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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind from how Stuff

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Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind.

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Speaker 1: My name is Robert Lamb and I'm Joe McCormick. Hey

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Speaker 1: real quick at the top of the show here. If

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Speaker 1: you want to explore more of Stuff to Blow your Mind,

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Speaker 1: head on over to stuff to Blow your Mind dot com.

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Speaker 1: That is our mothership. That is the main website where

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Speaker 1: you will find all of our episodes. You find videos,

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Speaker 1: blog post links out to our social media accounts. And

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Speaker 1: if you want to support the show, a great way

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Speaker 1: to do it is to simply rate and review us

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Speaker 1: wherever you get the show. Yeah, so, Robert, I've got

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Speaker 1: a question for you. All right, hit me, Joe. I'm

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Speaker 1: gonna take you to a dark place. This might be

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Speaker 1: a little traumatic, Okay, okay. Do you remember nineteen nineties

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Speaker 1: the Batman movies of the nineteen nineties, Think back to

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Speaker 1: Batman Forever. Oh that was That was a Dark Time,

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Speaker 1: directed by Joel Schumacher, starring Val Kilmer as Batman and

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Speaker 1: Tommy Lee Jones in it as the as two face,

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Speaker 1: a very manic to face if I recall, Yeah, he

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Speaker 1: was he was kind of all over the place. That

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Speaker 1: one was snarling a lot, kind of whipping his body

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Speaker 1: around in a frenzy, and that, of course was the

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Speaker 1: acid scarred and that telling of the Uh I believe

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Speaker 1: he was. Yeah, they So the story of two Face

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Speaker 1: in that version is that he's a Harvey Dent is

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Speaker 1: the lawyer who becomes two Face believe he's a district's

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Speaker 1: attorney and he gets scarred on one part of his

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Speaker 1: face and it drives him insane, and uh, yeah, I

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Speaker 1: don't think they go deep into the backstory and Batman forever,

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Speaker 1: but anyway, it's Tommy Lee Jones and he's he's going

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Speaker 1: wild and he's really trying to get Batman in this one.

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Speaker 1: So there's a scene where Batman goes into a bank

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Speaker 1: vault where there is a I believe a vault guard

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Speaker 1: of some kind tied up, and when Batman goes in

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Speaker 1: to rescue this guard, the door slams shut and acid

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Speaker 1: starts pouring out of all of the I believe out

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Speaker 1: of the safe deposit boxes. Okay, so a lot of

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Speaker 1: people may we were keeping their precious acid in this vault. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And the the vault guard realizes what's happening as as

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Speaker 1: Two Face taunts them that they're going to die in

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Speaker 1: this bank vault, and the guard says, oh no, it's

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Speaker 1: boiling acid. There's like a seven second YouTube clip of

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Speaker 1: this that I watch at least once a week. It's

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Speaker 1: one of my favorites. I I watched this for the

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Speaker 1: first time, I think because I don't know that I've

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Speaker 1: actually seen this. Uh, this Batman film. I was super

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Speaker 1: into the first two. Yeah, when I was a kid. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: the Burton Batman's were great, and I wanted to get

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Speaker 1: into the Schumacher ones, and you know, it didn't work.

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Speaker 1: And I think part of the reason it's not worth

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Speaker 1: it is that boiling acid. Uh. It tightly sums up

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Speaker 1: everything about those funds well exactly. And one of the

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Speaker 1: things that I find so funny about it is, well,

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Speaker 1: if two faces trying to kill them, why couldn't it

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Speaker 1: be Oh no, it's boiling water. I mean, if it's

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Speaker 1: boiling what what difference does it make? Or if it's acid,

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Speaker 1: or hey, if it's just water, if you're flooding, if

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Speaker 1: you're flating a sealed right, I mean, it can be

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Speaker 1: that it's room temperature water. We're gonna drown. Yeah, And

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Speaker 1: so this obviously brings in a favorite old trope of

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Speaker 1: the superhero genre. But really it's all throughout the movies,

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Speaker 1: and this is movie acid. Notice that the guard in

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Speaker 1: the vault doesn't say what the chemical compound is. It's

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Speaker 1: not like he recognizes. Oh no, it's hydrofluoric acid. No,

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Speaker 1: it's just acid. And this kind of acid plays a

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Speaker 1: role in all of our favorite you know, our favorite cartoons,

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Speaker 1: science fiction and superhero stuff. It's it's movie acid. It's

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Speaker 1: Hollywood acid. So you're probably familiar with this. You remember

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Speaker 1: lots of other scenes from Batman. I bet right, it's

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Speaker 1: always in Batman, like the villain captures Batman, is the penguin,

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Speaker 1: or somebody's got Batman tied up on a rope dangling

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Speaker 1: over a vat of acid. Yeah, I mean, it's such

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Speaker 1: a like a vat of acid is one of those things.

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Speaker 1: It's it's a it's a perfect u like human technological achievement,

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Speaker 1: and then we can then utilize for menacing purposes. You know.

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Speaker 1: It's like it's like having a whole bunch of molten

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Speaker 1: steel on hand or a hydraulic press. Right. It represents

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Speaker 1: all of the evils of human industry and sort of

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Speaker 1: the cold killer nature of technology. But at the same time,

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Speaker 1: it's it's a great just sort of like a vertical peril.

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Speaker 1: It's a like a thing to have below you. It's

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Speaker 1: like a pit of piranhas or a pit of crocodiles

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Speaker 1: or something, and a pit of molecules that want to, uh,

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Speaker 1: want to play nice with all of your skin. So

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Speaker 1: what are the properties of Hollywood acid or movie acid

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Speaker 1: we might call it. I want to list a few

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Speaker 1: and maybe you'll have some of your own. Okay, go

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Speaker 1: for it. One of them is that it causes severe

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Speaker 1: and immediate burns to the skin and soft tissues. That

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Speaker 1: sounds about right, yeah, just immediate scarification, meltification, um. And

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Speaker 1: we can run through some examples of that in a minute, right. So.

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Speaker 1: Another one is if you put organicterials such as a batman,

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Speaker 1: into a vat of acid, it will kill and then

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Speaker 1: rapidly dissolve that organism. So it has not only killing

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Speaker 1: and burning powers, but also liquification powers. Okay, yes, you're

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Speaker 1: with me so far. Another one is that the colors

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Speaker 1: can vary, but it's never clear like water. You notice

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Speaker 1: that the acid in the movies it always is usually opaque,

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Speaker 1: usually a shade of green, purple or orange I find. Yeah, green,

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Speaker 1: I think is the big one. And and I'll mention

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Speaker 1: a few examples that I have instilled that that idea

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Speaker 1: to me. But like if I was to draw a picture, uh,

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Speaker 1: you know, doodle something with acid on the side of

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Speaker 1: a piece of paper, it would be green. Yeah. A

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Speaker 1: good example of the green acid is in that classic

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Speaker 1: episode of The Simpsons where Millhouse becomes fallout Boy and

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Speaker 1: there's there's radioactive man. They're filming a scene from the

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Speaker 1: movie that's real ascid. I want to see goggles people, Yeah, exactly, goggles.

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Speaker 1: They do nothing. It's great. But so another thing about

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Speaker 1: the acid is that it displays am being bubbling, so

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Speaker 1: you don't have to heat it up. It just naturally

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Speaker 1: boils like a like a pot on the boil. Well

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Speaker 1: that's so you can look at it and know that

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Speaker 1: it's acid, like it's it's bubbling, it's green. It could

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Speaker 1: not be more acid. Yeah. And of course the final

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Speaker 1: the final effector is often kept in a giant vat,

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Speaker 1: though sometimes also kept in something that squirts it out.

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Speaker 1: Do you want to keep it in an open vat,

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Speaker 1: open open top with with some you know, room to

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Speaker 1: have some sort of a chain system in place and

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Speaker 1: some pulleys or whatever, however you want to position your

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Speaker 1: nemesis above it. Right now, Robert, tell me your movie

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Speaker 1: Acid story. What what? What are your memories from childhood

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Speaker 1: of beloved movie Acid. Oh? I have I have several, uh,

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Speaker 1: but probably the most scarring was at a young age,

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Speaker 1: like too young of an age, I saw a RoboCop.

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Speaker 1: Who lets you watch RoboCop at a young age? I

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Speaker 1: think it was like, um, like an uncle's house. Uh,

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Speaker 1: and it was on. But then again, RoboCop is so

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Speaker 1: violent it's hard to determine exactly what age during a

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Speaker 1: childhood is appropriate to watch RoboCop. A RoboCop an R

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Speaker 1: rated ultra violent picture for which there were toys, and

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Speaker 1: I think still our toys produced. Another thing I mean

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Speaker 1: to say about RoboCop is that the level of violence

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Speaker 1: and it isn't incidental. It's deliberately hyper violent, I would say,

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Speaker 1: in a satirical uh, for satirical reasons. Yeah, I mean

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Speaker 1: it's a great film. Um, but who I think back

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Speaker 1: about to my seeing it as as a young person,

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Speaker 1: and I'm a little appalled at times. But yeah, there's

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Speaker 1: a scene where and I'm sure anyone who has seen

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Speaker 1: this has this et burned into their mind as well.

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Speaker 1: One of the villain's Hinchman's gets gets just coated in acid.

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Speaker 1: Leave his name is Emal Is that is that his name?

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Speaker 1: So Emal gets coated in acid. I don't even remember

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Speaker 1: how it happened, Like the RoboCop shoot a vata acid

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Speaker 1: that was behind him and they're setting well, there are

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Speaker 1: a lot of there's a lot of sort of ambient

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Speaker 1: industry in the movie. It takes place in a dystopian

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Speaker 1: future Detroit, and they're like old factories with what we

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Speaker 1: would presume are just vats of toxic waste and asked

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Speaker 1: it hanging around, Yeah, and somehow this guy gets it

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Speaker 1: splashed all over him during a car chase scene. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and then he comes just zombie like walking out shambling,

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Speaker 1: totally meltified, and and then a car runs over. Like

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Speaker 1: there's a second there where you just horrified, like, oh,

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Speaker 1: this poor guy, look at the Stadi's in and then

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Speaker 1: like robocopper, one of the villa I think it's the

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Speaker 1: main villain gets him with the car and he just

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Speaker 1: like splatters like a like a water balloon full of blood,

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Speaker 1: and yeah, it's the dad from that seventies show who

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Speaker 1: gets in with the car And I never trusted that

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Speaker 1: seventies show because of RoboCop. I knew what he was

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Speaker 1: capable of. Clarence Botocker, he's a great villain. Yeah, so

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Speaker 1: he hits him with the car and he just turns

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Speaker 1: to liquid. He's like a bag of soup and uh

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Speaker 1: and I remember the villain he turns on the windshield wiper. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's gross, but it's also there's tons of acid in

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Speaker 1: video games, right. Video games love this, I guess because

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Speaker 1: acids probably fun to animate. Yeah, and if and a

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Speaker 1: lot of games. If you're doing a platform game, right,

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Speaker 1: it's a it's a wonderful thing to have to fall

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Speaker 1: into and of bounce out off. But my favorite example

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Speaker 1: is from Mortal Kombat two, which was like a major

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Speaker 1: major game for me when I was younger, and in

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Speaker 1: that you have two wonderful uses of acid. You have

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Speaker 1: a stage uh called I think the deadpool where you're

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Speaker 1: fighting on a platform and there's just just green acid,

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Speaker 1: uh through fills the room or ambiently bubbling, I can't

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Speaker 1: remember it's bubbling or not. But if you upper cut

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Speaker 1: your opponent into the acid at the the end of

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Speaker 1: the match for the fatality. Then they just splash, they scream,

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Speaker 1: they disappear under the acid, and then when they float

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Speaker 1: up to the top, they're just a completely clean skeleton.

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Speaker 1: Oh how long does that take? One second? Two seconds? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: And then of course that game also introduced the character Reptile,

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Speaker 1: who is a reptile, a lizard man ninja um, which

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Speaker 1: I just you know, you just think that for granted now,

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Speaker 1: but he also spits acid. So he takes his little

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Speaker 1: mask off and goes and this, uh, this green glob

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Speaker 1: comes flying across the screen and burns you. One of

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Speaker 1: the most horrible acid scenes I remember from a kid

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Speaker 1: was from the movie The Fly. We shouldn't dwell on

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Speaker 1: this kind of great movie, but yeah, the fly has

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Speaker 1: digestive enzymes. I suppose that he sort of like spits

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Speaker 1: out on people too, uh, to homogenize their flesh. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: I think there's an early scene where Brundle fly be

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Speaker 1: of course, you know, if you haven't seen it, first

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Speaker 1: of all, go see it. But mad scientist and a

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Speaker 1: fly their DNA is spliced the teleportation accident, and there's

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Speaker 1: a scene where he's recording himself feeding on something like

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Speaker 1: so just a bunch of sugary junk food, right, and

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Speaker 1: you don't actually see it, happy to just hear it

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Speaker 1: and it's horrific. And then of course later he weaponized

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Speaker 1: is this biological effect? And speaking of weaponized acid biology,

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Speaker 1: we would have to mention I guess this will be

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Speaker 1: a final example of the xenomorph from the films. Uh So,

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Speaker 1: in Ridley Scott's Alien you might remember this the old

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Speaker 1: classic Alien, we first see the xenomorphous acid blood during

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Speaker 1: the scene where if you remember, John Hurt's character gets

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Speaker 1: a gets an alien parasite attached to his face called

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Speaker 1: a face hugger, like burns through his helmet. Yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: it comes through his face mask and then it's attached

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Speaker 1: to his face and and they're trying to decide if

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Speaker 1: they should cut it off of him on the spaceship

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Speaker 1: and Ian Holme eventually decides to cut one of its

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Speaker 1: fingers off to see if they can remove it, and

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Speaker 1: it squirts blood, and this blood hits the floor and

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Speaker 1: it sizzles when it splashes on the floor, and then

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Speaker 1: continues to eat right through the material of the spacecraft's

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Speaker 1: floor and then drops down through like two more floors

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Speaker 1: I think through the levels until it eventually stops reacting

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Speaker 1: a few levels down, finally neutralizes and goes through the

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Speaker 1: entire hole. And then Tom Skret's character Captain Dallas. He

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Speaker 1: says he's never seen anything like that before, except quote

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Speaker 1: molecular acid, which is funny that that term doesn't really

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Speaker 1: make any sense since all acids are composed of molecules. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And in the sequels they correct this by saying the

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Speaker 1: aliens have concentrated acid for blood, which does make more

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Speaker 1: sense in the sense that they're suggesting. It's not like

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Speaker 1: vinegar or some of their friendly acid that's highly deluded

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Speaker 1: to a safe concentration. It's a highly concentrated, strong acid.

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Speaker 1: But later in this episode, we should explore exactly what

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Speaker 1: might be going on in terms of the aliens blood,

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Speaker 1: how it could be that acidic, if there were something

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Speaker 1: truly like that in nature. Yes, we will circle back

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Speaker 1: around to the xenomorphes at the end. But anyway, so,

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Speaker 1: why why this obsession with acid? We we love this stuff.

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Speaker 1: I mean, it keeps showing up in our media all

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Speaker 1: the time, even though we were not really we can't

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Speaker 1: be bothered to learn all the chemistry of exactly what

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Speaker 1: chemicals are are out there that could do real harm

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Speaker 1: to our body. So it's always just acid. You know,

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Speaker 1: there's some acid. It's just basically like a magical corrosive substance. Yeah, exactly.

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Speaker 1: So we we wanted to talk today about the real

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Speaker 1: science of strong acids. And I don't know to what

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Speaker 1: extent you can find chemicals in the real world that

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Speaker 1: match up to these the movie Acid and how close

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Speaker 1: you can get, Yes, okay, So to give you the

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Speaker 1: basics before we get into the strongest assets out there

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Speaker 1: the movie Acid, we we should do a real simple

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Speaker 1: overview of acids, bases and pH I'm not going to

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Speaker 1: turn this into a chemistry class, but we do need

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Speaker 1: to sort of explain how they work. So, first of all,

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Speaker 1: picture your periodic table and then go directly to square one. Hydrogen.

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Speaker 1: It's the most basic atom in the universe. It's got

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Speaker 1: one proton and one electron, and most of the hydrogen

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Speaker 1: in the universe has no neutrons. But if you want

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Speaker 1: to add one or two, you can get deuterium or tritium,

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Speaker 1: but we're not really concerned with that right now. So

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Speaker 1: your hydrogen atom one proton, one electron and it's electrically

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Speaker 1: neutral because it's balanced like that. The electron has a

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Speaker 1: negative charge, the proton has a positive charge. If hydrogen

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Speaker 1: loses its electron, it becomes a hydrogen ion, which is

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Speaker 1: just a proton. It's one single, lonely proton with an

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Speaker 1: unbalanced positive charge, and of course nature hates that unbalanced

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Speaker 1: positive charge. It wants to get back together, so that

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Speaker 1: lonely proton is going to be looking for a way

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Speaker 1: to join up with something that has a negative charge

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Speaker 1: and again become electrically neutral. So water is made of

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Speaker 1: the electrically neutral molecule H two oh. That's one oxygen

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Speaker 1: atom bonded with two hydrogen atoms. And if one of

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Speaker 1: the two hydrogen atoms in the water molecule breaks free,

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Speaker 1: it just runs off, says I'm gonna do my own thing,

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Speaker 1: free of a water molecule and leaves its electron. With

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Speaker 1: that water molecule, you're left with a hydrogen ion, which

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Speaker 1: is just that positively charged free proton proton, and then

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Speaker 1: a hydroxide molecule which is O H minus. It's a

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Speaker 1: molecule with a negative charge with one oxygen atom one

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Speaker 1: hydrogen atom. Now this can happen naturally in water. Sometimes

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Speaker 1: this is called the the ionization of water. Do ionization

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Speaker 1: of water. You can just have water sitting there in

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Speaker 1: a glass and some subset of the molecules within it

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Speaker 1: are going to undergo this reaction where a hydrogen proton

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Speaker 1: leaves one of the molecules joins to another one, and

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Speaker 1: that creates this hydroxide molecule oh negative negatively charged. And

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Speaker 1: then also and i uh a molecule called hydronium, which

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Speaker 1: is H three OH. It's a positively charged water molecule

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Speaker 1: that has three hydrogens on it. And so here's where

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Speaker 1: we get into acids and basins bases. There are several

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Speaker 1: different chemical definitions, but we're gonna go with the Bronze

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Speaker 1: Stead Lowry definition because you know which other definition would

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Speaker 1: you go with? This is obviously the best. It's named

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Speaker 1: after the Danish chemist Johannus Nicolaus Braunze said and the

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Speaker 1: English chemist Thomas Martin Lowry. And so the way it

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Speaker 1: goes is this, an acid is a hydrogen ion donor,

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Speaker 1: in other words, a proton donor. It's a chemical that

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Speaker 1: when you put it it into water, it wants to

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Speaker 1: send free hydrogen ions. These protons out into the solution,

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Speaker 1: and in turn that increases the concentration of hydronium or

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Speaker 1: H three. Oh, that positively charged molecule is talking about

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Speaker 1: the opposite of this is a base. A base is

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Speaker 1: a hydrogen ion recipient or a proton recipient. When you

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Speaker 1: put it into water, it wants to increase the hydroxide concentration.

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Speaker 1: It makes more molecules of O H minus the negatively

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Speaker 1: charged variant of water. So what would be an example

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Speaker 1: of this, Okay, So one would be, for example, hydrochloric acid.

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Speaker 1: So you put hydrochloric acid in water, and it wants

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Speaker 1: to break apart and donate that positively charged hydrogen ion

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Speaker 1: to the water, creating some negatively charged chloride and positively

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Speaker 1: charged hydronium. And here hc L is the acid and

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Speaker 1: water is the base by the bronzet Dead Lowry definition.

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Speaker 1: But all this stuff about acids and base this is

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Speaker 1: generally going to be concerning aqueous solutions, in other words,

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Speaker 1: putting stuff in water. Uh. And so this has a

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Speaker 1: really awesome name, by the way, and it's known as protonation.

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Speaker 1: So when you add a strong acid to a water,

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Speaker 1: because you're giving away those positively charged UH hydrogen ions,

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Speaker 1: you're proton aating the water. Uh. And on of course,

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Speaker 1: on the other hand, you can use a base to

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Speaker 1: d protonate a solution. One more piece of terminology. You've

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Speaker 1: probably heard of the strength of acids and bases expressed

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Speaker 1: in terms of pH. They say, you know an acid

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Speaker 1: as a pH of three or pH of six. What

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Speaker 1: does that mean? pH is just the concentration of those

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Speaker 1: hydrogen ions in a solution. So normal water, that's a neutral,

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Speaker 1: and the neutral pH is usually said to be seven,

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Speaker 1: So that would be one times ten to the negative

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Speaker 1: seven moles per leader of hydrogen ions. And we're not

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Speaker 1: going to stay on this math for a long time,

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Speaker 1: but just to be clear, a mole is just the

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Speaker 1: measure of how many molecules you got in something, and

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Speaker 1: moles per leader would be the concentration of how many

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Speaker 1: molecules you've got per leader of water. Specifically, a mole

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Speaker 1: is six point o two and then some more numbers,

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Speaker 1: but basically six point o two times ten to the

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Speaker 1: twenty three. There's a lot of molecules out there. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And so this is this is expressed by saying it

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Speaker 1: has a pH of seven. So if you have a

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Speaker 1: compound with a lower pH that's gonna get more acidic.

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Speaker 1: They donate protons harder. They say, take these protons, take them.

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Speaker 1: To put that in um in perspective, what lemon juice

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Speaker 1: is a too I believe, yeah, that's about right. In fact,

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Speaker 1: we can read a few a few examples of of

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Speaker 1: phs INN. And then also on the other end of

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Speaker 1: the scale, UH, compounds with higher pH values are stronger basis,

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Speaker 1: they're more alkaline, they steal protons harder their recipients of

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Speaker 1: protons uh. And so just to give a few examples

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Speaker 1: on the pH scale, I just found an illustration online

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Speaker 1: that gives some basic general ideas. Like we said, distilled

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Speaker 1: water is going to be a seven. It's neutral. That

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Speaker 1: seawater is going to be a little more of a base,

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Speaker 1: it's more like an eight. And then you get baking

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Speaker 1: soda solution it's a little more. It's like eight points. Something.

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Speaker 1: Bleach is going to be like thirteen. That's a strong base.

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Speaker 1: But then going lower on the scale, acids are gonna

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Speaker 1: be things like vinegar is going to be around a

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Speaker 1: three or four. Orange juice is going to be around

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Speaker 1: a three or a four. Uh. It's interesting that vinegar

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Speaker 1: is between orange juice and carbonated beverages, with carbonated beverages

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Speaker 1: being higher acidic level than vinegar. Oh yeah, they usually

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Speaker 1: say Coca cola is pretty dern acid, and then I

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Speaker 1: think that was their original slogan, Taste the acid. And

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Speaker 1: then once you get really low, closer to zero on

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Speaker 1: the scale, you've got something like battery acid. Just really intense,

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Speaker 1: strong acid. Take all the protons, take them all, right,

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Speaker 1: And that's that is often where we see the at

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Speaker 1: least the idea of Hollywood acids in that area, the

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Speaker 1: idea like this is battery acid, this is industrial acid.

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Speaker 1: This is highly corrosive stuff that will pick your skeleton dry. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: but I should point out that we're gonna be talking

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Speaker 1: about how strongly acids can dissolve things like organic materials today,

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Speaker 1: and so because the acid that reacts with you does

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Speaker 1: so through a chemical reaction, the chemicals involved matter. So

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Speaker 1: some acids might actually have a lower pH than others

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Speaker 1: but still be less harmful. For example, hydrofluoric acid, when

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Speaker 1: we're gonna talk about today, is one of the most

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Speaker 1: deadly acids out there, but it doesn't necessarily have the

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Speaker 1: lowest pH. And then when we're talking about the deadly

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Speaker 1: aspects of acids. Another thing we'll touch on two is

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Speaker 1: that sometimes it's not only the corrosive aspects of the acid,

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Speaker 1: but what happens when it when it has when it

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Speaker 1: undergoes the chemical reaction, what kind of gases can be

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Speaker 1: admitted there some of these examples you end up with

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Speaker 1: with toxic gases that are released when the acid comes

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Speaker 1: into contact with the with the right substance exactly. And

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Speaker 1: another thing tying into hydrofluoric acid, which we're going to

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Speaker 1: talk about a little more in a minute. Uh, the

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Speaker 1: danger associated with it isn't just from say topical burns.

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Speaker 1: It doesn't just burn you from the outside in and

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Speaker 1: and kill you that way. By getting into your skin

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Speaker 1: and then getting into your blood, it can cause systemic

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Speaker 1: problems that can kill you, for example by causing a

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Speaker 1: heart attack and prolonged exposure to some of these that

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Speaker 1: have also been linked to cancer. So there are a

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Speaker 1: number of ways that these that these dangerous substances can

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00:21:36,320 --> 00:21:38,879
Speaker 1: can harm you. Yeah, okay, so let's say, based on

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Speaker 1: everything we've just looked at, you're going to try to

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Speaker 1: dissolve some organic materials such as a batman So you

400
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Speaker 1: have a very strong acid, so you've got a vat

401
00:21:47,400 --> 00:21:51,200
Speaker 1: of it, and you put that acid into an aqueous solution,

402
00:21:51,280 --> 00:21:54,000
Speaker 1: meaning water. So you've got your acid dissolved into water,

403
00:21:54,800 --> 00:21:56,920
Speaker 1: and then you put your batman in. What's going to

404
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Speaker 1: happen to your batman, Well, depending on the may cup

405
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Speaker 1: of the solution, what's probably gonna happen is that the

406
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Speaker 1: acidic solution will begin breaking the chemical bonds of molecules

407
00:22:07,320 --> 00:22:10,479
Speaker 1: on the outer surface of the batman, so that you know,

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00:22:10,520 --> 00:22:14,080
Speaker 1: the excess of protons and charged molecules can form bonds

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00:22:14,160 --> 00:22:18,359
Speaker 1: with other molecules in that batman material and assuming it

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Speaker 1: can eat through the batman's suit, is going to start

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Speaker 1: hacking up the lipids and the protein molecules in the

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Speaker 1: batman's skin, forming new chemical bonds and slowly turning this

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Speaker 1: imbalanced acid water batman solution into a more homogeneous gloupat. Yes, however,

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Speaker 1: there are probably some materials in the batman and the

415
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Speaker 1: batman's suit that will not react with the acid, meaning

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Speaker 1: you're not likely to end up with a perfectly homogeneous mixture.

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Speaker 1: You might get some gloup with some lumps in it. Essentially,

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Speaker 1: the villain's acid just wants to bring Batman into equilibrium.

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Speaker 1: Isn't that a nice way of thinking about it? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: he is definitely a character out of balance with the world, right,

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Speaker 1: And so unless somebody perps comes along with a dump

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00:23:01,320 --> 00:23:04,439
Speaker 1: truck through full of a week base like baking soda

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Speaker 1: to pour in and neutralize the solution, that's what's gonna happen.

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Speaker 1: Though I'm not sure exactly how that would work out

425
00:23:10,160 --> 00:23:11,960
Speaker 1: for the Batman if he's still in the vat while

426
00:23:11,960 --> 00:23:15,840
Speaker 1: they're neutralizing it. Yeah, would it? Would there be an explosion,

427
00:23:16,359 --> 00:23:19,840
Speaker 1: an eruption? I don't know that. I think the classic

428
00:23:19,880 --> 00:23:24,840
Speaker 1: Batman TVs series, of course, with its rigorous approach to science,

429
00:23:25,440 --> 00:23:28,280
Speaker 1: you would probably see rob and show up dump the

430
00:23:28,320 --> 00:23:31,840
Speaker 1: base in. Everything would turn to a big foam and

431
00:23:32,000 --> 00:23:33,960
Speaker 1: uh everything, it would It would be like a foam

432
00:23:34,040 --> 00:23:39,040
Speaker 1: slippery dance five party. Yeah, yeah, everybody does the twist.

433
00:23:40,359 --> 00:23:42,040
Speaker 1: All right, we're gonna take a quick break and when

434
00:23:42,080 --> 00:23:44,080
Speaker 1: we come back, we're going to look at a rogues

435
00:23:44,160 --> 00:23:54,080
Speaker 1: gallery of dangerous acids. All right, we're back. Well, let's yeah,

436
00:23:54,160 --> 00:23:57,480
Speaker 1: let's let's roll through a few examples of some powerful,

437
00:23:57,520 --> 00:24:00,680
Speaker 1: potent real world acids. And again, not we're gonna try

438
00:24:00,680 --> 00:24:04,320
Speaker 1: not to just really chemistry class you too much on these,

439
00:24:04,400 --> 00:24:06,879
Speaker 1: but we're gonna, you know, roll through the some of

440
00:24:06,920 --> 00:24:11,159
Speaker 1: the basic health ratings and uh and and attributes of

441
00:24:11,240 --> 00:24:14,640
Speaker 1: these substances. Well, we talked about early on the idea

442
00:24:14,800 --> 00:24:18,520
Speaker 1: of these these acids that occur in biology, and one

443
00:24:18,640 --> 00:24:23,639
Speaker 1: acid that definitely occurs in biology is hydrochloric acid HCl.

444
00:24:23,720 --> 00:24:25,639
Speaker 1: So there's going to be a bond between hydrogen and

445
00:24:25,720 --> 00:24:29,080
Speaker 1: chlorine and it gets the job done. And I want

446
00:24:29,080 --> 00:24:31,919
Speaker 1: to note that, uh, these properties are coming off of

447
00:24:31,960 --> 00:24:36,040
Speaker 1: the m s d s S Material Safety Data Sheet. Yeah,

448
00:24:36,560 --> 00:24:39,439
Speaker 1: if you if you're interested in pretty much any substance,

449
00:24:39,720 --> 00:24:44,400
Speaker 1: any chemical substance, you can generally find um an MSDS

450
00:24:44,440 --> 00:24:47,560
Speaker 1: on on the internet for this and uh it's it

451
00:24:47,600 --> 00:24:49,639
Speaker 1: can be a little bit interesting, a little bit technical,

452
00:24:50,200 --> 00:24:52,960
Speaker 1: depending on how much that you read. Uh So the

453
00:24:53,000 --> 00:24:56,639
Speaker 1: appearance of hydrochloric acid, Uh, it would not work in

454
00:24:56,640 --> 00:24:59,399
Speaker 1: a Mortal Kombat game because it's it's colorless, though it

455
00:24:59,480 --> 00:25:04,000
Speaker 1: is a fuming liquid, has a pungent odor of hydrogen chloride,

456
00:25:04,200 --> 00:25:06,720
Speaker 1: which means you're you're doing the bank vault with Batman

457
00:25:06,880 --> 00:25:11,119
Speaker 1: might be able to sniff it out and when it

458
00:25:11,160 --> 00:25:15,280
Speaker 1: comes to its solubility, infinite solubility, and water with slight

459
00:25:15,760 --> 00:25:20,560
Speaker 1: evolution of heat, not necessarily boiling, but slight evolution defeat. Right,

460
00:25:20,640 --> 00:25:24,200
Speaker 1: And so the the MSDS comes with these ratings. It's

461
00:25:24,200 --> 00:25:26,200
Speaker 1: a great rating system. It's kind of like the the

462
00:25:26,320 --> 00:25:28,720
Speaker 1: m P A A for acids. Know what you're getting

463
00:25:28,720 --> 00:25:33,119
Speaker 1: ahead of time, Yeah, exactly. Um, the most of the

464
00:25:33,119 --> 00:25:36,199
Speaker 1: ones we looked at use the JT. Baker s A

465
00:25:36,320 --> 00:25:39,879
Speaker 1: f T data scores essentially given it. Like you know,

466
00:25:39,880 --> 00:25:42,119
Speaker 1: it's kind of like character classes in Dungeons and Dragons. Right,

467
00:25:42,240 --> 00:25:48,440
Speaker 1: it's health rating, it's flammability rating, reactivity rating, contact rating, etcetera. Um,

468
00:25:48,480 --> 00:25:50,600
Speaker 1: I'm not gonna deal with all these. But but as

469
00:25:50,600 --> 00:25:53,120
Speaker 1: far as hydrochloric acid goes, it's health rating is a three,

470
00:25:53,200 --> 00:25:57,040
Speaker 1: which is severe like a poison level zero, and flammability

471
00:25:57,320 --> 00:26:00,920
Speaker 1: reactivity rating is a two. Contact rating is three that

472
00:26:00,960 --> 00:26:04,280
Speaker 1: means it's severe. It's corrosive. Do not touch it, So

473
00:26:04,440 --> 00:26:06,440
Speaker 1: you need to if you're handling this stuff in the lab,

474
00:26:06,520 --> 00:26:10,119
Speaker 1: you need some protective measures in place. Yeah, it's highly corrosive,

475
00:26:10,160 --> 00:26:13,239
Speaker 1: so it's dangerous for us to inhale if we we

476
00:26:13,240 --> 00:26:15,520
Speaker 1: we should not come into contact with it on our eyes,

477
00:26:15,680 --> 00:26:19,120
Speaker 1: on our skin, do not ingest it. Uh, you don't

478
00:26:19,160 --> 00:26:24,240
Speaker 1: want to undergo chronic light exposure to it either. Um.

479
00:26:24,320 --> 00:26:26,560
Speaker 1: And then oh yeah, when it's heated to decomposition, it

480
00:26:26,600 --> 00:26:30,480
Speaker 1: emits toxic hydrogen chloride fumes, and we'll react with water

481
00:26:30,600 --> 00:26:34,840
Speaker 1: or steam to produce heat and toxic and corrosive fumes. Yeah.

482
00:26:34,880 --> 00:26:37,240
Speaker 1: But of course, as I mentioned earlier, despite all this,

483
00:26:37,480 --> 00:26:40,920
Speaker 1: you've got hydrochloric acid in your body. That's right, I mean,

484
00:26:40,960 --> 00:26:43,840
Speaker 1: this is the stomach acid. This is uh, this is

485
00:26:43,880 --> 00:26:46,040
Speaker 1: part of you. And really it's important thing to keep

486
00:26:46,040 --> 00:26:48,800
Speaker 1: in mind with acids in general. Like, acids are part

487
00:26:49,080 --> 00:26:52,440
Speaker 1: of our chemical world. Acids are part of the chemistry

488
00:26:52,440 --> 00:26:56,440
Speaker 1: of life. They're part of our biochemistry, uh, in varying degrees.

489
00:26:57,160 --> 00:27:01,200
Speaker 1: So yeah, the even though we liked to position acid

490
00:27:01,240 --> 00:27:04,480
Speaker 1: in that vat of of man made peril, Uh, it's

491
00:27:04,520 --> 00:27:08,000
Speaker 1: really just a part of our world. So parietal cells

492
00:27:08,040 --> 00:27:10,680
Speaker 1: produce hydrochloric acid in our body. It's a strong acid,

493
00:27:10,720 --> 00:27:12,879
Speaker 1: helps you break down your food. The acid in your

494
00:27:12,880 --> 00:27:15,160
Speaker 1: stomach is so concentrated that if you were to place

495
00:27:15,200 --> 00:27:17,960
Speaker 1: a drop on a piece of wood, it would eat

496
00:27:18,040 --> 00:27:22,159
Speaker 1: right through it. Really. Yeah, wow. And the G cells

497
00:27:22,200 --> 00:27:26,400
Speaker 1: produce gastron, a hormone that facilitates the production of hydrochloric

498
00:27:26,440 --> 00:27:29,920
Speaker 1: acid by the parietal cells, So the stomach, because of course,

499
00:27:29,960 --> 00:27:31,679
Speaker 1: one of the big questions is, well, why doesn't the

500
00:27:31,800 --> 00:27:35,000
Speaker 1: acid in our stomach consumers Right, Well, the stomach is

501
00:27:35,000 --> 00:27:38,840
Speaker 1: producted by the epithelial cells, which produce and secrete a

502
00:27:38,880 --> 00:27:43,960
Speaker 1: bicarbonate rich solution that coats the mucosa. Okay, so that's

503
00:27:43,960 --> 00:27:46,760
Speaker 1: taking the method of saving the batman by dumping a

504
00:27:46,760 --> 00:27:49,240
Speaker 1: bunch of baking soda into the vat. Yeah. Yeah, the

505
00:27:49,440 --> 00:27:52,879
Speaker 1: putting in a base exactly. The bicarbonate is an alkaline.

506
00:27:53,200 --> 00:27:56,479
Speaker 1: A base neutralizes the acid that's secreted by those parietal cells,

507
00:27:56,600 --> 00:28:00,280
Speaker 1: producing water in the process. And this continuous supply lie

508
00:28:00,280 --> 00:28:02,919
Speaker 1: of bicarbonate is the main way that your stomach protects

509
00:28:02,920 --> 00:28:08,280
Speaker 1: itself from autodigestion um and the overall acidic environment if

510
00:28:08,280 --> 00:28:10,920
Speaker 1: you're if you're tummy. So uh So, it sounds like

511
00:28:11,080 --> 00:28:14,159
Speaker 1: this process of creating the base to neutralize it is

512
00:28:14,200 --> 00:28:17,200
Speaker 1: not something you want going wrong in your body, right, Yeah,

513
00:28:17,240 --> 00:28:19,920
Speaker 1: that's one you generally what a good a good balance

514
00:28:20,240 --> 00:28:24,120
Speaker 1: in your stomach chemistry. Yeah, Okay, so hydrochloric acid, that's

515
00:28:24,160 --> 00:28:28,040
Speaker 1: nothing to be toyed around with. But there are stronger

516
00:28:28,080 --> 00:28:31,200
Speaker 1: and more dangerous acids out there, and I think maybe

517
00:28:31,200 --> 00:28:33,639
Speaker 1: we should move on. So if if hydrochloric acid was

518
00:28:33,720 --> 00:28:36,959
Speaker 1: sort of the I don't know, the riddler of the

519
00:28:37,000 --> 00:28:39,360
Speaker 1: acid rogues gallery, I think it's time to move on

520
00:28:39,400 --> 00:28:44,840
Speaker 1: to the joker. Yes, the joker would definitely be sulfuric acid, right, yeah,

521
00:28:44,880 --> 00:28:47,280
Speaker 1: And this is one I would say, of all the

522
00:28:47,320 --> 00:28:50,560
Speaker 1: acids they're technical names, sulfuric acid is the one that

523
00:28:50,680 --> 00:28:55,200
Speaker 1: is that is most commonly used in fiction. Granted not

524
00:28:55,240 --> 00:28:57,640
Speaker 1: without a real deep understanding of what it is. But

525
00:28:57,760 --> 00:29:00,080
Speaker 1: like the name itself sounds a little scary, soulf for

526
00:29:00,240 --> 00:29:04,840
Speaker 1: it's it's hellish, right, sulfuric the the name itself sounds

527
00:29:04,840 --> 00:29:07,720
Speaker 1: a little bit evil. Well, chemically, it's H two S

528
00:29:07,720 --> 00:29:11,360
Speaker 1: O four, So that's hydrogen with sulfur and oxygen and

529
00:29:11,480 --> 00:29:16,280
Speaker 1: it forms this molecule that is very very keen to protonate.

530
00:29:16,920 --> 00:29:21,719
Speaker 1: Oh yes, so it's it's a clear, oily liquid. It's odorless,

531
00:29:22,080 --> 00:29:25,080
Speaker 1: so sorry bank vault dude. Yeah, both of these so

532
00:29:25,160 --> 00:29:28,320
Speaker 1: far clear? Right? Yeah? Yeah? Nothing green? Why why not green?

533
00:29:28,440 --> 00:29:33,120
Speaker 1: Or or it's also mistable with water, which means that

534
00:29:33,200 --> 00:29:36,440
Speaker 1: it forms a homogeneous mixture when added to water, liberates

535
00:29:36,520 --> 00:29:40,560
Speaker 1: a fair amount of heat. Um. And it's highly corrosive

536
00:29:40,600 --> 00:29:43,000
Speaker 1: and dangerous to humans just across the board, much like

537
00:29:43,640 --> 00:29:46,280
Speaker 1: hydrochloric acid. So how does it compare in terms of

538
00:29:46,280 --> 00:29:50,120
Speaker 1: the ratings? So hydrochloric acid, for for the health rating,

539
00:29:50,120 --> 00:29:53,400
Speaker 1: we had a three, and for the contact corrosivity rating

540
00:29:53,440 --> 00:29:56,120
Speaker 1: we had a three, right right three on both yeah,

541
00:29:56,160 --> 00:30:00,160
Speaker 1: and had a had a two for reactivity and a

542
00:30:00,280 --> 00:30:03,160
Speaker 1: zero for flammability. This time around we have another zero

543
00:30:03,240 --> 00:30:07,200
Speaker 1: for flammability. Um. However, reactivity went up from a two

544
00:30:07,280 --> 00:30:09,960
Speaker 1: to the to a three, so we have severe water

545
00:30:10,040 --> 00:30:14,440
Speaker 1: reactivity here. Uh. And then as far as health rating goes,

546
00:30:14,800 --> 00:30:17,640
Speaker 1: we have another three, so it's just a severe poisonous.

547
00:30:18,160 --> 00:30:20,880
Speaker 1: But contact rating goes up from three to four from

548
00:30:20,880 --> 00:30:25,239
Speaker 1: severe to extreme, so it's extremely corrosive. How do they

549
00:30:25,320 --> 00:30:27,640
Speaker 1: decide what word goes with that? I might say severe

550
00:30:27,760 --> 00:30:32,400
Speaker 1: is worse than extreme? Well, I don't know. It's it's

551
00:30:32,400 --> 00:30:35,480
Speaker 1: gonna be specific to the JT. Baker s a f

552
00:30:35,560 --> 00:30:37,680
Speaker 1: T data score. I guess because I need a good

553
00:30:37,680 --> 00:30:40,440
Speaker 1: poet to go through and annotate this data sheet instead

554
00:30:40,480 --> 00:30:43,120
Speaker 1: of like a single word like a nice description exactly

555
00:30:43,120 --> 00:30:45,600
Speaker 1: everyone is encountered with it, or an example from a movie,

556
00:30:45,720 --> 00:30:49,360
Speaker 1: right like this is a you know, this is a

557
00:30:49,400 --> 00:30:53,360
Speaker 1: Mortal Kombat two level ascid. Yeah, so if you're going

558
00:30:53,440 --> 00:30:55,680
Speaker 1: for this movie kind of asset, I think we're we're

559
00:30:55,680 --> 00:30:58,080
Speaker 1: getting more into the territory here of assets that are

560
00:30:58,080 --> 00:31:01,280
Speaker 1: really gonna maybe not be of exactly like the movie

561
00:31:01,320 --> 00:31:04,480
Speaker 1: acid you're used to, but get closer to that than

562
00:31:04,760 --> 00:31:08,320
Speaker 1: than many other things would. Now, some other bad stuff

563
00:31:08,320 --> 00:31:11,960
Speaker 1: about sulphuric acid. When heated to decomposition, it produces toxic

564
00:31:12,120 --> 00:31:15,880
Speaker 1: fumes of oxides of sulfur uh. It will react with

565
00:31:15,960 --> 00:31:19,080
Speaker 1: water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. It

566
00:31:19,160 --> 00:31:22,720
Speaker 1: reacts with the carbonates to generate carbon dioxide gas, and

567
00:31:22,760 --> 00:31:27,520
Speaker 1: with cyanides and sulfides to form poisonous hydrogen cyanide and

568
00:31:27,640 --> 00:31:32,040
Speaker 1: hydrogen sulfide, respectively. It all sounds lovely. Yeah, So again

569
00:31:32,080 --> 00:31:34,480
Speaker 1: that's something though that is often I don't feel like

570
00:31:34,480 --> 00:31:39,080
Speaker 1: that that's utilized the the the the resulting toxic gas

571
00:31:39,120 --> 00:31:43,160
Speaker 1: of acid interactions in films, like they were so concerned

572
00:31:43,200 --> 00:31:46,560
Speaker 1: with what happens when the xenomorph blood gets on you

573
00:31:46,680 --> 00:31:49,000
Speaker 1: or your armor or the floor. But how about any

574
00:31:49,040 --> 00:31:52,400
Speaker 1: resulting fumes. Well, yeah, we're we're always so much more

575
00:31:52,440 --> 00:31:55,960
Speaker 1: concerned with liquids than with gases. And what one example

576
00:31:56,040 --> 00:31:59,240
Speaker 1: is volcanoes in movies. You know, volcanoes in real life.

577
00:31:59,280 --> 00:32:01,880
Speaker 1: I think they're way more likely to suffocate and kill

578
00:32:01,920 --> 00:32:05,280
Speaker 1: you with gases emitted or or by covering you in

579
00:32:05,400 --> 00:32:07,840
Speaker 1: ash and and ejecta and stuff like that. But what

580
00:32:07,960 --> 00:32:09,680
Speaker 1: you see in the movies is the lava. People are

581
00:32:09,760 --> 00:32:12,920
Speaker 1: running away from liquid lava rolling down the hill toward them.

582
00:32:13,160 --> 00:32:16,120
Speaker 1: Your volcano is very likely to kill you, but it's

583
00:32:16,280 --> 00:32:19,800
Speaker 1: very not likely to kill you that way. Another thing

584
00:32:19,880 --> 00:32:21,760
Speaker 1: that this is going off topic a little bit, but

585
00:32:21,880 --> 00:32:26,480
Speaker 1: flamethrowers in a confined space, it's a staple of our entertainment,

586
00:32:26,760 --> 00:32:29,160
Speaker 1: and yet it is such a bad idea to just

587
00:32:29,360 --> 00:32:32,600
Speaker 1: rapidly consume. I mean, a flamethrower in general is a

588
00:32:32,640 --> 00:32:36,959
Speaker 1: bad idea. A real flamethrower way to suffocate yourself. That's

589
00:32:36,960 --> 00:32:39,040
Speaker 1: a great way to sufcate yourself, and it's rarely, rarely

590
00:32:39,120 --> 00:32:41,280
Speaker 1: is that explored. The only example I can think of

591
00:32:41,280 --> 00:32:45,200
Speaker 1: off hand is that there is a wonderful Nazi zombie

592
00:32:45,200 --> 00:32:50,080
Speaker 1: film from the seventies or eighties titled shock Waves, and

593
00:32:50,160 --> 00:32:51,960
Speaker 1: there's a scene where they don't have a flamethrower, but

594
00:32:52,000 --> 00:32:55,320
Speaker 1: they light some flares, I think to ward off the creatures,

595
00:32:55,560 --> 00:32:57,360
Speaker 1: and they're in a confined space and it just eats

596
00:32:57,400 --> 00:32:59,880
Speaker 1: up all the oxygen and everybody's like gasping for breath.

597
00:33:00,080 --> 00:33:02,480
Speaker 1: And I remember the time thinking, Ah, thank you movie

598
00:33:02,560 --> 00:33:06,000
Speaker 1: for for for thinking a little bit. That's smart. Okay,

599
00:33:06,000 --> 00:33:09,400
Speaker 1: But back to sulfuric acid. So sulfuric acid, based on

600
00:33:09,480 --> 00:33:11,520
Speaker 1: how dangerous it sounds, You're you're probably never going to

601
00:33:11,640 --> 00:33:15,120
Speaker 1: have this in your home, right, well, not necessarily. Now

602
00:33:15,720 --> 00:33:17,760
Speaker 1: you might be able to get sulfuric acid in the

603
00:33:17,800 --> 00:33:23,280
Speaker 1: home and some deluded uh concentrations. So a nine study

604
00:33:23,320 --> 00:33:26,120
Speaker 1: in the Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery that

605
00:33:26,160 --> 00:33:30,200
Speaker 1: I came across was called cutaneous burns caused by sulfuric

606
00:33:30,320 --> 00:33:35,760
Speaker 1: acid drain cleaner. Yeah, pretty horrible. So a lot of

607
00:33:35,760 --> 00:33:38,440
Speaker 1: the commercial drain cleaner you're gonna be getting is actually

608
00:33:38,440 --> 00:33:40,959
Speaker 1: going to be based on a strong base rather than

609
00:33:41,000 --> 00:33:43,719
Speaker 1: a strong acid, So it might have something kind of

610
00:33:43,720 --> 00:33:47,800
Speaker 1: like lie in it to dissolve uh to dissolve materials

611
00:33:47,800 --> 00:33:50,760
Speaker 1: and the drain to do some some alkaline hydrolysis and

612
00:33:50,800 --> 00:33:53,000
Speaker 1: clear it out, get all that hair and gunk out

613
00:33:53,040 --> 00:33:56,240
Speaker 1: of there. But also there are some preparations made with

614
00:33:56,320 --> 00:34:00,760
Speaker 1: strong acids, such as highly concentrated solutions of sulf furic acid,

615
00:34:01,200 --> 00:34:04,240
Speaker 1: and and some people will sell these and you can

616
00:34:04,240 --> 00:34:08,480
Speaker 1: buy them. And this has caused accidental and sometimes intentional

617
00:34:08,760 --> 00:34:12,560
Speaker 1: burns in the home. So this study looked at a

618
00:34:12,719 --> 00:34:17,000
Speaker 1: period of thirteen years ending in May nine six, looking

619
00:34:17,080 --> 00:34:21,040
Speaker 1: at children and adults who sustained sulfuric acid burns in

620
00:34:21,080 --> 00:34:24,120
Speaker 1: the home through products like these, And it looked at

621
00:34:24,160 --> 00:34:27,280
Speaker 1: twenty one patients. There were thirteen kids and eight adults.

622
00:34:27,520 --> 00:34:29,359
Speaker 1: And I just want to read the results. They say

623
00:34:29,440 --> 00:34:34,160
Speaker 1: in eight instances the sulfuric acid burn was accidental, whereas

624
00:34:34,160 --> 00:34:37,680
Speaker 1: in thirteen cases sulfuric acid was used as a weapon

625
00:34:38,400 --> 00:34:41,680
Speaker 1: media and total body surface area burned was five percent

626
00:34:42,480 --> 00:34:47,280
Speaker 1: or a range of one. Approximately fifty percent of burns

627
00:34:47,280 --> 00:34:51,040
Speaker 1: involved the face and the neck. Skin grafting was required

628
00:34:51,080 --> 00:34:54,840
Speaker 1: in fourteen patients or sixty six percent. And it's estimated

629
00:34:54,920 --> 00:34:58,640
Speaker 1: that nationwide, approximately three thousand injuries per year are related

630
00:34:58,680 --> 00:35:01,560
Speaker 1: to drain cleaners and that one third of these involved

631
00:35:01,600 --> 00:35:06,479
Speaker 1: cutaneous burns. So this is, uh, this is one kind

632
00:35:06,480 --> 00:35:10,840
Speaker 1: of scary fact about what sulfuric acid can do outside

633
00:35:10,840 --> 00:35:13,799
Speaker 1: of the lab. And this does remind me that in um,

634
00:35:13,840 --> 00:35:16,200
Speaker 1: you know a lot of films and TV, and and

635
00:35:16,280 --> 00:35:20,440
Speaker 1: certainly in horror literature, uh, drain cleaner is is often

636
00:35:20,560 --> 00:35:24,200
Speaker 1: used that kind of household horror. This thing that is uh,

637
00:35:24,360 --> 00:35:26,360
Speaker 1: you know, when you used correctly, is certainly just a

638
00:35:26,360 --> 00:35:28,120
Speaker 1: part of our lives and we don't think about it,

639
00:35:28,200 --> 00:35:31,560
Speaker 1: but if you turn it around, it becomes this horrible

640
00:35:31,640 --> 00:35:34,560
Speaker 1: in human thing. And uh, and I should also point

641
00:35:34,560 --> 00:35:37,280
Speaker 1: out of view some people might have might have missed

642
00:35:37,320 --> 00:35:39,439
Speaker 1: this in this episode because it's kind of maybe we're

643
00:35:39,440 --> 00:35:42,680
Speaker 1: bearing the lead a little bit. But the most recent

644
00:35:42,680 --> 00:35:45,920
Speaker 1: Creepy Posta episode that Christian and I did gets into

645
00:35:46,320 --> 00:35:49,719
Speaker 1: the into the issue of acid attacks and the restoration

646
00:35:50,000 --> 00:35:54,799
Speaker 1: of surgical restoration of individuals who have experienced fact, so

647
00:35:54,880 --> 00:35:57,360
Speaker 1: it mentions the like the grafting that was eaching in

648
00:35:57,400 --> 00:35:59,640
Speaker 1: this study. Uh and so yeah, I mean that's a

649
00:35:59,640 --> 00:36:01,680
Speaker 1: horrible thing to think about it in real life being

650
00:36:01,760 --> 00:36:04,839
Speaker 1: used as a weapon probably doesn't behave exactly the same

651
00:36:04,880 --> 00:36:07,480
Speaker 1: way we do see the movie acid behaving are certainly

652
00:36:07,480 --> 00:36:10,000
Speaker 1: not as rapidly, but at the same time can cause

653
00:36:10,040 --> 00:36:13,719
Speaker 1: it very severe burns and damage to the body. So

654
00:36:14,120 --> 00:36:17,080
Speaker 1: it's not something to mess around with indeed. But next,

655
00:36:17,160 --> 00:36:19,480
Speaker 1: let's look at one more rogue in our in our

656
00:36:19,560 --> 00:36:21,880
Speaker 1: rogues gallery of dangerous acids, and I think this one

657
00:36:21,920 --> 00:36:23,560
Speaker 1: is going to be one of the most interesting, and

658
00:36:23,640 --> 00:36:27,400
Speaker 1: this is hydrofluoric acid or h F made of a

659
00:36:27,440 --> 00:36:31,240
Speaker 1: bond of hydrogen and fluorine. Let's look at the MSDS

660
00:36:31,320 --> 00:36:35,480
Speaker 1: scores here on this one. So health rating. Our previous

661
00:36:35,480 --> 00:36:38,640
Speaker 1: two examples were both three, which were severe. This one

662
00:36:38,680 --> 00:36:42,279
Speaker 1: is a four. This one is extremely poisonous. Uh. This

663
00:36:42,320 --> 00:36:46,520
Speaker 1: one also has a zero on flammability. Uh. It's reactivity

664
00:36:46,640 --> 00:36:49,360
Speaker 1: rating is a mere two, so that's down from three

665
00:36:49,880 --> 00:36:53,000
Speaker 1: that we had on sulphuric acid. And then its contact

666
00:36:53,120 --> 00:36:57,560
Speaker 1: rating is a four. Extremely corrosive, just like sulfuric acid. Yeah.

667
00:36:57,920 --> 00:37:00,960
Speaker 1: So it's a colorless, fuming liquid. Uh. It has a

668
00:37:01,040 --> 00:37:05,680
Speaker 1: very very acrid odor. Do not breathe the fumes and

669
00:37:05,760 --> 00:37:10,600
Speaker 1: it is infinitely soluble. Now, this this stuff, because of

670
00:37:10,640 --> 00:37:14,680
Speaker 1: the nature of it, the hydrogen fluorian bond or the

671
00:37:14,760 --> 00:37:19,400
Speaker 1: hydrogen fluoride. It has a very unique sort of reactive

672
00:37:19,440 --> 00:37:23,240
Speaker 1: profile that's right on contact with metals. It liberates hydrogen

673
00:37:23,320 --> 00:37:27,320
Speaker 1: gas on heating to decomposition. It can yield toxic fumes

674
00:37:27,320 --> 00:37:32,239
Speaker 1: of fluorides, and it attacks glass and other silicon containing compounds.

675
00:37:32,320 --> 00:37:36,279
Speaker 1: It reacts with silica to produce silicon tetrafluoride, which is

676
00:37:36,320 --> 00:37:39,959
Speaker 1: also a hazardous colorless gas. Yeah, now we should linger

677
00:37:40,000 --> 00:37:42,680
Speaker 1: on that last fact for a moment, because what do

678
00:37:42,760 --> 00:37:47,239
Speaker 1: we say here? Hydrogen fluoride can dissolve glass. Yeah. Most

679
00:37:47,320 --> 00:37:50,040
Speaker 1: of the time. Glass is great for storing chemicals because

680
00:37:50,040 --> 00:37:52,160
Speaker 1: it is very nonreactive. You can put stuff in a

681
00:37:52,160 --> 00:37:54,440
Speaker 1: glass container and it will sit there. It doesn't it

682
00:37:54,440 --> 00:37:57,520
Speaker 1: doesn't react with what's inside it. Glass is made of

683
00:37:57,560 --> 00:38:00,759
Speaker 1: mostly silicon dioxide silica, same stuff is you know, a

684
00:38:00,840 --> 00:38:05,520
Speaker 1: lot of rocks and sand. But hydrogen fluoride smashes up

685
00:38:05,560 --> 00:38:09,319
Speaker 1: those silicon dioxide bonds in order to replace them with

686
00:38:09,440 --> 00:38:13,799
Speaker 1: silicon fluorine bonds. And so for this reason you can't

687
00:38:13,880 --> 00:38:15,400
Speaker 1: store it in glass. You have to store it in

688
00:38:15,480 --> 00:38:18,400
Speaker 1: a special container, often one made out of something that

689
00:38:18,480 --> 00:38:21,719
Speaker 1: won't react with it, like polyethylene plastic. But a few

690
00:38:21,719 --> 00:38:26,000
Speaker 1: other materials will work. And I wanted to talk about

691
00:38:26,040 --> 00:38:28,840
Speaker 1: a couple of videos that I found on the Internet

692
00:38:28,880 --> 00:38:32,279
Speaker 1: that are very interesting dealing with hydrogen fluoride. And if

693
00:38:32,280 --> 00:38:34,200
Speaker 1: you want to watch these, if you're in a physician,

694
00:38:34,200 --> 00:38:37,080
Speaker 1: to watch these as you listen to the podcast episode.

695
00:38:37,120 --> 00:38:39,360
Speaker 1: We will include links to these on the landing page

696
00:38:39,360 --> 00:38:41,560
Speaker 1: for this episode Stuffable your Mind dot com. Yeah, so

697
00:38:41,640 --> 00:38:45,080
Speaker 1: these were done by a group that puts out chemistry

698
00:38:45,160 --> 00:38:48,960
Speaker 1: videos on the Internet called periodic videos or periodic table videos.

699
00:38:49,000 --> 00:38:52,840
Speaker 1: It's out of believe, the Chemistry Department of University of Nottingham,

700
00:38:52,880 --> 00:38:54,319
Speaker 1: and there are a lot of fun They do some

701
00:38:54,360 --> 00:38:58,200
Speaker 1: experiments with some very unsettling chemicals. One of them was

702
00:38:58,280 --> 00:39:02,399
Speaker 1: hydrogen fluoride, where they they decided to put a light

703
00:39:02,440 --> 00:39:04,759
Speaker 1: bulb in the hydrogen fluoride. So it's a live light

704
00:39:04,760 --> 00:39:08,600
Speaker 1: bulb with power running to it, lighting up half submerged

705
00:39:09,120 --> 00:39:11,520
Speaker 1: in a container of hydrogen fluoride. And what do you know,

706
00:39:11,719 --> 00:39:15,640
Speaker 1: after a little while sitting in the solution, the glass

707
00:39:15,680 --> 00:39:18,080
Speaker 1: part of the light bulb breaks off, and it breaks

708
00:39:18,080 --> 00:39:21,240
Speaker 1: off in a very strange way, cleanly, with a circle

709
00:39:21,480 --> 00:39:25,880
Speaker 1: around where the surface of the acid is is lining

710
00:39:26,000 --> 00:39:28,920
Speaker 1: the outside of the glass bulb. It just kind of

711
00:39:28,960 --> 00:39:31,200
Speaker 1: shears it off as if it had been scored and

712
00:39:31,200 --> 00:39:34,960
Speaker 1: then removed. And that, of course is pretty freakingly freaky

713
00:39:35,000 --> 00:39:38,040
Speaker 1: because then the filament immediately comes off and it starts

714
00:39:38,080 --> 00:39:41,719
Speaker 1: kind of sparking. But then they did another video which

715
00:39:41,840 --> 00:39:44,200
Speaker 1: I thought was really interesting, and this one's really worth

716
00:39:44,200 --> 00:39:47,920
Speaker 1: a watch. So this is comparing the flesh dissolving properties

717
00:39:47,960 --> 00:39:50,919
Speaker 1: of three different acids, actually the three we've just talked about.

718
00:39:51,160 --> 00:39:53,160
Speaker 1: This is the one I watched, and uh, yeah, this

719
00:39:53,280 --> 00:39:56,320
Speaker 1: is a lot of it's fantastic. So in all three cases,

720
00:39:56,320 --> 00:39:58,560
Speaker 1: what they did is they got a raw chicken leg

721
00:39:59,080 --> 00:40:02,160
Speaker 1: and they suspended it from a string partially submerged in

722
00:40:02,200 --> 00:40:05,239
Speaker 1: the acid. Uh. And then the states of the three

723
00:40:05,320 --> 00:40:07,879
Speaker 1: chicken legs are monitored. And the three acids they did,

724
00:40:07,880 --> 00:40:09,319
Speaker 1: like we said, are the ones we've just talked about.

725
00:40:09,360 --> 00:40:13,680
Speaker 1: Hydrogen chloride or HCl, sulfuric acid or H two s

726
00:40:13,719 --> 00:40:17,960
Speaker 1: O four, and then hydrofluoric acid or HF. Now, the

727
00:40:17,960 --> 00:40:21,760
Speaker 1: the sort of the profile we saw affecting the chicken

728
00:40:21,840 --> 00:40:24,400
Speaker 1: leg was very similar for the hydrogen chloride and the

729
00:40:24,440 --> 00:40:27,840
Speaker 1: sulfuric acid. Wouldn't you say, yes? Uh, yeah, they seem

730
00:40:27,880 --> 00:40:29,920
Speaker 1: to do the same thing, which is that after about

731
00:40:29,960 --> 00:40:33,239
Speaker 1: five minutes, not really any noticeable changes. I'm sure if

732
00:40:33,480 --> 00:40:36,360
Speaker 1: that chicken leg could feel it probably wouldn't feel good,

733
00:40:36,920 --> 00:40:39,320
Speaker 1: But you don't really notice any burning on the outside.

734
00:40:39,600 --> 00:40:43,680
Speaker 1: After thirty minutes, still nothing really noticeable. So this already

735
00:40:43,800 --> 00:40:46,720
Speaker 1: is not exactly lining up with what we know about

736
00:40:46,760 --> 00:40:48,920
Speaker 1: movie acid right right, And these are best in our

737
00:40:48,960 --> 00:40:54,480
Speaker 1: brightest athletes, yeah, exactly. But overnight some really interesting stuff

738
00:40:54,520 --> 00:40:57,160
Speaker 1: started to happen with these two. So the previously clear

739
00:40:57,280 --> 00:41:01,160
Speaker 1: solution takes on a dark pigment and the part of

740
00:41:01,200 --> 00:41:04,480
Speaker 1: the chicken that has been submerged has turned into this dark,

741
00:41:04,840 --> 00:41:08,600
Speaker 1: viscous jelly that drips off of the bone when you

742
00:41:08,640 --> 00:41:11,560
Speaker 1: lifted up. Uh. And then after that they went a

743
00:41:11,560 --> 00:41:13,880
Speaker 1: whole hog where they cut the string and just dunked

744
00:41:13,880 --> 00:41:16,640
Speaker 1: the whole chicken leg in and it's gross. It just

745
00:41:16,680 --> 00:41:21,000
Speaker 1: continues to darken the acid solution, turn it into this gloopy,

746
00:41:21,239 --> 00:41:24,239
Speaker 1: dark and jelly, and it it sort of begins to

747
00:41:24,320 --> 00:41:27,279
Speaker 1: liquify the outer layers of the chicken leg. Don't know

748
00:41:27,320 --> 00:41:29,560
Speaker 1: what what would have happened if they just kept it

749
00:41:29,600 --> 00:41:33,440
Speaker 1: going for weeks. After after a day, it was not

750
00:41:33,560 --> 00:41:38,640
Speaker 1: looking good. It was thoroughly unappetizing, that is for sure. Yeah.

751
00:41:38,800 --> 00:41:41,560
Speaker 1: I don't know. People just don't for some reason, you

752
00:41:41,600 --> 00:41:43,160
Speaker 1: want to eat a piece of chicken. You don't want

753
00:41:43,160 --> 00:41:48,040
Speaker 1: to eat some chicken jelly, but yet you like grape jelly. Yeah. Well, um,

754
00:41:48,120 --> 00:41:51,080
Speaker 1: well there you know. There are different jellifications of flesh

755
00:41:51,080 --> 00:41:54,760
Speaker 1: that are consumed arthur In, like French busine. Oh I suppose, so, yeah,

756
00:41:54,800 --> 00:41:59,520
Speaker 1: that's right. What's it called aspect? Yeah, okay, moving on

757
00:41:59,600 --> 00:42:02,719
Speaker 1: now now, So that's hydrogen chloride and sulfuric acid. But

758
00:42:02,760 --> 00:42:07,280
Speaker 1: the real strange one contributing here is the hydrofluoric acid,

759
00:42:07,560 --> 00:42:09,160
Speaker 1: this being the one that we just covered, the one

760
00:42:09,200 --> 00:42:13,080
Speaker 1: that dissolves glass. Yeah, and so similar profile at the beginning.

761
00:42:13,080 --> 00:42:17,400
Speaker 1: After five to thirty minutes, really not any significant observed changes.

762
00:42:18,000 --> 00:42:20,440
Speaker 1: Like we said, probably if you could be that chicken

763
00:42:20,520 --> 00:42:23,000
Speaker 1: leg it would not be pleasant. But just looking at it,

764
00:42:23,280 --> 00:42:27,160
Speaker 1: nothing strange seems to have occurred. But again, overnight, some

765
00:42:27,280 --> 00:42:30,560
Speaker 1: really crazy stuff starts to happen. Unlike the other two

766
00:42:30,560 --> 00:42:34,960
Speaker 1: acid solutions, which darkened and took on the red red pigment, uh,

767
00:42:35,040 --> 00:42:38,360
Speaker 1: this acid solution remains clear and the part of the

768
00:42:38,400 --> 00:42:41,680
Speaker 1: chicken legs submerged in the acid has sort of partially

769
00:42:41,800 --> 00:42:47,400
Speaker 1: disappeared and has a white discoloration along the sheared away surface.

770
00:42:47,440 --> 00:42:49,120
Speaker 1: It looked to me, I don't know what you thought

771
00:42:49,120 --> 00:42:52,680
Speaker 1: about this, It looked to me like frost or freezer burn. Yeah. Yeah,

772
00:42:52,680 --> 00:42:54,680
Speaker 1: I did have that kind of appearance. Yeah. And then

773
00:42:54,760 --> 00:42:58,080
Speaker 1: also the entire rest of the leg has become discolored,

774
00:42:58,160 --> 00:43:00,640
Speaker 1: so all of the red pigment in the soul it

775
00:43:00,640 --> 00:43:03,880
Speaker 1: looks like it's just been drained away. And even the

776
00:43:03,920 --> 00:43:06,840
Speaker 1: part way up out of the acid has become pale

777
00:43:06,880 --> 00:43:11,200
Speaker 1: white with greenish spots. It's lost its pink pigment. Uh.

778
00:43:11,239 --> 00:43:13,719
Speaker 1: And then after they dropped the whole thing, and when

779
00:43:13,760 --> 00:43:17,760
Speaker 1: they cut the string, it looks almost like extremely overcooked

780
00:43:17,840 --> 00:43:21,640
Speaker 1: boiled chicken, pale white all over except for a little

781
00:43:21,680 --> 00:43:24,759
Speaker 1: part sticking out which looks green and disease like they

782
00:43:24,920 --> 00:43:28,960
Speaker 1: just the worst example of steamer tray lunch room chicken

783
00:43:29,040 --> 00:43:32,040
Speaker 1: legs you could possibly imagine. Yeah, And so I do

784
00:43:32,160 --> 00:43:35,759
Speaker 1: recommend the the video because the chemist who they talked

785
00:43:35,760 --> 00:43:38,840
Speaker 1: to in the video has a theory about why this happens.

786
00:43:39,040 --> 00:43:41,239
Speaker 1: And I'm not going to repeat his theory, but it's

787
00:43:41,239 --> 00:43:44,279
Speaker 1: worth checking out. It's pretty interesting. He also has wonderful

788
00:43:44,440 --> 00:43:49,279
Speaker 1: like frizzy white hair. He's just a fabulous example of

789
00:43:49,280 --> 00:43:51,960
Speaker 1: of a British scientist. Yeah, all right, we're gonna take

790
00:43:52,000 --> 00:43:53,680
Speaker 1: a quick break and when we come back we will

791
00:43:53,719 --> 00:43:56,400
Speaker 1: get into the realm of super acids and then we

792
00:43:56,440 --> 00:44:01,560
Speaker 1: will reconverge with the Xeno morph. Hey, everybody, trips to

793
00:44:01,600 --> 00:44:04,319
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794
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795
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796
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797
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798
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799
00:44:19,000 --> 00:44:21,560
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800
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801
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802
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803
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804
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806
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807
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808
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810
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811
00:44:50,120 --> 00:44:53,719
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812
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813
00:44:56,239 --> 00:44:58,120
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814
00:44:58,160 --> 00:44:59,840
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815
00:45:00,239 --> 00:45:03,560
Speaker 1: in stuff that Stamps dot com inter stuff and start

816
00:45:03,640 --> 00:45:11,280
Speaker 1: mailing things. Okay, here's a question. When does an acid

817
00:45:11,800 --> 00:45:14,600
Speaker 1: become a super acid? We've talked about superheroes at the

818
00:45:14,640 --> 00:45:18,359
Speaker 1: beginning of Batman is a Is he a hero or superhero? Well,

819
00:45:18,440 --> 00:45:20,759
Speaker 1: he doesn't really have superpowers, but I guess he counts

820
00:45:20,760 --> 00:45:22,759
Speaker 1: as a superhero. Oh yeah, he's got the costume, he's

821
00:45:22,760 --> 00:45:26,080
Speaker 1: got the technology. So yeah, maybe if these other acids

822
00:45:26,080 --> 00:45:29,000
Speaker 1: we just discussed, dissolving chicken legs won't dissolve a Batman

823
00:45:29,160 --> 00:45:33,279
Speaker 1: fast enough. You need a super acid to dissolve a superhero.

824
00:45:33,360 --> 00:45:34,920
Speaker 1: It seems like the kind of thing is super villain.

825
00:45:35,000 --> 00:45:37,719
Speaker 1: Would need to look into it exactly. So what is

826
00:45:37,760 --> 00:45:40,840
Speaker 1: a super acid? Well, super acid is an acid that

827
00:45:41,080 --> 00:45:44,280
Speaker 1: is as strong as or stronger than, one hundred percent

828
00:45:44,480 --> 00:45:48,839
Speaker 1: pure sulfuric acid. Uh, And why would you ever have

829
00:45:48,920 --> 00:45:52,280
Speaker 1: anything like this? What's the point of it? Well, acids

830
00:45:52,400 --> 00:45:55,520
Speaker 1: are an incredibly important catalyst in the chemical industry, which

831
00:45:55,560 --> 00:45:57,920
Speaker 1: is maybe why they're in, you know, the industrial settings,

832
00:45:57,920 --> 00:46:00,799
Speaker 1: some big open vets. Yeah, but they have. They have

833
00:46:01,040 --> 00:46:04,359
Speaker 1: a number of applications and potential applications in fuel cell

834
00:46:04,440 --> 00:46:08,280
Speaker 1: technology and the chemical and petroleum industry. So, for instance,

835
00:46:08,560 --> 00:46:14,000
Speaker 1: acids don't usually react with hydrocarbons, oil, petroleum, but super

836
00:46:14,040 --> 00:46:17,640
Speaker 1: acids do. Yeah, And so we figured it's worth looking

837
00:46:17,719 --> 00:46:20,960
Speaker 1: up what's the strongest acid known to humankind? There is

838
00:46:21,000 --> 00:46:24,720
Speaker 1: an answer to this question, right, It is fluoro antimonic

839
00:46:24,800 --> 00:46:28,160
Speaker 1: acid or h s b F six. Then this is,

840
00:46:28,200 --> 00:46:31,640
Speaker 1: as far as we know, the strongest super acid on earth.

841
00:46:31,719 --> 00:46:33,680
Speaker 1: So what's the deal with it? So this is made

842
00:46:33,719 --> 00:46:39,400
Speaker 1: by combining hydrofluoric acid with antimony pentafluoride. And this is

843
00:46:39,400 --> 00:46:45,000
Speaker 1: gonna sound crazy, but it the resulting acid is billions

844
00:46:45,120 --> 00:46:49,359
Speaker 1: of times stronger than sulfuric acid. Yeah, it's billions and

845
00:46:49,560 --> 00:46:53,359
Speaker 1: billions of times or just many orders of magnitude stronger

846
00:46:53,400 --> 00:46:58,040
Speaker 1: than sulfuric acid. That is crazy obviously something we don't

847
00:46:58,080 --> 00:47:01,759
Speaker 1: exactly know. Like I couldn't find any videos that were

848
00:47:01,880 --> 00:47:06,080
Speaker 1: clearly real of people dealing with this stuff. I couldn't

849
00:47:06,080 --> 00:47:08,600
Speaker 1: find a lot of first person accounts of people dealing

850
00:47:08,600 --> 00:47:11,520
Speaker 1: with it. There there's some some research materials about it,

851
00:47:11,560 --> 00:47:14,960
Speaker 1: but they don't really get into, uh, into what exactly

852
00:47:15,000 --> 00:47:18,000
Speaker 1: would happen by combining this with stuff. I imagine if

853
00:47:18,040 --> 00:47:21,480
Speaker 1: you dipped a batman in it, some some stuff would

854
00:47:21,480 --> 00:47:23,880
Speaker 1: go down. Yeah, I mean, we found numbers that were

855
00:47:23,960 --> 00:47:26,920
Speaker 1: kind of all over the place, and there's no MSDS

856
00:47:26,960 --> 00:47:29,240
Speaker 1: score for this. There's no s A f T data

857
00:47:29,280 --> 00:47:31,359
Speaker 1: on this, so we can't we can't even like look

858
00:47:31,360 --> 00:47:34,040
Speaker 1: at numbers that put it, uh, you know, to make

859
00:47:34,080 --> 00:47:38,160
Speaker 1: a comparison between it and acid. Right, But just based

860
00:47:38,200 --> 00:47:40,759
Speaker 1: on on what we do know about it, I think

861
00:47:40,800 --> 00:47:44,400
Speaker 1: it's safe to assume that this stuff is incredibly dangerous

862
00:47:44,560 --> 00:47:49,320
Speaker 1: and dipping a batman and it would have some some consequences.

863
00:47:49,880 --> 00:47:51,880
Speaker 1: But but you might be wondering, you know, with with

864
00:47:51,920 --> 00:47:56,359
Speaker 1: an acid that strong, something that that reactive, how would

865
00:47:56,360 --> 00:47:59,200
Speaker 1: you even store it? Right? Because just the hydrogen, uh,

866
00:47:59,480 --> 00:48:02,360
Speaker 1: just with the Jeff, you've got this problem where you

867
00:48:02,360 --> 00:48:06,759
Speaker 1: you you're dissolving glass containers. Uh so what do you

868
00:48:06,840 --> 00:48:09,680
Speaker 1: use to story? This wasn't an interesting piece of information

869
00:48:09,719 --> 00:48:13,399
Speaker 1: I found cited in several sources. You can actually store

870
00:48:13,440 --> 00:48:16,000
Speaker 1: it with something you keep around the house. It's something

871
00:48:16,000 --> 00:48:18,719
Speaker 1: with a solid bond that really doesn't want to let

872
00:48:18,719 --> 00:48:22,640
Speaker 1: go and bond with other stuff. It's teflon ptf E,

873
00:48:22,800 --> 00:48:26,880
Speaker 1: so polytetrafluora ethylene. It's a ptf E and that's just

874
00:48:27,080 --> 00:48:32,600
Speaker 1: a a fluorine carbon bond molecule. That's it's It's very monogamous.

875
00:48:32,640 --> 00:48:36,800
Speaker 1: It just doesn't want to go bond with other stuff. Interesting. Alright,

876
00:48:36,840 --> 00:48:40,440
Speaker 1: So if you are battling a lizard ninja that may

877
00:48:40,520 --> 00:48:44,160
Speaker 1: or may not have um super acid in its body,

878
00:48:44,280 --> 00:48:47,240
Speaker 1: where your teflon ninja costut to battle it? Exactly? Okay,

879
00:48:48,120 --> 00:48:51,840
Speaker 1: that's what Batman uses, I bet sustain his encounters with

880
00:48:51,920 --> 00:48:55,319
Speaker 1: vats of acid is a teflon batsuit. So this would

881
00:48:55,360 --> 00:48:58,160
Speaker 1: be what McBain's underwear was made off in that that

882
00:48:58,239 --> 00:49:00,160
Speaker 1: scene we were talking about from The Simpsons, because when

883
00:49:00,160 --> 00:49:03,719
Speaker 1: the flood of acid and throws him through I think

884
00:49:03,719 --> 00:49:07,959
Speaker 1: mill houses, uh trailer, that the acid like quickly eats

885
00:49:07,960 --> 00:49:10,839
Speaker 1: off all of his clothing except for his underwear. Yeah, well,

886
00:49:11,000 --> 00:49:14,680
Speaker 1: I'm sure that was done for a network censorship reasons

887
00:49:14,800 --> 00:49:18,239
Speaker 1: rather than than scientific accuracy reasons, but it could be

888
00:49:18,360 --> 00:49:21,560
Speaker 1: could be uh teflon underwear protects you from the acid,

889
00:49:21,880 --> 00:49:23,840
Speaker 1: though I don't know if that would work with every acid.

890
00:49:24,080 --> 00:49:27,319
Speaker 1: That's true. I just have to assume if it works

891
00:49:27,360 --> 00:49:29,239
Speaker 1: for the strongest asset in the world, is going to

892
00:49:29,320 --> 00:49:32,479
Speaker 1: be generally pretty effective. Alright, So, Joe, at this point,

893
00:49:32,480 --> 00:49:35,920
Speaker 1: we've we've talked about what Hollywood acids look like, we've

894
00:49:35,960 --> 00:49:39,120
Speaker 1: talked about the real properties of acids, and we're already

895
00:49:39,120 --> 00:49:42,400
Speaker 1: seeing how they don't really match up to our Batman

896
00:49:42,480 --> 00:49:45,480
Speaker 1: dissolving needs. Doesn't mean they're not dangerous something that are

897
00:49:45,680 --> 00:49:49,200
Speaker 1: certainly credibly dangerous, but they don't behave exactly like we

898
00:49:49,200 --> 00:49:52,000
Speaker 1: we want them to to make Batman burn. Well, are

899
00:49:52,040 --> 00:49:55,560
Speaker 1: there other things in our natural world that do behave

900
00:49:55,640 --> 00:50:00,319
Speaker 1: like these fictionalized substances? Well, still probably not exactly. You're

901
00:50:00,320 --> 00:50:03,120
Speaker 1: not going to get the green, bubbling, instant dissolving you

902
00:50:03,239 --> 00:50:05,880
Speaker 1: kind of thing. But in many cases, I think if

903
00:50:05,920 --> 00:50:09,800
Speaker 1: you want a chemical that burns through human flesh more

904
00:50:09,840 --> 00:50:12,239
Speaker 1: like it does in the movies, what you want is

905
00:50:12,280 --> 00:50:15,080
Speaker 1: not necessarily a strong acid, but a strong base on

906
00:50:15,120 --> 00:50:18,880
Speaker 1: the opposite end of the pH scale, such as LIE,

907
00:50:19,000 --> 00:50:22,000
Speaker 1: which would be usually sodium hydroxide in a O H

908
00:50:22,160 --> 00:50:28,120
Speaker 1: or potassium hydroxide KOH. And so I wanna bring to

909
00:50:28,160 --> 00:50:29,960
Speaker 1: your mind a scene from a movie you might or

910
00:50:30,000 --> 00:50:33,160
Speaker 1: might not have seen it. You've seen Fight Club, right, Oh? Yes,

911
00:50:33,480 --> 00:50:36,440
Speaker 1: you remember the scene in Fight Club where Brad Pitt

912
00:50:36,440 --> 00:50:39,040
Speaker 1: and Edward Norton they're sitting around a table and they're

913
00:50:39,080 --> 00:50:42,080
Speaker 1: making soap because this is a plot point in the movie,

914
00:50:42,600 --> 00:50:44,719
Speaker 1: and one of the ingredients in making soap, and this

915
00:50:44,800 --> 00:50:48,000
Speaker 1: is true is lie. And in the scene, brad Pitt

916
00:50:48,040 --> 00:50:50,640
Speaker 1: he takes Edward Norton's hand and he kisses him on

917
00:50:50,680 --> 00:50:53,879
Speaker 1: the hand, and then he pours lie across the wet

918
00:50:53,920 --> 00:50:57,760
Speaker 1: spot where his lips were, and this causes a reaction

919
00:50:58,160 --> 00:51:00,759
Speaker 1: that begins to burn Edward Norton's hand. And for the

920
00:51:00,800 --> 00:51:03,880
Speaker 1: sake of you know, kind of macho and somewhat grandiose

921
00:51:03,920 --> 00:51:07,320
Speaker 1: sense of carpet d m, brad Pitt convinces Edward Norton

922
00:51:07,360 --> 00:51:10,040
Speaker 1: to just sit there and endure the pain, the chemical burn,

923
00:51:10,120 --> 00:51:13,160
Speaker 1: instead of washing off the lie. And he also tells

924
00:51:13,239 --> 00:51:16,239
Speaker 1: him that washing it off with water would only make

925
00:51:16,280 --> 00:51:20,720
Speaker 1: it worse, and eventually he uses vinegar to neutralize the acid. Now,

926
00:51:21,120 --> 00:51:24,160
Speaker 1: you shouldn't take your chemical safety information from a podcast.

927
00:51:24,200 --> 00:51:26,680
Speaker 1: We are not chemical safety experts, and you should always

928
00:51:26,719 --> 00:51:29,840
Speaker 1: consult those real experts before dealing with strong acids or bases.

929
00:51:29,880 --> 00:51:32,680
Speaker 1: But from everything I've read, Brad Pitt's wisdom about the

930
00:51:32,760 --> 00:51:36,360
Speaker 1: vinegar here is not exactly true. Uh. It is true

931
00:51:36,400 --> 00:51:38,719
Speaker 1: that a strong base like LIE is activated in the

932
00:51:38,760 --> 00:51:41,680
Speaker 1: presence of water, and that you can use acids to

933
00:51:41,760 --> 00:51:45,080
Speaker 1: neutralize bases. But if you've got LIE on you, my

934
00:51:45,280 --> 00:51:48,839
Speaker 1: non expert opinion is that your first priorities just get

935
00:51:48,880 --> 00:51:50,799
Speaker 1: it off. You get it off your skin as fast

936
00:51:50,840 --> 00:51:53,680
Speaker 1: as possible, rather than running around looking for a creative

937
00:51:53,760 --> 00:51:56,879
Speaker 1: lemons to squeeze on and neutralize it. Washing it off

938
00:51:56,920 --> 00:51:58,879
Speaker 1: with water would be one way, but you just want

939
00:51:58,880 --> 00:52:02,960
Speaker 1: it off your skin as fast as possible. Also worth

940
00:52:02,960 --> 00:52:07,000
Speaker 1: pointing out that commercial vinegar is mostly water. It's acetic acid,

941
00:52:07,080 --> 00:52:10,680
Speaker 1: but it's highly diluted with water. But yes, in any case,

942
00:52:11,080 --> 00:52:14,680
Speaker 1: this is an example of what strong bases can do

943
00:52:14,800 --> 00:52:16,759
Speaker 1: to the skin, and in some ways the scene is

944
00:52:16,840 --> 00:52:19,439
Speaker 1: kind of accurate. Like a strong base like a lie

945
00:52:19,480 --> 00:52:21,879
Speaker 1: in the presence of water on the skin can definitely

946
00:52:22,000 --> 00:52:25,879
Speaker 1: burn you. It can cause bad chemical burns, and can

947
00:52:25,920 --> 00:52:30,359
Speaker 1: definitely truly dissolve human flesh under the right conditions. So

948
00:52:30,800 --> 00:52:33,280
Speaker 1: this is one thing we also see the movie acid

949
00:52:33,400 --> 00:52:35,759
Speaker 1: being used for. It's like the Mafia hitman in the

950
00:52:35,800 --> 00:52:38,919
Speaker 1: movie have some vat of acid in their basement and

951
00:52:38,960 --> 00:52:41,439
Speaker 1: they whack somebody and they put him into the vat

952
00:52:41,480 --> 00:52:45,120
Speaker 1: of acid and it dissolves them. But studies have actually

953
00:52:45,480 --> 00:52:48,040
Speaker 1: shown that if you really want to dissolve a human body.

954
00:52:48,080 --> 00:52:50,200
Speaker 1: We're not trying to give anybody pointers on how to

955
00:52:50,360 --> 00:52:53,680
Speaker 1: commit murder, and of evidence is just science presented by

956
00:52:53,800 --> 00:52:59,239
Speaker 1: the Mafia Science Institute. Apparently the better way to do

957
00:52:59,280 --> 00:53:01,400
Speaker 1: that would be with a strong base rather than a

958
00:53:01,440 --> 00:53:05,400
Speaker 1: strong acid for for fully dissolving flesh. And one piece

959
00:53:05,440 --> 00:53:07,640
Speaker 1: of evidence for this is something we've actually talked about

960
00:53:07,640 --> 00:53:10,520
Speaker 1: on the podcast before. And you remember the episode we

961
00:53:10,520 --> 00:53:13,960
Speaker 1: did last October about the future of the dealing with

962
00:53:14,040 --> 00:53:17,920
Speaker 1: human remains and green burials and stuff like that, and

963
00:53:18,040 --> 00:53:20,560
Speaker 1: so the method, one method we talked about is known

964
00:53:20,560 --> 00:53:23,719
Speaker 1: as alkaline hydrolysis, and this is a method of disposing

965
00:53:23,719 --> 00:53:26,960
Speaker 1: of condevers. It's used by lots of medical facilities, and

966
00:53:27,000 --> 00:53:29,600
Speaker 1: there's increasing interest in using it as a cheaper and

967
00:53:29,680 --> 00:53:34,319
Speaker 1: greener alternative to traditional burial incremation. And essentially it goes

968
00:53:34,360 --> 00:53:37,920
Speaker 1: like this. You put the body into a pressurized chamber

969
00:53:37,960 --> 00:53:40,560
Speaker 1: that contains a mixture of water and lie so here's

970
00:53:40,560 --> 00:53:43,000
Speaker 1: your strong base, and then you heat the chamber to

971
00:53:43,120 --> 00:53:45,799
Speaker 1: around a hundred and sixty degrease celsius or you know,

972
00:53:45,880 --> 00:53:49,200
Speaker 1: over three hundred degrees fahrenheit, and the body is liquefied

973
00:53:49,239 --> 00:53:51,080
Speaker 1: in just a few hours, and it can be washed

974
00:53:51,080 --> 00:53:54,440
Speaker 1: down the drain and any remaining bone fragments that can

975
00:53:54,480 --> 00:53:57,520
Speaker 1: be pulverized and dealt with however you want. But now,

976
00:53:57,560 --> 00:53:59,920
Speaker 1: obviously the heat and the pressure here are playing a

977
00:54:00,040 --> 00:54:02,280
Speaker 1: big role in what's going on. But the strong base

978
00:54:03,000 --> 00:54:06,400
Speaker 1: is crucial. It's an m v P dissolver of organic

979
00:54:06,440 --> 00:54:09,840
Speaker 1: materials such as a human body or or an animal

980
00:54:09,840 --> 00:54:13,239
Speaker 1: carcass or a batman. And so one of my suggestions

981
00:54:13,320 --> 00:54:17,120
Speaker 1: is that maybe we should start replacing movie acids in

982
00:54:17,120 --> 00:54:19,960
Speaker 1: our fiction with movie bases. I think part of the

983
00:54:19,960 --> 00:54:24,600
Speaker 1: problem is that acid sounds cooler, acid is more even

984
00:54:24,600 --> 00:54:27,600
Speaker 1: though I think most people know that you have acids

985
00:54:27,600 --> 00:54:32,680
Speaker 1: and bases. Uh, it's like the just the word itself acid. Yeah,

986
00:54:32,719 --> 00:54:36,040
Speaker 1: instead of like base, you know, like which one, which

987
00:54:36,080 --> 00:54:40,480
Speaker 1: one is just like linguistically potent? Yeah, for for fictional purposes,

988
00:54:40,520 --> 00:54:45,000
Speaker 1: which one sounds scarier to be protonated or to be deprotonated? Yeah,

989
00:54:45,160 --> 00:54:47,480
Speaker 1: and then of course acid. I mean we talk about, oh,

990
00:54:47,520 --> 00:54:50,680
Speaker 1: well that person has a really you know, acidic attitude

991
00:54:50,800 --> 00:54:53,160
Speaker 1: or something. You know, it's like, it's we we Acid

992
00:54:53,239 --> 00:54:55,680
Speaker 1: is just going to make your sentence that much stronger.

993
00:54:55,719 --> 00:54:58,719
Speaker 1: It's gonna make your threat to the superhero that much stronger. Yeah,

994
00:54:58,760 --> 00:55:01,239
Speaker 1: it's it's it has more sentence, despite the fact that

995
00:55:01,280 --> 00:55:04,279
Speaker 1: it might not be as great a wonderful dissolver of

996
00:55:04,400 --> 00:55:08,400
Speaker 1: organic material or something like lie. But yeah, I'm ready

997
00:55:08,520 --> 00:55:11,320
Speaker 1: Robert for you to take us back to the Nostromo.

998
00:55:11,440 --> 00:55:14,080
Speaker 1: All right, well, you know, the my motion detector is

999
00:55:14,120 --> 00:55:18,280
Speaker 1: going off here. I think it's actually coming from inside

1000
00:55:18,320 --> 00:55:20,359
Speaker 1: the room at this point. So yeah, let's let's talk

1001
00:55:20,400 --> 00:55:23,200
Speaker 1: about the xenomore. Yeah, okay, so we mentioned this earlier

1002
00:55:23,239 --> 00:55:26,480
Speaker 1: in the episode. This is one fantastic example of movie ascid.

1003
00:55:26,520 --> 00:55:28,680
Speaker 1: I think it's probably my favorite movie asset is the

1004
00:55:28,719 --> 00:55:31,680
Speaker 1: Aliens Blood Right, Yeah, I mean, it's so well utilized

1005
00:55:31,680 --> 00:55:34,360
Speaker 1: and uh and and feels like a real threat and

1006
00:55:34,440 --> 00:55:37,319
Speaker 1: helps to just position the creature. You know, we can

1007
00:55:37,320 --> 00:55:39,879
Speaker 1: barely touch it, we can barely wound it, and when

1008
00:55:39,920 --> 00:55:42,600
Speaker 1: we do wounding, it might kill us. Yeah. So we've

1009
00:55:42,600 --> 00:55:44,840
Speaker 1: described sort of what happens in the scene in the

1010
00:55:44,840 --> 00:55:46,880
Speaker 1: first scene where these that there. There are many different

1011
00:55:46,880 --> 00:55:49,279
Speaker 1: ways the asset appears throughout all of the movies that

1012
00:55:49,320 --> 00:55:52,920
Speaker 1: have aliens in them, but it typically always burns and

1013
00:55:52,960 --> 00:55:55,319
Speaker 1: dissolves things. It's it's you don't want to get it

1014
00:55:55,360 --> 00:55:57,839
Speaker 1: on you. It might kill you, might burn you. But

1015
00:55:58,239 --> 00:56:00,960
Speaker 1: is is there anything we can relate this acid too

1016
00:56:00,960 --> 00:56:04,120
Speaker 1: in the real world? Could an organism really behave this way?

1017
00:56:04,160 --> 00:56:07,719
Speaker 1: And what might it's acid blood? Be ah? Well, this

1018
00:56:07,800 --> 00:56:11,839
Speaker 1: is a fantastic question, um, But before I get into it,

1019
00:56:12,120 --> 00:56:14,479
Speaker 1: I do want to mention that, as a fun note,

1020
00:56:14,560 --> 00:56:18,440
Speaker 1: there is an older monster, perhaps the most famous monster

1021
00:56:18,480 --> 00:56:23,320
Speaker 1: in Western literature, that also boasted corrosive blood, and that's Grendel.

1022
00:56:23,719 --> 00:56:27,160
Speaker 1: Oh wow, Yeah, it's been so long since I've read

1023
00:56:27,400 --> 00:56:30,040
Speaker 1: from Bayol. It's been so long, Yes, since I've read Beowulf.

1024
00:56:30,680 --> 00:56:33,120
Speaker 1: I've certainly read things since then that have Grendel in them.

1025
00:56:33,520 --> 00:56:35,359
Speaker 1: But it's been so long I didn't I didn't even

1026
00:56:35,400 --> 00:56:37,760
Speaker 1: realize this. I have sort of rediscovered this in our research.

1027
00:56:37,840 --> 00:56:40,120
Speaker 1: This is crazy. So, of course Beowulf is a classic

1028
00:56:40,160 --> 00:56:43,719
Speaker 1: of Anglo Saxon literature Old English literature, where you know

1029
00:56:43,719 --> 00:56:46,480
Speaker 1: you've got this epic. The hero Beowulf goes into slay

1030
00:56:46,560 --> 00:56:49,759
Speaker 1: the monster that's been harassing this Uh. I don't know,

1031
00:56:49,800 --> 00:56:53,319
Speaker 1: would you even call it a town, this encampment of humans? Uh?

1032
00:56:53,360 --> 00:56:55,560
Speaker 1: And so what's the deal? So he goes into slay

1033
00:56:55,640 --> 00:56:59,200
Speaker 1: Grendel and he encounters some acid blood. Yeah, basically like

1034
00:56:59,280 --> 00:57:01,640
Speaker 1: he ends up getting this special sword, and then at

1035
00:57:01,640 --> 00:57:04,880
Speaker 1: the end he he's earlier. He rips off Grindel's arm,

1036
00:57:05,120 --> 00:57:08,000
Speaker 1: wounds him, follows Grindel back to his layer, cuts his

1037
00:57:08,040 --> 00:57:12,080
Speaker 1: head off, and then the blood from the from the beheading,

1038
00:57:12,160 --> 00:57:15,400
Speaker 1: it melts the blade. This is a translation, obviously, but

1039
00:57:16,160 --> 00:57:19,080
Speaker 1: the sword blade began then the blood having touched it,

1040
00:57:19,320 --> 00:57:23,720
Speaker 1: contracting and shriveling with battle icicles. It was a wonderful

1041
00:57:23,800 --> 00:57:28,160
Speaker 1: marvel that had melted entirely. So it's my understanding that

1042
00:57:28,200 --> 00:57:30,440
Speaker 1: you could kind of interpret this is maybe a blood

1043
00:57:30,480 --> 00:57:32,880
Speaker 1: is really hot and just melted it um you know,

1044
00:57:33,160 --> 00:57:36,400
Speaker 1: as in a you know, a great fire, or that

1045
00:57:36,440 --> 00:57:39,959
Speaker 1: it's acidic, depending on your interpretation. Either way, that's that's

1046
00:57:40,040 --> 00:57:43,600
Speaker 1: quite uh an adaptation on the part of the Grindel organism.

1047
00:57:43,680 --> 00:57:46,920
Speaker 1: Oh man, I wonder if this is the oldest single

1048
00:57:47,640 --> 00:57:52,440
Speaker 1: version of the creature that spits toxic chemicals. Maybe, you know,

1049
00:57:52,520 --> 00:57:55,640
Speaker 1: I can't. I can't think of another mythic creature that

1050
00:57:55,760 --> 00:58:00,120
Speaker 1: has this fire. But yeah, there's certainly fire breathing, but

1051
00:58:00,400 --> 00:58:05,080
Speaker 1: as far as acids or something that is corrosive that is,

1052
00:58:05,440 --> 00:58:07,800
Speaker 1: you know, destroying the weapons that are used against it,

1053
00:58:07,840 --> 00:58:12,360
Speaker 1: I can't think of one offhand. Yeah. Crazy. Well, anyway,

1054
00:58:12,560 --> 00:58:15,080
Speaker 1: we we should return to our modern example though, So

1055
00:58:15,640 --> 00:58:19,040
Speaker 1: imagine Beowulf goes into slay a xenomorph. He'd have exactly

1056
00:58:19,040 --> 00:58:21,760
Speaker 1: the same problem, right, The xenomorph queens in there. She's

1057
00:58:21,760 --> 00:58:24,080
Speaker 1: been harassing the town. He takes in his special sword,

1058
00:58:24,120 --> 00:58:28,280
Speaker 1: he lops off its head, and the sword melts. Right, Yes,

1059
00:58:28,320 --> 00:58:30,560
Speaker 1: the sword melts, and you got the job done. But yeah,

1060
00:58:30,840 --> 00:58:34,320
Speaker 1: your magical weapon is ruined. Yeah, maybe spraying him on

1061
00:58:34,360 --> 00:58:36,880
Speaker 1: the face in the process and killing him getting the

1062
00:58:36,960 --> 00:58:39,480
Speaker 1: last laugh after all. Oh yeah, well, you know it's

1063
00:58:39,520 --> 00:58:42,440
Speaker 1: Beowulf's they probably dodge it. I always have this thing,

1064
00:58:42,480 --> 00:58:45,800
Speaker 1: I always since sympathize with Grendel. Uh. Yet to see

1065
00:58:45,840 --> 00:58:49,040
Speaker 1: an adaptation of the story where I'm like, oh, yeah,

1066
00:58:49,040 --> 00:58:50,840
Speaker 1: Beawolf is a good dude, I can get behind him.

1067
00:58:50,880 --> 00:58:53,680
Speaker 1: I always sympathize with the monster. Well, I mean, yeah,

1068
00:58:54,240 --> 00:58:58,080
Speaker 1: Grendel's the loner. Well, maybe one of the first places

1069
00:58:58,080 --> 00:59:01,440
Speaker 1: we should look to see what the aliens blood might

1070
00:59:01,440 --> 00:59:03,360
Speaker 1: be would be to look behind the scenes in the

1071
00:59:03,400 --> 00:59:05,360
Speaker 1: movie and see, Okay, so how do they create the

1072
00:59:05,360 --> 00:59:07,600
Speaker 1: special effect in the In the alien movies, you see

1073
00:59:07,640 --> 00:59:10,520
Speaker 1: the aliens spilled their blood like in the first movie

1074
00:59:10,880 --> 00:59:13,160
Speaker 1: in Ridley Scott's film, you see it's spill on the floor.

1075
00:59:13,200 --> 00:59:15,600
Speaker 1: It burns through the floor and it just keeps burning

1076
00:59:15,600 --> 00:59:19,360
Speaker 1: through floors until finally it stops. What what was going

1077
00:59:19,400 --> 00:59:22,920
Speaker 1: on there? Well, I found some accounts online of the

1078
00:59:23,440 --> 00:59:25,760
Speaker 1: where this special effect came from, and supposedly it was

1079
00:59:25,880 --> 00:59:31,200
Speaker 1: created by the alien special effects supervisor Brian Johnson, and

1080
00:59:31,360 --> 00:59:36,360
Speaker 1: the the acid effect was essentially a combination of some

1081
00:59:36,520 --> 00:59:40,320
Speaker 1: various chemicals and then that was applied to and this

1082
00:59:40,320 --> 00:59:43,840
Speaker 1: is pretty clever styrofoam floors they just made. They made

1083
00:59:43,880 --> 00:59:48,760
Speaker 1: styrofoam ship hull. I don't know what styrofoam stuff that

1084
00:59:48,840 --> 00:59:50,960
Speaker 1: would be the floors of the ship, and then spray

1085
00:59:51,000 --> 00:59:53,200
Speaker 1: painted its silver to make it look like it was metal.

1086
00:59:53,920 --> 00:59:56,919
Speaker 1: What's the name of the company, the corporation while wait, wait,

1087
00:59:56,920 --> 00:59:59,040
Speaker 1: waitl in Utahi and maybe they're just super cheap and

1088
00:59:59,040 --> 01:00:04,800
Speaker 1: they're like styrofoam. That's great. I'm sure that's what it was.

1089
01:00:04,880 --> 01:00:08,120
Speaker 1: But in any sense, so what was it made of? Well,

1090
01:00:08,360 --> 01:00:13,760
Speaker 1: the blood they had was made of chloroform, acetone, cyclohexylamine,

1091
01:00:14,200 --> 01:00:18,040
Speaker 1: and acetic acid, which is vinegar pretty much. Acetic acid

1092
01:00:18,080 --> 01:00:20,919
Speaker 1: is deluded to create vinegar and then some other compounds.

1093
01:00:21,440 --> 01:00:24,280
Speaker 1: But I thought this is funny because so acetic acid, yes,

1094
01:00:24,320 --> 01:00:27,200
Speaker 1: of course is an acid diluting diluted in in water

1095
01:00:27,280 --> 01:00:30,400
Speaker 1: to make vinegar with some other flavorings. Acetone is not

1096
01:00:30,520 --> 01:00:35,280
Speaker 1: an acid, that's neutral neutral pH seven uh, Cyclohexulamine is

1097
01:00:35,320 --> 01:00:38,160
Speaker 1: a base. And then and then of course the head

1098
01:00:38,280 --> 01:00:42,000
Speaker 1: chloroform and stuff. And apparently it eats through styrofoam all right,

1099
01:00:42,040 --> 01:00:44,720
Speaker 1: but it probably wouldn't eat through a real spacecraft's hull.

1100
01:00:45,440 --> 01:00:47,840
Speaker 1: And one of the big reasons it eats through styrofoam

1101
01:00:47,920 --> 01:00:49,880
Speaker 1: is probably the presence of acetone. I don't know if

1102
01:00:49,880 --> 01:00:51,960
Speaker 1: you've ever seen videos of what happens when you pour

1103
01:00:52,040 --> 01:00:55,720
Speaker 1: acetone on a styrofoam wighead or something like that. I

1104
01:00:55,760 --> 01:00:57,560
Speaker 1: don't think I've seen those videos. If you ever want

1105
01:00:57,600 --> 01:00:59,640
Speaker 1: to make a head melt for a bunch of children,

1106
01:00:59,760 --> 01:01:02,040
Speaker 1: this is a fun party trick. I don't don't get

1107
01:01:02,040 --> 01:01:03,920
Speaker 1: any of the Well, I'll keep that in mind from

1108
01:01:03,960 --> 01:01:07,160
Speaker 1: my son's a fifth birthday. Yeah, so like, here's the

1109
01:01:07,200 --> 01:01:09,240
Speaker 1: head of your enemy and you just pour some massa

1110
01:01:09,320 --> 01:01:12,760
Speaker 1: tone on that styrofoam head. It's just oh no, it melts.

1111
01:01:13,400 --> 01:01:15,720
Speaker 1: So it works great for a special effect, but probably

1112
01:01:15,760 --> 01:01:17,960
Speaker 1: would not work for a real organism that wanted to

1113
01:01:18,080 --> 01:01:20,760
Speaker 1: melt through metal and plastic and all all of the

1114
01:01:20,800 --> 01:01:23,920
Speaker 1: other stuff that probably makes up a ship. Yeah, and

1115
01:01:24,080 --> 01:01:26,440
Speaker 1: one is a good Uh, it's a good verb to

1116
01:01:26,520 --> 01:01:28,840
Speaker 1: use here, because of course that brings up the question, well,

1117
01:01:28,840 --> 01:01:31,440
Speaker 1: how does this occur? It? Is this an evolved trade?

1118
01:01:31,560 --> 01:01:34,800
Speaker 1: Is this an engineered traite? But what is the origin

1119
01:01:34,880 --> 01:01:37,800
Speaker 1: of the xenomorph? Then? Uh? Depending on how these work.

1120
01:01:38,320 --> 01:01:41,640
Speaker 1: But I have I have a couple of proposals here, Okay,

1121
01:01:41,720 --> 01:01:43,440
Speaker 1: as to what could be going on with the xenomore.

1122
01:01:43,920 --> 01:01:48,080
Speaker 1: So my my first more modest and explosive proposition is

1123
01:01:48,160 --> 01:01:50,400
Speaker 1: this UH. And I'm sure that this doesn't match up

1124
01:01:50,400 --> 01:01:54,320
Speaker 1: to everybody's UH interpretation of the franchise or every entry

1125
01:01:54,320 --> 01:01:56,800
Speaker 1: of the franchise. But here's the Okay, So we see

1126
01:01:56,800 --> 01:01:59,600
Speaker 1: the thing bleeding acid when it's hard, right, you shoot it,

1127
01:01:59,640 --> 01:02:02,600
Speaker 1: cut whatever acid shoots out. And of course we also

1128
01:02:02,680 --> 01:02:05,240
Speaker 1: see it using the acid offensively occasions such as when

1129
01:02:05,240 --> 01:02:09,600
Speaker 1: that face hugger UH melt through the glass dome on

1130
01:02:09,640 --> 01:02:11,640
Speaker 1: the helmet. Oh yeah, I didn't have to cut itself

1131
01:02:11,680 --> 01:02:14,880
Speaker 1: to do right if somehow just utilized treated this. So

1132
01:02:15,160 --> 01:02:17,600
Speaker 1: what if this isn't the creature's blood at all, really

1133
01:02:17,680 --> 01:02:21,160
Speaker 1: not properly, but rather an acid stored throughout the body

1134
01:02:21,240 --> 01:02:24,440
Speaker 1: to react to physical harm UH that in turn harms

1135
01:02:24,440 --> 01:02:27,480
Speaker 1: the attacker. That's interesting because it wouldn't have to be

1136
01:02:27,520 --> 01:02:29,840
Speaker 1: the blood, would it. You wouldn't be This wouldn't have

1137
01:02:29,880 --> 01:02:33,640
Speaker 1: to be the substance that's circulating molecular oxygen to the

1138
01:02:33,640 --> 01:02:36,600
Speaker 1: body tissues, right, It wouldn't be serving other purposes in

1139
01:02:36,640 --> 01:02:40,640
Speaker 1: the body. It would be there expressly to rupture during

1140
01:02:40,680 --> 01:02:44,520
Speaker 1: physical harm to UH, to harm or destroy the attacker.

1141
01:02:44,840 --> 01:02:47,600
Speaker 1: And the thing is, we see something very similar, really

1142
01:02:47,640 --> 01:02:52,120
Speaker 1: identical in terrestrial termites and ants who also serve a queen.

1143
01:02:52,160 --> 01:02:53,800
Speaker 1: You know, they also I mean that the termite had

1144
01:02:53,800 --> 01:02:59,480
Speaker 1: a huge influence on especially aliens. So um, so we

1145
01:02:59,560 --> 01:03:03,160
Speaker 1: call this sub process this practice autopsis, and this is

1146
01:03:03,160 --> 01:03:06,160
Speaker 1: the process by which a natural world organism destroys itself

1147
01:03:06,480 --> 01:03:09,400
Speaker 1: via the internal rupturing of an oregon or gland that

1148
01:03:09,480 --> 01:03:12,680
Speaker 1: in turn ruptures the skin. So it's a purely muscular

1149
01:03:12,800 --> 01:03:17,919
Speaker 1: exercise caused by deliberate contractions around the engorged tissue. Fascinating. Yeah,

1150
01:03:17,960 --> 01:03:19,520
Speaker 1: I mean it's crazy because this is the kind of

1151
01:03:19,520 --> 01:03:23,200
Speaker 1: thing that apparently evolved from pooping on your enemy. Like

1152
01:03:23,520 --> 01:03:25,600
Speaker 1: what started off is like poop on the enemy when

1153
01:03:25,600 --> 01:03:29,160
Speaker 1: they attacked and defensive defecation. But then it becomes like,

1154
01:03:29,280 --> 01:03:30,720
Speaker 1: if you can't get that poop out of the ain

1155
01:03:30,840 --> 01:03:34,120
Speaker 1: is fast enough, just like make it rupture through your body.

1156
01:03:34,480 --> 01:03:38,960
Speaker 1: And that has steadily evolved over time into more complex

1157
01:03:39,000 --> 01:03:44,280
Speaker 1: modes of self rupturing and the body buster par excellence

1158
01:03:44,320 --> 01:03:49,480
Speaker 1: here is Neo caapa termes tarracula, and this is um.

1159
01:03:49,520 --> 01:03:53,360
Speaker 1: This is a fabulous organism. So the species workers grow

1160
01:03:53,520 --> 01:03:58,240
Speaker 1: abdominal sacks of toxic blue crystals throughout their lives. But

1161
01:03:58,320 --> 01:04:01,880
Speaker 1: these explosive backpack to some studies refer to them, are

1162
01:04:01,920 --> 01:04:05,200
Speaker 1: are most pronounced and elderly workers. So so as they

1163
01:04:05,240 --> 01:04:07,600
Speaker 1: become less useful to the colony, and that sort of

1164
01:04:07,640 --> 01:04:10,760
Speaker 1: turn into the suicide bombers exactly like you know you

1165
01:04:10,800 --> 01:04:14,000
Speaker 1: don't have you have dull and useless mannibles, you really know,

1166
01:04:14,280 --> 01:04:16,960
Speaker 1: not that much use, but you've become a stockpile for

1167
01:04:17,120 --> 01:04:21,480
Speaker 1: toxic substances, and that becomes your purpose when enemies invade

1168
01:04:22,320 --> 01:04:25,400
Speaker 1: the termite mound. Uh, the the end they just rushed for,

1169
01:04:25,480 --> 01:04:28,800
Speaker 1: where the invaders then bite into their bodies, and that's

1170
01:04:28,800 --> 01:04:33,200
Speaker 1: when the blue crystals combine with salivary secretions to produce

1171
01:04:33,240 --> 01:04:38,720
Speaker 1: a deadly chemical weapon. Huh. So that would mean that

1172
01:04:38,760 --> 01:04:41,120
Speaker 1: the the xenomorph here would simply boast a system of

1173
01:04:41,160 --> 01:04:44,520
Speaker 1: pressurized acid tubes and it's it is merely the rupture

1174
01:04:44,560 --> 01:04:46,880
Speaker 1: of those tubes that we see, uh, and and is

1175
01:04:46,920 --> 01:04:49,400
Speaker 1: therefore an act of autopices. So this would be like

1176
01:04:49,520 --> 01:04:54,080
Speaker 1: highly concentrated stomach acid or something else that has evolved

1177
01:04:54,080 --> 01:04:56,240
Speaker 1: into this defensive mode. Yeah, and of course we do

1178
01:04:56,320 --> 01:04:59,360
Speaker 1: see from our own stomach. So, like we talked about earlier,

1179
01:04:59,360 --> 01:05:01,760
Speaker 1: that it's possible for a body to contain within it

1180
01:05:02,080 --> 01:05:05,520
Speaker 1: some uh, some concentration of acid that would be very

1181
01:05:05,600 --> 01:05:08,480
Speaker 1: damaging if we encountered it externally or in the wrong

1182
01:05:08,520 --> 01:05:12,240
Speaker 1: part of the body. You just need specialized cells along

1183
01:05:12,280 --> 01:05:16,520
Speaker 1: whatever you know, body's tissues containing it to to buffer

1184
01:05:16,560 --> 01:05:19,320
Speaker 1: it essentially to keep it, uh from reacting with the

1185
01:05:19,320 --> 01:05:22,520
Speaker 1: rest of the body exactly. Now, of course, all of

1186
01:05:22,560 --> 01:05:25,600
Speaker 1: this is taking a very terrestrial approach to it. It's

1187
01:05:25,640 --> 01:05:29,360
Speaker 1: taking a very carbon biased, water biased approach. But of

1188
01:05:29,400 --> 01:05:33,640
Speaker 1: course not all modes of life, not all biochemistry is

1189
01:05:33,720 --> 01:05:38,320
Speaker 1: out there, are necessarily based on carbon or based on water.

1190
01:05:39,000 --> 01:05:40,480
Speaker 1: So we might have to take it a bit bit further.

1191
01:05:40,600 --> 01:05:43,520
Speaker 1: What sort of organism might have blood that is either

1192
01:05:43,640 --> 01:05:49,840
Speaker 1: incidentally or adaptively corrosive at least to our sort of flesh. Well,

1193
01:05:50,720 --> 01:05:54,200
Speaker 1: perhaps they're silicon based life forms as opposed to carbon based.

1194
01:05:54,640 --> 01:05:57,200
Speaker 1: So even here on Earth we have solicit acid, which

1195
01:05:57,240 --> 01:05:59,920
Speaker 1: is very weak acid in our hair, our nails, or

1196
01:06:00,040 --> 01:06:04,920
Speaker 1: but dermist. Uh, So it seems conceivable that this, or

1197
01:06:04,960 --> 01:06:11,000
Speaker 1: perhaps hexafluoro silsilic acid might play into a silicone based

1198
01:06:11,280 --> 01:06:14,840
Speaker 1: xenomorphs anatomy. Huh. And this is the exact sort of

1199
01:06:14,840 --> 01:06:17,440
Speaker 1: biochemistry that could enable a life form to thrive in

1200
01:06:17,480 --> 01:06:21,520
Speaker 1: a sulfuric acid rich environment. Now, I'm not sure it

1201
01:06:21,600 --> 01:06:23,880
Speaker 1: could be as potent as what we see in the films,

1202
01:06:23,920 --> 01:06:25,480
Speaker 1: but this is an area where I think, you know,

1203
01:06:25,520 --> 01:06:28,040
Speaker 1: there any biochemist listening off to weigh in on that

1204
01:06:28,080 --> 01:06:31,680
Speaker 1: for us? Yeah, well, I mean, how how reactive would

1205
01:06:31,680 --> 01:06:34,400
Speaker 1: an acid or whatever the chemical is. Maybe it's a

1206
01:06:34,440 --> 01:06:37,680
Speaker 1: strong base actually that it's releasing. How strong would it

1207
01:06:37,720 --> 01:06:40,320
Speaker 1: have to be to really eat through the hule that fast?

1208
01:06:40,400 --> 01:06:42,760
Speaker 1: Is there any chemical that would really eat through the

1209
01:06:42,760 --> 01:06:45,400
Speaker 1: whole that fast? I don't know about that. Maybe what

1210
01:06:45,720 --> 01:06:49,360
Speaker 1: if it has the fluoro antimonic acid in it? And

1211
01:06:49,440 --> 01:06:51,440
Speaker 1: you know, the thing is for a defense, you know,

1212
01:06:51,480 --> 01:06:54,480
Speaker 1: if you're if you're thinking about something that has evolved,

1213
01:06:54,520 --> 01:06:57,360
Speaker 1: this as a basic defense against human oid creatures that

1214
01:06:57,400 --> 01:07:00,560
Speaker 1: are there at least semi human like, all you would need.

1215
01:07:00,600 --> 01:07:03,000
Speaker 1: You wouldn't need a very strong acid or base at

1216
01:07:03,000 --> 01:07:05,080
Speaker 1: all to just like get in their eyes and give

1217
01:07:05,120 --> 01:07:07,600
Speaker 1: you a moment's advantage in some sort of an altercation.

1218
01:07:08,320 --> 01:07:12,400
Speaker 1: But it seems as if it's an organism perfectly conceived

1219
01:07:12,440 --> 01:07:17,320
Speaker 1: to be unkillable on a spaceship for plot purposes. Indeed,

1220
01:07:17,400 --> 01:07:20,600
Speaker 1: it is a perfect organism. Now, some experts, including the

1221
01:07:21,080 --> 01:07:25,720
Speaker 1: late great Carl Saken, have speculated that alternate astrobiologies could

1222
01:07:25,760 --> 01:07:29,320
Speaker 1: still entail carbon but depend on something other than water.

1223
01:07:29,520 --> 01:07:35,080
Speaker 1: Is the solvent such as ammonia or perhaps hydrofluoric acid. Yeah,

1224
01:07:35,120 --> 01:07:37,160
Speaker 1: and of course this is crazy because we we mentioned

1225
01:07:37,200 --> 01:07:41,640
Speaker 1: the face hugger burning through the presumably glass helmet, and

1226
01:07:41,800 --> 01:07:43,880
Speaker 1: uh and what does hydroflulic acid do? But it can

1227
01:07:43,880 --> 01:07:46,560
Speaker 1: break down glass, as we mentioned. Yeah, of course, now

1228
01:07:46,560 --> 01:07:49,200
Speaker 1: it does take a while. Again, one of the things

1229
01:07:49,240 --> 01:07:52,480
Speaker 1: that's always not quite matching up right between the movie

1230
01:07:52,520 --> 01:07:55,240
Speaker 1: acid and the acid in the in the real experiments

1231
01:07:55,240 --> 01:07:57,920
Speaker 1: we're talking about is just rapidity. It's just the time

1232
01:07:57,960 --> 01:08:00,960
Speaker 1: it takes to dissolve things, right, everything instant in the films,

1233
01:08:00,960 --> 01:08:02,720
Speaker 1: and it just it doesn't seem to be that way

1234
01:08:02,720 --> 01:08:05,080
Speaker 1: with real chemistry. So here's a quote from Sagan in

1235
01:08:05,160 --> 01:08:09,680
Speaker 1: nineteen eighties Cosmos, his book. Perhaps elsewhere some solvent other

1236
01:08:09,760 --> 01:08:13,280
Speaker 1: than water is used, hydrofluoric acid might serve rather well,

1237
01:08:13,760 --> 01:08:15,760
Speaker 1: Although there is not a great deal of fluorine in

1238
01:08:15,800 --> 01:08:19,320
Speaker 1: the Cosmos hydrofluoric acid would do a great deal of

1239
01:08:19,400 --> 01:08:22,040
Speaker 1: damage to the kind of molecules that make us up.

1240
01:08:22,439 --> 01:08:27,200
Speaker 1: But other organic molecules paraffin waxes, for example, are perfectly

1241
01:08:27,240 --> 01:08:30,400
Speaker 1: stable in its presence. I like your Carl Sagan voice.

1242
01:08:30,439 --> 01:08:33,720
Speaker 1: It's it's it's not that great of a voice. We

1243
01:08:33,760 --> 01:08:35,760
Speaker 1: really know what we need is we need Chuck to

1244
01:08:35,800 --> 01:08:38,599
Speaker 1: come in and do his kermit the frog voice, which

1245
01:08:38,640 --> 01:08:41,439
Speaker 1: I think also sounds very sagany. I don't think I've

1246
01:08:41,439 --> 01:08:43,160
Speaker 1: ever heard that. Oh you should, you should ask him

1247
01:08:43,240 --> 01:08:45,720
Speaker 1: to do a little kermit, but read some cosmos. I

1248
01:08:45,720 --> 01:08:48,479
Speaker 1: think your Carl Sagan is pretty good man. Don't don't

1249
01:08:48,479 --> 01:08:51,320
Speaker 1: put yourself down, all right. Well, you know, well Sagan

1250
01:08:51,439 --> 01:08:53,559
Speaker 1: is not the only one to chime in on this. Uh.

1251
01:08:53,680 --> 01:08:56,920
Speaker 1: Plenty of other biochemists have also looked at, you know,

1252
01:08:57,120 --> 01:09:02,720
Speaker 1: possible alternate biochemistries, and they've presented sulfuric acid as a possibility.

1253
01:09:03,040 --> 01:09:06,560
Speaker 1: So it's certainly more cosmically common, you know, So it

1254
01:09:06,760 --> 01:09:09,479
Speaker 1: would it would make sense. In the two thousand seven

1255
01:09:09,520 --> 01:09:13,479
Speaker 1: book The Limits of Organic Life in Planetary Systems, and

1256
01:09:13,520 --> 01:09:17,120
Speaker 1: this is a book by a number of authors. It's

1257
01:09:17,280 --> 01:09:20,360
Speaker 1: it's it's credited authors are the Committee on the Limits

1258
01:09:20,360 --> 01:09:25,040
Speaker 1: of Organic Life and Planetary Systems UM, the National Research Council,

1259
01:09:25,040 --> 01:09:26,559
Speaker 1: and a few other bodies. I'm not going to list

1260
01:09:26,560 --> 01:09:31,479
Speaker 1: them all, but in a chapter titled Hawai Water Toward

1261
01:09:31,600 --> 01:09:35,960
Speaker 1: More Exotic Habitats, they state the following quote, Sulfuric acid

1262
01:09:36,040 --> 01:09:40,240
Speaker 1: is a reasonably good solvent that supports chemical reactivity. Sulfuric

1263
01:09:40,280 --> 01:09:44,200
Speaker 1: acid is known to exist above Venus, where three cloud

1264
01:09:44,280 --> 01:09:49,080
Speaker 1: layers at kilometers are composed mostly of aerosols of sulfuric acid,

1265
01:09:49,120 --> 01:09:52,240
Speaker 1: about eight in the upper layer and the nine percent

1266
01:09:52,320 --> 01:09:56,680
Speaker 1: in the lower layer. The temperature about three kelvin at

1267
01:09:56,680 --> 01:10:00,840
Speaker 1: about fifty kilometers altitude at about one point five a

1268
01:10:00,920 --> 01:10:05,280
Speaker 1: t m is consistent with stable carbon to carbon covalent bonds.

1269
01:10:05,800 --> 01:10:08,519
Speaker 1: So the take home here is that, yes, it is

1270
01:10:08,600 --> 01:10:12,879
Speaker 1: conceivable that we would have a a a carbon based

1271
01:10:12,880 --> 01:10:17,559
Speaker 1: life form in which the solvent is sulphuric acid. It's

1272
01:10:17,600 --> 01:10:21,320
Speaker 1: reasonable now whether that life could actually match up to

1273
01:10:21,600 --> 01:10:25,960
Speaker 1: the just profound the standards that we set with the

1274
01:10:26,040 --> 01:10:30,200
Speaker 1: xenomorph that's another issue. Yeah, are you are you breaking

1275
01:10:30,200 --> 01:10:32,360
Speaker 1: my heart? Robert? Are you telling me that there's probably

1276
01:10:32,360 --> 01:10:36,120
Speaker 1: not a xenomorph anywhere in our Solar system. I'm saying

1277
01:10:36,200 --> 01:10:41,719
Speaker 1: that the xenomorph exists in the realm of forms. Yeah,

1278
01:10:41,760 --> 01:10:44,479
Speaker 1: and but the universe that we live in, it's it

1279
01:10:44,600 --> 01:10:46,680
Speaker 1: may be at least willing to meet us halfway. Well,

1280
01:10:46,720 --> 01:10:49,400
Speaker 1: even a pale imitation of a xenomorph would be welcome

1281
01:10:49,479 --> 01:10:52,519
Speaker 1: to my ears. Yes, so my eyes as it burned

1282
01:10:52,520 --> 01:10:55,040
Speaker 1: them out. So if you yeah, if you lived to

1283
01:10:55,040 --> 01:10:57,680
Speaker 1: be um you know, several thousand years old, your your

1284
01:10:57,720 --> 01:11:02,080
Speaker 1: life prolonged by all the areas technology is available to you,

1285
01:11:02,280 --> 01:11:04,639
Speaker 1: and you set yourself on the perfect death. You want

1286
01:11:04,680 --> 01:11:08,760
Speaker 1: to die the the the acidic blood of of of

1287
01:11:08,760 --> 01:11:13,200
Speaker 1: an alien species. There is maybe some hope. So Robert,

1288
01:11:13,240 --> 01:11:16,840
Speaker 1: I've enjoyed exploring this with you because I've always loved

1289
01:11:16,920 --> 01:11:19,800
Speaker 1: movie Acid, and I wonder what it is that captivates

1290
01:11:19,880 --> 01:11:21,439
Speaker 1: us so much about acid. I want to go back

1291
01:11:21,439 --> 01:11:23,640
Speaker 1: to that question. I started with, why you know they

1292
01:11:23,760 --> 01:11:25,920
Speaker 1: so they put Batman in the bank vault. Oh no,

1293
01:11:26,080 --> 01:11:29,920
Speaker 1: it's boiling acid. It could have been boiling water or

1294
01:11:29,960 --> 01:11:33,040
Speaker 1: even room temperature water, and it still would have killed him,

1295
01:11:33,080 --> 01:11:36,200
Speaker 1: but that wouldn't be nearly as interesting. For some reason,

1296
01:11:36,240 --> 01:11:39,680
Speaker 1: we want acid. Why is acid so interesting as a

1297
01:11:39,680 --> 01:11:41,400
Speaker 1: way to kill people when you could get the same

1298
01:11:41,439 --> 01:11:45,320
Speaker 1: thing done with just a hot uh normal liquid. You know,

1299
01:11:45,360 --> 01:11:49,000
Speaker 1: it could be hot uh bleach. I mean, well yeah,

1300
01:11:49,040 --> 01:11:50,920
Speaker 1: that would be that would be a pretty weird, interesting

1301
01:11:50,920 --> 01:11:53,559
Speaker 1: way to kill people. But hot water, boiling water that

1302
01:11:54,080 --> 01:11:56,519
Speaker 1: people would be like, huh, why why didn't you go

1303
01:11:56,560 --> 01:11:58,920
Speaker 1: to acid? Well, because well, for one thing, boiling water

1304
01:11:58,960 --> 01:12:01,680
Speaker 1: is every day, right or not every day. It's like

1305
01:12:01,760 --> 01:12:04,200
Speaker 1: even like most people have some experience of putting the

1306
01:12:04,200 --> 01:12:06,800
Speaker 1: macaroni in the boiling water. Yeah, yeah, And I think

1307
01:12:06,800 --> 01:12:10,599
Speaker 1: that's right. I think heating. Heating is a method of

1308
01:12:10,960 --> 01:12:14,200
Speaker 1: changing the chemical nature of something that's very familiar to us.

1309
01:12:14,200 --> 01:12:16,920
Speaker 1: Whereas the chemical reactions that take place in the bond

1310
01:12:16,960 --> 01:12:20,200
Speaker 1: breaking that takes place when you've got an acid solution

1311
01:12:20,240 --> 01:12:23,360
Speaker 1: of water, that that's something that's less familiar to us.

1312
01:12:23,439 --> 01:12:26,599
Speaker 1: We don't understand what's going on there. And for that reason,

1313
01:12:26,760 --> 01:12:29,479
Speaker 1: it's kind of like magic. Yeah, it's to the the

1314
01:12:29,560 --> 01:12:33,880
Speaker 1: average viewer, like a bad guy. Dissolving an acid makes

1315
01:12:33,960 --> 01:12:37,640
Speaker 1: as much scientific sense as one ron silver touching on

1316
01:12:37,720 --> 01:12:40,800
Speaker 1: another ron silver in time cop and then becoming a

1317
01:12:40,840 --> 01:12:45,519
Speaker 1: big red goo of melt. But yeah, that's why they're

1318
01:12:45,560 --> 01:12:49,120
Speaker 1: both wonderful. That they capture the magic of nonsense exactly.

1319
01:12:49,120 --> 01:12:53,160
Speaker 1: They put it right into your face or on the face. Hey,

1320
01:12:53,200 --> 01:12:56,800
Speaker 1: so there you have it, Hollywood acid. Uh so again,

1321
01:12:56,840 --> 01:12:58,479
Speaker 1: you want to check out more episodes of the podcast,

1322
01:12:58,479 --> 01:13:00,240
Speaker 1: You want to check out the links we're talking about

1323
01:13:00,240 --> 01:13:02,280
Speaker 1: some related material head and over stuff to Blow your

1324
01:13:02,280 --> 01:13:04,920
Speaker 1: Mind dot com. That's we'll find our podcast, including this

1325
01:13:04,960 --> 01:13:07,040
Speaker 1: one the landing page. Watch some cool links to relate

1326
01:13:07,080 --> 01:13:08,759
Speaker 1: a kind of on the site and off the site.

1327
01:13:09,240 --> 01:13:11,599
Speaker 1: The website will also have videos, blog post links out

1328
01:13:11,600 --> 01:13:14,080
Speaker 1: to our social media accounts such as Facebook and Twitter.

1329
01:13:14,160 --> 01:13:15,800
Speaker 1: We are blow the mind on both of those were

1330
01:13:15,800 --> 01:13:18,920
Speaker 1: stuff to Blow your Mind on Tumbler and Instagram, I believe,

1331
01:13:19,040 --> 01:13:21,200
Speaker 1: so check those out as well. And if you want

1332
01:13:21,240 --> 01:13:22,920
Speaker 1: to get in touch with us with feedback on this

1333
01:13:22,960 --> 01:13:24,840
Speaker 1: episode or any other, or you want to let us

1334
01:13:24,880 --> 01:13:27,280
Speaker 1: know what your questions or ideas are, you can always

1335
01:13:27,320 --> 01:13:29,600
Speaker 1: email us that blow the mind of how support is

1336
01:13:29,600 --> 01:13:40,879
Speaker 1: stuck For more on this than thousands of other topics

1337
01:13:41,120 --> 01:14:02,120
Speaker 1: is that how stuff works dot Com had a time

1338
01:14:02,240 --> 01:14:02,680
Speaker 1: back by