1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:02,840 Speaker 1: Hello everyone, it's Eves checking in here to let you 2 00:00:02,880 --> 00:00:04,960 Speaker 1: know that you're going to be hearing two different events 3 00:00:04,960 --> 00:00:07,400 Speaker 1: in history in this episode. They're both good, if I 4 00:00:07,440 --> 00:00:12,039 Speaker 1: do say so myself. On with the show. Hey, I'm Eves, 5 00:00:12,600 --> 00:00:15,800 Speaker 1: and welcome to this Day in History Class, a show 6 00:00:15,880 --> 00:00:29,120 Speaker 1: that uncovers history one day at a time. The day 7 00:00:29,360 --> 00:00:35,680 Speaker 1: was February nine, nine seven. About three thousand women from 8 00:00:35,680 --> 00:00:39,960 Speaker 1: more than forty suffrage organizations marched from Hyde Park to 9 00:00:40,120 --> 00:00:43,720 Speaker 1: Exeter Hall in London to advocate for women's right to vote. 10 00:00:45,000 --> 00:00:49,040 Speaker 1: The National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies, or in u 11 00:00:49,120 --> 00:00:52,720 Speaker 1: w s S, had organized the United Procession of Women, 12 00:00:53,240 --> 00:00:58,480 Speaker 1: as it was officially called, led by suffragist Milicent Fawcett, 13 00:00:59,080 --> 00:01:03,920 Speaker 1: Lady Jane's j G, Lady Francis Balfour, and Kier Hardy, 14 00:01:04,080 --> 00:01:08,480 Speaker 1: and organized by Lady Jane's daughter Philippas JC. The march 15 00:01:08,680 --> 00:01:11,959 Speaker 1: was the first of a series of open air processions 16 00:01:11,959 --> 00:01:16,400 Speaker 1: that were meant to bring attention to the cause. Because 17 00:01:16,480 --> 00:01:20,040 Speaker 1: of the dreary, rainy weather that day, this event became 18 00:01:20,080 --> 00:01:23,920 Speaker 1: known as the mud March. But even though the marching 19 00:01:23,920 --> 00:01:27,760 Speaker 1: women had to check through muddy, rain soaked streets, the 20 00:01:27,800 --> 00:01:32,399 Speaker 1: event was still successful at drawing large crowds of spectators, 21 00:01:33,040 --> 00:01:38,840 Speaker 1: increasing awareness about the movement and affecting future change. The 22 00:01:38,959 --> 00:01:45,039 Speaker 1: National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies formed in eight and 23 00:01:45,120 --> 00:01:50,200 Speaker 1: Milicent Fawcett headed up the organization, which created petitions, held 24 00:01:50,320 --> 00:01:55,360 Speaker 1: public meetings, handed out literature, and used other non confrontational 25 00:01:55,400 --> 00:01:59,400 Speaker 1: means to sway public opinion and convince governments that women 26 00:01:59,480 --> 00:02:03,240 Speaker 1: should have the right to vote. At the same time, 27 00:02:03,680 --> 00:02:06,320 Speaker 1: many others who believed women should be able to vote 28 00:02:06,680 --> 00:02:09,760 Speaker 1: did not jibe with the constitutionalist methods of the n 29 00:02:09,840 --> 00:02:14,880 Speaker 1: u w s S and other organizations, so the Suffragets 30 00:02:15,080 --> 00:02:18,720 Speaker 1: emerged on the opposite end of the spectrum from the Suffragists. 31 00:02:20,560 --> 00:02:25,240 Speaker 1: In nineteen o three, Imminent Pankhurst founded the Women's Social 32 00:02:25,280 --> 00:02:28,880 Speaker 1: and Political Union, which grew to include a lot more 33 00:02:28,960 --> 00:02:32,280 Speaker 1: working class women and used direct action to get their 34 00:02:32,320 --> 00:02:37,280 Speaker 1: point across. The Suffragetts, as members of this organization came 35 00:02:37,320 --> 00:02:42,840 Speaker 1: to be known, interrupted political meetings, heckled government officials, chained 36 00:02:42,919 --> 00:02:48,040 Speaker 1: themselves to railings, destroyed property, staged hunger strikes while they 37 00:02:48,040 --> 00:02:52,160 Speaker 1: were in prison, and were otherwise super militant in their advocacy. 38 00:02:53,639 --> 00:02:59,040 Speaker 1: The organization's motto Deeds not words pretty much sums up 39 00:02:59,040 --> 00:03:03,520 Speaker 1: with the suffragets were all about. These women were often 40 00:03:03,639 --> 00:03:09,639 Speaker 1: decried as violent, called names like shrieking sisterhood, and even assaulted. 41 00:03:11,000 --> 00:03:14,120 Speaker 1: Not all suffragettes agreed with the direct action tactics in 42 00:03:14,160 --> 00:03:18,240 Speaker 1: the Pancurts leadership, though, and eventually the Women's Social and 43 00:03:18,320 --> 00:03:23,680 Speaker 1: Political Union split. Needless to say, the movement for women's 44 00:03:23,720 --> 00:03:29,280 Speaker 1: suffrage in the United Kingdom was fractured. But despite the 45 00:03:29,360 --> 00:03:34,760 Speaker 1: differences in thought and approach among all the organizations, suffragists 46 00:03:34,800 --> 00:03:40,080 Speaker 1: and suffragettes recognize their common goal. That was to get 47 00:03:40,200 --> 00:03:44,880 Speaker 1: some women the vote. I say some women because the 48 00:03:44,960 --> 00:03:49,480 Speaker 1: people fighting for women's suffrage often just wanted property owning 49 00:03:49,480 --> 00:03:53,480 Speaker 1: women to be able to cast their votes. Anyway, the 50 00:03:53,560 --> 00:03:58,000 Speaker 1: suffragists wanted to prove that they too could mobilize a strong, 51 00:03:58,200 --> 00:04:03,280 Speaker 1: attention grabbing protest, and they wanted to persuade Parliament that 52 00:04:03,320 --> 00:04:06,480 Speaker 1: women were totally behind the idea of suffrage and that 53 00:04:06,560 --> 00:04:09,240 Speaker 1: it was a good idea to enact legislation around it. 54 00:04:10,680 --> 00:04:14,560 Speaker 1: So in November nineteen o six, the Central Society for 55 00:04:14,640 --> 00:04:19,039 Speaker 1: Women's Suffrage proposed a demonstration that would happen around the 56 00:04:19,120 --> 00:04:24,560 Speaker 1: same time the next session of Parliament opened in Philippa Stracy, 57 00:04:24,680 --> 00:04:28,520 Speaker 1: Lady Stracy's daughter, set to work on organizing a march. 58 00:04:29,880 --> 00:04:32,880 Speaker 1: The goal was to bring together a bunch of suffrage 59 00:04:32,880 --> 00:04:35,960 Speaker 1: societies to participate in the march, but that was not 60 00:04:36,120 --> 00:04:39,839 Speaker 1: an easy task because a lot of those groups disagreed 61 00:04:39,880 --> 00:04:44,800 Speaker 1: with one another on suffrage issues. In fact, the Women's 62 00:04:44,839 --> 00:04:48,720 Speaker 1: Social and Political Union was not officially invited to the 63 00:04:48,720 --> 00:04:53,600 Speaker 1: march because groups like the British Women's Temperance Association refused 64 00:04:53,600 --> 00:04:58,200 Speaker 1: to show up if they were But regardless of hostilities, 65 00:04:58,680 --> 00:05:03,520 Speaker 1: the show went on. The Artists Suffrage League was established 66 00:05:03,600 --> 00:05:08,320 Speaker 1: in January nineteen oh seven to create posters, postcards and 67 00:05:08,360 --> 00:05:12,520 Speaker 1: banners for the procession, and the march started near Hyde 68 00:05:12,560 --> 00:05:17,880 Speaker 1: Park Corner on February nine, nineteen o seven. There was 69 00:05:17,920 --> 00:05:23,919 Speaker 1: a band watching, crowds, decorated cars and carriages, scheduled speakers 70 00:05:23,960 --> 00:05:27,680 Speaker 1: and women from all walks of life. Though I might 71 00:05:27,760 --> 00:05:30,000 Speaker 1: add that the role of women of color in the 72 00:05:30,040 --> 00:05:35,240 Speaker 1: British Women's suffrage movement is hardly noted. But the marchers 73 00:05:35,240 --> 00:05:39,320 Speaker 1: and spectators stuck it out through the ugly weather, even 74 00:05:39,320 --> 00:05:42,279 Speaker 1: though the march wasn't as much of a spectacle as 75 00:05:42,320 --> 00:05:46,040 Speaker 1: say the smashing windows and setting off bombs that some 76 00:05:46,160 --> 00:05:50,200 Speaker 1: suffragettes were known for, it still was a very public 77 00:05:50,240 --> 00:05:55,880 Speaker 1: act of defiance. At the time, the social expectation was 78 00:05:55,920 --> 00:05:59,080 Speaker 1: still kind of this idea that women should be seen 79 00:05:59,200 --> 00:06:02,279 Speaker 1: and not her and taking to the streets to protest 80 00:06:02,640 --> 00:06:07,200 Speaker 1: wasn't exactly the most respectable thing to do. Many women 81 00:06:07,320 --> 00:06:11,560 Speaker 1: expected to lose their jobs, damaged their reputations, and be 82 00:06:11,680 --> 00:06:15,200 Speaker 1: shamed if they marched, which made the march that much 83 00:06:15,200 --> 00:06:20,760 Speaker 1: more exciting and Worthwhile the march got a considerable amount 84 00:06:20,760 --> 00:06:25,279 Speaker 1: of press, both positive and negative, and Member of Parliament 85 00:06:25,279 --> 00:06:29,559 Speaker 1: Willoughby Dickinson did introduce a bill that would extend voting 86 00:06:29,640 --> 00:06:33,440 Speaker 1: rights to some women that same month, though it floundered, 87 00:06:34,839 --> 00:06:37,560 Speaker 1: but the march was the largest of his kind at 88 00:06:37,560 --> 00:06:41,839 Speaker 1: the time, and it spawned other large scale processions in 89 00:06:41,880 --> 00:06:46,279 Speaker 1: the women's suffrage movement. A segment of women over the 90 00:06:46,320 --> 00:06:48,640 Speaker 1: age of thirty won the right to vote in the 91 00:06:48,720 --> 00:06:53,120 Speaker 1: United Kingdom in nineteen eighteen, and suffrage was extended to 92 00:06:53,200 --> 00:06:59,360 Speaker 1: everyone over age one in nineteen I'm Eve Steff Coote 93 00:06:59,680 --> 00:07:02,000 Speaker 1: and hope fully you know a little more about history 94 00:07:02,040 --> 00:07:08,279 Speaker 1: today than you did yesterday. Here's a cool little tipit 95 00:07:08,320 --> 00:07:11,360 Speaker 1: that I found while I was researching this episode, and 96 00:07:11,400 --> 00:07:14,960 Speaker 1: that's that. The term suffragette was supposed to be this 97 00:07:15,120 --> 00:07:19,160 Speaker 1: term of derision, but as happens with a lot of terms, 98 00:07:19,720 --> 00:07:22,480 Speaker 1: the group that it was meant to offend co opted 99 00:07:22,520 --> 00:07:25,960 Speaker 1: it and made it their own. So the suffix et 100 00:07:26,680 --> 00:07:30,360 Speaker 1: is meant to be a kind of diminutive, but some 101 00:07:30,440 --> 00:07:34,720 Speaker 1: Suffragettes switched up the meaning of that suffix. For instance, 102 00:07:35,120 --> 00:07:39,480 Speaker 1: Lady Hugh Bill said that that et suffix should be 103 00:07:39,520 --> 00:07:43,240 Speaker 1: turned into jet, which could refer to the jet of 104 00:07:43,360 --> 00:07:48,760 Speaker 1: enthusiasm and the suffrage movement, and the pank Hurst suggested 105 00:07:48,840 --> 00:07:53,400 Speaker 1: that jet that suffix could instead be pronounced as get, 106 00:07:53,880 --> 00:07:58,480 Speaker 1: as in get the vote. See you tomorrow for another episode. 107 00:08:00,760 --> 00:08:02,960 Speaker 1: You can subscribe to This Day in History Class on 108 00:08:03,000 --> 00:08:06,400 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, the I Heart Radio app, or wherever you 109 00:08:06,440 --> 00:08:21,320 Speaker 1: get your podcasts. Hello again, I'm Eves and you're listening 110 00:08:21,440 --> 00:08:24,240 Speaker 1: to This Day in History Class, a show where we 111 00:08:24,320 --> 00:08:33,920 Speaker 1: dropped history knowledge every single day. The day was February nine, 112 00:08:34,000 --> 00:08:39,439 Speaker 1: nine nine. Singer, dancer and actress Carmen Miranda was born. 113 00:08:40,600 --> 00:08:43,120 Speaker 1: Miranda was known for the fruit hat and costumes that 114 00:08:43,200 --> 00:08:47,240 Speaker 1: she wore in her films. Miranda was born Maria Ducarma 115 00:08:47,360 --> 00:08:50,719 Speaker 1: Miranda da Cuna in Portugal. She was christened with the 116 00:08:50,840 --> 00:08:54,680 Speaker 1: nickname Carmen and her childhood reportedly after the opera of 117 00:08:54,720 --> 00:08:58,240 Speaker 1: the same name by George Baze. When she was a 118 00:08:58,280 --> 00:09:01,920 Speaker 1: small child, her parents moved the family to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 119 00:09:02,640 --> 00:09:06,800 Speaker 1: There her father worked as a salesman and barber. Carmen 120 00:09:06,840 --> 00:09:09,920 Speaker 1: was raised in a strict Roman Catholic household. She went 121 00:09:09,960 --> 00:09:13,080 Speaker 1: to the convent school of Santa Todasin, but by age 122 00:09:13,160 --> 00:09:17,320 Speaker 1: fourteen she was working to help support the family. Carmen 123 00:09:17,360 --> 00:09:20,920 Speaker 1: gained an interest in singing and dancing early on. For 124 00:09:21,000 --> 00:09:24,319 Speaker 1: a while she worked as a department store model. In salesperson, 125 00:09:25,240 --> 00:09:28,600 Speaker 1: she would sing songs for her coworkers, and eventually a 126 00:09:28,640 --> 00:09:31,760 Speaker 1: guitarist invited her to sing with him on a radio show. 127 00:09:32,840 --> 00:09:36,600 Speaker 1: An American record label soon offered her a contract, and 128 00:09:36,679 --> 00:09:40,920 Speaker 1: she began recording songs and getting offers to perform at nightclubs. 129 00:09:41,920 --> 00:09:45,079 Speaker 1: So her father was initially against Carmen being a performer. 130 00:09:45,600 --> 00:09:49,600 Speaker 1: Carmen continued to record songs with composer and violinist Josua 131 00:09:49,840 --> 00:09:53,840 Speaker 1: ju Bajos. Her early records struggled to gain an audience, 132 00:09:54,160 --> 00:09:57,920 Speaker 1: but by nineteen thirty she had recorded Pravose Go Star 133 00:09:58,000 --> 00:10:01,000 Speaker 1: did You Meme, a traditional Brazili in Marches song by 134 00:10:01,040 --> 00:10:05,400 Speaker 1: composer Joebert Jouke Curvaljo. At that point, Miranda and her 135 00:10:05,440 --> 00:10:08,920 Speaker 1: singing style became more popular. She made her on screen 136 00:10:08,960 --> 00:10:13,400 Speaker 1: debut in the short film AVOs Giuccarnoval, which was released 137 00:10:13,400 --> 00:10:17,559 Speaker 1: in three Two years later, she appeared in her first 138 00:10:17,679 --> 00:10:22,440 Speaker 1: feature film, 'allo 'allo rassil. She continued to make more 139 00:10:22,480 --> 00:10:26,120 Speaker 1: films and toured across South America, usually backed by her 140 00:10:26,120 --> 00:10:31,439 Speaker 1: own band, named Banda Daluna. By ninety nine, she had 141 00:10:31,480 --> 00:10:35,000 Speaker 1: made hundreds of records and had become a celebrity throughout 142 00:10:35,000 --> 00:10:40,080 Speaker 1: the continent. When Philadelphia theater manager Lee Schubert saw Miranda 143 00:10:40,120 --> 00:10:43,120 Speaker 1: at a nightclub in Rio, he offered her a role 144 00:10:43,200 --> 00:10:48,480 Speaker 1: on Broadway. Audiences and critics took notice of the Brazilian bombshell, 145 00:10:48,640 --> 00:10:51,920 Speaker 1: as she eventually came to be known. She dressed in 146 00:10:52,000 --> 00:10:55,400 Speaker 1: her spin on the Clothes Women in Bahia War, donning 147 00:10:55,480 --> 00:11:00,679 Speaker 1: long flared skirts, halter tops with ruffled sleeves, plat form shoes, 148 00:11:00,960 --> 00:11:04,040 Speaker 1: a lot of jewelry, and a turban with a basket 149 00:11:04,080 --> 00:11:08,560 Speaker 1: of fruit on top. She's sang in Portuguese, so she 150 00:11:08,640 --> 00:11:11,400 Speaker 1: gained a lot of popularity in the United States. When 151 00:11:11,440 --> 00:11:14,640 Speaker 1: she returned to Brazil after the Broadway show closed, some 152 00:11:14,720 --> 00:11:18,240 Speaker 1: Brazilians and Argentineans were unhappy with the way she depicted 153 00:11:18,280 --> 00:11:22,560 Speaker 1: their customs. Many thought she was uplifting stereotypes of women 154 00:11:22,600 --> 00:11:27,520 Speaker 1: in Latin America and was becoming Americanized, and others thought 155 00:11:27,559 --> 00:11:30,880 Speaker 1: that she was being appropriative and inappropriate in her style, 156 00:11:31,240 --> 00:11:35,320 Speaker 1: which was associated with black women. Samba, of Brazilian genre 157 00:11:35,400 --> 00:11:39,880 Speaker 1: that Miranda embraced, was born in black communities. She went 158 00:11:39,960 --> 00:11:42,800 Speaker 1: back to the United States when the studio twentieth Century 159 00:11:42,840 --> 00:11:47,400 Speaker 1: Fox offered her a contract. Miranda's colorful garb inspired fashion 160 00:11:47,440 --> 00:11:52,280 Speaker 1: trends in the US. By nine, Miranda was the highest 161 00:11:52,320 --> 00:11:56,880 Speaker 1: paid entertainer in Hollywood. Miranda often appeared in films that 162 00:11:56,960 --> 00:12:00,400 Speaker 1: helped promote the US is Good Neighbor policy, making her 163 00:12:00,440 --> 00:12:04,280 Speaker 1: a sort of goodwill ambassador representing Brazil in other South 164 00:12:04,280 --> 00:12:09,040 Speaker 1: American countries. Over the years, Miranda became a household name 165 00:12:09,080 --> 00:12:12,600 Speaker 1: in the US. Her musical career flourished, even as her 166 00:12:12,640 --> 00:12:16,600 Speaker 1: film career declined. For the most part, Miranda kept her 167 00:12:16,600 --> 00:12:20,920 Speaker 1: private life under wraps. She died in California in August 168 00:12:20,960 --> 00:12:26,200 Speaker 1: of nineteen. Though her image was controversial, her music had 169 00:12:26,280 --> 00:12:29,320 Speaker 1: global appeal and shot her to the status of a 170 00:12:29,360 --> 00:12:33,240 Speaker 1: superstar who drew attention to samba music and Brazilian culture. 171 00:12:34,440 --> 00:12:36,720 Speaker 1: I'm Eve chef Cote and hopefully you know a little 172 00:12:36,760 --> 00:12:40,839 Speaker 1: more about history today than you did yesterday. Send your 173 00:12:40,840 --> 00:12:44,360 Speaker 1: best history memes to us at t d i h 174 00:12:44,640 --> 00:12:49,880 Speaker 1: C Podcast on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. You can also 175 00:12:49,920 --> 00:12:53,600 Speaker 1: shoot us an email at this Day at i heart 176 00:12:53,720 --> 00:12:58,240 Speaker 1: media dot com. Thank you for listening to today's episode. 177 00:12:58,320 --> 00:13:05,880 Speaker 1: We'll see you again tomorrow with an another one. For 178 00:13:05,920 --> 00:13:08,680 Speaker 1: more podcasts from I heart Radio, visit the iHeart Radio app, 179 00:13:08,720 --> 00:13:11,280 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.