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Speaker 1: Five dates. They're often bunched together, sitting higher with a

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Speaker 1: different shine than the other seasons. This franchise has played

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Speaker 1: football the NFL Championships. It may be debated which was

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Speaker 1: the most unlikely.

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Speaker 2: Heavy ball made number thirty three wild against.

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Speaker 1: The world, which was the most perfect back.

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Speaker 3: Clutchdown. Red States Park regimes.

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Speaker 4: Are the world.

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Speaker 1: Champion six, but only one can be called the first.

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Speaker 1: This is hay Tails Stories from Washington football history the

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Speaker 1: nineteen thirty seven NFL Championship. It's nineteen thirty seven. Tensions

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Speaker 1: that would lead to World War two are heating up.

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Speaker 1: A new exciting food product called Kraft Macaroni and Cheese

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Speaker 1: has hit the shelves, and pro football is finding its

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Speaker 1: footing in American culture.

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Speaker 3: I'm Chris Willis. They had archivist of NFL.

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Speaker 1: Films, The NFL of nineteen thirty seven, Willis explains, would

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Speaker 1: probably be hard for football fans to recognize today.

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Speaker 5: So at this time in the mid thirties, the NFL

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Speaker 5: was sort of all its way becoming what you would

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Speaker 5: think is a successful business model. They weren't the juggernaut

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Speaker 5: as you see today with being the number one sport

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Speaker 5: in the States. And maybe you know or in sports

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Speaker 5: in the world in the nineteen thirties, they were just

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Speaker 5: coming off the depression. The whole country and sports and

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Speaker 5: the NFL were going through an adjustment.

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Speaker 3: So what the stock.

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Speaker 5: Market craft really did was focused the NFL on they

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Speaker 5: had to be in the big cities to operate.

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Speaker 3: They had to be like Major League Baseball.

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Speaker 5: So they eliminated a lot of the small towns, you know,

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Speaker 5: like Canton and Dayton and Rochester, all of those little ones,

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Speaker 5: and sort of focused on the big cities. In Green Bay,

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Speaker 5: because they were community owned, was the only small team

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Speaker 5: to survive. So you had the two teams in Chicago,

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Speaker 5: New York at this point maybe nineteen thirty five, thirty six,

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Speaker 5: you had Boston, you had Cleveland and Pittsburgh and Philadelphia.

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Speaker 3: So it became.

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Speaker 5: More of like a one team league to really like

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Speaker 5: an eight to twelve team sort of league.

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Speaker 1: That's what's going on off the field. As for on

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Speaker 1: the field, it.

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Speaker 5: Was pretty much single wing players going pretty much both ways.

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Speaker 3: So you didn't have to have full rosters. The rosters

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Speaker 3: were about sixteen players, so most of the players.

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Speaker 5: Hey that once they were on the field, they didn't

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Speaker 5: come out.

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Speaker 3: It was real physical.

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Speaker 5: Still, it was still predominantly a run game at the time,

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Speaker 5: and then the rules were starting to.

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Speaker 3: Separate from the college game.

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Speaker 5: The college game is much more popular in the twenties

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Speaker 5: and into the thirties, and they dictated.

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Speaker 3: How the game was played based on the rules.

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Speaker 5: So that was a good sort of breakaway where they

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Speaker 5: sort of wanted to make it more fan friendly. The

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Speaker 5: passing game was, you know, you could throw from anywhere

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Speaker 5: behind line of scrimmage. You know, the rosters and some

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Speaker 5: of the better players now were coming into the league

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Speaker 5: because they knew they would get paid, especially after the

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Speaker 5: stock market crashed, and so that's where.

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Speaker 3: The NFL was sort of moving.

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Speaker 5: They were moving sort of in a positive direction, a

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Speaker 5: physiness we can sort of achieve similar to what Major

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Speaker 5: League baseball, which was the most popular.

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Speaker 3: Sport at the time.

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Speaker 1: In nineteen thirty seven, there are ten teams in the

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Speaker 1: NFL and one has just moved from Boston to Washington.

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Speaker 6: D C.

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Speaker 5: Boston was just a pro town. They cared about Boston

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Speaker 5: college football. They didn't care about pro football at the time.

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Speaker 5: So Marshall was definitely frustrated. You know, the crowds were three, four, five,

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Speaker 5: six thousand, at this time in the NFL in the

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Speaker 5: mid thirties, they were past that. Chicago was getting twenty thousand,

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Speaker 5: New York was getting twenty twenty five thousand, So Marshall

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Speaker 5: just got fed up. He was building a good team.

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Speaker 5: In nineteen thirty six, they had a team with Cliff

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Speaker 5: Battles that half back, and they actually won the Eastern Division.

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Speaker 5: Was playing the Packers in the championship game, but Marshall

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Speaker 5: got so mad at the city he moved the game

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Speaker 5: actually to New York because they would get a bigger crowd.

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Speaker 5: They would try to get a little bit more money

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Speaker 5: from the champions game so they could split it with

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Speaker 5: the players. They did lose the game, Don Hudson and

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Speaker 5: the Packers won. By this time, Marshall was like, yeah,

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Speaker 5: I'm done.

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Speaker 7: He packed up and they moved to d C.

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Speaker 1: Washington football historian Mike Richmond, his.

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Speaker 7: Wife actually influenced it a part. She wanted him to

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Speaker 7: come to DC and it They packed it up and moved

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Speaker 7: to the nation's capital.

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Speaker 3: That's when the Washington Redskins were born.

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Speaker 1: This Washington team is strong, having made it to the

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Speaker 1: NFL Championship the year prior. The coach is a tough

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Speaker 1: and fiery former player named Ray Flaherty.

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Speaker 8: A grim business is this professional football, and the hard

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Speaker 8: taskmaster is Ray Flaherty, the Redskins coach on fair Lawn Field,

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Speaker 8: where George P. Marshall's hirelings practice four hours each day

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Speaker 8: for sixty minutes of football each week. Flarity tolerates no trifling.

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Speaker 8: So it's woe to the bruiser who doesn't throw a

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Speaker 8: proper block into the defensive end, or the lineman who

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Speaker 8: waits a split second before starting his charge that costs

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Speaker 8: the offender a fine that maybe a dollar, two bucks,

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Speaker 8: or even five dollars.

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Speaker 1: On the roster are stars like Cliff Battles, Big.

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Speaker 8: Blonde Cliff Battles. The most deceptive thing in.

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Speaker 1: Moleskins, Wayne Milner.

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Speaker 8: Then came the prettiest play off the afternoon. Milner raced

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Speaker 8: inside for a Phil.

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Speaker 1: Shock pass and Turk Edwards.

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Speaker 8: A towering figure wearing the number seventeen of Turk Edwards.

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Speaker 1: In the nineteen thirty seven NFL draft, Washington has a

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Speaker 1: chance to add some new weapons. The most potent of

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Speaker 1: those comes with the sixth overall pick. His name is

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Speaker 1: Sam Baw.

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Speaker 2: One passing thread is slinging Sami Baul, who made history

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Speaker 2: at Texas Christian University. This is the grip with vingers

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Speaker 2: spread wide that gives the maximum control in passing. Samy

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Speaker 2: spots the receiver as he draws the ball back behind

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Speaker 2: his ear and metric fly every time he throws a football,

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Speaker 2: completes the pass games a yard scords a touchdown ball.

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Speaker 5: That's the world reckoning.

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Speaker 8: Coach Flaherty confesses that you could have knocked him over

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Speaker 8: with a bird seat when he realized that the Redskins

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Speaker 8: had one ball on the Professional League's draft list, it

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Speaker 8: was my turn to pick, with ball not yet drafted.

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Speaker 8: I thought I was dreaming, the league president said clarity,

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Speaker 8: who is the Redskins choice? Well, by God, I think

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Speaker 8: I bellowed ball so loud that it must have been

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Speaker 8: hurt downtown and we had him.

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Speaker 4: He had a sterling career with at TCUs. He's this

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Speaker 4: skinny kid, probably waged one hundred and seventy when he

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Speaker 4: got to the Redskins.

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Speaker 1: Joe Holly longtime journalist who has written for The Houston

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Speaker 1: Chronicle and The Washington Post. He is the author of

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Speaker 1: Sling and Sam, The Life and Times of the greatest

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Speaker 1: quarterback to ever play the game became.

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Speaker 4: An All American TCU played in the Cotton Bowl, and

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Speaker 4: the Redskins were aware of him and signed him. And

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Speaker 4: yet he at that point he still wasn't sure whether

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Speaker 4: he wanted to play football because he was a good

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Speaker 4: baseball player and back then, as you probably know, football

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Speaker 4: players didn't make that much money and most of them

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Speaker 4: had to work somewhere else during the offseason, and he

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Speaker 4: was thinking maybe the Saint Louis Cardinals, who had offered

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Speaker 4: him a contract, would be a better bet for him,

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Speaker 4: not only because he'd probably pay him better. Baseball was

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Speaker 4: more popular than football in those days, but he would

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Speaker 4: probably have a longer career because you didn't get hurt

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Speaker 4: in baseball the way you do in football.

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Speaker 1: The decision is hard, but he chooses the NFL, and

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Speaker 1: his play is boggling to the mind.

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Speaker 7: At that point, bos still, you know, added a flare

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Speaker 7: that the game had not seen with his ability to pass.

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Speaker 4: It's not an exaggeration to say that Samy Baugh was

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Speaker 4: the Babe Ruth of professional football. In the same way

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Speaker 4: that Babe Ruth changed the way the game was played,

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Speaker 4: Sam was the same way and the ball looked, you know,

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Speaker 4: it was more round so it was hard to get

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Speaker 4: a hold of the ball and throw a football the way

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Speaker 4: Patrick Mahomes does or Tom Brady, and he could get

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Speaker 4: his hands around the ball. As we said, he was

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Speaker 4: also a baseball player, so he's got a good arm,

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Speaker 4: and he wasn't afraid to throw the ball, and that

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Speaker 4: opened up the game and changed it for it.

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Speaker 1: Ba's killer arm battles sensational rushing Turk, Edward's imposing presence,

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Speaker 1: Riley Smith's production all over the field, the Burgundy and

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Speaker 1: Gold get the results it needs throughout the regular season.

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Speaker 8: Smith's sixty yard run decides in thriller Invaders held on

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Speaker 8: goal line Baw important factor. Cliff battles thrills with long

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Speaker 8: runs Baw. Edwards Milner also played brilliantly in the rain.

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Speaker 8: Possibly the pressure was just too great for the Indians, who,

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Speaker 8: although they outplayed the last place club in every offensive department,

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Speaker 8: failed to Washington beats Eagles get revenge. Redskins back boots

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Speaker 8: ball from twenty seven yard line in closing minutes, Brooklyn

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Speaker 8: line falls apart in final half. Baugh and Irwin score

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Speaker 8: first last five minutes of play sees wild scramble for victory.

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Speaker 8: Cliff Battle's hero of second half rally, thirty thousand crowd

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Speaker 8: to see Redskins neat Ackers. Washington finds its football.

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Speaker 1: Team the Burgundy, and goal goes seven to three. They

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Speaker 1: then traveled to New York for the Eastern Conference Final

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Speaker 1: and trample the Giants.

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Speaker 8: Again and again. Washington's Redskins swept down the field this afternoon,

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Speaker 8: driving New York's Giants before them in a wild, dazzling

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Speaker 8: and relentless scoring spree. By the startling and near incredible

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Speaker 8: score of forty nine to fourteen, the Washington team smeared

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Speaker 8: New York's hopes of victory, left their foes dazed and bewildered,

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Speaker 8: and sent the eight thousand Washingtonians among the fifty eight thousand,

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Speaker 8: two hundred and eighty five in the stands joyously stampeding

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Speaker 8: onto the field.

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Speaker 1: At the finish, Washington books its ticket to Chicago to

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Speaker 1: face the Bears for the nineteen thirty seven NFL Championship.

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Speaker 3: For Chicago, it was a big deal.

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Speaker 5: The Bears were well written about. House made sure that

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Speaker 5: was the case. He had a great team. He wanted

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Speaker 5: fans to.

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Speaker 3: Come out for the city and for the teams.

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Speaker 5: This was something that was sort of the top news

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Speaker 5: in the sports section because the NFL was like trying

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Speaker 5: to build the brand, and the championship game was their

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Speaker 5: world series. So by thirty seven this was one of

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Speaker 5: the key dates on the sports map.

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Speaker 7: It was in the worst of conditions. Wrigley Field was

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Speaker 7: covered with ice, snow, and as Sammy Baugh told me

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Speaker 7: in an interview in the early two thousands, there was

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Speaker 7: like little pebbles on the field. Everybody got sliced up

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Speaker 7: in one way or another that game.

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Speaker 1: Arthur Daily of the New York Times wrote that quote,

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Speaker 1: the Gridiron was like a skating rink. The players actually

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Speaker 1: end up wearing sneakers to improve traction on the ice.

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Speaker 4: Behears it tried to get it in shape with Hay

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Speaker 4: And for a team like Chicago that runs over you,

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Speaker 4: it's not nearly the disadvantage it is for a team

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Speaker 4: that relies on passing routes and guys trying to get open.

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Speaker 1: These teams certainly had different qualities to them, and the

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Speaker 1: storylines heading into this championship game were intriguing.

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Speaker 5: Today, you would have a really good time with the

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Speaker 5: ex's and oh shows to say, Hey, what's going to

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Speaker 5: be the most important aspect of this game. First, I

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Speaker 5: think you had Sammy's passing a Billy. You had to

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Speaker 5: be aware of that he was throwing to Wayne Milner.

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Speaker 5: It was an all pro in you know, Charlie Malone

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Speaker 5: was also an All Pro times. But then you also

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Speaker 5: had Cliff Brattles in the running game, so you had

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Speaker 5: to be aware of maybe the best overall runner in

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Speaker 5: the league in nineteen thirty seven.

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Speaker 3: In Cliff Battle.

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Speaker 5: So but then the other thing is the Washington defense

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Speaker 5: against the Bears.

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Speaker 3: So Bears were a juggernaut.

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Speaker 5: They were up there with Washington in the Western Division,

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Speaker 5: and they also had Broncoln and Gersky probably the most

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Speaker 5: physical player in the league. They had a reputation who

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Speaker 5: was also at that time in nineteen thirty that was

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Speaker 5: the World wrestling heavyweight champion, So he's going back and

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Speaker 5: forth between wrestling and playing football.

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Speaker 3: You had to stop new Gersky.

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Speaker 4: They were the Monsters of the Midway and their coach,

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Speaker 4: George Pallas, his approach to the game was, for example,

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Speaker 4: when he's when he's going to play someone like Sammy Ball,

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Speaker 4: mock him out of the game. Heard it, get rid

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Speaker 4: of it.

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Speaker 1: The Monsters of the Midway versus the brand new team

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Speaker 1: from Washington d C.

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Speaker 4: The very first play of the game, when Washington has

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Speaker 4: the ball and they were backed up, I think they

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Speaker 4: were on their one yard line and he lines up

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Speaker 4: in pontformation first down and back. Then that's not unusual,

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Speaker 4: you know, you play for a position. So Sammy lines

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Speaker 4: up to ponds, but he doesn't.

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Speaker 3: He throws a.

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Speaker 4: Pass that ends up a forty three yard completion. And

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Speaker 4: then the play was sort of symbolic.

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Speaker 3: It was it was.

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Speaker 4: A message to the Bears, but they were going to

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Speaker 4: play their game. They weren't intimidated, and Sammy was.

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Speaker 3: Someone who recorded.

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Speaker 8: Ball. Faked a pass and ran left tackle for three yards.

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Speaker 8: Battles board center for two and a first down on

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Speaker 8: the Bears ten. Battles ran right tackle for three yards.

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Speaker 8: Baw aimed to pass it Battles and Nanders knocked it down.

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Speaker 8: Baw handed the ball to Battles on a reverse, and

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Speaker 8: Battles dashed around the weak side of the line for

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Speaker 8: a touchdown, diving over the goal untouched. Riley Smith sent

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Speaker 8: a placement through the posts for the extra point score.

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Speaker 8: Redskins seven, Bears nothing. Seven minutes of the first quarter remained.

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Speaker 1: Washington throws the first punch, but Chicago would come roaring back.

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Speaker 8: Masterson passed Demanski, who made a shoe string catch in

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Speaker 8: Boss territory, slipped on the Redskins forty, regained and ran

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Speaker 8: to the Redskins nineteen before Ball brought him down. Nagirsky

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Speaker 8: swept around left end for nine yards before Battles bumped

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Speaker 8: him down. Nanders shot through a huge hole at right

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Speaker 8: guard for ten yards and a.

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Speaker 1: Touchdown seven to seven. The game is heating up Temper's

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Speaker 1: player and players are hungry to win at all costs.

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Speaker 4: There was up where the fearsome Brocco Gercy comes. He's

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Speaker 4: running through the middle of the line and the only

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Speaker 4: one between him and go line is a safety man,

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Speaker 4: Skinny Sammy Ball. No one has touched Bronco as he

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Speaker 4: gets up ahead of Steam and Sammy has to somehow

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Speaker 4: try to tackle him, and somehow he kind of finally

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Speaker 4: brings him down. Its torture. And after the game, Sammy

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Speaker 4: and Bronco were talking and Sammy says, hey, Brock, did you.

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Speaker 9: Realize nobody nobody touched you before you got to me?

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Speaker 9: And Bronco said, yeah, that was the plan for me

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Speaker 9: to run over you and knock you out of the game.

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Speaker 9: So that's what the quarterback, the most valuable player on

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Speaker 9: the team, had to deal with everything.

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Speaker 1: The icy conditions don't help the brutality of the game.

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Speaker 1: The Burgundy and Gold struggle to respond after the Bears

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Speaker 1: tie it.

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Speaker 8: Instead, Wilson intercepted balls past the battles.

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Speaker 1: Chicago goes ahead. What's more, Bow gets his knee banged

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Speaker 1: up and has to leave the game.

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Speaker 8: At the end of the half. The game belonged to

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Speaker 8: the Bears by a score of fourteen to seven, with

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Speaker 8: the Redskins seemingly en route as Nigirsky and Manders and

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Speaker 8: Nolting and Masterson poured through the Washington line and bullied

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Speaker 8: their way into the lead.

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Speaker 1: Halftime a break from the cold, a chance to regroup,

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Speaker 1: a rousing speech from coach Ray Flaherty, thirty more minutes

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Speaker 1: of football to play. The third quarter starts on a

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Speaker 1: high note for Washington as Ba returns and the quarterback

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Speaker 1: plays like a man possessed.

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Speaker 7: Faull was sensational that game, as passing was seventeen to

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Speaker 7: thirty four three o fifty two yards, three touchdowns, and

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Speaker 7: two of his touchdown receptions were by Wayne Milner. The

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Speaker 7: great Redskins receiver, and Milner was known as quote the

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Speaker 7: money player when he was in college and note to day,

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Speaker 7: he cut two touchdown passes in a nineteen thirty five

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Speaker 7: win over Ohio State, which was one of the so

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Speaker 7: called games of the century. So he came through in

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Speaker 7: the thirty seven championship game as well. He cut two

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Speaker 7: touchdowns from ball that day, two long wins, a fifty

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Speaker 7: five yarder and a seventy seven yarder, and both of

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Speaker 7: them he outraced the defenders after catching the pass from Ball.

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Speaker 7: One of those receptions was on the screen pass that

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Speaker 7: was invented by the Redskins, and it was on bail

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Speaker 7: that day.

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Speaker 1: In the third quarter, Milner scores Ben Manski for Chicago.

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Speaker 1: Then Milner. It's twenty one to twenty one, the clocks

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Speaker 1: ticking down on the period, Washington has.

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Speaker 8: The ball from a spread formation. Erwin charged center for

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Speaker 8: nine yards. Erwin slammed through center for six and a

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Speaker 8: first down on the Redskins thirty six.

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Speaker 1: The offense is marching down the field.

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Speaker 8: Ball passed them alone for eleven yards. Milner took a

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Speaker 8: pass from Ball for seven yards.

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Speaker 1: Chunk by chunk. Chicago can't contain the unit, and then.

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Speaker 8: Ball faked a short past them alone, then wound up

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Speaker 8: again and fired a longwinded Justice, who took the ball

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Speaker 8: on the Bear's eleven yard line and galloped to a touchdown.

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Speaker 1: Sambaw to ed Justice for thirty five yards. Washington goes

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Speaker 1: up twenty eight to twenty one. All this action in

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Speaker 1: the third quarter. Francis Stan of The Evening Star calls

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Speaker 1: it quote probably the best fifteen minutes of play in history.

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Speaker 1: The Bear's panic in the fourth quarter. Instead of relying

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Speaker 1: on the run game that had made them so successful

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Speaker 1: all season, they try to pivot to passing more and fail.

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Speaker 1: Their final passing attempt is picked off by Washington's Riley

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Speaker 1: Smith that seals.

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Speaker 4: It the Redskins win. There were three thousand Washington fans

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Speaker 4: who had gotten on a train in Union Station and

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Speaker 4: travel west to Chicago. You know, they were excitic. They

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Speaker 4: too had survived the cold, probably with a bit of

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Speaker 4: liquid refreshment to keep them going.

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Speaker 1: The celebrations were a little different back then. For example,

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Speaker 1: there wasn't a victory parade with the team, and the

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Speaker 1: immediate days.

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Speaker 8: Following Washington will have no chance to acclaim until next ball.

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Speaker 8: The Redskins team that today won the National Professional League Championship.

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Speaker 8: The entire squad of Redskins will disband here tomorrow to

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Speaker 8: meet again on the Pacific Coast within two weeks, where

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Speaker 8: they will play several exhibition.

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Speaker 1: Games, and as was tradition, then the NFL Championship winner

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Speaker 1: qualified to play a pick team of college all stars

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Speaker 1: the following summer, a pros versus amateurs showdown. Washington would

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Speaker 1: lose that one thirteen to seven. But as for the

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Speaker 1: NFL Championship in Chicago, the discomforts of that freezing win

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Speaker 1: continued to staying after the final whistle. There were plenty

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Speaker 1: of injuries to nurse. Plus the harsh game day environment

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Speaker 1: actually affected Washington's earnings.

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Speaker 5: When the championship game is over, the players actually get

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Speaker 5: part of the the gate, so that was because the

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Speaker 5: gate was a little bit low. The Washington players, yes,

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Speaker 5: got two hundred and twenty five dollars for their winning effort,

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Speaker 5: which actually was I think like thirty forty dollars.

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Speaker 3: Less than what the package got in nineteen thirty six.

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Speaker 5: You would think there would be more, but because they

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Speaker 5: had more fans in New York for that game, they

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Speaker 5: only got two twenty five, and then.

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Speaker 3: I think the Bears were, you know, was like one twenty.

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Speaker 5: Seven or something like one hundred and twenty five bucks

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Speaker 5: or something for losing. So it wasn't as big a

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Speaker 5: money maker because of the fans and the attendance. But

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Speaker 5: I guess two hundred and twenty five extra dollars is

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Speaker 5: two hundred and twenty five extra dollars.

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Speaker 1: Despite the ice skating ring field and Chicago's determination to

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Speaker 1: literally run their opponent into the ground, Washington's passing game

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Speaker 1: took center stage in the win. Slingin Sammy bas showed

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Speaker 1: just how powerful throwing the pigskin could be, and the

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Speaker 1: game never looked back.

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Speaker 5: I think Sammy's performance and that's what makes Sammy a

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Speaker 5: a charter member of the Pro Fotball Hall of Fame.

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Speaker 5: This is before he threw for over three hundred yards

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Speaker 5: three touchdown, and it proved to the league, especially George

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Speaker 5: Hollis on that sidelines that day. This is where the

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Speaker 5: game's moved LEMI Ball, where we gets paid number thirty

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Speaker 5: three wild again we learn.

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Speaker 8: Later Sammy's advice to the boys who would become good

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Speaker 8: passers is simple, just keep throwing the ball, he says,

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Speaker 8: that's what I did.

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Speaker 1: For the Burgundian Golds and the Nation's Capital. Nineteen thirty

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Speaker 1: seven is the year so many of the memories, the loyalty,

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Speaker 1: the passion, the singular pursuit of success can be traced

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Speaker 1: back to It was.

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Speaker 7: The first championship for a pro sports team in DC

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Speaker 7: since the nineteen twenty four Washington Senators won the World Series.

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Speaker 7: The fact that this was their first year in the

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Speaker 7: Nation's Capital, it's one of the reasons that people say

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Speaker 7: the interest in the team was passed down from generation

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Speaker 7: to generation because they had that dominance through that era.

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Speaker 8: Chicago, December twelve, Managing Editor, Washington Post, Washington, d C.

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Speaker 8: Dear sir, we would be deeply grateful if, through the

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Speaker 8: columns of the Washington Post, you would express our gratitude

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Speaker 8: for the season long support given to our team by

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Speaker 8: the Washington public. We are especially pleased that we have

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Speaker 8: won the national Professional Championship for Washington, and please believe

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Speaker 8: us that the moral support rendered us by the people

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Speaker 8: of Washington was a huge factor in our successful season.

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Speaker 8: Most sincerely, yours, signed, Ray, George Marsh Slinging, Sammy.

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Speaker 6: Bar Bernie Pinker, Justin, Jim Barber, Charliecliff, battle Less Olson,

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Speaker 6: Max Crowd, George Smith, Jim Carter, Smith, Wayne Melon, Henry Crowd,

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Speaker 6: Eddie Cony, Hailed, Jade Donovan, Barney Chritzy.

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Speaker 1: This episode of Haile Tales was narrated, produce, and research

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Speaker 1: by me Hannah Liechtenstein, senior copywriter for the Washington Commanders.

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Speaker 1: It was produced and edited by Jason Johnson, additional editing

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Speaker 1: by Nick Leanos. Executive producers are Ryan Yoakum and Kevin Klein.

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Speaker 1: Additional voiceover help comes from Bram Weinstein. Graphics designed by

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Speaker 1: Zach Osborne and Matt Cashman. Thank you to our guests

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Speaker 1: for their contributions, and thank you for listening