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Speaker 1: This Day in History Class is a production of I

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Speaker 1: Heart Radio, Hello and Welcome to This Day in History Class,

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Speaker 1: a show that uncovers a little bit more about history

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Speaker 1: every day. I'm Gay Bluesier, and today we're reflecting on

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Speaker 1: the largest mass kidnapping in US history, including the desperate

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Speaker 1: acts that brought all the victims home again. The day

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Speaker 1: was July seventy six. Three men kidnapped a school bus

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Speaker 1: driver and twenty six children in Chowchilla, California. The abduction

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Speaker 1: occurred on a quiet road in Madera County as students

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Speaker 1: were being driven home from summer school. The bus was

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Speaker 1: discovered later that evening, completely empty and hidden by brush

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Speaker 1: in a drainage ditch nine miles west of town. As

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Speaker 1: for the ab ducked s fifty five year old bus

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Speaker 1: driver Ed Ray and the children, who were between the

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Speaker 1: ages of five and fourteen, they were transported one hundred

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Speaker 1: miles north to a rock quarry in Livermore, just outside

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Speaker 1: of San Francisco. They're a large moving truck had been

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Speaker 1: prepared for them. Buried twelve feet underground, the victims were

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Speaker 1: forced inside the eight foot by sixteen foot trailer, which

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Speaker 1: was then covered with hundreds of pounds of dirt and

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Speaker 1: plywood buried alive, Ed and the children were left to

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Speaker 1: wait as their captors went to call in their ransom demands.

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Speaker 1: Luckily for the victims, though things didn't go according to plan.

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Speaker 1: July marked the second to last day of dairy Land

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Speaker 1: Elementary Summer school program, which was really more like a

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Speaker 1: summer day camp. Kids had spent the day playing, making crafts,

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Speaker 1: and swimming at the community pool. Some of them were

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Speaker 1: still in their bathing suits drip wet as they boarded

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Speaker 1: the bus that late afternoon. Their driver, Frank Edward Ray

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Speaker 1: better known as Ed, had been a part time school

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Speaker 1: bus driver for more than two decades. He began his

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Speaker 1: familiar route that day as usual, but as he drove

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Speaker 1: down Avenue twenty one, he noticed a white van parked

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Speaker 1: in the middle of the road with its hood open.

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Speaker 1: There wasn't enough room for Ed to drive around it,

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Speaker 1: and before he could even try, a man wearing pantyhose

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Speaker 1: as a mask appeared at the bus doors. He brandished

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Speaker 1: a pistol and ordered Ed to let him in. The

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Speaker 1: bus driver complied, and the man and the panty hose

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Speaker 1: climbed aboard the bus and was quickly joined by two

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Speaker 1: other men in masks. Ed was taken to the back

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Speaker 1: and one of the kidnappers took his place at the wheel.

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Speaker 1: After driving for about fifteen minutes, the bus made a

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Speaker 1: sharp turn into a dry river bed. The kidnappers then

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Speaker 1: concealed it there beneath bamboo and tree brush, and then

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Speaker 1: herded Ed and the frightened children into two separate box vans.

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Speaker 1: The van's back windows had been painted over so that

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Speaker 1: no one could see in or out, and the kidnappers

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Speaker 1: also installed wood paneling to act as makeshift jail cells.

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Speaker 1: Once inside, the victims were driven around for nearly twelve

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Speaker 1: hours without access to food, water, air conditioning, or toilets.

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Speaker 1: One of the kids, a nine year old girl named

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Speaker 1: Jennifer brown Hide, later recalled the ordeal, saying quote, I

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Speaker 1: felt like I was an animal going to the slaughterhouse.

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Speaker 1: When the vans finally stopped, their destination turned out to

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Speaker 1: be not a slaughter house but a rock quarry. The victims,

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Speaker 1: nineteen girls, seven boys, and bus driver Ed Ray, were

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Speaker 1: taken out of the vans one at a time and

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Speaker 1: led to an enormous hole in the ground. At the

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Speaker 1: bottom was a large tractor trailer from an old moving truck.

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Speaker 1: The hatch on top was open, and each victim was

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Speaker 1: forced to enter it by descending a ladder. Once ed

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Speaker 1: and the kids were all inside, the kidnappers pulled up

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Speaker 1: the ladder and placed a steal plate over the opening.

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Speaker 1: They weighed down the plate with heavy tractor batteries and

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Speaker 1: then covered it all up with plywood and dirt. With

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Speaker 1: their work complete, the three kidnappers drove away. It was

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Speaker 1: about three thirty in the morning when they left, and

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Speaker 1: they wanted to call in their ransom demand before calling

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Speaker 1: it a night. In the meantime, their entombed victims tried

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Speaker 1: to make sense of their increasingly grim situation. They were

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Speaker 1: told nothing about the kidnappers plans, but the underground prison

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Speaker 1: seemed to suggest they weren't meant to die there. For

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Speaker 1: one thing, the kidnappers had fashioned toilets for them and

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Speaker 1: the wheel wells of the trailer. There was also a

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Speaker 1: small supply of provisions, bread, water, peanut butter, and a

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Speaker 1: few boxes of cereal. Most importantly, there were two ventilation

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Speaker 1: hypes that provided fresh air from the surface, and several

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Speaker 1: electric fans to keep it circulating. With no way out,

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Speaker 1: and no clue how long they'd be in there. Ed

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Speaker 1: did his best to keep the children calm as they

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Speaker 1: settled in to do the only thing they could wait. Meanwhile,

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Speaker 1: back at their hideout, the kidnappers were ready to place

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Speaker 1: their big call to the chow Chilla Police Department. The

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Speaker 1: plan was to demand a five million dollar ransom in

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Speaker 1: exchange for the safe return of Ed and the missing kids.

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Speaker 1: But here's the thing. The kidnappers were never able to

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Speaker 1: deliver their demand. While they've been busy burying dozens of

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Speaker 1: people alive, the small town of chow Chilla had worked

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Speaker 1: itself into a proper panic. Worried parents flooded the police

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Speaker 1: department with phone calls, eventually jamming up the entire local

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Speaker 1: phone system. So when the kidnappers finally tried to call

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Speaker 1: in their demands multiple times, they were never able to

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Speaker 1: get through. Exhausted and annoy wid, the kidnappers decided to

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Speaker 1: take a nice long nap and then try again when

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Speaker 1: they woke up. After all, it's not like their victims

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Speaker 1: were going anywhere, or at least that's what they thought.

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Speaker 1: Back in the Livermore Quarry, conditions underground had gradually worsened

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Speaker 1: as the hours ticked by. Several electric fans had been

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Speaker 1: installed to keep the air circulating, but by the afternoon

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Speaker 1: of July six, nearly all of them it stopped working.

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Speaker 1: The occupants were out of food as well, and the

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Speaker 1: makeshift toilets they've been given we're on the verge of overflowing.

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Speaker 1: The entire trailers stank of urine and vomit, and in

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Speaker 1: the midday heat of a California summer, the temperature inside

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Speaker 1: rose to at least a hundred degrees. The chances of

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Speaker 1: anyone making it out alive were slim, and looking slimmer

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Speaker 1: by the minute. It was around that time that one

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Speaker 1: of the oldest captive children, fourteen year old Michael Marshall,

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Speaker 1: began to plan their escape. Bus driver Ed had counseled

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Speaker 1: against trying to find a way out, for fear that

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Speaker 1: their kidnappers would be waiting on the surface, ready to

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Speaker 1: gun down anyone who tried to run away. However, that

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Speaker 1: valid concern held less sway as their captivity stretched on,

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Speaker 1: prompting Marshall to take matters into his own hands. Together

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Speaker 1: with a friend, he was able to pry up the

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Speaker 1: mattresses that lined the floor of the trailer and then

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Speaker 1: stacked them near the upper hatch. Marshall climbed to the

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Speaker 1: top of the pile, armed with a wooden slat taken

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Speaker 1: from one of the box springs. He shoved it into

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Speaker 1: the crack between the trailer and the steel plate that

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Speaker 1: covered the opening, and started trying to pry up the plate.

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Speaker 1: He soon created enough space that he could grip it

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Speaker 1: with his hands. With the help of his friend and Ed,

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Speaker 1: Marshall pushed the plate up and down until he was

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Speaker 1: able to dislodge the tractor batteries, plywood, and dirt that

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Speaker 1: held it in place. It took hours of effort, but

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Speaker 1: eventually they made their way to the surface, emerging from

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Speaker 1: the trailer at about seven thirty pm on July six.

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Speaker 1: It had been twenty seven hours since their initial abduction

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Speaker 1: in sixteen hours since they had been buried underground. Thankfully,

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Speaker 1: none of the kidnappers had bothered to guard the quarry

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Speaker 1: as Ed had feared. The rest of the kids were

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Speaker 1: able to scramble up the mattress pile, and together they

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Speaker 1: made their way to the quarry office, where a stunned

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Speaker 1: employee helped them contact the police. They were all taken

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Speaker 1: to the Santa Rita Rehabilitation Center, a nearby jail, where

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Speaker 1: they were fed and examined by a medical team. When

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Speaker 1: they were given the all clear, the twenty six children

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Speaker 1: and their bus driver were escorted back to chow Chilla,

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Speaker 1: arriving just before dawn on July se By that time,

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Speaker 1: news of their escape had broken, sending the kidnappers deeper

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Speaker 1: into hiding. A national man hunt ensued, and within two

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Speaker 1: weeks all three of them were apprehended. The supposed mastermind

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Speaker 1: of the crime was twenty four year old Frederick Hall Woods,

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Speaker 1: the son of the owner of the Rock Quarry in Livermore.

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Speaker 1: His accomplices were twenty four year old James Schonfeld and

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Speaker 1: his younger brother, Richard. It was revealed that all three

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Speaker 1: men came from wealthy families in San Francisco, but it

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Speaker 1: failed to achieve financial success on their own. At one point,

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Speaker 1: the men had talked about making their fortunes in Hollywood

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Speaker 1: and even started working on a screenplay about a gang

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Speaker 1: that pulls the perfect crime. Apparently, they had so much

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Speaker 1: faith in the idea that they decided to scrap the

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Speaker 1: movie and just commit the crime themselves. In November of nine,

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Speaker 1: they took the first step by burying a moving truck

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Speaker 1: in Wood's father's quarry. They then spent the next half

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Speaker 1: a year planning how to intercept a school bus, transport

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Speaker 1: and house their victims, and arranged the ransom. It turned

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Speaker 1: out they could have used a bit more planning for

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Speaker 1: that last part. If you're wondering why the men show

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Speaker 1: is a school bus for their target, James Schoenfeld later

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Speaker 1: explained that it was simply because they figured kids would

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Speaker 1: put up less of a fight. Each of the three

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Speaker 1: kidnappers was ultimately given twenty seven sentences of seven years

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Speaker 1: to life in prison with no chance of parole. However,

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Speaker 1: in nineteen eighty an appeals court determined that since the

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Speaker 1: men had not caused any serious bodily harm to their victims,

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Speaker 1: they should be entitled to the possibility of parole. Thirty

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Speaker 1: six years after the kidnapping, Richard Schoenfeld was granted parole

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Speaker 1: in twelve. Three years later, his older brother James was

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Speaker 1: paroled as well. Frederick new Hall Woods remained in prison,

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Speaker 1: perhaps because the whole kidnapping scheme had been his idea.

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Speaker 1: In Woods was denied parole for the seventeenth time, but

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Speaker 1: in late March of two, Fred Woods, now in his

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Speaker 1: early seventies, was recommended for release by two parole commissioners.

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Speaker 1: As of the time of recording, no date has been

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Speaker 1: set for Wood's release, and the case could still be

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Speaker 1: subject to review, but there's a strong chance that he'll

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Speaker 1: be set free before the end of the year, and

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Speaker 1: Woods himself seems to like his chances. He's already dipped

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Speaker 1: into his considerable family trust to buy himself a mansion

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Speaker 1: just half an hour from where he's serving his sentence. Meanwhile,

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Speaker 1: the young children Woods and the shown Felds tormented are

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Speaker 1: now in their late forties and early fifties. Many of

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Speaker 1: them suffer from intense anxiety, as well as claustrophobia and

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Speaker 1: chronic nightmares. Jennifer Brown, Hid, the nine year old who

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Speaker 1: felt she was being led to slaughter, spoke out recently

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Speaker 1: about this lasting trauma and how it's now affected her

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Speaker 1: own kids. She said, quote, it's not normal for someone

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Speaker 1: who's almost fifty years old to be afraid of the dark.

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Speaker 1: And if you have a very overprotective parent, which would

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Speaker 1: be myself, your children also don't get to lead a

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Speaker 1: normal life, get on a bus, go on a field trip,

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Speaker 1: stay the night with a friend, and that's been very difficult.

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Speaker 1: It's been a life of hard work, trying to be normal. Today,

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Speaker 1: there's a granite monument dedicated to the victims of the kidnapping.

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Speaker 1: It stands near the chow Chilla Police Department, the place

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Speaker 1: where Jennifer and the others were reunited with their families.

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Speaker 1: Not far away, the city's largest park now bears the

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Speaker 1: name of Edward Ray, the man who protected the kids

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Speaker 1: in his charge and later provided investigators with vital clues

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Speaker 1: about the kidnappers. These are fitting tributes to the innocence

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Speaker 1: lost on that day in nineteen seventy six, but many

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Speaker 1: believe that a better sign of respect would be to

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Speaker 1: carry out the full sentence for at least one of

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Speaker 1: the men responsible for their trauma. Fred Woods, has expressed

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Speaker 1: remorse for his actions and claims to be a different

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Speaker 1: better man than he was all those years ago. That

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Speaker 1: might be enough in the eyes of the law to

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Speaker 1: secure Wood's release, but it's not in the eyes of

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Speaker 1: one of his victims, Linda Carrejo Lavendara. When she heard

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Speaker 1: the news of fred Wood's parole, she posed a very

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Speaker 1: difficult question. If your child was kidnapped and buried alive?

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Speaker 1: How long is long enough? I'm Gay Bluesier and hopefully

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Speaker 1: you now know a little more about history today than

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Speaker 1: you did yesterday. You can learn even more about history

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Speaker 1: by following us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at t

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Speaker 1: d i HC Show, and if you have any comments

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Speaker 1: or suggestions, feel free to send them my way at

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Speaker 1: this day at I heart media dot com. Thanks to

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Speaker 1: Chandler Mays for producing the show, and thanks to you

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Speaker 1: for listening. I'll see you back here again soon for

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Speaker 1: another day in history. Class s