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Speaker 1: Today's podcast is brought to you by Squarespace. Make your

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Speaker 1: it Professional, Make It Beautiful. Hey, I'm Chuck and I'm

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Speaker 1: Josh and we're the host of Stuff. You should know

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Speaker 1: the podcast that's right and if you're into understanding cool

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Speaker 1: and unusual and seemingly ordinary and even boring things that

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Speaker 1: are made interesting, you should check us out. Please and

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Speaker 1: thank you. We're on iTunes, Spotify, Google Play Music, anywhere

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Speaker 1: you get podcasts. Welcome to you, stuph you missed in

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Speaker 1: history class from how Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and

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Speaker 1: welcome to the podcast. I'm Holly Fry and I'm tra

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Speaker 1: C V Wilson. Uh So. After World War One, the

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Speaker 1: United States was in the midst of a lot of

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Speaker 1: social unrest. There were a lot of financial issues facing

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Speaker 1: the nation in the form of inflation and unemployment and

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Speaker 1: labor strikes. In nineteen seventeen, the Bolshevik Revolution, which established

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Speaker 1: the world's first communist nation, terrified Americans, and after the

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Speaker 1: war ended in November of nineteen eighteen, there was a

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Speaker 1: very pervasive fear, which came to be known as the

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Speaker 1: Red scare, that radicals in the United States would try

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Speaker 1: to stage a similar revolution. Additionally, the Spanish flu pandemic

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Speaker 1: that had started in nineteen eighteen also had people on edge. Additionally,

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Speaker 1: there was a lot of racism that was blowing up

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Speaker 1: in the form of violence. Uh. In short, the US

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Speaker 1: was in the state of feeling helpless and uncertain and

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Speaker 1: uneasy all the time. And this is kind of the

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Speaker 1: setting of what we were talking about today, which is

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Speaker 1: the Palmer Raids. And this is going to be a

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Speaker 1: two part episode, uh. And there are a lot of

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Speaker 1: moving parts to it, Like we're kind of jumping around

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Speaker 1: a little bit, where we'll talk about one thing for

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Speaker 1: a moment, and then another thing for a moment, and

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Speaker 1: then another. Uh. They're sort of in separate sections, but

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Speaker 1: they eventually all become part of this bigger picture. And

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Speaker 1: so the first thing that we're going to talk about

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Speaker 1: is actually the Sedition Act of nineteen eighteen. On my sixteenth,

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Speaker 1: the Sedition Act was passed by the US Congress, and

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Speaker 1: this act expanded on the previously existing Espionage Act of

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Speaker 1: nineteen seventeen. The Espionage Act had made a crime to

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Speaker 1: traffic and information with the intention that that sharing would

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Speaker 1: harm the United States and the war effort, or assist

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Speaker 1: any enemies of the United States, and the Sedition Act

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Speaker 1: was both more expansive and more focused. Anti war activists, pacifists,

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Speaker 1: and socialists were all targeted in its wording, and under

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Speaker 1: the Sedition Act, it became illegal to make false statements

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Speaker 1: that interfered with the war effort. It was illegal to

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Speaker 1: insult or in any way abuse the US government or

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Speaker 1: its representative, flag, military, or the Constitution. Agitating against the

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Speaker 1: production of war materials was also covered, as well as

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Speaker 1: teaching or defending any of the actions that were made

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Speaker 1: illegal in the language of the Act. The punishments outlined

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Speaker 1: in the Sedition Act were the same as those described

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Speaker 1: in the Espionage Act. If anyone was found guilty of

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Speaker 1: the crimes described, they could be fined up to ten

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Speaker 1: thousand dollars or jailed for twenty years, and both of

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Speaker 1: these punishments could be sentenced at the same time. So

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Speaker 1: keep the Sedition Act and the Espionage Act in mind.

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Speaker 1: But next we are going to hop to a different thing,

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Speaker 1: and we are going to talk briefly about a postal clerk.

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Speaker 1: And that man was named Charles Kaplan, and he was

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Speaker 1: a postal clerk working in New York City's main post

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Speaker 1: office in nineteen nineteen. And on April nineteen nineteen, over

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Speaker 1: the course of his normal work, he encountered sixteen small

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Speaker 1: parcels and they were all virtually identical, both visually UH

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Speaker 1: and in the fact that they all had insufficient postage.

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Speaker 1: And Kaplan set these parcels aside to be returned to

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Speaker 1: the sender at the return address on the package, which

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Speaker 1: was UH an address that was Gimbal Brothers, thirty Second

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Speaker 1: Street in Broadway, New York City, and they were marked

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Speaker 1: novelty samples. A few days later, while riding the train

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Speaker 1: home from work in the wee hours of April nine,

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Speaker 1: Caplan read the paper and one of the stories he

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Speaker 1: read detailed a small parcel, and the description of this

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Speaker 1: parcel was almost identical to these he had set aside

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Speaker 1: on the this parcel was delivered to former U. S.

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Speaker 1: Senator Thomas Hardwick in Atlanta, Georgia, and when Hardwick's made

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Speaker 1: open the package, it exploded. Both the maid and Hardwick

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Speaker 1: had survived, although the maid had been really injured by

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Speaker 1: the blast, and there was a lot of property damage. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: descriptions of her injuries very a little bit. They're pretty brief.

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Speaker 1: Some will say that her hands were actually blown off,

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Speaker 1: Others will say that they were crippled in some way,

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Speaker 1: but she was very, very injured. Kaplan immediately exited the train.

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Speaker 1: He jumped off at the next stop, and he ran

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Speaker 1: back to the post office. Uh and those sixteen brown

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Speaker 1: paper wrapped parcels that were in the store room that

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Speaker 1: he had set aside. The parcels, which indeed matched the

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Speaker 1: description that Kaplan had just read in the paper, had

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Speaker 1: not moved on to their next step in the process

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Speaker 1: of being returned. So Kaplan notified Postal Inspector W. E. Cochrane,

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Speaker 1: and the authorities were immediately called the New York City

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Speaker 1: Bureau of Combustibles, which is sort of fabulous name and

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Speaker 1: no longer exists in that particular nomenclature, opened some of

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Speaker 1: the parcels along with Cochrane because he was extremely good

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Speaker 1: at this. Apparently, upon examination by the Combustibles Bureau, these

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Speaker 1: parcels were deemed infernal machines, another kind of great name

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Speaker 1: for something really terrible they were. Today they would be

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Speaker 1: labeled as incendiary devices. They were addressed to JP Morgan Jr.

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Speaker 1: John D. Rockefeller, Mayor John F. Highland Police Commissioner, Richard

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Speaker 1: in Right, and a number of other well known businessmen,

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Speaker 1: politician and judges. So Kaplan had unwittingly discovered a serial bombing.

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Speaker 1: So after receiving all of this information, Postmaster General Albert

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Speaker 1: Burlison sent out an alert to all postal offices describing

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Speaker 1: these bomb parcels, with instructions to be on the lookout

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Speaker 1: for similar packages. The next day, one turned up in Salisbury,

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Speaker 1: North Carol linea addressed to State Senator Lee Slater Overman.

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Speaker 1: Additional parcels that all were identical, were identified in Nebraska

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Speaker 1: and Utah. In total, three dozen male bombs were eventually

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Speaker 1: found and identified. When the bombs were taken apart, they

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Speaker 1: were all identical in construction and experts were unable to

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Speaker 1: find a single fingerprint on any of the components. Manufacturers

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Speaker 1: of the type of paper that was used to wrap

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Speaker 1: the boxes, shared a list of all the dealers who

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Speaker 1: had been sold that type of paper in the proceeding

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Speaker 1: twelve months, and the government government authorities followed up on

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Speaker 1: all of those leads in an effort to identify who

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Speaker 1: ultimately bought the paper from the dealers, and it was

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Speaker 1: determined as well that an Oliver brand typewriter with a

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Speaker 1: misaligned lowercase W key and a defective lower case K

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Speaker 1: key was used to type the address labels on the boxes.

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Speaker 1: The labels with the Novelty samples Gimbal Brothers return address

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Speaker 1: determined to be forgeries and not the actual stationary of

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Speaker 1: that company. The investigation next led to a house on

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Speaker 1: West forty five Street where a number of other explosives

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Speaker 1: were cash, but what wasn't clear was who was collecting

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Speaker 1: all this material, Although investigations continued. We'll talk more about

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Speaker 1: the mail bombs and their coverage in the press and

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Speaker 1: just a moment, but first we're going to pause for

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Speaker 1: The discovery of those bomb parcels, which came to be

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Speaker 1: known as the May Day bomb plot, led to a panic.

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Speaker 1: A front page story in the New York Times on

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Speaker 1: May fourth read quote, there are more than two thousand

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Speaker 1: radical agitators in New York City who have been preaching

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Speaker 1: Bolshevism and the overthrow of the United States government, and

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Speaker 1: every one of these persons is now under investigation by

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Speaker 1: federal and local authorities. According to that same news article,

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Speaker 1: more than of those two thousand people where quote citizens

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Speaker 1: or subjects of foreign nations. Many were expected to be

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Speaker 1: deported with the process described in the following manner. Quote.

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Speaker 1: It is generally understood that a large number of them

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Speaker 1: are now being considered for deportation as persons whose presence

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Speaker 1: in this country is undesirable. All persons recommended for deportation

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Speaker 1: have to be passed upon by the Attorney General and

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Speaker 1: Secretary of Labor in Washington. Before the recommendation can be

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Speaker 1: carried into effect, an official from the Department of Justice

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Speaker 1: gave statements to the press that it was believed that

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Speaker 1: Bolshevik and Industrial Workers in the World i w W

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Speaker 1: papers were not only circulating in abundance in the United States,

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Speaker 1: but that the Bolshevik movement in North America was being

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Speaker 1: funded directly from the Lenin Trotsky government. The i w

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Speaker 1: W for Information was and still is a labor union

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Speaker 1: that was founded in nineteen o six in Chicago, and

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Speaker 1: the i w W was believed by the Department of

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Speaker 1: Justice to have a large reserve fund of its own

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Speaker 1: to promote an agenda of government sabotage. This brings us

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Speaker 1: around the Attorney General at the time, Attorney General Alexander

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Speaker 1: Mitchell Palmer or A. Mitchell Palmer and He was born

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Speaker 1: on May fourth, eighteen seventy two, in Moosehead, Pennsylvania. He

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Speaker 1: grew up a Quaker, first attending public schools and then

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Speaker 1: Moravian Parochial School before moving on to Swathmore College in Pennsylvania.

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Speaker 1: He graduated summa cum laude in eighteen ninety one and

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Speaker 1: went on to study law at Lafayette College and George

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Speaker 1: Washington University. Although he didn't finish his law degree, he

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Speaker 1: he did pass the bar exam in Pennsylvania and started

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Speaker 1: his law career in eighteen ninety three in Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.

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Speaker 1: Early on in his professional career, he also became involved

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Speaker 1: in politics. Palmer was elected to the U. S. House

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Speaker 1: of Representatives in nineteen o five, and he held that

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Speaker 1: role for a number of years. His last re election

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Speaker 1: bid that he won was nineteen twelve, and during that

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Speaker 1: period that he served as a representative, he was instrumental

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Speaker 1: as a steady supporter and campaigner in securing the nineteen

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Speaker 1: twelve Democratic presidential nomination for Woodrow Wilson. Once Wilson was

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Speaker 1: in office, Palmer made the move to run for a

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Speaker 1: seat in the Senate in nineteen fourteen, but he lost

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Speaker 1: the election. Although he lost that race, he was soon

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Speaker 1: given a different sort of promotion by appointment, because Woodrow

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Speaker 1: Wilson appointed him to the U. S. Court of Claims

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Speaker 1: as a judge. But only a few months into that appointment,

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Speaker 1: Palmer changed his mind about the job and decided that

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Speaker 1: instead he wanted to go back into private law practice. Later,

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Speaker 1: Woodrow Wilson offered him another position, that of set Arry

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Speaker 1: of War, but Palmer turned it down, citing his Quaker

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Speaker 1: beliefs as the reason that he could not take that job.

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Speaker 1: Once the United States entered World War One, Palmer was

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Speaker 1: named Alien Property Custodian by President Wilson, and he did

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Speaker 1: take that job. That office was established on October twelfth,

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Speaker 1: nineteen seventeen, under authority of the Trading with the Enemy

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Speaker 1: Act to assume control and dispose of enemy owned property

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Speaker 1: in the United States and its possessions. So President Wilson

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Speaker 1: ultimately put Palmer into an even higher position in nineteen

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Speaker 1: nineteen when he named him Attorney General of the United States,

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Speaker 1: and Palmer started that job on March five of nineteen nineteen.

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Speaker 1: And initially there was criticism from Republicans that Palmer wasn't

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Speaker 1: aggressive enough in pursuing subversives who might wish to take

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Speaker 1: down the US government, but Palmer, eager to gain favor

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Speaker 1: as he had plans for a presidential bid, would eventually

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Speaker 1: earn the nickname the Fighting Quaker for the fervor with

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Speaker 1: which he carried out his duties. On the night of

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Speaker 1: June second, nineteen nineteen, just a few months into Palmer's

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Speaker 1: time as Attorney General, a man named Carlo Valdanocci approached

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Speaker 1: Attorney General Palmer's Washington, d c. Home. He had a

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Speaker 1: parcel with him, and the parcel contained a bomb. Palmer

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Speaker 1: himself had gone upstairs to retire for the evening about

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Speaker 1: fifteen minutes earlier, but valdanocs and scendiary device went off

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Speaker 1: while he was carrying it, and the front and a

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Speaker 1: significant portion of the bottom level of Palmer's home was damaged.

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Speaker 1: That's also killed Valdanocci. Yeah, Palmer had been in office

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Speaker 1: during that made a plot uncovery, but people thought he

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Speaker 1: was not very strong about it about following up on it. However,

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Speaker 1: this suddenly came to his own door and things changed significantly.

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Speaker 1: That bomb had been quite powerful, so it had, in

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Speaker 1: addition to blowing out the bottom floor of his house,

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Speaker 1: it had blown out the windows of the home across

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Speaker 1: the street as well, which was where Franklin and Eleanor

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Speaker 1: Roosevelt were living at the time. And it was Roosevelt

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Speaker 1: who had run across the street to offer assistance and Palmer,

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Speaker 1: who had run downstairs, who found the remains of Valdenocci's

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Speaker 1: body and anarchist literature that he had been carrying, which

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Speaker 1: led to the conclusion that this had been a terrorist

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Speaker 1: plot gone wrong. Also, this bomb at Palmer's home was

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Speaker 1: not an isolated incident. In the ninety minutes that followed

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Speaker 1: Valdinotte's explosion, seven other bombs exploded in New York, Pittsburgh, Boston, Cleveland, Philadelphia,

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Speaker 1: and Paterson, New Jersey, and among the targets were three judges,

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Speaker 1: a mayor, a state legislator, legislator, a Catholic priest, and

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Speaker 1: a prominent police officer, along with two businessmen. The coordinated

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Speaker 1: bombings had resulted in the death of a night watchman

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Speaker 1: named William Bayner in New York, although he had not

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Speaker 1: been one of the targets. Yeah, none of the actual

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Speaker 1: targets were killed in those those bombings. There are also

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Speaker 1: some accounts that suggest there were some other bystanders that

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Speaker 1: were injured, and some will even say they were killed,

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Speaker 1: but I couldn't verify any of those. The night watchman

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Speaker 1: is the only one that consistently comes up over and over,

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Speaker 1: so along with each bomb that had been delivered, there

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Speaker 1: were also several copies of flyers with the title plain

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Speaker 1: Words and I'm going to read part of it. It's

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Speaker 1: quite long, but I'm taking excerpts, and it reads The

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Speaker 1: powers that be make no secret of their will to

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Speaker 1: stop here in America the worldwide spread of revolution. The

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Speaker 1: powers that be must reckon that they will have to

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Speaker 1: accept the fight that they have provoked. Do not expect

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Speaker 1: us to sit down and pray and cry. We accept

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Speaker 1: your challenge and mean to stick to our war duties.

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Speaker 1: We know that all you do is for your defense

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Speaker 1: as a class. We know also that the proletariat has

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Speaker 1: the same right to protect itself. Since their press has

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Speaker 1: been suffocated, their mouths muzzled, we mean to speak for

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Speaker 1: them the voice of dynamite through the mouth of guns.

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Speaker 1: Do not say that we are acting cow wardly because

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Speaker 1: we keep hiding. Do not say it is abominable. It

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Speaker 1: is war, class war, and you were the first to

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Speaker 1: wage it under cover of the powerful institutions you call order,

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Speaker 1: in the darkness of your laws, behind the guns of

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Speaker 1: your bone headed slave. Our mutual position is pretty clear.

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Speaker 1: What has been done by us so far is only

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Speaker 1: a warning that there are friends of popular liberties still living.

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Speaker 1: Only now are we getting into the fight, and you

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Speaker 1: will have a chance to see what liberty loving people

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Speaker 1: can do. Do not seek to believe that we are

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Speaker 1: the Germans or the devil's paid agents. You know well

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Speaker 1: we are class conscious men with strong determination and no

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Speaker 1: vulgar liability, and never hope that your cops and your

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Speaker 1: hounds will ever succeed in ridding the country of the

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Speaker 1: anarchistic germ that pulses in our veins. We know how

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Speaker 1: we stand with you and how to take care of ourselves. Besides,

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Speaker 1: you will never get all of us, and we multiply nowadays.

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Speaker 1: Just wait and resign to your fate since privilege and

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Speaker 1: riches have turned your heads. Long live social revolution, down

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Speaker 1: with tyranny, and it is signed the Anarchist Fighters. So

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Speaker 1: next up we will detail the bombs in the second

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Speaker 1: attack as compared to those from the earlier incidents we

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Speaker 1: talked about, you know, tying those together. And before we do,

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Speaker 1: we'll take a quick break to talk about one of

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Speaker 1: our fantastic sponsors. Holidays are almost here as you and I,

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Speaker 1: uh shush. We see this with a fair amount of

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Speaker 1: worry and lots of business, which I think is the

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Speaker 1: case for lots of other people. You just do not

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00:18:38,240 --> 00:18:41,040
Speaker 1: have time in this kind of rush to get to

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Speaker 1: the post office. There's the traffic, the parking, and my case,

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00:18:44,040 --> 00:18:46,359
Speaker 1: the walking, and then it's packed when you get there

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00:18:46,400 --> 00:18:49,320
Speaker 1: with everyone else who was also mailing the holiday gifts

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00:18:49,320 --> 00:18:53,200
Speaker 1: and packages. So you can use stamps dot com instead.

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Speaker 1: With stamps dot Com, you can avoid all the hassle

320
00:18:56,040 --> 00:18:58,800
Speaker 1: of going to the post office during the busy holiday

321
00:18:58,800 --> 00:19:01,399
Speaker 1: season because everything that you would do with the post

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00:19:01,400 --> 00:19:04,320
Speaker 1: office you can instead do right from your desk. We

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00:19:04,320 --> 00:19:07,040
Speaker 1: can buy in print official US postage using your own

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00:19:07,080 --> 00:19:10,240
Speaker 1: computer and printer. You can print postage for any letter

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00:19:10,320 --> 00:19:12,680
Speaker 1: or package the instant that you need it, and then

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00:19:12,720 --> 00:19:14,720
Speaker 1: just hand it over to the person who brings your mail.

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00:19:15,640 --> 00:19:18,880
Speaker 1: Is very easy, inconvenient, and right now you can sign

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00:19:19,000 --> 00:19:21,400
Speaker 1: up for stamps dot com and use our promo code

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00:19:21,440 --> 00:19:24,440
Speaker 1: stuff to get this special offer that is a four

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00:19:24,480 --> 00:19:27,879
Speaker 1: week trial plus a one dollar bonus offer that includes

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Speaker 1: postage and a digital scale. So don't wait. Go to

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00:19:31,480 --> 00:19:34,040
Speaker 1: stamps dot com and before you do anything else, click

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00:19:34,080 --> 00:19:36,159
Speaker 1: on the microphone at the top of the homepage and

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00:19:36,200 --> 00:19:40,560
Speaker 1: type in stuff that's stamps dot com and enter stuff.

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Speaker 1: The June bombs were significantly more powerful than the bombs

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Speaker 1: that had been discovered in the late spring. They contained

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Speaker 1: approximately twenty five pounds that's eleven point three kilograms of

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Speaker 1: dynamite wrapped in a package, each of them with metal

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Speaker 1: slugs to create this active shrapnelm As you may recall,

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Speaker 1: one of those springtime bombs maimed but did not kill

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Speaker 1: the woman who opened it, whereas this bomb that went

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Speaker 1: off while Valdanocci was carrying it killed him, presumably instantly,

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Speaker 1: blew out a significant amount of the building he was

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Speaker 1: in front of, and caused minor damage to other structures

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Speaker 1: on that same street, so significant increase in power. The

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Speaker 1: pink flyers and the plain words writing were chased to

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Speaker 1: a print shop run by two men types that are

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Speaker 1: Andrea Salsano and compositor Roberto Alia. Both men were followers

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Speaker 1: of an anarchist named Luigi Galiani and Carlo Valdanocci. The

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Speaker 1: man who had had his bomb go office he approached

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Speaker 1: Palmer's residents, had been an editor of one of Galiani's publications,

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Speaker 1: which advocated the use of violence to effect change. One

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Speaker 1: of the addresses in the made a Bomb plot had

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Speaker 1: been uh Ramie Weston Finch, who was an FBI agent

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Speaker 1: who had been investigating Galiani and his followers, so at

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Speaker 1: this point Galiani was heavily implicated in these bombings. For

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Speaker 1: an incredibly brief overview, just to try to contextualize its

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Speaker 1: connection to Luigi Guiliani's tempestuous life. He was from Ricelli, Italy,

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Speaker 1: and studied law at the University of Turin. During his

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Speaker 1: time in school, he became increasingly interested in politics, and

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Speaker 1: eventually his anarchist beliefs made him a wanted man in Italy,

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Speaker 1: so he fled his home country in eighteen eighty before

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Speaker 1: he was able to finish his degree. He ended up

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Speaker 1: living in France on and off for the next twenty years.

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Speaker 1: He then moved briefly to Switzerland but was deported. He

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Speaker 1: once again went to France, but then was deported back

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Speaker 1: to Italy and was ultimately imprisoned. After an escape from

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Speaker 1: confinement on the island Pentellieri Penteliera, which I may or

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Speaker 1: may not be butchering, he went to England and then

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Speaker 1: he emigrated from there to the United States, and he

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Speaker 1: lived in Paterson, New Jersey, and until an indictment are

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Speaker 1: inciting a riot when he tried to flee to Canada,

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Speaker 1: but he was refused entry. Allegedly he was literally just

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Speaker 1: pushed back across the border. He found a group of

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Speaker 1: like minded people, eventually in Vermont, and from there he

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Speaker 1: began publishing an anarchist periodical in nineteen oh three, which

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Speaker 1: ran for fifteen years from various locations before the US

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Speaker 1: government shut it down. You have, probably as a listener,

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Speaker 1: heard of the more well known anarchists Ecco and Vanzetti.

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Speaker 1: Galiani and his circle had ties to them, as well

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Speaker 1: as for the men who had made the flyers. Salsado

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Speaker 1: jumped or fell from the window of his cell in

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Speaker 1: the DJ's building on Park Row in New York. He

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Speaker 1: had been held there secretly for eight weeks, and there

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Speaker 1: were rumors that he died by suicide. To keep himself

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Speaker 1: from giving up names of collaborators, Alia was offered a

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Speaker 1: deal where his deportation would be canceled if he testified

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Speaker 1: about the anarchists and their organization, but he refused, so

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Speaker 1: two days after Salsado's death, Alien was given up to

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Speaker 1: the Department of Labor and moved to Ellis Island. The

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Speaker 1: Department of Justice contended that the men had both turned

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Speaker 1: state's evidence and then had been held secretly for their

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Speaker 1: own protection. The investigation into the second set of bombings

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Speaker 1: was led by Todd Daniel, who was a special agent

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Speaker 1: of the FBI, as well as the acting head of

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Speaker 1: the FBI, William Flynn. Flynn, who had been Chief of

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Speaker 1: the Secret Service, was lauded by Attorney General Palmer as

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Speaker 1: quote the leading organizing detective in America. Flynn is an

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Speaker 1: anarchist chaser, the greatest anarchist expert in the United States.

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Speaker 1: But just days after the June second bombings, a number

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Speaker 1: of people were being tracked as suspects and active participation

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Speaker 1: in the attacks. Over the next several months, Palmer invoked

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Speaker 1: both the Espionage Act of nineteen seventeen and the Sedition

404
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Speaker 1: Act of nineteen eighteen that we talked about at the

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Speaker 1: top of the show to assemble a special team led

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Speaker 1: by a lawyer from the Justice Department named j Edgar Hoover.

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Speaker 1: This team would go on to work closely with the

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Speaker 1: Immigration Bureau, both to investigate existing suspects and identify others.

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00:24:07,720 --> 00:24:12,000
Speaker 1: Hoover and his team went after every possible scrap of

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00:24:12,040 --> 00:24:16,200
Speaker 1: intelligence they could find to identify persons that they felt

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00:24:16,359 --> 00:24:19,479
Speaker 1: were the most likely to take violent action, so At

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Speaker 1: this point, they were not just tracking who had possibly

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Speaker 1: participated in this bombing act, but anyone that they thought

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Speaker 1: might one day think that doing something similar uh was

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00:24:30,119 --> 00:24:33,440
Speaker 1: a course of action they would try. So. When all

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Speaker 1: of their research was collected, Palmer was utterly convinced that

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Speaker 1: there was a communist plot to overthrow the US government,

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Speaker 1: and that there were tens of thousands of people in

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Speaker 1: the US working to that end, and he had compiled

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Speaker 1: a list of them that he was going to go after.

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Speaker 1: In the next episode, we will talk about the steps

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Speaker 1: that Palmer and his team took to address this perceived

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Speaker 1: communist threat, but for now, this is where we are

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Speaker 1: going to leave the story. Yes, so at this point,

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Speaker 1: there's a lot of fear that their communists literally lurking

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Speaker 1: everywhere in your neighborhoods, trying to uh slowly overtake the

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Speaker 1: entire US way of life, Like these two bombing plots

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00:25:16,680 --> 00:25:20,440
Speaker 1: are legitimately caused for concern. To be very clear, we're

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Speaker 1: not saying, yes, you know, we're not saying they shouldn't

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Speaker 1: have investigated the bomb plots. Obviously that was a big deal,

431
00:25:25,040 --> 00:25:27,520
Speaker 1: but like this took on a much much greater scope.

432
00:25:28,160 --> 00:25:31,840
Speaker 1: Um for sure. Like I said, it really did transition

433
00:25:31,880 --> 00:25:36,480
Speaker 1: to I think you might be shady onto the list

434
00:25:36,520 --> 00:25:40,159
Speaker 1: you go. Yeah, there's there's an episode in the archive

435
00:25:40,200 --> 00:25:43,159
Speaker 1: already about McCarthy and the Red Scare and how that

436
00:25:43,200 --> 00:25:47,240
Speaker 1: ties together. I feel like this this part is not

437
00:25:47,320 --> 00:25:50,439
Speaker 1: as well known as that like today, I feel like

438
00:25:50,440 --> 00:25:54,199
Speaker 1: the McCarthy era there's a lot better known than the

439
00:25:54,200 --> 00:25:57,000
Speaker 1: Palmer Raids that we're going to talk about. Yeah, and

440
00:25:57,080 --> 00:25:59,439
Speaker 1: part of that is just a matter of documentation, Like

441
00:25:59,480 --> 00:26:01,560
Speaker 1: there is a lot of documentation on the Palmer Raids,

442
00:26:01,600 --> 00:26:04,800
Speaker 1: but then the McCarthy era stuff was later enough that

443
00:26:04,840 --> 00:26:07,760
Speaker 1: there were more forms of communication that we're more common,

444
00:26:07,800 --> 00:26:12,919
Speaker 1: so more people knew about it instantly. Uh. Yeah, the

445
00:26:12,920 --> 00:26:15,600
Speaker 1: Palmer Raids are are one of those points in history

446
00:26:15,640 --> 00:26:18,439
Speaker 1: that does not often get a lot of attention. Yeah.

447
00:26:18,640 --> 00:26:21,479
Speaker 1: I think you also have something in lieu of listener

448
00:26:21,520 --> 00:26:25,040
Speaker 1: mail today. I do. It's sort of a response to

449
00:26:25,080 --> 00:26:29,120
Speaker 1: a lot of listener mail. Uh. So we have had

450
00:26:29,280 --> 00:26:31,920
Speaker 1: I mean, in the time since we have been doing

451
00:26:31,960 --> 00:26:34,600
Speaker 1: this show together. I can't speak for a previous host,

452
00:26:34,720 --> 00:26:37,119
Speaker 1: but in the time the years that Tracy and I

453
00:26:37,200 --> 00:26:40,439
Speaker 1: have been doing this, we get a really steady stream

454
00:26:40,520 --> 00:26:47,080
Speaker 1: of requests to cover the United States interment of Japanese Americans,

455
00:26:48,320 --> 00:26:51,960
Speaker 1: which is something we want to cover, yes, but we

456
00:26:52,000 --> 00:26:54,680
Speaker 1: have not gotten to it yet, even though it is

457
00:26:54,760 --> 00:26:56,399
Speaker 1: high on our list. At this point, we have a

458
00:26:56,440 --> 00:26:59,160
Speaker 1: lot of things that are very high on the list. However,

459
00:27:00,119 --> 00:27:02,040
Speaker 1: if you would like to learn a little bit more

460
00:27:02,080 --> 00:27:05,600
Speaker 1: about that, there is an opportunity coming your way, uh

461
00:27:05,720 --> 00:27:10,520
Speaker 1: not through us, but through familiar familiar name in that

462
00:27:10,560 --> 00:27:14,760
Speaker 1: particular subject. So um, many of you probably know that

463
00:27:15,040 --> 00:27:19,600
Speaker 1: George T. K put together a musical called Allegiance that

464
00:27:19,720 --> 00:27:24,399
Speaker 1: ran on Broadway during the season, which was inspired by

465
00:27:24,400 --> 00:27:27,359
Speaker 1: the case true life experience as an internee during the

466
00:27:27,440 --> 00:27:31,120
Speaker 1: Japanese American internment during World War Two. And so this

467
00:27:31,160 --> 00:27:33,920
Speaker 1: was a really amazing play. It got a lot of

468
00:27:33,960 --> 00:27:37,720
Speaker 1: praise and a lot of people were really quite blown

469
00:27:37,720 --> 00:27:39,960
Speaker 1: away by it. But unfortunately, not everybody gets the chance

470
00:27:40,000 --> 00:27:43,800
Speaker 1: to go to Broadway. So they had filmed it during

471
00:27:43,880 --> 00:27:46,840
Speaker 1: its run on Broadway, and now they are going to

472
00:27:46,960 --> 00:27:51,200
Speaker 1: distribute it via Fathom Events for a one night special

473
00:27:51,200 --> 00:27:54,320
Speaker 1: event in more than six hundred cinemas around the country.

474
00:27:54,359 --> 00:27:57,159
Speaker 1: This is on Tuesday, December, so it's coming up right

475
00:27:57,160 --> 00:28:01,600
Speaker 1: away at seven thirty pm. Local time. So they are

476
00:28:01,640 --> 00:28:06,520
Speaker 1: also inviting mayor state legislators, governors, and US representatives and

477
00:28:06,600 --> 00:28:09,880
Speaker 1: senators in each of the currently programmed locations to attend

478
00:28:09,960 --> 00:28:13,480
Speaker 1: this screening of Allegiance. But that means that also you

479
00:28:13,560 --> 00:28:15,879
Speaker 1: can buy tickets and see this story too, so you

480
00:28:15,920 --> 00:28:19,040
Speaker 1: will get, you know, this point of view of how

481
00:28:19,480 --> 00:28:21,720
Speaker 1: that interment went down. So if you would like to

482
00:28:21,720 --> 00:28:24,520
Speaker 1: get tickets to George De Kay's Allegiance, the Broadway musical

483
00:28:24,600 --> 00:28:26,840
Speaker 1: on the big screen, you can do that. You can

484
00:28:26,840 --> 00:28:30,560
Speaker 1: purchase those online at Fathom events dot Com or you

485
00:28:30,560 --> 00:28:34,439
Speaker 1: can go to your local participating theater box office. Remember

486
00:28:34,440 --> 00:28:36,040
Speaker 1: it won't be in all theaters. It is in six

487
00:28:36,400 --> 00:28:39,480
Speaker 1: theaters nationwide, so check that Fathom events dot com website.

488
00:28:40,040 --> 00:28:41,760
Speaker 1: They will have the list of theaters where it's going

489
00:28:41,840 --> 00:28:44,760
Speaker 1: to be. I highly recommend it. You know, this is

490
00:28:44,800 --> 00:28:47,080
Speaker 1: one of those unique situations where there is a very

491
00:28:47,080 --> 00:28:51,600
Speaker 1: important part of history that we still have living legacy

492
00:28:51,840 --> 00:28:54,000
Speaker 1: of it that can talk about it in the first person,

493
00:28:54,880 --> 00:28:56,880
Speaker 1: which we don't have very often in the things that

494
00:28:56,920 --> 00:28:59,520
Speaker 1: Tracy and I speak about. So it is unique in

495
00:28:59,520 --> 00:29:01,920
Speaker 1: that regard, and you're going to get a point of

496
00:29:01,960 --> 00:29:04,400
Speaker 1: view that you would not normally get from a history book.

497
00:29:04,440 --> 00:29:07,320
Speaker 1: So I highly encourage you to go see it. We'll

498
00:29:07,320 --> 00:29:09,440
Speaker 1: talk about it again just so you have a reminder.

499
00:29:09,960 --> 00:29:13,960
Speaker 1: But I think that's important. Well, and I saw George

500
00:29:14,080 --> 00:29:16,560
Speaker 1: Kay give the keynote address at a conference that I

501
00:29:16,640 --> 00:29:21,280
Speaker 1: was at one time where he talked about that. Um

502
00:29:21,360 --> 00:29:23,160
Speaker 1: And while I have not seen the play, has been

503
00:29:23,280 --> 00:29:26,280
Speaker 1: very highly acclaimed. Yeah, the reviews of it were really

504
00:29:26,400 --> 00:29:30,280
Speaker 1: quite good. Uh. So again, go see it, Go do it.

505
00:29:30,320 --> 00:29:32,320
Speaker 1: I'm actually quite bummed because I will be on a

506
00:29:32,320 --> 00:29:36,360
Speaker 1: plane when it happens. Yeah, I have a work commitment

507
00:29:36,360 --> 00:29:37,800
Speaker 1: and I'm trying to figure out if I can do

508
00:29:37,880 --> 00:29:43,200
Speaker 1: both things hopefully hopefully. But we encourage you go see

509
00:29:43,200 --> 00:29:44,800
Speaker 1: it because it's a like I said, it's a great

510
00:29:44,800 --> 00:29:47,600
Speaker 1: way to engage with history on top of being a

511
00:29:47,640 --> 00:29:51,040
Speaker 1: really important thing to talk about and share with us

512
00:29:51,120 --> 00:29:52,800
Speaker 1: how you liked it. If you go, we would love

513
00:29:52,840 --> 00:29:56,120
Speaker 1: to hear. Uh. In the meantime, you can also share

514
00:29:56,160 --> 00:29:58,600
Speaker 1: with us your thoughts on history if you write to

515
00:29:58,720 --> 00:30:01,880
Speaker 1: us at History Podcast to how stuff works dot com. Uh.

516
00:30:02,080 --> 00:30:04,560
Speaker 1: We can also be reached across the spectrum of social

517
00:30:04,560 --> 00:30:07,720
Speaker 1: media as at missed in History. That means on Twitter

518
00:30:07,800 --> 00:30:10,520
Speaker 1: at misst in history at Facebook dot com, slash missed

519
00:30:10,560 --> 00:30:13,440
Speaker 1: in History at pinterest dot com, slash missed in History

520
00:30:13,800 --> 00:30:16,200
Speaker 1: at misst in history dot tumbler dot com, and on

521
00:30:16,240 --> 00:30:19,080
Speaker 1: Instagram as at miss in history. If you would like

522
00:30:19,200 --> 00:30:21,360
Speaker 1: to visit our parents site, which is how stuff Works,

523
00:30:21,760 --> 00:30:23,760
Speaker 1: you can do that. Type in almost anything you can

524
00:30:23,760 --> 00:30:25,480
Speaker 1: think of in the search bar and you're gonna get

525
00:30:25,480 --> 00:30:28,720
Speaker 1: some really interesting content. You can also visit us online

526
00:30:28,720 --> 00:30:31,360
Speaker 1: at missed in history dot com, where we have this

527
00:30:31,480 --> 00:30:33,479
Speaker 1: and every other episode of the show that there has

528
00:30:33,520 --> 00:30:35,920
Speaker 1: ever been, as well as show notes for all of

529
00:30:35,920 --> 00:30:38,120
Speaker 1: the episodes that Tracy and I have worked on together

530
00:30:38,600 --> 00:30:41,240
Speaker 1: and the occasional other goody. So please come and visit

531
00:30:41,320 --> 00:30:43,600
Speaker 1: us at missed in history dot com and how stuff

532
00:30:43,640 --> 00:30:51,600
Speaker 1: Works dot com. More on this and thousands of other topics.

533
00:30:51,840 --> 00:31:05,480
Speaker 1: Is it how stuff works dot com