NASCAR race exactly. But um, when 0:03:27.560 --> 0:03:30.360 they get to the egg gets every man for himself, right, 0:03:30.560 --> 0:03:35.160 And so the sperm gets to the egg and fertilizes it. Yes, 0:03:35.280 --> 0:03:37.920 and then um, what you have About a day and 0:03:37.920 --> 0:03:40.240 a half later, it's conception, and then it's called a 0:03:40.440 --> 0:03:43.640 z I got right. And then after that it divides 0:03:43.840 --> 0:03:47.280 into the fertilized egg divides into two yeah. Uh, and 0:03:47.320 --> 0:03:49.720 this is we're talking about single tents. Don't don't get 0:03:49.720 --> 0:03:54.400 all crazy yet, the twins. The fertilizing divides into two. 0:03:54.640 --> 0:03:57.720 And then right four days later it is about one 0:03:57.960 --> 0:04:02.120 d cells keeps dividing and it's called a blast asist. Right, well, 0:04:02.160 --> 0:04:06.000 you keep hogging all the great words. And then the 0:04:06.080 --> 0:04:08.760 sixth day after that, the blast assist and plants the 0:04:08.840 --> 0:04:12.560 uterine wall. And that's where it just states into human being. 0:04:12.720 --> 0:04:15.840 And along the way, we all developed vestigial tails. Did 0:04:15.880 --> 0:04:18.560 you know that? Yeah, I've heard that fall off for 0:04:18.680 --> 0:04:21.479 most people. Yeah. And if not, what are you called 0:04:21.960 --> 0:04:26.360 or what is it called? It's called a vestigial tail. Okay, 0:04:27.800 --> 0:04:30.480 I can't know there's a name for like being born 0:04:30.560 --> 0:04:33.039 with stuff like that, And I can't remember. We have 0:04:33.040 --> 0:04:36.719 an article on this site. I think Clambert wrote it. Um, okay, 0:04:36.720 --> 0:04:41.120 so chuck uh. Week nine, you've got a fetus Prior 0:04:41.160 --> 0:04:45.039 to that, it's an embryo, and as the baby develops, um, 0:04:45.080 --> 0:04:49.440 it's surrounded by a fluid filled amniotic sac right, that's 0:04:49.440 --> 0:04:52.359 where it gets all of the food and oxygen and 0:04:52.400 --> 0:04:55.680 all the things little little fetus needs to progress, right, 0:04:55.720 --> 0:04:58.839 and it evacuates its bowels and its little tinkler into 0:04:58.839 --> 0:05:03.720 the umbilical core. Right. Yeah. Uh and so today, nine 0:05:03.720 --> 0:05:10.080 months later, approximately singleton, a little singleton, not necessarily simpleton, 0:05:10.160 --> 0:05:14.279 but definitely singleton, right, right, So that's normal, regular old, 0:05:14.400 --> 0:05:19.120 straight up, I have a new, little single baby. Right. 0:05:19.680 --> 0:05:23.320 So what happens when you have twins? There's two types? Right, Yes, 0:05:23.440 --> 0:05:26.640 we talked about identical infraternal. There's much more egg heading 0:05:26.720 --> 0:05:30.400 names for those than that. Yeah, monozygotic is identical and 0:05:30.520 --> 0:05:34.839 dizygotic is fraternal. So we're we'll go with can we 0:05:34.880 --> 0:05:39.520 call him identical infraternal? Okay? Uh so starting with let's 0:05:39.600 --> 0:05:42.159 we'll start with fraternal, right, Yeah, that's an easy one. Yeah, 0:05:42.160 --> 0:05:45.000 they're pretty simple in fraternal. Twins, by the way, don't 0:05:45.040 --> 0:05:48.240 have any more shared DNA than you know, Chuck and 0:05:48.279 --> 0:05:51.920 his very handsome brother share. Yeah, I wish I shared 0:05:51.960 --> 0:05:55.560 that much with my brother. Um, so what what happens 0:05:55.640 --> 0:05:59.919 is the the mom releases two eggs rather than one 0:06:00.520 --> 0:06:04.320 in the dad uh hits them with the sperm. Yeah, 0:06:04.360 --> 0:06:06.920 like fifty million sperm, right, and then one gets in 0:06:07.680 --> 0:06:12.560 and then another gets in and you have to developing. Yeah, 0:06:12.640 --> 0:06:15.200 it's basically the same thing. It's like having two Singleton's 0:06:15.360 --> 0:06:19.000 at the same time, baking two buns in the same oven. Right. 0:06:19.080 --> 0:06:22.520 And with with the die zygotic twin, I'm sorry, a 0:06:22.520 --> 0:06:27.159 fraternal twin, you've got three possible sets of combinations, two males, 0:06:27.160 --> 0:06:29.320 two females, or a male and a female. And actually 0:06:29.360 --> 0:06:32.760 male and female are the most common. They represent half 0:06:32.760 --> 0:06:36.080 of all, um fraternal twins. Yeah, those are my favorites. 0:06:36.320 --> 0:06:40.200 Mine to love it. Stephen Katie Duty. I don't know 0:06:40.279 --> 0:06:44.040 any personally, although Scott and Stacy Freylick were my brother's age, 0:06:44.560 --> 0:06:47.840 and um, I just always thought that was the coolest thing. Yeah, 0:06:47.880 --> 0:06:51.920 they're all they're very close, they're they're always very sweet. Yeah, 0:06:51.920 --> 0:06:54.080 where you're sweet. Yeah, and plus the whole you know, 0:06:54.200 --> 0:06:56.680 the brother protecting the sister and the sister setting up 0:06:56.680 --> 0:06:58.800 their brother with her friends. Yeah, it's a great It's 0:06:58.800 --> 0:07:02.240 it's the perfect superlation and boy girl fraternal twins are 0:07:02.360 --> 0:07:04.800 super cute. Yes, we need a T shirt that says 0:07:04.839 --> 0:07:09.920 that not like those weirdos that look alike. Um, alright, 0:07:10.000 --> 0:07:14.840 chuck uh. The same thing can happen with multiple births, triplets. 0:07:14.880 --> 0:07:16.920 We have triplets that listen to us as we know, 0:07:17.160 --> 0:07:21.800 tri zygotic, right and so on. Sure, Now with a 0:07:21.960 --> 0:07:27.880 monozygotic birth, UM, you've got one egg that is fertilized 0:07:27.880 --> 0:07:32.960 by the sperm, and it splits into two after it's 0:07:32.960 --> 0:07:38.800 fertilized and starts developing two identical human beings. That's called 0:07:39.040 --> 0:07:42.280 cool science. It really is the fact that this can happen. 0:07:42.320 --> 0:07:45.120 I love it. And the sooner the split happens, say 0:07:45.160 --> 0:07:49.400 within day two, the more independent the children are going 0:07:49.440 --> 0:07:52.440 to be in utero. Right, they're they're going to have 0:07:52.480 --> 0:07:56.000 their own amniotic sacks. They're going to have their own placenta. 0:07:56.880 --> 0:08:01.280 As time wears on the U and the division occurs later, 0:08:02.360 --> 0:08:05.840 they could have the chance of having fused placenta UM, 0:08:06.040 --> 0:08:11.120 fused amniotic sacks. And this is not necessarily a good thing. Actually, no, 0:08:11.440 --> 0:08:15.000 you can UM if you share a placenta. And sometimes 0:08:15.040 --> 0:08:18.600 the twins will not develop equally because one twin is 0:08:18.680 --> 0:08:21.400 hogging all the nourishment then the other and that's called 0:08:21.760 --> 0:08:26.400 fetal growth restriction with just like Danny DeVitto and um 0:08:26.520 --> 0:08:29.600 Arnold Schwartzen, Yes, that was that the scenario. Yeah, I 0:08:29.680 --> 0:08:33.000 remember they said, they said, Uh, Danny DeVito was like 0:08:33.120 --> 0:08:36.400 an accident. They weren't expecting him. He comes to realize 0:08:36.400 --> 0:08:39.600 that he's after birth and it was really sad. It 0:08:39.679 --> 0:08:42.280 was a sad point in the movie. That's what he said. 0:08:42.320 --> 0:08:45.440 He's like, I'm after birth, right, it was sad slash 0:08:45.520 --> 0:08:49.240 funny frank, Yeah, but I imagine that that's what happened. 0:08:49.360 --> 0:08:53.040 Arnold just kind of took all of the a nourishment 0:08:53.280 --> 0:08:56.360 for himself, leaving little Danny DeVito with very little. The 0:08:56.440 --> 0:09:00.320 stingy governatory and Josh. Another thing can happen called twin 0:09:00.360 --> 0:09:05.440 to twin transfusion syndrome, and that is when the twins 0:09:05.480 --> 0:09:09.480 are sharing circulation, so they can actually transfuse blood from 0:09:09.480 --> 0:09:11.680 one to the other. But that can be bad because 0:09:11.720 --> 0:09:15.800 the donor twin can you know, hog some of that 0:09:16.080 --> 0:09:19.000 some of the blood and uh will be unusually small, 0:09:19.320 --> 0:09:23.319 whereas the recipient twin will have too much blood and 0:09:23.400 --> 0:09:27.360 be unusually large for their age, developing baby small baby 0:09:27.880 --> 0:09:31.600 in the same womb at the same time fighting for 0:09:31.880 --> 0:09:34.680 their stuff, right what It's something that UM I thought 0:09:34.760 --> 0:09:36.800 was really interesting. In this article, which is written by 0:09:36.840 --> 0:09:39.840 Catherine Near, she's one of our head editors in A 0:09:39.880 --> 0:09:43.160 Twin and a Twin UM, she refers to herself in 0:09:43.240 --> 0:09:47.160 first person as the author in this throughout UM. She 0:09:47.280 --> 0:09:51.439 mentioned that, UH, twins that have UM undergone twin to 0:09:51.520 --> 0:09:55.040 twin transfusion syndrome or t T t S for those 0:09:55.040 --> 0:09:58.280 in the know, UM can actually the circulation can be 0:09:58.320 --> 0:10:02.960 separated by laser. Do you know how much Dough, the 0:10:03.040 --> 0:10:09.720 surgeon who who performs in utero operations charges, I imagine 0:10:09.880 --> 0:10:11.600 where does that fit into the health care package? That's 0:10:11.640 --> 0:10:13.520 what I want to and the accounts for like sixty 0:10:13.920 --> 0:10:17.840 of it and that's like one surgery. Yeah, but that's 0:10:17.840 --> 0:10:21.640 my calculation. I would imagine that really tricky specialized stuff. 0:10:21.760 --> 0:10:23.480 It really is, but it can be done, and you 0:10:23.559 --> 0:10:25.400 kind of want to do it because one twin can 0:10:25.440 --> 0:10:28.040 come out of nemic the other can just be enormous. 0:10:28.320 --> 0:10:32.760 Again like Arnold Swartzenegger and Danny de Vito, right, and 0:10:33.040 --> 0:10:37.000 identical twins Josh. Obviously, UM can only be two males 0:10:37.040 --> 0:10:41.520 or two females. Because they share identical genetic material. True 0:10:41.559 --> 0:10:48.160 debt check. There's also a syndrome that's pretty that's a 0:10:48.200 --> 0:10:52.200 lot more frequent than we once imagine, called vanishing twin syndrome, 0:10:53.120 --> 0:10:56.880 where you start out with twins or multiples, then all 0:10:56.880 --> 0:11:01.760 of a sudden, you're down one. And they used to 0:11:01.760 --> 0:11:04.200 think that this was a very rare and frequent thing. 0:11:04.240 --> 0:11:08.080 And actually, I imagine an old timey eras they had 0:11:08.080 --> 0:11:11.200 no idea that this was happening. For the ultrasound, sure right, uh. 0:11:11.240 --> 0:11:13.600 And then once yeah, once the ultrasound came around, we 0:11:13.600 --> 0:11:15.800 could start to kind of track what was going on. 0:11:15.920 --> 0:11:20.319 We discovered that the mother was actually absorbing one during 0:11:20.320 --> 0:11:24.120 her pregnancy. Yeah, that's gotta feel a little odd. Well, 0:11:24.120 --> 0:11:28.120 and they set of multi fetal gestations has happened. Yeah, 0:11:28.320 --> 0:11:29.920 that's way more than I would thought. Yeah, and I 0:11:29.960 --> 0:11:32.520 wonder if it's just nature's way of saying, like, no, 0:11:33.360 --> 0:11:37.000 eight is too many. You know, seven that's fine, but 0:11:37.120 --> 0:11:42.200 eight now eight is enough? Uh? And then of course, chuck, 0:11:42.679 --> 0:11:47.280 we get to a different kind of twinning called conjoined twinning. Yeah. 0:11:47.280 --> 0:11:49.640 I got to mention this, and this is awesome, uh, 0:11:49.640 --> 0:11:52.600 in that no one really knows how this happens. But 0:11:52.640 --> 0:11:59.959 the prevalent theory is that the the z I got right. Yeah, okay, 0:12:00.240 --> 0:12:04.440 the zigo splits very late, like twelve days, which apparently 0:12:04.480 --> 0:12:08.520 is late during just station uh, and it never fully 0:12:09.280 --> 0:12:12.360 uh divides, It doesn't have a chance to fully divide, 0:12:12.360 --> 0:12:15.400 And so all of a sudden you have can join twins. Yeah, 0:12:15.400 --> 0:12:19.040 that makes that seems to be pretty logical. It definitely does. Um. 0:12:19.080 --> 0:12:22.840 And there's a whole slew of different kinds of conjoined 0:12:22.880 --> 0:12:26.320 twins and it's all based on where the body is fused, right. Yeah. 0:12:26.360 --> 0:12:30.360 I won't go over all the the different categories within 0:12:30.400 --> 0:12:33.720 the subcategories within the category, but I will give the 0:12:33.720 --> 0:12:39.120 three main terrata didema. That's if you're joined at the 0:12:39.160 --> 0:12:41.559 lower portion of your body. And I have to say 0:12:41.600 --> 0:12:46.320 that includes an issio fagus which lakshmid Tatma, the little 0:12:46.360 --> 0:12:49.400 Indian girl who was born with her twin, her headless twin. 0:12:50.400 --> 0:12:55.240 She basically looked like the goddess Lakshmi. Yeah, and actually 0:12:55.240 --> 0:12:56.960 I checked I checked it out and make sure she's 0:12:56.960 --> 0:13:01.080 still going strong and uh. A January twenty eighth article 0:13:01.120 --> 0:13:03.240 in The Daily Mail had a picture of her post 0:13:03.280 --> 0:13:06.400 surgery going to school, wearing a little plaid skirt and 0:13:06.400 --> 0:13:09.400 a tie and waving hute cute is a button. I 0:13:09.400 --> 0:13:13.480 thought you said Podma Lachama from Top Chef or whatever 0:13:13.480 --> 0:13:15.480 her last name is, and I thought she was a 0:13:15.480 --> 0:13:20.720 conjoined twin. No nice work. Well, she does have that 0:13:20.760 --> 0:13:22.680 scar on her arm, but I knew that was from 0:13:22.720 --> 0:13:27.040 a arm. Just thought it could have been she could 0:13:27.040 --> 0:13:28.840 have been joined at the forearm. You know a lot 0:13:28.920 --> 0:13:33.199 about Padma. I'm a top Chef nut. Uh. So then 0:13:33.200 --> 0:13:36.600 we have the terrata and a didema, and that is 0:13:36.880 --> 0:13:40.839 with one single upper body with a double lower half, 0:13:41.600 --> 0:13:43.800 or if you're connected by a single body part, like 0:13:43.840 --> 0:13:47.120 connected at the head, let's say, or this also includes 0:13:47.200 --> 0:13:49.680 kids with like a from the waist down have two 0:13:49.679 --> 0:13:54.400 sets of legs, but everything else above is just single, right, 0:13:54.440 --> 0:13:57.559 And then the final one is terata and a katata 0:13:57.960 --> 0:14:03.199 didema and a di didema. And that's joined somewhere at 0:14:03.200 --> 0:14:05.840 the mid section, so maybe joined at the chest. You 0:14:05.920 --> 0:14:09.000 might share a heart, you might share some other organs 0:14:10.080 --> 0:14:12.520 or back to back, let's say above the spine, that 0:14:12.600 --> 0:14:16.400 kind of thing, right, and chuck, that includes umflow Pegas 0:14:17.120 --> 0:14:20.120 and you know who is M flow Pegas can joined twins, 0:14:20.120 --> 0:14:23.000 don't you Ronnie and Donnie. Ronnie and Donnie Gallian. That's right, 0:14:23.040 --> 0:14:26.920 the world's oldest living can join twins from Ohio somewhere, right. Yeah. 0:14:27.000 --> 0:14:30.280 Then they turned fifty eight last October. Yeah. Yeah, we 0:14:30.320 --> 0:14:32.120 did a bit on them on the webcast and they 0:14:33.600 --> 0:14:36.560 there as you would expect, kind of cantanker us with 0:14:36.600 --> 0:14:39.000 each other, but also like love and hug on each other. 0:14:39.480 --> 0:14:42.200 I think it's Donnie who is uh, he gets he's 0:14:42.240 --> 0:14:45.480 afraid of the dark, so Ronnie like cuddles him. Yeah, 0:14:45.560 --> 0:14:48.560 it's really sweet. If you haven't ever seen any footage 0:14:48.560 --> 0:14:51.680 of Ronnie and Donnie Galleon right hanging out, you should 0:14:51.800 --> 0:14:53.520 look it up. They also punch each other in the 0:14:53.520 --> 0:14:57.440 face when they're watching TV when well, they have two TVs, right, 0:14:57.600 --> 0:14:59.960 and then they'll be watching them obviously at the same time, 0:15:00.640 --> 0:15:02.280 and one will turn the volume up and the other 0:15:02.320 --> 0:15:04.480 trains his volume up and it keeps going and then 0:15:04.520 --> 0:15:07.240 somebody gets punched in the face. It's kind of funny. Yeah, 0:15:07.320 --> 0:15:10.880 it is uh that moves us on. Josh to another 0:15:10.960 --> 0:15:15.280 form of conjoined twin called parasitic twining, and this is 0:15:15.320 --> 0:15:19.280 when one conjoined twin is a lot smaller and maybe 0:15:19.280 --> 0:15:23.120 not as fully formed. And sometimes this is when you 0:15:23.120 --> 0:15:25.280 can get like a limb and an odd part of 0:15:25.320 --> 0:15:27.720 your body, like an arm growing out of your back 0:15:27.800 --> 0:15:30.760 or something like that. Right, And a subset even rarer 0:15:30.800 --> 0:15:34.600 than this is uh parasitic twinning. And by the way, 0:15:34.640 --> 0:15:37.320 Andy Garcia was born with the parasitic twin. Didn't know 0:15:37.360 --> 0:15:39.520 that until I read this. I didn't either. But a 0:15:39.640 --> 0:15:43.240 very rare form of um parasitic twinning is fetus and feetsu, 0:15:44.040 --> 0:15:48.600 which is where the twin, the unformed or underdeveloped twin, 0:15:49.120 --> 0:15:52.320 is found in the body of the living twin, the 0:15:52.360 --> 0:15:56.000 surviving twin UH, and often in it in the form 0:15:56.040 --> 0:16:03.600 of a taratoma. You'll find teeth, hair, um, spinal bones, segments, bones, 0:16:04.240 --> 0:16:07.960 uh and these are all just called teratomas. What makes 0:16:07.960 --> 0:16:11.360 it a fetus and feet you, is when there's a 0:16:11.440 --> 0:16:16.320 recognizable trunk and limbs. Imagine finding that in your abdomen, 0:16:16.480 --> 0:16:21.280 which is commonly where it grows. It's really it's really sad, 0:16:21.360 --> 0:16:23.120 is what it is. It was about to say creepy, 0:16:23.160 --> 0:16:26.160 but but I mean imagine it's it's just a tragedy. 0:16:26.240 --> 0:16:28.800 Imagine if you and your parents never had any idea 0:16:28.840 --> 0:16:30.200 that you were part of a twin and then all 0:16:30.240 --> 0:16:33.120 of a sudden it's like, oh, here he is. Well 0:16:33.160 --> 0:16:35.800 that's where he got to, you know, and you got 0:16:35.800 --> 0:16:37.960 would be kind of shaking. That happens a little more 0:16:38.000 --> 0:16:40.720 often than my I'm comfortable with it, said one and 0:16:40.760 --> 0:16:42.920 every five hundred thousand. Oh, I thought you were about 0:16:42.960 --> 0:16:45.600 to reveal your own story. No, no, no, no no. 0:16:45.840 --> 0:16:47.600 But I just saw one in every five hundred thousand. 0:16:47.680 --> 0:16:49.480 My first thought was, oh, wow, that's really rare. Then 0:16:49.520 --> 0:16:51.640 I thought, there's a lot of people on the earth, 0:16:51.680 --> 0:16:53.240 and that's not as rare as I would like it 0:16:53.280 --> 0:16:56.000 to be. Yeah, And with conjoint twins, actually they're rarer 0:16:56.040 --> 0:17:00.640 than I thought. Um. Apparently, by Catherine Near's estimate, there's 0:17:00.680 --> 0:17:06.960 only about fifty un conjoined conjoined twins unconnected conjoined twins 0:17:07.680 --> 0:17:11.520 uh in the world today, he said, I think one 0:17:11.600 --> 0:17:14.840 and every forty verse but only one in every two 0:17:14.960 --> 0:17:19.360 hundred thousand live births because of conjoined twins are still 0:17:19.400 --> 0:17:22.760 born or die you know, a day or two after birth, 0:17:22.760 --> 0:17:26.679 which is really sad. Right, So about of conjoined twins 0:17:26.760 --> 0:17:30.280 don't make it past the day. So the ones that do, Yeah, 0:17:30.359 --> 0:17:33.640 and then that that five percent. Probably most of them 0:17:33.640 --> 0:17:37.040 are going to be disconnected at some point yea if possible. Um. 0:17:37.200 --> 0:17:41.639 Of course there have been some famous ones, right Ronnie 0:17:41.680 --> 0:17:44.080 and Donnie. Uh, yeah, who who are the Guinness guys? 0:17:44.520 --> 0:17:50.480 Hang and Chang bunker Archie their brother Hang and Chang. 0:17:50.520 --> 0:17:54.320 We're born in eighteen eleven and Siam which we call 0:17:54.440 --> 0:17:58.720 Thailand now uh. And pretty early on they realized like, hey, 0:17:58.760 --> 0:18:00.879 we can make a lot of money off of ourselves, 0:18:01.520 --> 0:18:04.960 so they started touring the world. Um, and they did 0:18:05.000 --> 0:18:07.680 make a pretty respectable sum for themselves, and they actually 0:18:07.840 --> 0:18:12.480 um retired. They think Wilkesboro, North Carolina, didn't get married 0:18:12.520 --> 0:18:16.800 to They married sisters Sally and Adelaide Yates and the 0:18:16.840 --> 0:18:22.600 couples together uh had to combine twenty one children and 0:18:22.640 --> 0:18:25.639 they were never separated. That's the word I was looking 0:18:25.680 --> 0:18:31.200 for that connected. Now they were where at the chest? 0:18:31.480 --> 0:18:34.240 They were at the chest and and an autopsy performed 0:18:34.240 --> 0:18:38.800 on them afterward, um, after their death, which accounts for 0:18:38.840 --> 0:18:42.600 the word autopsy. UH found that they shared no organs. 0:18:42.640 --> 0:18:46.440 They could have just gone skin graft. They did two 0:18:46.440 --> 0:18:49.760 sexual organs. They had two of everything, except they were 0:18:49.840 --> 0:18:53.000 joined at the chest, so they had two sexual Organs, 0:18:53.200 --> 0:18:56.960 and they fathered twenty one kids with two sisters. But 0:18:57.240 --> 0:19:00.520 they had to be a weird Saturday night. It was room. 0:19:00.640 --> 0:19:03.880 Yeah yeah, well, yeah, everybody's in the room. That's a 0:19:03.920 --> 0:19:06.120 managa whatever. I don't even know what that is, right. 0:19:06.480 --> 0:19:10.000 But they lived to be sixty three actually, and then 0:19:10.040 --> 0:19:12.359 I think they were the oldest living conjoined twins of 0:19:12.400 --> 0:19:16.080 their time. I imagine it's probably in history. And there 0:19:16.160 --> 0:19:20.840 was another set that's fairly um well known, I guess I. 0:19:20.840 --> 0:19:23.040 I didn't hear them until this article. Did you read 0:19:23.080 --> 0:19:25.919 this part? I did not about the bidden In Maids 0:19:26.920 --> 0:19:30.719 Mary and Eliza chulk Hurst. They were born a d 0:19:31.560 --> 0:19:35.000 in England, I take it. And they were pago pagas. 0:19:35.400 --> 0:19:39.239 That's a fun way to say say that pig pegas. Uh. 0:19:39.280 --> 0:19:41.800 They were pago pagas. So they were connected along their 0:19:41.800 --> 0:19:44.960 lower back and the butt hawks so they're not facing 0:19:44.960 --> 0:19:47.399 each other, no, which I think would probably be a 0:19:47.440 --> 0:19:52.640 real pain. Yeah. Well, I mean there's probably no scenario 0:19:52.760 --> 0:19:55.840 that's really easy to live with about it. They lived 0:19:55.880 --> 0:19:59.960 to be thirty four though, that's pretty old, especially back then. 0:20:00.080 --> 0:20:04.360 And I think Chang and hang and uh, the Biddenden 0:20:04.520 --> 0:20:08.080 Maids died within hours of each other, which is fairly frequent. 0:20:08.160 --> 0:20:10.720 Remember when we were researching Ronnie and Donnie. Yeah, the 0:20:10.800 --> 0:20:14.240 doctor was talking about how, you know, sometimes people can 0:20:14.320 --> 0:20:18.040 live up to eighteen hours, but usually it's not very long. 0:20:18.840 --> 0:20:23.200 So can we talk about my other two favorite types 0:20:23.200 --> 0:20:29.199 of twinning? Though favorite too. Sometimes, Josh, a woman can 0:20:29.240 --> 0:20:32.240 release two eggs, like you would when you would have 0:20:32.280 --> 0:20:35.520 fraternal twins, but maybe one might be let's say, two 0:20:35.520 --> 0:20:40.600 weeks later than the other. Your husband or boyfriend or whoever, Uh, 0:20:40.800 --> 0:20:45.080 you're having your baby with you still liberal fertilizes both 0:20:45.080 --> 0:20:49.560 eggs at different times, and you're actually pregnant with quote 0:20:49.600 --> 0:20:53.119 unquote twins, but one would be born two weeks after 0:20:53.160 --> 0:20:56.800 the other, right, depending on the moment of conception. And 0:20:56.840 --> 0:21:00.600 that's called superfication, and that's at never heard of that. 0:21:00.680 --> 0:21:02.640 I'm kind of blown away. Yeah i am too. I'm 0:21:02.760 --> 0:21:06.520 even more blown away, Chuck by a little term called 0:21:06.600 --> 0:21:09.600 super feet condition. Yeah. They'd added a little extra few 0:21:09.880 --> 0:21:14.199 letters in there because because it's like bonus. Yeah. Um, 0:21:14.240 --> 0:21:18.400 if a woman releases more than one egg during ovulation, uh, 0:21:18.440 --> 0:21:22.200 and two different males fertilize the eggs, so you get 0:21:22.200 --> 0:21:25.120 sperm from one male and then spurn from another male 0:21:25.880 --> 0:21:29.399 and both of them are fertilized and take in just 0:21:29.600 --> 0:21:36.040 eight she can have siblings half siblings at the same time, 0:21:36.240 --> 0:21:39.840 virtually the same time. But boom, super fee condition and 0:21:39.880 --> 0:21:43.719 actually the first one you talked about, superfetation. They can 0:21:43.800 --> 0:21:49.119 lead to half identical twins where um, the egg splits 0:21:49.400 --> 0:21:53.840 before fertilization and is infertilized by two separate sperm. So 0:21:53.920 --> 0:21:57.120 these twins actually share sev their d n A. Yeah, 0:21:57.160 --> 0:22:00.920 polar body twins. Yeah, pretty cool term. Yeah, so that's yeah, 0:22:00.960 --> 0:22:03.080 it's the same thing, except it's not two eggs to 0:22:03.160 --> 0:22:06.840 begin with. It's one egg that splits. That makes sense. So, Chuck, 0:22:07.400 --> 0:22:09.600 you want to talk about some you want to just 0:22:09.800 --> 0:22:14.320 put some twin myths down, take them around the barn 0:22:14.400 --> 0:22:19.600 and shoot them. Sure, or we can validate them. Yes, okay. 0:22:19.800 --> 0:22:22.720 There's a study called the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, 0:22:23.240 --> 0:22:26.440 and it's an ongoing four part deal where their study um, 0:22:26.520 --> 0:22:29.680 fraternal and identical twins raised together and separate to see 0:22:29.680 --> 0:22:32.320 like what the big all the hullabaloo is all about. 0:22:33.520 --> 0:22:36.000 And what they found a lot of times is that 0:22:36.119 --> 0:22:40.280 twins separated at birth identical twins, uh or I guess 0:22:40.320 --> 0:22:42.920 fraternal too. They share a lot of the same characteristics 0:22:42.920 --> 0:22:48.720 in life. And Jim and Jim Lewis and Springer were 0:22:48.760 --> 0:22:52.400 separated at four weeks old, right, and they were adopted. 0:22:52.480 --> 0:22:54.640 So note both of their first names are the same. 0:22:54.880 --> 0:22:57.800 They were given the same first name by their adoptive parents, right, 0:22:57.800 --> 0:23:01.160 instead of the same last name. Very odd. Uh. They 0:23:01.440 --> 0:23:04.040 were apart until they were thirty nine years old. They 0:23:04.080 --> 0:23:06.880 both grew to six ft tall weight exactly a hundred 0:23:06.880 --> 0:23:10.280 and eighty pounds when they were little boys. Each one 0:23:10.359 --> 0:23:13.199 had a dog named Toy right. Each one had been 0:23:13.240 --> 0:23:17.080 married two times. The first wives of both were called Linda, 0:23:17.200 --> 0:23:19.720 and the second wives of both were called Betty yea. 0:23:20.600 --> 0:23:24.359 Each one had a son they named James Allen, which 0:23:24.400 --> 0:23:28.720 is interesting. They and and here's another little fact for you. 0:23:29.240 --> 0:23:31.760 My dad's name is James Allen and he had a 0:23:31.760 --> 0:23:36.080 twin that died at birth. This is getting out of hand. Yeah. 0:23:36.080 --> 0:23:37.679 I remember when my dad first told me that. I 0:23:37.720 --> 0:23:39.560 was like, oh. And then a couple of years later 0:23:39.600 --> 0:23:42.320 I was like, Wow, that's so weird to think that 0:23:42.359 --> 0:23:45.199 I would have had an identical twin uncle. Yeah, that 0:23:45.320 --> 0:23:47.320 just never happened. That would have changed the course of 0:23:47.320 --> 0:23:53.359 your life entirely. Uncle look alike? How it called him? Uh? What? What? 0:23:53.560 --> 0:23:55.240 What other things that they have in common? Each one 0:23:55.359 --> 0:23:58.480 had driven a had a light blue Chevrolet, and they 0:23:58.520 --> 0:24:01.560 both vacationed at past a grilled beach in Florida. Right, 0:24:01.600 --> 0:24:05.040 here's my favorite. Uh. They both enjoyed Salem cigarettes and 0:24:05.160 --> 0:24:08.840 Miller Lite beer. Yes, I love that one too. Um. 0:24:08.920 --> 0:24:11.320 They were both nail biters, they both held part time 0:24:11.400 --> 0:24:15.199 job as sheriffs. They both had migraines. And then the 0:24:15.240 --> 0:24:18.520