WEBVTT - Velociraptor Awareness Day

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Stuff from the Science Lab from how stuff

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<v Speaker 1>works dot com. Wow, hey guys, and welcome to the podcast.

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<v Speaker 1>This is Alison I don't know what, the science editor

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<v Speaker 1>how stuff works dot com. And this is Robert Lamb,

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<v Speaker 1>science writer at how stuff works dot com. Alison, do

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<v Speaker 1>you know what April eighth is? I have a sneaking

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<v Speaker 1>suspicion it is Velociraptor Awareness Day, or at least that's

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<v Speaker 1>what the Internet tells us. It's kind of picking up

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<v Speaker 1>as like an Internet sensation, kind of a deal, kind

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<v Speaker 1>one of those mean things. It's all over Facebook that

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<v Speaker 1>a few pages up about it, and lots and lots

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<v Speaker 1>of followers. People are getting excited about it, defriending it.

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<v Speaker 1>They're saying they like it, and other people were liking that,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, all the stuff that goes on. People are

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<v Speaker 1>pretty into the raptors now. I don't think they have

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<v Speaker 1>any other dinosaur appreciation days. Do you know not that

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<v Speaker 1>I know this is special because of loco Raptor is

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<v Speaker 1>a special dinosaur. This is a this is a hip dinosaur,

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<v Speaker 1>or this is not a Diplodocus or anything. Stegasaurus and

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<v Speaker 1>a lot of people think velociraptors are pretty special. So

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<v Speaker 1>we've decided to vote this podcast to said dinosaur. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>we're just gonna talk about some of the awesome things

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<v Speaker 1>about the velociraptor that you should be aware of for

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<v Speaker 1>your awareness day. Um, most people are familiar with velociraptors

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<v Speaker 1>pretty much from Jurassic Park. I think that's really what

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<v Speaker 1>set it off, Michael Crichton's novel and the subsequent three

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<v Speaker 1>for at least three films more on the way, But basically,

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<v Speaker 1>this is the smaller dinosaur in the Jurassic Park, not

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<v Speaker 1>the tiny one, but the the smaller villainous dinosaur they're about.

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<v Speaker 1>They would tend to be like five ft long, uh

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<v Speaker 1>stand depending on how they're stooping, like three ft tall

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<v Speaker 1>or up to like five you know, um, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>sort of a longish neck, uh, long tail, long tail,

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<v Speaker 1>kind of an evil birdish head. Um. Not super tiny

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<v Speaker 1>front arms, but you know, some smaller front arms, and

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<v Speaker 1>then their feet terminating these three point five inch retractable

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<v Speaker 1>clause like huge talents. Uh. And that's where really all

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<v Speaker 1>the fun is because they're like carrying into things with

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<v Speaker 1>those right to the whole movie and also in the movie,

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<v Speaker 1>they they're they're super smart right there, they're they're opening

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<v Speaker 1>doors and uh and sam Neils talking about how they're

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<v Speaker 1>smartest chimpanzees. And then there's that awesome scene where like

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<v Speaker 1>the really um um like cool Hunter is gonna gonna

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<v Speaker 1>shoot one, right, he's not because what he thinks he's

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<v Speaker 1>gonna walk into right into into arrange and then something

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<v Speaker 1>wrestles in the bushes by him and when what does

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<v Speaker 1>he say? Girl? Right? And then he gets eaten because

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<v Speaker 1>he's so cool that the moment before he's eating alive

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<v Speaker 1>by a dinosaur, he's like, oh, she's pretty smart, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>Like who does that? Who has that moment of clarity

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<v Speaker 1>before they're eating alive? Nobody? But but anyway, it's at

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<v Speaker 1>that moment especially has has really taken off among velociraptor fans.

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<v Speaker 1>You can get a shirt that says clever girl, that's

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<v Speaker 1>a velociraptor head on it. Yeah, so are they that clever?

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<v Speaker 1>I'm not sure that they are. And that's our first

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<v Speaker 1>cool awareness fact for the Raptor Awareness Day. How smart

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<v Speaker 1>are they? Well? Paleontologists and some other folks like to

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<v Speaker 1>use a measurement called the encephalization quotient, and and incephilization

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<v Speaker 1>quotation is a way to tell an animals intelligence from

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<v Speaker 1>the size of its brain roughly, And why would we

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<v Speaker 1>use this technique, Well, because, I mean, we can't really

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<v Speaker 1>test the intelligence of dinosaurs, now, can we. We can't

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<v Speaker 1>put them in a cage and give them color blocks

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<v Speaker 1>or anything. Yeah, so the EQ tends to compensate for

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<v Speaker 1>the fact that large animals tend to have proportionately smaller

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<v Speaker 1>brands and small animals regardless of intelligence, And the velociraptor

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<v Speaker 1>had an EQ of less than zero point too. So

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<v Speaker 1>what does this mean to you? Probably not much. I mean,

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<v Speaker 1>I'm not sure that you're talking about eques on a

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<v Speaker 1>regular basis at the dinner table. So to give you

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<v Speaker 1>some some guidelines for that humans, roughly, I have an

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<v Speaker 1>EQ of about seven. Your dolphins pretty smart teachers. They

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<v Speaker 1>have an EQ of about four or five, and chimps

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<v Speaker 1>maybe about two. And once again, velociraptor point to, yes,

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<v Speaker 1>point to, But in their favor, I will say that

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<v Speaker 1>the velociraptor may have been roughly comparable to the intelligence

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<v Speaker 1>of an ostrich and I have immense respect for the ostrich. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>we read a bunch of about them recently. Um for

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<v Speaker 1>the Life TV show that's gonna be airing or is

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<v Speaker 1>airing Undiscovery, So clever girl, maybe not so much. Al right. Well,

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<v Speaker 1>and our second awareness fact is the idea of a

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<v Speaker 1>feathered raptor. Now in the Jurassic Park, they do not

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<v Speaker 1>have feathers. They're very leathery looking. You know, you're kind

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<v Speaker 1>of that greenish brown. Yeah, you're more typical typical dinosaur

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<v Speaker 1>color scheme. Well Um paleontologist at the American Museum of

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<v Speaker 1>Natural History and the Field Museum of Natural History, UM

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<v Speaker 1>documented the presence of feathers in velociraptors in two thousand seven. Uh.

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<v Speaker 1>In my backup for a second need a stress that

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<v Speaker 1>the first velociraptor was found in in Mongolia, all right,

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<v Speaker 1>Uh And in two thousands of two thousand seven, studies

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<v Speaker 1>looking at one that they had unearthed in Mongolian and

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<v Speaker 1>they found clear indications of quill knobs. And these are

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<v Speaker 1>places where the quills of secondary feathers, the flight or

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<v Speaker 1>or wing feathers of modern birds were anchored to the

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<v Speaker 1>bones with ligaments. All right. Cool knobs are also found

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<v Speaker 1>in many living bird species and are most evident in

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<v Speaker 1>birds that are strong flyers. UM, so nobody's saying that

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<v Speaker 1>the velociraptor could fly. Basically, the idea here is that

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<v Speaker 1>they definitely had some feathers, and they were probably they'd

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<v Speaker 1>probably just evolved from a a wing flying form a

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<v Speaker 1>dinosaur and then eventually became more dependent on hunting on

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<v Speaker 1>the land. But they likely kept the feathers around for

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<v Speaker 1>other reasons. Yeah, like you know, maybe they at truck

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<v Speaker 1>some ladies, right, always going to have some colorful plumage

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<v Speaker 1>for that. UM also temperature control UM. The road runner,

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<v Speaker 1>the actual road runner, not the cartoon road runner, actually

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<v Speaker 1>uses its feathers to regulate temperature by using them to

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<v Speaker 1>determine how much uh heat it absorbs from the sun.

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<v Speaker 1>UM also could have used them while running. The Ostrich Actually,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, the ostrich has these little bitty uh seemingly

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<v Speaker 1>pointless wings uh and these enormous legs. What actually uses

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<v Speaker 1>those little um those little wings to steer and sort

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<v Speaker 1>of balance itself while usch running at high speeds? And

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<v Speaker 1>they think that might have been a possibility with the

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<v Speaker 1>velociraptor as well. I wonder if we should call us

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<v Speaker 1>the Ostrich Awareness Podcast instead. I think Ostrich Awareness Days

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<v Speaker 1>it's it's in the future. Yeah, it's it's a little

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<v Speaker 1>a little early for that, but one day, one day.

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<v Speaker 1>So let me give you awareness fact number three. Velociraptors

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<v Speaker 1>perhaps were warm blooded. And why might we think they

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<v Speaker 1>were warm blooded? Well, because they were high energy hunters

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<v Speaker 1>and they also have the presence of feathers that Robert

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<v Speaker 1>just talked us through. But another key thing is that

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<v Speaker 1>they may have these high powered oxygen pumps. Right, because

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<v Speaker 1>if you're going to go on, as you know, super

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<v Speaker 1>intense hunting expedition, what are you gonna need If you're

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<v Speaker 1>gonna chase down your prey, You're gonna need oxygen, right,

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<v Speaker 1>You're gonna need to have an excellent respiratory system. So

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<v Speaker 1>there are a bunch of researchers out of Ohio University

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<v Speaker 1>who published a study in Nature, and there are theorizing

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<v Speaker 1>that these high powered oxygen pumps and raptors could have

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<v Speaker 1>boosted dinosaur metabolism, enabling me eators like you know, your

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<v Speaker 1>t rax, your raptor and others to be you know,

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<v Speaker 1>these very effective and active hunters. And all of this

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<v Speaker 1>comes down to air sacks and the bones, and they

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<v Speaker 1>were able to they observe these air sex systems and

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<v Speaker 1>like two hundred different modern birds and then saw some

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<v Speaker 1>of the same patterns with loss of raptors. That's pretty cool. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>So for awareness fact number four, we're gonna come back

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<v Speaker 1>to those three point five inch retractable clause. Previously, panatologists

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<v Speaker 1>thought that this you mean, because you look at a

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<v Speaker 1>giant claw and you think like gashing. It just looks

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<v Speaker 1>like something you would just gash into something with and

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<v Speaker 1>like like just rip in three foot abdominal gash, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>blood gushing out right. Well, some researchers at the University

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<v Speaker 1>of Manchester in the UK, led by Phil Manning, actually

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<v Speaker 1>built a robotic claw based on the fossil of a velociraptor. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>like a robotic velociraptor arm with the claws. Another group

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<v Speaker 1>um did this very similar thing with a saber tooth tiger.

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<v Speaker 1>I think they did like a whole there's like a

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<v Speaker 1>whole special about this, a TV special where they built

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<v Speaker 1>like this robot thing on the end of a crane

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<v Speaker 1>with saber tooth teeth and they would take it up

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<v Speaker 1>to a dead cow and like just ram it in

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<v Speaker 1>and tell me, yeah they did. You went for sharks, Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>where they simulate the sharks bite to try and figure

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<v Speaker 1>out how it works, and there's a scary amount of

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<v Speaker 1>research going into how to build like robot killer animals.

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<v Speaker 1>But the whole purpose of this course is to actually

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<v Speaker 1>test out this claw on an actual I think in

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<v Speaker 1>this case it was a pig, dead pig, all right,

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<v Speaker 1>So they would use hydraulics to drive it into the

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<v Speaker 1>side of the pig, trying you know, trying different velocities,

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<v Speaker 1>mimicking kick um, and they found that the claw would

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<v Speaker 1>only really result in the puncture. So this led to

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<v Speaker 1>this theory that the velociraptor actually use these things to

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<v Speaker 1>grip onto the prey. They would jump onto its back

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<v Speaker 1>like you know some sort of weird dinosaur cowboy I guess,

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<v Speaker 1>or or like cheat is actually do when running down

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<v Speaker 1>an Austria. So they would just they would just jump on,

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<v Speaker 1>dig those those retractable claws into its side to hold

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<v Speaker 1>on and then just start biting and just and flick

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<v Speaker 1>a large number of wounds and at this point um

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<v Speaker 1>either they bring the animal down or another theory is

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<v Speaker 1>that they just wounded enough and then they jump off

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<v Speaker 1>and then they just follow the animal until it bleeds

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<v Speaker 1>to death and or it bleeds out so much that

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<v Speaker 1>they can just pick it off. It's like the Komodo dragon.

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<v Speaker 1>The follow its follows its prey for weeks and beta.

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<v Speaker 1>We podcasted about that a few weeks back. Yeah, we

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<v Speaker 1>love Komotos and velociraptors. Yeah, velocity veloco raptors pretty awesome.

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<v Speaker 1>I mean, I love the komotos, but these guys really

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<v Speaker 1>have them late. So Phil man the same guy who

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<v Speaker 1>was working on that robotic claw, evidently had a lot

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<v Speaker 1>of time on his hand and he evidently is a

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<v Speaker 1>lover of velociraptors too, because he took the trouble to

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<v Speaker 1>find out if this hand claw that he made um

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<v Speaker 1>could support the dinosaur's weight when it was climbing. And

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<v Speaker 1>this is wareness fat number five. Yeah, awareness fact number five,

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<v Speaker 1>Thank you. Robert and Manning suggested that the velociraptor used

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<v Speaker 1>its climbing ability to kind of lurk in the trees

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<v Speaker 1>and perch in the trees and then you know, along

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<v Speaker 1>come some unsuspecting prey and whammo, just leaped right out

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<v Speaker 1>of the trees. I'm thinking we're going to see that

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<v Speaker 1>in Jurassic Park four. They're just gonna be seene where

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<v Speaker 1>a guys out there hunting the tree hunting, not hunting

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<v Speaker 1>the trees, hunting the velociraptors. And he's looking around, where

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<v Speaker 1>are they right? And then he looks up and then

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<v Speaker 1>what is it? Nothing but velociraptors just crowded in the

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<v Speaker 1>trees like pigeons, girl, and then they come down on him. Yes,

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<v Speaker 1>and Manning got the idea for velociraptors hanging out up

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<v Speaker 1>in the trees, um thanks to the microraptor, which is

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<v Speaker 1>a tiny dinosaur in the same Emily but which lived

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<v Speaker 1>fifty million years before. And um, it also had four

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<v Speaker 1>feathered limbs to help it glide down from trees. But

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<v Speaker 1>not everyone is really sold on this climbing ability, right, Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>Basically the counter argument um made by some paleontologists is

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<v Speaker 1>that is that there weren't going to be as many

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<v Speaker 1>trees around that the velociraptor would be able to climb,

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<v Speaker 1>and that while it then it may have had some

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<v Speaker 1>ancestors that climb trees and jump down on things, that

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<v Speaker 1>um that it was really just using these more to

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<v Speaker 1>anchor itself on its prey and bite like we were

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<v Speaker 1>talking about in fact number four. So the trees couldn't

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<v Speaker 1>support its weight, So I mean maybe like a sequoia,

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<v Speaker 1>maybe if it climbs, I'm guessing like maybe the other

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<v Speaker 1>thicker trees. Either way, it's a fantastic mental image. So

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<v Speaker 1>April eighteenth, UM, if you go to the Facebook page

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<v Speaker 1>for you know, just do a Facebook search for the

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<v Speaker 1>Philosciraptor Awareness Day, you'll find that they have a number

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<v Speaker 1>of different recommendations for ways to celebrate UM. Some of

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<v Speaker 1>the ones we particularly like. There's one where you to

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<v Speaker 1>read up on the latest info and be prepared to

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<v Speaker 1>hold and PROMPTU seminars on the streets. And I would

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<v Speaker 1>just modify that to UM your break room, if necessary,

0:12:08.520 --> 0:12:11.960
<v Speaker 1>your elevator, or maybe while you're driving, you know, to work,

0:12:12.000 --> 0:12:14.480
<v Speaker 1>you troll out your window and talk to the guy

0:12:14.520 --> 0:12:16.600
<v Speaker 1>next to you stopped at the stop, fling the facts

0:12:16.600 --> 0:12:18.760
<v Speaker 1>that we mentioned here, do a little independent research on

0:12:18.800 --> 0:12:21.280
<v Speaker 1>the net. UM you didn't start, you know, whipping out

0:12:21.280 --> 0:12:24.400
<v Speaker 1>your dinosaur facts on on the train. People will love you.

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<v Speaker 1>There also was another favorite that that Robert and I liked,

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<v Speaker 1>and this one was dress up. Dress up as a

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<v Speaker 1>looser raptor, you know, hold some mock attacks throughout the

0:12:33.120 --> 0:12:36.080
<v Speaker 1>day to to really, especially in the workplace. Yeah, feel

0:12:36.080 --> 0:12:38.160
<v Speaker 1>free to test out that climbing ability thing and tell

0:12:38.240 --> 0:12:39.600
<v Speaker 1>us how that works out for you. And maybe that

0:12:39.640 --> 0:12:42.440
<v Speaker 1>can add to a film film Manning's body of research.

0:12:43.240 --> 0:12:46.880
<v Speaker 1>Perch up in the trees, because really we're unprepared for it,

0:12:46.920 --> 0:12:49.560
<v Speaker 1>like he'd like. Here at work, we do regular like

0:12:49.640 --> 0:12:51.319
<v Speaker 1>fire drills and all. But whence the last time we

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<v Speaker 1>had a losser raptor drill? Never never had it. One

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<v Speaker 1>could just come in here and just have the pick

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<v Speaker 1>of us. It sure could, sure could, which is why

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<v Speaker 1>Alasser Raptor Awareness Day is such a good idea. It's

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<v Speaker 1>an excellent idea. So, uh, if you're gonna if you're

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<v Speaker 1>planning to celebrate in some way, shape or form on

0:13:08.840 --> 0:13:11.880
<v Speaker 1>April eighteenth, um, tell us about it. Did you have it?

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<v Speaker 1>Are you're gonna have a lost Raptor party? Great? Take

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<v Speaker 1>some photos, shoot them our way. We'd love to see him. Yeah,

0:13:16.400 --> 0:13:18.599
<v Speaker 1>if you're gonna dress up as alost Raptor, please be

0:13:18.679 --> 0:13:21.160
<v Speaker 1>send us the photos definitely, and of course you know

0:13:21.160 --> 0:13:23.080
<v Speaker 1>how to do that. Send us any emol at science

0:13:23.080 --> 0:13:31.880
<v Speaker 1>Stuff It How stuff works dot com for more on

0:13:31.920 --> 0:13:34.400
<v Speaker 1>this and thousands of other topics because at how stuff

0:13:34.400 --> 0:13:38.000
<v Speaker 1>works dot com. Want more how stuff works, check out

0:13:38.000 --> 0:13:40.240
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