1
00:00:00,280 --> 00:00:02,960
Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray.

2
00:00:03,160 --> 00:00:08,920
Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you get in touch with technology with

3
00:00:09,000 --> 00:00:17,560
Speaker 1: tech Stuff from how stuff works dot com. Hello everyone,

4
00:00:17,600 --> 00:00:20,119
Speaker 1: welcome to tech Stuff. My name is Chris Polette, and

5
00:00:20,120 --> 00:00:22,760
Speaker 1: I am an editor at how stuff works dot com.

6
00:00:22,800 --> 00:00:25,919
Speaker 1: And I see sitting across from me as he typically is.

7
00:00:26,960 --> 00:00:29,240
Speaker 1: I think I can't tell. I don't war my glasses on,

8
00:00:29,320 --> 00:00:32,000
Speaker 1: but I think it's senior writer Jonathan Strickland. She'll be

9
00:00:32,120 --> 00:00:35,400
Speaker 1: the same except for bionic eyes. She lost the real

10
00:00:35,400 --> 00:00:40,480
Speaker 1: ones in the robot Wars. Nice. Thank you. Yeah. Today

11
00:00:40,520 --> 00:00:44,440
Speaker 1: we're going to talk about laser eye surgery. We've had

12
00:00:44,479 --> 00:00:46,839
Speaker 1: some people ask us about laser eye surgery and what

13
00:00:46,960 --> 00:00:50,159
Speaker 1: goes into it and exactly how are leasers used in

14
00:00:50,200 --> 00:00:52,559
Speaker 1: the process. But I think that's a record for your

15
00:00:52,680 --> 00:00:56,440
Speaker 1: use of that version of lasers. Yeah, and so we're

16
00:00:56,480 --> 00:00:58,800
Speaker 1: going to, uh, we're gonna kind of break it down

17
00:00:58,880 --> 00:01:02,640
Speaker 1: and talk about it goes into a laser eye surgery procedure.

18
00:01:02,720 --> 00:01:06,360
Speaker 1: And we should also mention I should mention that I

19
00:01:06,400 --> 00:01:08,959
Speaker 1: am very close to someone who has had laser eye surgery,

20
00:01:09,240 --> 00:01:12,000
Speaker 1: not right now, not like physically. I was going to

21
00:01:12,080 --> 00:01:16,000
Speaker 1: say my wife. My wife had laser eye surgery, um,

22
00:01:16,040 --> 00:01:20,360
Speaker 1: and she has been very happily moving around without the

23
00:01:20,760 --> 00:01:24,160
Speaker 1: you need for glasses for several years now. Um. And

24
00:01:24,200 --> 00:01:26,160
Speaker 1: it was very impressive to me because my wife is

25
00:01:26,200 --> 00:01:29,920
Speaker 1: not the sort of person who typically likes people, uh

26
00:01:30,040 --> 00:01:33,800
Speaker 1: you know, mesballs exactly. Yeah. She's that's not high on

27
00:01:33,840 --> 00:01:36,680
Speaker 1: our list of things to do today, but she did

28
00:01:36,680 --> 00:01:39,000
Speaker 1: it anyway. And we're going to kind of talk about

29
00:01:39,040 --> 00:01:42,399
Speaker 1: the process and what you have to do in order

30
00:01:42,440 --> 00:01:45,000
Speaker 1: to get laser eye surgery and what's actually being done

31
00:01:45,080 --> 00:01:48,320
Speaker 1: to you. Yeah, and I think probably the best place

32
00:01:48,360 --> 00:01:52,520
Speaker 1: to start is speaking of eyeballs, with the eyeball itself, yeah,

33
00:01:52,680 --> 00:01:54,560
Speaker 1: and why you might need laser eye surgery in the

34
00:01:54,560 --> 00:01:58,320
Speaker 1: first place, right, Uh. To to to understand this discussion,

35
00:01:58,320 --> 00:02:01,080
Speaker 1: you have to have at least a basic geography of

36
00:02:01,080 --> 00:02:06,080
Speaker 1: the eyeball. So let's talk a little bit about the eye. So,

37
00:02:06,080 --> 00:02:08,680
Speaker 1: so your your eye. The outer coating is this sort

38
00:02:08,720 --> 00:02:12,040
Speaker 1: of tough outer coating called the sclera, and that's sort

39
00:02:12,040 --> 00:02:14,840
Speaker 1: of what keeps the eyeball in its shape. It's it's

40
00:02:14,919 --> 00:02:17,960
Speaker 1: kind of the the well, it's just it's the outer layer.

41
00:02:18,080 --> 00:02:20,639
Speaker 1: And then part of this outer layer about I think

42
00:02:20,680 --> 00:02:24,480
Speaker 1: one sixth of it is the cornea, which is the

43
00:02:24,600 --> 00:02:27,680
Speaker 1: clear outer layer that goes over the part of your

44
00:02:27,680 --> 00:02:30,600
Speaker 1: eye where light actually passes through to get to you know,

45
00:02:30,840 --> 00:02:36,079
Speaker 1: your eyeball. So the cornea is, uh, it's kind of

46
00:02:36,160 --> 00:02:38,040
Speaker 1: like a window in a way, or if you want

47
00:02:38,040 --> 00:02:41,400
Speaker 1: to think of it like a a tablet device or something.

48
00:02:41,440 --> 00:02:45,160
Speaker 1: It's the gorilla glass. It's on the outside that texts

49
00:02:45,200 --> 00:02:49,200
Speaker 1: the the the innards, and then behind the cornea. Well,

50
00:02:49,240 --> 00:02:50,919
Speaker 1: first of all, you've got the sort of a watery,

51
00:02:51,040 --> 00:02:56,639
Speaker 1: clear liquid called the aqueous humor. Yeah, this goes back

52
00:02:56,680 --> 00:03:02,320
Speaker 1: to the old humor's uh idea that dates back centuries

53
00:03:02,400 --> 00:03:06,360
Speaker 1: where we used to think that our bodies we were

54
00:03:07,040 --> 00:03:11,640
Speaker 1: like we're governed by a well, a small group of

55
00:03:11,960 --> 00:03:17,880
Speaker 1: various liquids called humors. We've somewhat developed beyond that at

56
00:03:17,880 --> 00:03:20,520
Speaker 1: this point, although I do think it's it's funny that

57
00:03:20,880 --> 00:03:24,480
Speaker 1: even now we are referring to this particular liquid as

58
00:03:24,480 --> 00:03:27,639
Speaker 1: a humor. Yes, so, so the aqueous humor, it's it's

59
00:03:27,760 --> 00:03:31,079
Speaker 1: this clear, clear liquid that's behind the cornea. It's also

60
00:03:31,200 --> 00:03:33,000
Speaker 1: in front of the iris, and there's a little bit

61
00:03:33,000 --> 00:03:36,160
Speaker 1: behind the iris as well. So then that leads to

62
00:03:36,200 --> 00:03:40,160
Speaker 1: the question, what then is the iris. Well, that's the

63
00:03:40,440 --> 00:03:42,880
Speaker 1: that's the color part of your eye. So for example,

64
00:03:43,480 --> 00:03:47,480
Speaker 1: my iris is blue because it lacks a certain amount

65
00:03:47,480 --> 00:03:50,640
Speaker 1: of pigmentation, which makes it a blue color. My wife's

66
00:03:50,680 --> 00:03:54,560
Speaker 1: eyes are brown. And uh, this is the part of

67
00:03:54,600 --> 00:03:58,120
Speaker 1: the other acts as like an adjustable diaphragm around the pupil.

68
00:03:58,800 --> 00:04:03,600
Speaker 1: So the pupil is that's the dark center of your iris.

69
00:04:03,640 --> 00:04:08,040
Speaker 1: That's the little opening actually that allows light to pass through, right,

70
00:04:08,040 --> 00:04:11,480
Speaker 1: And of course that's the part that the uh enlarges

71
00:04:11,640 --> 00:04:14,000
Speaker 1: or get smaller depending on the amount of light in

72
00:04:14,040 --> 00:04:18,760
Speaker 1: the room. Yeah, it's it's it's really an ingenious kind

73
00:04:18,800 --> 00:04:21,040
Speaker 1: of approach. Really. It's it's the same sort of thing

74
00:04:21,040 --> 00:04:22,960
Speaker 1: that we do with cameras when we have an aperture,

75
00:04:23,600 --> 00:04:25,800
Speaker 1: you know, the aperture of a camera. And you may

76
00:04:25,800 --> 00:04:28,400
Speaker 1: remember this if you listen to our our podcast about

77
00:04:28,400 --> 00:04:31,640
Speaker 1: slow motion. We talked about the aperture quite a bit. Uh.

78
00:04:31,680 --> 00:04:34,800
Speaker 1: That's what allows you to adjust how much light comes

79
00:04:34,800 --> 00:04:38,400
Speaker 1: in through the camera's lens and hits the sensor. Uh,

80
00:04:38,520 --> 00:04:42,600
Speaker 1: same sort of idea here. The iris is what will

81
00:04:42,720 --> 00:04:46,279
Speaker 1: expand or contract around the pupil and thus control the

82
00:04:46,279 --> 00:04:47,920
Speaker 1: amount of light that comes in. So if you walk

83
00:04:47,960 --> 00:04:51,880
Speaker 1: into a dark room, then the it's going to the

84
00:04:51,880 --> 00:04:54,960
Speaker 1: the iris is going to allow more light to pass through.

85
00:04:54,960 --> 00:04:56,640
Speaker 1: It's going to allow more of the pupil to be

86
00:04:56,680 --> 00:04:58,880
Speaker 1: exposed so that you get more light so that you

87
00:04:58,920 --> 00:05:01,480
Speaker 1: can maneuver through because you're gonna be able to you

88
00:05:01,480 --> 00:05:03,440
Speaker 1: need to be able to see if you're in a

89
00:05:03,480 --> 00:05:06,520
Speaker 1: really bright environment. In order to protect the eye, that

90
00:05:06,800 --> 00:05:10,640
Speaker 1: diaphragm is gonna close around the pupil to restrict the

91
00:05:10,640 --> 00:05:13,839
Speaker 1: amount of light that comes in. Right, and of course

92
00:05:14,040 --> 00:05:19,599
Speaker 1: UM there there's more than one UM analog as far

93
00:05:19,640 --> 00:05:22,479
Speaker 1: as the eye and a camera shut. We were talking

94
00:05:22,520 --> 00:05:25,640
Speaker 1: about cameras not too long ago where we we talked

95
00:05:25,640 --> 00:05:28,440
Speaker 1: about the lens and how light passes through the lens

96
00:05:28,520 --> 00:05:32,320
Speaker 1: to the film on the other side, or or an

97
00:05:32,360 --> 00:05:35,080
Speaker 1: image censor in the case of a digital camera. Well,

98
00:05:35,080 --> 00:05:39,720
Speaker 1: in the eye, you've got the retina, which is um

99
00:05:39,760 --> 00:05:42,760
Speaker 1: if you will, on the on the back side of

100
00:05:42,800 --> 00:05:45,400
Speaker 1: the eye, which is what records the image as as

101
00:05:45,440 --> 00:05:48,480
Speaker 1: the light comes through the pupil. Right, You've got you've

102
00:05:48,480 --> 00:05:51,039
Speaker 1: got the pupil, that's the aperture. You also have a lens,

103
00:05:51,200 --> 00:05:53,400
Speaker 1: right behind the pupil. Right, So the lens, the lens

104
00:05:53,480 --> 00:05:56,400
Speaker 1: is what is focusing that light, directing that light so

105
00:05:56,440 --> 00:05:59,800
Speaker 1: that it it hits the focal point ideally, which is

106
00:05:59,839 --> 00:06:04,320
Speaker 1: the retina. And the retina contains certain kinds of cells,

107
00:06:04,440 --> 00:06:10,360
Speaker 1: rod cells and cone cells. These are light censoring light sensors. Essentially, Um,

108
00:06:10,440 --> 00:06:15,280
Speaker 1: he sells sense the presence of light, and uh, through

109
00:06:15,360 --> 00:06:18,960
Speaker 1: a chemical reaction, send that information to your brain and

110
00:06:18,960 --> 00:06:23,559
Speaker 1: then your brain says, hey, I recognize that that's a puppy. Also,

111
00:06:23,640 --> 00:06:27,440
Speaker 1: at interesting point, if you weren't familiar with this, uh,

112
00:06:27,480 --> 00:06:31,080
Speaker 1: the image that you see when you're looking at something

113
00:06:31,240 --> 00:06:34,640
Speaker 1: when it hits your retina, it's actually inverted, just as

114
00:06:34,680 --> 00:06:37,000
Speaker 1: it is in a camera. But yes, that's the So this,

115
00:06:37,000 --> 00:06:39,400
Speaker 1: this is the basic part of the eye. Now, what

116
00:06:39,600 --> 00:06:44,640
Speaker 1: happens when something is just not quite right? For example, Uh, Chris,

117
00:06:44,839 --> 00:06:46,680
Speaker 1: I don't know. Are you near sighted or far sighted?

118
00:06:46,880 --> 00:06:49,960
Speaker 1: I am myopic. I am also myopic. That means we

119
00:06:50,000 --> 00:06:52,440
Speaker 1: are both near sighted, and since we both have our

120
00:06:52,480 --> 00:06:54,720
Speaker 1: our glasses off at the moment, we're both a little blurry.

121
00:06:55,560 --> 00:07:00,960
Speaker 1: So myopia means that the focal point is hitting. Uh,

122
00:07:01,040 --> 00:07:04,160
Speaker 1: it's it's hitting before it gets to your retina. So

123
00:07:04,320 --> 00:07:07,720
Speaker 1: inside your eye there's a you know, the light is

124
00:07:07,800 --> 00:07:11,240
Speaker 1: being directed by the lens to your retina. Uh, those

125
00:07:11,400 --> 00:07:14,560
Speaker 1: the points of light are all converging, right, and that

126
00:07:14,600 --> 00:07:17,400
Speaker 1: point of convergence is the focal point. Now, the focal

127
00:07:17,440 --> 00:07:21,280
Speaker 1: point for those with myopia is in front of the retina.

128
00:07:21,720 --> 00:07:23,760
Speaker 1: It's not hating the retina just right. So that means

129
00:07:23,800 --> 00:07:26,720
Speaker 1: that when we start looking around things, things tend to

130
00:07:26,720 --> 00:07:29,440
Speaker 1: be the further way things are, the blurrier, they tend

131
00:07:29,520 --> 00:07:35,080
Speaker 1: to be. Yes. Um, Now, this can happen through various uh,

132
00:07:35,440 --> 00:07:39,600
Speaker 1: just well, irregularities. There could be irregularities in the cornea

133
00:07:39,760 --> 00:07:42,240
Speaker 1: that can cause this to happen, or in the lens itself,

134
00:07:42,760 --> 00:07:46,160
Speaker 1: or it could be that the eyeball itself is elongated. Yes,

135
00:07:46,400 --> 00:07:49,200
Speaker 1: so that the you know, if the eyeball was not elongated,

136
00:07:49,440 --> 00:07:51,119
Speaker 1: the focal point would be right there on the retina

137
00:07:51,160 --> 00:07:52,840
Speaker 1: where it's supposed to be in Everything will be fine,

138
00:07:52,880 --> 00:07:57,880
Speaker 1: but the eyeball has been stretched. Nice sound effect, thank you,

139
00:07:58,640 --> 00:08:01,560
Speaker 1: doesn't necessarily Jonathan Strict lines, it doesn't necessarily mean that

140
00:08:01,640 --> 00:08:03,960
Speaker 1: someone's actually gone in there and stretch your eyeball. It

141
00:08:03,960 --> 00:08:07,400
Speaker 1: just means that that's kind of the way it developed. Um,

142
00:08:07,440 --> 00:08:10,800
Speaker 1: now far sighting this, which is a hyperopia hyperropia, thank you,

143
00:08:10,840 --> 00:08:14,520
Speaker 1: I'm glad you're ready for that. One's ready? Yeah, hyperopia.

144
00:08:15,040 --> 00:08:19,119
Speaker 1: You've got the focal point that's that's actually behind the retina,

145
00:08:19,240 --> 00:08:22,240
Speaker 1: so when the lights hitting hitting the retina, it's not

146
00:08:22,920 --> 00:08:27,840
Speaker 1: converged on that point like it should be. And uh, hyperopia,

147
00:08:28,120 --> 00:08:33,640
Speaker 1: if you're hyper hyperopic, would that be correct? Hyperopic? Then

148
00:08:33,679 --> 00:08:36,040
Speaker 1: that would mean that you know, you would the the

149
00:08:36,760 --> 00:08:40,040
Speaker 1: closer something is, the more out of focus it is,

150
00:08:40,080 --> 00:08:43,360
Speaker 1: the further away it is, the clearer it is. Also

151
00:08:43,559 --> 00:08:48,840
Speaker 1: in addition to being myopic, I also have an astigmatism,

152
00:08:48,880 --> 00:08:52,040
Speaker 1: I too have an a stigmatism. I think he's just

153
00:08:52,040 --> 00:08:53,920
Speaker 1: just you know, doesn't want me to have one more

154
00:08:53,960 --> 00:08:56,920
Speaker 1: than he does. I only have one. Do you have

155
00:08:56,960 --> 00:09:03,000
Speaker 1: to know? I'm saying, are you and have an a stigmatism?

156
00:09:03,320 --> 00:09:09,160
Speaker 1: Me too? Me too? It just it happen anyway. And

157
00:09:09,160 --> 00:09:12,480
Speaker 1: and an a stigmatism, Um, you have a difference in

158
00:09:12,520 --> 00:09:16,080
Speaker 1: the shape of your cornea or the lens. And basically

159
00:09:16,120 --> 00:09:19,680
Speaker 1: what happens is it creates in effect two focal points

160
00:09:19,679 --> 00:09:24,319
Speaker 1: within your eye. UM. And so basically that sort of

161
00:09:24,360 --> 00:09:27,560
Speaker 1: confuses the way the light is traveling inside your eye,

162
00:09:27,559 --> 00:09:30,200
Speaker 1: and that um, you can have, as we were both

163
00:09:30,240 --> 00:09:32,800
Speaker 1: pointing out just a moment ago, you can have uh

164
00:09:32,840 --> 00:09:36,480
Speaker 1: an a stigmatism on top of another eye condition. Yes,

165
00:09:36,880 --> 00:09:40,400
Speaker 1: it's it's really an uneven curvature of the cornea or

166
00:09:40,600 --> 00:09:44,560
Speaker 1: or lens, and yeah, it's it. It can cause problems.

167
00:09:44,600 --> 00:09:50,080
Speaker 1: So the thing is that the humans are clever. Yeah,

168
00:09:50,160 --> 00:09:53,040
Speaker 1: and we figured out a long time ago that if

169
00:09:53,080 --> 00:09:57,120
Speaker 1: you use a lens of glass and it's curved just

170
00:09:57,280 --> 00:10:00,400
Speaker 1: the right way, the curvature of the glass us can

171
00:10:00,440 --> 00:10:05,360
Speaker 1: direct light so that it corrects for these problems. I

172
00:10:05,400 --> 00:10:08,400
Speaker 1: can't imagine the amount of trial and error it took

173
00:10:08,760 --> 00:10:14,160
Speaker 1: to be able to figure this out. But to correct

174
00:10:14,440 --> 00:10:17,440
Speaker 1: your your vision, you have to, you know, take into

175
00:10:17,480 --> 00:10:22,360
Speaker 1: account what the focal point is doing uh inside your eye.

176
00:10:22,800 --> 00:10:26,240
Speaker 1: So with it's a little bit different between myopia and

177
00:10:26,440 --> 00:10:30,040
Speaker 1: uh and hyperopia. But anyway, the curvature of the lens

178
00:10:30,080 --> 00:10:32,640
Speaker 1: depends upon the condition, right, you know, if it's going

179
00:10:32,679 --> 00:10:34,760
Speaker 1: to be a concave lens for one and a convex

180
00:10:34,880 --> 00:10:37,720
Speaker 1: lens for the other, And honestly, I can't remember the

181
00:10:37,760 --> 00:10:39,240
Speaker 1: one from the other. I guess I could stare at

182
00:10:39,240 --> 00:10:41,080
Speaker 1: my glasses long enough and try and figure it out.

183
00:10:41,120 --> 00:10:45,000
Speaker 1: But um, but the point being that that's what's going

184
00:10:45,040 --> 00:10:47,319
Speaker 1: to direct the light the right way into your eye

185
00:10:47,400 --> 00:10:51,400
Speaker 1: so that it corrects for whatever problem you already have.

186
00:10:52,320 --> 00:10:54,720
Speaker 1: And then, of course, well what if we didn't want

187
00:10:54,720 --> 00:10:58,440
Speaker 1: to wear glasses, what if we wanted something where it

188
00:10:58,520 --> 00:11:02,040
Speaker 1: wasn't you know, this this pair of frames sitting on

189
00:11:02,080 --> 00:11:04,600
Speaker 1: our face. Well that's when we started to come up, well,

190
00:11:04,400 --> 00:11:07,520
Speaker 1: we could maybe make a lens that could sit directly

191
00:11:07,640 --> 00:11:10,720
Speaker 1: on the eye and do the same sort of correction.

192
00:11:11,480 --> 00:11:17,360
Speaker 1: It's going to require a more precise approach because it's

193
00:11:17,360 --> 00:11:20,440
Speaker 1: going to be a much smaller lens that by definition,

194
00:11:20,480 --> 00:11:23,880
Speaker 1: I mean you can't have an enormous lens shoved into

195
00:11:23,920 --> 00:11:28,719
Speaker 1: your eye and expect any sort of comfort. So that's

196
00:11:28,720 --> 00:11:31,720
Speaker 1: where the contact lens idea came from, where we started

197
00:11:31,760 --> 00:11:35,520
Speaker 1: to kind of get you you apply these same kinds

198
00:11:35,520 --> 00:11:39,560
Speaker 1: of thought to a thin lens that could fit directly

199
00:11:39,559 --> 00:11:41,560
Speaker 1: on top of the eye. But then we thought, hey,

200
00:11:41,559 --> 00:11:45,360
Speaker 1: wait a minute, we're really just talking about lenses here.

201
00:11:45,400 --> 00:11:48,200
Speaker 1: Even even the cornea can act somewhat as a lens.

202
00:11:48,240 --> 00:11:52,120
Speaker 1: The cornea on your eye itself directs light. So what

203
00:11:52,280 --> 00:11:55,920
Speaker 1: if we were to reshape the cornia so that it

204
00:11:56,120 --> 00:12:00,160
Speaker 1: corrected for whatever problems we had as you know, as

205
00:12:00,160 --> 00:12:03,120
Speaker 1: far as vision problems are concerned. Uh, what if we

206
00:12:03,200 --> 00:12:06,240
Speaker 1: just did that, then we wouldn't have to wear contact

207
00:12:06,360 --> 00:12:09,160
Speaker 1: lenses or glasses or anything. And that's where the idea

208
00:12:09,280 --> 00:12:15,839
Speaker 1: for corrective surgery comes from. And um, and at its

209
00:12:16,040 --> 00:12:20,720
Speaker 1: very most basic level, what correct what this laser eye

210
00:12:20,760 --> 00:12:24,840
Speaker 1: surgery is doing is it's altering the shape of the

211
00:12:24,960 --> 00:12:28,040
Speaker 1: cornea so that directs light in a way that corrects

212
00:12:28,040 --> 00:12:31,880
Speaker 1: for whatever vision problem you have. That's that's the basic

213
00:12:32,400 --> 00:12:33,960
Speaker 1: you know, when you get down to it, that's what

214
00:12:34,080 --> 00:12:37,360
Speaker 1: laser eye surgery is all about. So it's just it's

215
00:12:37,400 --> 00:12:40,800
Speaker 1: that same principle behind grinding a lens so that you

216
00:12:40,840 --> 00:12:43,560
Speaker 1: can see, you know, in a pair of eyeglasses, but

217
00:12:43,600 --> 00:12:48,640
Speaker 1: now it's applied directly to our biology. It sadly does

218
00:12:48,679 --> 00:12:51,760
Speaker 1: not mean you will actually end up with laser shooting

219
00:12:51,760 --> 00:12:55,599
Speaker 1: out of your eyes, well at least not for most people. No,

220
00:12:56,679 --> 00:13:01,960
Speaker 1: I would think that's a pretty rare side effect. So, yeah,

221
00:13:02,000 --> 00:13:05,120
Speaker 1: where would you like to start with laser eye surgery? Well,

222
00:13:05,160 --> 00:13:07,400
Speaker 1: I was going to talk about sort of the process

223
00:13:07,440 --> 00:13:09,720
Speaker 1: you have to go through before you get laser eye

224
00:13:09,720 --> 00:13:12,640
Speaker 1: surgery done, and then we'll get into what is actually

225
00:13:12,640 --> 00:13:18,440
Speaker 1: going on in a laser eye surgery session. Yeah, because frankly,

226
00:13:18,520 --> 00:13:21,880
Speaker 1: it's it's reminds me of a lot of life events.

227
00:13:22,320 --> 00:13:25,760
Speaker 1: You know. The actual event itself doesn't really take all

228
00:13:25,760 --> 00:13:28,360
Speaker 1: that long. Laser eye surgery only takes a few minutes.

229
00:13:28,640 --> 00:13:32,000
Speaker 1: It can take less than half an hour total um.

230
00:13:32,040 --> 00:13:33,960
Speaker 1: But there is quite a bit of preparation that needs

231
00:13:34,040 --> 00:13:36,880
Speaker 1: that you need to go through beforehand to make sure

232
00:13:36,880 --> 00:13:41,400
Speaker 1: that everything goes smoothly um and preferably not panicky, which

233
00:13:41,440 --> 00:13:44,959
Speaker 1: is the reason that I haven't had it done. Yeah.

234
00:13:44,960 --> 00:13:46,640
Speaker 1: So the first thing you have to do is you

235
00:13:46,679 --> 00:13:49,719
Speaker 1: have to go through and we're talking about a reputable

236
00:13:50,240 --> 00:13:52,480
Speaker 1: laser eye surgeon. This is a good time for us

237
00:13:52,520 --> 00:13:55,240
Speaker 1: to point out there are a lot of different facilities

238
00:13:55,280 --> 00:14:00,280
Speaker 1: out there that offer laser eye surgery services. Do your research. Yes,

239
00:14:00,280 --> 00:14:03,600
Speaker 1: that's a great idea, because I know for a fact

240
00:14:03,720 --> 00:14:06,640
Speaker 1: that there are there's a few in Atlanta that have

241
00:14:06,880 --> 00:14:12,839
Speaker 1: a reputation for being less than honest, Like they'll the

242
00:14:13,080 --> 00:14:17,480
Speaker 1: what the they do is they'll offer this amazing sounding deal.

243
00:14:17,679 --> 00:14:20,280
Speaker 1: And of course we all know the phrase it sounds

244
00:14:20,320 --> 00:14:24,160
Speaker 1: too good to be true. It was probably on the internet. Um,

245
00:14:24,640 --> 00:14:26,720
Speaker 1: and the deal, the deal would be something like two

246
00:14:27,000 --> 00:14:30,960
Speaker 1: d I, which is about a tenth of what some

247
00:14:31,080 --> 00:14:34,920
Speaker 1: eye surgeries cost, you know, and you're thinking, wow, that's amazing,

248
00:14:34,960 --> 00:14:37,280
Speaker 1: and then you know it's got an official sounding name

249
00:14:37,360 --> 00:14:39,200
Speaker 1: and it's gonna be great. And then if you actually

250
00:14:39,200 --> 00:14:41,360
Speaker 1: start doing some research, you'll see that there's often a

251
00:14:41,400 --> 00:14:43,680
Speaker 1: lot of bait and switch involved where you'll go in

252
00:14:43,760 --> 00:14:49,000
Speaker 1: and they'll do this initial I exam and then they'll say, oh, well,

253
00:14:49,040 --> 00:14:53,080
Speaker 1: in your case, because you have this particular you know,

254
00:14:53,200 --> 00:14:57,120
Speaker 1: condition or whatever, it's actually gonna be closer to undred

255
00:14:57,160 --> 00:15:00,240
Speaker 1: per eye or and and just that alone is a

256
00:15:01,000 --> 00:15:02,480
Speaker 1: you know, first of all, that's kind of a shady

257
00:15:02,520 --> 00:15:05,200
Speaker 1: business practice. But beyond that, you don't want, you know,

258
00:15:05,240 --> 00:15:09,400
Speaker 1: you don't know how far their ethics extend into say,

259
00:15:09,640 --> 00:15:13,840
Speaker 1: not being a good doctor. So so in other words,

260
00:15:13,960 --> 00:15:19,040
Speaker 1: do your research. Yeah, quack alert. So, assuming that the

261
00:15:19,040 --> 00:15:22,720
Speaker 1: the facility has got a good reputation, uh, you go in,

262
00:15:22,880 --> 00:15:26,240
Speaker 1: you would get a very thorough eye exam, probably more

263
00:15:26,320 --> 00:15:29,480
Speaker 1: thorough in fact, I would are definitely more through than

264
00:15:29,520 --> 00:15:31,560
Speaker 1: you would get going to just get a pair of

265
00:15:31,600 --> 00:15:34,840
Speaker 1: glasses or contact lenses. I'm sure yes, because they have

266
00:15:34,960 --> 00:15:37,240
Speaker 1: to be they have to be very careful. Um, if

267
00:15:37,240 --> 00:15:41,239
Speaker 1: you're going to go for for lasic, for example, UM,

268
00:15:41,320 --> 00:15:43,960
Speaker 1: your eyes have to fall within a certain set of

269
00:15:43,960 --> 00:15:49,360
Speaker 1: parameters and they can treat myopia, hyperopia, and a stigmatism.

270
00:15:49,400 --> 00:15:52,120
Speaker 1: But it has to be within a certain range. Now,

271
00:15:52,120 --> 00:15:55,920
Speaker 1: of course that's measured in die opters. Um. That's that's

272
00:15:55,960 --> 00:15:58,720
Speaker 1: kind of the degrees of prescription. So you know, if

273
00:15:58,760 --> 00:16:01,640
Speaker 1: you hear someone say, oh, I've got minus three in

274
00:16:01,680 --> 00:16:04,520
Speaker 1: this I and minus two point seven five in that,

275
00:16:04,600 --> 00:16:07,960
Speaker 1: I the myopic. Yeah, their myopic. Yeah that a negative

276
00:16:08,040 --> 00:16:13,280
Speaker 1: number means myopia, a positive number is hyperopia. And then um,

277
00:16:13,400 --> 00:16:16,400
Speaker 1: a stigmatism can go either way. Yeah. Now, we we

278
00:16:16,480 --> 00:16:19,120
Speaker 1: do have a great article on how lasic works on

279
00:16:19,120 --> 00:16:23,680
Speaker 1: the website. Um and according to the research in there, UM,

280
00:16:23,920 --> 00:16:28,200
Speaker 1: myopia treatable with lasic can be from negative zero point

281
00:16:28,240 --> 00:16:30,920
Speaker 1: seven five to negative ten, which is that's a big,

282
00:16:31,680 --> 00:16:34,840
Speaker 1: big range. And and I should also add that depending

283
00:16:34,880 --> 00:16:37,160
Speaker 1: on which doctor you go to, they may tell you

284
00:16:37,200 --> 00:16:40,320
Speaker 1: that if your eyesight falls within you know, a certain range,

285
00:16:40,360 --> 00:16:44,040
Speaker 1: like saying, let's say the negative point seven five to

286
00:16:44,400 --> 00:16:47,000
Speaker 1: say negative one point five. They might say, you know what,

287
00:16:47,160 --> 00:16:50,120
Speaker 1: the the experience you're going to have, the the new

288
00:16:50,280 --> 00:16:52,320
Speaker 1: vision you're going to have, is may not be so

289
00:16:52,440 --> 00:16:56,720
Speaker 1: dramatic as to warrant laser eye surgery. Again, a reputable

290
00:16:57,040 --> 00:17:01,280
Speaker 1: UH clinic is going to tell you if the the

291
00:17:01,320 --> 00:17:03,840
Speaker 1: result is going to be truly noticeable or not. For

292
00:17:03,920 --> 00:17:06,920
Speaker 1: some people, it may not be. I for at least

293
00:17:07,240 --> 00:17:08,919
Speaker 1: years ago, when my wife could have done I was

294
00:17:09,040 --> 00:17:12,199
Speaker 1: right there on the the border like like, you know,

295
00:17:12,240 --> 00:17:14,080
Speaker 1: I could have gotten it done, but it may not

296
00:17:14,160 --> 00:17:16,480
Speaker 1: have been that dramatic. And when you're talking about that

297
00:17:16,520 --> 00:17:19,360
Speaker 1: kind of expense, really do you want to go in

298
00:17:19,440 --> 00:17:22,399
Speaker 1: for that. My wife, however, she had gotten to the

299
00:17:22,400 --> 00:17:24,800
Speaker 1: point of vision where they no longer use the eye chart.

300
00:17:25,080 --> 00:17:27,080
Speaker 1: They would say how many fingers am I holding up?

301
00:17:27,720 --> 00:17:32,440
Speaker 1: So she was an ideal candidate. Well you have to

302
00:17:32,480 --> 00:17:37,560
Speaker 1: hold some up? Um? Yeah, whoa, you need some surgery.

303
00:17:38,040 --> 00:17:41,320
Speaker 1: Hyperopia that they can treat with lacing ranges from plus

304
00:17:41,440 --> 00:17:43,399
Speaker 1: zero point seven five to plus four and then they

305
00:17:43,400 --> 00:17:45,960
Speaker 1: can treat a stigmatism for plus or minus zero point

306
00:17:46,040 --> 00:17:49,360
Speaker 1: seven five to plus or minus four. Um. So that's

307
00:17:49,359 --> 00:17:52,000
Speaker 1: a pretty a pretty decent range of vision that they

308
00:17:52,080 --> 00:17:54,920
Speaker 1: can they can correct. Um. They also look at the

309
00:17:55,200 --> 00:18:00,520
Speaker 1: cornea thickness. It has to be five microns or greater UM.

310
00:18:00,560 --> 00:18:03,000
Speaker 1: That will explain why the cornea has to be at

311
00:18:03,119 --> 00:18:05,239
Speaker 1: least that thick coming up. And that's going to be

312
00:18:05,280 --> 00:18:10,240
Speaker 1: the the squiggly squirmy part where we're both like, okay,

313
00:18:10,280 --> 00:18:14,600
Speaker 1: so here's what happens next. I'll be going out for water, Chris,

314
00:18:14,760 --> 00:18:17,320
Speaker 1: Chris might Chris might go bye bye for about for

315
00:18:17,400 --> 00:18:20,720
Speaker 1: about five minutes that thud. Yeah, But there are other

316
00:18:20,720 --> 00:18:23,920
Speaker 1: types of laser eye surgery that you can pursue if

317
00:18:24,000 --> 00:18:26,760
Speaker 1: your cornea is not of that thickness, if it's if

318
00:18:26,800 --> 00:18:29,200
Speaker 1: it's thinner than that, there are other types of laser

319
00:18:29,200 --> 00:18:34,040
Speaker 1: eye surgery you can look into, so to speak. Um.

320
00:18:34,119 --> 00:18:38,240
Speaker 1: And then your pupil uh should be no more than

321
00:18:38,320 --> 00:18:42,800
Speaker 1: six point five millimeters in diameter UM, although you know

322
00:18:42,880 --> 00:18:46,160
Speaker 1: there are advances now that allow you to work with

323
00:18:46,280 --> 00:18:49,320
Speaker 1: up to eight point five UM. Also, so if you've

324
00:18:49,400 --> 00:18:52,960
Speaker 1: been Diesel from that that movie where he's got those

325
00:18:53,119 --> 00:18:57,040
Speaker 1: huge corneas, the huge pupils, that just wouldn't work. Lady

326
00:18:57,080 --> 00:18:59,720
Speaker 1: Gaga from that that one video, Yeah there you go. Yeah,

327
00:18:59,760 --> 00:19:04,280
Speaker 1: those those folks, I'm sorry, or practically any Disney character,

328
00:19:05,040 --> 00:19:07,879
Speaker 1: because I mean, have you seen Tangled. That girl's eyes

329
00:19:07,920 --> 00:19:12,440
Speaker 1: are huge. Yeah, Sailor Moon's not gonna have it done either. Um.

330
00:19:12,480 --> 00:19:15,920
Speaker 1: So yeah. And also if you're pregnant, have heart problems,

331
00:19:15,920 --> 00:19:20,160
Speaker 1: severe heart problems anyway, Um, if you're taking drugs such

332
00:19:20,160 --> 00:19:26,280
Speaker 1: as medicine for migraines or acne, um, you have a

333
00:19:26,320 --> 00:19:30,439
Speaker 1: condition called kara to conas. I'm hoping I'm pronouncing it right.

334
00:19:30,480 --> 00:19:32,439
Speaker 1: I didn't check the pronunciation, but that's a thinning of

335
00:19:32,480 --> 00:19:36,480
Speaker 1: the cornea condition. And um, actually I might be Uh,

336
00:19:36,520 --> 00:19:40,879
Speaker 1: I might not be eligible either because certain conditions like

337
00:19:40,920 --> 00:19:45,040
Speaker 1: autoimmune diseases, one of which I have, UM, vascular disease,

338
00:19:45,240 --> 00:19:48,240
Speaker 1: different kinds of eye diseases, and diabetes. All these things

339
00:19:48,400 --> 00:19:52,640
Speaker 1: might prevent you from going through with a lasic procedure. Um.

340
00:19:52,720 --> 00:19:54,359
Speaker 1: So these are things that the doctor is going to

341
00:19:54,400 --> 00:19:57,080
Speaker 1: have to talk to you about. Um, and I would

342
00:19:57,160 --> 00:20:00,840
Speaker 1: encourage history. Yeah. You need to be honest too, because

343
00:20:00,960 --> 00:20:03,800
Speaker 1: you know, even though you may not want to wear glasses, uh,

344
00:20:03,920 --> 00:20:06,280
Speaker 1: you know, this is serious business and you could end

345
00:20:06,359 --> 00:20:08,520
Speaker 1: up with results that you are not happy with. It

346
00:20:08,600 --> 00:20:11,760
Speaker 1: can be complications as well, I mean even yes, you know,

347
00:20:11,880 --> 00:20:14,800
Speaker 1: it could be that everything goes well, but uh, you

348
00:20:14,960 --> 00:20:18,280
Speaker 1: have some complications during the healing process, and if your

349
00:20:18,320 --> 00:20:21,560
Speaker 1: medical history means that you can't have certain kinds of

350
00:20:21,640 --> 00:20:25,360
Speaker 1: drugs to to help that healing process along, that could

351
00:20:25,440 --> 00:20:27,600
Speaker 1: be an even bigger problem down the road. So yeah,

352
00:20:27,640 --> 00:20:30,600
Speaker 1: it's very important. And then the actual exam, you're going

353
00:20:30,640 --> 00:20:33,120
Speaker 1: to be looking through lots of different devices that are

354
00:20:33,119 --> 00:20:37,160
Speaker 1: going to be measuring how your eyes are receiving light.

355
00:20:37,440 --> 00:20:40,720
Speaker 1: And there's actually technically mapping out your eyes the inside

356
00:20:40,760 --> 00:20:44,960
Speaker 1: of your eyes. Um. There's a thing called a corneal topographer. Yes,

357
00:20:45,080 --> 00:20:47,159
Speaker 1: that's where they type on your eyes, right, that's a

358
00:20:47,160 --> 00:20:53,600
Speaker 1: typograph back topographer. It actually maps the cornea, so it's

359
00:20:53,640 --> 00:20:59,040
Speaker 1: it's looking at the actual shape and thickness of the cornea. Um,

360
00:20:59,119 --> 00:21:02,199
Speaker 1: and it's too uh to really determine exactly how the

361
00:21:02,280 --> 00:21:06,240
Speaker 1: light is behaving once it hits that part of your eye. Um.

362
00:21:06,280 --> 00:21:11,040
Speaker 1: There's also the pupilometer, which is another device that's looking

363
00:21:11,080 --> 00:21:13,119
Speaker 1: specifically at your pupil I mean there's not a big

364
00:21:13,160 --> 00:21:17,200
Speaker 1: surprise there, right, you have a student in your eyeball. Yeah,

365
00:21:17,320 --> 00:21:22,240
Speaker 1: and then the their software very powerful software, but working

366
00:21:22,240 --> 00:21:25,040
Speaker 1: behind the scenes, that's mapping out your eye so that

367
00:21:25,680 --> 00:21:29,840
Speaker 1: the surgeon is going to know exactly what sort of

368
00:21:29,840 --> 00:21:32,520
Speaker 1: of adjustments they're going to need to make to your

369
00:21:32,560 --> 00:21:37,320
Speaker 1: cornea in order for it to um to direct light

370
00:21:37,400 --> 00:21:39,159
Speaker 1: the way you need it to be so that you

371
00:21:39,160 --> 00:21:42,120
Speaker 1: don't have to wear glasses or contact lenses anymore. So

372
00:21:42,160 --> 00:21:45,840
Speaker 1: it's it's pretty complex stuff. I mean, it's um pretty

373
00:21:45,840 --> 00:21:49,200
Speaker 1: fascinating to see. And also a laser eye surgery procedure

374
00:21:49,280 --> 00:21:55,320
Speaker 1: often requires two people, a surgeon and a patient, well

375
00:21:55,440 --> 00:21:59,920
Speaker 1: beyond the patient to people to actually to do the procedure.

376
00:22:00,320 --> 00:22:03,560
Speaker 1: The surgeon and then there's usually a an operator who's

377
00:22:03,600 --> 00:22:07,960
Speaker 1: working on one of the laser machines. And so now

378
00:22:08,000 --> 00:22:11,280
Speaker 1: we've now we've talked about the process where let's say

379
00:22:11,280 --> 00:22:14,240
Speaker 1: that you've gone through you've had your eye exam, you've

380
00:22:14,280 --> 00:22:17,480
Speaker 1: done your medical history, and they've determined your what is

381
00:22:17,480 --> 00:22:20,200
Speaker 1: called an ideal candidate. Now that does not mean you

382
00:22:20,240 --> 00:22:23,000
Speaker 1: are the perfect person to have had laser eye surgery.

383
00:22:23,080 --> 00:22:26,280
Speaker 1: It just means that you fit those parameters that uh,

384
00:22:26,520 --> 00:22:28,960
Speaker 1: you don't have anything outlying any of those parameters that

385
00:22:29,000 --> 00:22:32,080
Speaker 1: would that would cause concern. It appears that it will

386
00:22:32,119 --> 00:22:35,960
Speaker 1: work out. Yes, Uh, now is the time where you

387
00:22:36,000 --> 00:22:39,639
Speaker 1: start to um to to actually go through the surgery itself.

388
00:22:39,720 --> 00:22:42,239
Speaker 1: And I think I think we can walk through the

389
00:22:42,320 --> 00:22:47,080
Speaker 1: laser process because that's still fairly common. I mean that's

390
00:22:47,119 --> 00:22:49,280
Speaker 1: that's actually probably one of the most common forms of

391
00:22:49,359 --> 00:22:52,240
Speaker 1: laser eye surgery out there. But we'll also talk about

392
00:22:52,280 --> 00:22:56,200
Speaker 1: how the other kinds are a little different. So, um So, first,

393
00:22:56,200 --> 00:22:58,720
Speaker 1: when you arrive to get your laser eye surgery done,

394
00:22:58,880 --> 00:23:02,240
Speaker 1: one thing that's happens fairly frequently is that they offer

395
00:23:02,320 --> 00:23:05,800
Speaker 1: you something to calm your nerves. Yes, because it turns

396
00:23:05,800 --> 00:23:08,240
Speaker 1: out when a lot of people, when they're thinking they're

397
00:23:08,240 --> 00:23:10,080
Speaker 1: going to be laying down on the table with someone

398
00:23:10,119 --> 00:23:13,480
Speaker 1: shooting laser beams into their eyes, they get a little anxious.

399
00:23:13,920 --> 00:23:16,240
Speaker 1: I can't imagine why. Actually, that's not the part that

400
00:23:16,280 --> 00:23:19,280
Speaker 1: makes me anxious, but we'll get into that. Um So,

401
00:23:19,359 --> 00:23:21,920
Speaker 1: you know it's the part immediately before the laser gets

402
00:23:21,920 --> 00:23:23,880
Speaker 1: shut into your eye. That would be the part. Yeah,

403
00:23:23,880 --> 00:23:26,240
Speaker 1: that's the part where it gets I'll score me so

404
00:23:26,480 --> 00:23:28,159
Speaker 1: and yeah, I mean basically they're going to set up

405
00:23:28,160 --> 00:23:31,440
Speaker 1: an appointment when you do your prep work. I don't

406
00:23:31,480 --> 00:23:33,920
Speaker 1: think that they actually would take you back immediately and

407
00:23:33,960 --> 00:23:35,800
Speaker 1: go all right, you look good, let's go. No, No,

408
00:23:35,960 --> 00:23:39,479
Speaker 1: it's usually it's usually a day or two between. Speaking

409
00:23:39,520 --> 00:23:42,399
Speaker 1: from my wife's experience, she went in and had the

410
00:23:43,040 --> 00:23:46,840
Speaker 1: um the work that there up work done, and then

411
00:23:47,000 --> 00:23:48,560
Speaker 1: it was a couple of days later after they had

412
00:23:48,600 --> 00:23:50,639
Speaker 1: had a chance to really look at the data and

413
00:23:51,000 --> 00:23:53,159
Speaker 1: they arranged for the time. And you also have to

414
00:23:53,280 --> 00:23:56,160
Speaker 1: go there with someone else to drive you home. Yes,

415
00:23:56,280 --> 00:23:58,200
Speaker 1: because you will not be able to use your eyeballs.

416
00:23:58,359 --> 00:24:00,920
Speaker 1: Yeah for that. Yeah, because actually you're going to have

417
00:24:01,040 --> 00:24:05,040
Speaker 1: some limited eyeball use ately afterwards. You can't put your

418
00:24:05,040 --> 00:24:08,480
Speaker 1: weight on them. Yeah, exactly. Um, use some eye crutches,

419
00:24:09,119 --> 00:24:13,480
Speaker 1: So I crunches. Um are those apple products? Um? No,

420
00:24:13,600 --> 00:24:18,080
Speaker 1: it's not the lower case I E. I see. Um.

421
00:24:18,400 --> 00:24:21,280
Speaker 1: So the next thing they're gonna do, once you're you're

422
00:24:21,840 --> 00:24:23,879
Speaker 1: sure you want to go through this, of course, they

423
00:24:23,920 --> 00:24:25,840
Speaker 1: also make you sign a waiver saying that you understand

424
00:24:25,880 --> 00:24:28,440
Speaker 1: that there are things going on where they're gonna shoot

425
00:24:28,480 --> 00:24:32,240
Speaker 1: lasers in your eyeballs and uh, there are risks involved

426
00:24:32,280 --> 00:24:34,720
Speaker 1: with that, and part of this depends a lot on

427
00:24:34,800 --> 00:24:39,360
Speaker 1: your cooperation, like still and and not running from the office. Screaming.

428
00:24:40,080 --> 00:24:43,399
Speaker 1: Um again, I'm just imagining what would happen with me.

429
00:24:43,760 --> 00:24:48,399
Speaker 1: They assuming your your nerves of steel are holding, are holding,

430
00:24:48,720 --> 00:24:51,480
Speaker 1: they will go ahead and put some topical anesthetic in

431
00:24:51,560 --> 00:24:54,040
Speaker 1: your eyes. Yes, so this is to numb your eyes

432
00:24:54,720 --> 00:24:58,159
Speaker 1: because they will need to touch them and uh. And

433
00:24:58,320 --> 00:25:00,840
Speaker 1: once you're once that started to take effect, you're lead

434
00:25:00,880 --> 00:25:04,280
Speaker 1: into the operating room where you lay down on a table.

435
00:25:04,280 --> 00:25:08,280
Speaker 1: It's usually a padded table and they position you so

436
00:25:08,520 --> 00:25:11,920
Speaker 1: that you're going to be under the machine that goes

437
00:25:12,000 --> 00:25:16,960
Speaker 1: ping and uh and and then they have to well,

438
00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:19,320
Speaker 1: they have to secure your eyelids so that you're not

439
00:25:19,359 --> 00:25:21,680
Speaker 1: going to be blinking. Yes, because you cannot blink, so

440
00:25:21,840 --> 00:25:25,200
Speaker 1: they may be using usually a combination of things. There's

441
00:25:25,240 --> 00:25:28,720
Speaker 1: usually some sort of tape that's safe to put on

442
00:25:28,920 --> 00:25:31,960
Speaker 1: your your eyelids to keep your eyes open. There's also

443
00:25:32,000 --> 00:25:35,439
Speaker 1: a device that will sit on top of the bottom

444
00:25:35,480 --> 00:25:37,560
Speaker 1: part and top part of your eyelids to keep those

445
00:25:38,080 --> 00:25:41,680
Speaker 1: them stationary. Um. This looks a lot like the device

446
00:25:41,760 --> 00:25:46,000
Speaker 1: that was used in a famous documentary called a clockwork orange. Um. Yeah,

447
00:25:46,040 --> 00:25:48,200
Speaker 1: it's a little freaky. If you're looking at someone who's

448
00:25:48,240 --> 00:25:51,520
Speaker 1: getting this done. The eyelids speculum. Yeah. Yeah, it's to

449
00:25:51,760 --> 00:25:53,960
Speaker 1: hold those eyelids in place, because of course, if you

450
00:25:54,000 --> 00:25:56,280
Speaker 1: blink what the laser is going, it's gonna totally mess

451
00:25:56,359 --> 00:25:58,840
Speaker 1: up the procedure. So they have to they have to

452
00:25:59,280 --> 00:26:04,959
Speaker 1: stabilize and keep your eyelids from moving. Um and uh.

453
00:26:05,359 --> 00:26:09,920
Speaker 1: They also put down a ring around your eye that

454
00:26:10,920 --> 00:26:13,119
Speaker 1: that stops you from being able to move your eye around.

455
00:26:13,400 --> 00:26:17,720
Speaker 1: You're you're looking directly up or directly straight straight ahead

456
00:26:18,320 --> 00:26:19,760
Speaker 1: is the best way of putting it. Not up as

457
00:26:19,840 --> 00:26:22,919
Speaker 1: in your eyes are turned up, but looking straightforward. It's

458
00:26:22,920 --> 00:26:24,840
Speaker 1: just because you're laying on your back, it just happens

459
00:26:24,840 --> 00:26:29,400
Speaker 1: to be up. And then as they the next step

460
00:26:29,480 --> 00:26:33,240
Speaker 1: is the squigly part. Are you ready, Chris, Okay, So

461
00:26:34,720 --> 00:26:39,320
Speaker 1: they pull out the microcra tome Yes, see they have to.

462
00:26:39,840 --> 00:26:44,480
Speaker 1: They're gonna put some marks on your cornea to identify

463
00:26:44,600 --> 00:26:48,359
Speaker 1: where it is, whether they're where they're going to use

464
00:26:48,480 --> 00:26:53,800
Speaker 1: the microcarra tome um. Basically, when you're dealing with something

465
00:26:53,840 --> 00:26:57,200
Speaker 1: as sensitive as vision, and you know, the professionals want

466
00:26:57,240 --> 00:26:58,760
Speaker 1: to do a good job, they're going to want to

467
00:26:58,800 --> 00:27:00,800
Speaker 1: be as accurate as possible, so they're going to mark

468
00:27:00,840 --> 00:27:06,080
Speaker 1: your cornea to make sure that they use the microcarratone right,

469
00:27:06,119 --> 00:27:08,879
Speaker 1: I don't even want to talk about it, Micart. What

470
00:27:09,000 --> 00:27:11,840
Speaker 1: it was. It's a surgical instrument. Okay, It's a blade,

471
00:27:12,400 --> 00:27:17,440
Speaker 1: a very thin blade, and this blade is used to

472
00:27:17,680 --> 00:27:21,640
Speaker 1: cut a flap in your cornia, which is then pulled

473
00:27:21,880 --> 00:27:26,920
Speaker 1: back so that the laser can shape the corn This

474
00:27:27,119 --> 00:27:30,040
Speaker 1: is this is this is entertaining and painful to watch.

475
00:27:30,160 --> 00:27:33,040
Speaker 1: This is the part that grosses me out. I'm sorry. Okay,

476
00:27:33,119 --> 00:27:37,119
Speaker 1: So yeah, so there's actually this and this is lazing.

477
00:27:37,280 --> 00:27:39,399
Speaker 1: There are other versions of laser ey surgery that do

478
00:27:39,560 --> 00:27:41,360
Speaker 1: not use this, and some of them don't even use

479
00:27:41,520 --> 00:27:45,960
Speaker 1: a microcarratone blade. They have a special laser that will

480
00:27:46,000 --> 00:27:49,080
Speaker 1: cut this flap. But in lazing eye surgery, there is

481
00:27:49,160 --> 00:27:51,520
Speaker 1: a flap that's cut and pulled back so that the

482
00:27:51,600 --> 00:27:54,160
Speaker 1: laser can start to shape the cornea without that outer

483
00:27:54,359 --> 00:27:59,840
Speaker 1: layer in place. And and so at this point, the

484
00:28:00,560 --> 00:28:03,760
Speaker 1: the laser, which is um called an uh well it

485
00:28:03,840 --> 00:28:06,520
Speaker 1: is an ex semer or x simer E x C

486
00:28:06,760 --> 00:28:09,120
Speaker 1: I M E R. Actually did not look up the pronunciation.

487
00:28:10,119 --> 00:28:12,240
Speaker 1: But this is the laser that does the actual shaping.

488
00:28:12,720 --> 00:28:17,119
Speaker 1: It starts to vaporize parts of the cornea. And what's

489
00:28:17,160 --> 00:28:22,360
Speaker 1: doing is it's shooting ultraviolet UH blasts and the lasers

490
00:28:22,400 --> 00:28:24,320
Speaker 1: in the ultra violet lank range, which means you can't

491
00:28:24,320 --> 00:28:27,720
Speaker 1: see it, right, it's outside the range of human sight UM.

492
00:28:27,960 --> 00:28:32,040
Speaker 1: And what it's doing is is exciting uh the molecules

493
00:28:32,200 --> 00:28:34,520
Speaker 1: in the cornea to the point where the molecular bonds

494
00:28:34,600 --> 00:28:37,359
Speaker 1: break down. So it's actually that's what I talk about

495
00:28:37,359 --> 00:28:40,920
Speaker 1: when vaporizing. It's not heating the eyeball up. Actually, a

496
00:28:41,000 --> 00:28:43,640
Speaker 1: cool laser I expect you to break down. And when

497
00:28:43,640 --> 00:28:45,720
Speaker 1: I mean cool laser, I don't mean that it's like

498
00:28:45,880 --> 00:28:48,880
Speaker 1: super awesome, although it is. I mean it doesn't heat

499
00:28:49,240 --> 00:28:51,960
Speaker 1: up the tissue. Now, remember earlier I mentioned that your

500
00:28:52,120 --> 00:28:55,040
Speaker 1: cornea has to be five microns are greater when they

501
00:28:55,040 --> 00:28:59,160
Speaker 1: start this procedure, and that's because when they're done using

502
00:28:59,200 --> 00:29:05,560
Speaker 1: this laser, there has to be between two microns of

503
00:29:05,760 --> 00:29:09,160
Speaker 1: thickness once they're done. Yeah, so there has to be

504
00:29:09,280 --> 00:29:11,800
Speaker 1: enough for them to leave the proper amount once they're finished,

505
00:29:11,840 --> 00:29:14,640
Speaker 1: otherwise you can't do this. So now, now using this

506
00:29:14,840 --> 00:29:19,280
Speaker 1: laser to vaporize these molecular bonds and to reshape your cornea.

507
00:29:19,480 --> 00:29:23,760
Speaker 1: That's essentially the same thing on on a grand concept

508
00:29:23,880 --> 00:29:29,000
Speaker 1: level as grinding a glasses lens. So that's gonna been light.

509
00:29:29,040 --> 00:29:30,680
Speaker 1: The way way it's the same thing is just we're

510
00:29:30,760 --> 00:29:32,960
Speaker 1: using lasers and your actual eye to do it, which

511
00:29:33,000 --> 00:29:37,760
Speaker 1: is pretty phenomenally awesome. It's also kind of scary. Um

512
00:29:37,880 --> 00:29:40,320
Speaker 1: not at the end of it. After it might take

513
00:29:40,640 --> 00:29:44,400
Speaker 1: I don't know, seventeen to twenty seconds to do this, Chris,

514
00:29:44,520 --> 00:29:47,840
Speaker 1: because be okay, okay, yeah, per ie. Um. They then

515
00:29:48,200 --> 00:29:52,120
Speaker 1: replace the flap back down on your eye and it heals.

516
00:29:52,600 --> 00:29:55,320
Speaker 1: I mean, it sets down in place and is is

517
00:29:56,080 --> 00:29:59,320
Speaker 1: healing as soon as it touches back down. That is

518
00:29:59,360 --> 00:30:01,959
Speaker 1: one of the very cool things I think about that. Um.

519
00:30:02,080 --> 00:30:05,840
Speaker 1: They the doctor will also probably put a little antibiotic

520
00:30:05,920 --> 00:30:07,840
Speaker 1: on the flap just to make sure that there are

521
00:30:07,880 --> 00:30:11,720
Speaker 1: no bacteria getting in there. Yeah, but but it maybe

522
00:30:11,720 --> 00:30:14,800
Speaker 1: it starts to to heal, which is pretty phenomenal. Um.

523
00:30:15,520 --> 00:30:19,320
Speaker 1: The the whole process only takes, like I said, about

524
00:30:19,360 --> 00:30:22,720
Speaker 1: twenty seconds per eye. Uh and uh. Usually when you're

525
00:30:23,000 --> 00:30:25,360
Speaker 1: down there, you'll hear people talk about how the doctor

526
00:30:25,400 --> 00:30:28,040
Speaker 1: told him to look at, say like a blinking red light.

527
00:30:28,800 --> 00:30:31,440
Speaker 1: That red light is not the laser. That's just a

528
00:30:31,560 --> 00:30:35,120
Speaker 1: light that let's focus folk. Yeah, you're supposed to focus

529
00:30:35,240 --> 00:30:37,760
Speaker 1: on that while this ultra violet laser is blast in

530
00:30:37,840 --> 00:30:41,600
Speaker 1: your your cornea way. Um. And then once the flap

531
00:30:41,680 --> 00:30:44,280
Speaker 1: comes down, you're usually you're given several different kinds of

532
00:30:44,360 --> 00:30:49,120
Speaker 1: eye drops before you leave. Uh. There's a moisturizing eye drop,

533
00:30:49,200 --> 00:30:52,400
Speaker 1: because after you get this process done, your eyes are

534
00:30:52,440 --> 00:30:55,720
Speaker 1: gonna have a little bit of difficulty uh, generating the

535
00:30:55,880 --> 00:30:58,000
Speaker 1: right kind of moisture to keep your eyes comfortable, so

536
00:30:58,080 --> 00:30:59,920
Speaker 1: you're gonna have to actually endit. Eye drops in on

537
00:31:00,000 --> 00:31:03,200
Speaker 1: a pretty regular basis. In fact, the first couple of days,

538
00:31:03,320 --> 00:31:05,880
Speaker 1: it's it's like every hour you've got to add eye drops,

539
00:31:06,280 --> 00:31:09,120
Speaker 1: and then as the time goes on, you have to

540
00:31:09,520 --> 00:31:11,959
Speaker 1: use them less and less frequently. And my wife at

541
00:31:12,000 --> 00:31:15,560
Speaker 1: this point rarely ever uses eye drops, but for the

542
00:31:15,640 --> 00:31:18,720
Speaker 1: first year she was using them on on a fairly

543
00:31:18,760 --> 00:31:21,880
Speaker 1: regular basis, although that that schedule changed over time, like

544
00:31:21,960 --> 00:31:23,960
Speaker 1: after the first three months, it didn't need to be

545
00:31:24,080 --> 00:31:27,000
Speaker 1: as frequent, um, and now it's it's rare when she

546
00:31:27,080 --> 00:31:30,520
Speaker 1: needs them, but occasionally she does. Uh. And then you

547
00:31:30,640 --> 00:31:32,840
Speaker 1: might also have antibotic eye drops that you might have

548
00:31:32,920 --> 00:31:35,600
Speaker 1: to add every now and then. And some places apparently

549
00:31:35,680 --> 00:31:37,920
Speaker 1: put give you a kind of gel that you put

550
00:31:38,000 --> 00:31:40,280
Speaker 1: on the inside of your lower eyelids so that when

551
00:31:40,320 --> 00:31:43,560
Speaker 1: you're asleep, it keeps your eye moisturized while you're sleeping.

552
00:31:43,600 --> 00:31:46,560
Speaker 1: My wife, I don't remember her getting that, UM. I

553
00:31:46,600 --> 00:31:48,920
Speaker 1: should have asked her before I left the house this morning,

554
00:31:49,000 --> 00:31:52,040
Speaker 1: but I do not recall her getting that kind of stuff.

555
00:31:52,040 --> 00:31:53,920
Speaker 1: I do remember the other kinds of eye drops though.

556
00:31:55,080 --> 00:31:58,480
Speaker 1: And then they of course schedule, as you know, a

557
00:31:58,520 --> 00:32:03,200
Speaker 1: lot of surgical procedures. UM. They also schedule regular appointments,

558
00:32:03,320 --> 00:32:06,240
Speaker 1: even even as as soon as the next day, to

559
00:32:06,400 --> 00:32:12,520
Speaker 1: make sure okay UM. And then gradually as time goes on, uh,

560
00:32:13,040 --> 00:32:15,160
Speaker 1: you know, they check less frequently. You know, there'll be

561
00:32:15,240 --> 00:32:17,880
Speaker 1: a year check up, but you know it's one day,

562
00:32:18,000 --> 00:32:20,680
Speaker 1: and then they'll check the next week, the next month, UM,

563
00:32:21,080 --> 00:32:24,680
Speaker 1: an increasing increasingly longer periods, just to make sure everything

564
00:32:24,760 --> 00:32:26,239
Speaker 1: is healing the way it's supposed to, Just to make

565
00:32:26,240 --> 00:32:29,280
Speaker 1: sure that there are um, that your eyes are doing

566
00:32:29,360 --> 00:32:31,680
Speaker 1: what they're supposed to do when you're not suffering any

567
00:32:31,960 --> 00:32:34,400
Speaker 1: ill effects from the surgery. Because in the case of

568
00:32:34,800 --> 00:32:38,280
Speaker 1: I mean, there there are times when the flap can

569
00:32:38,320 --> 00:32:40,640
Speaker 1: get a wrinkle in it. Yeah, I was wondering if

570
00:32:40,680 --> 00:32:42,760
Speaker 1: we're going to get into that. Yeah, that can happens

571
00:32:42,840 --> 00:32:44,480
Speaker 1: like that. That can cause a little bit of blurry

572
00:32:44,600 --> 00:32:48,840
Speaker 1: vision and may require a second surgical procedure in order

573
00:32:48,880 --> 00:32:53,880
Speaker 1: to get it straightened out, so so speak. Um. Also,

574
00:32:54,040 --> 00:32:56,960
Speaker 1: you know there's a possibility that they may remove too

575
00:32:57,040 --> 00:33:03,440
Speaker 1: little or too much of the corn. Yeah. Uh, yeah,

576
00:33:03,520 --> 00:33:05,240
Speaker 1: they have to be That's why they have that's why

577
00:33:05,280 --> 00:33:08,320
Speaker 1: they're doing that whole long pre ops sections so that

578
00:33:08,440 --> 00:33:12,280
Speaker 1: they can determine that as precisely as possible to to

579
00:33:12,400 --> 00:33:15,440
Speaker 1: reduce that risk as much as they can. And of course,

580
00:33:15,480 --> 00:33:17,960
Speaker 1: again this also depends a lot on the patient. You

581
00:33:18,120 --> 00:33:19,880
Speaker 1: have to be able to lay there and be still

582
00:33:20,000 --> 00:33:22,440
Speaker 1: while your eye is being held open and lasers are

583
00:33:22,480 --> 00:33:24,480
Speaker 1: being shot into it after someone's cut a flap in it.

584
00:33:25,560 --> 00:33:27,200
Speaker 1: It's a little it's a bit of a challenge for

585
00:33:27,280 --> 00:33:30,080
Speaker 1: some of us. Um. Let's talk really quickly about some

586
00:33:30,160 --> 00:33:32,560
Speaker 1: of the other kinds of laser eye surgery besides lazing.

587
00:33:33,920 --> 00:33:36,960
Speaker 1: The one of the the precursors to lazing, and it's

588
00:33:36,960 --> 00:33:39,120
Speaker 1: still in use in a lot of places, is PRK

589
00:33:39,640 --> 00:33:44,720
Speaker 1: laser ice surgery. Or photo refractive care TEC to me, Wow,

590
00:33:44,920 --> 00:33:46,240
Speaker 1: I didn't know I was gonna be able to say that.

591
00:33:46,560 --> 00:33:50,480
Speaker 1: In this one, they actually scrape away the outermost layer

592
00:33:50,520 --> 00:33:54,200
Speaker 1: of the cornea with the laser and then reshape the

593
00:33:54,280 --> 00:33:59,360
Speaker 1: tissue on the underlying surface of the cornea UM and

594
00:33:59,440 --> 00:34:01,360
Speaker 1: then they have and then you have to allow the

595
00:34:02,200 --> 00:34:05,560
Speaker 1: the protective layer that was scraped off to grow back,

596
00:34:05,720 --> 00:34:08,520
Speaker 1: So there's actually a longer healing period with PRK than

597
00:34:08,560 --> 00:34:12,239
Speaker 1: with lazing. They can use that process to h to

598
00:34:12,400 --> 00:34:15,600
Speaker 1: work on near sidedness and a stigmatism at the same time, however,

599
00:34:15,680 --> 00:34:19,759
Speaker 1: which is nice. Yep. And uh, then there's lazac with

600
00:34:19,920 --> 00:34:22,839
Speaker 1: an e. The lasic we're talking about is with an eye,

601
00:34:23,920 --> 00:34:27,480
Speaker 1: but LAZAC is a slightly more advanced version of PRK

602
00:34:27,640 --> 00:34:31,520
Speaker 1: that uses um alcohol and solution to soften and then

603
00:34:31,640 --> 00:34:35,640
Speaker 1: remove the epithelium, which is that protective layer, the almost

604
00:34:35,719 --> 00:34:41,560
Speaker 1: layer of the cornea. Yeah, LASAC is laser epithelial curatatamliusis Yeah,

605
00:34:42,120 --> 00:34:44,239
Speaker 1: I think I didn't mangle that terribly yep. And then

606
00:34:44,280 --> 00:34:47,960
Speaker 1: there's epilasac, the modified version of that that uses a

607
00:34:48,040 --> 00:34:53,120
Speaker 1: separator so that the because then in the traditional lazec

608
00:34:53,160 --> 00:34:57,640
Speaker 1: you're actually removing the epithelium entirely, and epilasic you're creating

609
00:34:57,680 --> 00:35:01,000
Speaker 1: a separator so that you preserve that epithelium and then

610
00:35:01,080 --> 00:35:03,279
Speaker 1: replace it on the ice. So it's like you take

611
00:35:03,320 --> 00:35:05,640
Speaker 1: the cover off, fiddle around a bit, and put the

612
00:35:05,680 --> 00:35:09,239
Speaker 1: cover back on. It's probably a better eye surgeons out

613
00:35:09,280 --> 00:35:12,400
Speaker 1: there just love me for saying that. Um. There's l

614
00:35:12,440 --> 00:35:18,399
Speaker 1: t K or laser thermo keratoplasty. Uh. Now that it's

615
00:35:18,480 --> 00:35:22,120
Speaker 1: used mainly for far sightedness and a stigmatism, and in

616
00:35:22,239 --> 00:35:24,640
Speaker 1: this case they actually are using heat. They're using the

617
00:35:24,760 --> 00:35:28,040
Speaker 1: heat of a laser beam to shrink and reshape the

618
00:35:28,160 --> 00:35:31,480
Speaker 1: cornea rather than removing it, so they're actually reshaping it.

619
00:35:31,560 --> 00:35:35,480
Speaker 1: They're pushing the stuff around as opposed to cutting it away. Um.

620
00:35:35,719 --> 00:35:38,799
Speaker 1: And it's supposedly a much faster healing process than most

621
00:35:38,880 --> 00:35:42,640
Speaker 1: other kinds of corrective surgery, and it's generally considered to

622
00:35:42,680 --> 00:35:49,960
Speaker 1: be less invasive. So it's uh, that's an interesting approach.

623
00:35:50,040 --> 00:35:55,240
Speaker 1: There's also there's a custom view lazic, conventional intra lazic,

624
00:35:55,440 --> 00:35:59,320
Speaker 1: custom view intra lazic. These are all variations on the

625
00:35:59,440 --> 00:36:04,279
Speaker 1: basic lasic approach. Basic LAZIC, and there are of course

626
00:36:04,360 --> 00:36:07,600
Speaker 1: complications with some of these. We mentioned some before. I've

627
00:36:07,680 --> 00:36:11,160
Speaker 1: I've known people to undergo LASIC and complain of some

628
00:36:11,239 --> 00:36:14,440
Speaker 1: problems with night vision where they see halos. There's a

629
00:36:14,480 --> 00:36:18,960
Speaker 1: lot of that where everyone looks like master chief no. Um.

630
00:36:19,160 --> 00:36:21,200
Speaker 1: Basically when you look at a light source, it looks

631
00:36:21,239 --> 00:36:25,120
Speaker 1: like it has shimmering circle around it. Yeah. Yeah, especially

632
00:36:25,200 --> 00:36:27,080
Speaker 1: things for like if you're driving at night and you'll

633
00:36:27,120 --> 00:36:30,600
Speaker 1: know no halos around headlights, things like that. Or you're

634
00:36:30,640 --> 00:36:33,920
Speaker 1: sensitive to bright light. Yeah, yeah, you're light sensitivity. Especially

635
00:36:34,000 --> 00:36:36,560
Speaker 1: for the first few days, it's probably gonna be a little, uh,

636
00:36:36,880 --> 00:36:39,200
Speaker 1: a little rough. But for some people it just it

637
00:36:39,320 --> 00:36:41,880
Speaker 1: stays that way. So like my wife, she wears sunglasses

638
00:36:41,880 --> 00:36:44,799
Speaker 1: a lot more frequently than she used to. And uh

639
00:36:45,200 --> 00:36:50,120
Speaker 1: for for some people too, I've heard that in some cases, uh,

640
00:36:50,239 --> 00:36:54,000
Speaker 1: it is possible for your eyes basically to slowly regress

641
00:36:54,080 --> 00:36:58,400
Speaker 1: to where they were before. Um. I don't know exactly

642
00:36:58,440 --> 00:37:00,280
Speaker 1: why that is. You know, I have read report works

643
00:37:00,440 --> 00:37:04,040
Speaker 1: that that it happens. Um. But and you know, some

644
00:37:04,160 --> 00:37:07,360
Speaker 1: people who have and you know, enjoyed the benefits of

645
00:37:07,400 --> 00:37:09,680
Speaker 1: the surgery for years. And then there are others who

646
00:37:10,400 --> 00:37:13,560
Speaker 1: gradually returned to uh to the way they were before.

647
00:37:13,880 --> 00:37:16,360
Speaker 1: I'm sure that it probably since since part of the

648
00:37:16,400 --> 00:37:19,120
Speaker 1: cornea has been removed, I would imagine that it's probably

649
00:37:19,160 --> 00:37:22,680
Speaker 1: not as uh drastic change so it was. But I've

650
00:37:22,719 --> 00:37:25,400
Speaker 1: I've read that that that can happen. I would imagine

651
00:37:25,440 --> 00:37:27,400
Speaker 1: if you have some sort of condition that continues to

652
00:37:27,719 --> 00:37:30,239
Speaker 1: change the shape of your eyeball, that would be it

653
00:37:30,280 --> 00:37:32,359
Speaker 1: would be a big problem because the focal point would

654
00:37:32,360 --> 00:37:35,759
Speaker 1: constantly be changing then or gradually be changing. Yes, well,

655
00:37:35,800 --> 00:37:38,320
Speaker 1: I think that wraps up this discussion about laser eye surgery,

656
00:37:38,440 --> 00:37:42,520
Speaker 1: which I was it was interesting. I mean, it's an

657
00:37:42,560 --> 00:37:45,600
Speaker 1: interesting concept. It's also I agree it's a little square mey.

658
00:37:46,280 --> 00:37:48,560
Speaker 1: You know, they're I don't like the whole idea of

659
00:37:48,640 --> 00:37:51,680
Speaker 1: people messing with my balls. Well, not a lot of

660
00:37:51,719 --> 00:37:54,440
Speaker 1: people are fall into that category, and it's not just us, um,

661
00:37:54,719 --> 00:37:57,720
Speaker 1: But for the most part, I have heard very positive

662
00:37:57,800 --> 00:38:00,359
Speaker 1: things about these eye surgeries. And you know, if it's

663
00:38:00,400 --> 00:38:03,279
Speaker 1: something that sounds sounds good to you, now you know

664
00:38:03,280 --> 00:38:06,040
Speaker 1: a little bit more about how it works. Um. And

665
00:38:06,239 --> 00:38:08,000
Speaker 1: here's the other thing that's kind of cool. Again, if

666
00:38:08,040 --> 00:38:10,720
Speaker 1: you go to a reputable clinic, they're going to actually

667
00:38:10,800 --> 00:38:14,279
Speaker 1: explain how this works to you in very simple terms,

668
00:38:14,640 --> 00:38:16,839
Speaker 1: because they want to make sure that you know. Part

669
00:38:16,880 --> 00:38:18,840
Speaker 1: of being an ideal candidate is being the kind of

670
00:38:18,920 --> 00:38:20,480
Speaker 1: candidate is not going to freak out when you're on

671
00:38:20,560 --> 00:38:24,880
Speaker 1: the table that rules me out, darn to al Right, guys, Well,

672
00:38:24,880 --> 00:38:27,920
Speaker 1: if you have any uh anything you would like us

673
00:38:27,960 --> 00:38:29,759
Speaker 1: to talk about, any topics you think it would be

674
00:38:29,800 --> 00:38:32,680
Speaker 1: particularly interesting, you can let us know. Shoot us an

675
00:38:32,719 --> 00:38:36,120
Speaker 1: email that addresses tech stuff at how stuff Works dot com,

676
00:38:36,360 --> 00:38:39,240
Speaker 1: or you can let us know on Twitter and Facebook

677
00:38:39,320 --> 00:38:42,480
Speaker 1: are handled, there is tech stuff H s W and

678
00:38:42,560 --> 00:38:45,040
Speaker 1: Chris and I will talk to you again really soon.

679
00:38:47,360 --> 00:38:49,920
Speaker 1: Be sure to check out our new video podcast, Stuff

680
00:38:49,960 --> 00:38:52,520
Speaker 1: from the Future. Join how Stuff Work staff as we

681
00:38:52,640 --> 00:38:57,400
Speaker 1: explore the most promising and perplexing possibilities of tomorrow. The

682
00:38:57,480 --> 00:39:00,040
Speaker 1: How Stuff Works I Find app has arrived. Download it

683
00:39:00,160 --> 00:39:07,520
Speaker 1: today on iTunes, brought to you by the reinvented two

684
00:39:07,560 --> 00:39:09,920
Speaker 1: thousand twelve camera. It's ready, are you